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Zamboni E, Makin ADJ, Bertamini M, Morland AB. The role of task on the human brain's responses to, and representation of, visual regularity defined by reflection and rotation. Neuroimage 2024; 297:120760. [PMID: 39069225 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Identifying and segmenting objects in an image is generally achieved effortlessly and is facilitated by the presence of symmetry: a principle of perceptual organisation used to interpret sensory inputs from the retina into meaningful representations. However, while imaging studies show evidence of symmetry selective responses across extrastriate visual areas in the human brain, whether symmetry is processed automatically is still under debate. We used functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to study the response to and representation of two types of symmetry: reflection and rotation. Dot pattern stimuli were presented to 15 human participants (10 female) under stimulus-relevant (symmetry) and stimulus-irrelevant (luminance) task conditions. Our results show that symmetry-selective responses emerge from area V3 and extend throughout extrastriate visual areas. This response is largely maintained when participants engage in the stimulus irrelevant task, suggesting an automaticity to processing visual symmetry. Our multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA) results extend these findings by suggesting that not only spatial organisation of responses to symmetrical patterns can be distinguished from that of non-symmetrical (random) patterns, but also that representation of reflection and rotation symmetry can be differentiated in extrastriate and object-selective visual areas. Moreover, task demands did not affect the neural representation of the symmetry information. Intriguingly, our MVPA results show an interesting dissociation: representation of luminance (stimulus irrelevant feature) is maintained in visual cortex only when task relevant, while information of the spatial configuration of the stimuli is available across task conditions. This speaks in favour of the automaticity for processing perceptual organisation: extrastriate visual areas compute and represent global, spatial properties irrespective of the task at hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Zamboni
- University of Nottingham, School of Psychology, Nottingham, United Kingdom; University of York, Department of Psychology, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom; University of York, York Neuroimaging Centre, York, United Kingdom
| | - Alexis D J Makin
- University of Liverpool, Department of Psychological Sciences, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Bertamini
- University of Liverpool, Department of Psychological Sciences, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Psicologia Generale, Padova, IT, Italy
| | - Antony B Morland
- University of York, Department of Psychology, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom; University of York, York Neuroimaging Centre, York, United Kingdom; University of York, York Biomedical Research Institute, York, United Kingdom.
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Wang P, Guo SJ, Li HJ. Brain imaging of a gamified cognitive flexibility task in young and older adults. Brain Imaging Behav 2024; 18:902-912. [PMID: 38627304 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-024-00883-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/31/2024]
Abstract
The study aimed to develop and validate a gamified cognitive flexibility task through brain imaging, and to investigate behavioral and brain activation differences between young and older adults during task performance. Thirty-one young adults (aged 18-35) and 31 older adults (aged 60-80) were included in the present study. All participants underwent fMRI scans while completing the gamified cognitive flexibility task. Results showed that young adults outperformed older adults on the task. The left inferior frontal junction (IFJ), a key region of cognitive flexibility, was significantly activated during the task in both older and young adults. Comparatively, the percent signal change in the left IFJ was stronger in older adults than in young adults. Moreover, older adults demonstrated more precise representations during the task in the left IFJ. Additionally, the left inferior parietal lobule (IPL) and superior parietal lobule in older adults and the left middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and inferior frontal gyrus in young adults were also activated during the task. Psychophysiological interaction analyses showed significant functional connectivity between the left IFJ and the left IPL, as well as the right precuneus in older adults. In young adults, significant functional connectivity was found between the left IFJ and the left MFG, as well as the right angular. The current study provides preliminary evidence for the validity of the gamified cognitive flexibility task through brain imaging. The findings suggest that this task could serve as a reliable tool for assessing cognitive flexibility and for exploring age-related differences of cognitive flexibility in both brain and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Sheng-Ju Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Hui-Jie Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Zou W, Yao X, Chen Y, Li X, Huang J, Zhang Y, Yu L, Xie B. An elastic net regression model for predicting the risk of ICU admission and death for hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14404. [PMID: 38909101 PMCID: PMC11193779 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64776-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop and validate prediction models to estimate the risk of death and intensive care unit admission in COVID-19 inpatients. All RT-PCR-confirmed adult COVID-19 inpatients admitted to Fujian Provincial Hospital from October 2022 to April 2023 were considered. Elastic Net Regression was used to derive the risk prediction models. Potential risk factors were considered, which included demographic characteristics, clinical symptoms, comorbidities, laboratory results, treatment process, prognosis. A total of 1906 inpatients were included finally by inclusion/exclusion criteria and were divided into derivation and test cohorts in a ratio of 8:2, where 1526 (80%) samples were used to develop prediction models under a repeated cross-validation framework and the remaining 380 (20%) samples were used for performance evaluation. Overall performance, discrimination and calibration were evaluated in the validation set and test cohort and quantified by accuracy, scaled Brier score (SbrS), the area under the ROC curve (AUROC), and Spiegelhalter-Z statistics. The models performed well, with high levels of discrimination (AUROCICU [95%CI]: 0.858 [0.803,0.899]; AUROCdeath [95%CI]: 0.906 [0.850,0.948]); and good calibrations (Spiegelhalter-ZICU: - 0.821 (p-value: 0.412); Spiegelhalter-Zdeath: 0.173) in the test set. We developed and validated prediction models to help clinicians identify high risk patients for death and ICU admission after COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zou
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350013, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350004, China
| | - Xiujuan Yao
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350013, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350004, China
| | - Yizhen Chen
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350013, China
| | - Xiaoqin Li
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350013, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350004, China
| | - Jiandong Huang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350013, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Chongqing Nanpeng Artificial Intelligence Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chongqing, 401123, China
| | - Lin Yu
- Chongqing Nanpeng Artificial Intelligence Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chongqing, 401123, China
| | - Baosong Xie
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350004, China.
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Liu YF, Wilson C, Bedny M. Contribution of the language network to the comprehension of Python programming code. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2024; 251:105392. [PMID: 38387220 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2024.105392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Does the perisylvian language network contribute to comprehension of programming languages, like Python? Univariate neuroimaging studies find high responses to code in fronto-parietal executive areas but not in fronto-temporal language areas, suggesting the language network does little. We used multivariate-pattern-analysis to test whether the language network encodes Python functions. Python programmers read functions while undergoing fMRI. A linear SVM decoded for-loops from if-conditionals based on activity in lateral temporal (LT) language cortex. In searchlight analysis, decoding accuracy was higher in LT language cortex than anywhere else. Follow up analysis showed that decoding was not driven by presence of different words across functions, "for" vs "if," but by compositional program properties. Finally, univariate responses to code peaked earlier in LT language-cortex than in the fronto-parietal network. We propose that the language system forms initial "surface meaning" representations of programs, which input to the reasoning network for processing of algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Fei Liu
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins Universtiy, 232 Ames Hall, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
| | - Colin Wilson
- Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University, 237 Krieger Hall, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Marina Bedny
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins Universtiy, 232 Ames Hall, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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Ontivero-Ortega M, Iglesias-Fuster J, Perez-Hidalgo J, Marinazzo D, Valdes-Sosa M, Valdes-Sosa P. Intra-V1 functional networks and classification of observed stimuli. Front Neuroinform 2024; 18:1080173. [PMID: 38528885 PMCID: PMC10961393 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2024.1080173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Previous studies suggest that co-fluctuations in neural activity within V1 (measured with fMRI) carry information about observed stimuli, potentially reflecting various cognitive mechanisms. This study explores the neural sources shaping this information by using different fMRI preprocessing methods. The common response to stimuli shared by all individuals can be emphasized by using inter-subject correlations or de-emphasized by deconvolving the fMRI with hemodynamic response functions (HRFs) before calculating the correlations. The latter approach shifts the balance towards participant-idiosyncratic activity. Methods Here, we used multivariate pattern analysis of intra-V1 correlation matrices to predict the Level or Shape of observed Navon letters employing the types of correlations described above. We assessed accuracy in inter-subject prediction of specific conjunctions of properties, and attempted intra-subject cross-classification of stimulus properties (i.e., prediction of one feature despite changes in the other). Weight maps from successful classifiers were projected onto the visual field. A control experiment investigated eye-movement patterns during stimuli presentation. Results All inter-subject classifiers accurately predicted the Level and Shape of specific observed stimuli. However, successful intra-subject cross-classification was achieved only for stimulus Level, but not Shape, regardless of preprocessing scheme. Weight maps for successful Level classification differed between inter-subject correlations and deconvolved correlations. The latter revealed asymmetries in visual field link strength that corresponded to known perceptual asymmetries. Post-hoc measurement of eyeball fMRI signals did not find differences in gaze between stimulus conditions, and a control experiment (with derived simulations) also suggested that eye movements do not explain the stimulus-related changes in V1 topology. Discussion Our findings indicate that both inter-subject common responses and participant-specific activity contribute to the information in intra-V1 co-fluctuations, albeit through distinct sub-networks. Deconvolution, that enhances subject-specific activity, highlighted interhemispheric links for Global stimuli. Further exploration of intra-V1 networks promises insights into the neural basis of attention and perceptual organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlis Ontivero-Ortega
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Sciences, University of Electronic Sciences Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Cuban Center for Neuroscience, Havana, Cuba
- Department of Data Analysis, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Mitchell Valdes-Sosa
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Sciences, University of Electronic Sciences Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Cuban Center for Neuroscience, Havana, Cuba
| | - Pedro Valdes-Sosa
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Sciences, University of Electronic Sciences Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Cuban Center for Neuroscience, Havana, Cuba
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Ham S, Ji S, Cheon SS. The Design of a Piecewise-Integrated Composite Bumper Beam with Machine-Learning Algorithms. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:602. [PMID: 38591449 PMCID: PMC10856694 DOI: 10.3390/ma17030602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
In the present study, a piecewise-integrated composite bumper beam for passenger cars is proposed, and the design innovation process for a composite bumper beam regarding a bumper test protocol suggested by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety is carried out with the help of machine learning models. Several elements in the bumper FE model have been assigned to be references in order to collect training data, which allow the machine learning model to study the method of predicting loading types for each finite element. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional implementations are provided by machine learning models, which determine the stacking sequences of each finite element in the piecewise-integrated composite bumper beam. It was found that the piecewise-integrated composite bumper beam, which is designed by a machine learning model, is more effective for reducing the possibility of structural failure as well as increasing bending strength compared to the conventional composite bumper beam. Moreover, the three-dimensional implementation produces better results compared with results from the two-dimensional implementation since it is preferable to choose loading-type information, which is achieved from surroundings when the target elements are located either at corners or junctions of planes, instead of using information that comes from the identical plane of target elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokwoo Ham
- Innowill Co., Ltd., Daejeon 34325, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seungmin Ji
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan 31080, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seong Sik Cheon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan 31080, Republic of Korea;
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Faes LK, Lage-Castellanos A, Valente G, Yu Z, Cloos MA, Vizioli L, Moeller S, Yacoub E, De Martino F. Evaluating the effect of denoising submillimeter auditory fMRI data with NORDIC. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.24.577070. [PMID: 38328173 PMCID: PMC10849717 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.24.577070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has emerged as an essential tool for exploring human brain function. Submillimeter fMRI, in particular, has emerged as a tool to study mesoscopic computations. The inherently low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at submillimeter resolutions warrants the use of denoising approaches tailored at reducing thermal noise - the dominant contributing noise component in high resolution fMRI. NORDIC PCA is one of such approaches, and has been benchmarked against other approaches in several applications. Here, we investigate the effects that two versions of NORDIC denoising have on auditory submillimeter data. As investigating auditory functional responses poses unique challenges, we anticipated that the benefit of this technique would be especially pronounced. Our results show that NORDIC denoising improves the detection sensitivity and the reliability of estimates in submillimeter auditory fMRI data. These effects can be explained by the reduction of the noise-induced signal variability. However, we also observed a reduction in the average response amplitude (percent signal), which may suggest that a small amount of signal was also removed. We conclude that, while evaluating the effects of the signal reduction induced by NORDIC may be necessary for each application, using NORDIC in high resolution auditory fMRI studies may be advantageous because of the large reduction in variability of the estimated responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lonike K. Faes
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Agustin Lage-Castellanos
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Neuroinformatics, Cuban Neuroscience Center, Havana City 11600, Cuba
| | - Giancarlo Valente
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Zidan Yu
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- MRI Research Center, University of Hawaii, United States
| | - Martijn A. Cloos
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia 4066, Australia
| | - Luca Vizioli
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Steen Moeller
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Essa Yacoub
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Federico De Martino
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
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8
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Lankinen K, Ahveninen J, Uluç I, Daneshzand M, Mareyam A, Kirsch JE, Polimeni JR, Healy BC, Tian Q, Khan S, Nummenmaa A, Wang QM, Green JR, Kimberley TJ, Li S. Role of articulatory motor networks in perceptual categorization of speech signals: a 7T fMRI study. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:11517-11525. [PMID: 37851854 PMCID: PMC10724868 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Speech and language processing involve complex interactions between cortical areas necessary for articulatory movements and auditory perception and a range of areas through which these are connected and interact. Despite their fundamental importance, the precise mechanisms underlying these processes are not fully elucidated. We measured BOLD signals from normal hearing participants using high-field 7 Tesla fMRI with 1-mm isotropic voxel resolution. The subjects performed 2 speech perception tasks (discrimination and classification) and a speech production task during the scan. By employing univariate and multivariate pattern analyses, we identified the neural signatures associated with speech production and perception. The left precentral, premotor, and inferior frontal cortex regions showed significant activations that correlated with phoneme category variability during perceptual discrimination tasks. In addition, the perceived sound categories could be decoded from signals in a region of interest defined based on activation related to production task. The results support the hypothesis that articulatory motor networks in the left hemisphere, typically associated with speech production, may also play a critical role in the perceptual categorization of syllables. The study provides valuable insights into the intricate neural mechanisms that underlie speech processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisu Lankinen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Jyrki Ahveninen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Işıl Uluç
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Mohammad Daneshzand
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Azma Mareyam
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States
| | - John E Kirsch
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Jonathan R Polimeni
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Brian C Healy
- Partners Multiple Sclerosis Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Qiyuan Tian
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Sheraz Khan
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Aapo Nummenmaa
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Qing Mei Wang
- Stroke Biological Recovery Laboratory, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, The Teaching Affiliate of Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States
| | - Jordan R Green
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA 02129, United States
| | - Teresa J Kimberley
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA 02129, United States
| | - Shasha Li
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
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Kim M, Seo JW, Yun S, Kim M. Bidirectional connectivity alterations in schizophrenia: a multivariate, machine-learning approach. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1232015. [PMID: 37743998 PMCID: PMC10512460 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1232015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective It is well known that altered functional connectivity is a robust neuroimaging marker of schizophrenia. However, there is inconsistency in the direction of alterations, i.e., increased or decreased connectivity. In this study, we aimed to determine the direction of the connectivity alteration associated with schizophrenia using a multivariate, data-driven approach. Methods Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from 109 individuals with schizophrenia and 120 controls across two openly available datasets. A whole-brain resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) matrix was computed for each individual. A modified connectome-based predictive model (CPM) with a support vector machine (SVM) was used to classify patients and controls. We conducted a series of multivariate classification analyses using three different feature sets, increased, decreased, and both increased and decreased rsFC. Results For both datasets, combining information from both increased and decreased rsFC substantially improved prediction accuracy (Dataset 1: accuracy = 70.2%, permutation p = 0.001; Dataset 2: accuracy = 64.4%, permutation p = 0.003). When tested across datasets, the prediction model using decreased rsFC performed best. The identified predictive features of decreased rsFC were distributed mostly in the motor network for both datasets. Conclusion These findings suggest that bidirectional alterations in rsFC are distributed in schizophrenia patients, with the pattern of decreased rsFC being more similar across different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhoe Kim
- Computer Convergence Software Department, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Seo
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokho Yun
- Department of Psychiatry, Yeungnam University School of Medicine and College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Minchul Kim
- Department of Radiology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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10
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Bogdan PC, Iordan AD, Shobrook J, Dolcos F. ConnSearch: A framework for functional connectivity analysis designed for interpretability and effectiveness at limited sample sizes. Neuroimage 2023; 278:120274. [PMID: 37451373 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional connectivity studies increasingly turn to machine learning methods, which typically involve fitting a connectome-wide classifier, then conducting post hoc interpretation analyses to identify the neural correlates that best predict a dependent variable. However, this traditional analytic paradigm suffers from two main limitations. First, even if classifiers are perfectly accurate, interpretation analyses may not identify all the patterns expressed by a dependent variable. Second, even if classifiers are generalizable, the patterns implicated via interpretation analyses may not replicate. In other words, this traditional approach can yield effective classifiers while falling short of most neuroscientists' goals: pinpointing the neural correlates of dependent variables. We propose a new framework for multivariate analysis, ConnSearch, which involves dividing the connectome into components (e.g., groups of highly connected regions) and fitting an independent model for each component (e.g., a support vector machine or a correlation-based model). Conclusions about the link between a dependent variable and the brain are based on which components yield predictive models rather than on interpretation analysis. We used working memory data from the Human Connectome Project (N = 50-250) to compare ConnSearch with four existing connectome-wide classification/interpretation methods. For each approach, the models attempted to classify examples as being from the high-load or low-load conditions (binary labels). Relative to traditional methods, ConnSearch identified neural correlates that were more comprehensive, had greater consistency with the WM literature, and better replicated across datasets. Hence, ConnSearch is well-positioned to be an effective tool for functional connectivity research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C Bogdan
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA..
| | | | - Jonathan Shobrook
- Department of Mathematics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Florin Dolcos
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA.; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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11
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Wang C, Ahn J, Tarpey T, Yi SS, Hayes RB, Li H. A microbial causal mediation analytic tool for health disparity and applications in body mass index. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:164. [PMID: 37496080 PMCID: PMC10373330 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01608-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence suggests the potential mediating role of microbiome in health disparities. However, no analytic framework can be directly used to analyze microbiome as a mediator between health disparity and clinical outcome, due to the non-manipulable nature of the exposure and the unique structure of microbiome data, including high dimensionality, sparsity, and compositionality. METHODS Considering the modifiable and quantitative features of the microbiome, we propose a microbial causal mediation model framework, SparseMCMM_HD, to uncover the mediating role of microbiome in health disparities, by depicting a plausible path from a non-manipulable exposure (e.g., ethnicity or region) to the outcome through the microbiome. The proposed SparseMCMM_HD rigorously defines and quantifies the manipulable disparity measure that would be eliminated by equalizing microbiome profiles between comparison and reference groups and innovatively and successfully extends the existing microbial mediation methods, which are originally proposed under potential outcome or counterfactual outcome study design, to address health disparities. RESULTS Through three body mass index (BMI) studies selected from the curatedMetagenomicData 3.4.2 package and the American gut project: China vs. USA, China vs. UK, and Asian or Pacific Islander (API) vs. Caucasian, we exhibit the utility of the proposed SparseMCMM_HD framework for investigating the microbiome's contributions in health disparities. Specifically, BMI exhibits disparities and microbial community diversities are significantly distinctive between reference and comparison groups in all three applications. By employing SparseMCMM_HD, we illustrate that microbiome plays a crucial role in explaining the disparities in BMI between ethnicities or regions. 20.63%, 33.09%, and 25.71% of the overall disparity in BMI in China-USA, China-UK, and API-Caucasian comparisons, respectively, would be eliminated if the between-group microbiome profiles were equalized; and 15, 18, and 16 species are identified to play the mediating role respectively. CONCLUSIONS The proposed SparseMCMM_HD is an effective and validated tool to elucidate the mediating role of microbiome in health disparity. Three BMI applications shed light on the utility of microbiome in reducing BMI disparity by manipulating microbial profiles. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Wang
- Department of Population Health, Division of Biostatistics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Jiyoung Ahn
- Department of Population Health, Division of Epidemiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Thaddeus Tarpey
- Department of Population Health, Division of Biostatistics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Stella S Yi
- Department of Population Health Section for Health Equity, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Richard B Hayes
- Department of Population Health, Division of Epidemiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Huilin Li
- Department of Population Health, Division of Biostatistics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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12
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Lankinen K, Ahveninen J, Uluç I, Daneshzand M, Mareyam A, Kirsch JE, Polimeni JR, Healy BC, Tian Q, Khan S, Nummenmaa A, Wang QM, Green JR, Kimberley TJ, Li S. Role of Articulatory Motor Networks in Perceptual Categorization of Speech Signals: A 7 T fMRI Study. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.02.547409. [PMID: 37461673 PMCID: PMC10349975 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.02.547409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between brain regions involved in speech production and those that play a role in speech perception is not yet fully understood. We compared speech production related brain activity with activations resulting from perceptual categorization of syllables using high field 7 Tesla functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at 1-mm isotropic voxel resolution, enabling high localization accuracy compared to previous studies. METHODS Blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signals were obtained in 20 normal hearing subjects using a simultaneous multi-slice (SMS) 7T echo-planar imaging (EPI) acquisition with whole-head coverage and 1 mm isotropic resolution. In a speech production localizer task, subjects were asked to produce a silent lip-round vowel /u/ in response to the visual cue "U" or purse their lips when they saw the cue "P". In a phoneme discrimination task, subjects were presented with pairs of syllables, which were equiprobably identical or different along an 8-step continuum between the prototypic /ba/ and /da/ sounds. After the presentation of each stimulus pair, the subjects were asked to indicate whether the two syllables they heard were identical or different by pressing one of two buttons. In a phoneme classification task, the subjects heard only one syllable and asked to indicate whether it was /ba/ or /da/. RESULTS Univariate fMRI analyses using a parametric modulation approach suggested that left motor, premotor, and frontal cortex BOLD activations correlate with phoneme category variability in the /ba/-/da/ discrimination task. In contrast, the variability related to acoustic features of the phonemes were the highest in the right primary auditory cortex. Our multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) suggested that left precentral/inferior frontal cortex areas, which were associated with speech production according to the localizer task, play a role also in perceptual categorization of the syllables. CONCLUSIONS The results support the hypothesis that articulatory motor networks in the left hemisphere that are activated during speech production could also have a role in perceptual categorization of syllables. Importantly, high voxel-resolution combined with advanced coil technology allowed us to pinpoint the exact brain regions involved in both perception and production tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisu Lankinen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, US
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US
| | - Jyrki Ahveninen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, US
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US
| | - Işıl Uluç
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, US
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US
| | - Mohammad Daneshzand
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, US
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US
| | - Azma Mareyam
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, US
| | - John E. Kirsch
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, US
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US
| | - Jonathan R. Polimeni
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, US
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US
| | - Brian C. Healy
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US
- Stroke Biological Recovery Laboratory, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, the teaching affiliate of Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, US
| | - Qiyuan Tian
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, US
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US
| | - Sheraz Khan
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, US
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US
| | - Aapo Nummenmaa
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, US
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US
| | - Qing-mei Wang
- Stroke Biological Recovery Laboratory, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, the teaching affiliate of Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, US
| | - Jordan R. Green
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, MGH Institute of Health Professions Boston, MA, US
| | - Teresa J. Kimberley
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA, US
| | - Shasha Li
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, US
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US
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13
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Herweg NA, Kunz L, Schonhaut D, Brandt A, Wanda PA, Sharan AD, Sperling MR, Schulze-Bonhage A, Kahana MJ. A Learned Map for Places and Concepts in the Human Medial Temporal Lobe. J Neurosci 2023; 43:3538-3547. [PMID: 37001991 PMCID: PMC10184731 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0181-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Distinct lines of research in both humans and animals point to a specific role of the hippocampus in both spatial and episodic memory function. The discovery of concept cells in the hippocampus and surrounding medial temporal lobe (MTL) regions suggests that the MTL maps physical and semantic spaces with a similar neural architecture. Here, we studied the emergence of such maps using MTL microwire recordings from 20 patients (9 female, 11 male) navigating a virtual environment featuring salient landmarks with established semantic meaning. We present several key findings. The array of local field potentials in the MTL contains sufficient information for above-chance decoding of subjects' instantaneous location in the environment. Closer examination revealed that as subjects gain experience with the environment the field potentials come to represent both the subjects' locations in virtual space and in high-dimensional semantic space. Similarly, we observe a learning effect on temporal sequence coding. Over time, field potentials come to represent future locations, even after controlling for spatial proximity. This predictive coding of future states, more so than the strength of spatial representations per se, is linked to variability in subjects' navigation performance. Our results thus support the conceptualization of the MTL as a memory space, representing both spatial- and nonspatial information to plan future actions and predict their outcomes.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Using rare microwire recordings, we studied the representation of spatial, semantic, and temporal information in the human MTL. Our findings demonstrate that subjects acquire a cognitive map that simultaneously represents the spatial and semantic relations between landmarks. We further show that the same learned representation is used to predict future states, implicating MTL cell assemblies as the building blocks of prospective memory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora A Herweg
- Computational Memory Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
- Department of Neuropsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Lukas Kunz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027
- Epilepsy Center, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Schonhaut
- Computational Memory Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
| | - Armin Brandt
- Epilepsy Center, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Paul A Wanda
- Computational Memory Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
| | | | - Michael R Sperling
- Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Andreas Schulze-Bonhage
- Epilepsy Center, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael J Kahana
- Computational Memory Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
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14
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Allione A, Viberti C, Cotellessa I, Catalano C, Casalone E, Cugliari G, Russo A, Guarrera S, Mirabelli D, Sacerdote C, Gentile M, Eichelmann F, Schulze MB, Harlid S, Eriksen AK, Tjønneland A, Andersson M, Dollé MET, Van Puyvelde H, Weiderpass E, Rodriguez-Barranco M, Agudo A, Heath AK, Chirlaque MD, Truong T, Dragic D, Severi G, Sieri S, Sandanger TM, Ardanaz E, Vineis P, Matullo G. Blood cell DNA methylation biomarkers in preclinical malignant pleural mesothelioma: The EPIC prospective cohort. Int J Cancer 2023; 152:725-737. [PMID: 36305648 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare and aggressive cancer mainly caused by asbestos exposure. Specific and sensitive noninvasive biomarkers may facilitate and enhance screening programs for the early detection of cancer. We investigated DNA methylation (DNAm) profiles in MPM prediagnostic blood samples in a case-control study nested in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and nutrition (EPIC) cohort, aiming to characterise DNAm biomarkers associated with MPM. From the EPIC cohort, we included samples from 135 participants who developed MPM during 20 years of follow-up and from 135 matched, cancer-free, controls. For the discovery phase we selected EPIC participants who developed MPM within 5 years from enrolment (n = 36) with matched controls. We identified nine differentially methylated CpGs, selected by 10-fold cross-validation and correlation analyses: cg25755428 (MRI1), cg20389709 (KLF11), cg23870316, cg13862711 (LHX6), cg06417478 (HOOK2), cg00667948, cg01879420 (AMD1), cg25317025 (RPL17) and cg06205333 (RAP1A). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that the model including baseline characteristics (age, sex and PC1wbc) along with the nine MPM-related CpGs has a better predictive value for MPM occurrence than the baseline model alone, maintaining some performance also at more than 5 years before diagnosis (area under the curve [AUC] < 5 years = 0.89; AUC 5-10 years = 0.80; AUC >10 years = 0.75; baseline AUC range = 0.63-0.67). DNAm changes as noninvasive biomarkers in prediagnostic blood samples of MPM cases were investigated for the first time. Their application can improve the identification of asbestos-exposed individuals at higher MPM risk to possibly adopt more intensive monitoring for early disease identification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clara Viberti
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Catalano
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Alessia Russo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Simonetta Guarrera
- IIGM-Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCCS, Turin, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Dario Mirabelli
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates "G. Scansetti", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza University-Hospital and Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO), Turin, Italy
| | | | - Fabian Eichelmann
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Sophia Harlid
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anne Kirstine Eriksen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Diet, Genes and Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Diet, Genes and Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Andersson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Martijn E T Dollé
- Centre for Health Protection National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Heleen Van Puyvelde
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organisation, Lyon, France
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organisation, Lyon, France
| | - Miguel Rodriguez-Barranco
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP), Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Agudo
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology-ICO, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Nutrition and Cancer Group, Epidemiology, Public Health, Cancer Prevention and Palliative Care Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alicia K Heath
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - María-Dolores Chirlaque
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia University, Murcia, Spain
| | - Thérèse Truong
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP U1018, "Exposome, Heredity, Cancer and Health" Team, Paris, France
| | - Dzevka Dragic
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP U1018, "Exposome, Heredity, Cancer and Health" Team, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Faculté de Médecine, Québec, Canada
- Axe Oncologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP U1018, "Exposome, Heredity, Cancer and Health" Team, Paris, France
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Applications "G. Parenti" (DISIA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sabina Sieri
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano Via Venezian, Milan, Italy
| | - Torkjel M Sandanger
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Eva Ardanaz
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Paolo Vineis
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Giuseppe Matullo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates "G. Scansetti", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, AOU Città della Salute e Della Scienza, Turin, Italy
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15
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Keane BP, Krekelberg B, Mill RD, Silverstein SM, Thompson JL, Serody MR, Barch DM, Cole MW. Dorsal attention network activity during perceptual organization is distinct in schizophrenia and predictive of cognitive disorganization. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 57:458-478. [PMID: 36504464 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Visual shape completion is a canonical perceptual organization process that integrates spatially distributed edge information into unified representations of objects. People with schizophrenia show difficulty in discriminating completed shapes, but the brain networks and functional connections underlying this perceptual difference remain poorly understood. Also unclear is whether brain network differences in schizophrenia occur in related illnesses or vary with illness features transdiagnostically. To address these topics, we scanned (functional magnetic resonance imaging, fMRI) people with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or no psychiatric illness during rest and during a task in which they discriminated configurations that formed or failed to form completed shapes (illusory and fragmented condition, respectively). Multivariate pattern differences were identified on the cortical surface using 360 predefined parcels and 12 functional networks composed of such parcels. Brain activity flow mapping was used to evaluate the likely involvement of resting-state connections for shape completion. Illusory/fragmented task activation differences ('modulations') in the dorsal attention network (DAN) could distinguish people with schizophrenia from the other groups (AUCs > .85) and could transdiagnostically predict cognitive disorganization severity. Activity flow over functional connections from the DAN could predict secondary visual network modulations in each group, except in schizophrenia. The secondary visual network was strongly and similarly modulated in each group. Task modulations were dispersed over more networks in patients compared to controls. In summary, DAN activity during visual perceptual organization is distinct in schizophrenia, symptomatically relevant, and potentially related to improper attention-related feedback into secondary visual areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Keane
- University Behavioral Health Care, Department of Psychiatry, and Center for Cognitive Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Bart Krekelberg
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ravi D Mill
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Steven M Silverstein
- University Behavioral Health Care, Department of Psychiatry, and Center for Cognitive Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Judy L Thompson
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation and Counseling Professions, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Megan R Serody
- University Behavioral Health Care, Department of Psychiatry, and Center for Cognitive Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Departments of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Psychiatry, and Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael W Cole
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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16
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Koch GE, Libertus ME, Fiez JA, Coutanche MN. Representations within the Intraparietal Sulcus Distinguish Numerical Tasks and Formats. J Cogn Neurosci 2023; 35:226-240. [PMID: 36306247 PMCID: PMC9832368 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
How does our brain understand the number five when it is written as an Arabic numeral, and when presented as five fingers held up? Four facets have been implicated in adult numerical processing: semantic, visual, manual, and phonological/verbal. Here, we ask how the brain represents each, using a combination of tasks and stimuli. We collected fMRI data from adult participants while they completed our novel "four number code" paradigm. In this paradigm, participants viewed one of two stimulus types to tap into the visual and manual number codes, respectively. Concurrently, they completed one of two tasks to tap into the semantic and phonological/verbal number codes, respectively. Classification analyses revealed that neural codes representing distinctions between the number comparison and phonological tasks were generalizable across format (e.g., Arabic numerals to hands) within intraparietal sulcus (IPS), angular gyrus, and precentral gyrus. Neural codes representing distinctions between formats were generalizable across tasks within visual areas such as fusiform gyrus and calcarine sulcus, as well as within IPS. Our results identify the neural facets of numerical processing within a single paradigm and suggest that IPS is sensitive to distinctions between semantic and phonological/verbal, as well as visual and manual, facets of number representations.
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17
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Magazzù G, Zampieri G, Angione C. Clinical stratification improves the diagnostic accuracy of small omics datasets within machine learning and genome-scale metabolic modelling methods. Comput Biol Med 2022; 151:106244. [PMID: 36343407 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.106244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, multi-omic machine learning architectures have been proposed for the early detection of cancer. However, for rare cancers and their associated small datasets, it is still unclear how to use the available multi-omics data to achieve a mechanistic prediction of cancer onset and progression, due to the limited data available. Hepatoblastoma is the most frequent liver cancer in infancy and childhood, and whose incidence has been lately increasing in several developed countries. Even though some studies have been conducted to understand the causes of its onset and discover potential biomarkers, the role of metabolic rewiring has not been investigated in depth so far. METHODS Here, we propose and implement an interpretable multi-omics pipeline that combines mechanistic knowledge from genome-scale metabolic models with machine learning algorithms, and we use it to characterise the underlying mechanisms controlling hepatoblastoma. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS While the obtained machine learning models generally present a high diagnostic classification accuracy, our results show that the type of omics combinations used as input to the machine learning models strongly affects the detection of important genes, reactions and metabolic pathways linked to hepatoblastoma. Our method also suggests that, in the context of computer-aided diagnosis of cancer, optimal diagnostic accuracy can be achieved by adopting a combination of omics that depends on the patient's clinical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Magazzù
- School of Computing, Engineering and Digital Technologies, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, England, United Kingdom
| | - Guido Zampieri
- School of Computing, Engineering and Digital Technologies, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, England, United Kingdom; Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Claudio Angione
- School of Computing, Engineering and Digital Technologies, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, England, United Kingdom; Centre for Digital Innovation, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, England, United Kingdom; National Horizons Centre, Teesside University, Darlington, England, United Kingdom.
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18
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Huang K, Lin B, Liu J, Liu Y, Li J, Tian G, Yang J. Predicting colorectal cancer tumor mutational burden from histopathological images and clinical information using multi-modal deep learning. Bioinformatics 2022; 38:5108-5115. [PMID: 36130268 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btac641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Tumor mutational burden (TMB) is an indicator of the efficacy and prognosis of immune checkpoint therapy in colorectal cancer (CRC). In general, patients with higher TMB values are more likely to benefit from immunotherapy. Though whole-exome sequencing is considered the gold standard for determining TMB, it is difficult to be applied in clinical practice due to its high cost. There are also a few DNA panel-based methods to estimate TMB; however, their detection cost is also high, and the associated wet-lab experiments usually take days, which emphasize the need for faster and cheaper alternatives. RESULTS In this study, we propose a multi-modal deep learning model based on a residual network (ResNet) and multi-modal compact bilinear pooling to predict TMB status (i.e. TMB high (TMB_H) or TMB low(TMB_L)) directly from histopathological images and clinical data. We applied the model to CRC data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and compared it with four other popular methods, namely, ResNet18, ResNet50, VGG19 and AlexNet. We tested different TMB thresholds, namely, percentiles of 10%, 14.3%, 15%, 16.3%, 20%, 30% and 50%, to differentiate TMB_H and TMB_L.For the percentile of 14.3% (i.e. TMB value 20) and ResNet18, our model achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.817 after 5-fold cross-validation, which was better than that of other compared models. In addition, we also found that TMB values were significantly associated with the tumor stage and N and M stages. Our study shows that deep learning models can predict TMB status from histopathological images and clinical information only, which is worth clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaimei Huang
- Department of Mathematics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinghua 321004, China.,Department of Sciences, Geneis (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing 100102, China.,Department of Sciences, Qingdao Geneis Institute of Big Data Mining and Precision Medicine, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Binghu Lin
- Department of General Surgery of Third Ward, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang 441000, China
| | - Jinyang Liu
- Department of Sciences, Geneis (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing 100102, China.,Department of Sciences, Qingdao Geneis Institute of Big Data Mining and Precision Medicine, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Yankun Liu
- Cancer Institute, Tangshan People's Hospital, Tangshan 063001, China
| | - Jingwu Li
- Cancer Institute, Tangshan People's Hospital, Tangshan 063001, China
| | - Geng Tian
- Department of Sciences, Geneis (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing 100102, China.,Department of Sciences, Qingdao Geneis Institute of Big Data Mining and Precision Medicine, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Jialiang Yang
- Department of Sciences, Geneis (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing 100102, China.,Department of Sciences, Qingdao Geneis Institute of Big Data Mining and Precision Medicine, Qingdao 266000, China
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19
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Ushio Y, Kataoka H, Iwadoh K, Ohara M, Suzuki T, Hirata M, Manabe S, Kawachi K, Akihisa T, Makabe S, Sato M, Iwasa N, Yoshida R, Hoshino J, Mochizuki T, Tsuchiya K, Nitta K. Machine learning for morbid glomerular hypertrophy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19155. [PMID: 36351996 PMCID: PMC9646707 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23882-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A practical research method integrating data-driven machine learning with conventional model-driven statistics is sought after in medicine. Although glomerular hypertrophy (or a large renal corpuscle) on renal biopsy has pathophysiological implications, it is often misdiagnosed as adaptive/compensatory hypertrophy. Using a generative machine learning method, we aimed to explore the factors associated with a maximal glomerular diameter of ≥ 242.3 μm. Using the frequency-of-usage variable ranking in generative models, we defined the machine learning scores with symbolic regression via genetic programming (SR via GP). We compared important variables selected by SR with those selected by a point-biserial correlation coefficient using multivariable logistic and linear regressions to validate discriminatory ability, goodness-of-fit, and collinearity. Body mass index, complement component C3, serum total protein, arteriolosclerosis, C-reactive protein, and the Oxford E1 score were ranked among the top 10 variables with high machine learning scores using SR via GP, while the estimated glomerular filtration rate was ranked 46 among the 60 variables. In multivariable analyses, the R2 value was higher (0.61 vs. 0.45), and the corrected Akaike Information Criterion value was lower (402.7 vs. 417.2) with variables selected with SR than those selected with point-biserial r. There were two variables with variance inflation factors higher than 5 in those using point-biserial r and none in SR. Data-driven machine learning models may be useful in identifying significant and insignificant correlated factors. Our method may be generalized to other medical research due to the procedural simplicity of using top-ranked variables selected by machine learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Ushio
- grid.410818.40000 0001 0720 6587Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-Cho, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 162-8666 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kataoka
- grid.410818.40000 0001 0720 6587Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-Cho, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 162-8666 Japan ,grid.410818.40000 0001 0720 6587Clinical Research Division for Polycystic Kidney Disease, Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, 162-8666 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Iwadoh
- grid.410818.40000 0001 0720 6587Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-Cho, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 162-8666 Japan ,grid.410818.40000 0001 0720 6587Department of Blood Purification, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, 162-8666 Japan
| | - Mamiko Ohara
- grid.414927.d0000 0004 0378 2140Department of Nephrology, Kameda Medical Center, Chiba, 296-8602 Japan
| | - Tomo Suzuki
- grid.414927.d0000 0004 0378 2140Department of Nephrology, Kameda Medical Center, Chiba, 296-8602 Japan
| | - Maiko Hirata
- grid.410775.00000 0004 1762 2623Japanese Red Cross Saitama Hospital, Saitama, 330-8553 Japan
| | - Shun Manabe
- grid.410818.40000 0001 0720 6587Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-Cho, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 162-8666 Japan
| | - Keiko Kawachi
- grid.410818.40000 0001 0720 6587Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-Cho, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 162-8666 Japan
| | - Taro Akihisa
- grid.410818.40000 0001 0720 6587Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-Cho, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 162-8666 Japan
| | - Shiho Makabe
- grid.410818.40000 0001 0720 6587Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-Cho, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 162-8666 Japan
| | - Masayo Sato
- grid.410818.40000 0001 0720 6587Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-Cho, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 162-8666 Japan
| | - Naomi Iwasa
- grid.410818.40000 0001 0720 6587Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-Cho, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 162-8666 Japan ,grid.410818.40000 0001 0720 6587Clinical Research Division for Polycystic Kidney Disease, Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, 162-8666 Japan
| | - Rie Yoshida
- grid.410818.40000 0001 0720 6587Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-Cho, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 162-8666 Japan ,grid.410818.40000 0001 0720 6587Clinical Research Division for Polycystic Kidney Disease, Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, 162-8666 Japan
| | - Junichi Hoshino
- grid.410818.40000 0001 0720 6587Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-Cho, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 162-8666 Japan
| | - Toshio Mochizuki
- grid.410818.40000 0001 0720 6587Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-Cho, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 162-8666 Japan ,grid.410818.40000 0001 0720 6587Clinical Research Division for Polycystic Kidney Disease, Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, 162-8666 Japan
| | - Ken Tsuchiya
- grid.410818.40000 0001 0720 6587Department of Blood Purification, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, 162-8666 Japan
| | - Kosaku Nitta
- grid.410818.40000 0001 0720 6587Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-Cho, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 162-8666 Japan
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20
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Learning about threat from friends and strangers is equally effective: An fMRI study on observational fear conditioning. Neuroimage 2022; 263:119648. [PMID: 36162633 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans often benefit from social cues when learning about the world. For instance, learning about threats from others can save the individual from dangerous first-hand experiences. Familiarity is believed to increase the effectiveness of social learning, but it is not clear whether it plays a role in learning about threats. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we undertook a naturalistic approach and investigated whether there was a difference between observational fear learning from friends and strangers. Participants (observers) witnessed either their friends or strangers (demonstrators) receiving aversive (shock) stimuli paired with colored squares (observational learning stage). Subsequently, participants watched the same squares, but without receiving any shocks (direct-expression stage). We observed a similar pattern of brain activity in both groups of observers. Regions related to threat responses (amygdala, anterior insula, anterior cingulate cortex) and social perception (fusiform gyrus, posterior superior temporal sulcus) were activated during the observational phase, possibly reflecting the emotional contagion process. The anterior insula and anterior cingulate cortex were also activated during the subsequent stage, indicating the expression of learned threat. Because there were no differences between participants observing friends and strangers, we argue that social threat learning is independent of the level of familiarity with the demonstrator.
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21
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Huang M, Gao X, Zhao R, Dong C, Gu Z, Gao J. Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting mild cognitive impairment in middle-aged and elderly people. Asian J Psychiatr 2022; 75:103224. [PMID: 35870309 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a clinical cognitive impairment state between dementia and normal aging. Early identification of MCI is beneficial, and it can delay the development of dementia. We aimed to develop and validate a prediction model to predict MCI of middle-aged and elderly people (aged 45 years and over). METHODS According to 478 middle-aged and elderly people (48-85 years old) from a cross-sectional study, we developed and validated a predictive nomogram. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to select variables and develop a prediction model. The performance of the nomogram was evaluated in terms of its discriminative power, calibration, and decision curve analysis (DCA). RESULTS The predictive nomogram was composed of the following: age, gender, education level, residence, and reading. The model showed good discrimination power (area under receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.8704) and good calibration. Similar results were seen in 10-fold cross-validation. The nomogram showed clinically useful in DCA analysis. CONCLUSION This predictive nomogram provides researchers with a practical tool for predicting MCI. The variables included in this nomogram were readily available. The population used for this nomogram was middle-aged and elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Huang
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; Research Center of Gerontology and Longevity, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xingxing Gao
- Nantong University Medical School, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Research Center of Gerontology and Longevity, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Chen Dong
- Research Center of Gerontology and Longevity, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; Nantong University Medical School, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Zhifeng Gu
- Research Center of Gerontology and Longevity, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jianlin Gao
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; Research Center of Gerontology and Longevity, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; Nantong University Medical School, Nantong 226001, China.
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22
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Ashton K, Zinszer BD, Cichy RM, Nelson CA, Aslin RN, Bayet L. Time-resolved multivariate pattern analysis of infant EEG data: A practical tutorial. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 54:101094. [PMID: 35248819 PMCID: PMC8897621 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Time-resolved multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA), a popular technique for analyzing magneto- and electro-encephalography (M/EEG) neuroimaging data, quantifies the extent and time-course by which neural representations support the discrimination of relevant stimuli dimensions. As EEG is widely used for infant neuroimaging, time-resolved MVPA of infant EEG data is a particularly promising tool for infant cognitive neuroscience. MVPA has recently been applied to common infant imaging methods such as EEG and fNIRS. In this tutorial, we provide and describe code to implement time-resolved, within-subject MVPA with infant EEG data. An example implementation of time-resolved MVPA based on linear SVM classification is described, with accompanying code in Matlab and Python. Results from a test dataset indicated that in both infants and adults this method reliably produced above-chance accuracy for classifying stimuli images. Extensions of the classification analysis are presented including both geometric- and accuracy-based representational similarity analysis, implemented in Python. Common choices of implementation are presented and discussed. As the amount of artifact-free EEG data contributed by each participant is lower in studies of infants than in studies of children and adults, we also explore and discuss the impact of varying participant-level inclusion thresholds on resulting MVPA findings in these datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Ashton
- Department of Neuroscience, American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA.
| | | | - Radoslaw M Cichy
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Charles A Nelson
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Graduate School of Education, Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Richard N Aslin
- Haskins Laboratories, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Psychological Sciences Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Yale Child Study Center, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Laurie Bayet
- Department of Neuroscience, American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA
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