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Inokuchi-Sakata S, Narita R, Takahashi Y, Ishiuji Y, Asahina A, Kato F. Region-specific activation in the accumbens nucleus by itch with modified scratch efficacy in mice - a model-free multivariate analysis. Mol Brain 2024; 17:27. [PMID: 38783364 PMCID: PMC11119306 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-024-01101-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Itch is a protective/defensive function with divalent motivational drives. Itch itself elicits an unpleasant experience, which triggers the urge to scratch, relieving the itchiness. Still, it can also result in dissatisfaction when the scratch is too intense and painful or unsatisfactory due to insufficient scratch effect. Therefore, it is likely that the balance between the unpleasantness/pleasure and satisfaction/unsatisfaction associated with itch sensation and scratching behavior is determined by complex brain mechanisms. The physiological/pathological mechanisms underlying this balance remain largely elusive. To address this issue, we targeted the "reward center" of the brain, the nucleus accumbens (NAc), in which itch-responsive neurons have been found in rodents. We examined how neurons in the NAc are activated or suppressed during histamine-induced scratching behaviors in mice. The mice received an intradermal injection of histamine or saline at the neck, and the scratching number was analyzed by recording the movement of the bilateral hind limbs for about 45 min after injection. To experimentally manipulate the scratch efficacy in these histamine models, we compared histamine's behavioral and neuronal effects between mice with intact and clipped nails on the hind paws. As expected, the clipping of the hind limb nail increased the number of scratches after the histamine injection. In the brains of mice exhibiting scratching behaviors, we analyzed the expression of the c-fos gene (Fos) as a readout of an immediate activation of neurons during itch/scratch and dopamine receptors (Drd1 and Drd2) using multiplex single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization (RNAscope) in the NAc and surrounding structures. We performed a model-free analysis of gene expression in geometrically divided NAc subregions without assuming the conventional core-shell divisions. The results indicated that even within the NAc, multiple subregions responded differentially to various itch/scratch conditions. We also found different clusters with neurons showing similar or opposite changes in Fos expression and the correlation between scratch number and Fos expression in different itch/scratch conditions. These regional differences and clusters would provide a basis for the complex role of the NAc and surrounding structures in encoding the outcomes of scratching behavior and itchy sensations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanae Inokuchi-Sakata
- Department of Dermatology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
- Department of Neuroscience, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Ryo Narita
- Department of Neuroscience, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
- Center for Neuroscience of Pain, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Yukari Takahashi
- Department of Neuroscience, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
- Center for Neuroscience of Pain, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Yozo Ishiuji
- Department of Dermatology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
- Center for Neuroscience of Pain, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Akihiko Asahina
- Department of Dermatology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Fusao Kato
- Department of Neuroscience, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
- Center for Neuroscience of Pain, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
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Larnerd C, Kachewar N, Wolf FW. Drosophila learning and memory centers and the actions of drugs of abuse. Learn Mem 2024; 31:a053815. [PMID: 38862166 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053815.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Drug addiction and the circuitry for learning and memory are intimately intertwined. Drugs of abuse create strong, inappropriate, and lasting memories that contribute to many of their destructive properties, such as continued use despite negative consequences and exceptionally high rates of relapse. Studies in Drosophila melanogaster are helping us understand how drugs of abuse, especially alcohol, create memories at the level of individual neurons and in the circuits where they function. Drosophila is a premier organism for identifying the mechanisms of learning and memory. Drosophila also respond to drugs of abuse in ways that remarkably parallel humans and rodent models. An emerging consensus is that, for alcohol, the mushroom bodies participate in the circuits that control acute drug sensitivity, not explicitly associative forms of plasticity such as tolerance, and classical associative memories of their rewarding and aversive properties. Moreover, it is becoming clear that drugs of abuse use the mushroom body circuitry differently from other behaviors, potentially providing a basis for their addictive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Larnerd
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Group, University of California, Merced, California 95343, USA
| | - Neha Kachewar
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, California 95343, USA
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, California 95343, USA
| | - Fred W Wolf
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Group, University of California, Merced, California 95343, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, California 95343, USA
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Lutfy K, Hamid A, Zaveri NT. Small molecule NOP agonists reverse locomotor sensitization induced by cocaine in male C57BL/6 mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 131:110941. [PMID: 38199489 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.110941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Orphanin FQ/nociceptin (OFQ/N), the endogenous ligand of the nociceptin opioid receptor (NOP) has been shown to block cocaine-induced locomotor sensitization in mice and rats, and also reverses this phenomenon when injected intracerebroventricularly in animals with an established sensitized response. In the present study, we determined whether small-molecule NOP agonists would recapitulate this effect after systemic administration. Male C57BL/6 mice treated with cocaine (15 mg/kg) on days 1-3 and showed locomotor sensitization to the same dose of cocaine on day 8 were injected with vehicle or one of the two NOP agonists (AT-202 and AT-524) (but not cocaine) on days 9-11. On day 15, locomotor sensitization was assessed after a cocaine challenge (15 mg/kg). Subchronic administration of the two NOP agonists to sensitized mice significantly decreased the sensitized response on day 15. In a separate experiment conducted in male and female mice lacking NOP and their wildtype littermates, AT-524 reversed sensitization in male wildtype but not in mice lacking NOP. Further, co-administration of the NOP agonist with cocaine for three days on days 16-18 prevented the development of locomotor sensitization from this cocaine treatment in wild-type but not in NOP knockout mice. However, none of these effects of the NOP agonist was observed in female mice. Together, these results suggest that subchronic repeated administration of small-molecule NOP agonists may reverse adaptive behavioral changes associated with repeated intermittent cocaine treatment in male but not female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabirullah Lutfy
- College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, United States of America.
| | - Abdul Hamid
- College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, United States of America
| | - Nurulain T Zaveri
- Astraea Therapeutics, 320 Logue Avenue, Mountain View, CA, United States of America.
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Quezada M, Ponce C, Berríos‐Cárcamo P, Santapau D, Gallardo J, De Gregorio C, Quintanilla ME, Morales P, Ezquer M, Herrera‐Marschitz M, Israel Y, Andrés‐Herrera P, Hipólito L, Ezquer F. Amelioration of morphine withdrawal syndrome by systemic and intranasal administration of mesenchymal stem cell-derived secretome in preclinical models of morphine dependence. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14517. [PMID: 37927136 PMCID: PMC11017443 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morphine is an opiate commonly used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain. However, prolonged administration can lead to physical dependence and strong withdrawal symptoms upon cessation of morphine use. These symptoms can include anxiety, irritability, increased heart rate, and muscle cramps, which strongly promote morphine use relapse. The morphine-induced increases in neuroinflammation, brain oxidative stress, and alteration of glutamate levels in the hippocampus and nucleus accumbens have been associated with morphine dependence and a higher severity of withdrawal symptoms. Due to its rich content in potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant factors, secretome derived from human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) is proposed as a preclinical therapeutic tool for the treatment of this complex neurological condition associated with neuroinflammation and brain oxidative stress. METHODS Two animal models of morphine dependence were used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of hMSC-derived secretome in reducing morphine withdrawal signs. In the first model, rats were implanted subcutaneously with mini-pumps which released morphine at a concentration of 10 mg/kg/day for seven days. Three days after pump implantation, animals were treated with a simultaneous intravenous and intranasal administration of hMSC-derived secretome or vehicle, and withdrawal signs were precipitated on day seven by i.p. naloxone administration. In this model, brain alterations associated with withdrawal were also analyzed before withdrawal precipitation. In the second animal model, rats voluntarily consuming morphine for three weeks were intravenously and intranasally treated with hMSC-derived secretome or vehicle, and withdrawal signs were induced by morphine deprivation. RESULTS In both animal models secretome administration induced a significant reduction of withdrawal signs, as shown by a reduction in a combined withdrawal score. Secretome administration also promoted a reduction in morphine-induced neuroinflammation in the hippocampus and nucleus accumbens, while no changes were observed in extracellular glutamate levels in the nucleus accumbens. CONCLUSION Data presented from two animal models of morphine dependence suggest that administration of secretome derived from hMSCs reduces the development of opioid withdrawal signs, which correlates with a reduction in neuroinflammation in the hippocampus and nucleus accumbens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Quezada
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of MedicineClínica Alemana‐Universidad del DesarrolloSantiagoChile
| | - Carolina Ponce
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Pablo Berríos‐Cárcamo
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of MedicineClínica Alemana‐Universidad del DesarrolloSantiagoChile
| | - Daniela Santapau
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of MedicineClínica Alemana‐Universidad del DesarrolloSantiagoChile
| | - Javiera Gallardo
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of MedicineClínica Alemana‐Universidad del DesarrolloSantiagoChile
| | - Cristian De Gregorio
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of MedicineClínica Alemana‐Universidad del DesarrolloSantiagoChile
| | - María Elena Quintanilla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Science, Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Paola Morales
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Science, Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Marcelo Ezquer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of MedicineClínica Alemana‐Universidad del DesarrolloSantiagoChile
| | - Mario Herrera‐Marschitz
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Science, Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Yedy Israel
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Science, Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Paula Andrés‐Herrera
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and ParasitologyUniversity of ValenciaValenciaSpain
- University Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED)University of ValenciaValenciaSpain
| | - Lucia Hipólito
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and ParasitologyUniversity of ValenciaValenciaSpain
- University Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED)University of ValenciaValenciaSpain
| | - Fernando Ezquer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of MedicineClínica Alemana‐Universidad del DesarrolloSantiagoChile
- Research Center for the Development of Novel Therapeutic Alternatives for Alcohol Use DisordersSantiagoChile
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Moshrefi F, Farrokhi AM, Fattahi M, Azizbeigi R, Haghparast A. The role of orexin receptors within the CA1 area in the acquisition and expression of methamphetamine place preference. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 172:291-299. [PMID: 38428165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Treatment of Methamphetamine (METH) use disorder has become a crucial public health issue. The orexin system manipulation has provided promising evidence to attenuate addictive-like behaviors. This study explored the role of the orexin 1 receptor and orexin 2 receptor (OX1R and OX2R) in the CA1 area of the hippocampal formation in the acquisition and expression of METH-induced place preference. Animals were subjected to bilateral administration of different dosages (1, 3, 10, and 30 nmol/0.5 μl DMSO per side) of a selective OX1R antagonist, SB334867, or selective OX2R antagonist, TCS OX2 29 into the CA1 area throughout the conditioning phase or once on the post-conditioning phase in separate control and experimental groups. Behavioral data revealed that both OX1R (10 nmol; P < 0.01 and 30 nmol; P < 0.001) and OX2R (10 nmol; P < 0.05 and 30 nmol; P < 0.001) antagonism during the conditioning phase could block the formation of METH place preference dose-dependently. In addition, intra-CA1 microinjection of SB334867 on the post-conditioning phase attenuated the expression of METH place preference in a dose-dependent manner (3 nmol; P < 0.05, 10 nmol; P < 0.01 and 30 nmol; P < 0.001) whereas intra-CA1 administration of TCS OX2 29 only at the highest dosage (30 nmol) declined the expression of METH place preference (P < 0.01). It was also indicated that the suppressive effects of orexin receptor blockade on the METH-seeking behavior in the CA1 area were anatomically specific to this area. These findings support the possibility of targeting the orexin system to develop novel and successful pharmacological options for the treatment of METH dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazel Moshrefi
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Basic Sciences, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Amir Mohammad Farrokhi
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Neurophysiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojdeh Fattahi
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ronak Azizbeigi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Basic Sciences, Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Ritchie JL, Qi S, Christian RJ, Greenwood MJ, Grenz HI, Swatzell SE, Krych PJ, Fuchs RA. Requisite role of dorsal raphé in contextual cocaine-memory reconsolidation. Neuropharmacology 2024; 246:109832. [PMID: 38176535 PMCID: PMC10901441 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Memory reconsolidation is a process by which labile drug memories are restabilized in long-term memory stores, permitting their enduring control over drug-seeking behaviors. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of the dorsal raphé nuclei (DRN) in cocaine-memory reconsolidation. Sprague-Dawley rats (male, female) were trained to self-administer cocaine in a distinct environmental context to establish contextual drug memories. They then received extinction training in a different context. Next, the rats were re-exposed to the cocaine-predictive context for 15 min to reactivate their cocaine memories or remained in their home cages (no-reactivation control). Memory reactivation was sufficient to increase c-Fos expression, an index of neuronal activation, in the DRN, but not in the median raphé nuclei, during reconsolidation, compared to no reactivation. To determine whether DRN neuronal activity was necessary for cocaine-memory reconsolidation, rats received intra-DRN baclofen plus muscimol (BM; GABAB/A agonists) or vehicle microinfusions immediately after or 6 h after a memory reactivation session conducted with or without lever access. The effects of DRN functional inactivation on long-term memory strength, as indicated by the magnitude of context-induced cocaine seeking, were assessed 72 h later. Intra-DRN BM treatment immediately after memory reactivation with or without lever access attenuated subsequent context-induced cocaine-seeking behavior, independent of sex. Conversely, BM treatment in the adjacent periaqueductal gray (PAG) immediately after memory reactivation, or BM treatment in the DRN 6 h after memory reactivation, did not alter responding. Together, these findings indicate that the DRN plays a requisite role in maintaining cocaine-memory strength during reconsolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Ritchie
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - S Qi
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - R J Christian
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - M J Greenwood
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - H I Grenz
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - S E Swatzell
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - P J Krych
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - R A Fuchs
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Pullman, WA, USA; Washington State University Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Program, Pullman, WA, USA.
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Myerson J, Montelongo M, Rufino K, Patriquin M, Salas R, Oh H. Examination of reward processing dysfunctions in the left dorsal striatum and other brain regions among psychiatric inpatients with substance use. Drug Alcohol Depend 2024; 256:111097. [PMID: 38266574 PMCID: PMC10923081 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.111097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance misuse is a major public health issue and research has established attenuated reward responses to drug cues in those who misuse substances. Yet, little is known about whether the expectation of natural reinforcers engages distinct brain regions in substance misuse. METHODS Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we delivered juice at expected and unexpected times to examine reward processing dysfunctions. We focused on the responses within the left dorsal striatum (DS) in individuals with high-risk substance use (HRU, n = 65), low-risk substance use (psychiatric controls, PC, n = 65), and healthy controls (HC, n = 65). Additionally, we investigated whether the dysfunction in reward processing within the left DS is correlated with other common psychiatric symptoms. Finally, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the whole brain to investigate other non-hypothesized brain regions. RESULTS Compared to HC, HRU displayed lower responses to juice delivery (i.e., reward) in the left DS (p <.05). The whole-brain analysis demonstrated that compared to HC, HRU displayed significantly lower responses to reward stimuli in various brain regions, including the bilateral caudate, temporal gyrus, left frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, and right thalamus. LIMITATIONS Participants were individuals with polysubstance use; therefore, we were not able to examine the effects of individual substances. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that HRU displays lower responses to reward stimuli within the left DS and other non-hypothesized brain regions. Our findings may help further elucidate reward processing dysfunctions related to substance misuse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katrina Rufino
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; The Menninger Clinic, Houston, TX, USA; The University of Houston Downtown, Houston, TX 77002, USA
| | - Michelle Patriquin
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; The Menninger Clinic, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ramiro Salas
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; The Menninger Clinic, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hyuntaek Oh
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; The Menninger Clinic, Houston, TX, USA.
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Yang F, Han X, Ai Y, Shao B, Ding W, Tang K, Sun W. A Portable Electrochemical Dopamine Detector Using a Fish Scale-Derived Graphitized Carbon-Modified Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode. Molecules 2024; 29:744. [PMID: 38338487 PMCID: PMC10856148 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a highly conductive alkali-activated graphitized carbon (a-GC) was prepared using tilapia fish scales as precursors through enzymolysis, activation and pyrolytic carbonization methods. The prepared a-GC was modified on the surface of a screen-printed carbon electrode to construct a flexible portable electrochemical sensing platform, which was applied to the differential pulse voltametric detection of dopamine (DA) using a U-disk electrochemical workstation combined with a smart phone and Bluetooth. The prepared a-GC possesses good electrical conductivity, a large specific surface area and abundant active sites, which are beneficial for the electrooxidation of DA molecules and result in excellent sensitivity and high selectivity for DA analysis. Under the optimal conditions, the oxidation peak current of DA increased gradually, with its concentrations in the range from 1.0 μmol/L to 1000.0 μmol/L, with the detection limit as low as 0.25 μmol/L (3S/N). The proposed sensor was further applied to the determination of DA in human sweat samples, with satisfactory results, which provided an opportunity for developing noninvasive early diagnosis and nursing equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yang
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Tropical Ocean Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Optoelectronic Functional Materials of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Photoelectrochemistry of Haikou, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (F.Y.); (X.H.); (Y.A.); (B.S.)
- Haikou Marine Geological Survey Center, China Geological Survey, Haikou 571127, China;
| | - Xiao Han
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Tropical Ocean Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Optoelectronic Functional Materials of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Photoelectrochemistry of Haikou, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (F.Y.); (X.H.); (Y.A.); (B.S.)
| | - Yijing Ai
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Tropical Ocean Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Optoelectronic Functional Materials of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Photoelectrochemistry of Haikou, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (F.Y.); (X.H.); (Y.A.); (B.S.)
| | - Bo Shao
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Tropical Ocean Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Optoelectronic Functional Materials of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Photoelectrochemistry of Haikou, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (F.Y.); (X.H.); (Y.A.); (B.S.)
| | - Weipin Ding
- Haikou Marine Geological Survey Center, China Geological Survey, Haikou 571127, China;
| | - Kai Tang
- Haikou Marine Geological Survey Center, China Geological Survey, Haikou 571127, China;
| | - Wei Sun
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Tropical Ocean Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Optoelectronic Functional Materials of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Photoelectrochemistry of Haikou, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (F.Y.); (X.H.); (Y.A.); (B.S.)
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Stratilov V, Vetrovoy O, Potapova S, Tyulkova E. The Prenatal Hypoxic Pathology Associated with Maternal Stress Predisposes to Dysregulated Expression of the chrna7 Gene and the Subsequent Development of Nicotine Addiction in Adult Offspring. Neuroendocrinology 2024; 114:423-438. [PMID: 38198758 DOI: 10.1159/000536214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies have shown that fetal hypoxia predisposes individuals to develop addictive disorders in adulthood. However, the specific impact of maternal stress, mediated through glucocorticoids and often coexisting with fetal hypoxia, is not yet fully comprehended. METHODS To delineate the potential effects of these pathological factors, we designed models of prenatal severe hypoxia (PSH) in conjunction with maternal stress and prenatal intrauterine ischemia (PII). We assessed the suitability of these models for our research objectives by measuring HIF1α levels and evaluating the glucocorticoid neuroendocrine system. To ascertain nicotine dependence, we employed the conditioned place aversion test and the startle response test. To identify the key factor implicated in nicotine addiction associated with PSH, we employed techniques such as Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and correlational analysis between chrna7 and nr3c1 genes across different brain structures. RESULTS In adult rats exposed to PSH and PII, we observed increased levels of HIF1α in the hippocampus (HPC). However, the PSH group alone exhibited reduced glucocorticoid receptor levels and disturbed circadian glucocorticoid rhythms. Additionally, they displayed signs of nicotine addiction in the conditioned place aversion and startle response tests. We also observed elevated levels of phosphorylated DARPP-32 protein in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) indicated compromised glutamatergic efferent signaling. Furthermore, there was reduced expression of α7 nAChR, which modulates glutamate release, in the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) and HPC. Correlation analysis revealed strong associations between chrna7 and nr3c1 expression in both brain structures. CONCLUSION Perturbations in the glucocorticoid neuroendocrine system and glucocorticoid-dependent gene expression of chrna7 associated with maternal stress response to hypoxia in prenatal period favor the development of nicotine addiction in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Stratilov
- Laboratory of Regulation of Brain Neuronal Functions, Pavlov Institute of Physiology RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Oleg Vetrovoy
- Laboratory of Regulation of Brain Neuronal Functions, Pavlov Institute of Physiology RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Sophia Potapova
- Laboratory of Regulation of Brain Neuronal Functions, Pavlov Institute of Physiology RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina Tyulkova
- Laboratory of Regulation of Brain Neuronal Functions, Pavlov Institute of Physiology RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
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Ueno F, Sakuma M, Nakajima S, Tsugawa S, Ochi R, Tani H, Noda Y, Graff-Guerrero A, Uchida H, Mimura M, Oshima S, Matsushita S. Acetaldehyde-mediated increase in glutamatergic and N-acetylaspartate neurometabolite levels in the midcingulate cortex of ALDH2*1/*2 heterozygous young adults. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 48:58-71. [PMID: 38206287 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To elucidate the neurobiology underlying alcohol's effect on the human brain, we examined the acute effects of moderate alcohol administration on levels of glutamatergic neurometabolites and N-acetylaspartate, an amino acid found in neurons, may reflect disordered neuronal integrity. METHODS Eighteen healthy Japanese participants (7 males/11 females) aged 20-30 years who were heterozygous for an inactive allele of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH/*1/*2) were included. Participants underwent an intravenous alcohol infusion using the clamp method at a target blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.50 mg/mL for 90 min within a range of ±0.05 mg/mL. We examined glutamate + glutamine (Glx) and N-acetylaspartate N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAA) levels in the midcingulate cortex (MCC) using 3 T 1 H-MRS PRESS at baseline, 90 min, and 180 min (i.e., 90 min after alcohol infusion was finished). A two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to assess longitudinal changes in Glx and NAA levels, with time and sex as within- and between-subject factors, respectively. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated among neurometabolite levels and BAC or blood acetaldehyde concentration (BAAC). RESULTS Both Glx (F(2,32) = 8.15, p = 0.004, η2 = 0.15) and NAA (F(2,32) = 5.01, p = 0.04, η2 = 0.07) levels were increased after alcohol injection. There were no sex or time × sex interaction effects observed. NAA levels were positively correlated with BAAC at 90 min (r(13) = 0.77, p = 0.01). There were no associations between neurometabolite levels and BAC. CONCLUSIONS Both Glx and NAA levels in the MCC increased in response to the administration of moderate concentrations of alcohol. Given positive associations between NAA levels and BAAC and the hypothetical glutamate release via dopamine pathways, the effects of drinking on the MCC in the acute phase may be ascribed to acetaldehyde metabolized from alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Ueno
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Japan
| | | | - Shinichiro Nakajima
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sakiko Tsugawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Ochi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Tani
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Noda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ariel Graff-Guerrero
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hiroyuki Uchida
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Mimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunji Oshima
- Sustainable Technology Laboratories, Asahi Quality and Innovations, Ltd., Moriya, Japan
| | - Sachio Matsushita
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Japan
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11
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Hafenbreidel M, Pandey S, Briggs SB, Arza M, Bonthu S, Fisher C, Tiller A, Hall AB, Reed S, Mayorga N, Lin L, Khan S, Cameron MD, Rumbaugh G, Miller CA. Basolateral amygdala corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 interacts with nonmuscle myosin II to destabilize memory in males. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2023; 206:107865. [PMID: 37995804 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical studies show that inhibiting the actin motor ATPase nonmuscle myosin II (NMII) with blebbistatin (Blebb) in the basolateral amgydala (BLA) depolymerizes actin, resulting in an immediate, retrieval-independent disruption of methamphetamine (METH)-associated memory in male and female adult and adolescent rodents. The effect is highly selective, as NMII inhibition has no effect in other relevant brain regions (e.g., dorsal hippocampus [dPHC], nucleus accumbens [NAc]), nor does it interfere with associations for other aversive or appetitive stimuli, including cocaine (COC). To understand the mechanisms responsible for drug specific selectivity we began by investigating, in male mice, the pharmacokinetic differences in METH and COC brain exposure . Replicating METH's longer half-life with COC did not render the COC association susceptible to disruption by NMII inhibition. Therefore, we next assessed transcriptional differences. Comparative RNA-seq profiling in the BLA, dHPC and NAc following METH or COC conditioning identified crhr2, which encodes the corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 (CRF2), as uniquely upregulated by METH in the BLA. CRF2 antagonism with Astressin-2B (AS2B) had no effect on METH-associated memory after consolidation, allowing for determination of CRF2 influences on NMII-based susceptibility. Pretreatment with AS2B prevented the ability of Blebb to disrupt an established METH-associated memory. Alternatively, combining CRF2 overexpression and agonist treatment, urocortin 3 (UCN3), in the BLA during conditioning rendered COC-associated memory susceptible to disruption by NMII inhibition, mimicking the Blebb-induced, retrieval-independent memory disruption seen with METH. These results suggest that BLA CRF2 receptor activation during memory formation in male mice can prevent stabilization of the actin-myosin cytoskeleton supporting the memory, rendering it vulnerable to disruption by NMII inhibition. CRF2 represents an interesting target for BLA-dependent memory destabilization via downstream effects on NMII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalyn Hafenbreidel
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Surya Pandey
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Sherri B Briggs
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Meghana Arza
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Shalakha Bonthu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Cadence Fisher
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Annika Tiller
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Alice B Hall
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Shayna Reed
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Natasha Mayorga
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Susan Khan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Michael D Cameron
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Gavin Rumbaugh
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Courtney A Miller
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States.
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12
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Pollard AA, Hauson AO, Lackey NS, Zhang E, Khayat S, Carson B, Fortea L, Radua J, Grant I. Functional neuroanatomy of craving in heroin use disorder: voxel-based meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) drug cue reactivity studies. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2023; 49:418-430. [PMID: 36880845 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2023.2172423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: The neuroanatomy of craving, typically investigated using the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) drug cue reactivity (FDCR) paradigm, has been shown to involve the mesocorticolimbic, nigrostriatal, and corticocerebellar systems in several substances. However, the neuroanatomy of craving in heroin use disorder is still unclear.Objective: The current meta-analysis examines previous research on the neuroanatomy of craving in abstinent individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD).Method: Seven databases were searched for studies comparing abstinent OUD versus healthy controls on drug > neutral contrast interaction at the whole-brain level. Voxel-based meta-analysis was performed using seed-based d mapping with permuted subject images (SDM-PSI). Thresholds were set at a family-wise error rate of less than 5% with the default pre-processing parameters of SDM-PSI.Results: A total of 10 studies were included (296 OUD and 187 controls). Four hyperactivated clusters were identified with Hedges' g of peaks that ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. These peaks and their associated clusters correspond to the three systems identified in the previous literature: a) mesocorticolimbic, b) nigrostriatal, and c) corticocerebellar. There were also newly revealed hyperactivation regions including the bilateral cingulate, precuneus, fusiform gyrus, pons, lingual gyrus, and inferior occipital gyrus. The meta-analysis did not reveal areas of hypoactivation.Conclusion: Recommendations based on the functional neuroanatomical findings of this meta-analysis include pharmacological interventions such as buprenorphine/naloxone and cognitive-behavioral treatments such as cue-exposure combined with HRV biofeedback. In addition, research should utilize FDCR as pre- and post-measurement to determine the effectiveness and mechanism of action of such interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Pollard
- California School of Professional Psychology, Clinical Psychology PhD Program, San Diego, CA, USA
- Institute of Brain Research and Integrated Neuropsychological Services (iBRAINS.org), San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Alexander O Hauson
- California School of Professional Psychology, Clinical Psychology PhD Program, San Diego, CA, USA
- Institute of Brain Research and Integrated Neuropsychological Services (iBRAINS.org), San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas S Lackey
- California School of Professional Psychology, Clinical Psychology PhD Program, San Diego, CA, USA
- Institute of Brain Research and Integrated Neuropsychological Services (iBRAINS.org), San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Emily Zhang
- California School of Professional Psychology, Clinical Psychology PhD Program, San Diego, CA, USA
- Institute of Brain Research and Integrated Neuropsychological Services (iBRAINS.org), San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Khayat
- Institute of Brain Research and Integrated Neuropsychological Services (iBRAINS.org), San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Bryce Carson
- California School of Professional Psychology, Clinical Psychology PhD Program, San Diego, CA, USA
- Institute of Brain Research and Integrated Neuropsychological Services (iBRAINS.org), San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Lydia Fortea
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Igor Grant
- Department of Psychiatry, University of San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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13
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Benvenuti F, Colombo D, Soverchia L, Cannella N, Domi E, Ciccocioppo R. Psilocybin prevents reinstatement of alcohol seeking by disrupting the reconsolidation of alcohol-related memories. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023; 240:1521-1530. [PMID: 37266686 PMCID: PMC11107141 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06384-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For most psychiatric conditions, including alcohol use disorder (AUD), FDA-approved pharmacological treatments are limited and their efficacy is restricted to only certain subgroups of patients. Scientific interest in the potential of psychedelic drugs has dramatically increased because of clinical preliminary evidence of efficacy in treating various psychiatric disorders. One of the most promising compounds belonging to this class of molecules is psilocybin. Here, to elucidate the therapeutic potential and treatment modalities of this drug, we investigated the effect of psilocybin on alcohol drinking and seeking in genetically selected Marchigian Sardinian alcohol-preferring (msP) rats, a well validated animal model of AUD characterized by excessive drinking and seeking. METHODS Using male and female msP rats, we tested the effect of psilocybin on home cage voluntary alcohol consumption. We also tested the effect of the drug on the alcohol deprivation effect (ADE) model of relapse and on cue-induced reinstatement of alcohol seeking after a period of abstinence. Finally, we evaluated if psilocybin may disrupt the reconsolidation process of alcohol-related memory. RESULTS Psilocybin did not reduce alcohol consumption, nor it prevented increased alcohol drinking after a period of forced abstinence and cue-induced reinstatement of alcohol-seeking. Noteworthy, in a memory retrieval-reconsolidation paradigm, psilocybin markedly attenuated resumption of alcohol seeking. CONCLUSIONS Altogether these data suggest that, despite psilocybin does not affect alcohol drinking and relapse, it may be highly effective if used to block the reconsolidation process of alcohol-related memories. This opens to the possibility of using this psychedelic drug in clinical settings in which AUD patients undergo procedures to recall the memory of alcohol and are then treated with psilocybin during the memory reconsolidation phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Benvenuti
- School of Pharmacy, Center for Neuroscience, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - D Colombo
- School of Pharmacy, Center for Neuroscience, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - L Soverchia
- School of Pharmacy, Center for Neuroscience, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - N Cannella
- School of Pharmacy, Center for Neuroscience, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - E Domi
- School of Pharmacy, Center for Neuroscience, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - R Ciccocioppo
- School of Pharmacy, Center for Neuroscience, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.
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14
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Hafenbreidel M, Briggs SB, Arza M, Bonthu S, Fisher C, Tiller A, Hall AB, Reed S, Mayorga N, Lin L, Khan S, Cameron MD, Rumbaugh G, Miller CA. Basolateral Amygdala Corticotrophin Releasing Factor Receptor 2 Interacts with Nonmuscle Myosin II to Destabilize Memory. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.22.541732. [PMID: 37292925 PMCID: PMC10245849 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.22.541732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Inhibiting the actin motor ATPase nonmuscle myosin II (NMII) with blebbistatin (Blebb) in the basolateral amgydala (BLA) depolymerizes actin, resulting in an immediate, retrieval-independent disruption of methamphetamine (METH)-associated memory. The effect is highly selective, as NMII inhibition has no effect in other relevant brain regions (e.g. dorsal hippocampus [dPHC], nucleus accumbens [NAc]), nor does it interfere with associations for other aversive or appetitive stimuli, including cocaine (COC). To investigate a potential source of this specificity, pharmacokinetic differences in METH and COC brain exposure were examined. Replicating METH's longer half-life with COC did not render the COC association susceptible to disruption by NMII inhibition. Therefore, transcriptional differences were next assessed. Comparative RNA-seq profiling in the BLA, dHPC and NAc following METH or COC conditioning identified crhr2, which encodes the corticotrophin releasing factor receptor 2 (CRF2), as uniquely upregulated by METH in the BLA. CRF2 antagonism with Astressin-2B (AS2B) had no effect on METH-associated memory after consolidation, allowing for determination of CRF2 influences on NMII-based susceptibility after METH conditioning. Pretreatment with AS2B occluded the ability of Blebb to disrupt an established METH-associated memory. Alternatively, the Blebb-induced, retrieval-independent memory disruption seen with METH was mimicked for COC when combined with CRF2 overexpression in the BLA and its ligand, UCN3 during conditioning. These results indicate that BLA CRF2 receptor activation during learning can prevent stabilization of the actin-myosin cytoskeleton supporting the memory, rendering it vulnerable to disruption via NMII inhibition. CRF2 represents an interesting target for BLA-dependent memory destabilization via downstream effects on NMII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalyn Hafenbreidel
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Present address: Department of Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Present address: Department of Neuroscience, Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology Jupiter, FL, 33458
| | - Sherri B Briggs
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Present address: Department of Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Present address: Department of Neuroscience, Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology Jupiter, FL, 33458
| | - Meghana Arza
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Present address: Department of Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Present address: Department of Neuroscience, Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology Jupiter, FL, 33458
| | - Shalakha Bonthu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Present address: Department of Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Present address: Department of Neuroscience, Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology Jupiter, FL, 33458
| | - Cadence Fisher
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Present address: Department of Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Present address: Department of Neuroscience, Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology Jupiter, FL, 33458
| | - Annika Tiller
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Present address: Department of Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Present address: Department of Neuroscience, Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Present address: Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29464
| | - Alice B Hall
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Present address: Department of Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Present address: Department of Neuroscience, Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology Jupiter, FL, 33458
| | - Shayna Reed
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Present address: Department of Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Present address: Department of Neuroscience, Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology Jupiter, FL, 33458
| | - Natasha Mayorga
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Present address: Department of Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Present address: Department of Neuroscience, Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology Jupiter, FL, 33458
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Present address: Department of Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, 33458
| | - Susan Khan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Present address: Department of Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, 33458
| | - Michael D Cameron
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Present address: Department of Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, 33458
| | - Gavin Rumbaugh
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Present address: Department of Neuroscience, Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology Jupiter, FL, 33458
| | - Courtney A Miller
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Present address: Department of Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Present address: Department of Neuroscience, Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology Jupiter, FL, 33458
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Dousti Kataj P, Vousooghi N, Hadjighassem M, Farahmandfar M, Ebrahimi-Barough S. Evaluation of the effect of mesenchymal stem cells injection in the nucleus accumbens on the morphine reinstatement behavior in a conditioned place preference model in Wistar rat: Expression changes of NMDA receptor subunits and NT-3. Behav Brain Res 2023; 444:114360. [PMID: 36854364 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been recently shown to improve functional recovery in animal models of CNS disorders and are currently being examined in clinical studies for sclerosis, stroke, and CNS lesions. The activation of endogenous CNS protection and repair mechanisms is unclear. MSC-based approaches are considered a new potential target for neurodegenerative disorders. This study was designed to discover the effect of MSCs injection in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) on the reinstatement of behavior in morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in male rats. The CPP was induced via intra-peritoneal (i.p.) morphine injection (5 mg/kg) for three consecutive days. After being tested for CPP induction, animals received MSCs or culture medium (DMEM F-12) in their NAc using stereotaxic surgery. Following extinction, a priming dose of morphine (2 mg/kg) was administered to induce reinstatement. Expression of GluN1, GluN2A, and GluN2B subunits of the NMDA receptor and the NT-3 gene in the NAc was assessed on the last day of extinction and following CPP reinstatement. The results showed that local injection of MSCs attenuated reinstatement after receiving a priming dose of morphine, and also shortened the period of CPP extinction. The mRNA expression of the NT-3 gene in the group receiving MSCs was increased compared to control animals, as was observed for GluN1 and GluN2B, but not GluN2A. It is concluded that intra-NAc injection of MSCs may facilitate morphine extinction and alleviate reinstatement behavior which may be via expression changes in NMDA receptor subunits and NT-3 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parviz Dousti Kataj
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Nasim Vousooghi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran; Research Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran; Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Mahmoudreza Hadjighassem
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Maryam Farahmandfar
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Somayeh Ebrahimi-Barough
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran
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Sun Z, Wang M, Xu L, Li Q, Zhao Z, Liu X, Meng F, Liu J, Wang W, Li C, Jiang S. PPARγ/Adiponectin axis attenuates methamphetamine-induced conditional place preference via the hippocampal AdipoR1 signaling pathway. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 125:110758. [PMID: 36972780 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a highly addictive psychostimulant. The adipocyte-derived hormone adiponectin has a broad spectrum of functions in the brain. However, limited research has been conducted on the effect of adiponectin signaling on METH-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) and knowledge of the underlying neural mechanisms is scarce. The METH induced adult male C57/BL6J mice model were used for testing the therapeutic activities of intraperitoneal injection of AdipoRon or Rosiglitazone, and AdipoR1 overexpression in hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG), and chemogenetic inhibiting the neural activity of DG, and the changes of neurotrophic factors, synaptic molecules, and glutamate receptors, and inflammatory cytokines were also measured. We found that adiponectin expression was significantly reduced in METH addicted patients and mice. Our findings also showed that injection of AdipoRon or Rosiglitazone alleviated the METH-induced CPP behavior. Moreover, the expression of AdipoR1 in the hippocampus was also reduced, and AdipoR1 overexpression blocked the development of METH-induced CPP behavior through regulatory effects on neurotrophic factors, synaptic molecules, and glutamate receptors. The observed inhibitory neural activity of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) induced via a chemogenetic approach produced a therapeutic effect on the METH-induced CPP behavior. Finally, we identified an abnormal expression of some key inflammatory cytokines through the PPARγ/Adiponectin/AdipoR1 axis. This study demonstrates that adiponectin signaling is a promising diagnostic and therapeutic target for METH addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyue Sun
- Department of Physiology, Binzhou Medical University, Shandong 264003, China; Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, China; Institute for Metabolic & Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, China
| | - Meiqin Wang
- Department of Physiology, Binzhou Medical University, Shandong 264003, China; Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, China; Institute for Metabolic & Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Physiology, Binzhou Medical University, Shandong 264003, China; Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, China; Institute for Metabolic & Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, China
| | - Qiongyu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, China; Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, China; Institute for Metabolic & Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, China
| | - Zhongyi Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Binzhou Medical University, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Xuehao Liu
- Department of Physiology, Binzhou Medical University, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Fantao Meng
- Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, China; Institute for Metabolic & Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, China; Institute for Metabolic & Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, China
| | - Wentao Wang
- Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, China; Institute for Metabolic & Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, China
| | - Chen Li
- Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, China; Institute for Metabolic & Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, China.
| | - Shujun Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Binzhou Medical University, Shandong 264003, China.
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17
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Horton AL, Campbell EJ, Aumann TD, O'Brien KR, Lawrence AJ, Brown RM. Addiction-like behaviour towards high-fat high-sugar food predicts relapse propensity in both obesity prone and obesity resistant C57BL/6 J mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 121:110654. [PMID: 36209772 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Compulsive overeating of palatable food is thought to underlie some forms of obesity. Similarities are often observed in the behavioural symptomology and the neuropathophysiology underlying substance use disorder and compulsive overeating. As such, preclinical animal models which assess addiction-like behaviour towards food may assist the understanding of the neurobiology underlying overeating behaviour. Further, the relationship between these behaviours and the propensity for diet-induced obesity warrants examination. In this study we investigated the relationship between the propensity for diet-induced obesity (DIO) and addiction-like behaviour towards highly palatable food in C57BL/6 J mice as measured by a 3-criteria model. We also examined the extent to which performance on this 3-criteria model predicted two key hallmark features of addiction - resistance to extinction and relapse propensity (as measured by reinstatement of lever pressing). C57BL/6 J mice were allowed free access to a palatable diet for 8 weeks then separated by weight gain into DIO-prone and DIO-resistant subgroups. Access to palatable food was then restricted to daily operant self-administration sessions whereby addiction-like behaviour towards a high-fat high-sugar food reward was assessed using a 3-criteria model similar to that used to assess addiction-like behaviour towards drugs of abuse. In contrast to findings in rats, no difference in addiction-like behaviour towards food was observed between obesity prone (OP) and obesity resistant (OR) mice. Similarly, principal components analysis found no distinct patterns in the relationship between addiction-like behaviours across treatment groups. This suggests that the strain and species of rodent may be critical for studying the mechanisms underlying pathological overconsumption. Further analysis revealed that the extent of performance on the 3-criteria model correlated with the propensity for C57BL/6 J mice to both extinguish food seeking behaviour and "relapse" after a period of withdrawal. This finding was evident across all groups, regardless of DIO. Collectively, these data validate the 3-criteria model as a robust model to comprehensively assess food addiction-like behaviour in mice, regardless of prior food intake history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Horton
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Florey Department of Neuroscience & Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Erin J Campbell
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Florey Department of Neuroscience & Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Timothy D Aumann
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Katrina R O'Brien
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew J Lawrence
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Florey Department of Neuroscience & Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Robyn M Brown
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Florey Department of Neuroscience & Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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18
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Veisi A, Khaleghzadeh-Ahangar H, Fattahi M, Haghparast A. The Role of Orexin-1 Receptors Within the Hippocampal CA1 Area in the Extinction and Reinstatement of Methamphetamine-Seeking Behaviors. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:671-680. [PMID: 36284025 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03793-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Psychostimulant addiction is a chronic brain disorder with high relapse rates, requiring new therapeutic strategies. The orexin system is highly implicated in processing reward and addiction through connections with critical areas such as the hippocampus. This study investigated the role of orexin-1 receptors (OX1R) within the CA1 subregion of the hippocampus in the extinction and reinstatement of the methamphetamine-induced conditioned place preference. After cannulae implantation, recovery, and establishing the methamphetamine place preference, 98 male Wistar rats received different doses of bilateral intra-CA1 selective OX1R antagonist, SB334867 (1, 3, 10, and 30 nmol/0.5 μl DMSO per side) during the 10-day extinction period (daily) or after extinction phase, just on the reinstatement day (single dose) in separate experimental and control groups. The findings indicated that bilateral microinjection of SB334867 into the CA1 area during the extinction period could significantly reduce the extinction latency and maintenance of rewarding aspects of methamphetamine dose-dependently (3, 10, and 30 nmol). In another set of experiments, a single dose of bilateral intra-CA1 SB334867 administration on the reinstatement phase prevented the methamphetamine-induced reinstatement of drug-seeking behaviors at the high doses (10, and 30 nmol). The present study provided more evidence for the implication of hippocampal OX1R in the maintenance of rewarding and reinforcing properties of methamphetamine and its role in the relapse of methamphetamine-seeking behavior. Further investigations on the role of the orexin system, including the orexin-2 receptors in treating addiction, are needed to introduce its antagonists as effective therapeutic options for psychostimulant addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Veisi
- Department of Physiology, Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Khaleghzadeh-Ahangar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Immunoregulation Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mojdeh Fattahi
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box 19615-1178, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box 19615-1178, Tehran, Iran.
- School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Basic Sciences, Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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19
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Liang M, Chen G, Xi Z, Qian H, Shang Q, Gao B, An R, Shao G, Wang Z, Wang J, Xiao J, Li T, Liu X. The roles of K +-dependent Na +/Ca 2+ exchanger 2 (NCKX2) in methamphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization and conditioned place preference in mice. Neurosci Lett 2023; 792:136952. [PMID: 36336087 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Drug addiction, including methamphetamine (METH) addiction, is a significant public health and social issue. Perturbations in intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis are associated with drug addiction. K+-dependent Na+/Ca2+ exchanger 2 (NCKX2) is located on neuronal cell membranes and constitutes a Ca2+ clearance mechanism, with key roles in synaptic plasticity. NCKX2 is associated with motor learning, memory, and cognitive functions. However, the role of NCKX2 in METH addiction remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the expression levels of NCKX2 in four addiction-related brain regions: the prefrontal cortex (PFc), nucleus accumbens (NAc), dorsal striatum (DS), and hippocampus (Hip) in a C57/BL6 mouse model of METH-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) and behavioral sensitization. Levels of NCKX2 were unchanged in these brain regions in mice with METH-induced CPP but were decreased in the PFc and NAc of mice with METH-induced behavioral sensitization. Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated overexpression of NCKX2 in the PFc attenuated the expression phase of METH-induced behavioral sensitization in mice, whereas AAV-mediated knockdown of NCKX2 enhanced the effects of METH. Collectively, our results suggest that NCKX2 is involved in METH-induced behavioral sensitization but does not affect conditioned reward-related memory, highlighting the potential of NCKX2 as a molecular target for studying the mechanisms underscoring METH addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China; Institute of Forensic Injury, Institute of Forensic Bioevidence, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gang Chen
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China; Institute of Forensic Injury, Institute of Forensic Bioevidence, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China; Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhijia Xi
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China; Institute of Forensic Injury, Institute of Forensic Bioevidence, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongyan Qian
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China; Institute of Forensic Injury, Institute of Forensic Bioevidence, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qing Shang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China; Institute of Forensic Injury, Institute of Forensic Bioevidence, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China.
| | - Baoyao Gao
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China; Institute of Forensic Injury, Institute of Forensic Bioevidence, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ran An
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China; Institute of Forensic Injury, Institute of Forensic Bioevidence, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gaojie Shao
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China; Institute of Forensic Injury, Institute of Forensic Bioevidence, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhirong Wang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China; Institute of Forensic Injury, Institute of Forensic Bioevidence, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China; Institute of Forensic Injury, Institute of Forensic Bioevidence, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Xiao
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China; Institute of Forensic Injury, Institute of Forensic Bioevidence, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tao Li
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China; Institute of Forensic Injury, Institute of Forensic Bioevidence, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinshe Liu
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China; Institute of Forensic Injury, Institute of Forensic Bioevidence, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Anvari S, Foolad F, Javan M, Mirnajafi-Zadeh J, Fathollahi Y. A distinct impact of repeated morphine exposure on synaptic plasticity at Schaffer collateral-CA1, temporoammonic-CA1, and perforant pathway-dentate gyrus synapses along the longitudinal axis of the hippocampus. Hippocampus 2023; 33:47-62. [PMID: 36514833 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to study how morphine affects synaptic transmission in the dentate gyrus and CA1 regions along the hippocampal long axis. For this, recording and measuring of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) were utilized to test the effects of repeated morphine exposure on paired-pulse evoked responses and long-term potentiation (LTP) at Schaffer collateral-CA1 (Sch-CA1), temporoammonic-CA1 (TA-CA1) and perforant pathway-dentate gyrus (PP-DG) synapses in transverse slices from the dorsal (DH), intermediate (IH), and ventral (VH) hippocampus in adult male rats. After repeated morphine exposure, the expression of opioid receptors and the α1 and α5 GABAA subunits were also examined. We found that repeated morphine exposure blunt the difference between the DH and the VH in their basal levels of synaptic transmission at Sch-CA1 synapses that were seen in the control groups. Significant paired-pulse facilitation of excitatory synaptic transmission was observed at Sch-CA1 synapses in slices taken from all three hippocampal segments as well as at PP-DG synapses in slices taken from the VH segment in the morphine-treated groups as compared to the control groups. Interestingly, significant paired-pulse inhibition of excitatory synaptic transmission was observed at TA-CA1 synapses in the DH slices from the morphine-treated group as compared to the control group. While primed-burst stimulation (a protocol reflecting normal neuronal firing) induced a robust LTP in hippocampal subfields in all control groups, resulting in a decaying LTP at TA-CA1 synapses in the VH slices and at PP-DG synapses in both the IH and VH slices taken from the morphine-treated rats. In the DH of morphine-treated rats, we found increased levels of the mRNAs encoding the α1 and α5 GABAA subunits as compared to the control group. Taken together, these findings suggest the potential mechanisms through which repeated morphine exposure causes differential changes in circuit excitability and synaptic plasticity in the dentate gyrus and CA1 regions along the hippocampal long axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohrab Anvari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Forough Foolad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Mirnajafi-Zadeh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yaghoub Fathollahi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Shi X, von Weltin E, Fitzsimmons E, Do C, Caban Rivera C, Chen C, Liu-Chen LY, Unterwald EM. Reactivation of cocaine contextual memory engages mechanistic target of rapamycin/S6 kinase 1 signaling. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:976932. [PMID: 36238569 PMCID: PMC9552424 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.976932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) C1 and its downstream effectors have been implicated in synaptic plasticity and memory. Our prior work demonstrated that reactivation of cocaine memory engages a signaling pathway consisting of Akt, glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β), and mTORC1. The present study sought to identify other components of mTORC1 signaling involved in the reconsolidation of cocaine contextual memory, including eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E)-eIF4G interactions, p70 S6 kinase polypeptide 1 (p70S6K, S6K1) activity, and activity-regulated cytoskeleton (Arc) expression. Cocaine contextual memory was established in adult CD-1 mice using conditioned place preference. After cocaine place preference was established, mice were briefly re-exposed to the cocaine-paired context to reactivate the cocaine memory and brains examined. Western blot analysis showed that phosphorylation of the mTORC1 target, p70S6K, in nucleus accumbens and hippocampus was enhanced 60 min following reactivation of cocaine memories. Inhibition of mTORC1 with systemic administration of rapamycin or inhibition of p70S6K with systemic PF-4708671 after reactivation of cocaine contextual memory abolished the established cocaine place preference. Immunoprecipitation assays showed that reactivation of cocaine memory did not affect eIF4E-eIF4G interactions in nucleus accumbens or hippocampus. Levels of Arc mRNA were significantly elevated 60 and 120 min after cocaine memory reactivation and returned to baseline 24 h later. These findings demonstrate that mTORC1 and p70S6K are required for reconsolidation of cocaine contextual memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdang Shi
- Center for Substance Abuse Research and Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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22
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Mallorquí A, Martínez-Zamora MA, Carmona F. Anhedonia in endometriosis: An unexplored symptom. Front Psychol 2022; 13:935349. [PMID: 36118502 PMCID: PMC9481352 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.935349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Anhedonia is the diminished motivation and sensitivity to pleasurable stimuli. It has been reported to be more prevalent in patients with chronic pain as compared to healthy controls. Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory systemic disease with a significant psychosocial impact that compromises wellbeing and the day-to-day life of patients. Women with endometriosis show significant psychological distress, even more pervasive when chronic pelvic pain is present. In the current review we will discuss the role of anhedonia in endometriotic chronic pelvic pain. We will also present new lines of research that could lead to more fully clarifying the psychological impact of endometriosis and its detrimental repercussions to quality of life and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Mallorquí
- Clinical Health Psychology Section, Institute of Neuroscience (ICN), Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María-Angeles Martínez-Zamora
- Department of Gynecology, Clinic Institute of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: María-Angeles Martínez-Zamora,
| | - Francisco Carmona
- Department of Gynecology, Clinic Institute of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
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23
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Zhu C, Li H, Kong X, Wang Y, Sun T, Wang F. Possible Mechanisms Underlying the Effects of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist on Cocaine Use Disorder. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:819470. [PMID: 35300299 PMCID: PMC8921771 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.819470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is a major public health challenge with a high relapse rate and lack of effective pharmacotherapies; therefore, there is a substantial need to identify novel medications to treat this epidemic. Since the advent of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptors (GLP-1Rs) agonists (GLP-1RAs), their potential has been extensively explored and expanded. In this review, we first summarized the biological effects of GLP-1, GLP-1Rs, and GLP-1RAs. Subsequently, the recent literature examining the behavioral effects and the possible pharmacological mechanisms of GLP-1RAs on CUD was reviewed. Increasing preclinical evidence suggests that GLP-1RAs are promising in regulating dopamine release, dopamine transporter (DAT) surface expression and function, mesolimbic reward system and GABAergic neurons, and maladaptive behaviors in animal models of self-administration and conditioned place preference. In addition, the emerging role of GLP-1RAs in inhibiting inflammatory cytokines was reported. These findings indicate that GLP-1RAs perform essential functions in the modulation of cocaine-seeking and cocaine-taking behaviors likely through multifaceted mechanisms. Although the current preclinical evidence provides convincing evidence to support GLP-1RA as a promising pharmacotherapy for CUD, other questions concerning clinical availability, impact and specific mechanisms remain to be addressed in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changliang Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Yinchuan, China.,Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Hailiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Yinchuan, China.,Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xuerui Kong
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Yinchuan, China.,Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yezhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Yinchuan, China.,Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Yinchuan, China.,Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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24
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Amaral IM, Hofer A, El Rawas R. Implication of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase in the Expression of Natural Reward: Evidence Not Found. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:856675. [PMID: 35368299 PMCID: PMC8973696 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.856675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have implicated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in drug-rewarding properties. Yet, only few investigated whether ERK also mediates the naturally rewarding stimuli. In this study, we compared ERK activation in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) after cocaine reward and after positive social interaction (SI) with a partner-reward in male rats. With our protocol, ERK phosphorylation in the NAc was not increased after cocaine reward. In addition, the interaction with a social partner did not alter ERK activation in the NAc. These results suggest that ERK in the NAc may not be involved in natural reward learning. SI in an alternative context to the one associated with drugs of abuse can abolish drug preference. Given that intra-NAc core ERK inhibition impaired the expression of cocaine preference, we wanted to investigate whether the protective effects of SI when an individual is allowed to interact with a social partner in an alternative context to the one associated with drugs during the learning phase are enhanced by ERK inhibition. For that, U0126 was bilaterally infused into the NAc core of rats conditioned with cocaine in one context and with SI in the opposite context before assessing the expression of reward-related learning. Intra-NAc core ERK inhibition was ineffective to impair the expression of drug reward as previously demonstrated, when a social partner was available in an alternative context. Thus, the effects of the pharmacological manipulations based on decreasing ERK activity are not cumulative to other treatments for drug addiction based on SI.
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Addiction-induced plasticity in underlying neural circuits. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:1605-1615. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05778-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Zinsmaier AK, Dong Y, Huang YH. Cocaine-induced projection-specific and cell type-specific adaptations in the nucleus accumbens. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:669-686. [PMID: 33963288 PMCID: PMC8691189 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01112-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine craving, seeking, and relapse are mediated, in part, by cocaine-induced adaptive changes in the brain reward circuits. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) integrates and prioritizes different emotional and motivational inputs to the reward system by processing convergent glutamatergic projections from the medial prefrontal cortex, basolateral amygdala, ventral hippocampus, and other limbic and paralimbic brain regions. Medium spiny neurons (MSNs) are the principal projection neurons in the NAc, which can be divided into two major subpopulations, namely dopamine receptor D1- versus D2-expressing MSNs, with complementing roles in reward-associated behaviors. After cocaine experience, NAc MSNs exhibit complex and differential adaptations dependent on cocaine regimen, withdrawal time, cell type, location (NAc core versus shell), and related input and output projections, or any combination of these factors. Detailed characterization of these cellular adaptations has been greatly facilitated by the recent development of optogenetic/chemogenetic techniques combined with transgenic tools. In this review, we discuss such cell type- and projection-specific adaptations induced by cocaine experience. Specifically, (1) D1 and D2 NAc MSNs frequently exhibit differential adaptations in spinogenesis, glutamatergic receptor trafficking, and intrinsic membrane excitability, (2) cocaine experience differentially changes the synaptic transmission at different afferent projections onto NAc MSNs, (3) cocaine-induced NAc adaptations exhibit output specificity, e.g., being different at NAc-ventral pallidum versus NAc-ventral tegmental area synapses, and (4) the input, output, subregion, and D1/D2 cell type may together determine cocaine-induced circuit plasticity in the NAc. In light of the projection- and cell-type specificity, we also briefly discuss ensemble and circuit mechanisms contributing to cocaine craving and relapse after drug withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
| | - Yanhua H. Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
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Upadhyay J, Verrico CD, Cay M, Kodele S, Yammine L, Koob GF, Schreiber R. Neurocircuitry basis of the opioid use disorder-post-traumatic stress disorder comorbid state: conceptual analyses using a dimensional framework. Lancet Psychiatry 2022; 9:84-96. [PMID: 34774203 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(21)00008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the interface between opioid use disorder (OUD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is challenging. By use of a dimensional framework, such as research domain criteria, convergent and targetable neurobiological processes in OUD-PTSD comorbidity can be identified. We hypothesise that, in OUD-PTSD, circuitry that is implicated in two research domain criteria systems (ie, negative valence and cognitive control) underpins dysregulation of incentive salience, negative emotionality, and executive function. We also propose that the OUD-PTSD state might be systematically investigated with approaches outlined within a neuroclinical assessment framework for addictions and PTSD. Our dimensional analysis of the OUD-PTSD state shows how first-line therapeutic approaches (ie, partial μ-type opioid receptor [MOR1] agonism) modulate overlapping neurobiological and clinical features and also provides mechanistic rationale for evaluating polytherapeutic strategies (ie, partial MOR1 agonism, κ-type opioid receptor [KOR1] antagonism, and α-2A adrenergic receptor [ADRA2A] agonism). A combination of these therapeutic mechanisms is projected to facilitate recovery in patients with OUD-PTSD by mitigating negative valence states and enhancing executive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaymin Upadhyay
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA.
| | - Christopher D Verrico
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mariesa Cay
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Sanda Kodele
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Section Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Luba Yammine
- Louis A Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - George F Koob
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rudy Schreiber
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Section Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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28
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ČECHOVÁ B, ŠLAMBEROVÁ R. Methamphetamine, Neurotransmitters and Neurodevelopment. Physiol Res 2021; 70:S301-S315. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA), as massively abused psychoactive stimulant, has been associated with many neurological diseases. It has various potent and neurotoxic properties. There are many mechanisms of action that contribute to its neurotoxic and degenerative effects, including excessive neurotransmitter (NEU) release, blockage of NEU uptake transporters, degeneration of NEU receptors, process of oxidative stress etc. MA intoxication is caused by blood-brain barrier disruption resulted from MA-induced oxidation stress. In our laboratory we constantly work on animal research of MA. Our current interest is to investigate processes of MA-induced alteration in neurotransmission, especially during development of laboratory rat. This review will describe current understanding in role of NEUs, which are affected by MA-induced neurotoxicity caused by altering the action of NEUs in the central nervous system (CNS). It also briefly brings information about NEUs development in critical periods of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- B ČECHOVÁ
- Department of Physiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - R ŠLAMBEROVÁ
- Department of Physiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Nomura H, Son C, Aotani D, Shimizu Y, Katsuura G, Noguchi M, Kusakabe T, Tanaka T, Miyazawa T, Hosoda K, Nakao K. Impaired leptin responsiveness in the nucleus accumbens of leptin-overexpressing transgenic mice with dysregulated sucrose and lipid preference independent of obesity. Neurosci Res 2021; 177:94-102. [PMID: 34971637 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
While hypothalamic leptin resistance can occur prior to establishment of obesity, clarification is needed as to whether the impaired response to leptin in the reward-related nuclei occurs independently of obesity. To answer this question, we attempted to dissociate the normally coexisting leptin resistance from obesity. We investigated phenotypes of leptin-overexpressing transgenic mice fed for 1 week with 60 % high-fat diet (HFD) (LepTg-HFD1W mice). After 1 week, we observed that LepTg-HFD1W mice weighed as same as wild type (WT) mice fed standard chow diet (CD) for 1 week (WT-CD1W mice). However, compared to WT-CD1W mice, LepTg-HFD1W mice exhibited attenuated leptin-induced anorexia, decreased leptin-induced c-fos immunostaining in nucleus accumbens (NAc), one of important site of reward system, decreased leptin-stimulated pSTAT3 immunostaining in hypothalamus. Furthermore, neither sucrose nor lipid preference was suppressed by leptin in LepTg-HFD1W mice. On the contrary, leptin significantly suppressed both preferences in WT mice fed HFD (WT-HFD1 W mice). These results indicate that leptin responsiveness decreases in NAc independently of obesity. Additionally, in this situation, suppressive effect of leptin on the hedonic feeding results in impaired regulation. Such findings suggest the impaired leptin responsiveness in NAc partially contributes to dysregulated hedonic feeding behavior independently of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenari Nomura
- Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Cheol Son
- Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Omics Research Center, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Aotani
- Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Shimizu
- Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Human Health and Science, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Goro Katsuura
- Department of Social and Behavioral Medicine, Division of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Michio Noguchi
- Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toru Kusakabe
- Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tanaka
- Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Miyazawa
- Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kiminori Hosoda
- Department of Human Health and Science, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuwa Nakao
- Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Amaral IM, Scheffauer L, Langeder AB, Hofer A, El Rawas R. Rewarding Social Interaction in Rats Increases CaMKII in the Nucleus Accumbens. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1886. [PMID: 34944702 PMCID: PMC8698734 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is known to be involved in the sensitized locomotor responses and drug-seeking behavior to psychostimulants. However, little is known about the contribution of CaMKII signaling in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in natural rewards such as social interaction. The present experiments explored the implication of CaMKII signaling in drug versus natural reward. In the NAc of rats expressing cocaine or social interaction conditioned place preference (CPP), αCaMKII activation was induced in those expressing social interaction but not cocaine CPP. In order to investigate the role of NAc CaMKII in the expression of reward-related learning of drug versus non-drug stimuli, we inhibited CaMKII through an infusion of KN-93, a CaMKII inhibitor, directly into the NAc shell or core, before the CPP test in a concurrent paradigm in which social interaction was made available in the compartment alternative to the one associated with cocaine during conditioning. Whereas vehicle infusions led to equal preference to both stimuli, inhibition of CaMKII by a KN-93 infusion before the CPP test in the shell but not the core of the NAc shifted the rats' preference toward the cocaine-associated compartment. Altogether, these results suggest that social interaction reward engages CaMKII in the NAc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rana El Rawas
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (I.M.A.); (L.S.); (A.B.L.); (A.H.)
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Kraiwattanapirom N, Komlao P, Harnpramukkul A, Promyo K, Ngampramuan S, Chetsawang B. The neuroprotective role of melatonin against methamphetamine toxicity-induced neurotransmission dysregulation and cognitive deficits in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 157:112610. [PMID: 34653556 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) is a psychostimulant and addictive substance. Long-term uses and toxic high doses of MA can induce neurotoxicity. The present study aimed to investigate the protective role of melatonin against MA toxicity-induced dysregulation of the neurotransmission related to cognitive function in rats. The adult male Sprague Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with 5 mg/kg MA for 7 consecutive days with or without subcutaneously injected with 10 mg/kg melatonin before MA injection. Some rats were injected with saline solution (control) or 10 mg/kg melatonin. MA administration induced reduction in total weight gain, neurotoxic features of stereotyped behaviors, deficits in cognitive flexibility, and significantly increased lipid peroxidation in the brain which diminished in melatonin pretreatment. The neurotoxic effect of MA on glutamate, dopamine and GABA transmitters was represented by the alteration of the GluR1, DARPP-32 and parvalbumin (PV) levels, respectively. A significant decrease in the GluR1 was observed in the prefrontal cortex of MA administration in rats. MA administration significantly increased the DARPP-32 but decreased PV in the striatum. Pretreatment of melatonin can abolish the neurotoxic effect of MA on neurotransmission dysregulation. These findings might reveal the antioxidative role of melatonin to restore neurotransmission dysregulation related to cognitive deficits in MA-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natcharee Kraiwattanapirom
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhonpathom, Thailand
| | - Pongphat Komlao
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Kitipong Promyo
- School of Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Sukonthar Ngampramuan
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhonpathom, Thailand
| | - Banthit Chetsawang
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhonpathom, Thailand.
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Role of hippocampal NF-κB and GluN2B in the memory acquisition impairment of experiences gathered prior to cocaine administration in rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20033. [PMID: 34625609 PMCID: PMC8501066 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99448-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocaine can induce severe neurobehavioral changes, among others, the ones involved in learning and memory processes. It is known that during drug consumption, cocaine-associated memory and learning processes take place. However, much less is known about the effects of this drug upon the mechanisms involved in forgetting.The present report focuses on the mechanisms by which cocaine affects memory consolidation of experiences acquired prior to drug administration. We also study the involvement of hippocampus in these processes, with special interest on the role of Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor 2B (GluN2B), and their relationship with other proteins, such as cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB). For this purpose, we developed a rat experimental model of chronic cocaine administration in which spatial memory and the expression or activity of several proteins in the hippocampus were assessed after 36 days of drug administration. We report an impairment in memory acquisition of experiences gathered prior to cocaine administration, associated to an increase in GluN2B expression in the hippocampus. We also demonstrate a decrease in NF-κB activity, as well as in the expression of the active form of CREB, confirming the role of these transcription factors in the cocaine-induced memory impairment.
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33
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Steele VR, Maxwell AM. Treating cocaine and opioid use disorder with transcranial magnetic stimulation: A path forward. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2021; 209:173240. [PMID: 34298030 PMCID: PMC8445657 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Developing new, effective treatments for substance use disorders (SUDs), especially cocaine and opioid use disorders (CUD and OUD), are of immense importance. These are chronic, relapsing brain diseases characterized by dysregulated circuits manifesting from neuroplastic change brought on by repeated exposure to substances of abuse. A potential treatment is therapeutically inducing neuroplastic change in targeted dysregulated circuits. One such intervention, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has gained traction over the past two decades as a method of noninvasively stimulating cortical structures in order to induce subcortical neuroplastic change. By doing so, rTMS ameliorates symptoms that are consequent of dysregulations in disease-related circuits, such as craving, and reduces drug use. Although rTMS has been successfully applied as a treatment for other clinical disorders, progress toward treatment applications for SUDs has been stymied by what we dub "known unknowns". These are fundamental lines of research within the rTMS-SUD field that have yet to be systematically understood which could help to optimize TMS as an intervention for SUDs. Because progress in treatment for CUD and OUD is imperative given the widespread severity of OUD and the lack of treatment for CUD, it is necessary to critically reflect on the ways in which rTMS research for these disorders can most effectively move forward to help patients. We articulate six "known unknowns" and outline a direction of research to address each. Briefly, the "known unknowns" in the field are: 1) Cortical target selection, 2) subcortical circuit engagement, 3) optimizing rTMS sequences, 4) rTMS as an adjuvant to existing interventions, 5) manipulating brain state, and 6) selecting outcome measures. We also outline research design approaches to address these "known unknowns" in the rTMS-SUDs field. Unification of efforts across research laboratories is necessary to develop empirically validated treatments that will benefit patients in a timely fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaughn R Steele
- Yale University, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven CT, USA.
| | - Andrea M Maxwell
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN, USA
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Liu YY, Liu L, Zhu L, Yang X, Tong K, You Y, Yang L, Gao Y, Li X, Chen DS, Hao JR, Sun N, Gao C. dCA1-NAc shell glutamatergic projection mediates context-induced memory recall of morphine. Pharmacol Res 2021; 172:105857. [PMID: 34461223 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Opioid relapse is generally caused by the recurrence of context-induced memory reinstatement of reward. However, the internal mechanisms that facilitate and modify these processes remain unknown. One of the key regions of the reward is the nucleus accumbens (NAc) which receives glutamatergic projections from the dorsal hippocampus CA1 (dCA1). It is not yet known whether the dCA1 projection to the NAc shell regulates the context-induced memory recall of morphine. Here, we used a common model of addiction-related behavior conditioned place preference paradigm, combined with immunofluorescence, chemogenetics, optogenetics, and electrophysiology techniques to characterize the projection of the dCA1 to the NAc shell, in context-induced relapse memory to morphine. We found that glutamatergic neurons of the dCA1 and gamma aminobutyric acidergic (GABA) neurons of the NAc shell are the key brain areas and neurons involved in the context-induced reinstatement of morphine memory. The dCA1-NAc shell glutamatergic input pathway and the excitatory synaptic transmission of the dCA1-NAc shell were enhanced via the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) when mice were re-exposed to environmental cues previously associated with drug intake. Furthermore, chemogenetic and optogenetic inactivation of the dCA1-NAc shell pathway decreased the recurrence of long- and short-term morphine-paired context memory in mice. These results provided evidence that the dCA1-NAc shell glutamatergic projections mediated the context-induced memory recall of morphine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Ying Liu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Le Liu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Xiu Yang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Kun Tong
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Yue You
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Li Yang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Yin Gao
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Xu Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Di-Shi Chen
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Jing-Ru Hao
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Nan Sun
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Can Gao
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China.
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Chen L, Huang S, Yang C, Wu F, Zheng Q, Yan H, Yan J, Luo Y, Galaj E. Blockade of β-Adrenergic Receptors by Propranolol Disrupts Reconsolidation of Drug Memory and Attenuates Heroin Seeking. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:686845. [PMID: 34113256 PMCID: PMC8185332 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.686845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent traces of drug reward memories contribute to intense craving and often trigger relapse. A number of pharmacological interventions on drug-associated memories have shown significant benefits in relapse prevention at a preclinical level but their translational potential is limited due to deleterious side effects. Propranolol, a non-specific β-adrenergic receptors antagonist, is known for its ability to erase maladaptive memories associated with nicotine or cocaine in rodents and humans. However, little is known about its effect on reconsolidation of heroin memory and heroin seeking. In the present study, rats with a history of intravenous heroin self-administration received the propranolol treatment (10 mg/kg; i.p.) at different time windows with or without CS (conditioned stimulus) exposure. Our results showed that propranolol, when administered immediately after CS exposure but not 6 h later, can significantly attenuate cue-induced and drug-primed reinstatement of heroin seeking, suggesting that propranolol has the ability to disrupt heroin memory and reduce relapse. The propranolol treatment without retrieval of drug memory had no effect on subsequent reinstatement of heroin seeking, suggesting that its interfering effects are retrieval-dependent. Importantly, the effects of propranolol were long lasting as rats showed diminished drug seeking even 28 days after the treatment. Altogether, our study suggests that propranolol can interfere with reconsolidation of heroin memory and reduce subsequent drug seeking, making it an attractive therapeutic candidate for the treatment of opioid addiction and relapse prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangpei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shihao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Chang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Feilong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiuyao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - He Yan
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yixiao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Ewa Galaj
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Baltimore, MD, United States
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36
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Donoso JR, Packheiser J, Pusch R, Lederer Z, Walther T, Uengoer M, Lachnit H, Güntürkün O, Cheng S. Emergence of complex dynamics of choice due to repeated exposures to extinction learning. Anim Cogn 2021; 24:1279-1297. [PMID: 33978856 PMCID: PMC8492564 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-021-01521-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Extinction learning, the process of ceasing an acquired behavior in response to altered reinforcement contingencies, is not only essential for survival in a changing environment, but also plays a fundamental role in the treatment of pathological behaviors. During therapy and other forms of training involving extinction, subjects are typically exposed to several sessions with a similar structure. The effects of this repeated exposure are not well understood. Here, we studied the behavior of pigeons across several sessions of a discrimination-learning task in context A, extinction in context B, and a return to context A to test the context-dependent return of the learned responses (ABA renewal). By focusing on individual learning curves across animals, we uncovered a session-dependent variability of behavior: (1) during extinction, pigeons preferred the unrewarded alternative choice in one-third of the sessions, predominantly during the first one. (2) In later sessions, abrupt transitions of behavior at the onset of context B emerged, and (3) the renewal effect decayed as sessions progressed. We show that the observed results can be parsimoniously accounted for by a computational model based only on associative learning between stimuli and actions. Our work thus demonstrates the critical importance of studying the trial-by-trial dynamics of learning in individual sessions, and the power of “simple” associative learning processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- José R Donoso
- Institute for Neural Computation, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Julian Packheiser
- Department of Biopsychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Roland Pusch
- Department of Biopsychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Zhiyin Lederer
- Institute for Neural Computation, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Walther
- Institute for Neural Computation, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Metin Uengoer
- Department of Psychology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Gutenbergstraße 18, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Harald Lachnit
- Department of Psychology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Gutenbergstraße 18, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Onur Güntürkün
- Department of Biopsychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sen Cheng
- Institute for Neural Computation, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.
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37
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Zhang F, Huang S, Bu H, Zhou Y, Chen L, Kang Z, Chen L, Yan H, Yang C, Yan J, Jian X, Luo Y. Disrupting Reconsolidation by Systemic Inhibition of mTOR Kinase via Rapamycin Reduces Cocaine-Seeking Behavior. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:652865. [PMID: 33897438 PMCID: PMC8064688 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.652865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug addiction is considered maladaptive learning, and drug-related memories aroused by the presence of drug related stimuli (drug context or drug-associated cues) promote recurring craving and reinstatement of drug seeking. The mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway is involved in reconsolidation of drug memories in conditioned place preference and alcohol self-administration (SA) paradigms. Here, we explored the effect of mTOR inhibition on reconsolidation of addiction memory using cocaine self-administration paradigm. Rats received intravenous cocaine self-administration training for 10 consecutive days, during which a light/tone conditioned stimulus was paired with each cocaine infusion. After acquisition of the stable cocaine self-administration behaviors, rats were subjected to nosepoke extinction (11 days) to extinguish their behaviors, and then received a 15 min retrieval trial with or without the cocaine-paired tone/light cue delivery or without. Immediately or 6 h after the retrieval trial, rapamycin (10 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally. Finally, cue-induced reinstatement, cocaine-priming-induced reinstatement and spontaneous recovery of cocaine-seeking behaviors were assessed in rapamycin previously treated animals, respectively. We found that rapamycin treatment immediately after a retrieval trial decreased subsequent reinstatement of cocaine seeking induced by cues or cocaine itself, and these effects lasted at least for 28 days. In contrast, delayed intraperitoneal injection of rapamycin 6 h after retrieval or rapamycin injection without retrieval had no effects on cocaine-seeking behaviors. These findings indicated that mTOR inhibition within the reconsolidation time-window impairs the reconsolidation of cocaine associated memory, reduces cocaine-seeking behavior and prevents relapse, and these effects are retrieval-dependent and temporal-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fushen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Shihao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Haiyan Bu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Yiyang Medical College, Yiyang, China
| | - Lixiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Ziliu Kang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | | | - He Yan
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaohong Jian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yixiao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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Avchalumov Y, Mandyam CD. Plasticity in the Hippocampus, Neurogenesis and Drugs of Abuse. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11030404. [PMID: 33810204 PMCID: PMC8004884 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11030404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus assists with consolidation and storage of long-lasting memories. Decades of research has provided substantial information on the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, and this review discusses these mechanisms in brief. Addiction is a chronic relapsing disorder with loss of control over drug taking and drug seeking that is caused by long-lasting memories of drug experience. Relapse to drug use is caused by exposure to context and cues associated with the drug experience, and is a major clinical problem that contributes to the persistence of addiction. This review also briefly discusses some evidence that drugs of abuse alter plasticity in the hippocampus, and that development of novel treatment strategies that reverse or prevent drug-induced synaptic alterations in the hippocampus may reduce relapse behaviors associated with addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chitra D. Mandyam
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA;
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- Correspondence:
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Guerrero-Bautista R, Franco-García A, Hidalgo JM, Fernández-Gómez FJ, Ribeiro Do Couto B, Milanés MV, Núñez C. Distinct Regulation of Dopamine D3 Receptor in the Basolateral Amygdala and Dentate Gyrus during the Reinstatement of Cocaine CPP Induced by Drug Priming and Social Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3100. [PMID: 33803578 PMCID: PMC8002864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Relapse in the seeking and intake of cocaine is one of the main challenges when treating its addiction. Among the triggering factors for the recurrence of cocaine use are the re-exposure to the drug and stressful events. Cocaine relapse engages the activity of memory-related nuclei, such as the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG), which are responsible for emotional and episodic memories. Moreover, D3 receptor (D3R) antagonists have recently arisen as a potential treatment for preventing drug relapse. Thus, we have assessed the impact of D3R blockade in the expression of some dopaminergic markers and the activity of the mTOR pathway, which is modulated by D3R, in the BLA and DG during the reinstatement of cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) evoked by drug priming and social stress. Reinstatement of cocaine CPP paralleled an increasing trend in D3R and dopamine transporter (DAT) levels in the BLA. Social stress, but not drug-induced reactivation of cocaine memories, was prevented by systemic administration of SB-277011-A (a selective D3R antagonist), which was able, however, to impede D3R and DAT up-regulation in the BLA during CPP reinstatement evoked by both stress and cocaine. Concomitant with cocaine CPP reactivation, a diminution in mTOR phosphorylation (activation) in the BLA and DG occurred, which was inhibited by D3R blockade in both nuclei before the social stress episode and only in the BLA when CPP reinstatement was provoked by a cocaine prime. Our data, while supporting a main role for D3R signalling in the BLA in the reactivation of cocaine memories evoked by social stress, indicate that different neural circuits and signalling mechanisms might mediate in the reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behaviours depending upon the triggering stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Guerrero-Bautista
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (R.G.-B.); (A.F.-G.); (J.M.H.); (F.J.F.-G.)
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Aurelio Franco-García
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (R.G.-B.); (A.F.-G.); (J.M.H.); (F.J.F.-G.)
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Juana M. Hidalgo
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (R.G.-B.); (A.F.-G.); (J.M.H.); (F.J.F.-G.)
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Francisco José Fernández-Gómez
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (R.G.-B.); (A.F.-G.); (J.M.H.); (F.J.F.-G.)
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Bruno Ribeiro Do Couto
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain;
- Department of Anatomy and Psychobiology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - M. Victoria Milanés
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (R.G.-B.); (A.F.-G.); (J.M.H.); (F.J.F.-G.)
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Cristina Núñez
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (R.G.-B.); (A.F.-G.); (J.M.H.); (F.J.F.-G.)
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain;
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Mukherjee D, Gonzales BJ, Ashwal-Fluss R, Turm H, Groysman M, Citri A. Egr2 induction in spiny projection neurons of the ventrolateral striatum contributes to cocaine place preference in mice. eLife 2021; 10:65228. [PMID: 33724178 PMCID: PMC8057818 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug addiction develops due to brain-wide plasticity within neuronal ensembles, mediated by dynamic gene expression. Though the most common approach to identify such ensembles relies on immediate early gene expression, little is known of how the activity of these genes is linked to modified behavior observed following repeated drug exposure. To address this gap, we present a broad-to-specific approach, beginning with a comprehensive investigation of brain-wide cocaine-driven gene expression, through the description of dynamic spatial patterns of gene induction in subregions of the striatum, and finally address functionality of region-specific gene induction in the development of cocaine preference. Our findings reveal differential cell-type specific dynamic transcriptional recruitment patterns within two subdomains of the dorsal striatum following repeated cocaine exposure. Furthermore, we demonstrate that induction of the IEG Egr2 in the ventrolateral striatum, as well as the cells within which it is expressed, are required for the development of cocaine seeking. The human brain is ever changing, constantly rewiring itself in response to new experiences, knowledge or information from the environment. Addictive drugs such as cocaine can hijack the genetic mechanisms responsible for this plasticity, creating dangerous, obsessive drug-seeking and consuming behaviors. Cocaine-induced plasticity is difficult to apprehend, however, as brain regions or even cell populations can react differently to the compound. For instance, sub-regions in the striatum – the brain area that responds to rewards and helps to plan movement – show distinct responses during progressive exposure to cocaine. And while researchers know that the drug immediately changes how neurons switch certain genes on and off, it is still unclear how these genetic modifications later affect behavior. Mukherjee, Gonzales et al. explored these questions at different scales, first focusing on how progressive cocaine exposure changed the way various gene programs were activated across the entire brain. This revealed that programs in the striatum were the most affected by the drug. Examining this region more closely showed that cocaine switches on genes in specific ‘spiny projection’ neuron populations, depending on where these cells are located and the drug history of the mouse. Finally, Mukherjee, Gonzales et al. used genetically modified mice to piece together cocaine exposure, genetic changes and modifications in behavior. These experiments revealed that the drive to seek cocaine depended on activation of the Egr2 gene in populations of spiny projection neurons in a specific sub-region of the striatum. The gene, which codes for a protein that regulates how genes are switched on and off, was itself strongly activated by cocaine intake. Cocaine addiction can have devastating consequences for individuals. Grasping how this drug alters the brain could pave the way for new treatments, while also providing information on the basic mechanisms underlying brain plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diptendu Mukherjee
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel.,Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ben Jerry Gonzales
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel.,Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Reut Ashwal-Fluss
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hagit Turm
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel.,Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Maya Groysman
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ami Citri
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel.,Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Program in Child and Brain Development, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, MaRS Centre, Toronto, Canada
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41
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Salery M, Godino A, Nestler EJ. Drug-activated cells: From immediate early genes to neuronal ensembles in addiction. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2021; 90:173-216. [PMID: 33706932 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Beyond their rapid rewarding effects, drugs of abuse can durably alter an individual's response to their environment as illustrated by the compulsive drug seeking and risk of relapse triggered by drug-associated stimuli. The persistence of these associations even long after cessation of drug use demonstrates the enduring mark left by drugs on brain reward circuits. However, within these circuits, neuronal populations are differently affected by drug exposure and growing evidence indicates that relatively small subsets of neurons might be involved in the encoding and expression of drug-mediated associations. The identification of sparse neuronal populations recruited in response to drug exposure has benefited greatly from the study of immediate early genes (IEGs) whose induction is critical in initiating plasticity programs in recently activated neurons. In particular, the development of technologies to manipulate IEG-expressing cells has been fundamental to implicate broadly distributed neuronal ensembles coincidently activated by either drugs or drug-associated stimuli and to then causally establish their involvement in drug responses. In this review, we summarize the literature regarding IEG regulation in different learning paradigms and addiction models to highlight their role as a marker of activity and plasticity. As the exploration of neuronal ensembles in addiction improves our understanding of drug-associated memory encoding, it also raises several questions regarding the cellular and molecular characteristics of these discrete neuronal populations as they become incorporated in drug-associated neuronal ensembles. We review recent efforts towards this goal and discuss how they will offer a more comprehensive understanding of addiction pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Salery
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Arthur Godino
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Eric J Nestler
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.
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42
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McLean S, Rose N. Drug overdose deaths, addiction neuroscience and the challenges of translation. Wellcome Open Res 2021. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16265.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, we argue that the rapid rise in drug overdose deaths in America is a tragedy that draws attention to fundamental conceptual and experimental problems in addiction science that have significant human consequences. Despite enormous economic investment, political support and claims to have revolutionised addiction medicine, neurobiological models are yet to produce a treatment for substance addiction. This is partly, we claim, because neurobiology is unable to explain essential features of addiction and relapse that neurobehavioral models of addiction are better placed to investigate. We show how addiction neuroscience turned to long-term memory to explain the chronicity of addiction and persistent relapses long after neurochemical traces have left the body. The turn to memory may in time help to close the translational gap facing addiction medicine, but it is our view in this article that the primary value of memory theory lays in its potential to create new critical friendships between biological and social sciences that are attuned to the lived experience and suffering of stigmatised people. The value of the memory turn may rest upon the capacity of these critical friendships to wean addiction science off its long-term dependence on disease concepts of human distress.
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43
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Prenatal opioid exposure and vulnerability to future substance use disorders in offspring. Exp Neurol 2021; 339:113621. [PMID: 33516730 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The heightened incidence of opioid use during pregnancy has resulted in unprecedented rates of neonates prenatally exposed to opioids. Prenatal opioid exposure (POE) results in significantly adverse medical, developmental, and behavioral outcomes in offspring. Of growing interest is whether POE contributes to future vulnerability to substance use disorders. The effects of POE on brain development is difficult to assess in humans, as the timing, dose, and route of drug exposure together with complex genetic and environmental factors affect susceptibility to addiction. Preclinical models of POE have allowed us to avoid methodological difficulties and confounding factors of POE in humans. Here, we review the effects of maternal opioid exposure on the developing brain with an emphasis on the neurobiological basis of drug addiction and on preclinical models of POE and their limitations. These studies have indicated that POE increases self-administration of drugs, reward-driven behaviors in the conditioned place paradigm, and locomotor sensitization. While addiction is multifaceted and vulnerability to drug addiction is still inconclusive in human studies of prenatally exposed infants, animal studies do provide a noteworthy corroboration of negative behavioral outcomes.
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44
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García-Cabrerizo R, Carbia C, O Riordan KJ, Schellekens H, Cryan JF. Microbiota-gut-brain axis as a regulator of reward processes. J Neurochem 2021; 157:1495-1524. [PMID: 33368280 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Our gut harbours trillions of microorganisms essential for the maintenance of homeostasis and host physiology in health and disease. In the last decade, there has been a growing interest in understanding the bidirectional pathway of communication between our microbiota and the central nervous system. With regard to reward processes there is accumulating evidence from both animal and human studies that this axis may be a key factor in gating reward valence. Focusing on the mesocorticolimbic pathway, we will discuss how the intestinal microbiota is involved in regulating brain reward functions, both in natural (i.e. eating, social or sexual behaviours) and non-natural reinforcers (drug addiction behaviours including those relevant to alcohol, psychostimulants, opioids and cannabinoids). We will integrate preclinical and clinical evidence suggesting that the microbiota-gut-brain axis could be implicated in the development of disorders associated with alterations in the reward system and how it may be targeted as a promising therapeutic strategy. Cover Image for this issue: https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.15065.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carina Carbia
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Harriet Schellekens
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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45
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Abstract
This review explores how different classes of drugs, including those with therapeutic and abuse potential, alter brain functions and behavior via the epigenome. Epigenetics, in its simplest interpretation, is the study of the regulation of a genes' transcriptional potential. The epigenome is established during development but is malleable throughout life by a wide variety of drugs, with both clinical utility and abuse potential. An epigenetic effect can be central to the drug's therapeutic or abuse potential, or it can be independent from the main effect but nevertheless produce beneficial or adverse side effects. Here, I discuss the various epigenetic effects of main pharmacological drug classes, including antidepressants, antiepileptics, and drugs of abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklos Toth
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA;
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46
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Thompson BL, Oscar-Berman M, Kaplan GB. Opioid-induced structural and functional plasticity of medium-spiny neurons in the nucleus accumbens. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 120:417-430. [PMID: 33152423 PMCID: PMC7855607 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) is a chronic relapsing clinical condition with tremendous morbidity and mortality that frequently persists, despite treatment, due to an individual's underlying psychological, neurobiological, and genetic vulnerabilities. Evidence suggests that these vulnerabilities may have neurochemical, cellular, and molecular bases. Key neuroplastic events within the mesocorticolimbic system that emerge through chronic exposure to opioids may have a determinative influence on behavioral symptoms associated with OUD. In particular, structural and functional alterations in the dendritic spines of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) within the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and its dopaminergic projections from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are believed to facilitate these behavioral sequelae. Additionally, glutamatergic neurons from the prefrontal cortex, the basolateral amygdala, the hippocampus, and the thalamus project to these same MSNs, providing an enriched target for synaptic plasticity. Here, we review literature related to neuroadaptations in NAc MSNs from dopaminergic and glutamatergic pathways in OUD. We also describe new findings related to transcriptional, epigenetic, and molecular mechanisms in MSN plasticity in the different stages of OUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Thompson
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA; Research Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 South Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02130, USA.
| | - Marlene Oscar-Berman
- Research Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 South Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02130, USA; Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, 720 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02118, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, 80 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Gary B Kaplan
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, 720 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02118, USA; Mental Health Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, 940 Belmont Street, Brockton, MA, 02301, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
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47
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Nucleus accumbens fast-spiking interneurons in motivational and addictive behaviors. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:234-246. [PMID: 32071384 PMCID: PMC7431371 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0683-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of drug addiction is associated with functional adaptations within the reward circuitry, within which the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is anatomically positioned as an interface between motivational salience and behavioral output. The functional output of NAc is profoundly altered after exposure to drugs of abuse, and some of the functional changes continue to evolve during drug abstinence, contributing to numerous emotional and motivational alterations related drug taking, seeking, and relapse. As in most brain regions, the functional output of NAc is critically dependent on the dynamic interaction between excitation and inhibition. One of the most prominent sources of inhibition within the NAc arises from fast-spiking interneurons (FSIs). Each NAc FSI innervates hundreds of principal neurons, and orchestrates population activity through its powerful and sustained feedforward inhibition. While the role of NAc FSIs in the context of drug addiction remains poorly understood, emerging evidence suggests that FSIs and FSI-mediated local circuits are key targets for drugs of abuse to tilt the functional output of NAc toward a motivational state favoring drug seeking and relapse. In this review, we discuss recent findings and our conceptualization about NAc FSI-mediated regulation of motivated and cocaine-induced behaviors. We hope that the conceptual framework proposed in this review may provide a useful guidance for ongoing and future studies to determine how FSIs influence the function of NAc and related reward circuits, ultimately leading to addictive behaviors.
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48
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Jiang F, Zheng W, Wu C, Li Y, Shen F, Liang J, Li M, Zhang J, Sui N. Double dissociation of inhibitory effects between the hippocampal TET1 and TET3 in the acquisition of morphine self-administration in rats. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12875. [PMID: 32031744 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The development of opioid addiction involves DNA methylation. Accordingly, the DNA demethylation, induced by ten-eleven translocation (Tet) enzymes, may represent a novel approach to prevent opioid addiction. The present study examined the role of TET1 and TET3 in the development of morphine-seeking behavior in rats. We showed that 1 day of morphine self-administration (SA) training upregulated TET3 but not TET1 expression in the hippocampal CA1. With 7 days of morphine SA training, the expression of TET3 in the CA1 returned to the baseline level, while the TET1 expression was downregulated. No change of TET1 and TET3 in the nucleus accumbens shell was observed in morphine SA trained rats, or in the yoked morphine rats, or in rats trained for saccharin SA. Furthermore, we found that knocking down TET3 expression in the CA1 accelerated the acquisition of morphine SA, while overexpression of the catalytic domain of TET1 in the CA1 attenuated the acquisition. Together, these findings suggest that TET1 and TET3 in the CA1 are important epigenetic modulators involved in the morphine-seeking behavior and provide a new strategy in the treatment of opioid addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng‐Ze Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology Beijing China
- Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Wei Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology Beijing China
- Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Chao Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology Beijing China
- Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yonghui Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology Beijing China
- Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Fang Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology Beijing China
- Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Jing Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology Beijing China
- Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Psychology University of Nebraska—Lincoln Lincoln Nebraska USA
| | - Jian‐Jun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology Beijing China
- Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Nan Sui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology Beijing China
- Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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49
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Amaral IM, Lemos C, Cera I, Dechant G, Hofer A, El Rawas R. Involvement of cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase in the Nucleus Accumbens in Cocaine Versus Social Interaction Reward. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E345. [PMID: 33396297 PMCID: PMC7794935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that PKA activity in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) plays an essential role in reward-related learning. In this study, we investigated whether PKA is differentially involved in the expression of learning produced by either natural reinforcers or psychostimulants. For that purpose, we inhibited PKA through a bilateral infusion of Rp-cAMPS, a specific PKA inhibitor, directly into the NAc. The effects of PKA inhibition in the NAc on the expression of concurrent conditioned place preference (CPP) for cocaine (drug) and social interaction (natural reward) in rats were evaluated. We found that PKA inhibition increased the expression of cocaine preference. This effect was not due to altered stress levels or decreased social reward. PKA inhibition did not affect the expression of natural reward as intra-NAc Rp-cAMPS infusion did not affect expression of social preference. When rats were trained to express cocaine or social interaction CPP and tested for eventual persisting preference 7 and 14 days after CPP expression, cocaine preference was persistent, but social preference was abolished after the first test. These results suggest that PKA in the NAc is involved in drug reward learning that might lead to addiction and that only drug, but not natural, reward is persistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês M. Amaral
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (I.M.A.); (C.L.); (A.H.)
| | - Cristina Lemos
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (I.M.A.); (C.L.); (A.H.)
| | - Isabella Cera
- Institute for Neuroscience, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (I.C.); (G.D.)
| | - Georg Dechant
- Institute for Neuroscience, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (I.C.); (G.D.)
| | - Alex Hofer
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (I.M.A.); (C.L.); (A.H.)
| | - Rana El Rawas
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (I.M.A.); (C.L.); (A.H.)
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50
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Yang JQ, Wang R, Ren Y, Mao JY, Wang ZP, Zhou Y, Han ST. Neuromorphic Engineering: From Biological to Spike-Based Hardware Nervous Systems. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2003610. [PMID: 33165986 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The human brain is a sophisticated, high-performance biocomputer that processes multiple complex tasks in parallel with high efficiency and remarkably low power consumption. Scientists have long been pursuing an artificial intelligence (AI) that can rival the human brain. Spiking neural networks based on neuromorphic computing platforms simulate the architecture and information processing of the intelligent brain, providing new insights for building AIs. The rapid development of materials engineering, device physics, chip integration, and neuroscience has led to exciting progress in neuromorphic computing with the goal of overcoming the von Neumann bottleneck. Herein, fundamental knowledge related to the structures and working principles of neurons and synapses of the biological nervous system is reviewed. An overview is then provided on the development of neuromorphic hardware systems, from artificial synapses and neurons to spike-based neuromorphic computing platforms. It is hoped that this review will shed new light on the evolution of brain-like computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qin Yang
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Ruopeng Wang
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Yi Ren
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Yu Mao
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Zhan-Peng Wang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Ye Zhou
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Su-Ting Han
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
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