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Ruan L, Chen G, Yao M, Li C, Chen X, Luo H, Ruan J, Zheng Z, Zhang D, Liang S, Lü M. Brain functional gradient and structure features in adolescent and adult autism spectrum disorders. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26792. [PMID: 39037170 PMCID: PMC11261594 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding how function and structure are organized and their coupling with clinical traits in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a primary goal in network neuroscience research for ASD. Atypical brain functional networks and structures in individuals with ASD have been reported, but whether these associations show heterogeneous hierarchy modeling in adolescents and adults with ASD remains to be clarified. In this study, 176 adolescent and 74 adult participants with ASD without medication or comorbidities and sex, age matched healthy controls (HCs) from 19 research groups from the openly shared Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange II database were included. To investigate the relationship between the functional gradient, structural changes, and clinical symptoms of brain networks in adolescents and adults with ASD, functional gradient and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analyses based on 1000 parcels defined by Schaefer mapped to Yeo's seven-network atlas were performed. Pearson's correlation was calculated between the gradient scores, gray volume and density, and clinical traits. The subsystem-level analysis showed that the second gradient scores of the default mode networks and frontoparietal network in patients with ASD were relatively compressed compared to adolescent HCs. Adult patients with ASD showed an overall compression gradient of 1 in the ventral attention networks. In addition, the gray density and volumes of the subnetworks showed no significant differences between the ASD and HC groups at the adolescent stage. However, adults with ASD showed decreased gray density in the limbic network. Moreover, numerous functional gradient parameters, but not VBM parameters, in adolescents with ASD were considerably correlated with clinical traits in contrast to those in adults with ASD. Our findings proved that the atypical changes in adolescent ASD mainly involve the brain functional network, while in adult ASD, the changes are more related to brain structure, including gray density and volume. These changes in functional gradients or structures are markedly correlated with clinical traits in patients with ASD. Our study provides a novel understanding of the pathophysiology of the structure-function hierarchy in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Ruan
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain FunctionLuzhouChina
| | - Guangxiang Chen
- Department of RadiologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Menglin Yao
- College of Integrated MedicineSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of PediatricsThe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth DefectsLuzhouChina
| | - Xiu Chen
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain FunctionLuzhouChina
| | - Hua Luo
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain FunctionLuzhouChina
| | - Jianghai Ruan
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain FunctionLuzhouChina
| | - Zhong Zheng
- Center for Neurological Function Test and Neuromodulation, West China Xiamen HospitalSichuan UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Dechou Zhang
- Department of NeurologySouthwest Medical University Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineLuzhouChina
| | - Sicheng Liang
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Muhan Lü
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
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2
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Shao X, Krieger-Redwood K, Zhang M, Hoffman P, Lanzoni L, Leech R, Smallwood J, Jefferies E. Distinctive and Complementary Roles of Default Mode Network Subsystems in Semantic Cognition. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1907232024. [PMID: 38589231 PMCID: PMC11097276 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1907-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The default mode network (DMN) typically deactivates to external tasks, yet supports semantic cognition. It comprises medial temporal (MT), core, and frontotemporal (FT) subsystems, but its functional organization is unclear: the requirement for perceptual coupling versus decoupling, input modality (visual/verbal), type of information (social/spatial), and control demands all potentially affect its recruitment. We examined the effect of these factors on activation and deactivation of DMN subsystems during semantic cognition, across four task-based human functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) datasets, and localized these responses in whole-brain state space defined by gradients of intrinsic connectivity. FT showed activation consistent with a central role across domains, tasks, and modalities, although it was most responsive to abstract, verbal tasks; this subsystem uniquely showed more "tuned" states characterized by increases in both activation and deactivation when semantic retrieval demands were higher. MT also activated to both perceptually coupled (scenes) and decoupled (autobiographical memory) tasks and showed stronger responses to picture associations, consistent with a role in scene construction. Core DMN consistently showed deactivation, especially to externally oriented tasks. These diverse contributions of DMN subsystems to semantic cognition were related to their location on intrinsic connectivity gradients: activation was closer to the sensory-motor cortex than deactivation, particularly for FT and MT, while activation for core DMN was distant from both visual cortex and cognitive control. These results reveal distinctive yet complementary DMN responses: MT and FT support different memory-based representations that are accessed externally and internally, while deactivation in core DMN is associated with demanding, external semantic tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximing Shao
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | | | - Meichao Zhang
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioural Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Paul Hoffman
- School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, United Kingdom
| | - Lucilla Lanzoni
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Leech
- Centre for Neuroimaging Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Smallwood
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Jefferies
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
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Lee DA, Lee HJ, Park KM. Alteration of multilayer network perspective on gray and white matter connectivity in obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Breath 2024:10.1007/s11325-024-03059-4. [PMID: 38730205 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-024-03059-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this research was to examine changes in the neural networks of both gray and white matter in individuals with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in comparison to those without the condition, employing a comprehensive multilayer network analysis. METHODS Patients meeting the criteria for OSA were recruited through polysomnography, while a control group of healthy individuals matched for age and sex was also assembled. Utilizing T1-weighted imaging, a morphometric similarity network was crafted to represent gray matter, while diffusion tensor imaging provided structural connectivity for constructing a white matter network. A multilayer network analysis was then performed, employing graph theory methodologies. RESULTS We included 40 individuals diagnosed with OSA and 40 healthy participants in our study. Analysis revealed significant differences in various global network metrics between the two groups. Specifically, patients with OSA exhibited higher average degree overlap and average multilayer clustering coefficient (28.081 vs. 23.407, p < 0.001; 0.459 vs. 0.412, p = 0.004), but lower multilayer modularity (0.150 vs. 0.175, p = 0.001) compared to healthy controls. However, no significant differences were observed in average multiplex participation, average overlapping strength, or average weighted multiplex participation between the patients with OSA and healthy controls. Moreover, several brain regions displayed notable differences in degree overlap at the nodal level between patients with OSA and healthy controls. CONCLUSION Remarkable alterations in the multilayer network, indicating shifts in both gray and white matter, were detected in patients with OSA in contrast to their healthy counterparts. Further examination at the nodal level unveiled notable changes in regions associated with cognition, underscoring the effectiveness of multilayer network analysis in exploring interactions across brain layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ah Lee
- Department of Neurology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Joon Lee
- Department of Radiology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Min Park
- Department of Neurology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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Souter NE, de Freitas A, Zhang M, Shao X, del Jesus Gonzalez Alam TR, Engen H, Smallwood J, Krieger‐Redwood K, Jefferies E. Default mode network shows distinct emotional and contextual responses yet common effects of retrieval demands across tasks. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26703. [PMID: 38716714 PMCID: PMC11077571 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The default mode network (DMN) lies towards the heteromodal end of the principal gradient of intrinsic connectivity, maximally separated from the sensory-motor cortex. It supports memory-based cognition, including the capacity to retrieve conceptual and evaluative information from sensory inputs, and to generate meaningful states internally; however, the functional organisation of DMN that can support these distinct modes of retrieval remains unclear. We used fMRI to examine whether activation within subsystems of DMN differed as a function of retrieval demands, or the type of association to be retrieved, or both. In a picture association task, participants retrieved semantic associations that were either contextual or emotional in nature. Participants were asked to avoid generating episodic associations. In the generate phase, these associations were retrieved from a novel picture, while in the switch phase, participants retrieved a new association for the same image. Semantic context and emotion trials were associated with dissociable DMN subnetworks, indicating that a key dimension of DMN organisation relates to the type of association being accessed. The frontotemporal and medial temporal DMN showed a preference for emotional and semantic contextual associations, respectively. Relative to the generate phase, the switch phase recruited clusters closer to the heteromodal apex of the principal gradient-a cortical hierarchy separating unimodal and heteromodal regions. There were no differences in this effect between association types. Instead, memory switching was associated with a distinct subnetwork associated with controlled internal cognition. These findings delineate distinct patterns of DMN recruitment for different kinds of associations yet common responses across tasks that reflect retrieval demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E. Souter
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of YorkYorkUK
- School of PsychologyUniversity of SussexBrightonUK
| | - Antonia de Freitas
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of YorkYorkUK
- Experimental Psychology, Division of Psychology and Language SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Meichao Zhang
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of YorkYorkUK
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral ScienceInstitute of PsychologyBeijingChina
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ximing Shao
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of YorkYorkUK
- Experimental Psychology, Division of Psychology and Language SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Haakon Engen
- Institute for Military Psychiatry, Joint Medical ServicesNorwegian Armed ForcesNorway
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
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Yang Y, Zhen Y, Wang X, Liu L, Zheng Y, Zheng Z, Zheng H, Tang S. Altered asymmetry of functional connectome gradients in major depressive disorder. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1385920. [PMID: 38745933 PMCID: PMC11092381 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1385920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating disease involving sensory and higher-order cognitive dysfunction. Previous work has shown altered asymmetry in MDD, including abnormal lateralized activation and disrupted hemispheric connectivity. However, it remains unclear whether and how MDD affects functional asymmetries in the context of intrinsic hierarchical organization. Methods Here, we evaluate intra- and inter-hemispheric asymmetries of the first three functional gradients, characterizing unimodal-transmodal, visual-somatosensory, and somatomotor/default mode-multiple demand hierarchies, to study MDD-related alterations in overarching system-level architecture. Results We find that, relative to the healthy controls, MDD patients exhibit alterations in both primary sensory regions (e.g., visual areas) and transmodal association regions (e.g., default mode areas). We further find these abnormalities are woven in heterogeneous alterations along multiple functional gradients, associated with cognitive terms involving mind, memory, and visual processing. Moreover, through an elastic net model, we observe that both intra- and inter-asymmetric features are predictive of depressive traits measured by BDI-II scores. Discussion Altogether, these findings highlight a broad and mixed effect of MDD on functional gradient asymmetry, contributing to a richer understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Yang
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Mathematics, Informatics and Behavioral Semantics, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhen
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Mathematics, Informatics and Behavioral Semantics, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mathematics, Informatics and Behavioral Semantics, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Blockchain and Privacy Computing, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- PengCheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Longzhao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mathematics, Informatics and Behavioral Semantics, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Blockchain and Privacy Computing, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- PengCheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Mathematics, Informatics and Behavioral Semantics, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiming Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Mathematics, Informatics and Behavioral Semantics, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Blockchain and Privacy Computing, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- PengCheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Medical Artificial Intelligence, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- State Key Lab of Software Development Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Zheng
- Beijing Academy of Blockchain and Edge Computing, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoting Tang
- Key Laboratory of Mathematics, Informatics and Behavioral Semantics, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Blockchain and Privacy Computing, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- PengCheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Medical Artificial Intelligence, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- State Key Lab of Software Development Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, China
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De Rosa AP, d'Ambrosio A, Bisecco A, Altieri M, Cirillo M, Gallo A, Esposito F. Functional gradients reveal cortical hierarchy changes in multiple sclerosis. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26678. [PMID: 38647001 PMCID: PMC11033924 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Functional gradient (FG) analysis represents an increasingly popular methodological perspective for investigating brain hierarchical organization but whether and how network hierarchy changes concomitant with functional connectivity alterations in multiple sclerosis (MS) has remained elusive. Here, we analyzed FG components to uncover possible alterations in cortical hierarchy using resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) data acquired in 122 MS patients and 97 healthy control (HC) subjects. Cortical hierarchy was assessed by deriving regional FG scores from rs-fMRI connectivity matrices using a functional parcellation of the cerebral cortex. The FG analysis identified a primary (visual-to-sensorimotor) and a secondary (sensory-to-transmodal) component. Results showed a significant alteration in cortical hierarchy as indexed by regional changes in FG scores in MS patients within the sensorimotor network and a compression (i.e., a reduced standard deviation across all cortical parcels) of the sensory-transmodal gradient axis, suggesting disrupted segregation between sensory and cognitive processing. Moreover, FG scores within limbic and default mode networks were significantly correlated (ρ = 0.30 $$ \rho =0.30 $$ , p < .005 after Bonferroni correction for both) with the symbol digit modality test (SDMT) score, a measure of information processing speed commonly used in MS neuropsychological assessments. Finally, leveraging supervised machine learning, we tested the predictive value of network-level FG features, highlighting the prominent role of the FG scores within the default mode network in the accurate prediction of SDMT scores in MS patients (average mean absolute error of 1.22 ± 0.07 points on a hold-out set of 24 patients). Our work provides a comprehensive evaluation of FG alterations in MS, shedding light on the hierarchical organization of the MS brain and suggesting that FG connectivity analysis can be regarded as a valuable approach in rs-fMRI studies across different MS populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Pasquale De Rosa
- Advanced MRI Neuroimaging Centre, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical SciencesUniversity of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”NaplesItaly
| | - Alessandro d'Ambrosio
- Advanced MRI Neuroimaging Centre, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical SciencesUniversity of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”NaplesItaly
| | - Alvino Bisecco
- Advanced MRI Neuroimaging Centre, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical SciencesUniversity of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”NaplesItaly
| | - Manuela Altieri
- Advanced MRI Neuroimaging Centre, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical SciencesUniversity of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”NaplesItaly
| | - Mario Cirillo
- Advanced MRI Neuroimaging Centre, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical SciencesUniversity of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”NaplesItaly
| | - Antonio Gallo
- Advanced MRI Neuroimaging Centre, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical SciencesUniversity of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”NaplesItaly
| | - Fabrizio Esposito
- Advanced MRI Neuroimaging Centre, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical SciencesUniversity of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”NaplesItaly
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Ross LA, Molholm S, Butler JS, Del Bene VA, Brima T, Foxe JJ. Neural correlates of audiovisual narrative speech perception in children and adults on the autism spectrum: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Autism Res 2024; 17:280-310. [PMID: 38334251 DOI: 10.1002/aur.3104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Autistic individuals show substantially reduced benefit from observing visual articulations during audiovisual speech perception, a multisensory integration deficit that is particularly relevant to social communication. This has mostly been studied using simple syllabic or word-level stimuli and it remains unclear how altered lower-level multisensory integration translates to the processing of more complex natural multisensory stimulus environments in autism. Here, functional neuroimaging was used to examine neural correlates of audiovisual gain (AV-gain) in 41 autistic individuals to those of 41 age-matched non-autistic controls when presented with a complex audiovisual narrative. Participants were presented with continuous narration of a story in auditory-alone, visual-alone, and both synchronous and asynchronous audiovisual speech conditions. We hypothesized that previously identified differences in audiovisual speech processing in autism would be characterized by activation differences in brain regions well known to be associated with audiovisual enhancement in neurotypicals. However, our results did not provide evidence for altered processing of auditory alone, visual alone, audiovisual conditions or AV- gain in regions associated with the respective task when comparing activation patterns between groups. Instead, we found that autistic individuals responded with higher activations in mostly frontal regions where the activation to the experimental conditions was below baseline (de-activations) in the control group. These frontal effects were observed in both unisensory and audiovisual conditions, suggesting that these altered activations were not specific to multisensory processing but reflective of more general mechanisms such as an altered disengagement of Default Mode Network processes during the observation of the language stimulus across conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars A Ross
- The Frederick J. and Marion A. Schindler Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, The Ernest J. Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
- The Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Departments of Pediatrics and Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine & Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Sophie Molholm
- The Frederick J. and Marion A. Schindler Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, The Ernest J. Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
- The Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Departments of Pediatrics and Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine & Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - John S Butler
- The Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Departments of Pediatrics and Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine & Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Victor A Del Bene
- The Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Departments of Pediatrics and Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine & Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
- Heersink School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Tufikameni Brima
- The Frederick J. and Marion A. Schindler Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, The Ernest J. Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - John J Foxe
- The Frederick J. and Marion A. Schindler Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, The Ernest J. Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
- The Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Departments of Pediatrics and Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine & Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
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Pitcher D, Sliwinska MW, Kaiser D. TMS disruption of the lateral prefrontal cortex increases neural activity in the default mode network when naming facial expressions. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2023; 18:nsad072. [PMID: 38048419 PMCID: PMC10695328 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsad072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recognizing facial expressions is dependent on multiple brain networks specialized for different cognitive functions. In the current study, participants (N = 20) were scanned using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), while they performed a covert facial expression naming task. Immediately prior to scanning thetaburst transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was delivered over the right lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC), or the vertex control site. A group whole-brain analysis revealed that TMS induced opposite effects in the neural responses across different brain networks. Stimulation of the right PFC (compared to stimulation of the vertex) decreased neural activity in the left lateral PFC but increased neural activity in three nodes of the default mode network (DMN): the right superior frontal gyrus, right angular gyrus and the bilateral middle cingulate gyrus. A region of interest analysis showed that TMS delivered over the right PFC reduced neural activity across all functionally localised face areas (including in the PFC) compared to TMS delivered over the vertex. These results suggest that visually recognizing facial expressions is dependent on the dynamic interaction of the face-processing network and the DMN. Our study also demonstrates the utility of combined TMS/fMRI studies for revealing the dynamic interactions between different functional brain networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pitcher
- Department of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, York YO105DD, UK
| | | | - Daniel Kaiser
- Mathematical Institute, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Physics, Geography, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Gießen 35392, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behaviour, Philipps-Universität Marburg, and Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Marburg 35032, Germany
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Yan J, Li W, Zhang T, Zhang J, Jin Z, Li L. Structural and functional neural substrates underlying the concreteness effect. Brain Struct Funct 2023; 228:1493-1510. [PMID: 37389616 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02668-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The concreteness effect refers to the advantage in speed and accuracy of processing concrete words over abstract words. Previous studies have shown that the processing of the two types of words is mediated by distinct neural mechanisms, but these studies were mainly conducted with task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging. This study investigates the associations between the concreteness effect and grey matter volume (GMV) of brain regions as well as resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of these identified regions. The results show that the GMV of left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), right middle temporal gyrus (MTG), right supplementary motor area and right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) negatively correlates with the concreteness effect. The rsFC of the left IFG, the right MTG and the right ACC with the nodes, mainly in default mode network, frontoparietal network and dorsal attention network positively correlates with the concreteness effect. The GMV and rsFC jointly and respectively predict the concreteness effect in individuals. In conclusion, stronger connectivity amongst functional networks and higher coherent engagement of the right hemisphere predict a greater difference in the verbal memory of abstract and concrete words.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yan
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center for Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Foreign Languages, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center for Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center for Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junjun Zhang
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center for Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenlan Jin
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center for Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Li
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center for Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Fang M, Aglinskas A, Li Y, Anzellotti S. Angular Gyrus Responses Show Joint Statistical Dependence with Brain Regions Selective for Different Categories. J Neurosci 2023; 43:2756-2766. [PMID: 36894316 PMCID: PMC10089240 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1283-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Category selectivity is a fundamental principle of organization of perceptual brain regions. Human occipitotemporal cortex is subdivided into areas that respond preferentially to faces, bodies, artifacts, and scenes. However, observers need to combine information about objects from different categories to form a coherent understanding of the world. How is this multicategory information encoded in the brain? Studying the multivariate interactions between brain regions of male and female human subjects with fMRI and artificial neural networks, we found that the angular gyrus shows joint statistical dependence with multiple category-selective regions. Adjacent regions show effects for the combination of scenes and each other category, suggesting that scenes provide a context to combine information about the world. Additional analyses revealed a cortical map of areas that encode information across different subsets of categories, indicating that multicategory information is not encoded in a single centralized location, but in multiple distinct brain regions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Many cognitive tasks require combining information about entities from different categories. However, visual information about different categorical objects is processed by separate, specialized brain regions. How is the joint representation from multiple category-selective regions implemented in the brain? Using fMRI movie data and state-of-the-art multivariate statistical dependence based on artificial neural networks, we identified the angular gyrus encoding responses across face-, body-, artifact-, and scene-selective regions. Further, we showed a cortical map of areas that encode information across different subsets of categories. These findings suggest that multicategory information is not encoded in a single centralized location, but at multiple cortical sites which might contribute to distinct cognitive functions, offering insights to understand integration in a variety of domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Fang
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Boston, Massachusetts 02467
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Aidas Aglinskas
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Boston, Massachusetts 02467
| | - Yichen Li
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Stefano Anzellotti
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Boston, Massachusetts 02467
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11
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Characterizing different cognitive and neurobiological profiles in a community sample of children using a non-parametric approach: An fMRI study. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 60:101198. [PMID: 36652896 PMCID: PMC9853310 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Executive Functions (EF) is an umbrella term for a set of mental processes geared towards goal-directed behavior supporting academic skills such as reading abilities. One of the brain's functional networks implicated in EF is the Default Mode Network (DMN). The current study uses measures of inhibitory control, a main sub-function of EF, to create cognitive and neurobiological "inhibitory control profiles" and relate them to reading abilities in a large sample (N = 5055) of adolescents aged 9-10 from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Using a Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) approach, data related to inhibitory control was divided into four inhibition classes. For each class, functional connectivity within the DMN was calculated from resting-state data, using a non-parametric algorithm for detecting group similarities. These inhibitory control profiles were then related to reading abilities. The four inhibitory control groups showed significantly different reading abilities, with neurobiologically different DMN segregation profiles for each class versus controls. The current study demonstrates that a community sample of children is not entirely homogeneous and is composed of different subgroups that can be differentiated both behaviorally/cognitively and neurobiologically, by focusing on inhibitory control and the DMN. Educational implications relating these results to reading abilities are noted.
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12
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Seghier ML. Multiple functions of the angular gyrus at high temporal resolution. Brain Struct Funct 2023; 228:7-46. [PMID: 35674917 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-022-02512-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Here, the functions of the angular gyrus (AG) are evaluated in the light of current evidence from transcranial magnetic/electric stimulation (TMS/TES) and EEG/MEG studies. 65 TMS/TES and 52 EEG/MEG studies were examined in this review. TMS/TES literature points to a causal role in semantic processing, word and number processing, attention and visual search, self-guided movement, memory, and self-processing. EEG/MEG studies reported AG effects at latencies varying between 32 and 800 ms in a wide range of domains, with a high probability to detect an effect at 300-350 ms post-stimulus onset. A three-phase unifying model revolving around the process of sensemaking is then suggested: (1) early AG involvement in defining the current context, within the first 200 ms, with a bias toward the right hemisphere; (2) attention re-orientation and retrieval of relevant information within 200-500 ms; and (3) cross-modal integration at late latencies with a bias toward the left hemisphere. This sensemaking process can favour accuracy (e.g. for word and number processing) or plausibility (e.g. for comprehension and social cognition). Such functions of the AG depend on the status of other connected regions. The much-debated semantic role is also discussed as follows: (1) there is a strong TMS/TES evidence for a causal semantic role, (2) current EEG/MEG evidence is however weak, but (3) the existing arguments against a semantic role for the AG are not strong. Some outstanding questions for future research are proposed. This review recognizes that cracking the role(s) of the AG in cognition is possible only when its exact contributions within the default mode network are teased apart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed L Seghier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE. .,Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center (HEIC), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
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13
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Kilpatrick LA, Siddarth P, Krause-Sorio B, Milillo MM, Aguilar-Faustino Y, Ercoli L, Narr KL, Khalsa DS, Lavretsky H. Impact of Yoga Versus Memory Enhancement Training on Hippocampal Connectivity in Older Women at Risk for Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 95:149-159. [PMID: 37482992 PMCID: PMC10578221 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yoga may be an ideal early intervention for those with modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD) development. OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of Kundalini yoga (KY) training versus memory enhancement training (MET) on the resting-state connectivity of hippocampal subregions in women with subjective memory decline and cardiovascular risk factors for AD. METHODS Participants comprised women with subjective memory decline and cardiovascular risk factors who participated in a parent randomized controlled trial (NCT03503669) of 12-weeks of KY versus MET and completed pre- and post-intervention resting-state magnetic resonance imaging scans (yoga: n = 11, age = 61.45±6.58 years; MET: n = 11, age = 64.55±6.41 years). Group differences in parcellated (Cole-anticevic atlas) hippocampal connectivity changes (post- minus pre-intervention) were evaluated by partial least squares analysis, controlling for age. Correlations between hippocampal connectivity and perceived stress and frequency of forgetting (assessed by questionnaires) were also evaluated. RESULTS A left anterior hippocampal subregion assigned to the default mode network (DMN) in the Cole-anticevic atlas showed greater increases in connectivity with largely ventral visual stream regions with KY than with MET (p < 0.001), which showed associations with lower stress (p < 0.05). Several posterior hippocampal subregions assigned to sensory-based networks in the Cole-anticevic atlas showed greater increases in connectivity with regions largely in the DMN and frontoparietal network with MET than with KY (p < 0.001), which showed associations with lower frequency of forgetting (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION KY training may better target stress-related hippocampal connectivity, whereas MET may better target hippocampal sensory-integration supporting better memory reliability, in women with subjective memory decline and cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A. Kilpatrick
- Department of Psychiatry, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Prabha Siddarth
- Department of Psychiatry, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Beatrix Krause-Sorio
- Department of Psychiatry, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michaela M. Milillo
- Department of Psychiatry, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yesenia Aguilar-Faustino
- Department of Psychiatry, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Linda Ercoli
- Department of Psychiatry, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Katherine L. Narr
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Helen Lavretsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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14
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Labek K, Sittenberger E, Kienhöfer V, Rabl L, Messina I, Schurz M, Stingl JC, Viviani R. The gradient model of brain organization in decisions involving “empathy for pain”. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:5839-5850. [PMID: 36537039 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Influential models of cortical organization propose a close relationship between heteromodal association areas and highly connected hubs in the default mode network. The “gradient model” of cortical organization proposes a close relationship between these areas and highly connected hubs in the default mode network, a set of cortical areas deactivated by demanding tasks. Here, we used a decision-making task and representational similarity analysis with classic “empathy for pain” stimuli to probe the relationship between high-level representations of imminent pain in others and these areas. High-level representations were colocalized with task deactivations or the transitions from activations to deactivations. These loci belonged to 2 groups: those that loaded on the high end of the principal cortical gradient and were associated by meta-analytic decoding with the default mode network, and those that appeared to accompany functional repurposing of somatosensory cortex in the presence of visual stimuli. These findings suggest that task deactivations may set out cortical areas that host high-level representations. We anticipate that an increased understanding of the cortical correlates of high-level representations may improve neurobiological models of social interactions and psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Labek
- University of Innsbruck Institute of Psychology, , Universitätsstraße 5-7, 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Elisa Sittenberger
- University of Ulm Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Clinic III, , Leimgrubenweg 12, 89075 Ulm , Germany
| | - Valerie Kienhöfer
- University of Innsbruck Institute of Psychology, , Universitätsstraße 5-7, 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
- University of Ulm Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Clinic III, , Leimgrubenweg 12, 89075 Ulm , Germany
| | - Luna Rabl
- University of Innsbruck Institute of Psychology, , Universitätsstraße 5-7, 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
- University of Ulm Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Clinic III, , Leimgrubenweg 12, 89075 Ulm , Germany
| | - Irene Messina
- University of Ulm Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Clinic III, , Leimgrubenweg 12, 89075 Ulm , Germany
- Scienze e Tecniche Psicologiche,Universitas Mercatorum , Piazza Mattei 10, 00186 Rome , Italy
| | - Matthias Schurz
- University of Innsbruck Institute of Psychology, , Universitätsstraße 5-7, 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
- University of Innsbruck Digital Science Center (DiSC), , Innrain 15, 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Julia C Stingl
- University Clinic Aachen Clinical Pharmacology, , Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen , Germany
| | - Roberto Viviani
- University of Innsbruck Institute of Psychology, , Universitätsstraße 5-7, 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
- University of Ulm Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Clinic III, , Leimgrubenweg 12, 89075 Ulm , Germany
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15
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Souter NE, Wang X, Thompson H, Krieger-Redwood K, Halai AD, Lambon Ralph MA, Thiebaut de Schotten M, Jefferies E. Mapping lesion, structural disconnection, and functional disconnection to symptoms in semantic aphasia. Brain Struct Funct 2022; 227:3043-3061. [PMID: 35786743 PMCID: PMC9653334 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-022-02526-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Patients with semantic aphasia have impaired control of semantic retrieval, often accompanied by executive dysfunction following left hemisphere stroke. Many but not all of these patients have damage to the left inferior frontal gyrus, important for semantic and cognitive control. Yet semantic and cognitive control networks are highly distributed, including posterior as well as anterior components. Accordingly, semantic aphasia might not only reflect local damage but also white matter structural and functional disconnection. Here, we characterise the lesions and predicted patterns of structural and functional disconnection in individuals with semantic aphasia and relate these effects to semantic and executive impairment. Impaired semantic cognition was associated with infarction in distributed left-hemisphere regions, including in the left anterior inferior frontal and posterior temporal cortex. Lesions were associated with executive dysfunction within a set of adjacent but distinct left frontoparietal clusters. Performance on executive tasks was also associated with interhemispheric structural disconnection across the corpus callosum. In contrast, poor semantic cognition was associated with small left-lateralized structurally disconnected clusters, including in the left posterior temporal cortex. Little insight was gained from functional disconnection symptom mapping. These results demonstrate that while left-lateralized semantic and executive control regions are often damaged together in stroke aphasia, these deficits are associated with distinct patterns of structural disconnection, consistent with the bilateral nature of executive control and the left-lateralized yet distributed semantic control network.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiuyi Wang
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hannah Thompson
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | | | - Ajay D Halai
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Michel Thiebaut de Schotten
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Laboratory, Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives-UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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16
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Complementary hemispheric lateralization of language and social processing in the human brain. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111617. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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17
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Krieger-Redwood K, Steward A, Gao Z, Wang X, Halai A, Smallwood J, Jefferies E. Creativity in verbal associations is linked to semantic control. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:5135-5147. [PMID: 36222614 PMCID: PMC10152057 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although memory is known to play a key role in creativity, previous studies have not isolated the critical component processes and networks. We asked participants to generate links between words that ranged from strongly related to completely unrelated in long-term memory, delineating the neurocognitive processes that underpin more unusual versus stereotypical patterns of retrieval. More creative responses to strongly associated word-pairs were associated with greater engagement of episodic memory: in highly familiar situations, semantic, and episodic stores converge on the same information enabling participants to form a personal link between items. This pattern of retrieval was associated with greater engagement of core default mode network (DMN). In contrast, more creative responses to weakly associated word-pairs were associated with the controlled retrieval of less dominant semantic information and greater recruitment of the semantic control network, which overlaps with the dorsomedial subsystem of DMN. Although both controlled semantic and episodic patterns of retrieval are associated with activation within DMN, these processes show little overlap in activation. These findings demonstrate that controlled aspects of semantic cognition play an important role in verbal creativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katya Krieger-Redwood
- Department of Psychology, York Neuroimaging Centre, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Steward
- Department of Psychology, York Neuroimaging Centre, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.,Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig Maximilians-Universität, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Zhiyao Gao
- Department of Psychology, York Neuroimaging Centre, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Xiuyi Wang
- Department of Psychology, York Neuroimaging Centre, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.,CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ajay Halai
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, 15 Chaucer Rd, Cambridge, CB2 7EF, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Smallwood
- Department of Psychology, Humphrey Hall, 62 Arch Street, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Jefferies
- Department of Psychology, York Neuroimaging Centre, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
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18
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Chiou R, Jefferies E, Duncan J, Humphreys GF, Lambon Ralph MA. A middle ground where executive control meets semantics: the neural substrates of semantic control are topographically sandwiched between the multiple-demand and default-mode systems. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:4512-4526. [PMID: 36130101 PMCID: PMC10110444 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Semantic control is the capability to operate on meaningful representations, selectively focusing on certain aspects of meaning while purposefully ignoring other aspects based on one's behavioral aim. This ability is especially vital for comprehending figurative/ambiguous language. It remains unclear why and how regions involved in semantic control seem reliably juxtaposed alongside other functionally specialized regions in the association cortex, prompting speculation about the relationship between topography and function. We investigated this issue by characterizing how semantic control regions topographically relate to the default-mode network (associated with memory and abstract cognition) and multiple-demand network (associated with executive control). Topographically, we established that semantic control areas were sandwiched by the default-mode and multi-demand networks, forming an orderly arrangement observed both at the individual and group level. Functionally, semantic control regions exhibited "hybrid" responses, fusing generic preferences for cognitively demanding operation (multiple-demand) and for meaningful representations (default-mode) into a domain-specific preference for difficult operation on meaningful representations. When projected onto the principal gradient of human connectome, the neural activity of semantic control showed a robustly dissociable trajectory from visuospatial control, implying different roles in the functional transition from sensation to cognition. We discuss why the hybrid functional profile of semantic control regions might result from their intermediate topographical positions on the cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Chiou
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, CB2 7EF, UK.,Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | | | - John Duncan
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, CB2 7EF, UK.,Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Gina F Humphreys
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, CB2 7EF, UK
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19
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Ovando-Tellez M, Benedek M, Kenett YN, Hills T, Bouanane S, Bernard M, Belo J, Bieth T, Volle E. An investigation of the cognitive and neural correlates of semantic memory search related to creative ability. Commun Biol 2022; 5:604. [PMID: 35710948 PMCID: PMC9203494 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03547-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Creative ideas likely result from searching and combining semantic memory knowledge, yet the mechanisms acting on memory to yield creative ideas remain unclear. Here, we identified the neurocognitive correlates of semantic search components related to creative abilities. We designed an associative fluency task based on polysemous words and distinguished two search components related to clustering and switching between the different meanings of the polysemous words. Clustering correlated with divergent thinking, while switching correlated with the ability to combine remote associates. Furthermore, switching correlated with semantic memory structure and executive abilities, and was predicted by connectivity between the default, control, and salience neural networks. In contrast, clustering relied on interactions between control, salience, and attentional neural networks. Our results suggest that switching captures interactions between memory structure and control processes guiding the search whereas clustering may capture attentional controlled processes for persistent search, and that alternations between exploratory search and focused attention support creativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Ovando-Tellez
- Sorbonne University, FrontLab at Paris Brain Institute (ICM), INSERM, CNRS, 75013, Paris, France.
| | | | - Yoed N Kenett
- Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Management, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Thomas Hills
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, University Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Sarah Bouanane
- Sorbonne University, FrontLab at Paris Brain Institute (ICM), INSERM, CNRS, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Bernard
- Sorbonne University, FrontLab at Paris Brain Institute (ICM), INSERM, CNRS, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Joan Belo
- Sorbonne University, FrontLab at Paris Brain Institute (ICM), INSERM, CNRS, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Theophile Bieth
- Sorbonne University, FrontLab at Paris Brain Institute (ICM), INSERM, CNRS, 75013, Paris, France.,Neurology Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, AP-HP, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Volle
- Sorbonne University, FrontLab at Paris Brain Institute (ICM), INSERM, CNRS, 75013, Paris, France.
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20
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Mancuso L, Cavuoti-Cabanillas S, Liloia D, Manuello J, Buzi G, Cauda F, Costa T. Tasks activating the default mode network map multiple functional systems. Brain Struct Funct 2022; 227:1711-1734. [PMID: 35179638 PMCID: PMC9098625 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-022-02467-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in network neuroscience suggest reconsidering what we thought we knew about the default mode network (DMN). Although this network has always been seen as unitary and associated with the resting state, a new deconstructive line of research is pointing out that the DMN could be divided into multiple subsystems supporting different functions. By now, it is well known that the DMN is not only deactivated by tasks, but also involved in affective, mnestic, and social paradigms, among others. Nonetheless, it is starting to become clear that the array of activities in which it is involved, might also be extended to more extrinsic functions. The present meta-analytic study is meant to push this boundary a bit further. The BrainMap database was searched for all experimental paradigms activating the DMN, and their activation likelihood estimation maps were then computed. An additional map of task-induced deactivations was also created. A multidimensional scaling indicated that such maps could be arranged along an anatomo-psychological gradient, which goes from midline core activations, associated with the most internal functions, to that of lateral cortices, involved in more external tasks. Further multivariate investigations suggested that such extrinsic mode is especially related to reward, semantic, and emotional functions. However, an important finding was that the various activation maps were often different from the canonical representation of the resting-state DMN, sometimes overlapping with it only in some peripheral nodes, and including external regions such as the insula. Altogether, our findings suggest that the intrinsic-extrinsic opposition may be better understood in the form of a continuous scale, rather than a dichotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Mancuso
- FOCUS Lab Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Via Giuseppe Verdi 10, 10124, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Donato Liloia
- FOCUS Lab Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Via Giuseppe Verdi 10, 10124, Turin, Italy
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Jordi Manuello
- FOCUS Lab Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Via Giuseppe Verdi 10, 10124, Turin, Italy
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Buzi
- FOCUS Lab Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Via Giuseppe Verdi 10, 10124, Turin, Italy
| | - Franco Cauda
- FOCUS Lab Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Via Giuseppe Verdi 10, 10124, Turin, Italy
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Tommaso Costa
- FOCUS Lab Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Via Giuseppe Verdi 10, 10124, Turin, Italy.
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
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21
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Hu Q, Li Y, Wu Y, Lin X, Zhao X. Brain network hierarchy reorganization in Alzheimer's disease: A resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:3498-3507. [PMID: 35426973 PMCID: PMC9248302 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hierarchy is a fundamental organizational principle of the human brain network. Whether and how the network hierarchy changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains unclear. To explore brain network hierarchy alterations in AD and their clinical relevance. Forty‐nine healthy controls (HCs), 49 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 49 patients with AD were included. The brain network hierarchy of each group was depicted by connectome gradient analyses. We assessed the network hierarchy changes by comparing the gradient values in each network across the AD, MCI, and HC groups. Whole‐brain voxel‐level gradient values were compared across the AD, MCI, and HC groups to identify abnormal brain regions. Finally, we examined the relationships between altered gradient values and clinical features. In the secondary gradient, the posterior default mode network (DMN) gradient values decreased significantly in patients with AD compared with HCs. Regionally, compared with HCs, both MCI and AD groups showed that most of the brain regions with increased gradient values were located in anterior DMN, while most of the brain regions with decreased gradient values were located in posterior DMN. The decrease of gradients in the left middle occipital gyrus was associated with better logical memory performance. The increase of gradients in the right middle frontal gyrus was associated with lower rates of dementia. The network hierarchy changed characteristically in patients with AD and was closely related to memory function and disease severity. These results provide a novel view for further understanding the underlying neuro‐mechanisms of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qili Hu
- Department of Imaging The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Yunfei Li
- Department of Imaging The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Yunying Wu
- Bio‐X Laboratory, Department of Physics Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou China
| | - Xiaomei Lin
- Department of Imaging The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Xiaohu Zhao
- Department of Imaging The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai China
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22
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Neural differences in social and figurative language processing on the autism spectrum. Neuropsychologia 2022; 171:108240. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Gao Z, Zheng L, Gouws A, Krieger-Redwood K, Wang X, Varga D, Smallwood J, Jefferies E. Context free and context-dependent conceptual representation in the brain. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:152-166. [PMID: 35196710 PMCID: PMC9758583 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
How concepts are coded in the brain is a core issue in cognitive neuroscience. Studies have focused on how individual concepts are processed, but the way in which conceptual representation changes to suit the context is unclear. We parametrically manipulated the association strength between words, presented in pairs one word at a time using a slow event-related fMRI design. We combined representational similarity analysis and computational linguistics to probe the neurocomputational content of these trials. Individual word meaning was maintained in supramarginal gyrus (associated with verbal short-term memory) when items were judged to be unrelated, but not when a linking context was retrieved. Context-dependent meaning was instead represented in left lateral prefrontal gyrus (associated with controlled retrieval), angular gyrus, and ventral temporal lobe (regions associated with integrative aspects of memory). Analyses of informational connectivity, examining the similarity of activation patterns across trials between sites, showed that control network regions had more similar multivariate responses across trials when association strength was weak, reflecting a common controlled retrieval state when the task required more unusual associations. These findings indicate that semantic control and representational sites amplify contextually relevant meanings in trials judged to be related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyao Gao
- Department of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, NY YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Li Zheng
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, United States
| | - André Gouws
- Department of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, NY YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Katya Krieger-Redwood
- Department of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, NY YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Xiuyi Wang
- Department of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, NY YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Dominika Varga
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Smallwood
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Jefferies
- Corresponding author: Department of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, NY YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.
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24
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Bernhardt BC, Smallwood J, Keilholz S, Margulies DS. Gradients in Brain Organization. Neuroimage 2022; 251:118987. [PMID: 35151850 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.118987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Boris C Bernhardt
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | | | - Shella Keilholz
- Biomedical Engineering, Emory University / Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Daniel S Margulies
- Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition Center, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and Université de Paris, Paris, France
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25
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Shao X, Mckeown B, Karapanagiotidis T, Vos de Wael R, Margulies DS, Bernhardt B, Smallwood J, Krieger-Redwood K, Jefferies E. Individual differences in gradients of intrinsic connectivity within the semantic network relate to distinct aspects of semantic cognition. Cortex 2022; 150:48-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2022.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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26
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Amer T, Wynn JS, Hasher L. Cluttered memory representations shape cognition in old age. Trends Cogn Sci 2022; 26:255-267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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27
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Morales M, Patel T, Tamm A, Pickering MJ, Hoffman P. Similar Neural Networks Respond to Coherence during Comprehension and Production of Discourse. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:4317-4330. [PMID: 35059718 PMCID: PMC9528896 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
When comprehending discourse, listeners engage default-mode regions associated with integrative semantic processing to construct a situation model of its content. We investigated how similar networks are engaged when we produce, as well as comprehend, discourse. During functional magnetic resonance imaging, participants spoke about a series of specific topics and listened to discourse on other topics. We tested how activation was predicted by natural fluctuations in the global coherence of the discourse, that is, the degree to which utterances conformed to the expected topic. The neural correlates of coherence were similar across speaking and listening, particularly in default-mode regions. This network showed greater activation when less coherent speech was heard or produced, reflecting updating of mental representations when discourse did not conform to the expected topic. In contrast, regions that exert control over semantic activation showed task-specific effects, correlating negatively with coherence during listening but not during production. Participants who showed greater activation in left inferior prefrontal cortex also produced more coherent discourse, suggesting a specific role for this region in goal-directed regulation of speech content. Results suggest strong correspondence of discourse representations during speaking and listening. However, they indicate that the semantic control network plays different roles in comprehension and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Morales
- School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Tanvi Patel
- School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Andres Tamm
- School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Martin J Pickering
- School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Paul Hoffman
- Address correspondence to Dr Paul Hoffman, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK.
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28
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Zhang M, Nathaniel U, Savill N, Smallwood J, Jefferies E. Intrinsic connectivity of left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex predicts individual differences in controlled semantic retrieval. Neuroimage 2021; 246:118760. [PMID: 34875381 PMCID: PMC8784820 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Control processes allow us to constrain the retrieval of semantic information from long-term memory so that it is appropriate for the task or context. Control demands are influenced by the strength of the target information itself and by the circumstances in which it is retrieved, with more control needed when relatively weak aspects of knowledge are required and after the sustained retrieval of related concepts. To investigate the neurocognitive basis of individual differences in these aspects of semantic control, we used resting-state fMRI to characterise the intrinsic connectivity of left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC), implicated in controlled retrieval, and examined associations on a paced serial semantic task, in which participants were asked to detect category members amongst distractors. This task manipulated both the strength of target associations and the requirement to sustain retrieval within a narrow semantic category over time. We found that individuals with stronger connectivity between VLPFC and medial prefrontal cortex within the default mode network (DMN) showed better retrieval of strong associations (which are thought to be recalled more automatically). Stronger connectivity between the same VLPFC seed and another DMN region in medial parietal cortex was associated with larger declines in retrieval over the course of the category. In contrast, participants with stronger connectivity between VLPFC and cognitive control regions within the ventral attention network (VAN) had better controlled retrieval of weak associations and were better able to sustain their comprehension throughout the category. These effects overlapped in left insular cortex within the VAN, indicating that a common pattern of connectivity is associated with different aspects of controlled semantic retrieval induced by both the structure of long-term knowledge and the sustained retrieval of related information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meichao Zhang
- Department of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD, York, UK.
| | - Upasana Nathaniel
- Institute of Information Processing and Decision Making, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
| | - Nicola Savill
- School of Education, Language & Psychology, York St John University, YO31 7EX, York, UK
| | - Jonathan Smallwood
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Jefferies
- Department of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD, York, UK.
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29
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Souter NE, Lindquist KA, Jefferies E. Impaired emotion perception and categorization in semantic aphasia. Neuropsychologia 2021; 162:108052. [PMID: 34624259 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.108052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
According to a constructionist model of emotion, conceptual knowledge plays a foundational role in emotion perception; reduced availability of relevant conceptual knowledge should therefore impair emotion perception. Conceptual deficits can follow both degradation of semantic knowledge (e.g., semantic 'storage' deficits in semantic dementia) and deregulation of retrieval (e.g., semantic 'access' deficits in semantic aphasia). While emotion recognition deficits are known to accompany degraded conceptual knowledge, less is known about the impact of semantic access deficits. Here, we examined emotion perception and categorization tasks in patients with semantic aphasia, who have difficulty accessing semantic information in a flexible and controlled fashion following left hemisphere stroke. In Study 1, participants were asked to sort faces according to the emotion they portrayed - with numbers, written labels and picture examples each provided as category anchors across tasks. Semantic aphasia patients made more errors and showed a larger benefit from word anchors that reduced the need to internally constrain categorization than comparison participants. They successfully sorted portrayals that differed in valence (positive vs. negative) but had difficulty categorizing different negative emotions. They were unimpaired on a control task that involved sorting faces by identity. In Study 2, participants matched facial emotion portrayals to written labels following vocal emotion prosody cues, miscues, or no cues. Patients presented with overall poorer performance and benefited from cue trials relative to within-valence miscue trials. This same effect was seen in comparison participants, who also showed deleterious effects of within-valence miscue relative to no cue trials. Overall, we found that patients with deregulated semantic retrieval have deficits in emotional perception but that word anchors and cue conditions can facilitate emotion perception by increasing access to relevant emotion concepts and reducing reliance on semantic control. Semantic control may be of particular importance in emotion perception when it is necessary to interpret ambiguous inputs, or when there is interference between conceptually similar emotional states. These findings extend constructionist accounts of emotion to encompass difficulties in controlled semantic retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristen A Lindquist
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3270, USA.
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30
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Feng C, Gu R, Li T, Wang L, Zhang Z, Luo W, Eickhoff SB. Separate neural networks of implicit emotional processing between pictures and words: A coordinate-based meta-analysis of brain imaging studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:331-344. [PMID: 34562542 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Both pictures and words are frequently employed as experimental stimuli to investigate the neurocognitive mechanisms of emotional processing. However, it remains unclear whether emotional picture processing and emotional word processing share neural underpinnings. To address this issue, we focus on neuroimaging studies examining the implicit processing of affective words and pictures, which require participants to meet cognitive task demands under the implicit influence of emotional pictorial or verbal stimuli. A coordinate-based activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis was conducted on these studies, which revealed no common activation maximum between the picture and word conditions. Specifically, implicit negative picture processing (35 experiments, 393 foci, and 932 subjects) engages the bilateral amygdala, left hippocampus, fusiform gyri, and right insula, which are mainly located in the subcortical network and visual network associated with bottom-up emotional responses. In contrast, implicit negative word processing (34 experiments, 316 foci, and 799 subjects) engages the default mode network and fronto-parietal network including the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, indicating the involvement of top-down semantic processing and emotion regulation. Our findings indicate that affective pictures (that intrinsically have an affective valence) and affective words (that inherit the affective valence from their object) modulate implicit emotional processing in different ways, and therefore recruit distinct brain systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunliang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ruolei Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Ting Li
- Institute of Brain Research and Rehabilitation (IBRR), South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment for Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenbo Luo
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
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31
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Lumaca M, Vuust P, Baggio G. Network Analysis of Human Brain Connectivity Reveals Neural Fingerprints of a Compositionality Bias in Signaling Systems. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:1704-1720. [PMID: 34476458 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Compositionality is a hallmark of human language and other symbolic systems: a finite set of meaningful elements can be systematically combined to convey an open-ended array of ideas. Compositionality is not uniformly distributed over expressions in a language or over individuals' communicative behavior: at both levels, variation is observed. Here, we investigate the neural bases of interindividual variability by probing the relationship between intrinsic characteristics of brain networks and compositional behavior. We first collected functional resting-state and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging data from a large participant sample (N = 51). Subsequently, participants took part in two signaling games. They were instructed to learn and reproduce an auditory symbolic system of signals (tone sequences) associated with affective meanings (human faces expressing emotions). Signal-meaning mappings were artificial and had to be learned via repeated signaling interactions. We identified a temporoparietal network in which connection length was related to the degree of compositionality introduced in a signaling system by each player. Graph-theoretic analysis of resting-state functional connectivity revealed that, within that network, compositional behavior was associated with integration measures in 2 semantic hubs: the left posterior cingulate cortex and the left angular gyrus. Our findings link individual variability in compositional biases to variation in the anatomy of semantic networks and in the functional topology of their constituent units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Lumaca
- Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & The Royal Academy of Music, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Peter Vuust
- Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & The Royal Academy of Music, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Giosuè Baggio
- Language Acquisition and Language Processing Lab, Department of Language and Literature, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7941 Trondheim, Norway
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32
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Gao Z, Zheng L, Chiou R, Gouws A, Krieger-Redwood K, Wang X, Varga D, Ralph MAL, Smallwood J, Jefferies E. Distinct and common neural coding of semantic and non-semantic control demands. Neuroimage 2021; 236:118230. [PMID: 34089873 PMCID: PMC8271095 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The flexible retrieval of knowledge is critical in everyday situations involving problem solving, reasoning and social interaction. Current theories emphasise the importance of a left-lateralised semantic control network (SCN) in supporting flexible semantic behaviour, while a bilateral multiple-demand network (MDN) is implicated in executive functions across domains. No study, however, has examined whether semantic and non-semantic demands are reflected in a common neural code within regions specifically implicated in semantic control. Using functional MRI and univariate parametric modulation analysis as well as multivariate pattern analysis, we found that semantic and non-semantic demands gave rise to both similar and distinct neural responses across control-related networks. Though activity patterns in SCN and MDN could decode the difficulty of both semantic and verbal working memory decisions, there was no shared common neural coding of cognitive demands in SCN regions. In contrast, regions in MDN showed common patterns across manipulations of semantic and working memory control demands, with successful cross-classification of difficulty across tasks. Therefore, SCN and MDN can be dissociated according to the information they maintain about cognitive demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyao Gao
- Department of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Li Zheng
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - Rocco Chiou
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 7EF, United Kingdom
| | - André Gouws
- Department of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Katya Krieger-Redwood
- Department of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Xiuyi Wang
- Department of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Dominika Varga
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew A Lambon Ralph
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 7EF, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Smallwood
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Jefferies
- Department of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.
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33
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The default mode network in cognition: a topographical perspective. Nat Rev Neurosci 2021; 22:503-513. [PMID: 34226715 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-021-00474-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The default mode network (DMN) is a set of widely distributed brain regions in the parietal, temporal and frontal cortex. These regions often show reductions in activity during attention-demanding tasks but increase their activity across multiple forms of complex cognition, many of which are linked to memory or abstract thought. Within the cortex, the DMN has been shown to be located in regions furthest away from those contributing to sensory and motor systems. Here, we consider how our knowledge of the topographic characteristics of the DMN can be leveraged to better understand how this network contributes to cognition and behaviour.
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34
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Li J, Pylkkänen L. Disentangling Semantic Composition and Semantic Association in the Left Temporal Lobe. J Neurosci 2021; 41:6526-6538. [PMID: 34131034 PMCID: PMC8318083 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2317-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although composing two words into a complex representation (e.g., "coffee cake") is conceptually different from forming associations between a pair of words (e.g., "coffee, cake"), the brain regions supporting semantic composition have also been implicated for associative encoding. Here, we adopted a two-word magnetoencephalography (MEG) paradigm which varies compositionality ("French/Korean cheese" vs "France/Korea cheese") and strength of association ("France/French cheese" vs "Korea/Korean cheese") between the two words. We collected MEG data while 42 English speakers (24 females) viewed the two words successively in the scanner, and we applied both univariate regression analyses and multivariate pattern classification to the source estimates of the two words. We show that the left anterior temporal lobe (LATL) and left middle temporal lobe (LMTL) are distinctively modulated by semantic composition and semantic association. Specifically, the LATL is mostly sensitive to high-association compositional phrases, while the LMTL responds more to low-association compositional phrases. Pattern-based directed connectivity analyses further revealed a continuous information flow from the anterior to the middle temporal region, suggesting that the integration of adjective and noun properties originated earlier in the LATL is consistently delivered to the LMTL when the complex meaning is newly encountered. Taken together, our findings shed light into a functional dissociation within the left temporal lobe for compositional and distributional semantic processing.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Prior studies on semantic composition and associative encoding have been conducted independently within the subfields of language and memory, and they typically adopt similar two-word experimental paradigms. However, no direct comparison has been made on the neural substrates of the two processes. The current study relates the two streams of literature, and appeals to audiences in both subfields within cognitive neuroscience. Disentangling the neural computations for semantic composition and association also offers insight into modeling compositional and distributional semantics, which has been the subject of much discussion in natural language processing and cognitive science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixing Li
- NYUAD Institute, New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Liina Pylkkänen
- NYUAD Institute, New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Linguistics, New York University, New York, New York 10003
- Department of Psychology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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35
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Lioi G, Gripon V, Brahim A, Rousseau F, Farrugia N. Gradients of connectivity as graph Fourier bases of brain activity. Netw Neurosci 2021; 5:322-336. [PMID: 34189367 PMCID: PMC8233110 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of graph theory to model the complex structure and function of the brain has shed new light on its organization, prompting the emergence of network neuroscience. Despite the tremendous progress that has been achieved in this field, still relatively few methods exploit the topology of brain networks to analyze brain activity. Recent attempts in this direction have leveraged on the one hand graph spectral analysis (to decompose brain connectivity into eigenmodes or gradients) and the other graph signal processing (to decompose brain activity "coupled to" an underlying network in graph Fourier modes). These studies have used a variety of imaging techniques (e.g., fMRI, electroencephalography, diffusion-weighted and myelin-sensitive imaging) and connectivity estimators to model brain networks. Results are promising in terms of interpretability and functional relevance, but methodologies and terminology are variable. The goals of this paper are twofold. First, we summarize recent contributions related to connectivity gradients and graph signal processing, and attempt a clarification of the terminology and methods used in the field, while pointing out current methodological limitations. Second, we discuss the perspective that the functional relevance of connectivity gradients could be fruitfully exploited by considering them as graph Fourier bases of brain activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abdelbasset Brahim
- INSERM, Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l’Image (LTSI) U1099, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
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36
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Li Q, Tavakol S, Royer J, Larivière S, Vos De Wael R, Park BY, Paquola C, Zeng D, Caldairou B, Bassett DS, Bernasconi A, Bernasconi N, Frauscher B, Smallwood J, Caciagli L, Li S, Bernhardt BC. Atypical neural topographies underpin dysfunctional pattern separation in temporal lobe epilepsy. Brain 2021; 144:2486-2498. [PMID: 33730163 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Episodic memory is the ability to accurately remember events from our past. The process of pattern separation is hypothesized to underpin this ability and is defined as the ability to orthogonalize memory traces, to maximize the features that make them unique. Contemporary cognitive neuroscience suggests that pattern separation entails complex interactions between the hippocampus and the neocortex, where specific hippocampal subregions shape neural reinstatement in the neocortex. To test this hypothesis, the current work studied both healthy controls and patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) who present with hippocampal structural anomalies. In all participants, we measured neural activity using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while they retrieved memorized items compared to lure items which share features with the target. Behaviorally, TLE patients were less able to exclude lures than controls, and showed a reduction in pattern separation. To assess the hypothesized relationship between neural patterns in the hippocampus and the neocortex, we identified topographic gradients of intrinsic connectivity along neocortical and hippocampal subfield surfaces and identified the topographic profile of the neural activity accompanying pattern separation. In healthy controls, pattern separation followed a graded pattern of neural activity, both along the hippocampal long axis (and peaked in anterior segments that are more heavily engaged in transmodal processing) and along the neocortical hierarchy running from unimodal to transmodal regions (peaking in transmodal default mode regions). In TLE patients, however, this concordance between task-based functional activations and topographic gradients was markedly reduced. Furthermore, person specific measures of concordance between task-related activity and connectivity gradients in patients and controls related to inter-individual differences in behavioral measures of pattern separation and episodic memory, highlighting the functional relevance of the observed topographic motifs. Our work is consistent with an emerging understanding that successful discrimination between memories with similar features entails a shift in the locus of neural activity away from sensory systems, a pattern that is mirrored along the hippocampal long axis and with respect to neocortical hierarchies. More broadly, our study establishes topographic profiling using intrinsic connectivity gradients captures the functional underpinnings of episodic memory processes in manner that is sensitive to their reorganization in pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongling Li
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shahin Tavakol
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jessica Royer
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sara Larivière
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Reinder Vos De Wael
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Bo-Yong Park
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Casey Paquola
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Debin Zeng
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Benoit Caldairou
- Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Danielle S Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.,Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.,Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA
| | - Andrea Bernasconi
- Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Neda Bernasconi
- Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Birgit Frauscher
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Lorenzo Caciagli
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Shuyu Li
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Boris C Bernhardt
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Roles of the Default Mode and Multiple-Demand Networks in Naturalistic versus Symbolic Decisions. J Neurosci 2021; 41:2214-2228. [PMID: 33472829 PMCID: PMC8018769 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1888-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The default mode network (DMN) is often associated with representing semantic, social, and situational content of contexts and episodes. The DMN may therefore be important for contextual decision-making, through representing situational constraints and simulating common courses of events. Most decision-making paradigms, however, use symbolic stimuli and instead implicate cognitive control regions, such as the multiple demand (MD) system. This fMRI study aimed to contrast the brain mechanisms underlying decision-making based on rich naturalistic contexts or symbolic cues. While performing an ongoing task, 40 human participants (25 female) responded to different sounds. For one sound, the stimulus-response mapping was fixed; responses for the other sounds depended on the visual context: either lifelike scenes or letter symbols, varying across participants. Despite minimal behavioral differences between the groups, posterior DMN regions showed increased activity during context-dependent decision-making using the naturalistic scenes only, compared with symbolic cues. More anterior temporal and frontal DMN regions showed a different pattern, with sensitivity to the need for contextual control, but not to the type of context. Furthermore, in the scenes group, widespread DMN regions showed stronger representation of not just the context but also the sound whose significance it modulated. In comparison, the MD system showed strong univariate activity for every decision, but, intriguingly, somewhat reduced activity in the case of a scene-based but demanding context-dependent decision. Depending on context, we suggest, either DMN or MD regions may play a prominent role in selection and control of appropriate behavior. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Contextual knowledge is widely believed to be important for guiding real-world goal-directed behavior. Much remains to be understood, however, regarding the underlying brain mechanisms. Using a novel paradigm to contrast decisions based on richly meaningful naturalistic scenes with decisions based on symbolic cues, we find that both multiple demand regions and default mode regions may contribute to the cognitive control of behavior. Rich semantic context enhances representation not just of the context itself, but also of the contents of the decision that it controls. Dependence of a decision on naturalistic context can also reverse the common pattern of multiple demand regions responding more, and default mode regions responding less, to more difficult decisions.
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Controlled semantic summation correlates with intrinsic connectivity between default mode and control networks. Cortex 2020; 129:356-375. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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