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Kluge A, Somila N, Lankinen K, Levy J. Neural alignment during outgroup intervention predicts future change of affect towards outgroup. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae125. [PMID: 38566512 PMCID: PMC10988024 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
While social psychology studies have shown that paradoxical thinking intervention has a moderating effect on negative attitudes toward members from rival social groups (i.e. outgroup), the neural underpinnings of the intervention have not been studied. Here, we investigate this by examining neural alignment across individuals at different phases during the intervention regarding Covid-19 vaccine-supporters' attitudes against vaccine-opposers. We raise two questions: Whether neural alignment varies during the intervention, and whether it predicts a change in outgroup attitudes measured via a survey 2 days after the intervention and compared to baseline. We test the neural alignment using magnetoencephalography-recorded neural oscillations and multiset canonical correlation analysis. We find a build-up of neural alignment which emerges at the final phase of the paradoxical thinking intervention in the precuneus-a hub of mentalizing; there was no such effect in the control conditions. In parallel, we find a behavioral build-up of dissent to the interventional stimuli. These neural and behavioral patterns predict a prosocial future change in affect and actions toward the outgroup. Together, these findings reveal a new operational pattern of mentalizing on the outgroup, which can change the way individuals may feel and behave toward members of that outgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Kluge
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | - Niko Somila
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | - Kaisu Lankinen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan Levy
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland
- Department of Criminology and Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
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2
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Bonte M, Brem S. Unraveling individual differences in learning potential: A dynamic framework for the case of reading development. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 66:101362. [PMID: 38447471 PMCID: PMC10925938 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Children show an enormous capacity to learn during development, but with large individual differences in the time course and trajectory of learning and the achieved skill level. Recent progress in developmental sciences has shown the contribution of a multitude of factors including genetic variation, brain plasticity, socio-cultural context and learning experiences to individual development. These factors interact in a complex manner, producing children's idiosyncratic and heterogeneous learning paths. Despite an increasing recognition of these intricate dynamics, current research on the development of culturally acquired skills such as reading still has a typical focus on snapshots of children's performance at discrete points in time. Here we argue that this 'static' approach is often insufficient and limits advancements in the prediction and mechanistic understanding of individual differences in learning capacity. We present a dynamic framework which highlights the importance of capturing short-term trajectories during learning across multiple stages and processes as a proxy for long-term development on the example of reading. This framework will help explain relevant variability in children's learning paths and outcomes and fosters new perspectives and approaches to study how children develop and learn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milene Bonte
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Maastricht Brain Imaging Center, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Silvia Brem
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Switzerland; URPP Adaptive Brain Circuits in Development and Learning (AdaBD), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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3
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Theodoridou D, Tsiantis CO, Vlaikou AM, Chondrou V, Zakopoulou V, Christodoulides P, Oikonomou ED, Tzimourta KD, Kostoulas C, Tzallas AT, Tsamis KI, Peschos D, Sgourou A, Filiou MD, Syrrou M. Developmental Dyslexia: Insights from EEG-Based Findings and Molecular Signatures-A Pilot Study. Brain Sci 2024; 14:139. [PMID: 38391714 PMCID: PMC10887023 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14020139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Developmental dyslexia (DD) is a learning disorder. Although risk genes have been identified, environmental factors, and particularly stress arising from constant difficulties, have been associated with the occurrence of DD by affecting brain plasticity and function, especially during critical neurodevelopmental stages. In this work, electroencephalogram (EEG) findings were coupled with the genetic and epigenetic molecular signatures of individuals with DD and matched controls. Specifically, we investigated the genetic and epigenetic correlates of key stress-associated genes (NR3C1, NR3C2, FKBP5, GILZ, SLC6A4) with psychological characteristics (depression, anxiety, and stress) often included in DD diagnostic criteria, as well as with brain EEG findings. We paired the observed brain rhythms with the expression levels of stress-related genes, investigated the epigenetic profile of the stress regulator glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and correlated such indices with demographic findings. This study presents a new interdisciplinary approach and findings that support the idea that stress, attributed to the demands of the school environment, may act as a contributing factor in the occurrence of the DD phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Theodoridou
- Laboratory of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Christos-Orestis Tsiantis
- Laboratory of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Angeliki-Maria Vlaikou
- Biomedical Research Institute, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Chondrou
- Laboratory of Biology, School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, 26335 Patras, Greece
| | - Victoria Zakopoulou
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Pavlos Christodoulides
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Emmanouil D Oikonomou
- Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, School of Informatics & Telecommunications, University of Ioannina, 47100 Arta, Greece
| | - Katerina D Tzimourta
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, 50100 Kozani, Greece
| | - Charilaos Kostoulas
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Alexandros T Tzallas
- Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, School of Informatics & Telecommunications, University of Ioannina, 47100 Arta, Greece
| | - Konstantinos I Tsamis
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Peschos
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Argyro Sgourou
- Laboratory of Biology, School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, 26335 Patras, Greece
| | - Michaela D Filiou
- Biomedical Research Institute, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Maria Syrrou
- Laboratory of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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4
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Lasnick OHM, Hoeft F. Sensory temporal sampling in time: an integrated model of the TSF and neural noise hypothesis as an etiological pathway for dyslexia. Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 17:1294941. [PMID: 38234592 PMCID: PMC10792016 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1294941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Much progress has been made in research on the causal mechanisms of developmental dyslexia. In recent years, the "temporal sampling" account of dyslexia has evolved considerably, with contributions from neurogenetics and novel imaging methods resulting in a much more complex etiological view of the disorder. The original temporal sampling framework implicates disrupted neural entrainment to speech as a causal factor for atypical phonological representations. Yet, empirical findings have not provided clear evidence of a low-level etiology for this endophenotype. In contrast, the neural noise hypothesis presents a theoretical view of the manifestation of dyslexia from the level of genes to behavior. However, its relative novelty (published in 2017) means that empirical research focused on specific predictions is sparse. The current paper reviews dyslexia research using a dual framework from the temporal sampling and neural noise hypotheses and discusses the complementary nature of these two views of dyslexia. We present an argument for an integrated model of sensory temporal sampling as an etiological pathway for dyslexia. Finally, we conclude with a brief discussion of outstanding questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver H. M. Lasnick
- brainLENS Laboratory, Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
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Jangraw DC, Finn ES, Bandettini PA, Landi N, Sun H, Hoeft F, Chen G, Pugh KR, Molfese PJ. Inter-subject correlation during long narratives reveals widespread neural correlates of reading ability. Neuroimage 2023; 282:120390. [PMID: 37751811 PMCID: PMC10783814 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent work using fMRI inter-subject correlation analysis has provided new information about the brain's response to video and audio narratives, particularly in frontal regions not typically activated by single words. This approach is very well suited to the study of reading, where narrative is central to natural experience. But since past reading paradigms have primarily presented single words or phrases, the influence of narrative on semantic processing in the brain - and how that influence might change with reading ability - remains largely unexplored. In this study, we presented coherent stories to adolescents and young adults with a wide range of reading abilities. The stories were presented in alternating visual and auditory blocks. We used a dimensional inter-subject correlation analysis to identify regions in which better and worse readers had varying levels of consistency with other readers. This analysis identified a widespread set of brain regions in which activity timecourses were more similar among better readers than among worse readers. These differences were not detected with standard block activation analyses. Worse readers had higher correlation with better readers than with other worse readers, suggesting that the worse readers had "idiosyncratic" responses rather than using a single compensatory mechanism. Close inspection confirmed that these differences were not explained by differences in IQ or motion. These results suggest an expansion of the current view of where and how reading ability is reflected in the brain, and in doing so, they establish inter-subject correlation as a sensitive tool for future studies of reading disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Jangraw
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, NIMH, Bethesda, MD, United States; Emotion and Development Branch, NIMH, Bethesda, MD, United States; Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States.
| | - Emily S Finn
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, NIMH, Bethesda, MD, United States; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Peter A Bandettini
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, NIMH, Bethesda, MD, United States; Center for Multimodal Neuroimaging, NIMH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Nicole Landi
- Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Haorui Sun
- Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Fumiko Hoeft
- Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Hartford, CT, United States
| | - Gang Chen
- Statistical Computing Core, NIMH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kenneth R Pugh
- Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Peter J Molfese
- Center for Multimodal Neuroimaging, NIMH, Bethesda, MD, United States; Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT, United States
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Mandke K, Flanagan S, Macfarlane A, Feltham G, Gabrielczyk F, Wilson AM, Gross J, Goswami U. Neural responses to natural and enhanced speech edges in children with and without dyslexia. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1200950. [PMID: 37841072 PMCID: PMC10571917 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1200950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensory-neural studies indicate that children with developmental dyslexia show impairments in processing acoustic speech envelope information. Prior studies suggest that this arises in part from reduced sensory sensitivity to amplitude rise times (ARTs or speech "edges") in the envelope, accompanied by less accurate neural encoding of low-frequency envelope information. Accordingly, enhancing these characteristics of the speech envelope may enhance neural speech processing in children with dyslexia. Here we applied an envelope modulation enhancement (EME) algorithm to a 10-min story read in child-directed speech (CDS), enhancing ARTs and also enhancing low-frequency envelope information. We compared neural speech processing (as measured using MEG) for the EME story with the same story read in natural CDS for 9-year-old children with and without dyslexia. The EME story affected neural processing in the power domain for children with dyslexia, particularly in the delta band (0.5-4 Hz) in the superior temporal gyrus. This may suggest that prolonged experience with EME speech could ameliorate some of the impairments shown in natural speech processing by children with dyslexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanad Mandke
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Neuroscience in Education, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila Flanagan
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Neuroscience in Education, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Annabel Macfarlane
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Neuroscience in Education, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Georgia Feltham
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Neuroscience in Education, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Gabrielczyk
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Neuroscience in Education, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Angela M. Wilson
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Neuroscience in Education, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Joachim Gross
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignal Analysis, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Usha Goswami
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Neuroscience in Education, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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7
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Ueno F, Shimada S. Inter-subject correlations of EEG reflect subjective arousal and acoustic features of music. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1225377. [PMID: 37671247 PMCID: PMC10475548 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1225377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Research on music-induced emotion and brain activity is constantly expanding. Although studies using inter-subject correlation (ISC), a collectively shared brain activity analysis method, have been conducted, whether ISC during music listening represents the music preferences of a large population remains uncertain; additionally, it remains unclear which factors influence ISC during music listening. Therefore, here, we aimed to investigate whether the ISCs of electroencephalography (EEG) during music listening represent a preference for music reflecting engagement or interest of a large population in music. Methods First, we selected 21 pieces of music from the Billboard Japan Hot 100 chart of 2017, which served as an indicator of preference reflecting the engagement and interest of a large population. To ensure even representation, we chose one piece for every fifth song on the chart, spanning from highly popular music to less popular ones. Next, we recorded EEG signals while the subjects listened to the selected music, and they were asked to evaluate four aspects (preference, enjoyment, frequency of listening, and arousal) for each song. Subsequently, we conducted ISC analysis by utilizing the first three principal components of EEG, which were highly correlated across subjects and extracted through correlated component analysis (CorrCA). We then explored whether music with high preferences that reflected the engagement and interest of large population had high ISC values. Additionally, we employed cluster analysis on all 21 pieces of music, utilizing the first three principal components of EEG, to investigate the impact of emotions and musical characteristics on EEG ISC during music listening. Results A significant distinction was noted between the mean ISC values of the 10 higher-ranked pieces of music compared to the 10 lower-ranked pieces of music [t(542) = -1.97, p = 0.0025]. This finding suggests that ISC values may correspond preferences reflecting engagement or interest of a large population. Furthermore, we found that significant variations were observed in the first three principal component values among the three clusters identified through cluster analysis, along with significant differences in arousal levels. Moreover, the characteristics of the music (tonality and tempo) differed among the three clusters. This indicates that the principal components, which exhibit high correlation among subjects and were employed in calculating ISC values, represent both subjects' arousal levels and specific characteristics of the music. Conclusion Subjects' arousal values during music listening and music characteristics (tonality and tempo) affect ISC values, which represent the interest of a large population in music.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyu Ueno
- Department of Electronics and Bioinformatics, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sotaro Shimada
- Department of Electronics and Bioinformatics, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
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Dini H, Simonetti A, Bigne E, Bruni LE. Higher levels of narrativity lead to similar patterns of posterior EEG activity across individuals. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1160981. [PMID: 37234601 PMCID: PMC10206039 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1160981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The focus of cognitive and psychological approaches to narrative has not so much been on the elucidation of important aspects of narrative, but rather on using narratives as tools for the investigation of higher order cognitive processes elicited by narratives (e.g., understanding, empathy, etc.). In this study, we work toward a scalar model of narrativity, which can provide testable criteria for selecting and classifying communication forms in their level of narrativity. We investigated whether being exposed to videos with different levels of narrativity modulates shared neural responses, measured by inter-subject correlation, and engagement levels. Methods Thirty-two participants watched video advertisements with high-level and low-level of narrativity while their neural responses were measured through electroencephalogram. Additionally, participants' engagement levels were calculated based on the composite of their self-reported attention and immersion scores. Results Results demonstrated that both calculated inter-subject correlation and engagement scores for high-level video ads were significantly higher than those for low-level, suggesting that narrativity levels modulate inter-subject correlation and engagement. Discussion We believe that these findings are a step toward the elucidation of the viewers' way of processing and understanding a given communication artifact as a function of the narrative qualities expressed by the level of narrativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Dini
- The Augmented Cognition Lab, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aline Simonetti
- Department of Marketing and Market Research, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Enrique Bigne
- Department of Marketing and Market Research, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis Emilio Bruni
- The Augmented Cognition Lab, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Granados Barbero R, Ghesquière P, Wouters J. Development of Atypical Reading at Ages 5 to 9 Years and Processing of Speech Envelope Modulations in the Brain. Front Comput Neurosci 2022; 16:894578. [PMID: 35782088 PMCID: PMC9248325 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2022.894578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Different studies have suggested that during speech processing readers with dyslexia present atypical levels of neural entrainment as well as atypical functional hemispherical asymmetries in comparison with typical readers. In this study, we evaluated these differences in children and the variation with age before and after starting with formal reading instruction. Synchronized neural auditory processing activity was quantified based on auditory steady-state responses (ASSRs) from EEG recordings. The stimulation was modulated at syllabic and phonemic fluctuation rates present in speech. We measured the brain activation patterns and the hemispherical asymmetries in children at three age points (5, 7, and 9 years old). Despite the well-known heterogeneity during developmental stages, especially in children and in dyslexia, we could extract meaningful common oscillatory patterns. The analyses included (1) the estimations of source localization, (2) hemispherical preferences using a laterality index, measures of neural entrainment, (3) signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), and (4) connectivity using phase coherence measures. In this longitudinal study, we confirmed that the existence of atypical levels of neural entrainment and connectivity already exists at pre-reading stages. Overall, these measures reflected a lower ability of the dyslectic brain to synchronize with syllabic rate stimulation. In addition, our findings reinforced the hypothesis of a later maturation of the processing of beta rhythms in dyslexia. This investigation emphasizes the importance of longitudinal studies in dyslexia, especially in children, where neural oscillatory patterns as well as differences between typical and atypical developing children can vary in the span of a year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Granados Barbero
- Research Group Experimental ORL, Department of Neurosciences, Katholieke University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Raúl Granados Barbero
| | - Pol Ghesquière
- Parenting and Special Education Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Katholieke University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Wouters
- Research Group Experimental ORL, Department of Neurosciences, Katholieke University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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A studyforrest extension, MEG recordings while watching the audio-visual movie "Forrest Gump". Sci Data 2022; 9:206. [PMID: 35562378 PMCID: PMC9106652 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01299-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Naturalistic stimuli, such as movies, are being increasingly used to map brain function because of their high ecological validity. The pioneering studyforrest and other naturalistic neuroimaging projects have provided free access to multiple movie-watching functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) datasets to prompt the community for naturalistic experimental paradigms. However, sluggish blood-oxygenation-level-dependent fMRI signals are incapable of resolving neuronal activity with the temporal resolution at which it unfolds. Instead, magnetoencephalography (MEG) measures changes in the magnetic field produced by neuronal activity and is able to capture rich dynamics of the brain at the millisecond level while watching naturalistic movies. Herein, we present the first public prolonged MEG dataset collected from 11 participants while watching the 2 h long audio-visual movie “Forrest Gump”. Minimally preprocessed data was also provided to facilitate the use of the dataset. As a studyforrest extension, we envision that this dataset, together with fMRI data from the studyforrest project, will serve as a foundation for exploring the neural dynamics of various cognitive functions in real-world contexts. Measurement(s) | Brain activity measurement • Brain structure | Technology Type(s) | Magnetoencephalography • Magnetic Resonance Imaging | Factor Type(s) | Audiovisual movie | Sample Characteristic - Organism | Homo sapiens |
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11
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Mandke K, Flanagan S, Macfarlane A, Gabrielczyk F, Wilson A, Gross J, Goswami U. Neural sampling of the speech signal at different timescales by children with dyslexia. Neuroimage 2022; 253:119077. [PMID: 35278708 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Phonological difficulties characterize individuals with dyslexia across languages. Currently debated is whether these difficulties arise from atypical neural sampling of (or entrainment to) auditory information in speech at slow rates (<10 Hz, related to speech rhythm), faster rates, or neither. MEG studies with adults suggest that atypical sampling in dyslexia affects faster modulations in the neurophysiological gamma band, related to phoneme-level representation. However, dyslexic adults have had years of reduced experience in converting graphemes to phonemes, which could itself cause atypical gamma-band activity. The present study was designed to identify specific linguistic timescales at which English children with dyslexia may show atypical entrainment. Adopting a developmental focus, we hypothesized that children with dyslexia would show atypical entrainment to the prosodic and syllable-level information that is exaggerated in infant-directed speech and carried primarily by amplitude modulations <10 Hz. MEG was recorded in a naturalistic story-listening paradigm. The modulation bands related to different types of linguistic information were derived directly from the speech materials, and lagged coherence at multiple temporal rates spanning 0.9-40 Hz was computed. Group differences in lagged speech-brain coherence between children with dyslexia and control children were most marked in neurophysiological bands corresponding to stress and syllable-level information (<5 Hz in our materials), and phoneme-level information (12-40 Hz). Functional connectivity analyses showed network differences between groups in both hemispheres, with dyslexic children showing significantly reduced global network efficiency. Global network efficiency correlated with dyslexic children's oral language development and with control children's reading development. These developmental data suggest that dyslexia is characterized by atypical neural sampling of auditory information at slower rates. They also throw new light on the nature of the gamma band temporal sampling differences reported in MEG dyslexia studies with adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanad Mandke
- Centre for Neuroscience in Education, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, United Kingdom.
| | - Sheila Flanagan
- Centre for Neuroscience in Education, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, United Kingdom
| | - Annabel Macfarlane
- Centre for Neuroscience in Education, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Gabrielczyk
- Centre for Neuroscience in Education, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Wilson
- Centre for Neuroscience in Education, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, United Kingdom
| | - Joachim Gross
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignal Analysis, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Usha Goswami
- Centre for Neuroscience in Education, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, United Kingdom
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12
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Finn ES, Glerean E, Hasson U, Vanderwal T. Naturalistic imaging: The use of ecologically valid conditions to study brain function. Neuroimage 2021; 247:118776. [PMID: 34864153 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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13
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Granados Barbero R, de Vos A, Ghesquière P, Wouters J. Atypical processing in neural source analysis of speech envelope modulations in adolescents with dyslexia. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:7839-7859. [PMID: 34730259 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Different studies have suggested that language and developmental disorders such as dyslexia are associated with a disturbance of auditory entrainment and of the functional hemispheric asymmetries during speech processing. These disorders typically result from an issue in the phonological component of language that causes problems to represent and manipulate the phonological structure of words at the syllable and/or phoneme level. We used Auditory Steady-State Responses (ASSRs) in EEG recordings to investigate the brain activation and hemisphere asymmetry of theta, alpha, beta and low-gamma range oscillations in typical readers and readers with dyslexia. The aim was to analyse whether the group differences found in previous electrode level studies were caused by a different source activation pattern or conversely was an effect that could be found on the active brain sources. We could not find differences in the brain locations of the main active brain sources. However, we observed differences in the extracted waveforms. The group average of the first DSS component of all signal-to-noise ratios of ASSR at source level was higher than the group averages at the electrode level. These analyses included a lower alpha synchronisation in adolescents with dyslexia and the possibility of compensatory mechanisms in theta, beta and low-gamma frequency bands. The main brain auditory sources were located in cortical regions around the auditory cortex. Thus, the differences observed in auditory EEG experiments would, according to our findings, have their origin in the intrinsic oscillatory mechanisms of the brain cortical sources related to speech perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Granados Barbero
- Research Group Experimental ORL, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Astrid de Vos
- Research Group Experimental ORL, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Parenting and Special Education Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pol Ghesquière
- Parenting and Special Education Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Wouters
- Research Group Experimental ORL, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Vander Ghinst M, Bourguignon M, Wens V, Naeije G, Ducène C, Niesen M, Hassid S, Choufani G, Goldman S, De Tiège X. Inaccurate cortical tracking of speech in adults with impaired speech perception in noise. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab186. [PMID: 34541530 PMCID: PMC8445395 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired speech perception in noise despite normal peripheral auditory function is a common problem in young adults. Despite a growing body of research, the pathophysiology of this impairment remains unknown. This magnetoencephalography study characterizes the cortical tracking of speech in a multi-talker background in a group of highly selected adult subjects with impaired speech perception in noise without peripheral auditory dysfunction. Magnetoencephalographic signals were recorded from 13 subjects with impaired speech perception in noise (six females, mean age: 30 years) and matched healthy subjects while they were listening to 5 different recordings of stories merged with a multi-talker background at different signal to noise ratios (No Noise, +10, +5, 0 and −5 dB). The cortical tracking of speech was quantified with coherence between magnetoencephalographic signals and the temporal envelope of (i) the global auditory scene (i.e. the attended speech stream and the multi-talker background noise), (ii) the attended speech stream only and (iii) the multi-talker background noise. Functional connectivity was then estimated between brain areas showing altered cortical tracking of speech in noise in subjects with impaired speech perception in noise and the rest of the brain. All participants demonstrated a selective cortical representation of the attended speech stream in noisy conditions, but subjects with impaired speech perception in noise displayed reduced cortical tracking of speech at the syllable rate (i.e. 4–8 Hz) in all noisy conditions. Increased functional connectivity was observed in subjects with impaired speech perception in noise in Noiseless and speech in noise conditions between supratemporal auditory cortices and left-dominant brain areas involved in semantic and attention processes. The difficulty to understand speech in a multi-talker background in subjects with impaired speech perception in noise appears to be related to an inaccurate auditory cortex tracking of speech at the syllable rate. The increased functional connectivity between supratemporal auditory cortices and language/attention-related neocortical areas probably aims at supporting speech perception and subsequent recognition in adverse auditory scenes. Overall, this study argues for a central origin of impaired speech perception in noise in the absence of any peripheral auditory dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Vander Ghinst
- Laboratoire de Cartographie fonctionnelle du Cerveau, UNI-ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1070, Belgium.,Service, d'ORL et de chirurgie cervico-faciale, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Bourguignon
- Laboratoire de Cartographie fonctionnelle du Cerveau, UNI-ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1070, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, UNI-ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1070, Belgium.,Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language (BCBL), Donostia/San Sebastian 20009, Spain
| | - Vincent Wens
- Laboratoire de Cartographie fonctionnelle du Cerveau, UNI-ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1070, Belgium.,Clinics of Functional Neuroimaging, Service of Nuclear Medicine, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - Gilles Naeije
- Laboratoire de Cartographie fonctionnelle du Cerveau, UNI-ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1070, Belgium.,Service de Neurologie, ULB-Hôpital Erasme, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - Cecile Ducène
- Laboratoire de Cartographie fonctionnelle du Cerveau, UNI-ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1070, Belgium.,Service, d'ORL et de chirurgie cervico-faciale, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - Maxime Niesen
- Laboratoire de Cartographie fonctionnelle du Cerveau, UNI-ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1070, Belgium.,Service, d'ORL et de chirurgie cervico-faciale, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - Sergio Hassid
- Service, d'ORL et de chirurgie cervico-faciale, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - Georges Choufani
- Service, d'ORL et de chirurgie cervico-faciale, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - Serge Goldman
- Laboratoire de Cartographie fonctionnelle du Cerveau, UNI-ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1070, Belgium.,Clinics of Functional Neuroimaging, Service of Nuclear Medicine, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - Xavier De Tiège
- Laboratoire de Cartographie fonctionnelle du Cerveau, UNI-ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1070, Belgium.,Clinics of Functional Neuroimaging, Service of Nuclear Medicine, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1070, Belgium
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15
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de Lange P, Boto E, Holmes N, Hill RM, Bowtell R, Wens V, De Tiège X, Brookes MJ, Bourguignon M. Measuring the cortical tracking of speech with optically-pumped magnetometers. Neuroimage 2021; 233:117969. [PMID: 33744453 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During continuous speech listening, brain activity tracks speech rhythmicity at frequencies matching with the repetition rate of phrases (0.2-1.5 Hz), words (2-4 Hz) and syllables (4-8 Hz). Here, we evaluated the applicability of wearable MEG based on optically-pumped magnetometers (OPMs) to measure such cortical tracking of speech (CTS). Measuring CTS with OPMs is a priori challenging given the complications associated with OPM measurements at frequencies below 4 Hz, due to increased intrinsic interference and head movement artifacts. Still, this represents an important development as OPM-MEG provides lifespan compliance and substantially improved spatial resolution compared with classical MEG. In this study, four healthy right-handed adults listened to continuous speech for 9 min. The radial component of the magnetic field was recorded simultaneously with 45-46 OPMs evenly covering the scalp surface and fixed to an additively manufactured helmet which fitted all 4 participants. We estimated CTS with reconstruction accuracy and coherence, and determined the number of dominant principal components (PCs) to remove from the data (as a preprocessing step) for optimal estimation. We also identified the dominant source of CTS using a minimum norm estimate. CTS estimated with reconstruction accuracy and coherence was significant in all 4 participants at phrasal and word rates, and in 3 participants (reconstruction accuracy) or 2 (coherence) at syllabic rate. Overall, close-to-optimal CTS estimation was obtained when the 3 (reconstruction accuracy) or 10 (coherence) first PCs were removed from the data. Importantly, values of reconstruction accuracy (~0.4 for 0.2-1.5-Hz CTS and ~0.1 for 2-8-Hz CTS) were remarkably close to those previously reported in classical MEG studies. Finally, source reconstruction localized the main sources of CTS to bilateral auditory cortices. In conclusion, t his study demonstrates that OPMs can be used for the purpose of CTS assessment. This finding opens new research avenues to unravel the neural network involved in CTS across the lifespan and potential alterations in, e.g., language developmental disorders. Data also suggest that OPMs are generally suitable for recording neural activity at frequencies below 4 Hz provided PCA is used as a preprocessing step; 0.2-1.5-Hz being the lowest frequency range successfully investigated here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul de Lange
- Laboratoire de Cartographie fonctionnelle du Cerveau, UNI - ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 808 Lennik Street, Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - Elena Boto
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Niall Holmes
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan M Hill
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Bowtell
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent Wens
- Laboratoire de Cartographie fonctionnelle du Cerveau, UNI - ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 808 Lennik Street, Brussels 1070, Belgium; Department of Functional Neuroimaging, Service of Nuclear Medicine, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Xavier De Tiège
- Laboratoire de Cartographie fonctionnelle du Cerveau, UNI - ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 808 Lennik Street, Brussels 1070, Belgium; Department of Functional Neuroimaging, Service of Nuclear Medicine, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matthew J Brookes
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Mathieu Bourguignon
- Laboratoire de Cartographie fonctionnelle du Cerveau, UNI - ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 808 Lennik Street, Brussels 1070, Belgium; Laboratory of neurophysiology and movement biomechanics, UNI - ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; BCBL, Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, San Sebastian 20009, Spain.
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