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Hudac CM, Friedman NR, Ward VR, Estreicher RE, Dorsey GC, Bernier RA, Kurtz-Nelson EC, Earl RK, Eichler EE, Neuhaus E. Characterizing Sensory Phenotypes of Subgroups with a Known Genetic Etiology Pertaining to Diagnoses of Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intellectual Disability. J Autism Dev Disord 2024; 54:2386-2401. [PMID: 37031308 PMCID: PMC10083138 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-05897-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to identify unique constellations of sensory phenotypes for genetic etiologies associated with diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID). Caregivers reported on sensory behaviors via the Sensory Profile for 290 participants (younger than 25 years of age) with ASD and/or ID diagnoses, of which ~ 70% have a known pathogenic genetic etiology. Caregivers endorsed poor registration (i.e., high sensory threshold, passive behaviors) for all genetic subgroups relative to an "idiopathic" comparison group with an ASD diagnosis and without a known genetic etiology. Genetic profiles indicated prominent sensory seeking in ADNP, CHD8, and DYRK1A, prominent sensory sensitivities in SCN2A, and fewer sensation avoidance behaviors in GRIN2B (relative to the idiopathic ASD comparison group).
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin M Hudac
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, 1800 Gervais Street, Columbia, SC, 29201, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA.
- Carolina Autism and Neurodevelopment Research Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
| | - Nicole R Friedman
- Center for Youth Development and Intervention, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Victoria R Ward
- Center for Youth Development and Intervention, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Rachel E Estreicher
- Center for Youth Development and Intervention, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Grace C Dorsey
- Center for Youth Development and Intervention, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Raphael A Bernier
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Rachel K Earl
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Evan E Eichler
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Emily Neuhaus
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
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2
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Südkamp N, Shchyglo O, Manahan-Vaughan D. GluN2A or GluN2B subunits of the NMDA receptor contribute to changes in neuronal excitability and impairments in LTP in the hippocampus of aging mice but do not mediate detrimental effects of oligomeric Aβ (1-42). Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1377085. [PMID: 38832073 PMCID: PMC11144909 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1377085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies in rodent models have revealed that oligomeric beta-amyloid protein [Aβ (1-42)] plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Early elevations in hippocampal neuronal excitability caused by Aβ (1-42) have been proposed to be mediated via enhanced activation of GluN2B-containing N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR). To what extent GluN2A or GluN2B-containing NMDAR contribute to Aβ (1-42)-mediated impairments of hippocampal function in advanced rodent age is unclear. Here, we assessed hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) and neuronal responses 4-5 weeks after bilateral intracerebral inoculation of 8-15 month old GluN2A+/- or GluN2B+/- transgenic mice with oligomeric Aβ (1-42), or control peptide. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in CA1 pyramidal neurons revealed a more positive resting membrane potential and increased total spike time in GluN2A+/-, but not GluN2B+/--hippocampi following treatment with Aβ (1-42) compared to controls. Action potential 20%-width was increased, and the descending slope was reduced, in Aβ-treated GluN2A+/-, but not GluN2B+/- hippocampi. Sag ratio was increased in Aβ-treated GluN2B+/--mice. Firing frequency was unchanged in wt, GluN2A+/-, and GluN2B+/-hippocampi after Aβ-treatment. Effects were not significantly different from responses detected under the same conditions in wt littermates, however. LTP that lasted for over 2 h in wt hippocampal slices was significantly reduced in GluN2A+/- and was impaired for 15 min in GluN2B+/--hippocampi compared to wt littermates. Furthermore, LTP (>2 h) was significantly impaired in Aβ-treated hippocampi of wt littermates compared to wt treated with control peptide. LTP induced in Aβ-treated GluN2A+/- and GluN2B+/--hippocampi was equivalent to LTP in control peptide-treated transgenic and Aβ-treated wt animals. Taken together, our data indicate that knockdown of GluN2A subunits subtly alters membrane properties of hippocampal neurons and reduces the magnitude of LTP. GluN2B knockdown reduces the early phase of LTP but leaves later phases intact. Aβ (1-42)-treatment slightly exacerbates changes in action potential properties in GluN2A+/--mice. However, the vulnerability of the aging hippocampus to Aβ-mediated impairments of LTP is not mediated by GluN2A or GluN2B-containing NMDAR.
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Lee S, Jung WB, Moon H, Im GH, Noh YW, Shin W, Kim YG, Yi JH, Hong SJ, Jung Y, Ahn S, Kim SG, Kim E. Anterior cingulate cortex-related functional hyperconnectivity underlies sensory hypersensitivity in Grin2b-mutant mice. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02572-y. [PMID: 38704508 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02572-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Sensory abnormalities are observed in ~90% of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. GluN2B, an NMDA receptor subunit that regulates long-term depression and circuit refinement during brain development, has been strongly implicated in ASD, but whether GRIN2B mutations lead to sensory abnormalities remains unclear. Here, we report that Grin2b-mutant mice show behavioral sensory hypersensitivity and brain hyperconnectivity associated with the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Grin2b-mutant mice with a patient-derived C456Y mutation (Grin2bC456Y/+) show sensory hypersensitivity to mechanical, thermal, and electrical stimuli through supraspinal mechanisms. c-fos and functional magnetic resonance imaging indicate that the ACC is hyperactive and hyperconnected with other brain regions under baseline and stimulation conditions. ACC pyramidal neurons show increased excitatory synaptic transmission. Chemogenetic inhibition of ACC pyramidal neurons normalizes ACC hyperconnectivity and sensory hypersensitivity. These results suggest that GluN2B critically regulates ASD-related cortical connectivity and sensory brain functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soowon Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Korea
| | - Won Beom Jung
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, 16419, Korea
- Emotion, Cognition & Behavior Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, 41062, Korea
| | - Heera Moon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Geun Ho Im
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Young Woo Noh
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Wangyong Shin
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Yong Gyu Kim
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Jee Hyun Yi
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Seok Jun Hong
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, 16419, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Yongwhan Jung
- Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Korea
| | - Sunjoo Ahn
- Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Korea
| | - Seong-Gi Kim
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, 16419, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea.
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea.
| | - Eunjoon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
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Lu Y, Mu L, Elstrott J, Fu C, Sun C, Su T, Ma X, Yan J, Jiang H, Hanson JE, Geng Y, Chen Y. Differential depletion of GluN2A induces heterogeneous schizophrenia-related phenotypes in mice. EBioMedicine 2024; 102:105045. [PMID: 38471394 PMCID: PMC10943646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia, a debilitating psychiatric disorder, displays considerable interindividual variation in clinical presentations. The ongoing debate revolves around whether this heterogeneity signifies a continuum of severity linked to a singular causative factor or a collection of distinct subtypes with unique origins. Within the realm of schizophrenia, the functional impairment of GluN2A, a subtype of the NMDA receptor, has been associated with an elevated risk. Despite GluN2A's expression across various neuronal types throughout the brain, its specific contributions to schizophrenia and its involvement in particular cell types or brain regions remain unexplored. METHODS We generated age-specific, cell type-specific or brain region-specific conditional knockout mice targeting GluN2A and conducted a comprehensive analysis using tests measuring phenotypes relevant to schizophrenia. FINDINGS Through the induction of germline ablation of GluN2A, we observed the emergence of numerous schizophrenia-associated abnormalities in adult mice. Intriguingly, GluN2A knockout performed at different ages, in specific cell types and within distinct brain regions, we observed overlapping yet distinct schizophrenia-related phenotypes in mice. INTERPRETATION Our interpretation suggests that the dysfunction of GluN2A is sufficient to evoke heterogeneous manifestations associated with schizophrenia, indicating that GluN2A stands as a prominent risk factor and a potential therapeutic target for schizophrenia. FUNDING This project received support from the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (Grant No. 2019SHZDZX02) awarded to Y.C. and the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (Grant No. 19ZR1468600 and 201409003800) awarded to G.Y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lu
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.100 Haike Rd., Pudong New District, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Longyu Mu
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.100 Haike Rd., Pudong New District, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Justin Elstrott
- Department of Translational Imaging, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Chaoying Fu
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.100 Haike Rd., Pudong New District, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Cailu Sun
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.100 Haike Rd., Pudong New District, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tonghui Su
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.100 Haike Rd., Pudong New District, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaofan Ma
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jia Yan
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jesse E Hanson
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Yang Geng
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.100 Haike Rd., Pudong New District, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Yelin Chen
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.100 Haike Rd., Pudong New District, Shanghai 201210, China.
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Chandrasekaran J, Caldwell KK, Brigman JL. Dynamic regulation of corticostriatal glutamatergic synaptic expression during reversal learning in male mice. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2024; 208:107892. [PMID: 38242226 PMCID: PMC10936219 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2024.107892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Behavioral flexibility, one of the core executive functions of the brain, has been shown to be an essential skill for survival across species. Corticostriatal circuits play a critical role in mediating behavioral flexibility. The molecular mechanisms underlying these processes are still unclear. Here, we measured how synaptic glutamatergic α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) expression dynamically changed during specific stages of learning and reversal. Following training to well-established stages of discrimination and reversal learning on a touchscreen visual task, lateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), dorsal striatum (dS) as well as medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), basolateral amygdala (BLA) and piriform cortex (Pir) were micro dissected from male mouse brain and the expression of glutamatergic receptor subunits in the synaptic fraction were measured via immunoblotting. We found that the GluN2B subunit of NMDAR in the OFC remained stable during initial discrimination learning but significantly increased in the synaptic fraction during mid-reversal stages, the period during which the OFC has been shown to play a critical role in updating outcome expectancies. In contrast, both GluA1 and GluA2 subunits of the AMPAR significantly increased in the dS synaptic fraction as new associations were learned late in reversal. Expression of NMDAR and AMPAR subunits did not significantly differ across learning stages in any other brain region. Together, these findings further support the involvement of OFC-dS circuits in moderating well-learned associations and flexible behavior and suggest that dynamic synaptic expression of NMDAR and AMPAR in these circuits may play a role in mediating efficient learning during discrimination and the ability to update previously learned associations as environmental contingencies change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayapriya Chandrasekaran
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Kevin K Caldwell
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; New Mexico Alcohol Research Center, UNM Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque NM 87131, USA
| | - Jonathan L Brigman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; New Mexico Alcohol Research Center, UNM Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque NM 87131, USA.
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Wan C, Song X, Zhang Z, Hu W, Chen Y, Sun W, Liu Z, Wang S, Meng W. Voluntary exercise during puberty promotes spatial memory and hippocampal DG/CA3 synaptic transmission in mice. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad497. [PMID: 38124544 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise has been shown to have an impact on memory and hippocampal function across different age groups. Nevertheless, the influence and mechanisms underlying how voluntary exercise during puberty affects memory are still inadequately comprehended. This research aims to examine the impacts of self-initiated physical activity throughout adolescence on spatial memory. Developing mice were exposed to a 4-wk voluntary wheel running exercise protocol, commencing at the age of 30 d. After engaging in voluntary wheel running exercise during development, there was an enhancement in spatial memory. Moreover, hippocampal dentate gyrus and CA3 neurons rather than CA1 neurons exhibited an increase in the miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents and miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents. In addition, there was an increase in the expression of NR2A/NR2B subunits of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and α1GABAA subunit of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors, as well as dendritic spine density, specifically within dentate gyrus and CA3 regions rather than CA1 region. The findings suggest that voluntary exercise during development can enhance spatial memory in mice by increasing synapse numbers and improving synaptic transmission in hippocampal dentate gyrus and CA3 regions, but not in CA1 region. This study sheds light on the neural mechanisms underlying how early-life exercise improves cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjian Wan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Rd, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330013, China
- School of Physical Education and Health, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Rd, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330013, China
| | - Xueqing Song
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Rd, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330013, China
| | - Zhuyu Zhang
- School of Physical Education and Health, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Rd, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330013, China
| | - Wenxiang Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Rd, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 33001, China
| | - Yanhua Chen
- School of Physical Education and Health, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Rd, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330013, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Rd, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330013, China
| | - Zhibin Liu
- School of Physical Education and Health, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Rd, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330013, China
| | - Songhua Wang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Rd, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330013, China
- School of Physical Education and Health, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Rd, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330013, China
| | - Wei Meng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Rd, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330013, China
- School of Physical Education and Health, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Rd, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330013, China
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7
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Bannerman DM, Barkus C, Eltokhi A. Behavioral Analysis of NMDAR Function in Rodents: Tests of Long-Term Spatial Memory. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2799:107-138. [PMID: 38727905 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3830-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
NMDAR-dependent forms of synaptic plasticity in brain regions like the hippocampus are widely believed to provide the neural substrate for long-term associative memory formation. However, the experimental data are equivocal at best and may suggest a more nuanced role for NMDARs and synaptic plasticity in memory. Much of the experimental data available comes from studies in genetically modified mice in which NMDAR subunits have been deleted or mutated in order to disrupt NMDAR function. Behavioral assessment of long-term memory in these mice has involved tests like the Morris watermaze and the radial arm maze. Here we describe these behavioral tests and some of the different testing protocols that can be used to assess memory performance. We discuss the importance of distinguishing selective effects on learning and memory processes from nonspecific effects on sensorimotor or motivational aspects of performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Bannerman
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Chris Barkus
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ahmed Eltokhi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Mercer University, Columbus, GA, USA
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Korff M, Chaudhary A, Li Y, Zhou X, Zhao C, Rong J, Chen J, Xiao Z, Elghazawy NH, Sippl W, Davenport AT, Daunais JB, Wang L, Abate C, Ahmed H, Crowe R, Schmidt TJ, Liang SH, Ametamey SM, Wünsch B, Haider A. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Enantiomerically Pure ( R) - and ( S) -[18F]OF-NB1 for Imaging the GluN2B Subunit-Containing NMDA Receptors. J Med Chem 2023; 66:16018-16031. [PMID: 37979148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
GluN2B subunit-containing N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors have been implicated in various neurological disorders. Nonetheless, a validated fluorine-18 labeled positron emission tomography (PET) ligand for GluN2B imaging in the living human brain is currently lacking. The aim of this study was to develop a novel synthetic approach that allows an enantiomerically pure radiosynthesis of the previously reported PET radioligands (R)-[18F]OF-NB1 and (S)-[18F]OF-NB1 as well as to assess their in vitro and in vivo performance characteristics for imaging the GluN2B subunit-containing NMDA receptor in rodents. A novel synthetic approach was successfully developed, which allows for the enantiomerically pure radiosynthesis of (R)-[18F]OF-NB1 and (S)-[18F]OF-NB1 and the translation of the probe to the clinic. While both enantiomers were selective over sigma2 receptors in vitro and in vivo, (R)-[18F]OF-NB1 showed superior GluN2B subunit specificity by in vitro autoradiography and higher volumes of distribution in the rodent brain by small animal PET studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Korff
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, Münster D-48149, Germany
| | - Ahmad Chaudhary
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Yinlong Li
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Chunyu Zhao
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Jian Rong
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Zhiwei Xiao
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Nehal H Elghazawy
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, W.-Langenbeck-Str. 4, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, W.-Langenbeck-Str. 4, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - April T Davenport
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - James B Daunais
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Lu Wang
- Center of Cyclotron and PET Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT-MRI Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Carmen Abate
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze Del Farmaco, Università Degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO, Via Orabona 4, Bari 70125, Italy
| | - Hazem Ahmed
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences ETH, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Ron Crowe
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Thomas J Schmidt
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Phytochemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, Münster D-48149, Germany
| | - Steven H Liang
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Simon M Ametamey
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences ETH, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, Münster D-48149, Germany
| | - Ahmed Haider
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
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Anderson D, Robison AJ. Commentary: Untangling the structural and enzymatic roles of CaMKII at the synapse. Cell Calcium 2023; 116:102813. [PMID: 37806033 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Anderson
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, Eat Lansing, MI, USA
| | - A J Robison
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, Eat Lansing, MI, USA; Physiology Department, Michigan State University, Eat Lansing, MI, USA.
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10
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Nicoll RA, Schulman H. Synaptic memory and CaMKII. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:2877-2925. [PMID: 37290118 PMCID: PMC10642921 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00034.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and long-term potentiation (LTP) were discovered within a decade of each other and have been inextricably intertwined ever since. However, like many marriages, it has had its up and downs. Based on the unique biochemical properties of CaMKII, it was proposed as a memory molecule before any physiological linkage was made to LTP. However, as reviewed here, the convincing linkage of CaMKII to synaptic physiology and behavior took many decades. New technologies were critical in this journey, including in vitro brain slices, mouse genetics, single-cell molecular genetics, pharmacological reagents, protein structure, and two-photon microscopy, as were new investigators attracted by the exciting challenge. This review tracks this journey and assesses the state of this marriage 40 years on. The collective literature impels us to propose a relatively simple model for synaptic memory involving the following steps that drive the process: 1) Ca2+ entry through N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors activates CaMKII. 2) CaMKII undergoes autophosphorylation resulting in constitutive, Ca2+-independent activity and exposure of a binding site for the NMDA receptor subunit GluN2B. 3) Active CaMKII translocates to the postsynaptic density (PSD) and binds to the cytoplasmic C-tail of GluN2B. 4) The CaMKII-GluN2B complex initiates a structural rearrangement of the PSD that may involve liquid-liquid phase separation. 5) This rearrangement involves the PSD-95 scaffolding protein, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs), and their transmembrane AMPAR-regulatory protein (TARP) auxiliary subunits, resulting in an accumulation of AMPARs in the PSD that underlies synaptic potentiation. 6) The stability of the modified PSD is maintained by the stability of the CaMKII-GluN2B complex. 7) By a process of subunit exchange or interholoenzyme phosphorylation CaMKII maintains synaptic potentiation in the face of CaMKII protein turnover. There are many other important proteins that participate in enlargement of the synaptic spine or modulation of the steps that drive and maintain the potentiation. In this review we critically discuss the data underlying each of the steps. As will become clear, some of these steps are more firmly grounded than others, and we provide suggestions as to how the evidence supporting these steps can be strengthened or, based on the new data, be replaced. Although the journey has been a long one, the prospect of having a detailed cellular and molecular understanding of learning and memory is at hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Nicoll
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Howard Schulman
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
- Panorama Research Institute, Sunnyvale, California, United States
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11
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Lam XJ, Maniam S, Cheah PS, Ling KH. REST in the Road Map of Brain Development. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:3417-3433. [PMID: 37517069 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01394-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor (REST) or also known as neuron-restrictive silencing factor (NRSF), is the key initiator of epigenetic neuronal gene-expression modification. Identification of a massive number of REST-targeted genes in the brain signifies its broad involvement in maintaining the functionality of the nervous system. Additionally, REST plays a crucial role in conferring neuroprotection to the neurons against various stressors or insults during injuries. At the cellular level, nuclear localisation of REST is a key determinant for the functional transcriptional regulation of REST towards its target genes. Emerging studies reveal the implication of REST nuclear mislocalisation or dysregulation in several neurological diseases. The expression of REST varies depending on different types of neurological disorders, which has created challenges in the discovery of REST-targeted interventions. Hence, this review presents a comprehensive summary on the physiological roles of REST throughout brain development and its implications in neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders, brain tumours and cerebrovascular diseases. This review offers valuable insights to the development of potential therapeutic approaches targeting REST to improve pathologies in the brain. The important roles of REST as a key player in the nervous system development, and its implications in several neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Jieh Lam
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sandra Maniam
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pike-See Cheah
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing (MyAgeing), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - King-Hwa Ling
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing (MyAgeing), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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12
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González-Alfonso WL, Pavel P, Karina HM, Del Razo LM, Sanchez-Peña LC, Zepeda A, Gonsebatt ME. Chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic and fluoride induces redox imbalance, inhibits the transsulfuration pathway, and alters glutamate receptor expression in the brain, resulting in memory impairment in adult male mouse offspring. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:2371-2383. [PMID: 37482551 PMCID: PMC10404204 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03556-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to toxic elements in drinking water, such as arsenic (As) and fluoride (F), starts at gestation and has been associated with memory and learning deficits in children. Studies in which rodents underwent mechanistic single exposure to As or F showed that the neurotoxic effects are associated with their capacity to disrupt redox balance, mainly by diminishing glutathione (GSH) levels, altering glutamate disposal, and altering glutamate receptor expression, which disrupts synaptic transmission. Elevated levels of As and F are common in groundwater worldwide. To explore the neurotoxicity of chronic exposure to As and F in drinking water, pregnant CD-1 mice were exposed to 2 mg/L As (sodium arsenite) and 25 mg/L F (sodium fluoride) alone or in combination. The male litter continued to receive exposure up to 30 or 90 days after birth. The effects of chronic exposure on GSH levels, transsulfuration pathway enzymatic activity, expression of cysteine/cystine transporters, glutamate transporters, and ionotropic glutamate receptor subunits as well as behavioral performance in the object recognition memory task were assessed. Combined exposure resulted in a significant reduction in GSH levels in the cortex and hippocampus at different times, decreased transsulfuration pathway enzyme activity, as well as diminished xCT protein expression. Altered glutamate receptor expression in the cortex and hippocampus and decreased transaminase enzyme activity were observed. These molecular alterations were associated with memory impairment in the object recognition task, which relies on these brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy L González-Alfonso
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A. P. 70-228, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico, CDMX, México
| | - Petrosyan Pavel
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A. P. 70-228, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico, CDMX, México
| | - Hernández-Mercado Karina
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A. P. 70-228, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico, CDMX, México
| | - Luz M Del Razo
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación Y Estudios Avanzados, Mexico, DF, Mexico
| | - Luz C Sanchez-Peña
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación Y Estudios Avanzados, Mexico, DF, Mexico
| | - Angélica Zepeda
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A. P. 70-228, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico, CDMX, México
| | - María E Gonsebatt
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A. P. 70-228, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico, CDMX, México.
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13
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Ge Y, Wang YT. GluN2B-containing NMDARs in the mammalian brain: pharmacology, physiology, and pathology. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1190324. [PMID: 37324591 PMCID: PMC10264587 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1190324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) is critical for promoting physiological synaptic plasticity and neuronal viability. As a major subpopulation of the NMDAR, the GluN2B subunit-containing NMDARs have distinct pharmacological properties, physiological functions, and pathological relevance to neurological diseases compared with other NMDAR subtypes. In mature neurons, GluN2B-containing NMDARs are likely expressed as both diheteromeric and triheteromeric receptors, though the functional importance of each subpopulation has yet to be disentangled. Moreover, the C-terminal region of the GluN2B subunit forms structural complexes with multiple intracellular signaling proteins. These protein complexes play critical roles in both activity-dependent synaptic plasticity and neuronal survival and death signaling, thus serving as the molecular substrates underlying multiple physiological functions. Accordingly, dysregulation of GluN2B-containing NMDARs and/or their downstream signaling pathways has been implicated in neurological diseases, and various strategies to reverse these deficits have been investigated. In this article, we provide an overview of GluN2B-containing NMDAR pharmacology and its key physiological functions, highlighting the importance of this receptor subtype during both health and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ge
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yu Tian Wang
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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14
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Rajão-Saraiva J, Dunot J, Ribera A, Temido-Ferreira M, Coelho JE, König S, Moreno S, Enguita FJ, Willem M, Kins S, Marie H, Lopes LV, Pousinha PA. Age-dependent NMDA receptor function is regulated by the amyloid precursor protein. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13778. [PMID: 36704841 PMCID: PMC10014064 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are critical for the maturation and plasticity of glutamatergic synapses. In the hippocampus, NMDARs mainly contain GluN2A and/or GluN2B regulatory subunits. The amyloid precursor protein (APP) has emerged as a putative regulator of NMDARs, but the impact of this interaction to their function is largely unknown. By combining patch-clamp electrophysiology and molecular approaches, we unravel a dual mechanism by which APP controls GluN2B-NMDARs, depending on the life stage. We show that APP is highly abundant specifically at the postnatal postsynapse. It interacts with GluN2B-NMDARs, controlling its synaptic content and mediated currents, both in infant mice and primary neuronal cultures. Upon aging, the APP amyloidogenic-derived C-terminal fragments, rather than APP full-length, contribute to aberrant GluN2B-NMDAR currents. Accordingly, we found that the APP processing is increased upon aging, both in mice and human brain. Interfering with stability or production of the APP intracellular domain normalized the GluN2B-NMDARs currents. While the first mechanism might be essential for synaptic maturation during development, the latter could contribute to age-related synaptic impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Rajão-Saraiva
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jade Dunot
- University Côte d' Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7275, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), Valbonne, France
| | - Aurore Ribera
- University Côte d' Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7275, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), Valbonne, France
| | - Mariana Temido-Ferreira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana E Coelho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Svenja König
- Division of Human Biology and Human Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Sébastien Moreno
- University Côte d' Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7275, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), Valbonne, France
| | - Francisco J Enguita
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Michael Willem
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Division of Metabolic Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Kins
- Division of Human Biology and Human Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Hélène Marie
- University Côte d' Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7275, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), Valbonne, France
| | - Luísa V Lopes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Paula A Pousinha
- University Côte d' Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7275, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), Valbonne, France
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15
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Woodburn SC, Asrat HS, Flurer JK, Schwierling HC, Bollinger JL, Vollmer LL, Wohleb ES. Depletion of microglial BDNF increases susceptibility to the behavioral and synaptic effects of chronic unpredictable stress. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 109:127-138. [PMID: 36681359 PMCID: PMC10023455 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC), chronic stress reduces synaptic expression of glutamate receptors, leading to decreased excitatory signaling from layer V pyramidal neurons and working memory deficits. One key element driving these changes is a reduction in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling. BDNF is a potent mediator of synaptic growth and deficient BDNF signaling has been linked to stress susceptibility. Prior studies indicated that neurons are the primary source of BDNF, but more recent work suggests that microglia are also an important source of BDNF. Adding to this, our work showed that 14 days of chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) reduced Bdnf transcript in PFC microglia, evincing its relevance in the effects of stress. To explore this further, we utilized transgenic mice with microglia-specific depletion of BDNF (Cx3cr1Cre/+:Bdnffl/fl) and genotype controls (Cx3cr1Cre/+:Bdnf+/+). In the following experiments, mice were exposed to a shortened CUS paradigm (7 days) to determine if microglial Bdnf depletion promotes stress susceptibility. Analyses of PFC microglia revealed that Cx3cr1Cre/+:Bdnffl/fl mice had shifts in phenotypic markers and gene expression. In a separate cohort, synaptoneurosomes were collected from the PFC and western blotting was performed for synaptic markers. These experiments showed that Cx3cr1Cre/+:Bdnffl/fl mice had baseline deficits in GluN2B, and that 7 days of CUS additionally reduced GluN2A levels in Cx3cr1Cre/+:Bdnffl/fl mice, but not genotype controls. Behavioral and cognitive testing showed that this coincided with exacerbated stress effects on temporal object recognition in Cx3cr1Cre/+:Bdnffl/fl mice. These results indicate that microglial BDNF promotes glutamate receptor expression in the PFC. As such, mice with deficient microglial BDNF had increased susceptibility to the behavioral and cognitive consequences of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C Woodburn
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Helina S Asrat
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - James K Flurer
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Hana C Schwierling
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Justin L Bollinger
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Lauren L Vollmer
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Eric S Wohleb
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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16
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Korff M, Chaudhary A, Li Y, Zhou X, Zhao C, Rong J, Chen J, Xiao Z, Elghazawy NH, Sippl W, Davenport AT, Daunais JB, Wang L, Abate C, Ahmed H, Crowe R, Liang SH, Ametamey SM, Wünsch B, Haider A. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Enantiomerically Pure ( R)- and ( S)-[ 18F]OF-NB1 for Imaging the GluN2B Subunit-Containing NMDA receptors. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2516002. [PMID: 36747738 PMCID: PMC9901044 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2516002/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
GluN2B subunit-containing N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors have been implicated in various neurological disorders. Nonetheless, a validated fluorine-18 labeled positron emission tomography (PET) ligand for GluN2B imaging in the living human brain is currently lacking. As part of our PET ligand development program, we have recently reported on the preclinical evaluation of [18F]OF-NB1 - a GluN2B PET ligand with promising attributes for potential clinical translation. However, the further development of [18F]OF-NB1 is currently precluded by major limitations in the radiolabeling procedure. These limitations include the use of highly corrosive reactants and racemization during the radiosynthesis. As such, the aim of this study was to develop a synthetic approach that allows an enantiomerically pure radiosynthesis of (R)-[18F]OF-NB1 and (S)-[18F]OF-NB1, as well as to assess their in vitro and in vivo performance characteristics for imaging the GluN2B subunit-containing NMDA receptor in rodents. A two-step radiosynthesis involving radiofluorination of the boronic acid pinacol ester, followed by coupling to the 3-benzazepine core structure via reductive amination was employed. The new synthetic approach yielded enantiomerically pure (R)-[18F]OF-NB1 and (S)-[18F]OF-NB1, while concurrently circumventing the use of corrosive reactants. In vitro autoradiograms with mouse and rat brain sections revealed a higher selectivity of (R)-[18F]OF-NB1 over (S)-[18F]OFNB1 for GluN2B-rich brain regions. In concert with these observations, blockade studies with commercially available GluN2B antagonist, CP101606, showed a significant signal reduction, which was more pronounced for (R)-[18F]OF-NB1 than for (S)-[18F]OF-NB1. Conversely, blockade experiments with sigma2 ligand, FA10, did not result in a significant reduction of tracer binding for both enantiomers. PET imaging experiments with CD1 mice revealed a higher brain uptake and retention for (R)-[18F]OF-NB1, as assessed by visual inspection and volumes of distribution from Logan graphical analyses. In vivo blocking experiments with sigma2 ligand, FA10, did not result in a significant reduction of the brain signal for both enantiomers, thus corroborating the selectivity over sigma2 receptors. In conclusion, we have developed a novel synthetic approach that is suitable for upscale to human use and allows the enantiomerically pure radiosynthesis of (R)-[18F]OF-NB1 and (S)-[18F]OF-NB1. While both enantiomers were selective over sigma2 receptors in vitro and in vivo, (R)-[18F]OF-NB1 showed superior GluN2B subunit specificity by in vitro autoradiography and higher volumes of distribution in small animal PET studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Korff
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ahmad Chaudhary
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yinlong Li
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Chunyu Zhao
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jian Rong
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Zhiwei Xiao
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Nehal H Elghazawy
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, W.-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, W.-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - April T Davenport
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - James B Daunais
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Center of Cyclotron and PET Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT-MRI Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Carmen Abate
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze Del Farmaco, Università Degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO, Via Orabona 4, Bari 70125, Italy
| | - Hazem Ahmed
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences ETH, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ron Crowe
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Steven H Liang
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Simon M Ametamey
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences ETH, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ahmed Haider
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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17
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Zha C, Sossin WS. The molecular diversity of plasticity mechanisms underlying memory: An evolutionary perspective. J Neurochem 2022; 163:444-460. [PMID: 36326567 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Experience triggers molecular cascades in organisms (learning) that lead to alterations (memory) to allow the organism to change its behavior based on experience. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying memory, particularly in the nervous system of animals, has been an exciting scientific challenge for neuroscience. We review what is known about forms of neuronal plasticity that underlie memory highlighting important issues in the field: (1) the importance of being able to measure how neurons are activated during learning to identify the form of plasticity that underlies memory, (2) the many distinct forms of plasticity important for memories that naturally decay both within and between organisms, and (3) unifying principles underlying the formation and maintenance of long-term memories. Overall, the diversity of molecular mechanisms underlying memories that naturally decay contrasts with more unified molecular mechanisms implicated in long-lasting changes. Despite many advances, important questions remain as to which mechanisms of neuronal plasticity underlie memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congyao Zha
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Wayne S Sossin
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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18
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Hetsch F, Wang D, Chen X, Zhang J, Aslam M, Kegel M, Tonner H, Grus F, von Engelhardt J. CKAMP44 controls synaptic function and strength of relay neurons during early development of the dLGN. J Physiol 2022; 600:3549-3565. [PMID: 35770953 DOI: 10.1113/jp283172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Expression of CKAMP44 starts early during development of the dLGN and remains stable in relay neurons and interneurons. Genetic deletion of CKAMP44 decreases synaptic strength and increases silent synapse number in dLGN relay neurons. Genetic deletion of CKAMP44 increases the rate of recovery from desensitisation of AMPA receptors in dLGN relay neurons. Genetic deletion of CKAMP44 reduces synaptic short-term depression in retinogeniculate synapses. The probability to induce plateau potentials is elevated in relay neurons of CKAMP44-/- mice. Eye-specific input segregation is unaffected in the dLGN of CKAMP44-/- mice. Deletion of CKAMP44 mildly affects dendritic arborisation of relay neurons in the dLGN. ABSTRACT Relay neurons of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) receive inputs from retinal ganglion cells via retinogeniculate synapses. These connections undergo pruning in the first two weeks after eye opening. The remaining connections are strengthened several-fold by the insertion of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) into weak or silent synapses. In this study, we found that the AMPAR auxiliary subunit CKAMP44 is required for receptor insertion and function of retinogeniculate synapses during development. Genetic deletion of CKAMP44 resulted in decreased synaptic strength and a higher number of silent synapses in young (P9-11) mice. Recovery from desensitisation of AMPA receptors was faster in CKAMP44 knockout (CKAMP44-/- ) than in wildtype mice. Moreover, loss of CKAMP44 increased the probability to induce plateau potentials, which are known to be important for eye-specific input segregation and retinogeniculate synapse maturation. The anatomy of relay neurons in the dLGN was changed in young CKAMP44-/- mice showing a transient increase in dendritic branching that normalised during later development (P26-33). Interestingly, input segregation in young CKAMP44-/- mice was not affected when compared to wildtype mice. These results demonstrate that CKAMP44 promotes maturation and modulates function of retinogeniculate synapses during early development of the visual system without affecting input segregation. Abstract figure legend AMPA receptor auxiliary subunit CKAMP44 influences synaptic function in retinogeniculate synapses of young mice. CKAMP44 unsilences synapses by recruiting AMPA receptors to the synapse. Furthermore, genetic deletion of CKAMP44 reduces short-term depression and increases the probability to elicit L-type Ca2+ channel-mediated plateau potentials. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Hetsch
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Danni Wang
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Xufeng Chen
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jiong Zhang
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marcel Kegel
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Henrik Tonner
- Experimental Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Franz Grus
- Experimental Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jakob von Engelhardt
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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Synaptic Dysfunction by Mutations in GRIN2B: Influence of Triheteromeric NMDA Receptors on Gain-of-Function and Loss-of-Function Mutant Classification. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12060789. [PMID: 35741674 PMCID: PMC9221112 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12060789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
GRIN2B mutations are rare but often associated with patients having severe neurodevelopmental disorders with varying range of symptoms such as intellectual disability, developmental delay and epilepsy. Patient symptoms likely arise from mutations disturbing the role that the encoded NMDA receptor subunit, GluN2B, plays at neuronal connections in the developing nervous system. In this study, we investigated the cell-autonomous effects of putative gain- (GoF) and loss-of-function (LoF) missense GRIN2B mutations on excitatory synapses onto CA1 pyramidal neurons in organotypic hippocampal slices. In the absence of both native GluN2A and GluN2B subunits, functional incorporation into synaptic NMDA receptors was attenuated for GoF mutants, or almost eliminated for LoF GluN2B mutants. NMDA-receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (NMDA-EPSCs) from synaptic GoF GluN1/2B receptors had prolonged decays consistent with their functional classification. Nonetheless, in the presence of native GluN2A, molecular replacement of native GluN2B with GoF and LoF GluN2B mutants all led to similar functional incorporation into synaptic receptors, more rapidly decaying NMDA-EPSCs and greater inhibition by TCN-201, a selective antagonist for GluN2A-containing NMDA receptors. Mechanistic insight was gained from experiments in HEK293T cells, which revealed that GluN2B GoF mutants slowed deactivation in diheteromeric GluN1/2B, but not triheteromeric GluN1/2A/2B receptors. We also show that a disease-associated missense mutation, which severely affects surface expression, causes opposing effects on NMDA-EPSC decay and charge transfer when introduced into GluN2A or GluN2B. Finally, we show that having a single null Grin2b allele has only a modest effect on NMDA-EPSC decay kinetics. Our results demonstrate that functional incorporation of GoF and LoF GluN2B mutants into synaptic receptors and the effects on EPSC decay times are highly dependent on the presence of triheteromeric GluN1/2A/2B NMDA receptors, thereby influencing the functional classification of NMDA receptor variants as GoF or LoF mutations. These findings highlight the complexity of interpreting effects of disease-causing NMDA receptor missense mutations in the context of neuronal function.
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Effects of Treadmill Exercise on Social Behavior in Rats Exposed to Thimerosal with Respect to the Hippocampal Level of GluN1, GluN2A, and GluN2B. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:1345-1357. [PMID: 35597884 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-02027-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Thimerosal (THIM) kills brain neurons via induction of apoptosis and necrosis and induces the pathological features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in rats. THIM also affects the function of glutamatergic receptors. On the other hand, exercise induces both improvement and impairment effects on memory, depending on intensity, type, and duration. Treadmill exercise can also alter the expression of glutamatergic receptors. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of THIM and three protocols of treadmill exercise on social interaction memory and hippocampal expression of GluN1, GluN2A, and GluN2B in rats. THIM was injected intramuscularly at the dose of 300 µg/kg. The three-chamber apparatus was used to evaluate social interaction memory, and western blotting was used to assess protein expression. The results showed that THIM impaired social memory. Exercise 1 impaired social affiliation in controls. Social memory was impaired in all exercise groups of controls. Exercise 1 + 2 impaired social affiliation in THIM rats. Social memory was impaired in all groups of THIM rats. Exercises 2 and 1 + 2 decreased the expression of GluN1, and exercise 1 increased the expression of GluN2A and GluN2B in controls. THIM increased the expression of GluN2B, while exercise 1 reversed this effect. All exercise protocols increased the expression of GluN2A, and exercises 2 and 1 + 2 increased the expression of GluN1 in THIM rats. In conclusion, both THIM and exercise impaired social memory. Of note, the results did not show a separate and influential role for glutamatergic subunits in modulating memory processes following THIM injection or exercise.
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Gorlewicz A, Pijet B, Orlova K, Kaczmarek L, Knapska E. Epileptiform GluN2B–driven excitation in hippocampus as a therapeutic target against temporal lobe epilepsy. Exp Neurol 2022; 354:114087. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Dogra S, Conn PJ. Metabotropic glutamate receptors as emerging targets for the treatment of schizophrenia. Mol Pharmacol 2022; 101:275-285. [PMID: 35246479 PMCID: PMC9092465 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.121.000460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence of glutamatergic abnormalities in the brains of schizophrenia patients has led to efforts to target various components of glutamatergic signaling as potential new approaches for schizophrenia. Exciting research suggests that metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors could provide a fundamentally new approach for better symptomatic relief in schizophrenia patients. In preclinical studies, the mGlu5 receptor positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) have efficacy in animal models relevant for all symptom domains in schizophrenia. Interestingly, biased pure mGlu5 receptor PAMs that do not potentiate coupling of mGlu5 receptors to NMDA receptors lack neurotoxic effects associated with mGlu5 PAMs that enhance coupling to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors or have allosteric agonist activity (ago-PAMs). This provides a better therapeutic profile for treating schizophrenia-like symptoms. Additionally, the mGlu1 receptor PAMs modulate dopamine release in the striatum, which may contribute to their antipsychotic-like effects. Besides group I mGlu (mGlu1 and mGlu5) receptors, agonists of mGlu2/3 receptor also induce robust antipsychotic-like and pro-cognitive effects in rodents and may be effective in treating symptoms of schizophrenia in a selective group of patients. Additionally, mGlu2/4 receptor heterodimers modulate glutamatergic neurotransmission in the prefrontal cortex at selective synapses activated in schizophrenia and, therefore, hold potential as novel antipsychotics. Excitingly, the mGlu3 receptor activation can enhance cognition in rodents suggesting that mGlu3 receptor agonist/PAM could provide a novel approach for the treatment of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Collectively, the development of mGlu receptor-specific ligands may provide an alternative approach to meet the clinical need for safer and efficacious therapeutics for schizophrenia. Significance Statement The currently available antipsychotic medications do not show significant efficacy for treating negative symptoms and cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Emerging preclinical and clinical literature suggests that pharmacological targeting of metabotropic glutamate receptors could potentially provide an alternative approach for designing safer and efficacious therapeutics for treating schizophrenia.
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23
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Sphingolipid control of cognitive functions in health and disease. Prog Lipid Res 2022; 86:101162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Ozkan A, Aslan MA, Sinen O, Munzuroglu M, Derin N, Parlak H, Bulbul M, Agar A. Effects of adropin on learning and memory in rats tested in the Morris water maze. Hippocampus 2021; 32:253-263. [PMID: 34971006 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Adropin is a secreted peptide, which is composed of 43 amino acids and shows an effective role in regulating energy metabolism and insulin resistance. Motor coordination and locomotor activity were improved by adropin in the cerebellum. However, it is not known whether adropin administration has an effect on spatial learning and memory. In this study, we investigated the effect of adropin on spatial learning and memory and characterized the biochemical properties of adropin in the hippocampus. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups as control and adropin groups. The control group received 0.9% NaCl intracerebroventricular for 6 days, while the adropin groups received 1 nmol of adropin dissolved in 0.9% NaCl (for 6 days). The Morris water maze, Y maze, and object location recognition tests were performed to evaluate learning and memory. Also, the locomotor activity tests were measured to assess the motor function. The expression of Akt, phospho-Akt, CREB, phospho-CREB, Erk1/2, phospho-Erk1/2, glycogen synthase kinase 3 β (GSK3β), phospho-GSK3β, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor NR2B subunit were determined in the hippocampal tissues by using western blot. Behavior tests showed that adropin significantly increase spatial memory performance. Meanwhile, the western blot analyses revealed that the phosphorylated form of the Akt and CREB were enhanced with adropin administration in the hippocampus. Also, the expression of BDNF showed an enhancement in adropin group in comparison to the control group. In conclusion, we have shown for the first time that adropin exerts its enhancing effect on spatial memory capacity through Akt/CREB/BDNF signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Ozkan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mutay Aydin Aslan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Osman Sinen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Munzuroglu
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Narin Derin
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Hande Parlak
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Bulbul
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Aysel Agar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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Marquardt K, Josey M, Kenton JA, Cavanagh JF, Holmes A, Brigman JL. Impaired cognitive flexibility following NMDAR-GluN2B deletion is associated with altered orbitofrontal-striatal function. Neuroscience 2021; 475:230-245. [PMID: 34656223 PMCID: PMC8592269 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A common feature across neuropsychiatric disorders is inability to discontinue an action or thought once it has become detrimental. Reversal learning, a hallmark of executive control, requires plasticity within cortical, striatal and limbic circuits and is highly sensitive to disruption of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) function. In particular, selective deletion or antagonism of GluN2B containing NMDARs in cortical regions including the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), promotes maladaptive perseveration. It remains unknown whether GluN2B functions to maintain local cortical activity necessary for reversal learning, or if it exerts a broader influence on the integration of neural activity across cortical and subcortical systems. To address this question, we utilized in vivo electrophysiology to record neuronal activity and local field potentials (LFP) in the orbitofrontal cortex and dorsal striatum (dS) of mice with deletion of GluN2B in neocortical and hippocampal principal cells while they performed touchscreen reversal learning. Reversal impairment produced by corticohippocampal GluN2B deletion was paralleled by an aberrant increase in functional connectivity between the OFC and dS. These alterations in coordination were associated with alterations in local OFC and dS firing activity. These data demonstrate highly dynamic patterns of cortical and striatal activity concomitant with reversal learning, and reveal GluN2B as a molecular mechanism underpinning the timing of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Marquardt
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Megan Josey
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Johnny A Kenton
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - Andrew Holmes
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan L Brigman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA; New Mexico Alcohol Research Center, UNM Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
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Peyvandi Karizbodagh M, Sadr-Nabavi A, Hami J, Mohammadipour A, Khoshdel-Sarkarizi H, Kheradmand H, Fallahnezhad S, Mahmoudi M, Haghir H. Developmental regulation and lateralization of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the rat hippocampus. Neuropeptides 2021; 89:102183. [PMID: 34333368 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2021.102183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are expressed abundantly in the brain and play a crucial role in the regulation of central nervous system (CNS) development, learning, and memory. During early neuronal development, NMDARs modulate neurogenesis, neuronal differentiation and migration, and synaptogenesis. The present study aimed to examine the developmental expression of NMDARs subunits, NR1 and NR2B, in the developing hippocampus of neonatal rats during the first two postnatal weeks. Fifty-four male offspring were randomly divided into three age groups, postnatal days (P) 0, 7, and 14. Real-time-PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses were employed to examine and compare the hippocampal expression of the NMDA receptor subunits. The highest mRNA expression of NR1 and NR2B subunits was observed at P7, regardless of its laterality. The mRNA expression of both subunits in the right hippocampus was significantly higher than that of the left one at P0 and P7. Similarly, the highest protein level expression of NR1 and NR2B subunits was also observed at P7 in both sides hippocampi. Although the protein expression of NR1 was significantly higher on the right side in all studied days, the NR2B was significantly higher in the right hippocampus only at P7. The analysis of optical density (OD) has shown a marked increase in the distribution pattern of the NR1 and NR2B subunits at P7 in all hippocampal subregions. In conclusion, there is a marked right-left asymmetry in the expression of NR1 and NR2B subunits in the developing rat hippocampus, which might be considered as a probable mechanism for the lateral differences in the structure and function of the hippocampus in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Peyvandi Karizbodagh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ariane Sadr-Nabavi
- Medical Genetic Research Center (MGRC), School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Javad Hami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Universitäsmedizin Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Abbas Mohammadipour
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hoda Khoshdel-Sarkarizi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamed Kheradmand
- Hazrat Rasoul Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somaye Fallahnezhad
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Mahmoudi
- Immunology Research Center, School of Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Haghir
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Medical Genetic Research Center (MGRC), School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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27
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Bahry JA, Fedder-Semmes KN, Sceniak MP, Sabo SL. An Autism-Associated de novo Mutation in GluN2B Destabilizes Growing Dendrites by Promoting Retraction and Pruning. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:692232. [PMID: 34393725 PMCID: PMC8363002 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.692232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in GRIN2B, which encodes the GluN2B subunit of NMDA receptors, lead to autism spectrum disorders (ASD), but the pathophysiological mechanisms remain unclear. Recently, we showed that a GluN2B variant that is associated with severe ASD (GluN2B724t) impairs dendrite morphogenesis. To determine which aspects of dendrite growth are affected by GluN2B724t, we investigated the dynamics of dendrite growth and branching in rat neocortical neurons using time-lapse imaging. GluN2B724t expression shifted branch motility toward retraction and away from extension. GluN2B724t and wild-type neurons formed new branches at similar rates, but mutant neurons exhibited increased pruning of dendritic branches. The observed changes in dynamics resulted in nearly complete elimination of the net expansion of arbor size and complexity that is normally observed during this developmental period. These data demonstrate that ASD-associated mutant GluN2B interferes with dendrite morphogenesis by reducing rates of outgrowth while promoting retraction and subsequent pruning. Because mutant dendrites remain motile and capable of growth, it is possible that reducing pruning or promoting dendrite stabilization could overcome dendrite arbor defects associated with GRIN2B mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Bahry
- Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States.,Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States
| | - Karlie N Fedder-Semmes
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Michael P Sceniak
- Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States
| | - Shasta L Sabo
- Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States.,Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States.,Neuroscience Program, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States
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28
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Booker SA, Sumera A, Kind PC, Wyllie DJA. Contribution of NMDA Receptors to Synaptic Function in Rat Hippocampal Interneurons. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0552-20.2021. [PMID: 34326063 PMCID: PMC8362681 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0552-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of neurons to produce behaviorally relevant activity in the absence of pathology relies on the fine balance of synaptic inhibition to excitation. In the hippocampal CA1 microcircuit, this balance is maintained by a diverse population of inhibitory interneurons that receive largely similar glutamatergic afferents as their target pyramidal cells, with EPSCs generated by both AMPA receptors (AMPARs) and NMDA receptors (NMDARs). In this study, we take advantage of a recently generated GluN2A-null rat model to assess the contribution of GluN2A subunits to glutamatergic synaptic currents in three subclasses of interneuron found in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. For both parvalbumin-positive and somatostatin-positive interneurons, the GluN2A subunit is expressed at glutamatergic synapses and contributes to the EPSC. In contrast, in cholecystokinin (CCK)-positive interneurons, the contribution of GluN2A to the EPSC is negligible. Furthermore, synaptic potentiation at glutamatergic synapses on CCK-positive interneurons does not require the activation of GluN2A-containing NMDARs but does rely on the activation of NMDARs containing GluN2B and GluN2D subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam A. Booker
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, United Kingdom
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, United Kingdom
- Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Sumera
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, United Kingdom
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, United Kingdom
- Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, United Kingdom
| | - Peter C. Kind
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, United Kingdom
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, United Kingdom
- Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, United Kingdom
- Centre for Brain Development and Repair, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - David J. A. Wyllie
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, United Kingdom
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, United Kingdom
- Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, United Kingdom
- Centre for Brain Development and Repair, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore 560065, India
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29
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Back MK, Ruggieri S, Jacobi E, von Engelhardt J. Amyloid Beta-Mediated Changes in Synaptic Function and Spine Number of Neocortical Neurons Depend on NMDA Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126298. [PMID: 34208315 PMCID: PMC8231237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology differs between brain regions. The neocortex, for example, is a brain region that is affected very early during AD. NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are involved in mediating amyloid beta (Aβ) toxicity. NMDAR expression, on the other hand, can be affected by Aβ. We tested whether the high vulnerability of neocortical neurons for Aβ-toxicity may result from specific NMDAR expression profiles or from a particular regulation of NMDAR expression by Aβ. Electrophysiological analyses suggested that pyramidal cells of 6-months-old wildtype mice express mostly GluN1/GluN2A NMDARs. While synaptic NMDAR-mediated currents are unaltered in 5xFAD mice, extrasynaptic NMDARs seem to contain GluN1/GluN2A and GluN1/GluN2A/GluN2B. We used conditional GluN1 and GluN2B knockout mice to investigate whether NMDARs contribute to Aβ-toxicity. Spine number was decreased in pyramidal cells of 5xFAD mice and increased in neurons with 3-week virus-mediated Aβ-overexpression. NMDARs were required for both Aβ-mediated changes in spine number and functional synapses. Thus, our study gives novel insights into the Aβ-mediated regulation of NMDAR expression and the role of NMDARs in Aβ pathophysiology in the somatosensory cortex.
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30
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Kilonzo K, van der Veen B, Teutsch J, Schulz S, Kapanaiah SKT, Liss B, Kätzel D. Delayed-matching-to-position working memory in mice relies on NMDA-receptors in prefrontal pyramidal cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8788. [PMID: 33888809 PMCID: PMC8062680 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88200-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A hypofunction of N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptors (NMDARs) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia by clinical and rodent studies. However, to what extent NMDAR-hypofunction in distinct cell-types across the brain causes different symptoms of this disease is largely unknown. One pharmaco-resistant core symptom of schizophrenia is impaired working memory (WM). NMDARs have been suggested to mediate sustained firing in excitatory neurons of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) that might underlie WM storage. However, if NMDAR-hypofunction in prefrontal excitatory neurons may indeed entail WM impairments is unknown. We here investigated this question in mice, in which NMDARs were genetically-ablated in PFC excitatory cells. This cell type-selective NMDAR-hypofunction caused a specific deficit in a delayed-matching-to-position (DMTP) 5-choice-based operant WM task. In contrast, T-maze rewarded alternation and several psychological functions including attention, spatial short-term habituation, novelty-processing, motivation, sociability, impulsivity, and hedonic valuation remained unimpaired at the level of GluN1-hypofunction caused by our manipulation. Our data suggest that a hypofunction of NMDARs in prefrontal excitatory neurons may indeed cause WM impairments, but are possibly not accounting for most other deficits in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasyoka Kilonzo
- Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Bastiaan van der Veen
- Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jasper Teutsch
- Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Stefanie Schulz
- Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sampath K T Kapanaiah
- Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Birgit Liss
- Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Linacre College and New College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dennis Kätzel
- Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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Wang C, Shu Y, Xu L, Liu Q, Zhang B, Zhang H. Maternal exposure to low doses of bisphenol A affects learning and memory in male rat offspring with abnormal N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors in the hippocampus. Toxicol Ind Health 2021; 37:303-313. [PMID: 33881370 DOI: 10.1177/0748233720984624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), a component of polycarbonate and epoxy resins, has been reported to induce learning and memory deficits. However, the mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Growing evidence has suggested that N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are involved in cognitive impairments. In this study, BPA was administered to female Sprague-Dawley rats (six per dose group) at concentrations of 0 (control), 4, 40, and 400 μg/kg·body weight/day from gestation day 1 through lactation day 21. Spatial learning was evaluated using the Morris water maze on postnatal day 22. Expression levels of NMDARs were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. The results showed that male offspring exposed to BPA exhibited increased latency in reaching the platform and reduced time in the target quadrant, and the number of crossing the platform was less, as compared with the control group. The mRNA and protein expression levels of NMDARs in the hippocampus were significantly downregulated when compared with the control group of male offspring. The data showed that maternal exposure to BPA at low dosage can cause cognitive deficits in male rat offspring, probably due to a decrease in NMDARs in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wang
- Medical Experiment Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yao Shu
- College of Health Public, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Xu
- Medical Experiment Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiling Liu
- College of Health Public, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- College of Health Public, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Medical Experiment Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
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Lunardelli ML, Crupi R, Siracusa R, Cocuzza G, Cordaro M, Martini E, Impellizzeri D, Di Paola R, Cuzzocrea S. Co-ultraPEALut: Role in Preclinical and Clinical Delirium Manifestations. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 18:530-554. [PMID: 31244434 DOI: 10.2174/1871527318666190617162041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delirium is a disorder in awareness, attention and cognition. Pathophysiologically it is a response to stress. Postoperative delirium (POD) is a usual complication in aged patients following hip fracture surgery. Neuroinflammation is an important factor linked with the progress of POD. Though there are no efficient cures for delirium the endocannabinoid system may have a role in neuropsychiatric disorders. OBJECTIVE Therefore, we examined the effects of co-ultramicronized PEALut (co-ultraPEALut) in the LPS murine model of delirium and in elderly hip fractured patients. METHODS In the preclinical study, mice were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with Escherichia coli LPS (10 mg/kg). Co-ultraPEALut (1 mg/kg o.s.) was administered 1h before LPS injection or 1h and 6h after LPS injection or 1h before LPS injection and 1h and 6h after LPS. In the clinical study, the effects of Glialia® (co-ultramicronized 700 mg PEA + 70 mg luteolin) administration was evaluated in elderly hip fractured patients with an interventional, randomized, single-blind, monocentric study. RESULTS Administration of co-ultraPEALut to LPS-challenged mice ameliorated cognitive dysfunctions and locomotor activity; moreover, it reduced inflammation and apoptosis, while stimulating antioxidant response and limiting the loss of neurotrophins. In the clinical study, the results obtained demonstrated that administration of Glialia® to these surgical patients prevented the onset of POD and attenuated symptom intensity and their duration. CONCLUSION Therefore, the results obtained enhanced the idea that co-ultraPEALut may be a potential treatment to control cognitive impairment and the inflammatory and oxidative processes associated with delirium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lia Lunardelli
- Geriatric Unit - Orthogeriatric Ward, Universitary Sant'Orsola Policlinic Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giorgio Cocuzza
- Geriatric Unit - Orthogeriatric Ward, Universitary Sant'Orsola Policlinic Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Emilio Martini
- Geriatric Unit - Orthogeriatric Ward, Universitary Sant'Orsola Policlinic Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
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Liu X, Zhou Y, Li S, Yang D, Jiao M, Liu X, Wang Z. Type 3 adenylyl cyclase in the main olfactory epithelium participates in depression-like and anxiety-like behaviours. J Affect Disord 2020; 268:28-38. [PMID: 32158004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficiency of olfaction is thought to be associated with depression, and type 3 adenylyl cyclase (AC3) genetic knockout and forebrain knockout mice show depression-like behaviours. AC3 is expressed in the main olfactory epithelium (MOE) and hippocampus, which plays an important role in olfactory signal transduction. However, it is unclear whether AC3 in the MOE also plays a role in the pathogenesis of depression. Thus, we aimed to study the relationship between AC3 in the MOE and the pathogenesis of depression. METHODS We obtained anosmic mice by intranasal perfusion of zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) (ZnSO4 mice), and distinctively knocked down AC3 in the MOE (AC3KD/MOE mice) by CRISPR/cas9 technology. Behavioural tests related to depression and anxiety were employed to evaluate the depression- and anxiety-like behaviours of mice. The mRNA and protein expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine receptors (Drds), and N-Methyl D-aspartate receptor subunit 2B (GluN2B) in the hippocampus of mice were investigated by qPCR and western blotting to explore the mechanism of depression and anxiety caused by AC3 in the MOE, preliminarily. RESULTS Compared with NaCl mice, ZnSO4 mice exhibited depression-like behaviours in tail suspension tests (TST), forced swimming tests, and social (FST) interaction tests (SIT), but showed no anxiety-like behaviours in anxiety-related behavioural tests. The mRNA and protein expressions of Drd3 and GluN2B in the hippocampus of ZnSO4 mice were significantly downregulated. Compared with the negative control mice (NC mice), AC3KD / MOE mice showed depression-like behaviours in TST, FST, and SIT tests, anxiety-like behaviours in light/dark transition test, elevated-plus maze test, and novelty-suppressed feeding test. The protein expressions of Drd3, TH, and GluN2B were significantly downregulated in the hippocampus. LIMITATIONS We did not further demonstrate that AC3 in the MOE causes depression through the dopaminergic nervous system with dopamine or dopamine receptor agonists. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that intranasal infusion of ZnSO4 can cause depression-like behaviours and has no effect on anxiety-like behaviours. Specific knockdown of AC3 in the MOE can cause depression-like and anxiety-like behaviours. The behavioural changes caused by intranasal ZnSO4 and specific knockdown of AC3 in the MOE can be related to the significant downregulation of dopaminergic system and GluN2B expressions in the hippocampus of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxia Liu
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China; Medical College, Hebei University, 071000 Baoding, China
| | - Yanfen Zhou
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Shujuan Li
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Dong Yang
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Mingming Jiao
- Medical College, Hebei University, 071000 Baoding, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Medical College, Hebei University, 071000 Baoding, China
| | - Zhenshan Wang
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
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Shin W, Kim K, Serraz B, Cho YS, Kim D, Kang M, Lee EJ, Lee H, Bae YC, Paoletti P, Kim E. Early correction of synaptic long-term depression improves abnormal anxiety-like behavior in adult GluN2B-C456Y-mutant mice. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000717. [PMID: 32353004 PMCID: PMC7217483 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive evidence links Glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDA2B (GRIN2B), encoding the GluN2B/NR2B subunit of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), with various neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In addition, it remains unknown whether mutations in GluN2B, which starts to be expressed early in development, induces early pathophysiology that can be corrected by early treatments for long-lasting effects. We generated and characterized Grin2b-mutant mice that carry a heterozygous, ASD-risk C456Y mutation (Grin2b+/C456Y). In Grin2b+/C456Y mice, GluN2B protein levels were strongly reduced in association with decreased hippocampal NMDAR currents and NMDAR-dependent long-term depression (LTD) but unaltered long-term potentiation, indicative of mutation-induced protein degradation and LTD sensitivity. Behaviorally, Grin2b+/C456Y mice showed normal social interaction but exhibited abnormal anxiolytic-like behavior. Importantly, early, but not late, treatment of young Grin2b+/C456Y mice with the NMDAR agonist D-cycloserine rescued NMDAR currents and LTD in juvenile mice and improved anxiolytic-like behavior in adult mice. Therefore, GluN2B-C456Y haploinsufficiency decreases GluN2B protein levels, NMDAR-dependent LTD, and anxiety-like behavior, and early activation of NMDAR function has long-lasting effects on adult mouse behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangyong Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kyungdeok Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Benjamin Serraz
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Yi Sul Cho
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Doyoun Kim
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Muwon Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Eun-Jae Lee
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyejin Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yong Chul Bae
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Pierre Paoletti
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Eunjoon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Raith H, Schuelert N, Duveau V, Roucard C, Plano A, Dorner-Ciossek C, Ferger B. Differential effects of traxoprodil and S-ketamine on quantitative EEG and auditory event-related potentials as translational biomarkers in preclinical trials in rats and mice. Neuropharmacology 2020; 171:108072. [PMID: 32243874 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative Electroencephalography (qEEG) and event-related potential (ERP) assessment have emerged as powerful tools to unravel translational biomarkers in preclinical and clinical psychiatric drug discovery trials. The aim of the present study was to compare the GluN2B negative allosteric modulator (NAM) traxoprodil (CP-101,606) with the unselective NMDA receptor channel blocker S-ketamine to give insight into central target engagement and differentiation on multiple EEG readouts. For qEEG recordings telemetric transmitters were implanted in male Wistar rats. Recorded EEG data were analyzed using fast Fourier transformation to determine power spectra and vigilance states. Additionally, body temperature and locomotor activity were assessed via telemetry. For recordings of auditory event-related potentials (AERP) male C57Bl/6J mice were chronically implanted with deep electrodes using a tethered system. Power spectral analysis revealed a significant increase in gamma power following ketamine treatment, whereas traxoprodil (6&18 mg/kg) induced an overall decrease primarily within alpha and beta bands. Additionally, ketamine disrupted sleep and enhanced time spent in wake vigilance states, whereas traxoprodil did not alter sleep-wake architecture. AERP and mismatch negativity (MMN) revealed that ketamine (10 mg/kg) selectively disrupts auditory deviance detection, whereas traxoprodil (6 mg/kg) did not alter MMN at clinically relevant doses. In contrast to ketamine treatment, traxoprodil did not produce hyperactivity and hypothermia. In conclusion, ketamine and traxoprodil showed very different effects on diverse EEG readouts differentiating selective GluN2B antagonism from non-selective pan-NMDA-R antagonists like ketamine. These readouts are thus perfectly suited to support drug discovery efforts on NMDA-R and understanding the different functions of NMDA-R subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrike Raith
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, CNS Diseases Research Germany, Birkendorferstr. 65, 88397, Biberach an der Riß, Germany.
| | - Niklas Schuelert
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, CNS Diseases Research Germany, Birkendorferstr. 65, 88397, Biberach an der Riß, Germany.
| | - Venceslas Duveau
- SynapCell SAS, Biopolis and Institut Jean Roget, Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1, Domaine de la merci, 38700, La Tronche, France.
| | - Corinne Roucard
- SynapCell SAS, Biopolis and Institut Jean Roget, Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1, Domaine de la merci, 38700, La Tronche, France.
| | - Andrea Plano
- Plano Consulting, Georg-Schinbain-Str. 70, 88400, Biberach an der Riß, Germany.
| | - Cornelia Dorner-Ciossek
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, CNS Diseases Research Germany, Birkendorferstr. 65, 88397, Biberach an der Riß, Germany.
| | - Boris Ferger
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, CNS Diseases Research Germany, Birkendorferstr. 65, 88397, Biberach an der Riß, Germany.
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Chan K, Nestor J, Huerta TS, Certain N, Moody G, Kowal C, Huerta PT, Volpe BT, Diamond B, Wollmuth LP. Lupus autoantibodies act as positive allosteric modulators at GluN2A-containing NMDA receptors and impair spatial memory. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1403. [PMID: 32179753 PMCID: PMC7075964 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15224-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) experience various peripheral and central nervous system manifestations including spatial memory impairment. A subset of autoantibodies (DNRAbs) cross-react with the GluN2A and GluN2B subunits of the NMDA receptor (NMDAR). We find that these DNRAbs act as positive allosteric modulators on NMDARs with GluN2A-containing NMDARs, even those containing a single GluN2A subunit, exhibiting a much greater sensitivity to DNRAbs than those with exclusively GluN2B. Accordingly, GluN2A-specific antagonists provide greater protection from DNRAb-mediated neuronal cell death than GluN2B antagonists. Using transgenic mice to perturb expression of either GluN2A or GluN2B in vivo, we find that DNRAb-mediated disruption of spatial memory characterized by early neuronal cell death and subsequent microglia-dependent pathologies requires GluN2A-containing NMDARs. Our results indicate that GluN2A-specific antagonists or negative allosteric modulators are strong candidates to treat SLE patients with nervous system dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Chan
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5230, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5230, USA
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5230, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Nestor
- Donald & Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA
- Center for Autoimmune, Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Tomás S Huerta
- Donald & Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA
| | - Noele Certain
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5230, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5230, USA
| | - Gabrielle Moody
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5230, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5230, USA
| | - Czeslawa Kowal
- Center for Autoimmune, Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Patricio T Huerta
- Donald & Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA
- Center for Autoimmune, Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Bruce T Volpe
- Center for Biomedical Science, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Betty Diamond
- Center for Autoimmune, Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
| | - Lonnie P Wollmuth
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5230, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5230, USA.
- Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5230, USA.
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Yan J, Liu A, Fan H, Qiao L, Wu J, Shen M, Lai X, Huang J. Simvastatin Improves Behavioral Disorders and Hippocampal Inflammatory Reaction by NMDA-Mediated Anti-inflammatory Function in MPTP-Treated Mice. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 40:1155-1164. [PMID: 32016638 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00804-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The cognitive function impairment may be related to the inflammation of the hippocampus in Parkinson's disease. Simvastatin can play a positive role in Parkinson's disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether simvastatin could improve behavioral disorders, especially depression, anxiety and cognitive function in mouse PD models, and further explore the molecular mechanism. In the present study, C57BL-6 mice underwent intraperitoneal injection of MPTP (30 mg/kg) once a day for 5 consecutive days. At the same time, simvastatin (10 mg/kg) was pretreated for 2 days before the Parkinson's disease model was established, and then continued for 5 days, and the control group underwent intraperitoneal injection of MK801 (dizocilpine, 0.2 mg/kg) and saline solution. Depression status was tested by a tail suspension test and a sucrose splash test, followed by an open-field test and an elevated plus maze test to determine anxiety levels. Spatial behavior and muscle status were measured with a water maze and a rotarod test. The expression of RNA and protein of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subtype 2B (NMDAR2B), nerve growth factor IB (Nur77), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α were assayed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Our results showed that simvastatin can improve the cognitive function, anxiety, and depression of PD mice with MPTP injury. Simvastatin reversed the NMDAR2B increase, restored Nur77 downward, and reduced the expression of COX-2 and TNF-α in MPTP-treated mice. This role of simvastatin was consistent with MK801 in increasing the expression of Nur77 and inhibiting NMDAR2B and cytokines in MPTP-lesioned PD mice. These findings suggest that reversed the NMDAR2B increase, restored Nur77 downward, and reduced the expression of COX-2 and TNF-α in MPTP-treated mice may be one of the mechanisms that simvastatin improves cognitive functions, depression, and anxiety in MPTP-lesioned mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqiang Yan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Neurological Diseases Institute, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Jinghua Road 24, Luoyang, 471003, Henan, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Anran Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Neurological Diseases Institute, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Jinghua Road 24, Luoyang, 471003, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Qiao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiannan Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Neurological Diseases Institute, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Jinghua Road 24, Luoyang, 471003, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Shen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyi Lai
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiarui Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, People's Republic of China
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Möhrle D, Fernández M, Peñagarikano O, Frick A, Allman B, Schmid S. What we can learn from a genetic rodent model about autism. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 109:29-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Ieraci A, Herrera DG. Early Postnatal Ethanol Exposure in Mice Induces Sex-Dependent Memory Impairment and Reduction of Hippocampal NMDA-R2B Expression in Adulthood. Neuroscience 2019; 427:105-115. [PMID: 31874240 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Drinking alcohol during pregnancy is particularly detrimental for the developing brain and may cause a broad spectrum of cognitive and behavioral impairments, collectively known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). While behavioral abnormalities and brain damage have been widely investigated in animal models of FASD, the sex differences in the vulnerability to perinatal ethanol exposure have received less consideration. Here we investigated the long-term behavioral and molecular effects of acute ethanol-binge like exposure during the early postnatal period (equivalent to the third trimester of human pregnancy) in adult male and female mice. CD1 mice received a single ethanol exposure on P7 and were analyzed starting from P60. We found that ethanol-exposed mice showed increased activity in the open field test and in the plus-maze test, regardless of the sex. Interestingly, only ethanol-exposed adult male mice exhibited memory impairment in the water maze and fear-conditioning tests. Remarkably, hippocampal levels of NMDA-R2B were reduced only in ethanol-exposed male, while total BDNF levels were increased in both male and female ethanol-exposed mice. Our data suggest a different susceptibility of early postnatal ethanol exposure in male and female CD1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Ieraci
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Daniel G Herrera
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
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40
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Gromova KV, Muhia M, Rothammer N, Gee CE, Thies E, Schaefer I, Kress S, Kilimann MW, Shevchuk O, Oertner TG, Kneussel M. Neurobeachin and the Kinesin KIF21B Are Critical for Endocytic Recycling of NMDA Receptors and Regulate Social Behavior. Cell Rep 2019; 23:2705-2717. [PMID: 29847800 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.04.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are associated with mutations affecting synaptic components, including GluN2B-NMDA receptors (NMDARs) and neurobeachin (NBEA). NBEA participates in biosynthetic pathways to regulate synapse receptor targeting, synaptic function, cognition, and social behavior. However, the role of NBEA-mediated transport in specific trafficking routes is unclear. Here, we highlight an additional function for NBEA in the local delivery and surface re-insertion of synaptic receptors in mouse neurons. NBEA dynamically interacts with Rab4-positive recycling endosomes, transiently enters spines in an activity-dependent manner, and regulates GluN2B-NMDAR recycling. Furthermore, we show that the microtubule growth inhibitor kinesin KIF21B constrains NBEA dynamics and is present in the NBEA-recycling endosome-NMDAR complex. Notably, Kif21b knockout decreases NMDAR surface expression and alters social behavior in mice, consistent with reported social deficits in Nbea mutants. The influence of NBEA-KIF21B interactions on GluN2B-NMDAR local recycling may be relevant to mechanisms underlying ASD etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira V Gromova
- Department of Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mary Muhia
- Department of Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicola Rothammer
- Department of Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christine E Gee
- Department of Synaptic Physiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Edda Thies
- Department of Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Irina Schaefer
- Department of Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Kress
- Department of Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manfred W Kilimann
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max-Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Olga Shevchuk
- Cellular Proteomics Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Analytical Sciences, ISAS, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Thomas G Oertner
- Department of Synaptic Physiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kneussel
- Department of Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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Speidell A, Asuni GP, Avdoshina V, Scognamiglio S, Forcelli P, Mocchetti I. Reversal of Cognitive Impairment in gp120 Transgenic Mice by the Removal of the p75 Neurotrophin Receptor. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:398. [PMID: 31543761 PMCID: PMC6730486 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR), by the proneurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (proBDNF), triggers loss of synapses and promotes neuronal death. These pathological features are also caused by the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) envelope protein gp120, which increases the levels of proBDNF. To establish whether p75NTR plays a role in gp120-mediated neurite pruning, we exposed primary cultures of cortical neurons from p75NTR–/– mice to gp120. We found that the lack of p75NTR expression significantly reduced gp120-mediated neuronal cell death. To determine whether knocking down p75NTR is neuroprotective in vivo, we intercrossed gp120 transgenic (tg) mice with p75NTR heterozygous mice to obtain gp120tg mice lacking one or two p75NTR alleles. The removal of p75NTR alleles inhibited gp120-mediated decrease of excitatory synapses in the hippocampus, as measured by the levels of PSD95 and subunits of the N-methyl-D-Aspartate receptor in synaptosomes. Moreover, the deletion of only one copy of the p75NTR gene was sufficient to restore the cognitive impairment observed in gp120tg mice. Our data suggest that activation of p75NTR is one of the mechanisms crucial for the neurotoxic effect of gp120. These data indicate that p75NTR antagonists could provide an adjunct therapy against synaptic simplification caused by HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Speidell
- Laboratory of Preclinical Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Gino Paolo Asuni
- Laboratory of Preclinical Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Valeria Avdoshina
- Laboratory of Preclinical Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Serena Scognamiglio
- Laboratory of Preclinical Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Patrick Forcelli
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Italo Mocchetti
- Laboratory of Preclinical Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
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Amidfar M, Woelfer M, Réus GZ, Quevedo J, Walter M, Kim YK. The role of NMDA receptor in neurobiology and treatment of major depressive disorder: Evidence from translational research. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 94:109668. [PMID: 31207274 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence demonstrating that dysfunction of glutamatergic neurotransmission, particularly via N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, is involved in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Several studies have revealed an altered expression of NMDA receptor subtypes and impaired NMDA receptor-mediated intracellular signaling pathways in brain circuits of patients with MDD. Clinical studies have demonstrated that NMDA receptor antagonists, particularly ketamine, have rapid antidepressant effects in treatment-resistant depression, however, neurobiological mechanisms are not completely understood. Growing body of evidence suggest that signal transduction pathways involved in synaptic plasticity play critical role in molecular mechanisms underlying rapidly acting antidepressant properties of ketamine and other NMDAR antagonists in MDD. Discovering the molecular mechanisms underlying the unique antidepressant actions of ketamine will facilitate the development of novel fast acting antidepressants which lack undesirable effects of ketamine. This review provides a critical examination of the NMDA receptor involvement in the neurobiology of MDD including analyses of alterations in NMDA receptor subtypes and their interactive signaling cascades revealed by postmortem studies. Furthermore, to elucidate mechanisms underlying rapid-acting antidepressant properties of NMDA receptor antagonists we discussed their effects on the neuroplasticity, mostly based on signaling systems involved in synaptic plasticity of mood-related neurocircuitries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie Woelfer
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, University Magdeburg, Germany; New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Gislaine Z Réus
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - João Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Martin Walter
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, University Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Yong-Ku Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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Early TLR4 inhibition reduces hippocampal injury at puberty in a rat model of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage via regulation of neuroimmunity and synaptic plasticity. Exp Neurol 2019; 321:113039. [PMID: 31442443 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) survivors present with long-term neurological disorders affecting their quality of life, and there remains a lack of effective treatment. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is widely distributed in nerve cells and its inhibition has a neuroprotective effect against brain injury. The present study aimed to evaluate the long-term neuroprotective effects of early inhibition of TLR4 during HIBD. Seven-day-old rat pups were subjected to left carotid artery ligation followed by 2 h of hypoxia (8.0% O2). A single dose of TAK-242 (0.5 mg/kg), a TLR4-specific antagonist, was intraperitoneally injected half an hour prior to hypoxic ischemia (HI). The long-term effects of TAK-242 inhibition on the induced hippocampal injury were investigated by assessing behaviour at P28, and then using a variety of methods to exploring the mechanism, including immunofluorescence, Golgi silver staining, Western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). TAK-242 treatment significantly reduced the expression levels of TLR4 and its downstream signalling molecules in the ipsilateral lesion of the hippocampus 24 h after HIBD. The Morris water maze (MWM) test demonstrated that TAK-242 treatment reduced the loss of HI-induced learning and memory functions. Immunofluorescence experiments showed that TAK-242 administration attenuated HI-induced loss of neurons, prevented the activation of microglia and astrocytes, and increased the expression of the glutamate receptor subtype, N-methyl d-aspartate 2A (NR2A) in the ipsilateral hippocampus region. Golgi silver staining revealed that TAK-242 prevented an HI-induced decline in spine density in the ipsilateral hippocampus. Western blot and RT-PCR results indicated that the expression of NR2A protein and mRNA in the ipsilateral hippocampi of adolescent rats decreased after neonatal HIBD; early TAK-242 administration may reverse these effects. In conclusion, our findings indicate that early inhibition of TLR4 signalling may improve the long-term prognosis of neonatal HIBD. The mechanisms contributing to this improvement involve reductions in neuronal loss, a decrease in glial cell activation, and an improvement in synaptic plasticity.
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Lee G, Zhou Y. NMDAR Hypofunction Animal Models of Schizophrenia. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:185. [PMID: 31417356 PMCID: PMC6685005 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) hypofunction hypothesis has been proposed to help understand the etiology and pathophysiology of schizophrenia. This hypothesis was based on early observations that NMDAR antagonists could induce a full range of symptoms of schizophrenia in normal human subjects. Accumulating evidence in humans and animal studies points to NMDAR hypofunctionality as a convergence point for various symptoms of schizophrenia. Here we review animal models of NMDAR hypofunction generated by pharmacological and genetic approaches, and how they relate to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. In addition, we discuss the limitations of animal models of NMDAR hypofunction and their potential utility for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States
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Marquardt K, Josey M, Kenton JA, Cavanagh JF, Holmes A, Brigman JL. Impaired cognitive flexibility following NMDAR-GluN2B deletion is associated with altered orbitofrontal-striatal function. Neuroscience 2019; 404:338-352. [PMID: 30742964 PMCID: PMC6455963 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A common feature across neuropsychiatric disorders is inability to discontinue an action or thought once it has become detrimental. Reversal learning, a hallmark of executive control, requires plasticity within cortical, striatal and limbic circuits and is highly sensitive to disruption of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) function. In particular, selective deletion or antagonism of GluN2B containing NMDARs in cortical regions including the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), promotes maladaptive perseveration. It remains unknown whether GluN2B functions to maintain local cortical activity necessary for reversal learning, or if it exerts a broader influence on the integration of neural activity across cortical and subcortical systems. To address this question, we utilized in vivo electrophysiology to record neuronal activity and local field potentials (LFP) in the orbitofrontal cortex and dorsal striatum (dS) of mice with deletion of GluN2B in neocortical and hippocampal principal cells while they performed touchscreen reversal learning. Reversal impairment produced by corticohippocampal GluN2B deletion was paralleled by an aberrant increase in functional connectivity between the OFC and dS. These alterations in coordination were associated with alterations in local OFC and dS firing activity. These data demonstrate highly dynamic patterns of cortical and striatal activity concomitant with reversal learning, and reveal GluN2B as a molecular mechanism underpinning the timing of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Marquardt
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New, Mexico, School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Megan Josey
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New, Mexico, School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Johnny A Kenton
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New, Mexico, School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM
| | | | - Andrew Holmes
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan L Brigman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New, Mexico, School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM; New, Mexico, Alcohol Research Center, UNM Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM.
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Hersman S, Hoffman AN, Hodgins L, Shieh S, Lam J, Parikh A, Fanselow MS. Cholinergic Signaling Alters Stress-Induced Sensitization of Hippocampal Contextual Learning. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:251. [PMID: 30941011 PMCID: PMC6433822 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has a profound contextual component, and has been demonstrated to alter future contextual learning. However, the mechanism by which a single traumatic event affects subsequent contextual experiences has not been isolated. Acetylcholine (ACh) is an important modulator of hippocampus-dependent learning such as contextual memory strength. Using Stress-Enhanced Fear Learning (SEFL), which models aspects of PTSD in rats, we tested whether muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) in dorsal hippocampus (DH) are required during trauma for the effect of trauma on subsequent contextual fear learning. We infused scopolamine or vehicle into DH immediately before stress, and tested fear in both the trauma context and a novel context after a mild stressor. The results show that during learning, ACh acting on mAChR within the DH is required for sensitization of future contextual fear learning. However, this effect is selective for contextual learning, as this blockade leaves discrete cue sensitization intact. Rather than simply sensitizing the BLA, as previous studies have suggested, SEFL requires cholinergic signaling in DH for contextual sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hersman
- Departments of Psychology, Neurobiology, Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, and Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ann N Hoffman
- Departments of Psychology, Neurobiology, Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, and Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Liliann Hodgins
- Departments of Psychology, Neurobiology, Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, and Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Shannon Shieh
- Departments of Psychology, Neurobiology, Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, and Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jamie Lam
- Departments of Psychology, Neurobiology, Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, and Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ashen Parikh
- Departments of Psychology, Neurobiology, Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, and Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Michael S Fanselow
- Departments of Psychology, Neurobiology, Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, and Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Xiong CH, Liu MG, Zhao LX, Chen MW, Tang L, Yan YH, Chen HZ, Qiu Y. M1 muscarinic receptors facilitate hippocampus-dependent cognitive flexibility via modulating GluA2 subunit of AMPA receptors. Neuropharmacology 2019; 146:242-251. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Chronic histamine 3 receptor antagonism alleviates depression like conditions in mice via modulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and hypothalamus-pituitary adrenal axis. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 101:128-137. [PMID: 30458370 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The last two decades of research has established histamine (HA) as a neurotransmitter. Since H3R antagonists are known to modulate several neurotransmitters besides HA, H3R antagonists have shown potential for the treatment of different central nervous system disorders, including depression. However, molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of H3R antagonism in depression are not clear, yet. In the present study, we investigated the antidepressant potential of ciproxifan, a selective H3R antagonist, in chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) model of depression in C57BL/6 J mice. We observed that chronic treatment of CUS mice with ciproxifan (3 mg/kg i.p.; for three weeks) alleviates depression-like symptoms such as helplessness measured by forced swim and tail suspension test (FST and TST), anhedonia measured by sucrose preference test (SPT) and social deficit measured in social behavior test. Chronic ciproxifan treatment restored CUS induced BDNF expression in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus. We also observed that ciproxifan modulates CUS induced NUCB2/nesfatin-1 and CRH expression in the hypothalamus and plasma corticosterone. We also determined the direct effect of HA on BDNF expression in neurons by western blotting and immunocytochemistry, and found that HA significantly induced BDNF expression, which was blocked by the H4R selective antagonist, but not by other HA receptor selective antagonists. Furthermore, ciproxifan significantly modulated NMDA glutamate receptor subunits NR2B and NR2A. Thus, these results suggest that increased HA signaling in the brain produces antidepressant-like effects in mice and modulates BDNF expression and HPA-axis.
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Malaguarnera M, Llansola M, Balzano T, Gómez-Giménez B, Antúnez-Muñoz C, Martínez-Alarcón N, Mahdinia R, Felipo V. Bicuculline Reduces Neuroinflammation in Hippocampus and Improves Spatial Learning and Anxiety in Hyperammonemic Rats. Role of Glutamate Receptors. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:132. [PMID: 30858801 PMCID: PMC6397886 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with liver cirrhosis may develop minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) with mild cognitive impairment. Hyperammonemia is a main contributor to cognitive impairment in MHE, which is mediated by neuroinflammation. GABAergic neurotransmission is altered in hyperammonemic rats. We hypothesized that, in hyperammonemic rats, (a) enhanced GABAergic tone would contribute to induce neuroinflammation, which would be improved by reducing GABAergic tone by chronic bicuculline treatment; (b) this would improve spatial learning and memory impairment; and (c) modulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission would mediate this cognitive improvement. The aim of this work was to assess the above hypotheses. Bicuculline was administrated intraperitoneally once a day for 4 weeks to control and hyperammonemic rats. The effects of bicuculline on microglia and astrocyte activation, IL-1β content, on membrane expression of AMPA and NMDA glutamate receptors subunits in the hippocampus and on spatial learning and memory as well as anxiety were assessed. Treatment with bicuculline reduces astrocyte activation and IL-1β but not microglia activation in the hippocampus of hyperammonemic rats. Bicuculline reverses the changes in membrane expression of AMPA receptor subunits GluA1 and GluA2 and of the NR2B (but not NR1 and NR2A) subunit of NMDA receptors. Bicuculline improves spatial learning and working memory and decreases anxiety in hyperammonemic rats. In hyperammonemia, enhanced activation of GABAA receptors in the hippocampus contributes to some but not all aspects of neuroinflammation, to altered glutamatergic neurotransmission and to impairment of spatial learning and memory as well as anxiety, all of which are reversed by reducing activation of GABAA receptors with bicuculline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Malaguarnera
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Llansola
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Tiziano Balzano
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Belén Gómez-Giménez
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carles Antúnez-Muñoz
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Núria Martínez-Alarcón
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rahebeh Mahdinia
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Faculty of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Vicente Felipo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Influence of pharmacological and epigenetic factors to suppress neurotrophic factors and enhance neural plasticity in stress and mood disorders. Cogn Neurodyn 2019; 13:219-237. [PMID: 31168328 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-019-09522-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress-induced major depression and mood disorders are characterized by behavioural abnormalities and psychiatric illness, leading to disability and immature mortality worldwide. Neurobiological mechanisms of stress and mood disorders are discussed considering recent findings, and challenges to enhance pharmacological effects of antidepressant, and mood stabilizers. Pharmacological enhancement of ketamine and scopolamine regulates depression at the molecular level, increasing synaptic plasticity in prefrontal regions. Blood-derived neurotrophic factors facilitate mood-deficit symptoms. Epigenetic factors maintain stress-resilience in hippocampal region. Regulation of neurotrophic factors blockades stress, and enhances neuronal survival though it paralyzes limbic regions. Molecular agents and neurotrophic factors also control behavioral and synaptic plasticity in addiction and stress disorders. Future research on neuronal dynamics and cellular actions can be directed to obtain the etiology of synaptic dysregulation in mood disorder and stress. For the first time, the current review contributes to the literature of synaptic plasticity representing the role of epigenetic mechanisms and glucocorticoid receptors to predict depression and anxiety in clinical conditions.
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