1
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Papuc SM, Glangher A, Erbescu A, Arsene OT, Arghir A, Budisteanu M. A rare cause of epileptic encephalopathy: case report of a novel patient with PEHO-like phenotype and CCDC88A gene pathogenic variants. Ital J Pediatr 2024; 50:193. [PMID: 39334473 PMCID: PMC11437638 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-024-01766-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Coiled-Coil Domain-Containing Protein 88 A (CCDC88A) gene encodes the actin-binding protein Girdin, which plays important roles in maintaining the actin cytoskeleton and in cell migration and was recently associated with a specific form of epileptic encephalopathy. Biallelic protein-truncating variants of CCDC88A have been considered responsible for progressive encephalopathy with edema, hypsarrhythmia, and optic atrophy (PEHO)-like syndrome. To date, only three consanguineous families with loss-of-function homozygous variants in the CCDC88A gene have been reported. The described patients share many clinical features, such as microcephaly, neonatal hypotonia, seizures, profound developmental delay, face and limb edema, and dysmorphic features, with a similar appearance of the eyes, nose, mouth, and fingers. CASE PRESENTATION We report on a child from a nonconsanguineous family who presented with profound global developmental delay, severe epilepsy, and brain malformations, including subcortical band heterotopia. The patient harbored two heterozygous pathogenic variants in the trans configuration in the CCDC88A gene, which affected the coiled-coil and C-terminal domains. CONCLUSIONS We detail the clinical and cerebral imaging data of our patient in the context of previously reported patients with disease-causing variants in the CCDC88A gene, emphasizing the common phenotypes, including cortical malformations, that warrant screening for sequence variants in this gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorina-Mihaela Papuc
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, 050096, Romania
| | - Adelina Glangher
- Psychiatry Research Laboratory, Prof. Dr. Alex. Obregia Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, Bucharest, 041914, Romania
| | - Alina Erbescu
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, 050096, Romania
| | - Oana Tarta Arsene
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Prof. Dr. Alex. Obregia Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, Bucharest, 041914, Romania
| | - Aurora Arghir
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, 050096, Romania.
| | - Magdalena Budisteanu
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, 050096, Romania
- Psychiatry Research Laboratory, Prof. Dr. Alex. Obregia Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, Bucharest, 041914, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Titu Maiorescu University, Bucharest, 031593, Romania
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2
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Aygün N, Vuong C, Krupa O, Mory J, Le BD, Valone JM, Liang D, Shafie B, Zhang P, Salinda A, Wen C, Gandal MJ, Love MI, de la Torre-Ubieta L, Stein JL. Genetics of cell-type-specific post-transcriptional gene regulation during human neurogenesis. Am J Hum Genet 2024; 111:1877-1898. [PMID: 39168119 PMCID: PMC11393701 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2024.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The function of some genetic variants associated with brain-relevant traits has been explained through colocalization with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) conducted in bulk postmortem adult brain tissue. However, many brain-trait associated loci have unknown cellular or molecular function. These genetic variants may exert context-specific function on different molecular phenotypes including post-transcriptional changes. Here, we identified genetic regulation of RNA editing and alternative polyadenylation (APA) within a cell-type-specific population of human neural progenitors and neurons. More RNA editing and isoforms utilizing longer polyadenylation sequences were observed in neurons, likely due to higher expression of genes encoding the proteins mediating these post-transcriptional events. We also detected hundreds of cell-type-specific editing quantitative trait loci (edQTLs) and alternative polyadenylation QTLs (apaQTLs). We found colocalizations of a neuron edQTL in CCDC88A with educational attainment and a progenitor apaQTL in EP300 with schizophrenia, suggesting that genetically mediated post-transcriptional regulation during brain development leads to differences in brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nil Aygün
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Celine Vuong
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Oleh Krupa
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jessica Mory
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Brandon D Le
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jordan M Valone
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Dan Liang
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Beck Shafie
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Pan Zhang
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Angelo Salinda
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Cindy Wen
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michael J Gandal
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael I Love
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Luis de la Torre-Ubieta
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jason L Stein
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Barón-Mendoza I, Mejía-Hernández M, Hernández-Mercado K, Guzmán-Condado J, Zepeda A, González-Arenas A. Altered hippocampal neurogenesis in a mouse model of autism revealed by genetic polymorphisms and by atypical development of newborn neurons. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4608. [PMID: 38409172 PMCID: PMC10897317 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53614-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often exhibit atypical hippocampal anatomy and connectivity throughout their lifespan, potentially linked to alterations in the neurogenic process within the hippocampus. In this study, we performed an in-silico analysis to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes relevant to adult neurogenesis in the C58/J model of idiopathic autism. We found coding non-synonymous (Cn) SNPs in 33 genes involved in the adult neurogenic process, as well as in 142 genes associated with the signature genetic profile of neural stem cells (NSC) and neural progenitors. Based on the potential alterations in adult neurogenesis predicted by the in-silico analysis, we evaluated the number and distribution of newborn neurons in the dentate gyrus (DG) of young adult C58/J mice. We found a reduced number of newborn cells in the whole DG, a higher proportion of early neuroblasts in the subgranular layer (SGZ), and a lower proportion of neuroblasts with morphological maturation signs in the granule cell layer (GCL) of the DG compared to C57BL/6J mice. The observed changes may be associated with a delay in the maturation trajectory of newborn neurons in the C58/J strain, linked to the Cn SNPs in genes involved in adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Barón-Mendoza
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, México
| | - Montserrat Mejía-Hernández
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, México
| | - Karina Hernández-Mercado
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, México
| | - Jessica Guzmán-Condado
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, México
| | - Angélica Zepeda
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, México.
| | - Aliesha González-Arenas
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, México.
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4
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Qu Y, Lim JJY, An O, Yang H, Toh YC, Chua JJE. FEZ1 participates in human embryonic brain development by modulating neuronal progenitor subpopulation specification and migrations. iScience 2023; 26:108497. [PMID: 38213789 PMCID: PMC10783620 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the human fasciculation and elongation protein zeta 1 (FEZ1) gene are found in schizophrenia and Jacobsen syndrome patients. Here, using human cerebral organoids (hCOs), we show that FEZ1 expression is turned on early during brain development and is detectable in both neuroprogenitor subtypes and immature neurons. FEZ1 deletion disrupts expression of neuronal and synaptic development genes. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we detected abnormal expansion of homeodomain-only protein homeobox (HOPX)- outer radial glia (oRG), concurrent with a reduction of HOPX+ oRG, in FEZ1-null hCOs. HOPX- oRGs show higher cell mobility as compared to HOPX+ oRGs. Ectopic localization of neuroprogenitors to the outer layer is seen in FEZ1-null hCOs. Anomalous encroachment of TBR2+ intermediate progenitors into CTIP2+ deep layer neurons further indicated abnormalities in cortical layer formation these hCOs. Collectively, our findings highlight the involvement of FEZ1 in early cortical brain development and how it contributes to neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Qu
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Jonathan Jun-Yong Lim
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- LSI Neurobiology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Omer An
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Henry Yang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Yi-Chin Toh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - John Jia En Chua
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- LSI Neurobiology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, A∗STAR, Singapore 138473, Singapore
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5
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Watanabe M, Khu TM, Warren G, Shin J, Stewart CE, Roche J. Evidence of DISC1 as an arsenic binding protein and implications regarding its role as a translational activator. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1308693. [PMID: 38192336 PMCID: PMC10773898 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1308693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Disrupted-in-schizophrenia-1 (DISC1) is a scaffolding protein that plays a pivotal role in orchestrating signaling pathways involved in neurodevelopment, neural migration, and synaptogenesis. Among those, it has recently been reported that the role of DISC1 in the Akt/mTOR pathway can shift from a global translational repressor to a translational activator in response to oxidative stress induced by arsenic. In this study we provide evidence that DISC1 can directly bind arsenic via a C-terminal cysteine motif (C-X-C-X-C). A series of fluorescence-based binding assays were conducted with a truncated C-terminal domain construct of DISC1 and a series of single, double, and triple cysteine mutants. We found that arsenous acid, a trivalent arsenic derivative, specifically binds to the C-terminal cysteine motif of DISC1 with low micromolar affinity. All three cysteines of the motif are required for high-affinity binding. Electron microscopy experiments combined with in silico structural predictions reveal that the C-terminal of DISC1 forms an elongated tetrameric complex. The cysteine motif is consistently predicted to be located within a loop, fully exposed to solvent, providing a simple molecular framework to explain the high-affinity of DISC1 toward arsenous acid. This study sheds light on a novel functional facet of DISC1 as an arsenic binding protein and highlights its potential role as both a sensor and translational modulator within Akt/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneaki Watanabe
- Roy J Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, China
| | - Tung Mei Khu
- Roy J Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, China
| | - Grant Warren
- Roy J Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, China
| | - Juyoung Shin
- Roy J Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, China
| | - Charles E. Stewart
- Macromolecular X-ray Crystallography Facility, Office of Biotechnology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Julien Roche
- Roy J Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, China
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He B, Wang Y, Li H, Huang Y. The role of integrin beta in schizophrenia: a preliminary exploration. CNS Spectr 2023; 28:561-570. [PMID: 36274632 DOI: 10.1017/s1092852922001080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are transmembrane heterodimeric (αβ) receptors that transduce mechanical signals between the extracellular milieu and the cell in a bidirectional manner. Extensive research has shown that the integrin beta (β) family is widely expressed in the brain and that they control various aspects of brain development and function. Schizophrenia is a relatively common neurological disorder of unknown etiology and has been found to be closely related to neurodevelopment and neurochemicals in neuropathological studies of schizophrenia. Here, we review literature from recent years that shows that schizophrenia involves multiple signaling pathways related to neuronal migration, axon guidance, cell adhesion, and actin cytoskeleton dynamics, and that dysregulation of these processes affects the normal function of neurons and synapses. In fact, alterations in integrin β structure, expression and signaling for neural circuits, cortex, and synapses are likely to be associated with schizophrenia. We explored several aspects of the possible association between integrin β and schizophrenia in an attempt to demonstrate the role of integrin β in schizophrenia, which may help to provide new insights into the study of the pathogenesis and treatment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binshan He
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Ya'an People's Hospital, Ya'an, China
| | - Huang Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuanshuai Huang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Aygün N, Krupa O, Mory J, Le B, Valone J, Liang D, Love MI, Stein JL. Genetics of cell-type-specific post-transcriptional gene regulation during human neurogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.30.555019. [PMID: 37693528 PMCID: PMC10491258 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.30.555019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The function of some genetic variants associated with brain-relevant traits has been explained through colocalization with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) conducted in bulk post-mortem adult brain tissue. However, many brain-trait associated loci have unknown cellular or molecular function. These genetic variants may exert context-specific function on different molecular phenotypes including post-transcriptional changes. Here, we identified genetic regulation of RNA-editing and alternative polyadenylation (APA), within a cell-type-specific population of human neural progenitors and neurons. More RNA-editing and isoforms utilizing longer polyadenylation sequences were observed in neurons, likely due to higher expression of genes encoding the proteins mediating these post-transcriptional events. We also detected hundreds of cell-type-specific editing quantitative trait loci (edQTLs) and alternative polyadenylation QTLs (apaQTLs). We found colocalizations of a neuron edQTL in CCDC88A with educational attainment and a progenitor apaQTL in EP300 with schizophrenia, suggesting genetically mediated post-transcriptional regulation during brain development lead to differences in brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nil Aygün
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- UNC Neuroscience Center University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Oleh Krupa
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- UNC Neuroscience Center University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jessica Mory
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- UNC Neuroscience Center University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Brandon Le
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- UNC Neuroscience Center University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jordan Valone
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- UNC Neuroscience Center University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Dan Liang
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- UNC Neuroscience Center University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Michael I. Love
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jason L. Stein
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- UNC Neuroscience Center University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lead contact
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Samardžija B, Juković M, Zaharija B, Renner É, Palkovits M, Bradshaw NJ. Co-Aggregation and Parallel Aggregation of Specific Proteins in Major Mental Illness. Cells 2023; 12:1848. [PMID: 37508512 PMCID: PMC10378145 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disrupted proteostasis is an emerging area of research into major depressive disorder. Several proteins have been implicated as forming aggregates specifically in the brains of subsets of patients with psychiatric illnesses. These proteins include CRMP1, DISC1, NPAS3 and TRIOBP-1. It is unclear, however, whether these proteins normally aggregate together in the same individuals and, if so, whether each protein aggregates independently of each other ("parallel aggregation") or if the proteins physically interact and aggregate together ("co-aggregation"). MATERIALS AND METHODS Post mortem insular cortex samples from major depressive disorder and Alzheimer's disease patients, suicide victims and control individuals had their insoluble fractions isolated and tested by Western blotting to determine which of these proteins are insoluble and, therefore, likely to be aggregating. The ability of the proteins to co-aggregate (directly interact and form common aggregate structures) was tested by systematic pairwise expression of the proteins in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, which were then examined by immunofluorescent microscopy. RESULTS Many individuals displayed multiple insoluble proteins in the brain, although not enough to imply interaction between the proteins. Cell culture analysis revealed that only a few of the proteins analyzed can consistently co-aggregate with each other: DISC1 with each of CRMP1 and TRIOBP-1. DISC1 was able to induce aggregation of full length TRIOBP-1, but not individual domains of TRIOBP-1 when they were expressed individually. CONCLUSIONS While specific proteins are capable of co-aggregating, and appear to do so in the brains of individuals with mental illness and potentially also with suicidal tendency, it is more common for such proteins to aggregate in a parallel manner, through independent mechanisms. This information aids in understanding the distribution of protein aggregates among mental illness patients and is therefore important for any future diagnostic or therapeutic approaches based on this aspect of mental illness pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobana Samardžija
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Maja Juković
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Beti Zaharija
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Éva Renner
- Human Brain Tissue Bank & Laboratory, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Palkovits
- Human Brain Tissue Bank & Laboratory, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
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Watanabe M, Khu TM, Warren G, Shin J, Stewart CE, Roche J. Evidence of Disrupted-in Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) as an arsenic binding protein and implications regarding its role as a translational activator. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.14.544995. [PMID: 37398111 PMCID: PMC10312692 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.14.544995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Disrupted-in-schizophrenia-1 (DISC1) is a scaffold protein that plays a pivotal role in orchestrating signaling pathways involved in neurodevelopment, neural migration, and synaptogenesis. Among those, it has recently been reported that the role DISC1 in the Akt/mTOR pathway can shift from a global translational repressor to a translational activator in response to oxidative stress induced by arsenic. In this study we are providing evidence that DISC1 can directly bind arsenic via a C-terminal cysteine motif (C-X-C-X-C). A series of fluorescence-based binding assays were conducted with a truncated C-terminal domain construct of DISC1 and a of series of single, double, and triple cysteine mutants. We found that arsenous acid, a trivalent arsenic derivative, specifically binds to the C-terminal cysteine motif of DISC1 with low micromolar affinity. All three cysteines of the motif are required for high-affinity binding. Electron microscopy experiments combined with in silico structural predictions revealed that that the C-terminal of DISC1 forms an elongated tetrameric complex. The cysteine motif is consistently predicted to be located within a loop, fully exposed to solvent, providing a simple molecular framework to explain the high-affinity of DISC1 toward arsenous acid. This study sheds light on a novel functional facet of DISC1 as an arsenic binding protein and highlights its potential role as both a sensor and translational modulator within the Akt/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneaki Watanabe
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Tung Mei Khu
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Grant Warren
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Juyoung Shin
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Charles E Stewart
- Macromolecular X-ray Crystallography Facility, Office of Biotechnology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Julien Roche
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
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10
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Bonea M, Coroama CI, Popp RA, Miclutia IV. The association between the CCDC88A gene polymorphism at rs1437396 and alcohol use disorder, with or without major depression disorder. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2023; 74:127-133. [PMID: 37357876 PMCID: PMC10291494 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2023-74-3690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Girdin is a protein involved in neuronal migration and hippocampal development. It is encoded by the coiled-coil domain-containing 88A (CCDC88A) gene, located on the short arm of chromosome 2 (2p). The CCDC88A gene is modulated by the intergenic single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the rs1437396, situated 9.5 kb downstream from its transcription stop site. As recent genome-wide research has associated the T allele of the SNP with increased risk of alcohol use disorder (AUD), we wanted to validate this finding in an independent cohort and to test further for an association with comorbid major depressive disorder (MDD). The study included 226 AUD patients (AUD group), 53 patients with comorbid MDD, and 391 controls selected randomly. The participants were genotyped for the rs1437396 polymorphism using the real-time polymerase chain reaction. The association between the rs1437396 polymorphism and increased risk of AUD and AUD+MDD was tested with logistic regression. Our results show significantly higher frequency of the T risk allele in the AUD group (p=0.027) and even higher in the AUD+MDD group (p=0.016). In conclusion, this is the first study that has validated the association between the rs1437396 polymorphism of the CCDC88A gene and AUD with or without MDD. Studies on larger samples of patients are needed to further investigate the mechanism of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bonea
- Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Neurosciences – Psychiatry, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Radu Anghel Popp
- Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Medical Genetics, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Valentina Miclutia
- Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Neurosciences – Psychiatry, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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11
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Dysregulated Signaling at Postsynaptic Density: A Systematic Review and Translational Appraisal for the Pathophysiology, Clinics, and Antipsychotics' Treatment of Schizophrenia. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040574. [PMID: 36831241 PMCID: PMC9954794 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence from genomics, post-mortem, and preclinical studies point to a potential dysregulation of molecular signaling at postsynaptic density (PSD) in schizophrenia pathophysiology. The PSD that identifies the archetypal asymmetric synapse is a structure of approximately 300 nm in diameter, localized behind the neuronal membrane in the glutamatergic synapse, and constituted by more than 1000 proteins, including receptors, adaptors, kinases, and scaffold proteins. Furthermore, using FASS (fluorescence-activated synaptosome sorting) techniques, glutamatergic synaptosomes were isolated at around 70 nm, where the receptors anchored to the PSD proteins can diffuse laterally along the PSD and were stabilized by scaffold proteins in nanodomains of 50-80 nm at a distance of 20-40 nm creating "nanocolumns" within the synaptic button. In this context, PSD was envisioned as a multimodal hub integrating multiple signaling-related intracellular functions. Dysfunctions of glutamate signaling have been postulated in schizophrenia, starting from the glutamate receptor's interaction with scaffolding proteins involved in the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). Despite the emerging role of PSD proteins in behavioral disorders, there is currently no systematic review that integrates preclinical and clinical findings addressing dysregulated PSD signaling and translational implications for antipsychotic treatment in the aberrant postsynaptic function context. Here we reviewed a critical appraisal of the role of dysregulated PSD proteins signaling in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, discussing how antipsychotics may affect PSD structures and synaptic plasticity in brain regions relevant to psychosis.
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12
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Regulation of sensorimotor gating via Disc1/Huntingtin-mediated Bdnf transport in the cortico-striatal circuit. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1805-1815. [PMID: 35165396 PMCID: PMC9272458 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01389-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sensorimotor information processing underlies normal cognitive and behavioral traits and has classically been evaluated through prepulse inhibition (PPI) of a startle reflex. PPI is a behavioral dimension deregulated in several neurological and psychiatric disorders, yet the mechanisms underlying the cross-diagnostic nature of PPI deficits across these conditions remain to be understood. To identify circuitry mechanisms for PPI, we performed circuitry recording over the prefrontal cortex and striatum, two brain regions previously implicated in PPI, using wild-type (WT) mice compared to Disc1-locus-impairment (LI) mice, a model representing neuropsychiatric conditions. We demonstrated that the corticostriatal projection regulates neurophysiological responses during the PPI testing in WT, whereas these circuitry responses were disrupted in Disc1-LI mice. Because our biochemical analyses revealed attenuated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) transport along the corticostriatal circuit in Disc1-LI mice, we investigated the potential role of Bdnf in this circuitry for regulation of PPI. Virus-mediated delivery of Bdnf into the striatum rescued PPI deficits in Disc1-LI mice. Pharmacologically augmenting Bdnf transport by chronic lithium administration, partly via phosphorylation of Huntingtin (Htt) serine-421 and its integration into the motor machinery, restored striatal Bdnf levels and rescued PPI deficits in Disc1-LI mice. Furthermore, reducing the cortical Bdnf expression negated this rescuing effect of lithium, confirming the key role of Bdnf in lithium-mediated PPI rescuing. Collectively, the data suggest that striatal Bdnf supply, collaboratively regulated by Htt and Disc1 along the corticostriatal circuit, is involved in sensorimotor gating, highlighting the utility of dimensional approach in investigating pathophysiological mechanisms across neuropsychiatric disorders.
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13
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Pathological oligodendrocyte precursor cells revealed in human schizophrenic brains and trigger schizophrenia-like behaviors and synaptic defects in genetic animal model. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:5154-5166. [PMID: 36131044 PMCID: PMC9763102 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01777-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Although the link of white matter to pathophysiology of schizophrenia is documented, loss of myelin is not detected in patients at the early stages of the disease, suggesting that pathological evolution of schizophrenia may occur before significant myelin loss. Disrupted-in-schizophrenia-1 (DISC1) protein is highly expressed in oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and regulates their maturation. Recently, DISC1-Δ3, a major DISC1 variant that lacks exon 3, has been identified in schizophrenia patients, although its pathological significance remains unknown. In this study, we detected in schizophrenia patients a previously unidentified pathological phenotype of OPCs exhibiting excessive branching. We replicated this phenotype by generating a mouse strain expressing DISC1-Δ3 gene in OPCs. We further demonstrated that pathological OPCs, rather than myelin defects, drive the onset of schizophrenic phenotype by hyperactivating OPCs' Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which consequently upregulates Wnt Inhibitory Factor 1 (Wif1), leading to the aberrant synaptic formation and neuronal activity. Suppressing Wif1 in OPCs rescues synaptic loss and behavioral disorders in DISC1-Δ3 mice. Our findings reveal the pathogenetic role of OPC-specific DISC1-Δ3 variant in the onset of schizophrenia and highlight the therapeutic potential of Wif1 as an alternative target for the treatment of this disease.
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14
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Riera-Tur I, Schäfer T, Hornburg D, Mishra A, da Silva Padilha M, Fernández-Mosquera L, Feigenbutz D, Auer P, Mann M, Baumeister W, Klein R, Meissner F, Raimundo N, Fernández-Busnadiego R, Dudanova I. Amyloid-like aggregating proteins cause lysosomal defects in neurons via gain-of-function toxicity. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 5:5/3/e202101185. [PMID: 34933920 PMCID: PMC8711852 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Using cryo-ET, cell biology, and proteomics, this study shows that aggregating proteins impair the autophagy-lysosomal pathway in neurons by sequestering a subunit of the AP-3 adaptor complex. The autophagy-lysosomal pathway is impaired in many neurodegenerative diseases characterized by protein aggregation, but the link between aggregation and lysosomal dysfunction remains poorly understood. Here, we combine cryo-electron tomography, proteomics, and cell biology studies to investigate the effects of protein aggregates in primary neurons. We use artificial amyloid-like β-sheet proteins (β proteins) to focus on the gain-of-function aspect of aggregation. These proteins form fibrillar aggregates and cause neurotoxicity. We show that late stages of autophagy are impaired by the aggregates, resulting in lysosomal alterations reminiscent of lysosomal storage disorders. Mechanistically, β proteins interact with and sequester AP-3 μ1, a subunit of the AP-3 adaptor complex involved in protein trafficking to lysosomal organelles. This leads to destabilization of the AP-3 complex, missorting of AP-3 cargo, and lysosomal defects. Restoring AP-3μ1 expression ameliorates neurotoxicity caused by β proteins. Altogether, our results highlight the link between protein aggregation, lysosomal impairments, and neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Riera-Tur
- Department of Molecules-Signaling-Development, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany.,Molecular Neurodegeneration Group, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Tillman Schäfer
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Daniel Hornburg
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.,Experimental Systems Immunology Group, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Archana Mishra
- Department of Molecules-Signaling-Development, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Miguel da Silva Padilha
- Department of Molecules-Signaling-Development, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany.,Molecular Neurodegeneration Group, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Lorena Fernández-Mosquera
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Dennis Feigenbutz
- Department of Molecules-Signaling-Development, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany.,Molecular Neurodegeneration Group, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Patrick Auer
- Department of Molecules-Signaling-Development, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany.,Molecular Neurodegeneration Group, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumeister
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Klein
- Department of Molecules-Signaling-Development, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Felix Meissner
- Experimental Systems Immunology Group, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.,Department of Systems Immunology and Proteomics, Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nuno Raimundo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Rubén Fernández-Busnadiego
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany .,Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Irina Dudanova
- Department of Molecules-Signaling-Development, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany .,Molecular Neurodegeneration Group, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany
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15
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Florentinus-Mefailoski A, Bowden P, Scheltens P, Killestein J, Teunissen C, Marshall JG. The plasma peptides of Alzheimer's disease. Clin Proteomics 2021; 18:17. [PMID: 34182925 PMCID: PMC8240224 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-021-09320-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A practical strategy to discover proteins specific to Alzheimer’s dementia (AD) may be to compare the plasma peptides and proteins from patients with dementia to normal controls and patients with neurological conditions like multiple sclerosis or other diseases. The aim was a proof of principle for a method to discover proteins and/or peptides of plasma that show greater observation frequency and/or precursor intensity in AD. The endogenous tryptic peptides of Alzheimer’s were compared to normals, multiple sclerosis, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, female normal, sepsis, ICU Control, heart attack, along with their institution-matched controls, and normal samples collected directly onto ice. Methods Endogenous tryptic peptides were extracted from blinded, individual AD and control EDTA plasma samples in a step gradient of acetonitrile for random and independent sampling by LC–ESI–MS/MS with a set of robust and sensitive linear quadrupole ion traps. The MS/MS spectra were fit to fully tryptic peptides within proteins identified using the X!TANDEM algorithm. Observation frequency of the identified proteins was counted using SEQUEST algorithm. The proteins with apparently increased observation frequency in AD versus AD Control were revealed graphically and subsequently tested by Chi Square analysis. The proteins specific to AD plasma by Chi Square with FDR correction were analyzed by the STRING algorithm. The average protein or peptide log10 precursor intensity was compared across disease and control treatments by ANOVA in the R statistical system. Results Peptides and/or phosphopeptides of common plasma proteins such as complement C2, C7, and C1QBP among others showed increased observation frequency by Chi Square and/or precursor intensity in AD. Cellular gene symbols with large Chi Square values (χ2 ≥ 25, p ≤ 0.001) from tryptic peptides included KIF12, DISC1, OR8B12, ZC3H12A, TNF, TBC1D8B, GALNT3, EME2, CD1B, BAG1, CPSF2, MMP15, DNAJC2, PHACTR4, OR8B3, GCK, EXOSC7, HMGA1 and NT5C3A among others. Similarly, increased frequency of tryptic phosphopeptides were observed from MOK, SMIM19, NXNL1, SLC24A2, Nbla10317, AHRR, C10orf90, MAEA, SRSF8, TBATA, TNIK, UBE2G1, PDE4C, PCGF2, KIR3DP1, TJP2, CPNE8, and NGF amongst others. STRING analysis showed an increase in cytoplasmic proteins and proteins associated with alternate splicing, exocytosis of luminal proteins, and proteins involved in the regulation of the cell cycle, mitochondrial functions or metabolism and apoptosis. Increases in mean precursor intensity of peptides from common plasma proteins such as DISC1, EXOSC5, UBE2G1, SMIM19, NXNL1, PANO, EIF4G1, KIR3DP1, MED25, MGRN1, OR8B3, MGC24039, POLR1A, SYTL4, RNF111, IREB2, ANKMY2, SGKL, SLC25A5, CHMP3 among others were associated with AD. Tryptic peptides from the highly conserved C-terminus of DISC1 within the sequence MPGGGPQGAPAAAGGGGVSHRAGSRDCLPPAACFR and ARQCGLDSR showed a higher frequency and highest intensity in AD compared to all other disease and controls. Conclusion Proteins apparently expressed in the brain that were directly related to Alzheimer’s including Nerve Growth Factor (NFG), Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase, Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1), the cell death regulator retinitis pigmentosa (NXNl1) that governs the loss of nerve cells in the retina and the cell death regulator ZC3H12A showed much higher observation frequency in AD plasma vs the matched control. There was a striking agreement between the proteins known to be mutated or dis-regulated in the brains of AD patients with the proteins observed in the plasma of AD patients from endogenous peptides including NBN, BAG1, NOX1, PDCD5, SGK3, UBE2G1, SMPD3 neuronal proteins associated with synapse function such as KSYTL4, VTI1B and brain specific proteins such as TBATA. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12014-021-09320-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelique Florentinus-Mefailoski
- Ryerson Analytical Biochemistry Laboratory (RABL), Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Science, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Bowden
- Ryerson Analytical Biochemistry Laboratory (RABL), Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Science, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center, Dept of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joep Killestein
- MS Center, Dept of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Lab and Biobank, Dept of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John G Marshall
- Ryerson Analytical Biochemistry Laboratory (RABL), Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Science, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON, Canada. .,International Biobank of Luxembourg (IBBL), Luxembourg Institute of Health (Formerly CRP Sante Luxembourg), Strassen, Luxembourg.
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16
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Chiareli RA, Carvalho GA, Marques BL, Mota LS, Oliveira-Lima OC, Gomes RM, Birbrair A, Gomez RS, Simão F, Klempin F, Leist M, Pinto MCX. The Role of Astrocytes in the Neurorepair Process. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:665795. [PMID: 34113618 PMCID: PMC8186445 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.665795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are highly specialized glial cells responsible for trophic and metabolic support of neurons. They are associated to ionic homeostasis, the regulation of cerebral blood flow and metabolism, the modulation of synaptic activity by capturing and recycle of neurotransmitters and maintenance of the blood-brain barrier. During injuries and infections, astrocytes act in cerebral defense through heterogeneous and progressive changes in their gene expression, morphology, proliferative capacity, and function, which is known as reactive astrocytes. Thus, reactive astrocytes release several signaling molecules that modulates and contributes to the defense against injuries and infection in the central nervous system. Therefore, deciphering the complex signaling pathways of reactive astrocytes after brain damage can contribute to the neuroinflammation control and reveal new molecular targets to stimulate neurorepair process. In this review, we present the current knowledge about the role of astrocytes in brain damage and repair, highlighting the cellular and molecular bases involved in synaptogenesis and neurogenesis. In addition, we present new approaches to modulate the astrocytic activity and potentiates the neurorepair process after brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lennia Soares Mota
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alexander Birbrair
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Renato Santiago Gomez
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Simão
- Research Division, Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Marcel Leist
- Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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17
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Chen C, Enomoto A, Weng L, Taki T, Shiraki Y, Mii S, Ichihara R, Kanda M, Koike M, Kodera Y, Takahashi M. Complex roles of the actin-binding protein Girdin/GIV in DNA damage-induced apoptosis of cancer cells. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:4303-4317. [PMID: 32875699 PMCID: PMC7648047 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The actin‐binding protein Girdin is a hub protein that interacts with multiple proteins to regulate motility and Akt and trimeric G protein signaling in cancer cells. Girdin expression correlates with poor outcomes in multiple human cancers. However, those findings are not universal, as they depend on study conditions. Those data suggest that multiple aspects of Girdin function and its role in tumor cell responses to anticancer therapeutics must be reconsidered. In the present study, we found that Girdin is involved in DNA damage‐induced cancer cell apoptosis. An esophageal cancer cell line that exhibited high Girdin expression showed a marked sensitivity to UV‐mediated DNA damage compared to a line with low Girdin expression. When transcriptional activation of endogenous Girdin was mediated by an engineered CRISPR/Cas9 activation system, sensitivity to DNA damage increased in both stationary and migrating HeLa cancer cells. High Girdin expression was associated with dysregulated cell cycle progression and prolonged G1 and M phases. These features were accompanied by p53 activation, which conceivably increases cancer cell vulnerability to UV exposure. These data highlight the importance of understanding complex Girdin functions that influence cancer cell sensitivity to therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Liang Weng
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Tetsuro Taki
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Shiraki
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinji Mii
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Ichihara
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mitsuro Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahide Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,International Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
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18
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Maskalenko N, Nath S, Ramakrishnan A, Anikeeva N, Sykulev Y, Poenie M. The DISC1-Girdin complex - a missing link in signaling to the T cell cytoskeleton. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs242875. [PMID: 32482796 PMCID: PMC7358132 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.242875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, using Jurkat cells, we show that DISC1 (disrupted in schizophrenia 1) and Girdin (girders of actin filament) are essential for typical actin accumulation at the immunological synapse. Furthermore, DISC1, Girdin and dynein are bound in a complex. Although this complex initially forms as a central patch at the synapse, it relocates to a peripheral ring corresponding to the peripheral supramolecular activation cluster (pSMAC). In the absence of DISC1, the classic actin ring does not form, cell spreading is blocked, and the dynein complex fails to relocate to the pSMAC. A similar effect is seen when Girdin is deleted. When cells are treated with inhibitors of actin polymerization, the dynein-NDE1 complex is lost from the synapse and the microtubule-organizing center fails to translocate, suggesting that actin and dynein might be linked. Upon stimulation of T cell receptors, DISC1 becomes associated with talin, which likely explains why the dynein complex colocalizes with the pSMAC. These results show that the DISC1-Girdin complex regulates actin accumulation, cell spreading and distribution of the dynein complex at the synapse.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Maskalenko
- Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | | | - Adarsh Ramakrishnan
- Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Nadia Anikeeva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Yuri Sykulev
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Martin Poenie
- Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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19
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Cebul ER, McLachlan IG, Heiman MG. Dendrites with specialized glial attachments develop by retrograde extension using SAX-7 and GRDN-1. Development 2020; 147:dev.180448. [PMID: 31988188 DOI: 10.1242/dev.180448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dendrites develop elaborate morphologies in concert with surrounding glia, but the molecules that coordinate dendrite and glial morphogenesis are mostly unknown. C. elegans offers a powerful model for identifying such factors. Previous work in this system examined dendrites and glia that develop within epithelia, similar to mammalian sense organs. Here, we focus on the neurons BAG and URX, which are not part of an epithelium but instead form membranous attachments to a single glial cell at the nose, reminiscent of dendrite-glia contacts in the mammalian brain. We show that these dendrites develop by retrograde extension, in which the nascent dendrite endings anchor to the presumptive nose and then extend by stretching during embryo elongation. Using forward genetic screens, we find that dendrite development requires the adhesion protein SAX-7/L1CAM and the cytoplasmic protein GRDN-1/CCDC88C to anchor dendrite endings at the nose. SAX-7 acts in neurons and glia, while GRDN-1 acts in glia to non-autonomously promote dendrite extension. Thus, this work shows how glial factors can help to shape dendrites, and identifies a novel molecular mechanism for dendrite growth by retrograde extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Cebul
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ian G McLachlan
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maxwell G Heiman
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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20
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Amrom D, Poduri A, Goldman JS, Dan B, Deconinck N, Pichon B, Nadaf J, Andermann F, Andermann E, Walsh CA, Dobyns WB. Duplication 2p16 is associated with perisylvian polymicrogyria. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:2343-2356. [PMID: 31660690 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Polymicrogyria (PMG) is a heterogeneous brain malformation that may result from prenatal vascular disruption or infection, or from numerous genetic causes that still remain difficult to identify. We identified three unrelated patients with polymicrogyria and duplications of chromosome 2p, defined the smallest region of overlap, and performed gene pathway analysis using Cytoscape. The smallest region of overlap in all three children involved 2p16.1-p16.3. All three children have bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria (BPP), intrauterine and postnatal growth deficiency, similar dysmorphic features, and poor feeding. Two of the three children had documented intellectual disability. Gene pathway analysis suggested a number of developmentally relevant genes and gene clusters that were over-represented in the critical region. We narrowed a rare locus for polymicrogyria to a region of 2p16.1-p16.3 that contains 33-34 genes, 23 of which are expressed in cerebral cortex during human fetal development. Using pathway analysis, we showed that several of the duplicated genes contribute to neurodevelopmental pathways including morphogen, cytokine, hormonal and growth factor signaling, regulation of cell cycle progression, cell morphogenesis, axonal guidance, and neuronal migration. These findings strengthen the evidence for a novel locus associated with polymicrogyria on 2p16.1-p16.3, and comprise the first step in defining the underlying genetic etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Amrom
- Neurogenetics Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Neurology, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola (HUDERF), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Annapurna Poduri
- Division of Epilepsy & Clinical Neurophysiology, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer S Goldman
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Bruno Pichon
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Javad Nadaf
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Genome Quebec Innovation Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frederick Andermann
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Epilepsy Research Group, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eva Andermann
- Neurogenetics Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Epilepsy Research Group, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christopher A Walsh
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Genetics and Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - William B Dobyns
- Department of Pediatrics (Genetics) and Neurology, University of Washington, and Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
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21
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John JP, Thirunavukkarasu P, Ishizuka K, Parekh P, Sawa A. An in-silico approach for discovery of microRNA-TF regulation of DISC1 interactome mediating neuronal migration. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2019; 5:17. [PMID: 31098296 PMCID: PMC6504871 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-019-0094-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal migration constitutes an important step in corticogenesis; dysregulation of the molecular mechanisms mediating this crucial step in neurodevelopment may result in various neuropsychiatric disorders. By curating experimental data from published literature, we identified eight functional modules involving Disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) and its interacting proteins that regulate neuronal migration. We then identified miRNAs and transcription factors (TFs) that form functional feedback loops and regulate gene expression of the DISC1 interactome. Using this curated data, we conducted in-silico modeling of the DISC1 interactome involved in neuronal migration and identified the proteins that either facilitate or inhibit neuronal migrational processes. We also studied the effect of perturbation of miRNAs and TFs in feedback loops on the DISC1 interactome. From these analyses, we discovered that STAT3, TCF3, and TAL1 (through feedback loop with miRNAs) play a critical role in the transcriptional control of DISC1 interactome thereby regulating neuronal migration. To the best of our knowledge, regulation of the DISC1 interactome mediating neuronal migration by these TFs has not been previously reported. These potentially important TFs can serve as targets for undertaking validation studies, which in turn can reveal the molecular processes that cause neuronal migration defects underlying neurodevelopmental disorders. This underscores the importance of the use of in-silico techniques in aiding the discovery of mechanistic evidence governing important molecular and cellular processes. The present work is one such step towards the discovery of regulatory factors of the DISC1 interactome that mediates neuronal migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P. John
- Multimodal Brain Image Analysis Laboratory (MBIAL), National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029 India
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029 India
| | - Priyadarshini Thirunavukkarasu
- Multimodal Brain Image Analysis Laboratory (MBIAL), National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029 India
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029 India
| | - Koko Ishizuka
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
| | - Pravesh Parekh
- Multimodal Brain Image Analysis Laboratory (MBIAL), National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029 India
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029 India
| | - Akira Sawa
- Departments of Psychiatry, Mental Health, Neuroscience, and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
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22
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Proteomic Studies Reveal Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1 as a Player in Both Neurodevelopment and Synaptic Function. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010119. [PMID: 30597994 PMCID: PMC6337115 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A balanced chromosomal translocation disrupting DISC1 (Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1) gene has been linked to psychiatric diseases, such as major depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Since the discovery of this translocation, many studies have focused on understating the role of the truncated isoform of DISC1, hypothesizing that the gain of function of this protein could be behind the neurobiology of mental conditions, but not so many studies have focused in the mechanisms impaired due to its loss of function. For that reason, we performed an analysis on the cellular proteome of primary neurons in which DISC1 was knocked down with the goal of identifying relevant pathways directly affected by DISC1 loss of function. Using an unbiased proteomic approach, we found that the expression of 31 proteins related to neurodevelopment (e.g., CRMP-2, stathmin) and synaptic function (e.g., MUNC-18, NCS-1) is altered by DISC1 in primary mouse neurons. Hence, this study reinforces the idea that DISC1 is a unifying regulator of both neurodevelopment and synaptic function, thereby providing a link between these two key anatomical and cellular circuitries.
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23
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Wang X, Enomoto A, Weng L, Mizutani Y, Abudureyimu S, Esaki N, Tsuyuki Y, Chen C, Mii S, Asai N, Haga H, Ishida S, Yokota K, Akiyama M, Takahashi M. Girdin/GIV regulates collective cancer cell migration by controlling cell adhesion and cytoskeletal organization. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:3643-3656. [PMID: 30194792 PMCID: PMC6215880 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological observations show that cancer cells frequently invade the surrounding stroma in collective groups rather than through single cell migration. Here, we studied the role of the actin-binding protein Girdin, a specific regulator of collective migration of neuroblasts in the brain, in collective cancer cell migration. We found that Girdin was essential for the collective migration of the skin cancer cell line A431 on collagen gels as well as their fibroblast-led collective invasion in an organotypic culture model. We provide evidence that Girdin binds to β-catenin that plays important roles in the Wnt signaling pathway and in E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion. Girdin-depleted cells displayed scattering and impaired E-cadherin-specific cell-cell adhesion. Importantly, Girdin depletion led to impaired cytoskeletal association of the β-catenin complex, which was accompanied by changes in the supracellular actin cytoskeletal organization of cancer cell cohorts on collagen gels. Although the underlying mechanism is unclear, this observation is consistent with the established role of the actin cytoskeletal system and cell-cell adhesion in the collective behavior of cells. Finally, we showed the correlation of the expression of Girdin with that of the components of the E-cadherin complex and the differentiation of human skin cancer. Collectively, our results suggest that Girdin is an important modulator of the collective behavior of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoze Wang
- Department of PathologyNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Department of PathologyNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Liang Weng
- Department of PathologyNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Yasuyuki Mizutani
- Department of PathologyNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Shaniya Abudureyimu
- Department of PathologyNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Nobutoshi Esaki
- Department of PathologyNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Yuta Tsuyuki
- Department of PathologyNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of PathologyNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Shinji Mii
- Department of PathologyNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Naoya Asai
- Department of PathologyNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Hisashi Haga
- Transdisciplinary Life Science CourseFaculty of Advanced Life ScienceHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Sumire Ishida
- Transdisciplinary Life Science CourseFaculty of Advanced Life ScienceHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Kenji Yokota
- Department of DermatologyNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Masashi Akiyama
- Department of DermatologyNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Masahide Takahashi
- Department of PathologyNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
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24
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Essential Role of Linx/Islr2 in the Development of the Forebrain Anterior Commissure. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7292. [PMID: 29739947 PMCID: PMC5940738 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24064-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Linx is a member of the leucine-rich repeat and immunoglobulin family of membrane proteins which has critical roles in the development of the peripheral nervous system and forebrain connectivity. A previous study showed that Linx is expressed in projection neurons in the cortex and in cells that comprise the passage to the prethalamus that form the internal capsule, indicating the involvement of Linx in axon guidance and cell-cell communication. In this study, we found that Linx-deficient mice develop severe hydrocephalus and die perinatally by unknown mechanisms. Importantly, mice heterozygous for the linx gene exhibited defects in the development of the anterior commissure in addition to hydrocephalus, indicating haploinsufficiency of the linx gene in forebrain development. In N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells and primary cultured hippocampal neurons, Linx depletion led to impaired neurite extension and an increase in cell body size. Consistent with this, but of unknown significance, we found that Linx interacts with and upregulates the activity of Rho-kinase, a modulator of many cellular processes including cytoskeletal organization. These data suggest a role for Linx in the regulation of complex forebrain connectivity, and future identification of its extracellular ligand(s) will help clarify this function.
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25
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Hosoda Y, Yoshikawa M, Miyake M, Tabara Y, Shimada N, Zhao W, Oishi A, Nakanishi H, Hata M, Akagi T, Ooto S, Nagaoka N, Fang Y, Ohno-Matsui K, Cheng CY, Saw SM, Yamada R, Matsuda F, Tsujikawa A, Yamashiro K. CCDC102B confers risk of low vision and blindness in high myopia. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1782. [PMID: 29725004 PMCID: PMC5934384 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03649-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of high myopia is increasing worldwide with myopic maculopathy, a complication of myopia, often progressing to blindness. Our two-stage genome-wide association study of myopic maculopathy identifies a susceptibility locus at rs11873439 in an intron of CCDC102B (P = 1.77 × 10−12 and Pcorr = 1.61 × 10−10). In contrast, this SNP is not significantly associated with myopia itself. The association between rs11873439 and myopic maculopathy is further confirmed in 2317 highly myopic patients (P = 2.40 × 10−6 and Pcorr = 1.72 × 10−4). CCDC102B is strongly expressed in the retinal pigment epithelium and choroids, where atrophic changes initially occur in myopic maculopathy. The development of myopic maculopathy thus likely exhibits a unique background apart from the development of myopia itself; elucidation of the roles of CCDC102B in myopic maculopathy development may thus provide insights into preventive methods for blindness in patients with high myopia. Myopic maculopathy is a complication of myopia that often progresses to blindness. Here, in a genome-wide association study, Hosoda et al. find that rs11873439 intronic to CCDC102B is associated with myopic maculopathy, but not with myopia, thus representing a risk factor independent of myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikatsu Hosoda
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 6068507, Japan.,Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 6068503, Japan
| | - Munemitsu Yoshikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 6068507, Japan.,Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 6068503, Japan
| | - Masahiro Miyake
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 6068507, Japan.,Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 6068503, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Tabara
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 6068503, Japan
| | - Noriaki Shimada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 1138510, Japan
| | - Wanting Zhao
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, 168751, Singapore
| | - Akio Oishi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 6068507, Japan
| | - Hideo Nakanishi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 6068507, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hata
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 6068507, Japan
| | - Tadamichi Akagi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 6068507, Japan
| | - Sotaro Ooto
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 6068507, Japan
| | - Natsuko Nagaoka
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 1138510, Japan
| | - Yuxin Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 1138510, Japan
| | | | - Kyoko Ohno-Matsui
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 1138510, Japan
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, 168751, Singapore.,Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 199228, Singapore
| | - Seang Mei Saw
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, 168751, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 199228, Singapore.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Ryo Yamada
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 6068503, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Matsuda
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 6068503, Japan
| | - Akitaka Tsujikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 6068507, Japan
| | - Kenji Yamashiro
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 6068507, Japan. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Otsu Red-Cross Hospital, Otsu, 5208511, Japan.
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26
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Weng L, Han YP, Enomoto A, Kitaura Y, Nagamori S, Kanai Y, Asai N, An J, Takagishi M, Asai M, Mii S, Masuko T, Shimomura Y, Takahashi M. Negative regulation of amino acid signaling by MAPK-regulated 4F2hc/Girdin complex. PLoS Biol 2018. [PMID: 29538402 PMCID: PMC5868845 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2005090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acid signaling mediated by the activation of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is fundamental to cell growth and metabolism. However, how cells negatively regulate amino acid signaling remains largely unknown. Here, we show that interaction between 4F2 heavy chain (4F2hc), a subunit of multiple amino acid transporters, and the multifunctional hub protein girders of actin filaments (Girdin) down-regulates mTORC1 activity. 4F2hc interacts with Girdin in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)- and amino acid signaling–dependent manners to translocate to the lysosome. The resultant decrease in cell surface 4F2hc leads to lowered cytoplasmic glutamine (Gln) and leucine (Leu) content, which down-regulates amino acid signaling. Consistently, Girdin depletion augments amino acid-induced mTORC1 activation and inhibits amino acid deprivation–induced autophagy. These findings uncovered the mechanism underlying negative regulation of amino acid signaling, which may play a role in tightly regulated cell growth and metabolism. The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) protein kinase is a master regulator of cell growth, which senses several extracellular signals, such as growth factors and nutrient levels, to coordinate cell metabolism. The activation of mTORC1 by amino acids requires many proteins such as Rag GTPase, GATOR, and Ragulator. However, how cells negatively regulate amino acid signaling remains largely unknown. In this study, we revealed that an endocytosis-related protein called Girdin negatively regulates amino acid–induced mTORC1 activation via the formation of a complex with 4F2 heavy chain (4F2hc), a subunit of multiple amino acid transporters. We show that Girdin/4F2h complex formation requires growth factor-induced Girdin phosphorylation and amino acid–induced 4F2hc ubiquitination. We also find that the complex promotes the internalization of 4F2hc from the plasma membrane to the lysosomes. The subsequent decrease of 4F2hc in the cell surface results in a lower cytoplasmic glutamine and leucine content, which then down-regulates amino acid–induced mTORC1 activation. These findings uncover the mechanism underlying negative regulation of mTORC1 signaling, which may play a role in tightly regulated cell growth and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Weng
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- * E-mail: (MT); (LW); (AE)
| | - Yi-Peng Han
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- * E-mail: (MT); (LW); (AE)
| | - Yasuyuki Kitaura
- Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shushi Nagamori
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Dynamics, Department of Collaborative Research, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Kanai
- Department of Bio-System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoya Asai
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jian An
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Kaifu District, Changsha, China
| | - Maki Takagishi
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masato Asai
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinji Mii
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Masuko
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Shimomura
- Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahide Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Center for Neurological Disease and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- * E-mail: (MT); (LW); (AE)
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27
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Disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) inhibits glioblastoma development by regulating mitochondria dynamics. Oncotarget 2018; 7:85963-85974. [PMID: 27852062 PMCID: PMC5349889 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma(GBM) is one of the most common and aggressive malignant primary tumors of the central nervous system and mitochondria have been proposed to participate in GBM tumorigenesis. Previous studies have identified a potential role of Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1), a multi-compartmentalized protein, in mitochondria. But whether DISC1 could regulate GBM tumorigenesis via mitochondria is still unknown. We determined the expression level of DISC1 by both bioinformatics analysis and tissue analysis, and found that DISC1 was highly expressed in GBM. Knocking down of DISC1 by shRNA in GBM cells significantly inhibited cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, down-regulation of DISC1 decreased cell migration and invasion of GBM and self renewal capacity of glioblastoma stem-like cells. Furthermore, multiple independent rings or spheres could be observed in mitochondria in GBM depleted of DISC1, while normal filamentous morphology was observed in control cells, demonstrating that DISC1 affected the mitochondrial dynamic. Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) was reported to contribute to mitochondrial dynamic regulation and influence glioma cells proliferation and invasion by RHOA/ ROCK1 pathway. Our data showed a significant decrease of Drp1 both in mRNA and protein level in GBM lack of DISC1, indicating that DISC1 maybe affect the mitochondrial dynamic by regulating Drp1. Taken together, our findings reveal that DISC1 affects glioblastoma cell development via mitochondria dynamics partly by down regulation of Drp1.
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28
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Zhang H, Yu F, Qin F, Shao Y, Chong W, Guo Z, Liu X, Fu L, Gu F, Ma Y. Combination of cytoplasmic and nuclear girdin expression is an independent prognosis factor of breast cancer. FASEB J 2017; 32:2395-2410. [PMID: 29259035 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700825rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Girdin is an actin-binding protein playing key roles in the development of various carcinomas. Although online tools have predicted nuclear localization of girdin with a high probability, convincing proof has rarely been provided until now. The purpose of this study was to discover girdin's precise subcellular distribution and the potential prognostic value corresponding to its localization. The subcellular distribution of girdin was detected in a human breast cancer cell line and in >800 samples of human breast tissue by clinical pathologic analysis. In this study, we discovered for the first time that girdin could attach to chromatin and interact with topoisomerase-IIα in nucleus. Cytoplasmic and nuclear girdin exhibited different roles in prognosis of breast cancer: cytoplasmic girdin expression was an independent prognostic factor for progression-free survival (PFS), whereas nuclear girdin expression was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (OS). More important, combination cytoplasmic and nuclear girdin was an independent prognosis factor of both OS and PFS. In conclusion, our research results strongly recommend combination analysis of cytoplasmic and nuclear girdin for a precise prognostic prediction in breast cancer.-Zhang, H., Yu, F., Qin, F., Shao, Y., Chong, W., Guo, Z., Liu, X., Fu, L., Gu, F., Ma, Y. Combination of cytoplasmic and nuclear girdin expression is an independent prognosis factor of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huikun Zhang
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Yu
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Fengxia Qin
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Shao
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Chong
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhifang Guo
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Gu
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongjie Ma
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
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29
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Specific inhibition of GPCR-independent G protein signaling by a rationally engineered protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E10319-E10328. [PMID: 29133411 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1707992114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of heterotrimeric G proteins by cytoplasmic nonreceptor proteins is an alternative to the classical mechanism via G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). A subset of nonreceptor G protein activators is characterized by a conserved sequence named the Gα-binding and activating (GBA) motif, which confers guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity in vitro and promotes G protein-dependent signaling in cells. GBA proteins have important roles in physiology and disease but remain greatly understudied. This is due, in part, to the lack of efficient tools that specifically disrupt GBA motif function in the context of the large multifunctional proteins in which they are embedded. This hindrance to the study of alternative mechanisms of G protein activation contrasts with the wealth of convenient chemical and genetic tools to manipulate GPCR-dependent activation. Here, we describe the rational design and implementation of a genetically encoded protein that specifically inhibits GBA motifs: GBA inhibitor (GBAi). GBAi was engineered by introducing modifications in Gαi that preclude coupling to every known major binding partner [GPCRs, Gβγ, effectors, guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (GDIs), GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs), or the chaperone/GEF Ric-8A], while favoring high-affinity binding to all known GBA motifs. We demonstrate that GBAi does not interfere with canonical GPCR-G protein signaling but blocks GBA-dependent signaling in cancer cells. Furthermore, by implementing GBAi in vivo, we show that GBA-dependent signaling modulates phenotypes during Xenopus laevis embryonic development. In summary, GBAi is a selective, efficient, and convenient tool to dissect the biological processes controlled by a GPCR-independent mechanism of G protein activation mediated by cytoplasmic factors.
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DISC1 Regulates Neurogenesis via Modulating Kinetochore Attachment of Ndel1/Nde1 during Mitosis. Neuron 2017; 96:1041-1054.e5. [PMID: 29103808 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mutations of DISC1 (disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1) have been associated with major psychiatric disorders. Despite the hundreds of DISC1-binding proteins reported, almost nothing is known about how DISC1 interacts with other proteins structurally to impact human brain development. Here we solved the high-resolution structure of DISC1 C-terminal tail in complex with its binding domain of Ndel1. Mechanistically, DISC1 regulates Ndel1's kinetochore attachment, but not its centrosome localization, during mitosis. Functionally, disrupting DISC1/Ndel1 complex formation prolongs mitotic length and interferes with cell-cycle progression in human cells, and it causes cell-cycle deficits of radial glial cells in the embryonic mouse cortex and human forebrain organoids. We also observed similar deficits in organoids derived from schizophrenia patient induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with a DISC1 mutation that disrupts its interaction with Ndel1. Our study uncovers a new mechanism of action for DISC1 based on its structure, and it has implications for how genetic insults may contribute to psychiatric disorders.
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Fukuda T, Yanagi S. Psychiatric behaviors associated with cytoskeletal defects in radial neuronal migration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:3533-3552. [PMID: 28516224 PMCID: PMC11107632 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2539-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Normal development of the cerebral cortex is an important process for higher brain functions, such as language, and cognitive and social functions. Psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and autism, are thought to develop owing to various dysfunctions occurring during the development of the cerebral cortex. Radial neuronal migration in the embryonic cerebral cortex is a complex process, which is achieved by strict control of cytoskeletal dynamics, and impairments in this process are suggested to cause various psychiatric disorders. Our recent findings indicate that radial neuronal migration as well as psychiatric behaviors is rescued by controlling microtubule stability during the embryonic stage. In this review, we outline the relationship between psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and autism, and radial neuronal migration in the cerebral cortex by focusing on the cytoskeleton and centrosomes. New treatment strategies for psychiatric disorders will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Fukuda
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan.
| | - Shigeru Yanagi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan.
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Terrillion CE, Abazyan B, Yang Z, Crawford J, Shevelkin AV, Jouroukhin Y, Yoo KH, Cho CH, Roychaudhuri R, Snyder SH, Jang MH, Pletnikov MV. DISC1 in Astrocytes Influences Adult Neurogenesis and Hippocampus-Dependent Behaviors in Mice. Neuropsychopharmacology 2017; 42. [PMID: 28631721 PMCID: PMC5603806 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The functional role of genetic variants in glia in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders remains poorly studied. Disrupted-In-Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1), a genetic risk factor implicated in major mental disorders, has been implicated in regulation of astrocyte functions. As both astrocytes and DISC1 influence adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus, we hypothesized that selective expression of dominant-negative C-terminus-truncated human DISC1 (mutant DISC1) in astrocytes would affect adult hippocampal neurogenesis and hippocampus-dependent behaviors. A series of behavioral tests were performed in mice with or without expression of mutant DISC1 in astrocytes during late postnatal development. In conjunction with behavioral tests, we evaluated adult neurogenesis, including neural progenitor proliferation and dendrite development of newborn neurons in the DG. The ameliorative effects of D-serine on mutant DISC1-associated behaviors and abnormal adult neurogenesis were also examined. Expression of mutant DISC1 in astrocytes decreased neural progenitor proliferation and dendrite growth of newborn neurons, and produced elevated anxiety, attenuated social behaviors, and impaired hippocampus-dependent learning and memory. Chronic treatment with D-serine ameliorated the behavioral alterations and rescued abnormal adult neurogenesis in mutant DISC1 mice. Our findings suggest that psychiatric genetic risk factors expressed in astrocytes could affect adult hippocampal neurogenesis and contribute to aspects of psychiatric disease through abnormal production of D-serine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantelle E Terrillion
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bagrat Abazyan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zhongxi Yang
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA,Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Joshua Crawford
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexey V Shevelkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yan Jouroukhin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ki Hyun Yoo
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Chang Hoon Cho
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Robin Roychaudhuri
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Solomon H Snyder
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mi-Hyeon Jang
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mikhail V Pletnikov
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, CMSC 8-121, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA, Tel: +410-502-3760, Fax: +410-614-0013, E-mail:
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Norkett R, Modi S, Kittler JT. Mitochondrial roles of the psychiatric disease risk factor DISC1. Schizophr Res 2017; 187:47-54. [PMID: 28087269 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ion transport during neuronal signalling utilizes the majority of the brain's energy supply. Mitochondria are key sites for energy provision through ATP synthesis and play other important roles including calcium buffering. Thus, tightly regulated distribution and function of these organelles throughout the intricate architecture of the neuron is essential for normal synaptic communication. Therefore, delineating mechanisms coordinating mitochondrial transport and function is essential for understanding nervous system physiology and pathology. While aberrant mitochondrial transport and dynamics have long been associated with neurodegenerative disease, they have also more recently been linked to major mental illness including schizophrenia, autism and depression. However, the underlying mechanisms have yet to be elucidated, due to an incomplete understanding of the combinations of genetic and environmental factors contributing to these conditions. Consequently, the DISC1 gene has undergone intense study since its discovery at the site of a balanced chromosomal translocation, segregating with mental illness in a Scottish pedigree. The precise molecular functions of DISC1 remain elusive. Reported functions of DISC1 include regulation of intracellular signalling pathways, neuronal migration and dendritic development. Intriguingly, a role for DISC1 in mitochondrial homeostasis and transport is fast emerging. Therefore, a major function of DISC1 in regulating mitochondrial distribution, ATP synthesis and calcium buffering may be disrupted in psychiatric disease. In this review, we discuss the links between DISC1 and mitochondria, considering both trafficking of these organelles and their function, and how, via these processes, DISC1 may contribute to the regulation of neuronal behavior in normal and psychiatric disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Norkett
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London, UK
| | - S Modi
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London, UK
| | - J T Kittler
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London, UK.
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Wu Q, Tang W, Luo Z, Li Y, Shu Y, Yue Z, Xiao B, Feng L. DISC1 Regulates the Proliferation and Migration of Mouse Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells through Pax5, Sox2, Dll1 and Neurog2. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:261. [PMID: 28900388 PMCID: PMC5581844 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) regulates neurogenesis and is a genetic risk factor for major psychiatric disorders. However, how DISC1 dysfunction affects neurogenesis and cell cycle progression at the molecular level is still unknown. Here, we investigated the role of DISC1 in regulating proliferation, migration, cell cycle progression and apoptosis in mouse neural stem/progenitor cells (MNSPCs) in vitro. Methods: MNSPCs were isolated and cultured from mouse fetal hippocampi. Retroviral vectors or siRNAs were used to manipulate DISC1 expression in MNSPCs. Proliferation, migration, cell cycle progression and apoptosis of altered MNSPCs were analyzed in cell proliferation assays (MTS), transwell system and flow cytometry. A neurogenesis specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array was used to identify genes downstream of DISC1, and functional analysis was performed through transfection of expression plasmids and siRNAs. Results: Loss of DISC1 reduced proliferation and migration of MNSPCs, while an increase in DISC1 led to increased proliferation and migration. Meanwhile, an increase in the proportion of cells in G0/G1 phase was concomitant with reduced levels of DISC1, but significant changes were not observed in the number MNSPCs undergoing apoptosis. Paired box gene 5 (Pax5), sex determining region Y-box 2 (Sox2), delta-like1 (Dll1) and Neurogenin2 (Neurog2) emerged as candidate molecules downstream of DISC1, and rescue experiments demonstrated that increased or decreased expression of either molecule regulated proliferation and migration in DISC1-altered MNSPCs. Conclusion: These results suggest that Pax5, Sox2, Dll1 and Neurog2 mediate DISC1 activity in MNSPC proliferation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical UniversityKunming, China
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, China
| | - Weiting Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, China
| | - Zhaohui Luo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcester, MA, United States
| | - Yi Shu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, China
| | - Zongwei Yue
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, China
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, CT, United States
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, China
| | - Li Feng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, China
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, CT, United States
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Kuga D, Ushida K, Mii S, Enomoto A, Asai N, Nagino M, Takahashi M, Asai M. Tyrosine Phosphorylation of an Actin-Binding Protein Girdin Specifically Marks Tuft Cells in Human and Mouse Gut. J Histochem Cytochem 2017; 65:347-366. [PMID: 28375676 DOI: 10.1369/0022155417702586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuft cells (TCs) are minor components of gastrointestinal epithelia, characterized by apical tufts and spool-shaped somas. The lack of reliable TC-markers has hindered the elucidation of its role. We developed site-specific and phosphorylation-status-specific antibodies against Girdin at tyrosine-1798 (pY1798) and found pY1798 immunostaining of mouse jejunum clearly depicted epithelial cells closely resembling TCs. This study aimed to validate pY1798 as a TC-marker. Double-fluorescence staining of intestines was performed with pY1798 and known TC-markers, for example, hematopoietic-prostaglandin-D-synthase (HPGDS), or doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1). Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated from cell counts to determine whether two markers were attracting (OR<1) or repelling (OR>1). In consequence, pY1798 signals strongly attracted those of known TC-markers. ORs for HPGDS in mouse stomach, small intestine, and colon were 0 for all, and 0.08 for DCLK1 in human small intestine. pY1798-positive cells in jejunum were distinct from other minor epithelial cells, including goblet, Paneth, and neuroendocrine cells. Thus, pY1798 was validated as a TC-marker. Interestingly, apoptosis inducers significantly increased relative TC frequencies despite the absence of proliferation at baseline. In conclusion, pY1798 is a novel TC-marker. Selective tyrosine phosphorylation and possible resistance to apoptosis inducers implied the activation of certain kinase(s) in TCs, which may become a clue to elucidate the enigmatic roles of TCs. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kuga
- Department of Pathology (DK, KU, SM, AE, NA, MT, MA), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery (DK, MN), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kaori Ushida
- Department of Pathology (DK, KU, SM, AE, NA, MT, MA), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinji Mii
- Department of Pathology (DK, KU, SM, AE, NA, MT, MA), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Department of Pathology (DK, KU, SM, AE, NA, MT, MA), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoya Asai
- Department of Pathology (DK, KU, SM, AE, NA, MT, MA), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Division of Molecular Pathology, Center for Neurological Disease and Cancer (NA, MT), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masato Nagino
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery (DK, MN), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahide Takahashi
- Department of Pathology (DK, KU, SM, AE, NA, MT, MA), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Division of Molecular Pathology, Center for Neurological Disease and Cancer (NA, MT), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masato Asai
- Department of Pathology (DK, KU, SM, AE, NA, MT, MA), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (MA), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Ghosh P, Aznar N, Swanson L, Lo IC, Lopez-Sanchez I, Ear J, Rohena C, Kalogriopoulos N, Joosen L, Dunkel Y, Sun N, Nguyen P, Bhandari D. Biochemical, Biophysical and Cellular Techniques to Study the Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor, GIV/Girdin. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN CHEMICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 8:265-298. [PMID: 27925669 PMCID: PMC5154557 DOI: 10.1002/cpch.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Canonical signal transduction via heterotrimeric G proteins is spatiotemporally restricted, i.e., triggered exclusively at the plasma membrane, only by agonist activation of G protein-coupled receptors via a finite process that is terminated within a few hundred milliseconds. Recently, a rapidly emerging paradigm has revealed a noncanonical pathway for activation of heterotrimeric G proteins via the nonreceptor guanidine-nucleotide exchange factor, GIV/Girdin. Biochemical, biophysical, and functional studies evaluating this pathway have unraveled its unique properties and distinctive spatiotemporal features. As in the case of any new pathway/paradigm, these studies first required an in-depth optimization of tools/techniques and protocols, governed by rationale and fundamentals unique to the pathway, and more specifically to the large multimodular GIV protein. Here we provide the most up-to-date overview of protocols that have generated most of what we know today about noncanonical G protein activation by GIV and its relevance in health and disease. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651
| | - Nicolas Aznar
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651
| | - Lee Swanson
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651
| | - I-Chung Lo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651
| | | | - Jason Ear
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651
| | - Cristina Rohena
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651
| | | | - Linda Joosen
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651
| | - Ying Dunkel
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651
| | - Nina Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651
| | - Peter Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840-9507
| | - Deepali Bhandari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840-9507
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Umeda K, Iritani S, Fujishiro H, Sekiguchi H, Torii Y, Habuchi C, Kuroda K, Kaibuchi K, Ozaki N. Immunohistochemical evaluation of the GABAergic neuronal system in the prefrontal cortex of a DISC1 knockout mouse model of schizophrenia. Synapse 2016; 70:508-518. [PMID: 27421906 DOI: 10.1002/syn.21924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of schizophrenia remains unknown. However, using molecular biological techniques, some candidate genes have been identified that might be associated with the disease. One of these candidate genes, disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (DISC1), was found in a large Scottish family with multiple mental illnesses. The function of DISC1 is considered to be associated with axon elongation and neuron migration in the central nervous system, but the functional consequences of defects in this gene have not been fully clarified in brain neuronal systems. Dysfunction of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neuronal system is also considered to contribute to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Thus, to clarify the neuropathological changes associated with DISC1 dysfunction, we investigated the number and distribution of GABAergic neurons in the prefrontal cortex of DISC1 knockout mice. We immunohistochemically quantified the laminar density of GABAergic neurons using anti-parvalbumin and anti-calbindin D28k antibodies (markers of GABAergic neuronal subpopulations). We found that the densities of both parvalbumin- and calbindin-immunoreactive neurons in the anterior cingulate, medial prefrontal, and orbitofrontal cortices were markedly lower in DISC1 knockout mice than in wild-type mice. In addition, reductions in cell density were observed in layers II and III and the deep layers of the cortex. This reduction in GABAergic neuronal density was not associated with alterations in neuronal size. These findings suggest that disrupted GABAergic neuronal network formation due to a DISC1 deficit might be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Umeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shuji Iritani
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Hiroshige Fujishiro
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Sekiguchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Youta Torii
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Chikako Habuchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kuroda
- Department of Cell Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kozo Kaibuchi
- Department of Cell Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
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Itoh N, Enomoto A, Nagai T, Takahashi M, Yamada K. Molecular mechanism linking BDNF/TrkB signaling with the NMDA receptor in memory: the role of Girdin in the CNS. Rev Neurosci 2016; 27:481-90. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2015-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIt is well known that synaptic plasticity is the cellular mechanism underlying learning and memory. Activity-dependent synaptic changes in electrical properties and morphology, including synaptogenesis, lead to alterations of synaptic strength, which is associated with long-term potentiation (LTP). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) signaling is involved in learning and memory formation by regulating synaptic plasticity. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K)/Akt pathway is one of the key signaling cascades downstream BDNF/TrkB and is believed to modulate N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated synaptic plasticity. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the connection between these two key players in synaptic plasticity remains largely unknown. Girders of actin filament (Girdin), an Akt substrate that directly binds to actin filaments, has been shown to play a role in neuronal migration and neuronal development. Recently, we identified Girdin as a key molecule involved in regulating long-term memory. It was demonstrated that phosphorylation of Girdin by Akt contributed to the maintenance of LTP by linking the BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway with NMDA receptor activity. These findings indicate that Girdin plays a pivotal role in a variety of processes in the CNS. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding about the roles of Girdin in the CNS and focus particularly on neuronal migration and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Taku Nagai
- 1Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8560, Japan
| | - Masahide Takahashi
- 2Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Yamada
- 1Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8560, Japan
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39
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Wang S, Liang Q, Qiao H, Li H, Shen T, Ji F, Jiao J. DISC1 regulates astrogenesis in the embryonic brain via modulation of RAS/MEK/ERK signaling through RASSF7. Development 2016; 143:2732-40. [PMID: 27287808 DOI: 10.1242/dev.133066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) is known as a high susceptibility gene for schizophrenia. Recent studies have indicated that schizophrenia might be caused by glia defects and dysfunction. However, there is no direct evidence of a link between the schizophrenia gene DISC1 and gliogenesis defects. Thus, an investigation into the involvement of DISC1 (a ubiquitously expressed brain protein) in astrogenesis during the late stage of mouse embryonic brain development is warranted. Here, we show that suppression of DISC1 expression represses astrogenesis in vitro and in vivo, and that DISC1 overexpression substantially enhances the process. Furthermore, mouse and human DISC1 overexpression rescued the astrogenesis defects caused by DISC1 knockdown. Mechanistically, DISC1 activates the RAS/MEK/ERK signaling pathway via direct association with RASSF7. Also, the pERK complex undergoes nuclear translocation and influences the expression of genes related to astrogenesis. In summary, our results demonstrate that DISC1 regulates astrogenesis by modulating RAS/MEK/ERK signaling via RASSF7 and provide a framework for understanding how DISC1 dysfunction might lead to neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukun Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qingli Liang
- The State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huimin Qiao
- The State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Tianjin Shen
- The State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fen Ji
- The State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jianwei Jiao
- The State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Cheung JSC, Chan JNM, Lau BWM, Ngai SPC. Purposeful Activity in Psychiatric Rehabilitation: Is Neurogenesis a Key Player? Hong Kong J Occup Ther 2016; 27:42-47. [PMID: 30186060 PMCID: PMC6091993 DOI: 10.1016/j.hkjot.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis, defined as the generation of new neurons in adulthood, has
been a fascinating discovery in neuroscience, as the continuously replenishing
neuronal population provides a new perspective to understand neuroplasticity.
Besides maintaining normal physiological function, neurogenesis also plays a key
role in pathophysiology and symptomatology for psychiatric conditions. In the
past decades, extensive effort has been spent on the understanding of the
functional significance of neurogenesis in psychiatric conditions, mechanisms of
pharmacological treatment, and discovery of novel drug candidates for different
conditions. In a clinical situation, however, long-term rehabilitation
treatment, in which occupational therapy is the key discipline, is a valuable,
economical, and commonly used treatment alternative to psychotropic medications.
Surprisingly, comparatively few studies have investigated the biological and
neurogenic effects of different psychiatric rehabilitative treatments. To
address the possible linkage between psychiatric rehabilitation and
neurogenesis, this review discusses the role of neurogenesis in schizophrenia,
major depression, and anxiety disorders. The review also discusses the potential
neurogenic effect of currently used psychiatric rehabilitation treatments. With
a better understanding of the biological effect of psychiatric rehabilitation
methods and future translational studies, it is hoped that the therapeutic
effect of psychiatric rehabilitation methods could be explained with a novel
perspective. Furthermore, this knowledge will benefit future formulation of
treatment methods, especially purposeful activities in occupational therapy, for
the treatment of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Siu-Chong Cheung
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jackie Ngai-Man Chan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Benson Wui-Man Lau
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Shirley Pui-Ching Ngai
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Transcriptional Profiling of Newly Generated Dentate Granule Cells Using TU Tagging Reveals Pattern Shifts in Gene Expression during Circuit Integration. eNeuro 2016; 3:eN-NWR-0024-16. [PMID: 27011954 PMCID: PMC4797955 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0024-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite representing only a small fraction of hippocampal granule cells, adult-generated newborn granule cells have been implicated in learning and memory (Aimone et al., 2011). Newborn granule cells undergo functional maturation and circuit integration over a period of weeks. However, it is difficult to assess the accompanying gene expression profiles in vivo with high spatial and temporal resolution using traditional methods. Here we used a novel method ["thiouracil (TU) tagging"] to map the profiles of nascent mRNAs in mouse immature newborn granule cells compared with mature granule cells. We targeted a nonmammalian uracil salvage enzyme, uracil phosphoribosyltransferase, to newborn neurons and mature granule cells using retroviral and lentiviral constructs, respectively. Subsequent injection of 4-TU tagged nascent RNAs for analysis by RNA sequencing. Several hundred genes were significantly enhanced in the retroviral dataset compared with the lentiviral dataset. We compared a selection of the enriched genes with steady-state levels of mRNAs using quantitative PCR. Ontology analysis revealed distinct patterns of nascent mRNA expression, with newly generated immature neurons showing enhanced expression for genes involved in synaptic function, and neural differentiation and development, as well as genes not previously associated with granule cell maturation. Surprisingly, the nascent mRNAs enriched in mature cells were related to energy homeostasis and metabolism, presumably indicative of the increased energy demands of synaptic transmission and their complex dendritic architecture. The high spatial and temporal resolution of our modified TU-tagging method provides a foundation for comparison with steady-state RNA analyses by traditional transcriptomic approaches in defining the functional roles of newborn neurons.
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42
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Nahorski MS, Asai M, Wakeling E, Parker A, Asai N, Canham N, Holder SE, Chen YC, Dyer J, Brady AF, Takahashi M, Woods CG. CCDC88A mutations cause PEHO-like syndrome in humans and mouse. Brain 2016; 139:1036-44. [PMID: 26917597 PMCID: PMC4806221 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive encephalopathy with oedema, hypsarrhythmia and optic atrophy (PEHO) syndrome is a rare Mendelian phenotype comprising severe retardation, early onset epileptic seizures, optic nerve/cerebellar atrophy, pedal oedema, and early death. Atypical cases are often known as PEHO-like, and there is an overlap with 'early infantile epileptic encephalopathy'. PEHO is considered to be recessive, but surprisingly since initial description in 1991, no causative recessive gene(s) have been described. Hence, we report a multiplex consanguineous family with the PEHO phenotype where affected individuals had a homozygous frame-shift deletion in CCDC88A (c.2313delT, p.Leu772*ter). Analysis of cDNA extracted from patient lymphocytes unexpectedly failed to show non-sense mediated decay, and we demonstrate that the mutation produces a truncated protein lacking the crucial C-terminal half of CCDC88A (girdin). To further investigate the possible role of CCDC88A in human neurodevelopment we re-examined the behaviour and neuroanatomy of Ccdc88a knockout pups. These mice had mesial-temporal lobe epilepsy, microcephaly and corpus callosum deficiency, and by postnatal Day 21, microcephaly; the mice died at an early age. As the mouse knockout phenotype mimics the human PEHO phenotype this suggests that loss of CCDC88A is a cause of the PEHO phenotype, and that CCDC88A is essential for multiple aspects of normal human neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Nahorski
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Masato Asai
- Department of Pathology, Centre for Neurological Disease and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466N, Japan
| | - Emma Wakeling
- North West Thames Regional Genetics Service, Level 8V, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, Watford Road, Harrow, HA1 3UJ, UK
| | - Alasdair Parker
- Department of Paediatric Neuroscience, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Rd, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Naoya Asai
- Department of Pathology, Centre for Neurological Disease and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466N, Japan
| | - Natalie Canham
- North West Thames Regional Genetics Service, Level 8V, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, Watford Road, Harrow, HA1 3UJ, UK
| | - Susan E Holder
- North West Thames Regional Genetics Service, Level 8V, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, Watford Road, Harrow, HA1 3UJ, UK
| | - Ya-Chun Chen
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Joshua Dyer
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Angela F Brady
- North West Thames Regional Genetics Service, Level 8V, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, Watford Road, Harrow, HA1 3UJ, UK
| | - Masahide Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, Centre for Neurological Disease and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466N, Japan
| | - C Geoffrey Woods
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
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43
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Wang X, Enomoto A, Asai N, Kato T, Takahashi M. Collective invasion of cancer: Perspectives from pathology and development. Pathol Int 2016; 66:183-92. [PMID: 26897041 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Clinical pathologists have long been aware that in many types of human malignant tumors, the cells are often connected and form groups of various sizes or "nests". In this way, they achieve "collective invasion" into the surrounding stroma, rather than spreading out individually. Such collective behavior is also a common feature of migration during embryonic and postnatal developmental stages, suggesting there are advantages gained by collective cell migration in the organisms. Recent studies have revealed the mechanisms underlying the collective invasion of cancer cells. These mechanisms differ from those observed in the migration of single cells in culture, including reliance on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition program. Whereas intercellular adhesion appears to be coordinated, cancer cell groups can be heterogenous, including cells that are leaders and those that are followers. There is also interaction with the tumor microenvironment that is a prerequisite for collective invasion of cancer. In this review, we describe recently emerging mechanisms underlying the collective migration of cells, with a particular focus in our studies on the actin-binding protein Girdin/GIV and the transcriptional regulator tripartite motif containing 27. These studies provide new perspectives on the mechanistic analogy between cancer and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoze Wang
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoya Asai
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takuya Kato
- Tumour Cell Biology Laboratory, The Francis-Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Masahide Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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44
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Aznar N, Kalogriopoulos N, Midde KK, Ghosh P. Heterotrimeric G protein signaling via GIV/Girdin: Breaking the rules of engagement, space, and time. Bioessays 2016; 38:379-93. [PMID: 26879989 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201500133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Canonical signal transduction via heterotrimeric G proteins is spatially and temporally restricted, that is, triggered exclusively at the plasma membrane (PM), only by agonist activation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) via a process that completes within a few hundred milliseconds. Recently, a rapidly emerging paradigm has revealed a non-canonical pathway for activation of heterotrimeric G proteins by the non-receptor guanidine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), GIV/Girdin. This pathway has distinctive temporal and spatial features and an unusual profile of receptor engagement: diverse classes of receptors, not just GPCRs can engage with GIV to trigger such activation. Such activation is spatially and temporally unrestricted, that is, can occur both at the PM and on internal membranes discontinuous with the PM, and can continue for prolonged periods of time. Here, we provide the most complete up-to-date review of the molecular mechanisms that govern the unique spatiotemporal aspects of non-canonical G protein activation by GIV and the relevance of this new paradigm in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Aznar
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Krishna K Midde
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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45
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Ara H, Takagishi M, Enomoto A, Asai M, Ushida K, Asai N, Shimoyama Y, Kaibuchi K, Kodera Y, Takahashi M. Role for Daple in non-canonical Wnt signaling during gastric cancer invasion and metastasis. Cancer Sci 2015; 107:133-9. [PMID: 26577606 PMCID: PMC4768387 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In gastric cancer, the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway is activated by Wnt5a, which has a critical role in disease outcome. Previous studies have shown that Wnt5a mediates the expression of the extracellular matrix protein laminin γ2 through Rac and JNK activation to promote gastric cancer progression. However, the mechanism of this regulatory pathway has not been completely addressed. The scaffold protein Dvl is a major component of the Wnt signaling pathway. Here, we show that Dvl-associating protein with a high frequency of leucine residues (Daple) mediates Wnt5a-induced laminin γ2 expression. Immunohistochemical analysis showed marked expression of Daple in advanced clinical stages of gastric cancer, where it highly correlated with Wnt5a/b and laminin γ2 expression, the depth of wall invasion, and the frequency of lymph node metastasis. In cultured cancer cells, Daple depletion led to the suppression of Wnt5a-induced Rac and JNK activation, laminin γ2 expression, and cell migration and invasion. Accordingly, Daple depletion also suppressed liver metastasis in a mouse xenograft model of gastric cancer. These results suggest that the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway contributes to gastric cancer progression at least in part via Daple, which provides a new therapeutic opportunity for the treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosne Ara
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Maki Takagishi
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masato Asai
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kaori Ushida
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoya Asai
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshie Shimoyama
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kozo Kaibuchi
- Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahide Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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46
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Gao R, Penzes P. Common mechanisms of excitatory and inhibitory imbalance in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders. Curr Mol Med 2015; 15:146-67. [PMID: 25732149 DOI: 10.2174/1566524015666150303003028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and Schizophrenia (SCZ) are cognitive disorders with complex genetic architectures but overlapping behavioral phenotypes, which suggests common pathway perturbations. Multiple lines of evidence implicate imbalances in excitatory and inhibitory activity (E/I imbalance) as a shared pathophysiological mechanism. Thus, understanding the molecular underpinnings of E/I imbalance may provide essential insight into the etiology of these disorders and may uncover novel targets for future drug discovery. Here, we review key genetic, physiological, neuropathological, functional, and pathway studies that suggest alterations to excitatory/inhibitory circuits are keys to ASD and SCZ pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P Penzes
- Department of Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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47
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Takahashi M, Asai N, Enomoto A. Akt-Girdin as oncotarget. Oncoscience 2015; 2:811-2. [PMID: 26682257 PMCID: PMC4671932 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Masahide Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, and Division of Molecular Pathology, Center for Neurological Disease and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoya Asai
- Department of Pathology, and Division of Molecular Pathology, Center for Neurological Disease and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Department of Pathology, and Division of Molecular Pathology, Center for Neurological Disease and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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48
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Namba T, Funahashi Y, Nakamuta S, Xu C, Takano T, Kaibuchi K. Extracellular and Intracellular Signaling for Neuronal Polarity. Physiol Rev 2015; 95:995-1024. [PMID: 26133936 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00025.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons are one of the highly polarized cells in the body. One of the fundamental issues in neuroscience is how neurons establish their polarity; therefore, this issue fascinates many scientists. Cultured neurons are useful tools for analyzing the mechanisms of neuronal polarization, and indeed, most of the molecules important in their polarization were identified using culture systems. However, we now know that the process of neuronal polarization in vivo differs in some respects from that in cultured neurons. One of the major differences is their surrounding microenvironment; neurons in vivo can be influenced by extrinsic factors from the microenvironment. Therefore, a major question remains: How are neurons polarized in vivo? Here, we begin by reviewing the process of neuronal polarization in culture conditions and in vivo. We also survey the molecular mechanisms underlying neuronal polarization. Finally, we introduce the theoretical basis of neuronal polarization and the possible involvement of neuronal polarity in disease and traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Namba
- Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Funahashi
- Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinichi Nakamuta
- Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chundi Xu
- Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Takano
- Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kozo Kaibuchi
- Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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49
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Houssin E, Tepass U, Laprise P. Girdin-mediated interactions between cadherin and the actin cytoskeleton are required for epithelial morphogenesis in Drosophila. Development 2015; 142:1777-84. [PMID: 25968313 DOI: 10.1242/dev.122002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion is fundamental for epithelial tissue morphogenesis, physiology and repair. E-cadherin is a core transmembrane constituent of the zonula adherens (ZA), a belt-like adherens junction located at the apicolateral border in epithelial cells. The anchorage of ZA components to cortical actin filaments strengthens cell-cell cohesion and allows for junction contractility, which shapes epithelial tissues during development. Here, we report that the cytoskeletal adaptor protein Girdin physically and functionally interacts with components of the cadherin-catenin complex during Drosophila embryogenesis. Fly Girdin is broadly expressed throughout embryonic development and enriched at the ZA in epithelial tissues. Girdin associates with the cytoskeleton and co-precipitates with the cadherin-catenin complex protein α-Catenin (α-Cat). Girdin mutations strongly enhance adhesion defects associated with reduced DE-cadherin (DE-Cad) expression. Moreover, the fraction of DE-Cad molecules associated with the cytoskeleton decreases in the absence of Girdin, thereby identifying Girdin as a positive regulator of adherens junction function. Girdin mutant embryos display isolated epithelial cell cysts and rupture of the ventral midline, consistent with defects in cell-cell cohesion. In addition, loss of Girdin impairs the collective migration of epithelial cells, resulting in dorsal closure defects. We propose that Girdin stabilizes epithelial cell adhesion and promotes morphogenesis by regulating the linkage of the cadherin-catenin complex to the cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Houssin
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology/Cancer Research Center, Laval University, and CRCHU-oncology axis, Québec, Québec, Canada G1R 3S3
| | - Ulrich Tepass
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G5
| | - Patrick Laprise
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology/Cancer Research Center, Laval University, and CRCHU-oncology axis, Québec, Québec, Canada G1R 3S3
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50
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Hu JT, Li Y, Yu B, Gao GJ, Zhou T, Li S. Girdin/GIV is upregulated by cyclic tension, propagates mechanical signal transduction, and is required for the cellular proliferation and migration of MG-63 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 464:493-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.06.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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