1
|
Girn M, Setton R, Turner GR, Spreng RN. The "limbic network," comprising orbitofrontal and anterior temporal cortex, is part of an extended default network: Evidence from multi-echo fMRI. Netw Neurosci 2024; 8:860-882. [PMID: 39355434 PMCID: PMC11398723 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) investigations have provided a view of the default network (DN) as composed of a specific set of frontal, parietal, and temporal cortical regions. This spatial topography is typically defined with reference to an influential network parcellation scheme that designated the DN as one of seven large-scale networks (Yeo et al., 2011). However, the precise functional organization of the DN is still under debate, with studies arguing for varying subnetwork configurations and the inclusion of subcortical regions. In this vein, the so-called limbic network-defined as a distinct large-scale network comprising the bilateral temporal poles, ventral anterior temporal lobes, and orbitofrontal cortex-is of particular interest. A large multi-modal and multi-species literature on the anatomical, functional, and cognitive properties of these regions suggests a close relationship to the DN. Notably, these regions have poor signal quality with conventional fMRI acquisition, likely obscuring their network affiliation in most studies. Here, we leverage a multi-echo fMRI dataset with high temporal signal-to-noise and whole-brain coverage, including orbitofrontal and anterior temporal regions, to examine the large-scale network resting-state functional connectivity of these regions and assess their associations with the DN. Consistent with our hypotheses, our results support the inclusion of the majority of the orbitofrontal and anterior temporal cortex as part of the DN and reveal significant heterogeneity in their functional connectivity. We observed that left-lateralized regions within the temporal poles and ventral anterior temporal lobes, as well as medial orbitofrontal regions, exhibited the greatest resting-state functional connectivity with the DN, with heterogeneity across DN subnetworks. Overall, our findings suggest that, rather than being a functionally distinct network, the orbitofrontal and anterior temporal regions comprise part of a larger, extended default network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manesh Girn
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Neuroscape, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Roni Setton
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - R. Nathan Spreng
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao Y, Kirschenhofer T, Harvey M, Rainer G. Mediodorsal thalamus and ventral pallidum contribute to subcortical regulation of the default mode network. Commun Biol 2024; 7:891. [PMID: 39039239 PMCID: PMC11263694 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06531-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Humans and other animals readily transition from externally to internally focused attention, and these transitions are accompanied by activation of the default mode network (DMN). The DMN was considered a cortical network, yet recent evidence suggests subcortical structures are also involved. We investigated the role of ventral pallidum (VP) and mediodorsal thalamus (MD) in DMN regulation in tree shrew, a close relative of primates. Electrophysiology and deep learning-based classification of behavioral states revealed gamma oscillations in VP and MD coordinated with gamma in anterior cingulate (AC) cortex during DMN states. Cross-frequency coupling between gamma and delta oscillations was higher during DMN than other behaviors, underscoring the engagement of MD, VP and AC. Our findings highlight the importance of VP and MD in DMN regulation, extend homologies in DMN regulation among mammals, and underline the importance of thalamus and basal forebrain to the regulation of DMN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yilei Zhao
- Section of Medicine, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Kirschenhofer
- Section of Medicine, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Michael Harvey
- Section of Medicine, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Rainer
- Section of Medicine, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zalasky NA, Luo F, Kim LH, Noor MS, Brown EC, Arantes AP, Ramasubbu R, Gruber AJ, Kiss ZHT, Clark DL. Integration of valence and conflict processing through cellular-field interactions in human subgenual cingulate during emotional face processing in treatment-resistant depression. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02667-6. [PMID: 39030263 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02667-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
The subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) has been identified as a key brain area involved in various cognitive and emotional processes. While the sgACC has been implicated in both emotional valuation and emotional conflict monitoring, it is still unclear how this area integrates multiple functions. We characterized both single neuron and local field oscillatory activity in 14 patients undergoing sgACC deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression. During recording, patients were presented with a modified Stroop task containing emotional face images that varied in valence and congruence. We further analyzed spike-field interactions to understand how network dynamics influence single neuron activity in this area. Most single neurons responded to both valence and congruence, revealing that sgACC neuronal activity can encode multiple processes within the same task, indicative of multifunctionality. During peak neuronal response, we observed increased spectral power in low frequency oscillations, including theta-band synchronization (4-8 Hz), as well as desynchronization in beta-band frequencies (13-30 Hz). Theta activity was modulated by current trial congruency with greater increases in spectral power following non-congruent stimuli, while beta desynchronizations occurred regardless of emotional valence. Spike-field interactions revealed that local sgACC spiking was phase-locked most prominently to the beta band, whereas phase-locking to the theta band occurred in fewer neurons overall but was modulated more strongly for neurons that were responsive to task. Our findings provide the first direct evidence of spike-field interactions relating to emotional cognitive processing in the human sgACC. Furthermore, we directly related theta oscillatory dynamics in human sgACC to current trial congruency, demonstrating it as an important regulator during conflict detection. Our data endorse the sgACC as an integrative hub for cognitive emotional processing through modulation of beta and theta network activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Zalasky
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Feng Luo
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Linda H Kim
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - M Sohail Noor
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Elliot C Brown
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Ana P Arantes
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Rajamannar Ramasubbu
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Aaron J Gruber
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada
| | - Zelma H T Kiss
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
- Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
| | - Darren L Clark
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sanda P, Hlinka J, van den Berg M, Skoch A, Bazhenov M, Keliris GA, Krishnan GP. Cholinergic modulation supports dynamic switching of resting state networks through selective DMN suppression. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1012099. [PMID: 38843298 PMCID: PMC11185486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain activity during the resting state is widely used to examine brain organization, cognition and alterations in disease states. While it is known that neuromodulation and the state of alertness impact resting-state activity, neural mechanisms behind such modulation of resting-state activity are unknown. In this work, we used a computational model to demonstrate that change in excitability and recurrent connections, due to cholinergic modulation, impacts resting-state activity. The results of such modulation in the model match closely with experimental work on direct cholinergic modulation of Default Mode Network (DMN) in rodents. We further extended our study to the human connectome derived from diffusion-weighted MRI. In human resting-state simulations, an increase in cholinergic input resulted in a brain-wide reduction of functional connectivity. Furthermore, selective cholinergic modulation of DMN closely captured experimentally observed transitions between the baseline resting state and states with suppressed DMN fluctuations associated with attention to external tasks. Our study thus provides insight into potential neural mechanisms for the effects of cholinergic neuromodulation on resting-state activity and its dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Sanda
- Institute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Hlinka
- Institute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Monica van den Berg
- Bio-Imaging Lab, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- μNEURO Research Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Antonin Skoch
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- MR Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Maxim Bazhenov
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Georgios A. Keliris
- Bio-Imaging Lab, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Giri P. Krishnan
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chakraborty S, Haast RAM, Onuska KM, Kanel P, Prado MAM, Prado VF, Khan AR, Schmitz TW. Multimodal gradients of basal forebrain connectivity across the neocortex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.05.26.541324. [PMID: 37292595 PMCID: PMC10245994 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.26.541324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The cholinergic innervation of the cortex originates almost entirely from populations of neurons in the basal forebrain (BF). Structurally, the ascending BF cholinergic projections are highly branched, with individual cells targeting multiple different cortical regions. However, it is not known whether the structural organization of basal forebrain projections reflects their functional integration with the cortex. We therefore used high-resolution 7T diffusion and resting state functional MRI in humans to examine multimodal gradients of BF cholinergic connectivity with the cortex. Moving from anteromedial to posterolateral BF, we observed reduced tethering between structural and functional connectivity gradients, with the most pronounced dissimilarity localized in the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NbM). The cortical expression of this structure-function gradient revealed progressively weaker tethering moving from unimodal to transmodal cortex, with the lowest tethering in midcingulo-insular cortex. We used human [ 18 F] fluoroethoxy-benzovesamicol (FEOBV) PET to demonstrate that cortical areas with higher concentrations of cholinergic innervation tend to exhibit lower tethering between BF structural and functional connectivity, suggesting a pattern of increasingly diffuse axonal arborization. Anterograde viral tracing of cholinergic projections and [ 18 F] FEOBV PET in mice confirmed a gradient of axonal arborization across individual BF cholinergic neurons. Like humans, cholinergic neurons with the highest arborization project to cingulo-insular areas of the mouse isocortex. Altogether, our findings reveal that BF cholinergic neurons vary in their branch complexity, with certain subpopulations exhibiting greater modularity and others greater diffusivity in the functional integration of their cortical targets.
Collapse
|
6
|
Chakraborty S, Lee SK, Arnold SM, Haast RAM, Khan AR, Schmitz TW. Focal acetylcholinergic modulation of the human midcingulo-insular network during attention: Meta-analytic neuroimaging and behavioral evidence. J Neurochem 2024; 168:397-413. [PMID: 37864501 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
The basal forebrain cholinergic neurons provide acetylcholine to the cortex via large projections. Recent molecular imaging work in humans indicates that the cortical cholinergic innervation is not uniformly distributed, but rather may disproportionately innervate cortical areas relevant to supervisory attention. In this study, we therefore reexamined the spatial relationship between acetylcholinergic modulation and attention in the human cortex using meta-analytic strategies targeting both pharmacological and non-pharmacological neuroimaging studies. We found that pharmaco-modulation of acetylcholine evoked both increased activity in the anterior cingulate and decreased activity in the opercular and insular cortex. In large independent meta-analyses of non-pharmacological neuroimaging research, we demonstrate that during attentional engagement these cortical areas exhibit (1) task-related co-activation with the basal forebrain, (2) task-related co-activation with one another, and (3) spatial overlap with dense cholinergic innervations originating from the basal forebrain, as estimated by multimodal positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Finally, we provide meta-analytic evidence that pharmaco-modulation of acetylcholine also induces a speeding of responses to targets with no apparent tradeoff in accuracy. In sum, we demonstrate in humans that acetylcholinergic modulation of midcingulo-insular hubs of the ventral attention/salience network via basal forebrain afferents may coordinate selection of task relevant information, thereby facilitating cognition and behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudesna Chakraborty
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sun Kyun Lee
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah M Arnold
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roy A M Haast
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- CRMBM, CNRS UMR 7339, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Ali R Khan
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Taylor W Schmitz
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang C, Cai Y, Yu H, Wu N, Liu J, Liang S, Zhang C, Duan Z, Zhang Z, Cai G. Comparison of the effects of peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis on spontaneous brain activity in CKD patients: an rs-fMRI study. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad377. [PMID: 37948670 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis on spontaneous brain activity in patients with end-stage renal disease. METHODS A total of 52 dialysis patients with end-stage renal disease, including 25 patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis (HD-CKD) and 27 patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD-CKD), and 49 healthy controls (normal control) were included. All participants underwent neuropsychological testing (Mini-Mental State Examination and Montreal cognitive assessment) and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations and Regional Homogeneity algorithms were employed to evaluate spontaneous brain activity. Statistical analysis was performed to discern differences between the groups. RESULTS When compared with the normal control group, the PD-CKD group exhibited significant alterations in fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations in various cerebellum regions and other brain areas, while the HD-CKD group showed decreased fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations in the bilateral pericalcarine cortex. The Regional Homogeneity values in the PD-CKD group were notably different than those in the normal control group, particularly in regions such as the bilateral caudate nucleus and the right putamen. CONCLUSION Both peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis modalities impact brain activity, but manifest differently in end-stage renal disease patients. Understanding these differences is crucial for optimizing patient care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Zhang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
- First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Huan Yu
- Department of Radiology, Liangxiang Hospital, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Ning Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Yanjing Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jiexi Liu
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
- First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
- First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zhiyu Duan
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
- First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
- First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Guangyan Cai
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
- First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing 100853, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Won J, Zaborszky L, Purcell JJ, Ranadive SM, Gentili RJ, Smith JC. Basal forebrain functional connectivity as a mediator of associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and cognition in healthy older women. Brain Imaging Behav 2023; 17:571-583. [PMID: 37273101 PMCID: PMC11005819 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-023-00784-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Age-related cholinergic dysfunction within the basal forebrain (BF) is one of the key hallmarks for age-related cognitive decline. Given that higher cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) induces neuroprotective effects that may differ by sex, we investigated the moderating effects of sex on the associations between CRF, BF cholinergic function, and cognitive function in older adults. 176 older adults (68.5 years) were included from the Nathan Kline Institute Rockland Sample. Functional connectivity (rsFC) of the BF subregions including the medial septal nucleus/diagonal band of Broca (MS/DB) and nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) were computed from resting-sate functional MRI. Modified Astrand-Ryhming submaximal cycle ergometer protocol was used to estimate CRF. Trail making task and inhibition performance during the color word interference test from the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test were used to examine cognitive function. Linear regression models were used to assess the associations between CRF, BF rsFC, and cognitive performance after controlling for age, sex, and years of education. Subsequently, we measured the associations between the variables in men and women separately to investigate the sex differences. There was an association between higher CRF and greater rsFC between the NBM and right middle frontal gyrus in older men and women. There were significant associations between CRF, NBM rsFC, and trail making task number-letter switching performance only in women. In women, greater NBM rsFC mediated the association between higher CRF and better trail making task number-letter switching performance. These findings provide evidence that greater NBM rsFC, particularly in older women, may be an underlying neural mechanism for the relationship between higher CRF and better executive function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junyeon Won
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Laszlo Zaborszky
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Jeremy J Purcell
- Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Sushant M Ranadive
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, 2351 SPH Bldg #255, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Rodolphe J Gentili
- Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, 2351 SPH Bldg #255, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - J Carson Smith
- Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, 2351 SPH Bldg #255, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Uddin LQ, Betzel RF, Cohen JR, Damoiseaux JS, De Brigard F, Eickhoff SB, Fornito A, Gratton C, Gordon EM, Laird AR, Larson-Prior L, McIntosh AR, Nickerson LD, Pessoa L, Pinho AL, Poldrack RA, Razi A, Sadaghiani S, Shine JM, Yendiki A, Yeo BTT, Spreng RN. Controversies and progress on standardization of large-scale brain network nomenclature. Netw Neurosci 2023; 7:864-905. [PMID: 37781138 PMCID: PMC10473266 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Progress in scientific disciplines is accompanied by standardization of terminology. Network neuroscience, at the level of macroscale organization of the brain, is beginning to confront the challenges associated with developing a taxonomy of its fundamental explanatory constructs. The Workgroup for HArmonized Taxonomy of NETworks (WHATNET) was formed in 2020 as an Organization for Human Brain Mapping (OHBM)-endorsed best practices committee to provide recommendations on points of consensus, identify open questions, and highlight areas of ongoing debate in the service of moving the field toward standardized reporting of network neuroscience results. The committee conducted a survey to catalog current practices in large-scale brain network nomenclature. A few well-known network names (e.g., default mode network) dominated responses to the survey, and a number of illuminating points of disagreement emerged. We summarize survey results and provide initial considerations and recommendations from the workgroup. This perspective piece includes a selective review of challenges to this enterprise, including (1) network scale, resolution, and hierarchies; (2) interindividual variability of networks; (3) dynamics and nonstationarity of networks; (4) consideration of network affiliations of subcortical structures; and (5) consideration of multimodal information. We close with minimal reporting guidelines for the cognitive and network neuroscience communities to adopt.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucina Q. Uddin
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Richard F. Betzel
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Jessica R. Cohen
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jessica S. Damoiseaux
- Institute of Gerontology and Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Simon B. Eickhoff
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alex Fornito
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Caterina Gratton
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Evan M. Gordon
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Angela R. Laird
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Linda Larson-Prior
- Deptartment of Psychiatry and Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - A. Randal McIntosh
- Institute for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Luiz Pessoa
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Ana Luísa Pinho
- Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Adeel Razi
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sepideh Sadaghiani
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, IL, USA
| | - James M. Shine
- Brain and Mind Center, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anastasia Yendiki
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - B. T. Thomas Yeo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - R. Nathan Spreng
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cicero NG, Riley E, Swallow KM, De Rosa E, Anderson A. Attention-dependent coupling with forebrain and brainstem neuromodulatory nuclei changes across the lifespan. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.29.560190. [PMID: 37808626 PMCID: PMC10557698 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.29.560190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Attentional states continuously reflect the predictability and uncertainty in one's environment having important consequences for learning and memory. Beyond well known cortical contributions, rapid shifts in attention are hypothesized to also originate from deep nuclei, such as the basal forebrain (BF) and locus coeruleus (LC) neuromodulatory systems. These systems are also the first to change with aging. Here we characterized the interplay between these systems and their regulation of afferent targets - the hippocampus (HPC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) - across the lifespan. To examine the role of attentional salience on task-dependent functional connectivity, we used a target-distractor go/no go task presented during functional MRI. In younger adults, BF coupling with the HPC, and LC coupling with the PCC, increased with behavioral relevance (targets vs distractors). Although the strength and presence of significant regional coupling changed in middle age, the most striking change in network connectivity was in old age, such that in older adults BF and LC coupling with their cortical afferents was largely absent and replaced by stronger interconnectivity between LC-BF nuclei. Overall rapid changes in attention related to behavioral relevance revealed distinct roles of subcortical neuromodulatory systems. The pronounced changes in functional network architecture across the lifespan suggest a decrease in these distinct roles, with deafferentation of cholinergic and noradrenergic systems associated with a shift towards mutual support during attention guided to external stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth Riley
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Khena M Swallow
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Eve De Rosa
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Adam Anderson
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Poskanzer C, Aly M. Switching between External and Internal Attention in Hippocampal Networks. J Neurosci 2023; 43:6538-6552. [PMID: 37607818 PMCID: PMC10513067 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0029-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Everyday experience requires processing external signals from the world around us and internal information retrieved from memory. To do both, the brain must fluctuate between states that are optimized for external versus internal attention. Here, we focus on the hippocampus as a region that may serve at the interface between these forms of attention and ask how it switches between prioritizing sensory signals from the external world versus internal signals related to memories and thoughts. Pharmacological, computational, and animal studies have identified input from the cholinergic basal forebrain as important for biasing the hippocampus toward processing external information, whereas complementary research suggests the dorsal attention network (DAN) may aid in allocating attentional resources toward accessing internal information. We therefore tested the hypothesis that the basal forebrain and DAN drive the hippocampus toward external and internal attention, respectively. We used data from 29 human participants (17 female) who completed two attention tasks during fMRI. One task (memory-guided) required proportionally more internal attention, and proportionally less external attention, than the other (explicitly instructed). We discovered that background functional connectivity between the basal forebrain and hippocampus was stronger during the explicitly instructed versus memory-guided task. In contrast, DAN-hippocampus background connectivity was stronger during the memory-guided versus explicitly instructed task. Finally, the strength of DAN-hippocampus background connectivity was correlated with performance on the memory-guided but not explicitly instructed task. Together, these results provide evidence that the basal forebrain and DAN may modulate the hippocampus to switch between external and internal attention.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT How does the brain balance the need to pay attention to internal thoughts and external sensations? We focused on the human hippocampus, a region that may serve at the interface between internal and external attention, and asked how its functional connectivity varies based on attentional states. The hippocampus was more strongly coupled with the cholinergic basal forebrain when attentional states were guided by the external world rather than retrieved memories. This pattern flipped for functional connectivity between the hippocampus and dorsal attention network, which was higher for attention tasks that were guided by memory rather than external cues. Together, these findings show that distinct networks in the brain may modulate the hippocampus to switch between external and internal attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig Poskanzer
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027
| | - Mariam Aly
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Berry AS, Harrison TM. New perspectives on the basal forebrain cholinergic system in Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 150:105192. [PMID: 37086935 PMCID: PMC10249144 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
The basal forebrain cholinergic system (BFCS) has long been implicated in age-related cognitive changes and the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Limitations of cholinergic interventions helped to inspire a shift away from BFCS in AD research. A resurgence in interest in the BFCS following methodological and analytical advances has resulted in a call for the BFCS to be examined in novel frameworks. We outline the basic structure and function of the BFCS, its role in supporting cognitive and affective function, and its vulnerability to aging and AD. We consider the BFCS in the context of the amyloid hypothesis and evolving concepts in AD research: resilience and resistance to pathology, selective neuronal vulnerability, trans-synaptic pathology spread and sleep health. We highlight 1) the potential role of the BFCS in cognitive resilience, 2) recent work refining understanding about the selective vulnerability of BFCS to AD, 3) BFCS connectivity that suggests it is related to tau spreading and neurodegeneration and 4) the gap between BFCS involvement in AD and sleep-wake cycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Theresa M Harrison
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Beyond shallow feelings of complex affect: Non-motor correlates of subjective emotional experience in Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281959. [PMID: 36827296 PMCID: PMC9955984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Affective disorders in Parkinson's disease (PD) concern several components of emotion. However, research on subjective feeling in PD is scarce and has produced overall varying results. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the subjective emotional experience and its relationship with autonomic symptoms and other non-motor features in PD patients. We used a battery of film excerpts to elicit Amusement, Anger, Disgust, Fear, Sadness, Tenderness, and Neutral State, in 28 PD patients and 17 healthy controls. Self-report scores of emotion category, intensity, and valence were analyzed. In the PD group, we explored the association between emotional self-reported scores and clinical scales assessing autonomic dysregulation, depression, REM sleep behavior disorder, and cognitive impairment. Patient clustering was assessed by considering relevant associations. Tenderness occurrence and intensity of Tenderness and Amusement were reduced in the PD patients. Tenderness occurrence was mainly associated with the overall cognitive status and the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms. In contrast, the intensity and valence reported for the experience of Amusement correlated with the prevalence of urinary symptoms. We identified five patient clusters, which differed significantly in their profile of non-motor symptoms and subjective feeling. Our findings further suggest the possible existence of a PD phenotype with more significant changes in subjective emotional experience. We concluded that the subjective experience of complex emotions is impaired in PD. Non-motor feature grouping suggests the existence of disease phenotypes profiled according to specific deficits in subjective emotional experience, with potential clinical implications for the adoption of precision medicine in PD. Further research on larger sample sizes, combining subjective and physiological measures of emotion with additional clinical features, is needed to extend our findings.
Collapse
|
14
|
Engels-Domínguez N, Koops EA, Prokopiou PC, Van Egroo M, Schneider C, Riphagen JM, Singhal T, Jacobs HIL. State-of-the-art imaging of neuromodulatory subcortical systems in aging and Alzheimer's disease: Challenges and opportunities. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 144:104998. [PMID: 36526031 PMCID: PMC9805533 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Primary prevention trials have shifted their focus to the earliest stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Autopsy data indicates that the neuromodulatory subcortical systems' (NSS) nuclei are specifically vulnerable to initial tau pathology, indicating that these nuclei hold great promise for early detection of AD in the context of the aging brain. The increasing availability of new imaging methods, ultra-high field scanners, new radioligands, and routine deep brain stimulation implants has led to a growing number of NSS neuroimaging studies on aging and neurodegeneration. Here, we review findings of current state-of-the-art imaging studies assessing the structure, function, and molecular changes of these nuclei during aging and AD. Furthermore, we identify the challenges associated with these imaging methods, important pathophysiologic gaps to fill for the AD NSS neuroimaging field, and provide future directions to improve our assessment, understanding, and clinical use of in vivo imaging of the NSS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Engels-Domínguez
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Elouise A Koops
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Prokopis C Prokopiou
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maxime Van Egroo
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Christoph Schneider
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joost M Riphagen
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tarun Singhal
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Heidi I L Jacobs
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Decomposing Neural Representational Patterns of Discriminatory and Hedonic Information during Somatosensory Stimulation. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0274-22.2022. [PMID: 36549914 PMCID: PMC9829099 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0274-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to interrogate specific representations in the brain, determining how, and where, difference sources of information are instantiated can provide invaluable insight into neural functioning. Pattern component modeling (PCM) is a recent analytic technique for human neuroimaging that allows the decomposition of representational patterns in brain into contributing subcomponents. In the current study, we present a novel PCM variant that tracks the contribution of prespecified representational patterns to brain representation across areas, thus allowing hypothesis-guided employment of the technique. We apply this technique to investigate the contributions of hedonic and nonhedonic information to the neural representation of tactile experience. We applied aversive pressure (AP) and appetitive brush (AB) to stimulate distinct peripheral nerve pathways for tactile information (C-/CT-fibers, respectively) while patients underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning. We performed representational similarity analyses (RSAs) with pattern component modeling to dissociate how discriminatory versus hedonic tactile information contributes to population code representations in the human brain. Results demonstrated that information about appetitive and aversive tactile sensation is represented separately from nonhedonic tactile information across cortical structures. This also demonstrates the potential of new hypothesis-guided PCM variants to help delineate how information is instantiated in the brain.
Collapse
|
16
|
Bang JW, Chan RW, Parra C, Murphy MC, Schuman JS, Nau AC, Chan KC. Diverging patterns of plasticity in the nucleus basalis of Meynert in early- and late-onset blindness. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad119. [PMID: 37101831 PMCID: PMC10123399 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasticity in the brain is impacted by an individual's age at the onset of the blindness. However, what drives the varying degrees of plasticity remains largely unclear. One possible explanation attributes the mechanisms for the differing levels of plasticity to the cholinergic signals originating in the nucleus basalis of Meynert. This explanation is based on the fact that the nucleus basalis of Meynert can modulate cortical processes such as plasticity and sensory encoding through its widespread cholinergic projections. Nevertheless, there is no direct evidence indicating that the nucleus basalis of Meynert undergoes plastic changes following blindness. Therefore, using multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging, we examined if the structural and functional properties of the nucleus basalis of Meynert differ between early blind, late blind and sighted individuals. We observed that early and late blind individuals had a preserved volumetric size and cerebrovascular reactivity in the nucleus basalis of Meynert. However, we observed a reduction in the directionality of water diffusion in both early and late blind individuals compared to sighted individuals. Notably, the nucleus basalis of Meynert presented diverging patterns of functional connectivity between early and late blind individuals. This functional connectivity was enhanced at both global and local (visual, language and default-mode networks) levels in the early blind individuals, but there were little-to-no changes in the late blind individuals when compared to sighted controls. Furthermore, the age at onset of blindness predicted both global and local functional connectivity. These results suggest that upon reduced directionality of water diffusion in the nucleus basalis of Meynert, cholinergic influence may be stronger for the early blind compared to the late blind individuals. Our findings are important to unravelling why early blind individuals present stronger and more widespread cross-modal plasticity compared to late blind individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Won Bang
- Correspondence may also be addressed to: Ji Won Bang, PhD.
| | - Russell W Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY 10017, USA
| | - Carlos Parra
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY 10017, USA
| | - Matthew C Murphy
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Joel S Schuman
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY 10017, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Center for Neural Science, College of Arts and Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York, NY 11201, USA
| | - Amy C Nau
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Korb and Associates, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kevin C Chan
- Correspondence to: Kevin C. Chan, PhD, Departments of Ophthalmology and Radiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University. 222 E 41st Street, Room 362, New York, NY 10017, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang Y, Zhan M, Roebroeck A, De Weerd P, Kashyap S, Roberts MJ. Inconsistencies in atlas-based volumetric measures of the human nucleus basalis of Meynert: A need for high-resolution alternatives. Neuroimage 2022; 259:119421. [PMID: 35779763 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleus basalis of Meynert (nbM) is the major source of cortical acetylcholine (ACh) and has been related to cognitive processes and to neurological disorders. However, spatially delineating the human nbM in MRI studies remains challenging. Due to the absence of a functional localiser for the human nbM, studies to date have localised it using nearby neuroanatomical landmarks or using probabilistic atlases. To understand the feasibility of MRI of the nbM we set our four goals; our first goal was to review current human nbM region-of-interest (ROI) selection protocols used in MRI studies, which we found have reported highly variable nbM volume estimates. Our next goal was to quantify and discuss the limitations of existing atlas-based volumetry of nbM. We found that the identified ROI volume depends heavily on the atlas used and on the probabilistic threshold set. In addition, we found large disparities even for data/studies using the same atlas and threshold. To test whether spatial resolution contributes to volume variability, as our third goal, we developed a novel nbM mask based on the normalized BigBrain dataset. We found that as long as the spatial resolution of the target data was 1.3 mm isotropic or above, our novel nbM mask offered realistic and stable volume estimates. Finally, as our last goal we tried to discern nbM using publicly available and novel high resolution structural MRI ex vivo MRI datasets. We find that, using an optimised 9.4T quantitative T2⁎ ex vivo dataset, the nbM can be visualised using MRI. We conclude caution is needed when applying the current methods of mapping nbM, especially for high resolution MRI data. Direct imaging of the nbM appears feasible and would eliminate the problems we identify, although further development is required to allow such imaging using standard (f)MRI scanning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Wang
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
| | - Minye Zhan
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; U992 (Cognitive neuroimaging unit), NeuroSpin, INSERM-CEA, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Alard Roebroeck
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Peter De Weerd
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Sriranga Kashyap
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; Techna Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mark J Roberts
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Byun JI, Cha KS, Kim M, Lee WJ, Lee HS, Sunwoo JS, Shin JW, Kim TJ, Jun JS, Kim HJ, Shin WC, Schenck CH, Lee SK, Jung KY. Association of Nucleus Basalis of Meynert Functional Connectivity and Cognition in Idiopathic Rapid-Eye-Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder. J Clin Neurol 2022; 18:562-570. [PMID: 36062774 PMCID: PMC9444555 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2022.18.5.562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cognitive impairments are common in isolated rapid-eye-movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD), in which the cholinergic system may play an important role. This study aimed to characterize the cortical cholinergic activity using resting-state functional connectivity (FC) of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) according to the cognitive status of iRBD patients. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 33 patients with polysomnography-confirmed iRBD and 20 controls underwent neuropsychological evaluations and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Thirteen of the iRBD patients had mild cognitive impairment (iRBD-MCI), and the others were age-matched patients with normal cognition (iRBD-NC). The seed-to-voxel NBM-cortical FC was compared among the patients with iRBD-MCI, patients with iRBD-NC, and controls. Correlations between average values of significant clusters and cognitive function scores were calculated in the patients with iRBD. RESULTS There were group differences in the FC of the NBM with the left lateral occipital cortex and lingual gyrus (adjusted for age, sex, and education level). The strength of FC was lower in the iRBD-MCI group than in the iRBD-NC and control groups (each post-hoc p<0.001). The average NBM-lateral occipital cortex FC was positively correlated with the memory-domain score in iRBD patients. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained in this study support that cortical cholinergic activity is impaired in iRBD patients with MCI. FC between NBM and posterior regions may play a central role in the cognitive function of these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ick Byun
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Su Cha
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minah Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Han Sang Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun-Sang Sunwoo
- Department of Neurology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Won Shin
- Department of Neurology, CHA University, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Tae-Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jin-Sun Jun
- Department of Neurology, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han-Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Chul Shin
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Carlos H Schenck
- Minnesota Regional Sleep Disorders Center, and Department of Psychiatry, Hennepin County Medical Center and University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sang Kun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Ki-Young Jung
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Subcortical control of the default mode network: Role of the basal forebrain and implications for neuropsychiatric disorders. Brain Res Bull 2022; 185:129-139. [PMID: 35562013 PMCID: PMC9290753 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The precise interplay between large-scale functional neural systems throughout the brain is essential for performance of cognitive processes. In this review we focus on the default mode network (DMN), one such functional network that is active during periods of quiet wakefulness and believed to be involved in introspection and planning. Abnormalities in DMN functional connectivity and activation appear across many neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. Recent evidence suggests subcortical regions including the basal forebrain are functionally and structurally important for regulation of DMN activity. Within the basal forebrain, subregions like the ventral pallidum may influence DMN activity and the nucleus basalis of Meynert can inhibit switching between brain networks. Interactions between DMN and other functional networks including the medial frontoparietal network (default), lateral frontoparietal network (control), midcingulo-insular network (salience), and dorsal frontoparietal network (attention) are also discussed in the context of neuropsychiatric disorders. Several subtypes of basal forebrain neurons have been identified including basal forebrain parvalbumin-containing or somatostatin-containing neurons which can regulate cortical gamma band oscillations and DMN-like behaviors, and basal forebrain cholinergic neurons which might gate access to sensory information during reinforcement learning. In this review, we explore this evidence, discuss the clinical implications on neuropsychiatric disorders, and compare neuroanatomy in the human vs rodent DMN. Finally, we address technological advancements which could help provide a more complete understanding of modulation of DMN function and describe newly identified BF therapeutic targets that could potentially help restore DMN-associated functional deficits in patients with a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders.
Collapse
|
20
|
Sarpal DK, Blazer A, Wilson JD, Calabro FJ, Foran W, Kahn CE, Luna B, Chengappa KNR. Relationship between plasma clozapine/N-desmethylclozapine and changes in basal forebrain-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex coupling in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2022; 243:170-177. [PMID: 35381515 PMCID: PMC9189030 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Clozapine (CLZ) demonstrates a unique clinical efficacy relative to other antipsychotic drugs. Previous work has linked the plasma ratio of CLZ and its major metabolite, N-desmethylclozapine (NDMC), to an inverse relationship with cognition via putative action on the cholinergic system. However, neuroimaging correlates of CLZ/NDMC remain unknown. Here, we examined changes in basal forebrain functional connectivity with the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and secondly, cognition in relation to the CLZ/NDMC ratio. A cohort of nineteen chronically ill participants with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) undergoing 12 weeks of CLZ treatment were included. Measures of cognition and plasma CLZ/NDMC ratios were obtained in addition to resting-state functional neuroimaging scans, captured at baseline and after 12 weeks of CLZ treatment. We observed a significant correlation between basal forebrain-DLPFC connectivity and CLZ/NDMC ratios across CLZ treatment (p = 0.02). Consistent with previous findings, we also demonstrate a positive relationship between CLZ/NDMC ratio and working memory (p = 0.03). These findings may reflect the action of CLZ and NDMC on the muscarinic cholinergic system, highlighting a possible neural correlate of cognition across treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak K. Sarpal
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Annie Blazer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - James D. Wilson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Finnegan J. Calabro
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William Foran
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Charles E. Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - KN Roy Chengappa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jiang G, Feng Y, Li M, Wen H, Wang T, Shen Y, Chen Z, Li S. Distinct alterations of functional connectivity of the basal forebrain subregions in insomnia disorder. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1036997. [PMID: 36311494 PMCID: PMC9606586 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1036997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholinergic basal forebrain (BF) plays an important role in sleep-wake regulation and is implicated in cortical arousal and activation. However, less is known currently regarding the abnormal BF-related neuronal circuit in human patients with insomnia disorder (ID). In this study, we aimed to explore alterations of functional connectivity (FC) in subregions of the BF and the relationships between FC alterations and sleep and mood measures in ID. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and two ID patients and ninety-six healthy controls (HC) were included in this study. Each subject underwent both resting-state fMRI and high-resolution anatomical scanning. All participants completed the sleep and mood questionnaires in ID patients. Voxel-based resting-state FC in each BF subregion (Ch_123 and Ch_4) were computed. For the voxel-wise FC differences between groups, a two-sample t-test was performed on the individual maps in a voxel-by-voxel manner. To examine linear relationships with sleep and mood measures, Pearson correlations were calculated between FC alterations and sleep and mood measures, respectively. RESULTS The ID group showed significantly decreased FC between the medial superior frontal gyrus and Ch_123 compared to HC. However, increased FC between the midbrain and Ch_4 was found in ID based on the voxel-wise analysis. The correlation analysis only revealed that the altered FC between the midbrain with Ch_4 was significantly negatively correlated with the self-rating anxiety scale. CONCLUSION Our findings of decreased FC between Ch_123 and medial superior frontal gyrus and increased FC between midbrain and Ch4 suggest distinct roles of subregions of BF underlying the neurobiology of ID.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Jiang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Wen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianyue Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanan Shen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ziwei Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shumei Li
- Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Harrison BJ, Davey CG, Savage HS, Jamieson AJ, Leonards CA, Moffat BA, Glarin RK, Steward T. Dynamic Subcortical Modulators of Human Default Mode Network Function. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:4345-4355. [PMID: 34974620 PMCID: PMC9528899 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain’s “default mode network” (DMN) enables flexible switching between internally and externally focused cognition. Precisely how this modulation occurs is not well understood, although it may involve key subcortical mechanisms, including hypothesized influences from the basal forebrain (BF) and mediodorsal thalamus (MD). Here, we used ultra-high field (7 T) functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine the involvement of the BF and MD across states of task-induced DMN activity modulation. Specifically, we mapped DMN activity suppression (“deactivation”) when participants transitioned between rest and externally focused task performance, as well as DMN activity engagement (“activation”) when task performance was internally (i.e., self) focused. Consistent with recent rodent studies, the BF showed overall activity suppression with DMN cortical regions when comparing the rest to external task conditions. Further analyses, including dynamic causal modeling, confirmed that the BF drove changes in DMN cortical activity during these rest-to-task transitions. The MD, by comparison, was specifically engaged during internally focused cognition and demonstrated a broad excitatory influence on DMN cortical activation. These results provide the first direct evidence in humans of distinct BF and thalamic circuit influences on the control of DMN function and suggest novel mechanistic avenues for ongoing translational research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben J Harrison
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Christopher G Davey
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Hannah S Savage
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Alec J Jamieson
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Christine A Leonards
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Bradford A Moffat
- Melbourne Brain Centre Imaging Unit, Department of Radiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Rebecca K Glarin
- Melbourne Brain Centre Imaging Unit, Department of Radiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Trevor Steward
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
The relationship between cholinergic system brain structure and function in healthy adults and patients with mild cognitive impairment. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16080. [PMID: 34373525 PMCID: PMC8352991 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95573-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed the structure-function relationship of the human cholinergic system and hypothesized that structural measures are associated with short-latency sensory afferent inhibition (SAI), an electrophysiological measure of central cholinergic signal transmission. Healthy volunteers (n = 36) and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 20) underwent median nerve SAI and 3T structural MRI to determine the volume of the basal forebrain and the thalamus. Patients with MCI had smaller basal forebrain (p < 0.001) or thalamus volumes (p < 0.001) than healthy volunteers. Healthy SAI responders (> 10% SAI) had more basal forebrain volume than non-responders (p = 0.004) or patients with MCI (p < 0.001). More basal forebrain volume was associated with stronger SAI in healthy volunteers (r = 0.33, p < 0.05) but not patients with MCI. There was no significant relationship between thalamus volumes and SAI. Basal forebrain volume is associated with cholinergic function (SAI) in healthy volunteers but not in MCI patients. The in-vivo investigation of the structure-function relationship could further our understanding of the human cholinergic system in patients with suspected or known cholinergic system degeneration.
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhang Z, Luh WM, Duan W, Zhou GD, Weinschenk G, Anderson AK, Dai W. Longitudinal effects of meditation on brain resting-state functional connectivity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11361. [PMID: 34059702 PMCID: PMC8166909 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90729-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in brain resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) were investigated using a longitudinal design by following a 2-month focused attention meditation (FAM) practice and analyzing their association with FAM practice time. Ten novice meditators were recruited from a university meditation course. Participants were scanned with a resting-state fMRI sequence with multi-echo EPI acquisition at baseline and at the 2-month follow-up. Total FAM practice time was calculated from the daily log of the participants. We observed significantly increased rsFC between the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and dorsal attention network (DAN), the right middle temporal (RMT) region and default mode network (DMN), the left and right superior parietal lobules (LSPL/RSPL) and DMN, and the LSPL/RSPL and DAN. Furthermore, the rsFC between the LSPL and medial prefrontal cortex was significantly associated with the FAM practice time. These results demonstrate increased connectivity within the DAN, between the DMN and DAN, and between the DMN and visual cortex. These findings demonstrate that FAM can enhance the brain connection among and within brain networks, especially DMN and DAN, indicating potential effect of FAM on fast switching between mind wandering and focused attention and maintaining attention once in the attentive state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zongpai Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, State University of New York at Binghamton, 4400 Vestal Pkwy E, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Wen-Ming Luh
- National Institute on Aging, National Institute of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21225, USA
| | - Wenna Duan
- Department of Computer Science, State University of New York at Binghamton, 4400 Vestal Pkwy E, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Grace D Zhou
- Department of Human Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - George Weinschenk
- Department of Computer Science, State University of New York at Binghamton, 4400 Vestal Pkwy E, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Adam K Anderson
- Department of Human Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Weiying Dai
- Department of Computer Science, State University of New York at Binghamton, 4400 Vestal Pkwy E, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Turker HB, Riley E, Luh WM, Colcombe SJ, Swallow KM. Estimates of locus coeruleus function with functional magnetic resonance imaging are influenced by localization approaches and the use of multi-echo data. Neuroimage 2021; 236:118047. [PMID: 33905860 PMCID: PMC8517932 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The locus coeruleus (LC) plays a central role in regulating human cognition, arousal, and autonomic states. Efforts to characterize the LC’s function in humans using functional magnetic resonance imaging have been hampered by its small size and location near a large source of noise, the fourth ventricle. We tested whether the ability to characterize LC function is improved by employing neuromelanin-T1 weighted images (nmT1) for LC localization and multi-echo functional magnetic resonance imaging (ME-fMRI) for estimating intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC). Analyses indicated that, relative to a probabilistic atlas, utilizing nmT1 images to individually localize the LC increases the specificity of seed time series and clusters in the iFC maps. When combined with independent components analysis (ME-ICA), ME-fMRI data provided significant improvements in the temporal signal to noise ratio and DVARS relative to denoised single echo data (1E-fMRI). The effects of acquiring nmT1 images and ME-fMRI data did not appear to only reflect increases in power: iFC maps for each approach overlapped only moderately. This is consistent with findings that ME-fMRI offers substantial advantages over 1E-fMRI acquisition and denoising. It also suggests that individually identifying LC with nmT1 scans is likely to reduce the influence of other nearby brainstem regions on estimates of LC function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid B Turker
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, 211 Uris Hall, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Riley
- Department of Human Development, Cornell University, 163 Human Ecology Building, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Wen-Ming Luh
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 3001 S Hanover St, Baltimore, MD 21225, USA.
| | - Stan J Colcombe
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Rd. Orangeburg, NY. 10962.
| | - Khena M Swallow
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, 211 Uris Hall, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Moia S, Termenon M, Uruñuela E, Chen G, Stickland RC, Bright MG, Caballero-Gaudes C. ICA-based denoising strategies in breath-hold induced cerebrovascular reactivity mapping with multi echo BOLD fMRI. Neuroimage 2021; 233:117914. [PMID: 33684602 PMCID: PMC8351526 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Performing a BOLD functional MRI (fMRI) acquisition during breath-hold (BH) tasks is a non-invasive, robust method to estimate cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR). However, movement and breathing-related artefacts caused by the BH can substantially hinder CVR estimates due to their high temporal collinearity with the effect of interest, and attention has to be paid when choosing which analysis model should be applied to the data. In this study, we evaluate the performance of multiple analysis strategies based on lagged general linear models applied on multi-echo BOLD fMRI data, acquired in ten subjects performing a BH task during ten sessions, to obtain subject-specific CVR and haemodynamic lag estimates. The evaluated approaches range from conventional regression models, i.e. including drifts and motion timecourses as nuisance regressors, applied on single-echo or optimally-combined data, to more complex models including regressors obtained from multi-echo independent component analysis with different grades of orthogonalization in order to preserve the effect of interest, i.e. the CVR. We compare these models in terms of their ability to make signal intensity changes independent from motion, as well as the reliability as measured by voxelwise intraclass correlation coefficients of both CVR and lag maps over time. Our results reveal that a conservative independent component analysis model applied on the optimally-combined multi-echo fMRI signal offers the largest reduction of motion-related effects in the signal, while yielding reliable CVR amplitude and lag estimates, although a conventional regression model applied on the optimally-combined data results in similar estimates. This work demonstrates the usefulness of multi-echo based fMRI acquisitions and independent component analysis denoising for precision mapping of CVR in single subjects based on BH paradigms, fostering its potential as a clinically-viable neuroimaging tool for individual patients. It also proves that the way in which data-driven regressors should be incorporated in the analysis model is not straight-forward due to their complex interaction with the BH-induced BOLD response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Moia
- Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, Donostia, Spain; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia, Spain.
| | - Maite Termenon
- Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, Donostia, Spain
| | - Eneko Uruñuela
- Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, Donostia, Spain; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia, Spain
| | - Gang Chen
- Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, NIMH/NIH/HHS, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Rachael C Stickland
- Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Molly G Bright
- Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States; Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chen YS, Shu K, Kang HC. Deep Brain Stimulation in Alzheimer's Disease: Targeting the Nucleus Basalis of Meynert. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:53-70. [PMID: 33492288 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is becoming a prevalent disease in the elderly population. Past decades have witnessed the development of drug therapies with varying targets. However, all drugs with a single molecular target fail to reverse or ameliorate AD progression, which ultimately results in cortical and subcortical network dysregulation. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been proven effective for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and other neurological diseases. As such, DBS has also been gradually acknowledged as a potential therapy for AD. The current review focuses on DBS of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM). As a critical component of the cerebral cholinergic system and the Papez circuit in the basal ganglia, the NBM plays an indispensable role in the subcortical regulation of memory, attention, and arousal state, which makes the NBM a promising target for modulation of neural network dysfunction and AD treatment. We summarized the intricate projection relations and functionality of the NBM, current approaches for stereotactic localization and evaluation of the NBM, and the therapeutic effects of NBM-DBS both in patients and animal models. Furthermore, the current shortcomings of NBM-DBS, such as variations in cortical blood flow, increased temperature in the target area, and stimulation-related neural damage, were presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Si Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kai Shu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hui-Cong Kang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Schumacher J, Thomas AJ, Peraza LR, Firbank M, O’Brien JT, Taylor JP. Functional connectivity of the nucleus basalis of Meynert in Lewy body dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Int Psychogeriatr 2021; 33:89-94. [PMID: 33413710 PMCID: PMC8482375 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610220003944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cholinergic deficits are a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Lewy body dementia (LBD). The nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) provides the major source of cortical cholinergic input; studying its functional connectivity might, therefore, provide a tool for probing the cholinergic system and its degeneration in neurodegenerative diseases. Forty-six LBD patients, 29 AD patients, and 31 healthy age-matched controls underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). A seed-based analysis was applied with seeds in the left and right NBM to assess functional connectivity between the NBM and the rest of the brain. We found a shift from anticorrelation in controls to positive correlations in LBD between the right/left NBM and clusters in right/left occipital cortex. Our results indicate that there is an imbalance in functional connectivity between the NBM and primary visual areas in LBD, which provides new insights into alterations within a part of the corticopetal cholinergic system that go beyond structural changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schumacher
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Alan J. Thomas
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | - Michael Firbank
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - John T. O’Brien
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John-Paul Taylor
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Spatial topography of the basal forebrain cholinergic projections: Organization and vulnerability to degeneration. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2021; 179:159-173. [PMID: 34225960 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819975-6.00008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic system constitutes a heterogeneous cluster of large projection neurons that innervate the entire cortical mantle and amygdala. Cholinergic neuromodulation plays a critical role in regulating cognition and behavior, as well as maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Decades of postmortem histology research have demonstrated that the BF cholinergic neurons are selectively vulnerable to aging and age-related neuropathology in degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Emerging evidence from in vivo neuroimaging research, which permits longitudinal tracking of at-risk individuals, indicates that cholinergic neurodegeneration might play an earlier and more pivotal role in these diseases than was previously appreciated. Despite these advances, our understanding of the organization and functions of the BF cholinergic system mostly derives from nonhuman animal research. In this chapter, we begin with a review of the topographical organization of the BF cholinergic system in rodent and nonhuman primate models. We then discuss basic and clinical neuroscience research in humans, which has started to translate and extend the nonhuman animal research using novel noninvasive neuroimaging techniques. We focus on converging evidence indicating that the selective vulnerability of cholinergic neurons in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases is expressed along a rostral-caudal topography in the BF. We close with a discussion of why this topography of vulnerability in the BF may occur and why it is relevant to the clinician.
Collapse
|
30
|
Ma X, Fu S, Yin Y, Wu Y, Wang T, Xu G, Liu M, Xu Y, Tian J, Jiang G. Aberrant Functional Connectivity of Basal Forebrain Subregions with Cholinergic System in Short-term and Chronic Insomnia Disorder. J Affect Disord 2021; 278:481-487. [PMID: 33011526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To systematically investigate structural and functional abnormalities in subregions of the basal forebrain (BF) using structural and resting-state fMRI, and to examine their clinical relevance in short-term and chronic insomnia disorder (ID). METHODS Thirty-four patients with short-term ID, 41 patients with chronic ID, and 46 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. Grey matter volume and seed-based resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) in each BF subregion (Ch1,2,3 and 4) were computed and compared among the three groups. Spearman correlation was used to estimate the relationships between MRI-based alterations and clinical variables. RESULTS The short-term group exhibited lower RSFC with the bilateral striatum and bilateral Ch_4 than HCs and the chronic group. In the left Ch_4, subjects in the chronic group exhibited lower RSFC with the left middle cingulate cortex than HCs and the short-term group. The short-term group exhibited lower RSFC with the left parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) than HCs and the chronic group. The chronic group exhibited the highest RSFC with the left middle frontal gyrus (MFG), followed by HCs and the short-term group. In the right Ch_4, the chronic group exhibited the lowest RSFC with the right superior temporal gyrus, followed by HCs and the short-term group. Moreover, in the short-term group, negative correlations were found between the left Ch_4 and left MFG RSFC and Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the Ch_4 may be a key node for establishing diagnostic and categorical biomarkers of ID, which could be useful in developing more effective treatment strategies for insomnia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofen Ma
- Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, No.466 Road XinGang, Guangzhou, 510317, P. R. China
| | - Shishun Fu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, No.466 Road XinGang, Guangzhou, 510317, P. R. China
| | - Yi Yin
- Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, No.466 Road XinGang, Guangzhou, 510317, P. R. China
| | - Yunfan Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, No.466 Road XinGang, Guangzhou, 510317, P. R. China
| | - Tianyue Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, No.466 Road XinGang, Guangzhou, 510317, P. R. China
| | - Guang Xu
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, No.466 Road XinGang, Guangzhou, 510317, P. R. China
| | - Mengchen Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, No.466 Road XinGang, Guangzhou, 510317, P. R. China
| | - Yikai Xu
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medial University, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Junzhang Tian
- Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, No.466 Road XinGang, Guangzhou, 510317, P. R. China.
| | - Guihua Jiang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, No.466 Road XinGang, Guangzhou, 510317, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Optogenetic Stimulation of Basal Forebrain Parvalbumin Neurons Activates the Default Mode Network and Associated Behaviors. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108359. [PMID: 33176133 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the basal forebrain (BF) has been associated with increased attention, arousal, and a heightened cortical representation of the external world. In addition, BF has been implicated in the regulation of the default mode network (DMN) and associated behaviors. Here, we provide causal evidence for a role of BF in DMN regulation, highlighting a prominent role of parvalbumin (PV) GABAergic neurons. The optogenetic activation of BF PV neurons reliably drives animals toward DMN-like behaviors, with no effect on memory encoding. In contrast, BF electrical stimulation enhances memory performance and increases DMN-like behaviors. BF stimulation has a correlated impact on peptide regulation in the BF and ACC, enhancing peptides linked to grooming behavior and memory functions, supporting a crucial role of the BF in DMN regulation. We suggest that in addition to enhancing attentional functions, the BF harbors a network encompassing PV GABAergic neurons that promotes self-directed behaviors associated with the DMN.
Collapse
|
32
|
Cheng H, Zhu H, Zheng Q, Liu J, He G. Functional parcellation of the hippocampus by semi-supervised clustering of resting state fMRI data. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16402. [PMID: 33009447 PMCID: PMC7532162 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73328-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many unsupervised methods are widely used for parcellating the brain. However, unsupervised methods aren’t able to integrate prior information, obtained from such as exiting functional neuroanatomy studies, to parcellate the brain, whereas the prior information guided semi-supervised method can generate more reliable brain parcellation. In this study, we propose a novel semi-supervised clustering method for parcellating the brain into spatially and functionally consistent parcels based on resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. Particularly, the prior supervised and spatial information is integrated into spectral clustering to achieve reliable brain parcellation. The proposed method has been validated in the hippocampus parcellation based on resting state fMRI data of 20 healthy adult subjects. The experimental results have demonstrated that the proposed method could successfully parcellate the hippocampus into head, body and tail parcels. The distinctive functional connectivity patterns of these parcels have further demonstrated the validity of the parcellation results. The effects of aging on the three hippocampus parcels’ functional connectivity were also explored across the healthy adult subjects. Compared with state-of-the-art methods, the proposed method had better performance on functional homogeneity. Furthermore, the proposed method had good test–retest reproducibility validated by parcellating the hippocampus based on three repeated resting state fMRI scans from 24 healthy adult subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hewei Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Bioinformatics, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Medical Electronics and Information Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, China.,Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Digital Medical Equipment and Systems, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, China
| | - Hancan Zhu
- College of Mathematics Physics and Information, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- School of Computer and Control Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Research Institute of Education Development, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, China.
| | - Guanghua He
- College of International Finance and Trade, Zhejiang Yuexiu University of Foreign Languages, Shaoxing, 312000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Dávila G, Moyano MP, Edelkraut L, Moreno-Campos L, Berthier ML, Torres-Prioris MJ, López-Barroso D. Pharmacotherapy of Traumatic Childhood Aphasia: Beneficial Effects of Donepezil Alone and Combined With Intensive Naming Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1144. [PMID: 32848757 PMCID: PMC7411310 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, language therapy is the only available treatment for childhood aphasia (CA). Studying new interventions to augment and hasten the benefits provided by language therapy in children is strongly needed. CA frequently emerges as a consequence of traumatic brain injury and, as in the case of adults, it may be associated with dysfunctional activity of neurotransmitter systems. The use of cognitive-enhancing drugs, alone or combined with aphasia therapy, promotes improvement of language deficits in aphasic adults. In this study we report the case of a 9-year-old right-handed girl, subject P, who had chronic anomic aphasia associated with traumatic lesions in the left temporal-parietal cortex. We performed a single-subject, open-label study encompassing administration of the cholinergic agent donepezil (DP) alone during 12 weeks, followed by a combination of DP and intensive naming therapy (INT) for 2 weeks and thereafter by a continued treatment of DP alone during 12 weeks, a 4-week washout period, and another 2 weeks of INT. Four comprehensive language and neuropsychological evaluations were performed at different timepoints along the study, and multiple naming evaluations were performed after each INT in order to assess performance in treated and untreated words. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed at baseline. MRI revealed two focal lesions in the left hemisphere, one large involving the posterior inferior and middle temporal gyri and another comprising the angular gyrus. Overall, baseline evaluation disclosed marked impairment in naming with mild-to-moderate compromise of spontaneous speech, repetition, and auditory comprehension. Executive and attention functions were also affected, but memory, visuoconstructive, and visuoperceptive functions were preserved. Treatment with DP alone significantly improved spontaneous speech, auditory comprehension, repetition, and picture naming, in addition to processing speed, selective, and sustained attention. Combined DP-INT further improved naming. After washout of both interventions, most of these beneficial changes remained. Importantly, DP produced no side effects and subject P attained the necessary level of language competence to return to regular schooling. In conclusion, the use of DP alone and in combination with INT improved language function and related cognitive posttraumatic deficits in a child with acquired aphasia. Further studies in larger samples are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Dávila
- Cognitive Neurology and Aphasia Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga - IBIMA, Málaga, Spain.,Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.,Language Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - María Pilar Moyano
- Cognitive Neurology and Aphasia Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Lisa Edelkraut
- Cognitive Neurology and Aphasia Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga - IBIMA, Málaga, Spain.,Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.,Language Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Lorena Moreno-Campos
- Cognitive Neurology and Aphasia Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Marcelo L Berthier
- Cognitive Neurology and Aphasia Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga - IBIMA, Málaga, Spain.,Language Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - María José Torres-Prioris
- Cognitive Neurology and Aphasia Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga - IBIMA, Málaga, Spain.,Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.,Language Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Diana López-Barroso
- Cognitive Neurology and Aphasia Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga - IBIMA, Málaga, Spain.,Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.,Language Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Englot DJ, Morgan VL, Chang C. Impaired vigilance networks in temporal lobe epilepsy: Mechanisms and clinical implications. Epilepsia 2020; 61:189-202. [PMID: 31901182 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) is a neurological disorder in which patients suffer from frequent consciousness-impairing seizures, broad neurocognitive deficits, and diminished quality of life. Although seizures in mTLE originate focally in the hippocampus or amygdala, mTLE patients demonstrate cognitive deficits that extend beyond temporal lobe function-such as decline in executive function, cognitive processing speed, and attention-as well as diffuse decreases in neocortical metabolism and functional connectivity. Given prior observations that mTLE patients exhibit impairments in vigilance, and that seizures may disrupt the activity and long-range connectivity of subcortical brain structures involved in vigilance regulation, we propose that subcortical activating networks underlying vigilance play a critical role in mediating the widespread neural and cognitive effects of focal mTLE. Here, we review evidence for impaired vigilance in mTLE, examine clinical implications and potential network underpinnings, and suggest neuroimaging strategies for determining the relationship between vigilance, brain connectivity, and neurocognition in patients and healthy controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dario J Englot
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Victoria L Morgan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Catie Chang
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Iyer A, Tole S. Neuronal diversity and reciprocal connectivity between the vertebrate hippocampus and septum. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2019; 9:e370. [PMID: 31850675 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A hallmark of the nervous system is the precision with which myriad cell types are integrated into functional networks that control complex behaviors. The limbic system governs evolutionarily conserved processes essential for survival. The septum and the hippocampus are central to the limbic system, and control not only emotion-related behaviors but also learning and memory. Here, we provide a developmental and evolutionary perspective of the hippocampus and septum and highlight the neuronal diversity and circuitry that connects these two central components of the limbic system. This article is categorized under: Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: Regional Development Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: General Principles Comparative Development and Evolution > Regulation of Organ Diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Archana Iyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Shubha Tole
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Khalighinejad N, Bongioanni A, Verhagen L, Folloni D, Attali D, Aubry JF, Sallet J, Rushworth MFS. A Basal Forebrain-Cingulate Circuit in Macaques Decides It Is Time to Act. Neuron 2019; 105:370-384.e8. [PMID: 31813653 PMCID: PMC6975166 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The medial frontal cortex has been linked to voluntary action, but an explanation of why decisions to act emerge at particular points in time has been lacking. We show that, in macaques, decisions about whether and when to act are predicted by a set of features defining the animal’s current and past context; for example, respectively, cues indicating the current average rate of reward and recent previous voluntary action decisions. We show that activity in two brain areas—the anterior cingulate cortex and basal forebrain—tracks these contextual factors and mediates their effects on behavior in distinct ways. We use focused transcranial ultrasound to selectively and effectively stimulate deep in the brain, even as deep as the basal forebrain, and demonstrate that alteration of activity in the two areas changes decisions about when to act. Likelihood and timing of voluntary action in macaques can be partially predicted Recent experience and present context influence when voluntary action occurs A basal forebrain-cingulate circuit mediated effects of these factors on behavior Stimulation of this circuit by ultrasound changed decisions about when to act
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nima Khalighinejad
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SR, UK.
| | - Alessandro Bongioanni
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SR, UK
| | - Lennart Verhagen
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SR, UK; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen 6525 XZ, the Netherlands
| | - Davide Folloni
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SR, UK
| | - David Attali
- Physics for Medicine Paris, INSERM U1273, ESPCI Paris, CNRS FRE 2031, PSL Research University, Paris 75012, France; Pathophysiology of Psychiatric Disorders Laboratory, Inserm U1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Paris Descartes University, Paris University, Paris 75014, France; Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, Sainte-Anne Hospital, UGH Paris Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Paris 75014, France
| | - Jean-Francois Aubry
- Physics for Medicine Paris, INSERM U1273, ESPCI Paris, CNRS FRE 2031, PSL Research University, Paris 75012, France
| | - Jerome Sallet
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SR, UK
| | - Matthew F S Rushworth
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SR, UK
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Alves PN, Foulon C, Karolis V, Bzdok D, Margulies DS, Volle E, Thiebaut de Schotten M. An improved neuroanatomical model of the default-mode network reconciles previous neuroimaging and neuropathological findings. Commun Biol 2019; 2:370. [PMID: 31633061 PMCID: PMC6787009 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0611-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain is constituted of multiple networks of functionally correlated brain areas, out of which the default-mode network (DMN) is the largest. Most existing research into the DMN has taken a corticocentric approach. Despite its resemblance with the unitary model of the limbic system, the contribution of subcortical structures to the DMN may be underappreciated. Here, we propose a more comprehensive neuroanatomical model of the DMN including subcortical structures such as the basal forebrain, cholinergic nuclei, anterior and mediodorsal thalamic nuclei. Additionally, tractography of diffusion-weighted imaging was employed to explore the structural connectivity, which revealed that the thalamus and basal forebrain are of central importance for the functioning of the DMN. The contribution of these neurochemically diverse brain nuclei reconciles previous neuroimaging with neuropathological findings in diseased brains and offers the potential for identifying a conserved homologue of the DMN in other mammalian species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Nascimento Alves
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Laboratory, BCBlab, Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France
- Frontlab, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), UPMC UMRS 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225 Paris, France
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, CHULN, Lisbon, Portugal
- Language Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Chris Foulon
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Laboratory, BCBlab, Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France
- Frontlab, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), UPMC UMRS 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225 Paris, France
- Computational Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Diagnostic Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, TX USA
| | - Vyacheslav Karolis
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Laboratory, BCBlab, Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France
- Frontlab, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), UPMC UMRS 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225 Paris, France
- FMRIB centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Danilo Bzdok
- INRIA, Parietal Team, Saclay, France
- Neurospin, CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- JARA-BRAIN, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Jülich, Germany
| | - Daniel S. Margulies
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Laboratory, BCBlab, Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France
- Frontlab, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), UPMC UMRS 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Volle
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Laboratory, BCBlab, Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France
- Frontlab, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), UPMC UMRS 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225 Paris, France
| | - Michel Thiebaut de Schotten
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Laboratory, BCBlab, Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France
- Frontlab, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), UPMC UMRS 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225 Paris, France
- Centre de Neuroimagerie de Recherche CENIR, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Groupe d’Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives-UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
van den Brink RL, Pfeffer T, Donner TH. Brainstem Modulation of Large-Scale Intrinsic Cortical Activity Correlations. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:340. [PMID: 31649516 PMCID: PMC6794422 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain activity fluctuates continuously, even in the absence of changes in sensory input or motor output. These intrinsic activity fluctuations are correlated across brain regions and are spatially organized in macroscale networks. Variations in the strength, topography, and topology of correlated activity occur over time, and unfold upon a backbone of long-range anatomical connections. Subcortical neuromodulatory systems send widespread ascending projections to the cortex, and are thus ideally situated to shape the temporal and spatial structure of intrinsic correlations. These systems are also the targets of the pharmacological treatment of major neurological and psychiatric disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, depression, and schizophrenia. Here, we review recent work that has investigated how neuromodulatory systems shape correlations of intrinsic fluctuations of large-scale cortical activity. We discuss studies in the human, monkey, and rodent brain, with a focus on non-invasive recordings of human brain activity. We provide a structured but selective overview of this work and distil a number of emerging principles. Future efforts to chart the effect of specific neuromodulators and, in particular, specific receptors, on intrinsic correlations may help identify shared or antagonistic principles between different neuromodulatory systems. Such principles can inform models of healthy brain function and may provide an important reference for understanding altered cortical dynamics that are evident in neurological and psychiatric disorders, potentially paving the way for mechanistically inspired biomarkers and individualized treatments of these disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R. L. van den Brink
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - T. Pfeffer
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - T. H. Donner
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Center for Brain and Cognition, Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
The brain’s default network: updated anatomy, physiology and evolving insights. Nat Rev Neurosci 2019; 20:593-608. [DOI: 10.1038/s41583-019-0212-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 421] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
40
|
Sil’kis IG. Possible Mechanisms of the Complex Effects of Acetylcholine on Theta Activity, Learning, and Memory. NEUROCHEM J+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712419020119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
41
|
Shine JM. Neuromodulatory Influences on Integration and Segregation in the Brain. Trends Cogn Sci 2019; 23:572-583. [PMID: 31076192 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive function relies on the dynamic cooperation of specialized regions of the brain; however, the elements of the system responsible for coordinating this interaction remain poorly understood. In this Opinion article I argue that this capacity is mediated in part by competitive and cooperative dynamic interactions between two prominent metabotropic neuromodulatory systems - the cholinergic basal forebrain and the noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC). I assert that activity in these projection nuclei regulates the amount of segregation and integration within the whole brain network by modulating the activity of a diverse set of specialized regions of the brain on a timescale relevant for cognition and attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James M Shine
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Fritz HJ, Ray N, Dyrba M, Sorg C, Teipel S, Grothe MJ. The corticotopic organization of the human basal forebrain as revealed by regionally selective functional connectivity profiles. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:868-878. [PMID: 30311315 PMCID: PMC6865372 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The cholinergic basal forebrain (CBF), comprising different groups of cortically projecting cholinergic neurons, plays a crucial role in higher cognitive processes and has been implicated in diverse neuropsychiatric disorders. A distinct corticotopic organization of CBF projections has been revealed in animal studies, but little is known about their organization in the human brain. We explored regional differences in functional connectivity (FC) profiles within the human CBF by applying a clustering approach to resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data of healthy adult individuals (N = 85; 19-85 years). We further examined effects of age on FC of the identified CBF clusters and assessed the reproducibility of cluster-specific FC profiles in independent data from healthy older individuals (N = 25; 65-89 years). Results showed that the human CBF is functionally organized into distinct anterior-medial and posterior-lateral subdivisions that largely follow anatomically defined boundaries of the medial septum/diagonal band and nucleus basalis Meynert. The anterior-medial CBF subdivision was characterized by connectivity with the hippocampus and interconnected nodes of an extended medial cortical memory network, whereas the posterior-lateral subdivision was specifically connected to anterior insula and dorsal anterior cingulate components of a salience/attention network. FC of both CBF subdivisions declined with increasing age, but the overall topography of subregion-specific FC profiles was reproduced in independent rs-fMRI data of healthy older individuals acquired in a typical clinical setting. Rs-fMRI-based assessments of subregion-specific CBF function may complement established volumetric approaches for the in vivo study of CBF involvement in neuropsychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans‐Christian J. Fritz
- Clinical Dementia Research SectionGerman Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)RostockGermany
- Department of Psychosomatic and Psychotherapeutic MedicineRostock University Medical CenterRostockGermany
| | - Nicola Ray
- Department of PsychologyManchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUK
| | - Martin Dyrba
- Clinical Dementia Research SectionGerman Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)RostockGermany
| | - Christian Sorg
- Departments of Neuroradiology and Psychiatry, TUM‐Neuroimaging Center of Klinikum rechts der IsarTechnische Universität München TUMMunichGermany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- Clinical Dementia Research SectionGerman Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)RostockGermany
- Department of Psychosomatic and Psychotherapeutic MedicineRostock University Medical CenterRostockGermany
| | - Michel J. Grothe
- Clinical Dementia Research SectionGerman Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)RostockGermany
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Gottshall JL, Adams ZM, Forgacs PB, Schiff ND. Daytime Central Thalamic Deep Brain Stimulation Modulates Sleep Dynamics in the Severely Injured Brain: Mechanistic Insights and a Novel Framework for Alpha-Delta Sleep Generation. Front Neurol 2019; 10:20. [PMID: 30778326 PMCID: PMC6369150 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of organized sleep electrophysiology is a characteristic finding following severe brain injury. The return of structured elements of sleep architecture has been associated with positive prognosis across injury etiologies, suggesting a role for sleep dynamics as biomarkers of wakeful neuronal circuit function. In a continuing study of one minimally conscious state patient studied over the course of ~8½ years, we sought to investigate whether changes in daytime brain activation induced by central thalamic deep brain stimulation (CT-DBS) influenced sleep electrophysiology. In this patient subject, we previously reported significant improvements in sleep electrophysiology during 5½ years of CT-DBS treatment, including increased sleep spindle frequency and SWS delta power. We now present novel findings that many of these improvements in sleep electrophysiology regress following CT-DBS discontinuation; these regressions in sleep features correlate with a significant decrease in behavioral responsiveness. We also observe the re-emergence of alpha-delta sleep, which had been previously suppressed by daytime CT-DBS in this patient subject. Importantly, CT-DBS was only active during the daytime and has been proposed to mediate recovery of consciousness by driving synaptic activity across frontostriatal systems through the enhancement of thalamocortical output. Accordingly, the improvement of sleep dynamics during daytime CT-DBS and their subsequent regression following CT-DBS discontinuation implicates wakeful synaptic activity as a robust modulator of sleep electrophysiology. We interpret these findings in the context of the “synaptic homeostasis hypothesis,” whereby we propose that daytime upregulation of thalamocortical output in the severely injured brain may facilitate organized frontocortical circuit activation and yield net synaptic potentiation during wakefulness, providing a homeostatic drive that reconstitutes sleep dynamics over time. Furthermore, we consider common large-scale network dynamics across several neuropsychiatric disorders in which alpha-delta sleep has been documented, allowing us to formulate a novel mechanistic framework for alpha-delta sleep generation. We conclude that the bi-directional modulation of sleep electrophysiology by daytime thalamocortical activity in the severely injured brain: (1) emphasizes the cyclical carry-over effects of state-dependent circuit activation on large-scale brain dynamics, and (2) further implicates sleep electrophysiology as a sensitive indicator of wakeful brain activation and covert functional recovery in the severely injured brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jackie L Gottshall
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Zoe M Adams
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Peter B Forgacs
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,Rockefeller University Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nicholas D Schiff
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,Rockefeller University Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Gargouri F, Gallea C, Mongin M, Pyatigorskaya N, Valabregue R, Ewenczyk C, Sarazin M, Yahia-Cherif L, Vidailhet M, Lehéricy S. Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging investigation of basal forebrain damage and cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2018; 34:516-525. [PMID: 30536444 PMCID: PMC6590238 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease (PD) may result from damage in the cortex as well as in the dopaminergic, noradrenergic, and cholinergic inputs to the cortex. Cholinergic inputs to the cortex mainly originate from the basal forebrain and are clustered in several regions, called Ch1 to Ch4, that project to the hippocampus (Ch1‐2), the olfactory bulb (Ch3), and the cortex and amygdala (Ch4). Objective We investigated changes in basal forebrain and their role in cognitive deficits in PD. Methods We studied 52 nondemented patients with PD (Hoehn & Yahr 1‐2) and 25 age‐matched healthy controls using diffusion and resting state functional MRI. Results PD patients had a loss of structural integrity within the Ch1‐2 and Ch3‐4 nuclei of the basal forebrain as well as in the fornix. Tractography showed that the probability of anatomical connection was decreased in PD between Ch3‐4 and the associative prefrontal cortex, occipital cortex, and peri‐insular regions. There was a reduction in functional connectivity between Ch1‐2 and the bilateral hippocampi and parahippocampal gyri, the left middle and superior temporal gyri, and the left fusiform gyrus and between Ch3‐4 and the right inferior frontal gyrus and the right and left thalamus. In Ch1‐2, loss of structural integrity and connectivity correlated with scores at the memory tests, whereas changes in Ch3‐4 correlated with scores of global cognition and executive functions. Conclusion This study highlights the association between deficits of different cholinergic nuclei of the basal forebrain and the extent of cognitive impairments in nondemented PD patients. © 2018 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Gargouri
- Brain and Spine Institute - ICM, Center for NeuroImaging Research - CENIR, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, University Pierre and Marie Curie Paris 06, Inserm U1127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7225, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Gallea
- Brain and Spine Institute - ICM, Center for NeuroImaging Research - CENIR, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, University Pierre and Marie Curie Paris 06, Inserm U1127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7225, Paris, France.,Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Team Movement Investigation and Therapeutics, Paris, France
| | - Marie Mongin
- Brain and Spine Institute - ICM, Center for NeuroImaging Research - CENIR, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, University Pierre and Marie Curie Paris 06, Inserm U1127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7225, Paris, France.,Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Team Movement Investigation and Therapeutics, Paris, France.,Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Nadya Pyatigorskaya
- Brain and Spine Institute - ICM, Center for NeuroImaging Research - CENIR, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, University Pierre and Marie Curie Paris 06, Inserm U1127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7225, Paris, France.,Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Team Movement Investigation and Therapeutics, Paris, France.,Department of Neuroradiology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Romain Valabregue
- Brain and Spine Institute - ICM, Center for NeuroImaging Research - CENIR, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, University Pierre and Marie Curie Paris 06, Inserm U1127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7225, Paris, France
| | - Claire Ewenczyk
- Sorbonne Université, University Pierre and Marie Curie Paris 06, Inserm U1127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7225, Paris, France.,Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Team Movement Investigation and Therapeutics, Paris, France.,Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Marie Sarazin
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Language, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Sainte Anne Hospital, Paris, France.,Research unit 1023 Inserm/Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA)/University Paris, In vivo Molecular Imaging Laboratory (IMIV)
| | - Lydia Yahia-Cherif
- Brain and Spine Institute - ICM, Center for NeuroImaging Research - CENIR, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, University Pierre and Marie Curie Paris 06, Inserm U1127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7225, Paris, France
| | - Marie Vidailhet
- Sorbonne Université, University Pierre and Marie Curie Paris 06, Inserm U1127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7225, Paris, France.,Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Team Movement Investigation and Therapeutics, Paris, France.,Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Lehéricy
- Brain and Spine Institute - ICM, Center for NeuroImaging Research - CENIR, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, University Pierre and Marie Curie Paris 06, Inserm U1127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7225, Paris, France.,Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Team Movement Investigation and Therapeutics, Paris, France.,Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|