1
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Qu H, Tang H, Wang L, Wang W, Zhao Y, Chen A, Hu C. Effects on brain structural and functional in deaf children after aerobic exercise training: a pilot cluster randomized controlled study. Int J Neurosci 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38618672 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2024.2341910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Purpose: To examine effects of aerobic exercise interventions on brain via the structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), as well as functional change during working memory (WM) task using fMRI in deaf children.Method: The study applied a cluster randomized controlled design. Twelve deaf children in the intervention group were required to complete an eleven-week aerobic exercise intervention, while other twelve age and gender matched deaf children in the control group were required to keep their normal daily life. Task fMRI images of each participant were acquired in the baseline and post intervention period. The surface-based morphometry (SBM) analysis and functional activation analysis were employed to probe the effects of 11-week aerobic exercise on cerebral structural and functional in deaf children, respectively.Results: The 11-week aerobic exercise intervention did not change brain structure in deaf children. However, behavior performance (reaction time and mean accuracy rate) presented significant improvements after the 11-week aerobic exercise intervention. Compared to the control group, the intervention group showed decreased reaction time in the 2-back (p < 0.001) and 2-0 back (p < 0.001), and increased mean accuracy rate during 2-back (p = 0.034). Furthermore, enhanced brain activations in the left supplementary motor cortex (p < 0.05, FDR-corrected) and left paracentral lobule (p < 0.05, FDR-corrected) were observed in the intervention group.Conclusion: 11-week aerobic exercise intervention may not be able to modulate brain structure in deaf children, but may have significantly positive effects on behavior performance and brain functional activation during WM task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Qu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Deparment of Health Sciences & Kinesiology, GA Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Biobank, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University. Yangzhou Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Epigenetics and Epigenomics, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University. Yangzhou Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Jiangsu, China
| | - Aiguo Chen
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunhong Hu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Jiangsu, China
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2
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Lenge M, Balestrini S, Napolitano A, Mei D, Conti V, Baldassarri G, Trivisano M, Pellacani S, Macconi L, Longo D, Rossi Espagnet MC, Cappelletti S, D'Incerti L, Barba C, Specchio N, Guerrini R. Morphometric network-based abnormalities correlate with psychiatric comorbidities and gene expression in PCDH19-related developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:35. [PMID: 38238304 PMCID: PMC10796344 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02753-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Protocadherin-19 (PCDH19) developmental and epileptic encephalopathy causes an early-onset epilepsy syndrome with limbic seizures, typically occurring in clusters and variably associated with intellectual disability and a range of psychiatric disorders including hyperactive, obsessive-compulsive and autistic features. Previous quantitative neuroimaging studies revealed abnormal cortical areas in the limbic formation (parahippocampal and fusiform gyri) and underlying white-matter fibers. In this study, we adopted morphometric, network-based and multivariate statistical methods to examine the cortex and substructure of the hippocampus and amygdala in a cohort of 20 PCDH19-mutated patients and evaluated the relation between structural patterns and clinical variables at individual level. We also correlated morphometric alterations with known patterns of PCDH19 expression levels. We found patients to exhibit high-significant reductions of cortical surface area at a whole-brain level (left/right pvalue = 0.045/0.084), and particularly in the regions of the limbic network (left/right parahippocampal gyri pvalue = 0.230/0.016; left/right entorhinal gyri pvalue = 0.002/0.327), and bilateral atrophy of several subunits of the amygdala and hippocampus, particularly in the CA regions (head of the left CA3 pvalue = 0.002; body of the right CA3 pvalue = 0.004), and differences in the shape of hippocampal structures. More severe psychiatric comorbidities correlated with more significant altered patterns, with the entorhinal gyrus (pvalue = 0.013) and body of hippocampus (pvalue = 0.048) being more severely affected. Morphometric alterations correlated significantly with the known expression patterns of PCDH19 (rvalue = -0.26, pspin = 0.092). PCDH19 encephalopathy represents a model of genetically determined neural network based neuropsychiatric disease in which quantitative MRI-based findings correlate with the severity of clinical manifestations and had have a potential predictive value if analyzed early.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Lenge
- Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Simona Balestrini
- Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Antonio Napolitano
- Medical Physics Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00100, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Mei
- Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Valerio Conti
- Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Baldassarri
- Medical Physics Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00100, Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Trivisano
- Neurology, Epilepsy and Movement Disorders, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Full Member of European Reference Network EpiCARE, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Pellacani
- Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Letizia Macconi
- Pediatric Radiology Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniela Longo
- Functional and Interventional Neuroimaging Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Simona Cappelletti
- Neurology, Epilepsy and Movement Disorders, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Full Member of European Reference Network EpiCARE, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Ludovico D'Incerti
- Pediatric Radiology Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Carmen Barba
- Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Nicola Specchio
- Neurology, Epilepsy and Movement Disorders, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Full Member of European Reference Network EpiCARE, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, 50139, Florence, Italy.
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3
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Deantoni M, Reyt M, Berthomier C, Muto V, Hammad G, De Haan S, Dourte M, Taillard J, Lambot E, Cajochen C, Reichert CF, Maire M, Baillet M, Schmidt C. Association between circadian sleep regulation and cortical gyrification in young and older adults. Sleep 2023; 46:zsad094. [PMID: 37010079 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian system orchestrates sleep timing and structure and is altered with increasing age. Sleep propensity, and particularly REM sleep is under strong circadian control and has been suggested to play an important role in brain plasticity. In this exploratory study, we assessed whether surface-based brain morphometry indices are associated with circadian sleep regulation and whether this link changes with age. Twenty-nine healthy older (55-82 years; 16 men) and 28 young participants (20-32 years; 13 men) underwent both structural magnetic resonance imaging and a 40-h multiple nap protocol to extract sleep parameters over day and night time. Cortical thickness and gyrification indices were estimated from T1-weighted images acquired during a classical waking day. We observed that REM sleep was significantly modulated over the 24-h cycle in both age groups, with older adults exhibiting an overall reduction in REM sleep modulation compared to young individuals. Interestingly, when taking into account the observed overall age-related reduction in REM sleep throughout the circadian cycle, higher day-night differences in REM sleep were associated with increased cortical gyrification in the right inferior frontal and paracentral regions in older adults. Our results suggest that a more distinctive allocation of REM sleep over the 24-h cycle is associated with regional cortical gyrification in aging, and thereby point towards a protective role of circadian REM sleep regulation for age-related changes in brain organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Deantoni
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, GIGA-CRC in Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Mathilde Reyt
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, GIGA-CRC in Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit (PsyNCog), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Vincenzo Muto
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, GIGA-CRC in Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Gregory Hammad
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, GIGA-CRC in Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Stella De Haan
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, GIGA-CRC in Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marine Dourte
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, GIGA-CRC in Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit (PsyNCog), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- UR2NF, Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit, Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences, Neurosciences Institute, Universite Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Eric Lambot
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, GIGA-CRC in Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christian Cajochen
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences (MCN), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carolin F Reichert
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences (MCN), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Micheline Maire
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marion Baillet
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, GIGA-CRC in Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christina Schmidt
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, GIGA-CRC in Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit (PsyNCog), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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4
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Kitajima K, Tamura S, Sasabayashi D, Nakajima S, Iwata Y, Ueno F, Takai Y, Takahashi J, Caravaggio F, Mar W, Torres-Carmona E, Noda Y, Gerretsen P, Luca VD, Mimura M, Hirano S, Nakao T, Onitsuka T, Remington G, Graff-Guerrero A, Hirano Y. Decreased cortical gyrification and surface area in the left medial parietal cortex in patients with treatment-resistant and ultratreatment-resistant schizophrenia. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 77:2-11. [PMID: 36165228 PMCID: PMC10092309 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM Validating the vulnerabilities and pathologies underlying treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) is an important challenge in optimizing treatment. Gyrification and surface area (SA), reflecting neurodevelopmental features, have been linked to genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to identify gyrification and SA abnormalities specific to TRS. METHODS We analyzed 3T magnetic resonance imaging findings of 24 healthy controls (HCs), 20 responders to first-line antipsychotics (FL-Resp), and 41 patients with TRS, including 19 clozapine responders (CLZ-Resp) and 22 FL- and clozapine-resistant patients (patients with ultratreatment-resistant schizophrenia [URS]). The local gyrification index (LGI) and associated SA were analyzed across groups. Diagnostic accuracy was verified by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. RESULTS Both CLZ-Resp and URS had lower LGI values than HCs (P = 0.041, Hedges g [gH ] = 0.75; P = 0.013, gH = 0.96) and FL-Resp (P = 0.007, gH = 1.00; P = 0.002, gH = 1.31) in the left medial parietal cortex (Lt-MPC). In addition, both CLZ-Resp and URS had lower SA in the Lt-MPC than FL-Resp (P < 0.001, gH = 1.22; P < 0.001, gH = 1.75). LGI and SA were positively correlated in non-TRS (FL-Resp) (ρ = 0.64, P = 0.008) and TRS (CLZ-Resp + URS) (ρ = 0.60, P < 0.001). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve for non-TRS versus TRS with LGI and SA in the Lt-MPC were 0.79 and 0.85, respectively. SA in the Lt-MPC was inversely correlated with negative symptoms (ρ = -0.40, P = 0.018) and clozapine plasma levels (ρ = -0.35, P = 0.042) in TRS. CONCLUSION LGI and SA in the Lt-MPC, a functional hub in the default-mode network, were abnormally reduced in TRS compared with non-TRS. Thus, altered LGI and SA in the Lt-MPC might be structural features associated with genetic vulnerability to TRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutoshi Kitajima
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Tamura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daiki Sasabayashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan.,Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Nakajima
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yusuke Iwata
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Yamanashi Faculty of Medicine, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Ueno
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yoshifumi Takai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Junichi Takahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Fernando Caravaggio
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wanna Mar
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edgardo Torres-Carmona
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yoshihiro Noda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Philip Gerretsen
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vincenzo de Luca
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Masaru Mimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shogo Hirano
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nakao
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Onitsuka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Gary Remington
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ariel Graff-Guerrero
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yoji Hirano
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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5
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Mapping the genetic architecture of cortical morphology through neuroimaging: progress and perspectives. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:447. [PMID: 36241627 PMCID: PMC9568576 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02193-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical morphology is a key determinant of cognitive ability and mental health. Its development is a highly intricate process spanning decades, involving the coordinated, localized expression of thousands of genes. We are now beginning to unravel the genetic architecture of cortical morphology, thanks to the recent availability of large-scale neuroimaging and genomic data and the development of powerful biostatistical tools. Here, we review the progress made in this field, providing an overview of the lessons learned from genetic studies of cortical volume, thickness, surface area, and folding as captured by neuroimaging. It is now clear that morphology is shaped by thousands of genetic variants, with effects that are region- and time-dependent, thereby challenging conventional study approaches. The most recent genome-wide association studies have started discovering common genetic variants influencing cortical thickness and surface area, yet together these explain only a fraction of the high heritability of these measures. Further, the impact of rare variants and non-additive effects remains elusive. There are indications that the quickly increasing availability of data from whole-genome sequencing and large, deeply phenotyped population cohorts across the lifespan will enable us to uncover much of the missing heritability in the upcoming years. Novel approaches leveraging shared information across measures will accelerate this process by providing substantial increases in statistical power, together with more accurate mapping of genetic relationships. Important challenges remain, including better representation of understudied demographic groups, integration of other 'omics data, and mapping of effects from gene to brain to behavior across the lifespan.
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6
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Lucibello S, Bertè G, Verdolotti T, Lucignani M, Napolitano A, D’Abronzo R, Cicala MG, Pede E, Chieffo D, Mariotti P, Colosimo C, Mercuri E, Battini R. Cortical Thickness and Clinical Findings in Prescholar Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:776860. [PMID: 35197818 PMCID: PMC8858962 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.776860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The term autism spectrum disorder (ASD) includes a wide variability of clinical presentation, and this clinical heterogeneity seems to reflect a still unclear multifactorial etiopathogenesis, encompassing different genetic risk factors and susceptibility to environmental factors. Several studies and many theories recognize as mechanisms of autism a disruption of brain development and maturation time course, suggesting the existence of common neurobiological substrates, such as defective synaptic structure and aberrant brain connectivity. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an important role in both assessment of region-specific structural changes and quantification of specific alterations in gray or white matter, which could lead to the identification of an MRI biomarker. In this study, we performed measurement of cortical thickness in a selected well-known group of preschool ASD subjects with the aim of finding correlation between cortical metrics and clinical scores to understand the underlying mechanism of symptoms and to support early clinical diagnosis. Our results confirm that recent brain MRI techniques combined with clinical data can provide some useful information in defining the cerebral regions involved in ASD although large sample studies with homogeneous analytical and multisite approaches are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Lucibello
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Bertè
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Istituto di Radiologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Verdolotti
- UOC Radiologia e Neuroradiologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Lucignani
- Medical Physics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Napolitano
- Medical Physics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosa D’Abronzo
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Istituto di Radiologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria G. Cicala
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Pede
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Chieffo
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Mariotti
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Cesare Colosimo
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Istituto di Radiologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- UOC Radiologia e Neuroradiologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Mercuri
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Centro Clinico Nemo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Battini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
- *Correspondence: Roberta Battini,
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7
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Gharehgazlou A, Vandewouw M, Ziolkowski J, Wong J, Crosbie J, Schachar R, Nicolson R, Georgiades S, Kelley E, Ayub M, Hammill C, Ameis SH, Taylor MJ, Lerch JP, Anagnostou E. Cortical Gyrification Morphology in ASD and ADHD: Implication for Further Similarities or Disorder-Specific Features? Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:2332-2342. [PMID: 34550324 PMCID: PMC9157290 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Shared etiological pathways are suggested in ASD and ADHD given high rates of comorbidity, phenotypic overlap and shared genetic susceptibility. Given the peak of cortical gyrification expansion and emergence of ASD and ADHD symptomology in early development, we investigated gyrification morphology in 539 children and adolescents (6–17 years of age) with ASD (n=197) and ADHD (n=96) compared to typically developing controls (n=246) using the local Gyrification Index (lGI) to provide insight into contributing etiopathological factors in these two disorders. We also examined IQ effects and functional implications of gyrification by exploring the relation between lGI and ASD and ADHD symptomatology beyond diagnosis. General Linear Models yielded no group differences in lGI, and across groups, we identified an age-related decrease of lGI and greater lGI in females compared to males. No diagnosis-by-age interactions were found. Accounting for IQ variability in the model (n=484) yielded similar results. No significant associations were found between lGI and social communication deficits, repetitive and restricted behaviours, inattention or adaptive functioning. By examining both disorders and controls using shared methodology, we found no evidence of atypicality in gyrification as measured by the lGI in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avideh Gharehgazlou
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto M4G 1R8, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Marlee Vandewouw
- Neuroscience & Mental Health Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto M5G 0A4, Canada.,Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto M5G 1X8, Canada.,Autism Research Centre, Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto M4G 1R8, Canada.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Justine Ziolkowski
- Neuroscience & Mental Health Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto M5G 0A4, Canada.,Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal H4H 1R3, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Jimmy Wong
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto M6J 1H4, Canada
| | - Jennifer Crosbie
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5T 1R8, Canada.,Psychiatry Research, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Russell Schachar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5T 1R8, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Rob Nicolson
- The Children's Health Research Institute and Western University, London N6C 2V5, Canada
| | - Stelios Georgiades
- Offord Centre for Child Studies & Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton L8N 3K7, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Kelley
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Muhammad Ayub
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston K7L7X3, Canada
| | - Christopher Hammill
- Neuroscience & Mental Health Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto M5G 0A4, Canada.,Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto M5T 3H7, Canada
| | - Stephanie H Ameis
- Program in Brain and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto M5G 1X8 , Canada.,The Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child, Youth, & Family Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto M6J 1H4, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Margot J Taylor
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Canada.,Neuroscience & Mental Health Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto M5G 0A4, Canada.,Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto M5G 1X8, Canada.,Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto M5T 1W7, Canada
| | - Jason P Lerch
- Neuroscience & Mental Health Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto M5G 1L7, Canada.,Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Evdokia Anagnostou
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto M4G 1R8, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto M5G 1X8, Canada.,Neuroscience & Mental Health Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto M5G 0A4, Canada
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8
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Walden LM, Hu S, Madabhushi A, Prescott JW. Amyloid Deposition Is Greater in Cerebral Gyri than in Cerebral Sulci with Worsening Clinical Diagnosis Across the Alzheimer's Disease Spectrum. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 83:423-433. [PMID: 34334397 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histopathologic studies have demonstrated differential amyloid-β (Aβ) burden between cortical sulci and gyri in Alzheimer's disease (AD), with sulci having a greater Aβ burden. OBJECTIVE To characterize Aβ deposition in the sulci and gyri of the cerebral cortex in vivo among subjects with normal cognition (NC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD, and to evaluate if these differences could improve discrimination between diagnostic groups. METHODS T1-weighted 3T MR and florbetapir (amyloid) positron emission tomography (PET) data were obtained from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). T1 images were segmented and the cortex was separated into sulci/gyri based on pial surface curvature measurements. T1 images were registered to PET images and regional standardized uptake value ratios (SUVr) were calculated. A linear mixed effects model was used to analyze the relationship between clinical variables and amyloid PET SUVr measurements in the sulci/gyri. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to define amyloid positivity. Logistic models were used to evaluate predictive performance of clinical diagnosis using amyloid PET SUVr measurements in sulci/gyri. RESULTS 719 subjects were included: 272 NC, 315 MCI, and 132 AD. Gyral and sulcal Aβ increased with worsening cognition, however there was a greater increase in gyral Aβ. Females had a greater gyral and sulcal Aβ burden. Focusing on sulcal and gyral Aβ did not improve predictive power for diagnostic groups. CONCLUSION While there were significant differences in Aβ deposition in cerebral sulci and gyri across the AD spectrum, these differences did not translate into improved prediction of diagnosis. Females were found to have greater gyral and sulcal Aβ burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas M Walden
- MetroHealth, Department of Radiology, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Song Hu
- MetroHealth, Department of Radiology, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Anant Madabhushi
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Computational Imaging & Personalized Diagnostics, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Prescott
- MetroHealth, Department of Radiology, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
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9
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Gharehgazlou A, Freitas C, Ameis SH, Taylor MJ, Lerch JP, Radua J, Anagnostou E. Cortical Gyrification Morphology in Individuals with ASD and ADHD across the Lifespan: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:2653-2669. [PMID: 33386405 PMCID: PMC8023842 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are common neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) that may impact brain maturation. A number of studies have examined cortical gyrification morphology in both NDDs. Here we review and when possible pool their results to better understand the shared and potentially disorder-specific gyrification features. We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and EMBASE databases, and 24 and 10 studies met the criteria to be included in the systematic review and meta-analysis portions, respectively. Meta-analysis of local Gyrification Index (lGI) findings across ASD studies was conducted with SDM software adapted for surface-based morphometry studies. Meta-regressions were used to explore effects of age, sex, and sample size on gyrification differences. There were no significant differences in gyrification across groups. Qualitative synthesis of remaining ASD studies highlighted heterogeneity in findings. Large-scale ADHD studies reported no differences in gyrification between cases and controls suggesting that, similar to ASD, there is currently no evidence of differences in gyrification morphology compared with controls. Larger, longitudinal studies are needed to further clarify the effects of age, sex, and IQ on cortical gyrification in these NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avideh Gharehgazlou
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carina Freitas
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephanie H Ameis
- Neuroscience & Mental Health Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,The Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child, Youth, & Family Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Margot J Taylor
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Neuroscience & Mental Health Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jason P Lerch
- Neuroscience & Mental Health Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Imaging Mood- and Anxiety-Related Disorders (IMARD) Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.,Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Evdokia Anagnostou
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Neuroscience & Mental Health Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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10
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Reduced cortical gyrification in the posteromedial cortex in unaffected relatives of schizophrenia patients with high genetic loading. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2021; 7:17. [PMID: 33649350 PMCID: PMC7921641 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-021-00148-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Although abnormal cortical gyrification has been consistently reported in patients with schizophrenia, whether gyrification abnormalities reflect a genetic risk for the disorder remains unknown. This study investigated differences in cortical gyrification between unaffected relatives (URs) with high genetic loading for schizophrenia and healthy controls (HCs) to identify potential genetic vulnerability markers. A total of 50 URs of schizophrenia patients and 50 matched HCs underwent T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging to compare whole-brain gyrification using the local gyrification index (lGI). Then, the lGI clusters showing significant differences were compared between the UR subgroups based on the number of first-degree relatives with schizophrenia to identify the effect of genetic loading on cortical gyrification changes. The URs exhibited significantly lower cortical gyrification than the HCs in clusters including medial parieto-occipital and cingulate regions comprising the bilateral precuneus, cuneus, pericalcarine, lingual, isthmus cingulate, and posterior cingulate gyri. Moreover, URs who had two or more first-degree relatives with schizophrenia showed greater gyrification reductions in these clusters than those who had at least one first-degree relative with schizophrenia. Our findings of reduced gyrification in URs, which are consistent with accumulated evidence of hypogyria observed in regions showing patient-control differences in previous studies, highlight that such hypogyria in posteromedial regions may serve as a genetic vulnerability marker and reflect early neurodevelopmental abnormalities resulting from a genetic risk for schizophrenia.
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11
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Qu H, Tang H, Pan J, Zhao Y, Wang W. Alteration of Cortical and Subcortical Structures in Children With Profound Sensorineural Hearing Loss. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:565445. [PMID: 33362488 PMCID: PMC7756106 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.565445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Profound sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is an auditory disability associated with auditory and cognitive dysfunction. Due to distinct pathogenesis, some associated structural and functional changes within the brain have been investigated in previous studies, but whole-brain structural alterations are incompletely understood. We extended the exploration of neuroanatomic differences in whole-brain structure in children with profound SNHL who are primarily users of Chinese sign language (CSL). We employed surface-based morphometry (SBM) and subcortical analyses. T1-weighted magnetic resonance images of 26 children with profound SNHL and 27 age- and sex-matched children with normal hearing were analyzed. Compared with the normal control (NC) group, children with profound SNHL showed diverse structural changes in surface-based and subcortical analyses, including decreased cortical thickness in the left postcentral gyrus, superior parietal lobule, paracentral lobule, precuneus, the right transverse temporal gyri, and the middle temporal gyrus; a noticeable increase in the Local Gyrification Index (LGI) in the left precuneus and superior parietal lobule; and diverse changes in gray-matter volume (GMV) in different brain regions. Surface-based vertex analyses revealed regional contractions in the right thalamus, putamen, pallidum, and the brainstem of children with profound SNHL when compared with those in the NC group. Volumetric analyses showed decreased volumes of the right thalamus and pallidum in children with profound SNHL. Our data suggest that children with profound SNHL are associated with diffuse cerebral dysfunction to cortical and subcortical nuclei, and revealed neuroplastic reorganization in the precuneus, superior parietal lobule, and temporal gyrus. Our study provides robust evidence for changes in connectivity and structure in the brain associated with hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Qu
- Medical Imaging Center, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hui Tang
- College of Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahao Pan
- Center for Orthopedic and Biomechanics Research, Boise State University, Boise, ID, United States
| | - Yi Zhao
- Medical Imaging Center, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Medical Imaging Center, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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12
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Welling MS, Husen SC, Go ATJI, Groenenberg IAL, Willemsen SP, Bijma HH, Steegers-Theunissen RPM. Growth trajectories of the human fetal brain in healthy and complicated pregnancies and associations with neurodevelopmental outcome in the early life course. Early Hum Dev 2020; 151:105224. [PMID: 33091852 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need for non-invasive prenatal markers of the brain to assess fetuses at risk for poor postnatal neurodevelopmental outcome. Periconceptional maternal conditions and pregnancy complications impact prenatal brain development. AIMS To investigate associations between growth trajectories of fetal brain structures and neurodevelopmental outcome in children in the early life course. STUDY DESIGN Periconceptional prospective observational cohort. SUBJECTS Singleton pregnancies were included in the Rotterdam periconception cohort. Two- and three-dimensional ultrasound scans at 22, 26 and 32 weeks gestational age were analysed. OUTCOME MEASURES Head circumference (HC), cerebellum, corpus callosum (CC), Sylvian fissure, insula and parieto-occipital fissure (POF) were measured. Neurodevelopment was evaluated using the Age-and-Stages-questionnaire-3 (ASQ-3) and the Child-Behaviour-Checklist (CBCL) at 2 years of age. Linear mixed models, used to estimate the prenatal brain growth trajectories, and linear regression models, used to evaluate the associations between prenatal brain structures and neurodevelopmental outcomes, were applied in the total study population, and in subgroups: fetal growth restriction (FGR), preterm birth (PTB), fetal congenital heart disease (CHD), and uncomplicated controls. RESULTS Consent for participation was received from parents on behalf of their child 138/203 (68%). ASQ-3 was completed in 128/203 children (63%) and CBCL in 93/203 children (46%). Significant smaller subject-specific growth trajectories (growth rate of CC, HC, left insula, left POF and right POF and the baseline size of CC, HC, left POF and right POF) were found in the FGR subgroup, compared to the other subgroups (all p-values <0.05). In the total group (n = 138), the growth rate of the left insula was associated with poorer ASQ-3 score (β = -869.51; p < 0.05). Healthy controls (n = 106) showed a comparable association (β = -1209.87; p < 0.01). FGR (n = 10) showed a larger baseline size of the right Sylvian fissure in association with poorer CBCL-score (β = 4.13; p < 0.01). In CHD (n = 12) the baseline size of the left Sylvian fissure and its growth rate were associated with respectively poorer and better CBCL-scores (β = 3.11; p < 0.01); (β = -171.99; p < 0.01). In PTB (n = 10) no associations were found. CONCLUSIONS This explorative study suggests associations between ultrasound measurements of fetal brain growth and neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years of age. In future, this non-invasive technique may improve early identification of fetuses at risk for neurodevelopmental outcome and follow-up postnatal clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mila S Welling
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sofie C Husen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Attie T J I Go
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Irene A L Groenenberg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sten P Willemsen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hilmar H Bijma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Régine P M Steegers-Theunissen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Sophia Children's Hospital, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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13
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Cauda F, Nani A, Liloia D, Manuello J, Premi E, Duca S, Fox PT, Costa T. Finding specificity in structural brain alterations through Bayesian reverse inference. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:4155-4172. [PMID: 32829507 PMCID: PMC7502845 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the field of neuroimaging reverse inferences can lead us to suppose the involvement of cognitive processes from certain patterns of brain activity. However, the same reasoning holds if we substitute "brain activity" with "brain alteration" and "cognitive process" with "brain disorder." The fact that different brain disorders exhibit a high degree of overlap in their patterns of structural alterations makes forward inference-based analyses less suitable for identifying brain areas whose alteration is specific to a certain pathology. In the forward inference-based analyses, in fact, it is impossible to distinguish between areas that are altered by the majority of brain disorders and areas that are specifically affected by certain diseases. To address this issue and allow the identification of highly pathology-specific altered areas we used the Bayes' factor technique, which was employed, as a proof of concept, on voxel-based morphometry data of schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease. This technique allows to calculate the ratio between the likelihoods of two alternative hypotheses (in our case, that the alteration of the voxel is specific for the brain disorder under scrutiny or that the alteration is not specific). We then performed temporal simulations of the alterations' spread associated with different pathologies. The Bayes' factor values calculated on these simulated data were able to reveal that the areas, which are more specific to a certain disease, are also the ones to be early altered. This study puts forward a new analytical instrument capable of innovating the methodological approach to the investigation of brain pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Cauda
- GCS‐fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of PsychologyUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
- FOCUS Lab, Department of PsychologyUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | - Andrea Nani
- GCS‐fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of PsychologyUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
- FOCUS Lab, Department of PsychologyUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | - Donato Liloia
- GCS‐fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of PsychologyUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
- FOCUS Lab, Department of PsychologyUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | - Jordi Manuello
- GCS‐fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of PsychologyUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
- FOCUS Lab, Department of PsychologyUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | - Enrico Premi
- Stroke Unit, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Spedali CiviliSpedali Civili HospitalBresciaItaly
- Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental SciencesUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Sergio Duca
- GCS‐fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of PsychologyUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | - Peter T. Fox
- Research Imaging InstituteUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
- South Texas Veterans Health Care SystemSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Tommaso Costa
- GCS‐fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of PsychologyUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
- FOCUS Lab, Department of PsychologyUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
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14
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Schmitt JE, Raznahan A, Liu S, Neale MC. The Heritability of Cortical Folding: Evidence from the Human Connectome Project. Cereb Cortex 2020; 31:702-715. [PMID: 32959043 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying cortical folding are incompletely understood. Prior studies have suggested that individual differences in sulcal depth are genetically mediated, with deeper and ontologically older sulci more heritable than others. In this study, we examine FreeSurfer-derived estimates of average convexity and mean curvature as proxy measures of cortical folding patterns using a large (N = 1096) genetically informative young adult subsample of the Human Connectome Project. Both measures were significantly heritable near major sulci and primary fissures, where approximately half of individual differences could be attributed to genetic factors. Genetic influences near higher order gyri and sulci were substantially lower and largely nonsignificant. Spatial permutation analysis found that heritability patterns were significantly anticorrelated to maps of evolutionary and neurodevelopmental expansion. We also found strong phenotypic correlations between average convexity, curvature, and several common surface metrics (cortical thickness, surface area, and cortical myelination). However, quantitative genetic models suggest that correlations between these metrics are largely driven by nongenetic factors. These findings not only further our understanding of the neurobiology of gyrification, but have pragmatic implications for the interpretation of heritability maps based on automated surface-based measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Eric Schmitt
- Departments of Radiology and Psychiatry, Division of Neuroradiology, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Armin Raznahan
- Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Siyuan Liu
- Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael C Neale
- Departments of Psychiatry and Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-980126, USA
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15
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Quezada S, van de Looij Y, Hale N, Rana S, Sizonenko SV, Gilchrist C, Castillo-Melendez M, Tolcos M, Walker DW. Genetic and microstructural differences in the cortical plate of gyri and sulci during gyrification in fetal sheep. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:6169-6190. [PMID: 32609332 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Gyrification of the cerebral cortex is a developmentally important process, but the mechanisms that drive cortical folding are not fully known. Theories propose that changes within the cortical plate (CP) cause gyrification, yet differences between the CP below gyri and sulci have not been investigated. Here we report genetic and microstructural differences in the CP below gyri and sulci assessed before (at 70 days of gestational age [GA] 70), during (GA 90), and after (GA 110) gyrification in fetal sheep. The areal density of BDNF, CDK5, and NeuroD6 immunopositive cells were increased, and HDAC5 and MeCP2 mRNA levels were decreased in the CP below gyri compared with sulci during gyrification, but not before. Only the areal density of BDNF-immunopositive cells remained increased after gyrification. MAP2 immunoreactivity and neurite outgrowth were also increased in the CP below gyri compared with sulci at GA 90, and this was associated with microstructural changes assessed via diffusion tensor imaging and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging at GA 98. Differential neurite outgrowth may therefore explain the localized changes in CP architecture that result in gyrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Quezada
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.,School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083 Australia
| | - Yohan van de Looij
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Paediatrics and Gynaecology-Obstetrics, School of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1204 Geneva, Switzerland.,Functional and Metabolic Imaging Lab, Federal Institute of Technology of Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Nadia Hale
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Shreya Rana
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Stéphane V Sizonenko
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Paediatrics and Gynaecology-Obstetrics, School of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1204 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Courtney Gilchrist
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083 Australia.,Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Margie Castillo-Melendez
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Mary Tolcos
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.,School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083 Australia
| | - David W Walker
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.,School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083 Australia
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16
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Lenge M, Marini C, Canale E, Napolitano A, De Masi S, Trivisano M, Mei D, Longo D, Rossi Espagnet MC, Lucenteforte E, Barba C, Specchio N, Guerrini R. Quantitative MRI-Based Analysis Identifies Developmental Limbic Abnormalities in PCDH19 Encephalopathy. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:6039-6050. [PMID: 32582916 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protocadherin-19 (PCDH19) is a calcium dependent cell-adhesion molecule involved in neuronal circuit formation with prevalent expression in the limbic structures. PCDH19-gene mutations cause a developmental encephalopathy with prominent infantile onset focal seizures, variably associated with intellectual disability and autistic features. Diagnostic neuroimaging is usually unrevealing. We used quantitative MRI to investigate the cortex and white matter in a group of 20 PCDH19-mutated patients. By a statistical comparison between quantitative features in PCDH19 brains and in a group of age and sex matched controls, we found that patients exhibited bilateral reductions of local gyrification index (lGI) in limbic cortical areas, including the parahippocampal and entorhinal cortex and the fusiform and lingual gyri, and altered diffusivity features in the underlying white matter. In patients with an earlier onset of seizures, worse psychiatric manifestations and cognitive impairment, reductions of lGI and diffusivity abnormalities in the limbic areas were more pronounced. Developmental abnormalities involving the limbic structures likely represent a measurable anatomic counterpart of the reduced contribution of the PCDH19 protein to local cortical folding and white matter organization and are functionally reflected in the phenotypic features involving cognitive and communicative skills as well as local epileptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Lenge
- Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Neuroscience Department, Children's Hospital A. Meyer - University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy.,Functional and Epilepsy Neurosurgery Unit, Neurosurgery Department, Children's Hospital A. Meyer - University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy.,Clinical Trial Office, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Carla Marini
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Maternal Child Department, University Hospital Ospedali Riuniti, 60100 Ancona, Italy
| | - Edoardo Canale
- Paediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS 'G. Gaslini' Institute, 16100 Genova, Italy
| | - Antonio Napolitano
- Medical Physics Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore De Masi
- Clinical Trial Office, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Marina Trivisano
- Rare and Complex Epilepsy Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Mei
- Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Neuroscience Department, Children's Hospital A. Meyer - University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Daniela Longo
- Neuroradiology Unit, Imaging Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Camilla Rossi Espagnet
- Neuroradiology Unit, Imaging Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00100 Rome, Italy.,NESMOS Department, Sapienza University, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Ersilia Lucenteforte
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Carmen Barba
- Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Neuroscience Department, Children's Hospital A. Meyer - University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Nicola Specchio
- Rare and Complex Epilepsy Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Neuroscience Department, Children's Hospital A. Meyer - University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy.,IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56018 Pisa, Italy
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17
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Mathias SR, Knowles EEM, Mollon J, Rodrigue A, Koenis MMC, Alexander-Bloch AF, Winkler AM, Olvera RL, Duggirala R, Göring HHH, Curran JE, Fox PT, Almasy L, Blangero J, Glahn DC. Minimal Relationship between Local Gyrification and General Cognitive Ability in Humans. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:3439-3450. [PMID: 32037459 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that gyrification is associated with superior cognitive abilities in humans, but the strength of this relationship remains unclear. Here, in two samples of related individuals (total N = 2882), we calculated an index of local gyrification (LGI) at thousands of cortical surface points using structural brain images and an index of general cognitive ability (g) using performance on cognitive tests. Replicating previous studies, we found that phenotypic and genetic LGI-g correlations were positive and statistically significant in many cortical regions. However, all LGI-g correlations in both samples were extremely weak, regardless of whether they were significant or nonsignificant. For example, the median phenotypic LGI-g correlation was 0.05 in one sample and 0.10 in the other. These correlations were even weaker after adjusting for confounding neuroanatomical variables (intracranial volume and local cortical surface area). Furthermore, when all LGIs were considered together, at least 89% of the phenotypic variance of g remained unaccounted for. We conclude that the association between LGI and g is too weak to have profound implications for our understanding of the neurobiology of intelligence. This study highlights potential issues when focusing heavily on statistical significance rather than effect sizes in large-scale observational neuroimaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R Mathias
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Emma E M Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Josephine Mollon
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amanda Rodrigue
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marinka M C Koenis
- Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Hartford Hospital, Harford, CT 06106, USA
| | - Aaron F Alexander-Bloch
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anderson M Winkler
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rene L Olvera
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Ravi Duggirala
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
| | - Harald H H Göring
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
| | - Joanne E Curran
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
| | - Peter T Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.,South Texas Veterans Health System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Laura Almasy
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania and Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104, USA
| | - John Blangero
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Hartford Hospital, Harford, CT 06106, USA
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18
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Cortical gyrification in relation to age and cognition in older adults. Neuroimage 2020; 212:116637. [PMID: 32081782 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gyrification of the cerebral cortex changes with aging and relates to development of cognitive function during early life and midlife. Little is known about how gyrification relates to age and cognitive function later in life. We investigated this in 4397 individuals (mean age: 63.5 years, range: 45.7 to 97.9) from the Rotterdam Study, a population-based cohort. Global and local gyrification were assessed from T1-weighted images. A measure for global cognition, the g-factor, was calculated from five cognitive tests. Older age was associated with lower gyrification (mean difference per year = -0.0021; 95% confidence interval = -0.0025; -0.0017). Non-linear terms did not improve the models. Age related to lower gyrification in the parietal, frontal, temporal and occipital regions, and higher gyrification in the medial prefrontal cortex. Higher levels of the g-factor were associated with higher global gyrification (mean difference per g-factor unit = 0.0044; 95% confidence interval = 0.0015; 0.0073). Age and the g-factor did not interact in relation to gyrification (p > 0.05). The g-factor bilaterally associated with gyrification in three distinct clusters. The first cluster encompassed the superior temporal gyrus, the insular cortex and the postcentral gyrus, the second cluster the lingual gyrus and the precuneus, and the third cluster the orbitofrontal cortex. These clusters largely remained statistically significant after correction for cortical surface area. Overall, the results support the notion that gyrification varies with aging and cognition during and after midlife, and suggest that gyrification is a potential marker for age-related brain and cognitive decline beyond midlife.
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19
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Jessen K, Rostrup E, Mandl RCW, Nielsen MØ, Bak N, Fagerlund B, Glenthøj BY, Ebdrup BH. Cortical structures and their clinical correlates in antipsychotic-naïve schizophrenia patients before and after 6 weeks of dopamine D2/3 receptor antagonist treatment. Psychol Med 2019; 49:754-763. [PMID: 29734953 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291718001198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia has been associated with changes in both cortical thickness and surface area, but antipsychotic exposure, illness progression and substance use may confound observations. In antipsychotic-naïve schizophrenia patients, we investigated cortical thickness and surface area as well as mean curvature before and after monotherapy with amisulpride, a relatively selective dopamine D2/3 receptor antagonist. METHODS Fifty-six patients and 59 matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent T1-weighted 3T magnetic resonance imaging. Forty-one patients and 51 HCs were re-scanned. FreeSurfer-processed baseline, follow-up values and symmetrized percentage changes (SPC) in cortical structures were analysed using univariate analysis of variance. Clinical measures comprised psychopathology ratings, assessment of functioning and tests of premorbid and current intelligence. We applied false discovery rate correction to account for multiple comparisons. RESULTS At baseline, groups did not differ in cortical thickness or surface area; however, curvature in the left hemisphere was higher in patients (p = 0.015). In both patients and HCs, higher curvature was associated with lower premorbid (p = 0.009) and current intelligence (p 0.43). Cortical thickness SPC was negatively associated with symptom improvement (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Schizophrenia appears associated with subtle, yet clinically relevant aberrations in cortical structures. Mean curvature holds promise as a sensitive supplement to cortical thickness and surface area to detect complex structural brain abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Jessen
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CNSR, and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CINS, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen,Glostrup,Denmark
| | - Egill Rostrup
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CNSR, and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CINS, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen,Glostrup,Denmark
| | - Rene C W Mandl
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus,University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht,Utrecht,The Netherlands
| | - Mette Ø Nielsen
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CNSR, and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CINS, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen,Glostrup,Denmark
| | - Nikolaj Bak
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CNSR, and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CINS, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen,Glostrup,Denmark
| | - Birgitte Fagerlund
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CNSR, and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CINS, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen,Glostrup,Denmark
| | - Birte Y Glenthøj
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CNSR, and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CINS, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen,Glostrup,Denmark
| | - Bjørn H Ebdrup
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CNSR, and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CINS, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen,Glostrup,Denmark
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20
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Spalthoff R, Gaser C, Nenadić I. Altered gyrification in schizophrenia and its relation to other morphometric markers. Schizophr Res 2018; 202:195-202. [PMID: 30049600 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is modelled as a neurodevelopmental disease with high heritability. However, established markers like cortical thickness and grey matter volume are heavily influenced by post-onset changes and thus provide limited possibility of accessing early pathologies. Gyrification on the other side is assumed to be more specifically determined by genetic and early developmental factors. Here, we compare T1 weighted 3 Tesla MRI scans of 51 schizophrenia patients and 102 healthy controls (matched for age and gender) using a unified processing pipeline with the CAT12 toolbox. Our study provides a direct comparison between 3D gyrification, cortical thickness, and grey matter volume. We demonstrate that significant (p < 0.05, FWE corrected) results only partially overlap between modalities. Gyrification is altered in bilateral insula, temporal pole and left orbitofrontal cortex, while cortical thickness is additionally reduced in the prefrontal cortex, precuneus, and occipital cortex. Grey matter volume (VBM) was reduced in bilateral medial temporal lobes including the amygdala as well as medial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices and cerebellum. Our results lend further support for altered gyrification as a marker of early neurodevelopmental disturbance in schizophrenia and show its relation to other morphological markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Spalthoff
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Gaser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Igor Nenadić
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Phillips University Marburg/Marburg University Hospital UKGM, Marburg, Germany.
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21
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Quezada S, Castillo-Melendez M, Walker DW, Tolcos M. Development of the cerebral cortex and the effect of the intrauterine environment. J Physiol 2018; 596:5665-5674. [PMID: 30325048 DOI: 10.1113/jp277151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The human brain is one of the most complex structures currently under study. Its external shape is highly convoluted, with folds and valleys over the entire surface of the cortex. Disruption of the normal pattern of folding is associated with a number of abnormal neurological outcomes, some serious for the individual. Most of our knowledge of the normal development and folding of the cerebral cortex (gyrification) focuses on the internal, biological (i.e. genetically driven) mechanisms of the brain that drive gyrification. However, the impact of an adverse intrauterine and maternal physiological environment on cortical folding during fetal development has been understudied. Accumulating evidence suggests that the state of the intrauterine and maternal environment can have a significant impact on gyrification of the fetal cerebral cortex. This review summarises our current knowledge of how development in a suboptimal intrauterine and maternal environment can affect the normal development of the folded cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Quezada
- Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia, 3168.,The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright St, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia, 3168
| | - Margie Castillo-Melendez
- Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia, 3168.,The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright St, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia, 3168
| | - David W Walker
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Plenty Rd., Bundoora, Melbourne, Australia, 3083
| | - Mary Tolcos
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Plenty Rd., Bundoora, Melbourne, Australia, 3083
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22
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Moore AA, Sawyers C, Adkins DE, Docherty AR. Opportunities for an enhanced integration of neuroscience and genomics. Brain Imaging Behav 2017; 12:1211-1219. [PMID: 29063506 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-017-9780-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neuroimaging and genetics are two rapidly expanding fields of research. Thoughtful integration of these areas is critical for ongoing large-scale research into the genetic mechanisms underlying brain structure, function, and development. Neuroimaging genetics has been slow to evolve relative to psychiatric genetics research, and some may be unaware that new statistical methods allow for the genomic analysis of more modestly-sized imaging samples. We present a broad overview of the extant imaging genetics literature, provide an interpretation of the major problems surrounding the integration of neuroimaging and genetics, discuss the influence and impact of genetics consortia, and suggest statistical genetic analyses that expand the repertoire of imaging researchers amassing rich behavioral data in modestly-sized samples. Specific attention is paid to the creative use of polygenic risk scoring in imaging genetic analyses, with primers on the most current risk scoring applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlee A Moore
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23220, USA.,Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23220, USA
| | - Chelsea Sawyers
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23220, USA.,Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23220, USA
| | - Daniel E Adkins
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23220, USA.,University Neuropsychiatric Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, 501 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT, 84110, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84110, USA.,Department of Sociology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84110, USA
| | - Anna R Docherty
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23220, USA. .,University Neuropsychiatric Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, 501 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT, 84110, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84110, USA.
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23
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Piven J, Elison JT, Zylka MJ. Toward a conceptual framework for early brain and behavior development in autism. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:1385-1394. [PMID: 28937691 PMCID: PMC5621737 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Studies of infant siblings of older autistic probands, who are at elevated risk for autism, have demonstrated that the defining features of autism are not present in the first year of life but emerge late in the first and into the second year. A recent longitudinal neuroimaging study of high-risk siblings revealed a specific pattern of brain development in infants later diagnosed with autism, characterized by cortical surface area hyper-expansion in the first year followed by brain volume overgrowth in the second year that is associated with the emergence of autistic social deficits. Together with new observations from genetically defined autism risk alleles and rodent model, these findings suggest a conceptual framework for the early, post-natal development of autism. This framework postulates that an increase in the proliferation of neural progenitor cells and hyper-expansion of cortical surface area in the first year, occurring during a pre-symptomatic period characterized by disrupted sensorimotor and attentional experience, leads to altered experience-dependent neuronal development and decreased elimination of neuronal processes. This process is linked to brain volume overgrowth and disruption of the refinement of neural circuit connections and is associated with the emergence of autistic social deficits in the second year of life. A better understanding of the timing of developmental brain and behavior mechanisms in autism during infancy, a period which precedes the emergence of the defining features of this disorder, will likely have important implications for designing rational approaches to early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Piven
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,Department of Psychiatry, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Campus Box 7255, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7255, USA. E-mail:
| | - J T Elison
- Institute of Child Development and Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - M J Zylka
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, and UNC Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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24
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Chung YS, Hyatt CJ, Stevens MC. Adolescent maturation of the relationship between cortical gyrification and cognitive ability. Neuroimage 2017; 158:319-331. [PMID: 28676299 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.06.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
There are changes to the degree of cortical folding from gestation through adolescence into young adulthood. Recent evidence suggests that degree of cortical folding is linked to individual differences in general cognitive ability in healthy adults. However, it is not yet known whether age-related cortical folding changes are related to maturation of specific cognitive abilities in adolescence. To address this, we examined the relationship between frontoparietal cortical folding as measured by a Freesurfer-derived local gyrification index (lGI) and performance on subtests from the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence and scores from Conner's Continuous Performance Test-II in 241 healthy adolescents (ages 12-25 years). We hypothesized that age-related lGI changes in the frontoparietal cortex would contribute to cognitive development. A secondary goal was to explore if any gyrification-cognition relationships were either test-specific or sex-specific. Consistent with previous studies, our results showed a reduction of frontoparietal local gyrification with age. Also, as predicted, all cognitive test scores (i.e., Vocabulary, Matrix Reasoning, the CPT-II Commission, Omission, Variabiltiy, d') showed age × cognitive ability interaction effects in frontoparietal and temporoparietal brain regions. Mediation analyses confirmed a causal role of age-related cortical folding changes only for CPT-II Commission errors. Taken together, the results support the functional significance of cortical folding, as well as provide the first evidence that cortical folding maturational changes play a role in cognitive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun Chung
- Clinical Neuroscience and Development Laboratory, Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, 200 Retreat Avenue, Whitehall Building, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT 06106, USA
| | - Christopher J Hyatt
- Clinical Neuroscience and Development Laboratory, Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, 200 Retreat Avenue, Whitehall Building, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT 06106, USA
| | - Michael C Stevens
- Clinical Neuroscience and Development Laboratory, Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, 200 Retreat Avenue, Whitehall Building, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT 06106, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George St., Suite 901, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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25
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26
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Gregory MD, Kippenhan JS, Dickinson D, Carrasco J, Mattay VS, Weinberger DR, Berman KF. Regional Variations in Brain Gyrification Are Associated with General Cognitive Ability in Humans. Curr Biol 2016; 26:1301-5. [PMID: 27133866 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Searching for a neurobiological understanding of human intellectual capabilities has long occupied those very capabilities. Brain gyrification, or folding of the cortex, is as highly evolved and variable a characteristic in humans as is intelligence. Indeed, gyrification scales with brain size, and relationships between brain size and intelligence have been demonstrated in humans [1-3]. However, gyrification shows a large degree of variability that is independent from brain size [4-6], suggesting that the former may independently contribute to cognitive abilities and thus supporting a direct investigation of this parameter in the context of intelligence. Moreover, uncovering the regional pattern of such an association could offer insights into evolutionary and neural mechanisms. We tested for this brain-behavior relationship in two separate, independently collected, large cohorts-440 healthy adults and 662 healthy children-using high-resolution structural neuroimaging and comprehensive neuropsychometric batteries. In both samples, general cognitive ability was significantly associated (pFDR < 0.01) with increasing gyrification in a network of neocortical regions, including large portions of the prefrontal cortex, inferior parietal lobule, and temporoparietal junction, as well as the insula, cingulate cortex, and fusiform gyrus, a regional distribution that was nearly identical in both samples (Dice similarity coefficient = 0.80). This neuroanatomical pattern is consistent with an existing, well-known proposal, the Parieto-Frontal Integration Theory of intelligence [7], and is also consistent with research in comparative evolutionary biology showing rapid neocortical expansion of these regions in humans relative to other species. These data provide a framework for understanding the neurobiology of human cognitive abilities and suggest a potential neurocellular association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Gregory
- Section on Integrative Neuroimaging, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - J Shane Kippenhan
- Section on Integrative Neuroimaging, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dwight Dickinson
- Psychosis and Cognitive Studies Section, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jessica Carrasco
- Section on Integrative Neuroimaging, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Venkata S Mattay
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Daniel R Weinberger
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and the McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Karen F Berman
- Section on Integrative Neuroimaging, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Psychosis and Cognitive Studies Section, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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27
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Vuoksimaa E, Panizzon MS, Chen CH, Fiecas M, Eyler LT, Fennema-Notestine C, Hagler DJ, Franz CE, Jak AJ, Lyons MJ, Neale MC, Rinker DA, Thompson WK, Tsuang MT, Dale AM, Kremen WS. Is bigger always better? The importance of cortical configuration with respect to cognitive ability. Neuroimage 2016; 129:356-366. [PMID: 26827810 PMCID: PMC4838639 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
General cognitive ability (GCA) has substantial explanatory power for behavioral and health outcomes, but its cortical substrate is still not fully established. GCA is highly polygenic and research to date strongly suggests that its cortical substrate is highly polyregional. We show in map-based and region-of-interest-based analyses of adult twins that a complex cortical configuration underlies GCA. Having relatively greater surface area in evolutionary and developmentally high-expanded prefrontal, lateral temporal, and inferior parietal regions is positively correlated with GCA, whereas relatively greater surface area in low-expanded occipital, medial temporal, and motor cortices is negatively correlated with GCA. Essentially the opposite pattern holds for relative cortical thickness. The phenotypic positive-to-negative gradients in our cortical-GCA association maps were largely driven by a similar pattern of genetic associations. The patterns are consistent with regional cortical stretching whereby relatively greater surface area is related to relatively thinner cortex in high-expanded regions. Thus, the typical "bigger is better" view does not adequately capture cortical-GCA associations. Rather, cognitive ability is influenced by complex configurations of cortical development patterns that are strongly influenced by genetic factors. Optimal cognitive ability appears to be driven both by the absolute size and the polyregional configuration of the entire cortex rather than by small, circumscribed regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eero Vuoksimaa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Center for Behavioral Genomics Twin Research Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Public Health, and Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Matthew S Panizzon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Center for Behavioral Genomics Twin Research Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Chi-Hua Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Center for Behavioral Genomics Twin Research Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mark Fiecas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Center for Behavioral Genomics Twin Research Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Lisa T Eyler
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Christine Fennema-Notestine
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Donald J Hagler
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Carol E Franz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Center for Behavioral Genomics Twin Research Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Amy J Jak
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Michael J Lyons
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Michael C Neale
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23220, USA
| | - Daniel A Rinker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Imaging Genetics Center, Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wesley K Thompson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ming T Tsuang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Center for Behavioral Genomics Twin Research Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Anders M Dale
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - William S Kremen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Center for Behavioral Genomics Twin Research Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Jockwitz C, Caspers S, Lux S, Jütten K, Schleicher A, Eickhoff SB, Amunts K, Zilles K. Age- and function-related regional changes in cortical folding of the default mode network in older adults. Brain Struct Funct 2016; 222:83-99. [PMID: 26943919 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-016-1202-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Healthy aging is accompanied by changes in the functional architecture of the default mode network (DMN), e.g. a posterior to anterior shift (PASA) of activations. The putative structural correlate for this functional reorganization, however, is largely unknown. Changes in gyrification, i.e. decreases of cortical folding were found to be a marker of atrophy of the brain in later decades of life. Therefore, the present study assessed local gyrification indices of the DMN in relation to age and cognitive performance in 749 older adults aged 55-85 years. Age-related decreases in local gyrification indices were found in the anterior part of the DMN [particularly; medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)] of the right hemisphere, and the medial posterior parts of the DMN [particularly; posterior cingulate cortex (PCC)/precuneus] of both hemispheres. Positive correlations between cognitive performance and local gyrification indices were found for (1) selective attention and left PCC/precuneus, (2) visual/visual-spatial working memory and bilateral PCC/precuneus and right angular gyrus (AG), and (3) semantic verbal fluency and right AG and right mPFC. The more pronounced age-related decrease in local gyrification indices of the posterior parts of the DMN supports the functionally motivated PASA theory by correlated structural changes. Surprisingly, the prominent age-related decrease in local gyrification indices in right hemispheric ROIs provides evidence for a structural underpinning of the right hemi-aging hypothesis. Noticeably, the performance-related changes in local gyrification largely involved the same parts of the DMN that were subject to age-related local gyrification decreases. Thus, the present study lends support for a combined structural and functional theory of aging, in that the functional changes in the DMN during aging are accompanied by comparably localized structural alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Jockwitz
- C. & O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine-1, Research Center Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Svenja Caspers
- C. & O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany. .,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine-1, Research Center Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Silke Lux
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine-1, Research Center Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Kerstin Jütten
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine-1, Research Center Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Axel Schleicher
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine-1, Research Center Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine-1, Research Center Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.,Institute Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katrin Amunts
- C. & O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine-1, Research Center Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Karl Zilles
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine-1, Research Center Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.,JARA-Brain, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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29
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Hippocampal size is related to short-term true and false memory, and right fusiform size is related to long-term true and false memory. Brain Struct Funct 2015; 221:4045-4057. [PMID: 26586602 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-015-1145-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
There is a keen interest in identifying specific brain regions that are related to individual differences in true and false memories. Previous functional neuroimaging studies showed that activities in the hippocampus, right fusiform gyrus, and parahippocampal gyrus were associated with true and false memories, but no study thus far has examined whether the structures of these brain regions are associated with short-term and long-term true and false memories. To address that question, the current study analyzed data from 205 healthy young adults, who had valid data from both structural brain imaging and a misinformation task. In the misinformation task, subjects saw the crime scenarios, received misinformation, and took memory tests about the crimes an hour later and again after 1.5 years. Results showed that bilateral hippocampal volume was associated with short-term true and false memories, whereas right fusiform gyrus volume and surface area were associated with long-term true and false memories. This study provides the first evidence for the structural neural bases of individual differences in short-term and long-term true and false memories.
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