1
|
Rodriguez Moore G, Melo-Escobar I, Stegner D, Bracko O. One immune cell to bind them all: platelet contribution to neurodegenerative disease. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:65. [PMID: 39334369 PMCID: PMC11438031 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-024-00754-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD) collectively affect a significant portion of the aging population worldwide. The pathological progression of AD involves not only the classical hallmarks of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaque buildup and neurofibrillary tangle development but also the effects of vasculature and chronic inflammatory processes. Recently, platelets have emerged as central players in systemic and neuroinflammation. Studies have shown that patients with altered platelet receptor expression exhibit accelerated cognitive decline independent of traditional risk factors. Additionally, platelets from AD patients exhibit heightened unstimulated activation compared to control groups. Platelet granules contain crucial AD-related proteins like tau and amyloid precursor protein (APP). Dysregulation of platelet exocytosis contributes to disease phenotypes characterized by increased bleeding, stroke, and cognitive decline risk. Recent studies have indicated that these effects are not associated with the quantity of platelets present in circulation. This underscores the hypothesis that disruptions in platelet-mediated inflammation and healing processes may play a crucial role in the development of ADRD. A thorough look at platelets, encompassing their receptors, secreted molecules, and diverse roles in inflammatory interactions with other cells in the circulatory system in AD and ADRD, holds promising prospects for disease management and intervention. This review discusses the pivotal roles of platelets in ADRD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabel Melo-Escobar
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - David Stegner
- Institute for Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, Julius-Maximilians University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Bracko
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hu T, Dai Q, Epstein MP, Yang J. Proteome-wide association studies using summary pQTL data of three tissues identified 30 risk genes of Alzheimer's disease dementia. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.03.28.24305044. [PMID: 38585769 PMCID: PMC10996749 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.28.24305044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Background Proteome-wide association study (PWAS) integrating proteomic data with genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data is a powerful tool for studying Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. Existing PWAS analyses of AD often rely on the availability of individual-level proteomic and genetic data of a reference panel. Leveraging summary protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) reference data of multiple AD-relevant tissues is expected to improve PWAS findings of AD dementia. Methods We conducted PWAS of AD dementia by integrating publicly available summary pQTL data of brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and plasma tissues, with the latest GWAS summary data of AD dementia. For each target protein per tissue, we employed our recently published OTTERS tool to obtain omnibus PWAS p-value, to test whether the genetically regulated protein abundance in the corresponding tissue is associated with AD dementia. Protein-protein interactions and enriched pathways of identified significant PWAS risk genes were analyzed by STRING. The potential causal effects of these PWAS risk genes were assessed by probabilistic Mendelian randomization analyses. Results We identified 30 unique significant PWAS risk genes for AD dementia, including 11 for brain, 9 for CSF, and 16 for plasma tissues. Four of these were shared by at least two tissues, and gene MAPK3 was found in all three tissues. We found that 11 of these PWAS risk genes were associated with AD or AD pathological hall marks as shown in GWAS Catalog; 18 of these were detected by transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS); and 25 of these, including 8 out of 9 novel genes, were interconnected within a protein-protein interaction network involving the well-known AD risk gene APOE . Especially, these PWAS risk genes were enriched in immune response, glial cell proliferation, and high-density lipoprotein particle clearance pathways. Mediated causal effects were validated for 13 PWAS risk genes (43.3%). Conclusions Our findings provide novel insights into the genetic mechanisms of AD dementia in brain, CSF, and plasma tissues, and targets for developing therapeutic interventions. We also demonstrated the effectiveness of integrating summary pQTL and GWAS data for mapping risk genes of complex human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingyang Hu
- Center for Computational and Quantitative Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Qile Dai
- Center for Computational and Quantitative Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Michael P. Epstein
- Center for Computational and Quantitative Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Center for Computational and Quantitative Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ma LY, Song JH, Gao PY, Ou YN, Fu Y, Huang LY, Wang ZT, Zhang DD, Cui RP, Mi YC, Tan L. Amyloid pathology mediates the associations between plasma fibrinogen and cognition in non-demented adults. J Neurochem 2024; 168:2532-2542. [PMID: 38533619 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Though previous studies revealed the potential associations of elevated levels of plasma fibrinogen with dementia, there is still limited understanding regarding the influence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers on these associations. We sought to investigate the interrelationships among fibrinogen, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers, and cognition in non-demented adults. We included 1996 non-demented adults from the Chinese Alzheimer's Biomarker and LifestylE (CABLE) study and 337 from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. The associations of fibrinogen with AD biomarkers and cognition were explored using multiple linear regression models. The mediation analyses with 10 000 bootstrapped iterations were conducted to explore the mediating effects of AD biomarkers on cognition. In addition, interaction analyses and subgroup analyses were conducted to assess the influence of covariates on the relationships between fibrinogen and AD biomarkers. Participants exhibiting low Aβ42 were designated as A+, while those demonstrating high phosphorylated tau (P-tau) and total tau (Tau) were labeled as T+ and N+, respectively. Individuals with normal measures of Aβ42 and P-tau were categorized as the A-T- group, and those with abnormal levels of both Aβ42 and P-tau were grouped under A+T+. Fibrinogen was higher in the A+ subgroup compared to that in the A- subgroup (p = 0.026). Fibrinogen was higher in the A+T+ subgroup compared to that in the A-T- subgroup (p = 0.011). Higher fibrinogen was associated with worse cognition and Aβ pathology (all p < 0.05). Additionally, the associations between fibrinogen and cognition were partially mediated by Aβ pathology (mediation proportion range 8%-28%). Interaction analyses and subgroup analyses showed that age and ApoE ε4 affect the relationships between fibrinogen and Aβ pathology. Fibrinogen was associated with both cognition and Aβ pathology. Aβ pathology may be a critical mediator for impacts of fibrinogen on cognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yun Ma
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing-Hui Song
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Pei-Yang Gao
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya-Nan Ou
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Fu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Liang-Yu Huang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zuo-Teng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Rui-Ping Cui
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yin-Chu Mi
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rather MA, Khan A, Jahan S, Siddiqui AJ, Wang L. Influence of Tau on Neurotoxicity and Cerebral Vasculature Impairment Associated with Alzheimer's Disease. Neuroscience 2024; 552:1-13. [PMID: 38871021 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a fatal chronic neurodegenerative condition marked by a gradual decline in cognitive abilities and impaired vascular function within the central nervous system. This affliction initiates its insidious progression with the accumulation of two aberrant protein entities including Aβ plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. These chronic elements target distinct brain regions, steadily erasing the functionality of the hippocampus and triggering the erosion of memory and neuronal integrity. Several assumptions are anticipated for AD as genetic alterations, the occurrence of Aβ plaques, altered processing of amyloid precursor protein, mitochondrial damage, and discrepancy of neurotropic factors. In addition to Aβ oligomers, the deposition of tau hyper-phosphorylates also plays an indispensable part in AD etiology. The brain comprises a complex network of capillaries that is crucial for maintaining proper function. Tau is expressed in cerebral blood vessels, where it helps to regulate blood flow and sustain the blood-brain barrier's integrity. In AD, tau pathology can disrupt cerebral blood supply and deteriorate the BBB, leading to neuronal neurodegeneration. Neuroinflammation, deficits in the microvasculature and endothelial functions, and Aβ deposition are characteristically detected in the initial phases of AD. These variations trigger neuronal malfunction and cognitive impairment. Intracellular tau accumulation in microglia and astrocytes triggers deleterious effects on the integrity of endothelium and cerebral blood supply resulting in further advancement of the ailment and cerebral instability. In this review, we will discuss the impact of tau on neurovascular impairment, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and the role of hyperphosphorylated tau in neuron excitotoxicity and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mashoque Ahmad Rather
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, United States.
| | - Andleeb Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Integral University, Lucknow, 226026, India
| | - Sadaf Jahan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arif Jamal Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail City, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lianchun Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Weaver O, Gano D, Zhou Y, Kim H, Tognatta R, Yan Z, Ryu JK, Brandt C, Basu T, Grana M, Cabriga B, Alzamora MDPS, Barkovich AJ, Akassoglou K, Petersen MA. Fibrinogen inhibits sonic hedgehog signaling and impairs neonatal cerebellar development after blood-brain barrier disruption. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2323050121. [PMID: 39042684 PMCID: PMC11295022 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2323050121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebellar injury in preterm infants with central nervous system (CNS) hemorrhage results in lasting neurological deficits and an increased risk of autism. The impact of blood-induced pathways on cerebellar development remains largely unknown, so no specific treatments have been developed to counteract the harmful effects of blood after neurovascular damage in preterm infants. Here, we show that fibrinogen, a blood-clotting protein, plays a central role in impairing neonatal cerebellar development. Longitudinal MRI of preterm infants revealed that cerebellar bleeds were the most critical factor associated with poor cerebellar growth. Using inflammatory and hemorrhagic mouse models of neonatal cerebellar injury, we found that fibrinogen increased innate immune activation and impeded neurogenesis in the developing cerebellum. Fibrinogen inhibited sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling, the main mitogenic pathway in cerebellar granule neuron progenitors (CGNPs), and was sufficient to disrupt cerebellar growth. Genetic fibrinogen depletion attenuated neuroinflammation, promoted CGNP proliferation, and preserved normal cerebellar development after neurovascular damage. Our findings suggest that fibrinogen alters the balance of SHH signaling in the neurovascular niche and may serve as a therapeutic target to mitigate developmental brain injury after CNS hemorrhage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Weaver
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94158
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA94158
- Center for Neurovascular Brain Immunology at Gladstone Institutes and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94158
| | - Dawn Gano
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94158
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94158
| | - Yungui Zhou
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA94158
- Center for Neurovascular Brain Immunology at Gladstone Institutes and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94158
| | - Hosung Kim
- Department of Neurology, Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90033
| | - Reshmi Tognatta
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA94158
- Center for Neurovascular Brain Immunology at Gladstone Institutes and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94158
| | - Zhaoqi Yan
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA94158
- Center for Neurovascular Brain Immunology at Gladstone Institutes and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94158
| | - Jae Kyu Ryu
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA94158
- Center for Neurovascular Brain Immunology at Gladstone Institutes and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94158
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94158
| | - Caroline Brandt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94158
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA94158
- Center for Neurovascular Brain Immunology at Gladstone Institutes and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94158
| | - Trisha Basu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94158
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA94158
- Center for Neurovascular Brain Immunology at Gladstone Institutes and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94158
| | - Martin Grana
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94158
| | - Belinda Cabriga
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA94158
- Center for Neurovascular Brain Immunology at Gladstone Institutes and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94158
| | - Maria del Pilar S. Alzamora
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA94158
- Center for Neurovascular Brain Immunology at Gladstone Institutes and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94158
| | - A. James Barkovich
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94158
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94158
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94143
| | - Katerina Akassoglou
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA94158
- Center for Neurovascular Brain Immunology at Gladstone Institutes and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94158
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94158
| | - Mark A. Petersen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94158
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA94158
- Center for Neurovascular Brain Immunology at Gladstone Institutes and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94158
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Percio A, Cicchinelli M, Masci D, Summo M, Urbani A, Greco V. Oxidative Cysteine Post Translational Modifications Drive the Redox Code Underlying Neurodegeneration and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:883. [PMID: 39199129 PMCID: PMC11351139 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Redox dysregulation, an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants, is crucial in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases. Within this context, the "redoxome" encompasses the network of redox molecules collaborating to maintain cellular redox balance and signaling. Among these, cysteine-sensitive proteins are fundamental for this homeostasis. Due to their reactive thiol groups, cysteine (Cys) residues are particularly susceptible to oxidative post-translational modifications (PTMs) induced by free radicals (reactive oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur species) which profoundly affect protein functions. Cys-PTMs, forming what is referred to as "cysteinet" in the redox proteome, are essential for redox signaling in both physiological and pathological conditions, including neurodegeneration. Such modifications significantly influence protein misfolding and aggregation, key hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and notably, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This review aims to explore the complex landscape of cysteine PTMs in the cellular redox environment, elucidating their impact on neurodegeneration at protein level. By investigating specific cysteine-sensitive proteins and the regulatory networks involved, particular emphasis is placed on the link between redox dysregulation and ALS, highlighting this pathology as a prime example of a neurodegenerative disease wherein such redox dysregulation is a distinct hallmark.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Percio
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative Clinics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (M.C.); (D.M.); (M.S.); (A.U.)
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostic and Infectious Diseases, Unity of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Biology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Cicchinelli
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative Clinics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (M.C.); (D.M.); (M.S.); (A.U.)
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostic and Infectious Diseases, Unity of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Biology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Domiziana Masci
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative Clinics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (M.C.); (D.M.); (M.S.); (A.U.)
| | - Mariagrazia Summo
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative Clinics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (M.C.); (D.M.); (M.S.); (A.U.)
| | - Andrea Urbani
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative Clinics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (M.C.); (D.M.); (M.S.); (A.U.)
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostic and Infectious Diseases, Unity of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Biology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Greco
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative Clinics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (M.C.); (D.M.); (M.S.); (A.U.)
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostic and Infectious Diseases, Unity of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Biology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen T, Dai Y, Hu C, Lin Z, Wang S, Yang J, Zeng L, Li S, Li W. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of the blood-brain barrier dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases. Fluids Barriers CNS 2024; 21:60. [PMID: 39030617 PMCID: PMC11264766 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-024-00557-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maintaining the structural and functional integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is vital for neuronal equilibrium and optimal brain function. Disruptions to BBB performance are implicated in the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases. MAIN BODY Early indicators of multiple neurodegenerative disorders in humans and animal models include impaired BBB stability, regional cerebral blood flow shortfalls, and vascular inflammation associated with BBB dysfunction. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of BBB dysfunction in brain disorders is crucial for elucidating the sustenance of neural computations under pathological conditions and for developing treatments for these diseases. This paper initially explores the cellular and molecular definition of the BBB, along with the signaling pathways regulating BBB stability, cerebral blood flow, and vascular inflammation. Subsequently, we review current insights into BBB dynamics in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis. The paper concludes by proposing a unified mechanism whereby BBB dysfunction contributes to neurodegenerative disorders, highlights potential BBB-focused therapeutic strategies and targets, and outlines lessons learned and future research directions. CONCLUSIONS BBB breakdown significantly impacts the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, and unraveling the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying BBB dysfunction is vital to elucidate how neural computations are sustained under pathological conditions and to devise therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tongli Chen
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Dai
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenghao Hu
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zihao Lin
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengzhe Wang
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China.
- Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Linghui Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China.
- Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Shanshan Li
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China.
- Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Weiyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China.
- Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kumar Nelson V, Jha NK, Nuli MV, Gupta S, Kanna S, Gahtani RM, Hani U, Singh AK, Abomughaid MM, Abomughayedh AM, Almutary AG, Iqbal D, Al Othaim A, Begum SS, Ahmad F, Mishra PC, Jha SK, Ojha S. Unveiling the impact of aging on BBB and Alzheimer's disease: Factors and therapeutic implications. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 98:102224. [PMID: 38346505 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a highly prevalent neurodegenerative condition that has devastating effects on individuals, often resulting in dementia. AD is primarily defined by the presence of extracellular plaques containing insoluble β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein (P-tau). In addition, individuals afflicted by these age-related illnesses experience a diminished state of health, which places significant financial strain on their loved ones. Several risk factors play a significant role in the development of AD. These factors include genetics, diet, smoking, certain diseases (such as cerebrovascular diseases, obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia), age, and alcohol consumption. Age-related factors are key contributors to the development of vascular-based neurodegenerative diseases such as AD. In general, the process of aging can lead to changes in the immune system's responses and can also initiate inflammation in the brain. The chronic inflammation and the inflammatory mediators found in the brain play a crucial role in the dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Furthermore, maintaining BBB integrity is of utmost importance in preventing a wide range of neurological disorders. Therefore, in this review, we discussed the role of age and its related factors in the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier and the development of AD. We also discussed the importance of different compounds, such as those with anti-aging properties, and other compounds that can help maintain the integrity of the blood-brain barrier in the prevention of AD. This review builds a strong correlation between age-related factors, degradation of the BBB, and its impact on AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar Nelson
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Anantapur, India.
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India; Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India.
| | - Mohana Vamsi Nuli
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Anantapur, India
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sandeep Kanna
- Department of pharmaceutics, Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chalapathi Nagar, Guntur 522034, India
| | - Reem M Gahtani
- Departement of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Umme Hani
- Department of pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arun Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mosleh Mohammad Abomughaid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali M Abomughayedh
- Pharmacy Department, Aseer Central Hospital, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajeed G Almutary
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 59911, United Arab Emirates
| | - Danish Iqbal
- Department of Health Information Management, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah 51418, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayoub Al Othaim
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia.
| | - S Sabarunisha Begum
- Department of Biotechnology, P.S.R. Engineering College, Sivakasi 626140, India
| | - Fuzail Ahmad
- Respiratory Care Department, College of Applied Sciences, Almaarefa University, Diriya, Riyadh, 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prabhu Chandra Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Zoology, Kalindi College, University of Delhi, 110008, India.
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Singh PK, Simões-Pires EN, Chen ZL, Torrente D, Calvano M, Sharma A, Strickland S, Norris EH. Lecanemab blocks the effects of the Aβ/fibrinogen complex on blood clots and synapse toxicity in organotypic culture. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2314450121. [PMID: 38621133 PMCID: PMC11047064 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314450121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteinaceous brain inclusions, neuroinflammation, and vascular dysfunction are common pathologies in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Vascular deficits include a compromised blood-brain barrier, which can lead to extravasation of blood proteins like fibrinogen into the brain. Fibrinogen's interaction with the amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide is known to worsen thrombotic and cerebrovascular pathways in AD. Lecanemab, an FDA-approved antibody therapy for AD, clears Aβ plaque from the brain and slows cognitive decline. Here, we show that lecanemab blocks fibrinogen's binding to Aβ protofibrils, preventing Aβ/fibrinogen-mediated delayed fibrinolysis and clot abnormalities in vitro and in human plasma. Additionally, we show that lecanemab dissociates the Aβ/fibrinogen complex and prevents fibrinogen from exacerbating Aβ-induced synaptotoxicity in mouse organotypic hippocampal cultures. These findings reveal a possible protective mechanism by which lecanemab may slow disease progression in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar Singh
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
| | - Elisa Nicoloso Simões-Pires
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
| | - Zu-Lin Chen
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
| | - Daniel Torrente
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
| | - Marissa Calvano
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
| | - Anurag Sharma
- Electron Microscopy Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
| | - Sidney Strickland
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
| | - Erin H. Norris
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dean T, Mendiola AS, Yan Z, Meza-Acevedo R, Cabriga B, Akassoglou K, Ryu JK. Fibrin promotes oxidative stress and neuronal loss in traumatic brain injury via innate immune activation. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:94. [PMID: 38622640 PMCID: PMC11017541 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03092-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes significant blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, resulting in the extravasation of blood proteins into the brain. The impact of blood proteins, especially fibrinogen, on inflammation and neurodegeneration post-TBI is not fully understood, highlighting a critical gap in our comprehension of TBI pathology and its connection to innate immune activation. METHODS We combined vascular casting with 3D imaging of solvent-cleared organs (uDISCO) to study the spatial distribution of the blood coagulation protein fibrinogen in large, intact brain volumes and assessed the temporal regulation of the fibrin(ogen) deposition by immunohistochemistry in a murine model of TBI. Fibrin(ogen) deposition and innate immune cell markers were co-localized by immunohistochemistry in mouse and human brains after TBI. We assessed the role of fibrinogen in TBI using unbiased transcriptomics, flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry for innate immune and neuronal markers in Fggγ390-396A knock-in mice, which express a mutant fibrinogen that retains normal clotting function, but lacks the γ390-396 binding motif to CD11b/CD18 integrin receptor. RESULTS We show that cerebral fibrinogen deposits were associated with activated innate immune cells in both human and murine TBI. Genetic elimination of fibrin-CD11b interaction reduced peripheral monocyte recruitment and the activation of inflammatory and reactive oxygen species (ROS) gene pathways in microglia and macrophages after TBI. Blockade of the fibrin-CD11b interaction was also protective from oxidative stress damage and cortical loss after TBI. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that fibrinogen is a regulator of innate immune activation and neurodegeneration in TBI. Abrogating post-injury neuroinflammation by selective blockade of fibrin's inflammatory functions may have implications for long-term neurologic recovery following brain trauma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terry Dean
- Gladstone Institute for Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Neurovascular Brain Immunology at Gladstone, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Andrew S Mendiola
- Gladstone Institute for Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Neurovascular Brain Immunology at Gladstone, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zhaoqi Yan
- Gladstone Institute for Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Neurovascular Brain Immunology at Gladstone, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rosa Meza-Acevedo
- Gladstone Institute for Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Neurovascular Brain Immunology at Gladstone, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Belinda Cabriga
- Gladstone Institute for Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Neurovascular Brain Immunology at Gladstone, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Katerina Akassoglou
- Gladstone Institute for Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Neurovascular Brain Immunology at Gladstone, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jae Kyu Ryu
- Gladstone Institute for Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Center for Neurovascular Brain Immunology at Gladstone, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Balczon R, Lin MT, Voth S, Nelson AR, Schupp JC, Wagener BM, Pittet JF, Stevens T. Lung endothelium, tau, and amyloids in health and disease. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:533-587. [PMID: 37561137 PMCID: PMC11281824 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00006.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung endothelia in the arteries, capillaries, and veins are heterogeneous in structure and function. Lung capillaries in particular represent a unique vascular niche, with a thin yet highly restrictive alveolar-capillary barrier that optimizes gas exchange. Capillary endothelium surveys the blood while simultaneously interpreting cues initiated within the alveolus and communicated via immediately adjacent type I and type II epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and pericytes. This cell-cell communication is necessary to coordinate the immune response to lower respiratory tract infection. Recent discoveries identify an important role for the microtubule-associated protein tau that is expressed in lung capillary endothelia in the host-pathogen interaction. This endothelial tau stabilizes microtubules necessary for barrier integrity, yet infection drives production of cytotoxic tau variants that are released into the airways and circulation, where they contribute to end-organ dysfunction. Similarly, beta-amyloid is produced during infection. Beta-amyloid has antimicrobial activity, but during infection it can acquire cytotoxic activity that is deleterious to the host. The production and function of these cytotoxic tau and amyloid variants are the subject of this review. Lung-derived cytotoxic tau and amyloid variants are a recently discovered mechanism of end-organ dysfunction, including neurocognitive dysfunction, during and in the aftermath of infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ron Balczon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
| | - Mike T Lin
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
| | - Sarah Voth
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Monroe, Louisiana, United States
| | - Amy R Nelson
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
| | - Jonas C Schupp
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Brant M Wagener
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Jean-Francois Pittet
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Troy Stevens
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Toribio-Fernandez R, Ceron C, Tristão-Pereira C, Fernandez-Nueda I, Perez-Castillo A, Fernandez-Ferro J, Moro MA, Ibañez B, Fuster V, Cortes-Canteli M. Oral anticoagulants: A plausible new treatment for Alzheimer's disease? Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:760-776. [PMID: 36633908 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are strongly associated. Both are multifactorial disorders with long asymptomatic phases and similar risk factors. Indeed, CVD signatures such as cerebral microbleeds, micro-infarcts, atherosclerosis, cerebral amyloid angiopathy and a procoagulant state are highly associated with AD. However, AD and CVD co-development and the molecular mechanisms underlying such associations are not understood. Here, we review the evidence regarding the vascular component of AD and clinical studies using anticoagulants that specifically evaluated the development of AD and other dementias. Most studies reported a markedly decreased incidence of composite dementia in anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation, with the highest benefit for direct oral anticoagulants. However, sub-analyses by differential dementia diagnosis were scarce and inconclusive. We finally discuss whether anticoagulation could be a plausible preventive/therapeutic approach for AD and, if so, which would be the best drug and strategy to maximize clinical benefit and minimize potential risks. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue From Alzheimer's Disease to Vascular Dementia: Different Roads Leading to Cognitive Decline. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.6/issuetoc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Toribio-Fernandez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Ceron
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Irene Fernandez-Nueda
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Perez-Castillo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Fernandez-Ferro
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Stroke Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos (HURJC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Angeles Moro
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja Ibañez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de enfermedades cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Valentin Fuster
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marta Cortes-Canteli
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ahmad R, Warsi MS, Abidi M, Habib S, Siddiqui S, Khan H, Nabi F, Moinuddin. Structural perturbations induced by cumulative action of methylglyoxal and peroxynitrite on human fibrinogen: An in vitro and in silico approach. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 307:123500. [PMID: 37989033 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MGO); a reducing sugar and a dicarbonyl; attaches to the biomolecules (proteins, lipids, and DNA) leading to glycation and accumulation of oxidative stress in cells and tissues. Superoxide anion formed under such conditions entraps free nitric oxide radical (NO) to form peroxynitrite (PON). Nitro-oxidative stress due to PON is well established. Human fibrinogen plays a key role in haemostasis and is a highly vulnerable target for oxidation. Modifications of fibrinogen can potentially disrupt its structure and function. Earlier evidence suggested that glycation and nitro-oxidation lead to protein aggregation by making it resistant to lysis. This study aims to reveal the structural perturbations on fibrinogen in the presence of MGO and PON synergistically. The in vitro glyco-nitro-oxidation of human fibrinogen by MGO and PON leads to substantial structural alterations, as evident by biophysical and biochemical studies. In-silico results revealed the formation of stable complexes. UV-visible, intrinsic fluorescence, and circular dichroism investigations confirmed the synergistic effect of MGO and PON caused micro-structural modifications leading to secondary structural alterations. AGEs formation in MGO-modified fibrinogen reduced the free lysine and free arginine residues which were quantified by TNBS and phenanthrenequinone assays. Enhanced oxidative status was confirmed by estimating carbonyl content. ANS fluorophore validated exposure of hydrophobic patches in modified protein and thioflavin-T showed maximum binding with synergistically modified fibrinogen, indicated the formation of β-sheet. Confocal and electron microscope results corroborated the formation of aggregates. This study, therefore, evaluated the impact of MGO and PON on the structural integrity, oxidative status and aggregate formation of fibrinogen that can aggravate metabolic complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohd Sharib Warsi
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Minhal Abidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Safia Habib
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sana Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Hamda Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Faisal Nabi
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Moinuddin
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Singh PK, Pires ENS, Chen ZL, Torrente D, Calvano M, Sharma A, Strickland S, Norris EH. Lecanemab Blocks the Effects of the Aβ/Fibrinogen Complex on Blood Clots and Synapse Toxicity in Organotypic Culture. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.20.576458. [PMID: 38293058 PMCID: PMC10827200 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.20.576458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Proteinaceous brain inclusions, neuroinflammation, and vascular dysfunction are common pathologies in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Vascular deficits include a compromised blood-brain barrier, which can lead to extravasation of blood proteins like fibrinogen into the brain. Fibrinogen's interaction with the amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide is known to worsen thrombotic and cerebrovascular pathways in AD. Lecanemab, an FDA-approved antibody therapy for AD, shows promising results in facilitating reduction of Aβ from the brain and slowing cognitive decline. Here we show that lecanemab blocks fibrinogen's binding to Aβ protofibrils, normalizing Aβ/fibrinogen-mediated delayed fibrinolysis and clot abnormalities in vitro and in human plasma. Additionally, we show that lecanemab dissociates the Aβ/fibrinogen complex and prevents fibrinogen from exacerbating Aβ-induced synaptotoxicity in mouse organotypic hippocampal cultures. These findings reveal a possible protective mechanism by which lecanemab may slow disease progression in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar Singh
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065
| | - Elisa Nicoloso Simoes Pires
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065
| | - Zu-Lin Chen
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065
| | - Daniel Torrente
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065
| | - Marissa Calvano
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065
| | - Anurag Sharma
- Electron Microscopy Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065
| | - Sidney Strickland
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065
| | - Erin H. Norris
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang HR, Ma J, Guo YZ, Liu KF, Han B, Wang MH, Zou FH, Wang J, Tian Z, Qu HQ, Huang XL, Liu F. Combination of Albumin/Fibrinogen Ratio and Admission Hunt-Hess Scale Score as an Independent Predictor of Clinical Outcome in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. World Neurosurg 2024; 181:e322-e329. [PMID: 37839575 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The albumin/fibrinogen ratio (AFR) is an independent predictor of clinical outcomes of some diseases; however, the prognostic value of AFR and the admission Hunt-Hess (HH) score is still unclear for patients with an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). This study aimed to assess the relationship between the AFR-HH score and 6-month outcomes of aSAH patients. METHODS The clinical characteristics of aSAH patients admitted to our department between December 2017 and December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The candidate risk factors were screened using univariate regression analysis, and the independence of the resultant risk factors was evaluated by binary logistic regression analysis. The predictive value of the combined AFR and HH score for unfavorable outcomes was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. RESULTS A total of 112 aSAH patients were included. Binary logistic regression analysis showed the perioperative period AFR, Glasgow coma scale score, and admission HH score were independent risk factors for unfavorable outcomes for aSAH patients. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed the predictive capacity of AFR plus the admission HH score outperformed the AFR, Glasgow coma scale score, and admission HH scale alone and the combination of the AFR and Glasgow coma scale score. CONCLUSIONS A low AFR during the perioperative period is associated with unfavorable outcomes for aSAH patients at 6 months. The combination of the AFR and admission HH scale score provides superior predictive capacity to either the AFR or HH scale score alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ran Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhuo Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Ke Feng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Bin Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Ming Hai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Fei Hui Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhen Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - He Qi Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xian Long Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ding H, Liu C, Li Y, Ang TFA, Devine S, Liu Y, Au R, Doraiswamy PM. Sex-specific blood biomarkers linked to memory changes in middle-aged adults: The Framingham Heart Study. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 16:e12569. [PMID: 38545543 PMCID: PMC10966919 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The relationship between sex-specific blood biomarkers and memory changes in middle-aged adults remains unclear. We aimed to investigate this relationship using the data from the Framingham Heart Study (FHS). We conducted association analysis, partial correlation analysis, and causal dose-response curves using blood biomarkers and other data from 793 middle-aged participants (≤ 60 years) from the FHS Offspring Cohort. The results revealed associations of adiponectin and fasting blood glucose with midlife memory change, along with a U-shaped relationship of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol with memory change. No significant associations were found for the other blood biomarkers (e.g., amyloid beta protein 42) with memory change. To our knowledge, this is the first sex-specific network analysis of blood biomarkers related to midlife memory change in a prospective cohort study. Our findings highlight the importance of targeting cardiometabolic risks and the need to validate midlife-specific biomarkers that can accelerate the development of primary preventive strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huitong Ding
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Framingham Heart StudyBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Framingham Heart StudyBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of BiostatisticsBoston University School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Yi Li
- Department of BiostatisticsBoston University School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Ting Fang Alvin Ang
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Framingham Heart StudyBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Slone Epidemiology CenterBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Sherral Devine
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Framingham Heart StudyBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Yulin Liu
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Framingham Heart StudyBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Rhoda Au
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Framingham Heart StudyBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Slone Epidemiology CenterBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of NeurologyBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of EpidemiologyBoston University School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - P. Murali Doraiswamy
- Neurocognitive Disorders ProgramDepartments of Psychiatry and Medicineand the Duke Institute for Brain SciencesDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lin CH, Liao HY, Lane HY, Chen CJ. Elucidating the Mechanisms of Sodium Benzoate in Alzheimer Disease: Insights from Quantitative Proteomics Analysis of Serum Samples. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2023; 26:856-866. [PMID: 37875373 PMCID: PMC10726399 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyad061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are crucial components of brain function involved in memory and neurotransmission. Sodium benzoate is a promising NMDAR enhancer and has been proven to be a novel, safe, and efficient therapy for patients with Alzheimer disease (AD). However, in addition to the role of sodium benzoate as an NMDA enhancer, other mechanisms of sodium benzoate in treating AD are still unclear. To elucidate the potential mechanisms of sodium benzoate in Alzheimer disease, this study employed label-free quantitative proteomics to analyze serum samples from AD cohorts with and without sodium benzoate treatment. METHODS The serum proteins from each patient were separated into 24 fractions using an immobilized pH gradient, digested with trypsin, and then subjected to nanoLC‒MS/MS to analyze the proteome of all patients. The nanoLC‒MS/MS data were obtained with a label-free quantitative proteomic approach. Proteins with fold changes were analyzed with STRING and Cytoscape to find key protein networks/processes and hub proteins. RESULTS Our analysis identified 861 and 927 protein groups in the benzoate treatment cohort and the placebo cohort, respectively. The results demonstrated that sodium benzoate had the most significant effect on the complement and coagulation cascade pathways, amyloidosis disease, immune responses, and lipid metabolic processes. Moreover, Transthyretin, Fibrinogen alpha chain, Haptoglobin, Apolipoprotein B-100, Fibrinogen beta chain, Apolipoprotein E, and Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1 were identified as hub proteins in the protein‒protein interaction networks. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that sodium benzoate may exert its influence on important pathways associated with AD, thus contributing to the improvement in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Hsin Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Liao
- Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yuan Lane
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry and Brain Disease Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Jung Chen
- Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
O'Donnell JS, Fleming H, Noone D, Preston RJS. Unraveling coagulation factor-mediated cellular signaling. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:3342-3353. [PMID: 37391097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Blood coagulation is initiated in response to blood vessel injury or proinflammatory stimuli, which activate coagulation factors to coordinate complex biochemical and cellular responses necessary for clot formation. In addition to these critical physiologic functions, plasma protein factors activated during coagulation mediate a spectrum of signaling responses via receptor-binding interactions on different cell types. In this review, we describe examples and mechanisms of coagulation factor signaling. We detail the molecular basis for cell signaling mediated by coagulation factor proteases via the protease-activated receptor family, considering new insights into the role of protease-specific cleavage sites, cofactor and coreceptor interactions, and distinct signaling intermediate interactions in shaping protease-activated receptor signaling diversity. Moreover, we discuss examples of how injury-dependent conformational activation of other coagulation proteins, such as fibrin(ogen) and von Willebrand factor, decrypts their signaling potential, unlocking their capacity to contribute to aberrant proinflammatory signaling. Finally, we consider the role of coagulation factor signaling in disease development and the status of pharmacologic approaches to either attenuate or enhance coagulation factor signaling for therapeutic benefit, emphasizing new approaches to inhibit deleterious coagulation factor signaling without impacting hemostatic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James S O'Donnell
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland; National Children's Research Centre, Children's Health Ireland, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland. https://twitter.com/profJSOdonnell
| | - Harry Fleming
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland. https://www.twitter.com/PrestonLab_RCSI
| | - David Noone
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland. https://www.twitter.com/PrestonLab_RCSI
| | - Roger J S Preston
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland; National Children's Research Centre, Children's Health Ireland, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tubi MA, Wheeler K, Matsiyevskiy E, Hapenney M, Mack WJ, Chui HC, King K, Thompson PM, Braskie MN. White matter hyperintensity volume modifies the association between CSF vascular inflammatory biomarkers and regional FDG-PET along the Alzheimer's disease continuum. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 132:1-12. [PMID: 37708739 PMCID: PMC10843575 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
In older adults with abnormal levels of Alzheimer's disease neuropathology, lower cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels are associated with lower [¹⁸F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) signal, but whether this association is (1) specific to VEGF or broadly driven by vascular inflammation, or (2) modified by vascular risk (e.g., white matter hyperintensities [WMHs]) remains unknown. To address this and build upon our past work, we evaluated whether 5 CSF vascular inflammation biomarkers (vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, VEGF, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and von Willebrand factor)-previously associated with CSF amyloid levels-were related to FDG-PET signal and whether WMH volume modified these associations in 158 Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative participants (55-90 years old, 39 cognitively normal, 80 mild cognitive impairment, 39 Alzheimer's disease). We defined regions both by cortical boundary and by the 3 major vascular territories: anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries. We found that WMH volume had interactive effects with CSF biomarkers (VEGF and C-reactive protein) on FDG-PET throughout the cortex in both vascular territories and conventionally defined regions of interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meral A Tubi
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Koral Wheeler
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Matsiyevskiy
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Hapenney
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Wendy J Mack
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Helena C Chui
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kevin King
- Department of Neuroradiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Meredith N Braskie
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Simons M, Levin J, Dichgans M. Tipping points in neurodegeneration. Neuron 2023; 111:2954-2968. [PMID: 37385247 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), Aβ deposits form slowly, several decades before further pathological events trigger neurodegeneration and dementia. However, a substantial proportion of affected individuals remains non-demented despite AD pathology, raising questions about the underlying factors that determine the transition to clinical disease. Here, we emphasize the critical function of resilience and resistance factors, which we extend beyond the concept of cognitive reserve to include the glial, immune, and vascular system. We review the evidence and use the metaphor of "tipping points" to illustrate how gradually forming AD neuropathology in the preclinical stage can transition to dementia once adaptive functions of the glial, immune, and vascular system are lost and self-reinforcing pathological cascades are unleashed. Thus, we propose an expanded framework for pathomechanistic research that focuses on tipping points and non-neuronal resilience mechanisms, which may represent previously untapped therapeutic targets in preclinical AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Simons
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Johannes Levin
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Dichgans
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Banerjee G, Collinge J, Fox NC, Lashley T, Mead S, Schott JM, Werring DJ, Ryan NS. Clinical considerations in early-onset cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Brain 2023; 146:3991-4014. [PMID: 37280119 PMCID: PMC10545523 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is an important cerebral small vessel disease associated with brain haemorrhage and cognitive change. The commonest form, sporadic amyloid-β CAA, usually affects people in mid- to later life. However, early-onset forms, though uncommon, are increasingly recognized and may result from genetic or iatrogenic causes that warrant specific and focused investigation and management. In this review, we firstly describe the causes of early-onset CAA, including monogenic causes of amyloid-β CAA (APP missense mutations and copy number variants; mutations of PSEN1 and PSEN2) and non-amyloid-β CAA (associated with ITM2B, CST3, GSN, PRNP and TTR mutations), and other unusual sporadic and acquired causes including the newly-recognized iatrogenic subtype. We then provide a structured approach for investigating early-onset CAA, and highlight important management considerations. Improving awareness of these unusual forms of CAA amongst healthcare professionals is essential for facilitating their prompt diagnosis, and an understanding of their underlying pathophysiology may have implications for more common, late-onset, forms of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Banerjee
- MRC Prion Unit at University College London (UCL), Institute of Prion Diseases, UCL, London, W1W 7FF, UK
| | - John Collinge
- MRC Prion Unit at University College London (UCL), Institute of Prion Diseases, UCL, London, W1W 7FF, UK
| | - Nick C Fox
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Tammaryn Lashley
- The Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Clinical and Movement Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, W1 1PJ, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Simon Mead
- MRC Prion Unit at University College London (UCL), Institute of Prion Diseases, UCL, London, W1W 7FF, UK
| | - Jonathan M Schott
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - David J Werring
- Stroke Research Centre, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Natalie S Ryan
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zedde M, Grisendi I, Assenza F, Vandelli G, Napoli M, Moratti C, Lochner P, Seiffge DJ, Piazza F, Valzania F, Pascarella R. The Venular Side of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy: Proof of Concept of a Neglected Issue. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2663. [PMID: 37893037 PMCID: PMC10604278 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Small vessel diseases (SVD) is an umbrella term including several entities affecting small arteries, arterioles, capillaries, and venules in the brain. One of the most relevant and prevalent SVDs is cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), whose pathological hallmark is the deposition of amyloid fragments in the walls of small cortical and leptomeningeal vessels. CAA frequently coexists with Alzheimer's Disease (AD), and both are associated with cerebrovascular events, cognitive impairment, and dementia. CAA and AD share pathophysiological, histopathological and neuroimaging issues. The venular involvement in both diseases has been neglected, although both animal models and human histopathological studies found a deposition of amyloid beta in cortical venules. This review aimed to summarize the available information about venular involvement in CAA, starting from the biological level with the putative pathomechanisms of cerebral damage, passing through the definition of the peculiar angioarchitecture of the human cortex with the functional organization and consequences of cortical arteriolar and venular occlusion, and ending to the hypothesized links between cortical venular involvement and the main neuroimaging markers of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marialuisa Zedde
- Neurology Unit, Stroke Unit, AUSL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Grisendi
- Neurology Unit, Stroke Unit, AUSL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Federica Assenza
- Neurology Unit, Stroke Unit, AUSL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Gabriele Vandelli
- Neurology Unit, Stroke Unit, AUSL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Manuela Napoli
- Neuroradiology Unit, AUSL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Claudio Moratti
- Neuroradiology Unit, AUSL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Lochner
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany;
| | - David J. Seiffge
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Piazza
- CAA and AD Translational Research and Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy;
| | - Franco Valzania
- Neurology Unit, Stroke Unit, AUSL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Rosario Pascarella
- Neuroradiology Unit, AUSL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ruiz-Pablos M, Paiva B, Zabaleta A. Epstein-Barr virus-acquired immunodeficiency in myalgic encephalomyelitis-Is it present in long COVID? J Transl Med 2023; 21:633. [PMID: 37718435 PMCID: PMC10506247 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04515-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Both myalgic encephalomyelitis or chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and long COVID (LC) are characterized by similar immunological alterations, persistence of chronic viral infection, autoimmunity, chronic inflammatory state, viral reactivation, hypocortisolism, and microclot formation. They also present with similar symptoms such as asthenia, exercise intolerance, sleep disorders, cognitive dysfunction, and neurological and gastrointestinal complaints. In addition, both pathologies present Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation, indicating the possibility of this virus being the link between both pathologies. Therefore, we propose that latency and recurrent EBV reactivation could generate an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in three steps: first, an acquired EBV immunodeficiency develops in individuals with "weak" EBV HLA-II haplotypes, which prevents the control of latency I cells. Second, ectopic lymphoid structures with EBV latency form in different tissues (including the CNS), promoting inflammatory responses and further impairment of cell-mediated immunity. Finally, immune exhaustion occurs due to chronic exposure to viral antigens, with consolidation of the disease. In the case of LC, prior to the first step, there is the possibility of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection in individuals with "weak" HLA-II haplotypes against this virus and/or EBV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno Paiva
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Av. Pío XII 55, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Aintzane Zabaleta
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Av. Pío XII 55, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Naik S, Katariya R, Shelke S, Patravale V, Umekar M, Kotagale N, Taksande B. Nattokinase prevents β-amyloid peptide (Aβ 1-42) induced neuropsychiatric complications, neuroinflammation and BDNF signalling disruption in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 952:175821. [PMID: 37263404 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by abnormal accumulation of extracellular β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and neuronal damage. Although AD is typically considered a cognitive neurodegenerative disorder, almost all people diagnosed with AD develop neuropsychiatric complications at some stage in their life span. The present study investigated the effect of chronic Nattokinase (NK) administration on β-Amyloid peptide (Aβ1-42) induced neuropsychiatric conditions (depression-like behaviour, anxiety, and memory impairment) in mice. Aβ1-42 peptide injected mice demonstrated depression, anxiety, and impairment of cognitive abilities evaluated as increased immobility time in forced swim test (FST), decreased open arm time/entries in elevated plus maze (EPM) and reference and working memory error in radial arm maze (RAM) respectively with elevation in Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), reduction in Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) immunocontent within the hippocampus. Chronic administration of NK (50-100 mg/kg, i.p.) from day 8-27, prevented depression-like behaviour, anxiety, and memory impairment and normalized the neurochemical alteration within the hippocampus of mice injected with Aβ1-42 peptide. The effect of NK on psychiatric complications, learning, and memory was comparable to peripheral donepezil treatment. This study suggests that NK improves learning, memory impairment, and neuropsychiatric complications possibly through the downregulation of neuroinflammatory pathways and restoring BDNF signalling in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shivraj Naik
- Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Raj Katariya
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee, Nagpur, MS, 441 002, India
| | - Shraddha Shelke
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee, Nagpur, MS, 441 002, India
| | - Vandana Patravale
- Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Milind Umekar
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee, Nagpur, MS, 441 002, India
| | - Nandkishor Kotagale
- Government College of Pharmacy, Kathora Naka, VMV Road, Amravati, MS, 444604, India
| | - Brijesh Taksande
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee, Nagpur, MS, 441 002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wen T, Zhang Z. Cellular mechanisms of fibrin (ogen): insight from neurodegenerative diseases. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1197094. [PMID: 37529232 PMCID: PMC10390316 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1197094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are prevalent and currently incurable conditions that progressively impair cognitive, behavioral, and psychiatric functions of the central or peripheral nervous system. Fibrinogen, a macromolecular glycoprotein, plays a crucial role in the inflammatory response and tissue repair in the human body and interacts with various nervous system cells due to its unique molecular structure. Accumulating evidence suggests that fibrinogen deposits in the brains of patients with neurodegenerative diseases. By regulating pathophysiological mechanisms and signaling pathways, fibrinogen can exacerbate the neuro-pathological features of neurodegenerative diseases, while depletion of fibrinogen contributes to the amelioration of cognitive function impairment in patients. This review comprehensively summarizes the molecular mechanisms and biological functions of fibrinogen in central nervous system cells and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Vascular dementia, Huntington's disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Additionally, we discuss the potential of fibrinogen-related treatments in the management of neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
|
26
|
Kim S, Sharma C, Jung UJ, Kim SR. Pathophysiological Role of Microglial Activation Induced by Blood-Borne Proteins in Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051383. [PMID: 37239054 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) restricts entry of neurotoxic plasma components, blood cells, and pathogens into the brain, leading to proper neuronal functioning. BBB impairment leads to blood-borne protein infiltration such as prothrombin, thrombin, prothrombin kringle-2, fibrinogen, fibrin, and other harmful substances. Thus, microglial activation and release of pro-inflammatory mediators commence, resulting in neuronal damage and leading to impaired cognition via neuroinflammatory responses, which are important features observed in the brain of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Moreover, these blood-borne proteins cluster with the amyloid beta plaque in the brain, exacerbating microglial activation, neuroinflammation, tau phosphorylation, and oxidative stress. These mechanisms work in concert and reinforce each other, contributing to the typical pathological changes in AD in the brain. Therefore, the identification of blood-borne proteins and the mechanisms involved in microglial activation and neuroinflammatory damage can be a promising therapeutic strategy for AD prevention. In this article, we review the current knowledge regarding the mechanisms of microglial activation-mediated neuroinflammation caused by the influx of blood-borne proteins into the brain via BBB disruption. Subsequently, the mechanisms of drugs that inhibit blood-borne proteins, as a potential therapeutic approach for AD, along with the limitations and potential challenges of these approaches, are also summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sehwan Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanchal Sharma
- School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Un Ju Jung
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ryong Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhukov O, He C, Soylu-Kucharz R, Cai C, Lauritzen AD, Aldana BI, Björkqvist M, Lauritzen M, Kucharz K. Preserved blood-brain barrier and neurovascular coupling in female 5xFAD model of Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1089005. [PMID: 37261266 PMCID: PMC10228387 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1089005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dysfunction of the cerebral vasculature is considered one of the key components of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the mechanisms affecting individual brain vessels are poorly understood. Methods Here, using in vivo two-photon microscopy in superficial cortical layers and ex vivo imaging across brain regions, we characterized blood-brain barrier (BBB) function and neurovascular coupling (NVC) at the level of individual brain vessels in adult female 5xFAD mice, an aggressive amyloid-β (Aβ) model of AD. Results We report a lack of abnormal increase in adsorptive-mediated transcytosis of albumin and preserved paracellular barrier for fibrinogen and small molecules despite an extensive load of Aβ. Likewise, the NVC responses to somatosensory stimulation were preserved at all regulatory segments of the microvasculature: penetrating arterioles, precapillary sphincters, and capillaries. Lastly, the Aβ plaques did not affect the density of capillary pericytes. Conclusion Our findings provide direct evidence of preserved microvascular function in the 5xFAD mice and highlight the critical dependence of the experimental outcomes on the choice of preclinical models of AD. We propose that the presence of parenchymal Aβ does not warrant BBB and NVC dysfunction and that the generalized view that microvascular impairment is inherent to Aβ aggregation may need to be revised.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Zhukov
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chen He
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rana Soylu-Kucharz
- Biomarkers in Brain Disease, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Changsi Cai
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Blanca Irene Aldana
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Björkqvist
- Biomarkers in Brain Disease, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Lauritzen
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Krzysztof Kucharz
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Badimon A, Torrente D, Norris EH. Vascular Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease: Alterations in the Plasma Contact and Fibrinolytic Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7046. [PMID: 37108211 PMCID: PMC10138543 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, affecting millions of people worldwide. The classical hallmarks of AD include extracellular beta-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tau tangles, although they are often accompanied by various vascular defects. These changes include damage to the vasculature, a decrease in cerebral blood flow, and accumulation of Aβ along vessels, among others. Vascular dysfunction begins early in disease pathogenesis and may contribute to disease progression and cognitive dysfunction. In addition, patients with AD exhibit alterations in the plasma contact system and the fibrinolytic system, two pathways in the blood that regulate clotting and inflammation. Here, we explain the clinical manifestations of vascular deficits in AD. Further, we describe how changes in plasma contact activation and the fibrinolytic system may contribute to vascular dysfunction, inflammation, coagulation, and cognitive impairment in AD. Given this evidence, we propose novel therapies that may, alone or in combination, ameliorate AD progression in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Erin H. Norris
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sulimai N, Brown J, Lominadze D. Vascular Effects on Cerebrovascular Permeability and Neurodegeneration. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13040648. [PMID: 37189395 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons and glial cells in the brain are protected by the blood brain barrier (BBB). The local regulation of blood flow is determined by neurons and signal conducting cells called astrocytes. Although alterations in neurons and glial cells affect the function of neurons, the majority of effects are coming from other cells and organs of the body. Although it seems obvious that effects beginning in brain vasculature would play an important role in the development of various neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative pathologies, significant interest has only been directed to the possible mechanisms involved in the development of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) for the last decade. Presently, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke applies considerable attention toward research related to VCID and vascular impairments during Alzheimer's disease. Thus, any changes in cerebral vessels, such as in blood flow, thrombogenesis, permeability, or others, which affect the proper vasculo-neuronal connection and interaction and result in neuronal degeneration that leads to memory decline should be considered as a subject of investigation under the VCID category. Out of several vascular effects that can trigger neurodegeneration, changes in cerebrovascular permeability seem to result in the most devastating effects. The present review emphasizes the importance of changes in the BBB and possible mechanisms primarily involving fibrinogen in the development and/or progression of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases resulting in memory decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Sulimai
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jason Brown
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - David Lominadze
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, College of Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Qiu W, Liu H, Liu Y, Lu X, Wang L, Hu Y, Feng F, Li Q, Sun H. Regulation of beta-amyloid for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: Research progress of therapeutic strategies and bioactive compounds. Med Res Rev 2023. [PMID: 36945751 DOI: 10.1002/med.21947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that is difficult to treat. Extracellular amyloid is the principal pathological criterion for the diagnosis of AD. Amyloid β (Aβ) interacts with various receptor molecules on the plasma membrane and mediates a series of signaling pathways that play a vital role in the occurrence and development of AD. Research on receptors that interact with Aβ is currently ongoing. Overall, there are no effective medications to treat AD. In this review, we first discuss the importance of Aβ in the pathogenesis of AD, then summarize the latest progress of Aβ-related targets and compounds. Finally, we put forward the challenges and opportunities in the development of effective AD therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Qiu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yijun Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanyu Hu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceuticals Science College, Institute of Food and Pharmaceuticals Research, Jiangsu, Huaian, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Haopeng Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Berk-Rauch HE, Choudhury A, Richards AT, Singh PK, Chen ZL, Norris EH, Strickland S, Ahn HJ. Striatal fibrinogen extravasation and vascular degeneration correlate with motor dysfunction in an aging mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1064178. [PMID: 36967821 PMCID: PMC10034037 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1064178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) patients exhibit signs of motor dysfunction, including gait, locomotion, and balance deficits. Changes in motor function often precede other symptoms of AD as well as correlate with increased severity and mortality. Despite the frequent occurrence of motor dysfunction in AD patients, little is known about the mechanisms by which this behavior is altered.Methods and Results: In the present study, we investigated the relationship between cerebrovascular impairment and motor dysfunction in a mouse model of AD (Tg6799). We found an age-dependent increase of extravasated fibrinogen deposits in the cortex and striatum of AD mice. Interestingly, there was significantly decreased cerebrovascular density in the striatum of the 15-month-old as compared to 7-month-old AD mice. We also found significant demyelination and axonal damage in the striatum of aged AD mice. We analyzed striatum-related motor function and anxiety levels of AD mice at both ages and found that aged AD mice exhibited significant impairment of motor function but not in the younger AD mice.Discussion: Our finding suggests an enticing correlation between extravasated fibrinogen, cerebrovascular damage of the striatum, and motor dysfunction in an AD mouse model, suggesting a possible mechanism underlying motor dysfunction in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna E. Berk-Rauch
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Arnab Choudhury
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neurosciences, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Allison T. Richards
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Pradeep K. Singh
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Zu-Lin Chen
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Erin H. Norris
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sidney Strickland
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hyung Jin Ahn
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neurosciences, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
- Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- *Correspondence: Hyung Jin Ahn,
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Fang C, Lau WL, Sun J, Chang R, Vallejo A, Lee D, Liu J, Liu H, Hung YH, Zhao Y, Paganini-Hill A, Sumbria RK, Cribbs DH, Fisher M. Chronic kidney disease promotes cerebral microhemorrhage formation. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:51. [PMID: 36841828 PMCID: PMC9960195 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02703-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasingly recognized as a stroke risk factor, but its exact relationship with cerebrovascular disease is not well-understood. We investigated the development of cerebral small vessel disease using in vivo and in vitro models of CKD. METHODS CKD was produced in aged C57BL/6J mice using an adenine-induced tubulointerstitial nephritis model. We analyzed brain histology using Prussian blue staining to examine formation of cerebral microhemorrhage (CMH), the hemorrhagic component of small vessel disease and the neuropathological substrate of MRI-demonstrable cerebral microbleeds. In cell culture studies, we examined effects of serum from healthy or CKD patients and gut-derived uremic toxins on brain microvascular endothelial barrier. RESULTS CKD was induced in aged C57BL/6J mice with significant increases in both serum creatinine and cystatin C levels (p < 0.0001) without elevation of systolic or diastolic blood pressure. CMH was significantly increased and positively correlated with serum creatinine level (Spearman r = 0.37, p < 0.01). Moreover, CKD significantly increased Iba-1-positive immunoreactivity by 51% (p < 0.001), induced a phenotypic switch from resting to activated microglia, and enhanced fibrinogen extravasation across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by 34% (p < 0.05). On analysis stratified by sex, the increase in CMH number was more pronounced in male mice and this correlated with greater creatinine elevation in male compared with female mice. Microglial depletion with PLX3397 diet significantly decreased CMH formation in CKD mice without affecting serum creatinine levels. Incubation of CKD serum significantly reduced transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) (p < 0.01) and increased sodium fluorescein permeability (p < 0.05) across the endothelial monolayer. Uremic toxins (i.e., indoxyl sulfate, p-cresyl sulfate, and trimethylamine-N-oxide) in combination with urea and lipopolysaccharide induced a marked drop in TEER compared with the control group (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS CKD promotes the development of CMH in aged mice independent of blood pressure but directly proportional to the degree of renal impairment. These effects of CKD are likely mediated in part by microglia and are associated with BBB impairment. The latter is likely related to gut-derived bacteria-dependent toxins classically associated with CKD. Overall, these findings demonstrate an important role of CKD in the development of cerebral small vessel disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuo Fang
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Wei Ling Lau
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jiahong Sun
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Rudy Chang
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Adrian Vallejo
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Donghy Lee
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jihua Liu
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Yu-Han Hung
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Yitong Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Rachita K Sumbria
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - David H Cribbs
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Mark Fisher
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, UC Irvine Medical Center, 101 The City Drive South, Shanbrom Hall (Building 55), Room 121, Orange, CA, 92868, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kisler K, Sagare AP, Lazic D, Bazzi S, Lawson E, Hsu CJ, Wang Y, Ramanathan A, Nelson AR, Zhao Z, Zlokovic BV. Anti-malaria drug artesunate prevents development of amyloid-β pathology in mice by upregulating PICALM at the blood-brain barrier. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:7. [PMID: 36707892 PMCID: PMC9883925 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00597-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PICALM is one of the most significant susceptibility factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD). In humans and mice, PICALM is highly expressed in brain endothelium. PICALM endothelial levels are reduced in AD brains. PICALM controls several steps in Aβ transcytosis across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Its loss from brain endothelium in mice diminishes Aβ clearance at the BBB, which worsens Aβ pathology, but is reversible by endothelial PICALM re-expression. Thus, increasing PICALM at the BBB holds potential to slow down development of Aβ pathology. METHODS To identify a drug that could increase PICALM expression, we screened a library of 2007 FDA-approved drugs in HEK293t cells expressing luciferase driven by a human PICALM promoter, followed by a secondary mRNA screen in human Eahy926 endothelial cell line. In vivo studies with the lead hit were carried out in Picalm-deficient (Picalm+/-) mice, Picalm+/-; 5XFAD mice and Picalmlox/lox; Cdh5-Cre; 5XFAD mice with endothelial-specific Picalm knockout. We studied PICALM expression at the BBB, Aβ pathology and clearance from brain to blood, cerebral blood flow (CBF) responses, BBB integrity and behavior. RESULTS Our screen identified anti-malaria drug artesunate as the lead hit. Artesunate elevated PICALM mRNA and protein levels in Eahy926 endothelial cells and in vivo in brain capillaries of Picalm+/- mice by 2-3-fold. Artesunate treatment (32 mg/kg/day for 2 months) of 3-month old Picalm+/-; 5XFAD mice compared to vehicle increased brain capillary PICALM levels by 2-fold, and reduced Aβ42 and Aβ40 levels and Aβ and thioflavin S-load in the cortex and hippocampus, and vascular Aβ load by 34-51%. Artesunate also increased circulating Aβ42 and Aβ40 levels by 2-fold confirming accelerated Aβ clearance from brain to blood. Consistent with reduced Aβ pathology, treatment of Picalm+/-; 5XFAD mice with artesunate improved CBF responses, BBB integrity and behavior on novel object location and recognition, burrowing and nesting. Endothelial-specific knockout of PICALM abolished all beneficial effects of artesunate in 5XFAD mice indicating that endothelial PICALM is required for its therapeutic effects. CONCLUSIONS Artesunate increases PICALM levels and Aβ clearance at the BBB which prevents development of Aβ pathology and functional deficits in mice and holds potential for translation to human AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kassandra Kisler
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience and the Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 1501 San Pablo St, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Abhay P. Sagare
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience and the Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 1501 San Pablo St, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Divna Lazic
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience and the Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 1501 San Pablo St, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Sam Bazzi
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience and the Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 1501 San Pablo St, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Erica Lawson
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience and the Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 1501 San Pablo St, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Ching-Ju Hsu
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience and the Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 1501 San Pablo St, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Yaoming Wang
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience and the Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 1501 San Pablo St, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Anita Ramanathan
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience and the Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 1501 San Pablo St, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Amy R. Nelson
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience and the Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 1501 San Pablo St, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience and the Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 1501 San Pablo St, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Berislav V. Zlokovic
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience and the Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 1501 San Pablo St, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
McLarnon JG. Glial-derived Neuroinflammation induced with Amyloid-beta-peptide Plus Fibrinogen Injection in Rat Hippocampus. Curr Alzheimer Res 2023; 20:515-522. [PMID: 37702232 DOI: 10.2174/1567205020666230912113501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study has examined microglial and astrocyte activation in association with neuronal degeneration in an animal model using an injection of amyloid-beta peptide Aβ1-42 (Aβ42) plus fibrinogen into rat hippocampus. METHODS The combination of stimuli is suggested as a novel and potent perturbation to induce gliosis and the production of glial-derived neurotoxic factors in an animal model exhibiting a leaky BBB (blood-brain barrier). Specifically, Aβ42 + fibrinogen stimulation elevated levels of COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) and iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) with a considerable extent of neuronal loss associated with microglia and astrocyte activation. RESULTS Treatment of injected rats with the broad spectrum anti-inflammatory agent, minocycline or the iNOS inhibitor, 1400 W inhibited gliosis, reduced levels of COX-2 and iNOS, and demonstrated efficacy for neuroprotection. CONCLUSION The findings suggest the utility of combining amyloid beta peptide plus fibrinogen as a potent and understudied neuroinflammatory stimulus for the induction of glial-derived neurotoxic factors in BBB-compromised AD brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James G McLarnon
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, 2176 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
An Insight into Platelets at Older Age: Cellular and Clinical Perspectives. Subcell Biochem 2023; 102:343-363. [PMID: 36600139 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-21410-3_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Higher access to medical care, advanced diagnostic tools, and overall public health improvements have favored increased humans lifespan. With a growing proportion of older adults, the associated costs to care for ageing-associated conditions will continue to grow. This chapter highlights recent cellular and clinical evidence of platelets at an older age, from the hyperreactive phenotype associated with thrombosis to the well-known hallmarks of ageing identifiable in platelets and their potential functional implications on platelets at an older age. Therefore, it is imperative to understand platelets' molecular and cellular mechanisms during ageing in health and disease. New knowledge will favor the development of new ways to prevent some of the age-associated complications where platelets are key players.
Collapse
|
36
|
Vellecco V, Saviano A, Raucci F, Casillo GM, Mansour AA, Panza E, Mitidieri E, Femminella GD, Ferrara N, Cirino G, Sorrentino R, Iqbal AJ, d'Emmanuele di Villa Bianca R, Bucci M, Maione F. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) triggers systemic inflammation, peripheral vascular dysfunction, and related prothrombotic state in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106595. [PMID: 36470548 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent forms of neurodegenerative disorders. Previously, we have shown that in vivo administration of an IL-17 neutralizing antibody (IL-17Ab) rescues amyloid-β-induced neuro-inflammation and memory impairment, demonstrating the pivotal role of IL-17 in AD-derived cognitive deficit. Recently, AD has been recognized as a more intriguing pathology affecting vascular networks and platelet function. However, not much is known about peripheral vascular inflammation and how pro-inflammatory circulating cells/mediators could affect peripheral vessels' function. This study aimed to evaluate whether IL-17Ab treatment could also impact peripheral AD features, such as systemic inflammation, peripheral vascular dysfunction, and related pro-thrombotic state in a non-genetic mouse model of AD. Mice were injected intracerebroventricularly with Aβ1-42 peptide (3 μg/3 μl). To evaluate the systemic/peripheral protective profile of IL-17Ab, we used an intranasal administration of IL-17Ab (1 μg/10 μl) at 5, 12, and 19 days after Aβ1-42 injection. Circulating Th17/Treg cells and related cyto-chemokines, haematological parameters, vascular/endothelial reactivity, platelets and coagulation function in mice were evaluated. IL-17Ab treatment ameliorates the systemic/peripheral inflammation, immunological perturbance, vascular/endothelial impairment and pro-thrombotic state, suggesting a key role for this cytokine in fostering inflammatory processes that characterize the multifaced aspects of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Vellecco
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Anella Saviano
- ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Federica Raucci
- ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Gian Marco Casillo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Adel Abo Mansour
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Elisabetta Panza
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Emma Mitidieri
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Grazia Daniela Femminella
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Nicola Ferrara
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; Istituti Clinici Scientifici ICS-Maugeri, Telese Terme, BN, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Cirino
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Raffaella Sorrentino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, School of Medicine, University of Naples, Federico II, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Asif Jilani Iqbal
- ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | | | - Mariarosaria Bucci
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Francesco Maione
- ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Bian Z, Hu X, Liu X, Yu H, Bian Y, Sun H, Fukui Y, Morihara R, Ishiura H, Yamashita T. Protective Effects of Rivaroxaban on White Matter Integrity and Remyelination in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease Combined with Cerebral Hypoperfusion. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 96:609-622. [PMID: 37840489 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by cognitive dysfunction and memory loss that is accompanied by pathological changes to white matter. Some clinical and animal research revealed that AD combined with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) exacerbates AD progression by inducing blood-brain barrier dysfunction and fibrinogen deposition. Rivaroxaban, an anticoagulant, has been shown to reduce the rates of dementia in atrial fibrillation patients, but its effects on white matter and the underlying mechanisms are unclear. OBJECTIVE The main purpose of this study was to explore the therapeutic effect of rivaroxaban on the white matter of AD+CCH mice. METHODS In this study, the therapeutic effects of rivaroxaban on white matter in a mouse AD+CCH model were investigated to explore the potential mechanisms involving fibrinogen deposition, inflammation, and oxidative stress on remyelination in white matter. RESULTS The results indicate that rivaroxaban significantly attenuated fibrinogen deposition, fibrinogen-related microglia activation, oxidative stress, and enhanced demyelination in AD+CCH mice, leading to improved white matter integrity, reduced axonal damage, and restored myelin loss. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that long-term administration of rivaroxaban might reduce the risk of dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Bian
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Xinran Hu
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibo Yu
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuting Bian
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hongming Sun
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yusuke Fukui
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ryuta Morihara
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ishiura
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toru Yamashita
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Merlini M, Sozmen EG, Subramanian KS, Nana AL, Seeley WW, Akassoglou K. Three-Dimensional Imaging of Fibrinogen and Neurovascular Alterations in Alzheimer's Disease. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2561:87-101. [PMID: 36399266 PMCID: PMC11243589 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2655-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular dysfunction is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) that is linked to cognitive decline. However, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption in AD is focal and requires sensitive methods to detect extravasated blood proteins and vasculature in large brain volumes. Fibrinogen, a blood coagulation factor, is deposited in AD brains at sites of BBB disruption and cerebrovascular damage. This chapter presents the methodology of fibrinogen immunolabeling-enabled three-dimensional (3D) imaging of solvent-cleared organs (iDISCO) which, when combined with immunolabeling of amyloid β (Aβ) and vasculature, enables sensitive detection of focal BBB vascular abnormalities, and reveals the spatial distribution of Aβ plaques and fibrin deposits, in large tissue volumes from cleared human brains. Overall, fibrinogen iDISCO enables the investigation of neurovascular and neuroimmune mechanisms driving neurodegeneration in disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Merlini
- Gladstone UCSF Center for Neurovascular Brain Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elif G Sozmen
- Gladstone UCSF Center for Neurovascular Brain Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute of Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Alissa L Nana
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute of Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William W Seeley
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute of Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Katerina Akassoglou
- Gladstone UCSF Center for Neurovascular Brain Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute of Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kantor AB, Akassoglou K, Stavenhagen JB. Fibrin-Targeting Immunotherapy for Dementia. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2023; 10:647-660. [PMID: 37874085 PMCID: PMC11227370 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2023.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption is an early event in the development of Alzheimer's disease. It precedes extracellular deposition of amyloid-β in senile plaques and blood vessel walls, the intracellular accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles containing phosphorylated tau protein, microglial activation, and neuronal cell death. BBB disruption allows the coagulation protein fibrinogen to leak from the blood into the brain, where it is converted by thrombin cleavage into fibrin and deposits in the parenchyma and CNS vessels. Fibrinogen cleavage by thrombin exposes a cryptic epitope termed P2 which can bind CD11b and CD11c on microglia, macrophages and dendritic cells and trigger an inflammatory response toxic to neurons. Indeed, genetic and pharmacological evidence demonstrates a causal role for fibrin in innate immune cell activation and the development of neurodegenerative diseases. The P2 inflammatory epitope is spatially and compositionally distinct from the coagulation epitope on fibrin. Mouse monoclonal antibody 5B8, which targets the P2 epitope without interfering with the clotting process, has been shown to reduce neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation in animal models of Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis. The selectivity and efficacy of this anti-human fibrin-P2 antibody in animal models supports the development of a monoclonal antibody drug targeting fibrin P2 for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. THN391 is a humanized, affinity-matured antibody which has a 100-fold greater affinity for fibrin P2 and improved development properties compared to the parental 5B8 antibody. It is currently in a Phase 1 clinical trial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A B Kantor
- Jeffrey Stavenhagen, PhD, Therini Bio, Inc, Sacramento, CA, USA,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Chachaj A, Gąsiorowski K, Szuba A, Sieradzki A, Leszek J. The Lymphatic System In The Brain Clearance Mechanisms - New Therapeutic Perspectives For Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:380-391. [PMID: 35410605 PMCID: PMC10190136 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220411091332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide. Pathological deposits of neurotoxic proteins within the brain, such as amyloid-ß and hyperphosphorylated tau tangles, are the prominent features in AD. According to recent studies, the newly discovered brain lymphatic system was demonstrated to be crucial in the clearance of metabolic macromolecules from the brain. Meningeal lymphatic vessels located in the dura mater drain the fluid, macromolecules, and immune cells from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and transport them, as lymph, to the deep cervical lymph nodes. The lymphatic system provides the perivascular exchange of CSF with interstitial fluid (ISF) and ensures the homeostasis of neuronal interstitial space. In this review, we aim to summarize recent findings on the role of the lymphatic system in AD pathophysiology and discuss possible therapeutic perspectives, targeting the lymphatic clearance mechanisms within the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Chachaj
- Department of Angiology, Hypertension and Diabetology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Szuba
- Department of Angiology, Hypertension and Diabetology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Adrian Sieradzki
- Department of Nervous System Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Leszek
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Barisano G, Kisler K, Wilkinson B, Nikolakopoulou AM, Sagare AP, Wang Y, Gilliam W, Huuskonen MT, Hung ST, Ichida JK, Gao F, Coba MP, Zlokovic BV. A "multi-omics" analysis of blood-brain barrier and synaptic dysfunction in APOE4 mice. J Exp Med 2022; 219:e20221137. [PMID: 36040482 PMCID: PMC9435921 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4), the main susceptibility gene for Alzheimer's disease, leads to blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown in humans and mice. Remarkably, BBB dysfunction predicts cognitive decline and precedes synaptic deficits in APOE4 human carriers. How APOE4 affects BBB and synaptic function at a molecular level, however, remains elusive. Using single-nucleus RNA-sequencing and phosphoproteome and proteome analysis, we show that APOE4 compared with APOE3 leads to an early disruption of the BBB transcriptome in 2-3-mo-old APOE4 knock-in mice, followed by dysregulation in protein signaling networks controlling cell junctions, cytoskeleton, clathrin-mediated transport, and translation in brain endothelium, as well as transcription and RNA splicing suggestive of DNA damage in pericytes. Changes in BBB signaling mechanisms paralleled an early, progressive BBB breakdown and loss of pericytes, which preceded postsynaptic interactome disruption and behavioral deficits that developed 2-5 mo later. Thus, dysregulated signaling mechanisms in endothelium and pericytes in APOE4 mice reflect a molecular signature of a progressive BBB failure preceding changes in synaptic function and behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Barisano
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kassandra Kisler
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Brent Wilkinson
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Angeliki Maria Nikolakopoulou
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Abhay P. Sagare
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Yaoming Wang
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - William Gilliam
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mikko T. Huuskonen
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Shu-Ting Hung
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Justin K. Ichida
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Fan Gao
- Caltech Bioinformatics Resource Center, Caltech, Pasadena, CA
| | - Marcelo P. Coba
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Berislav V. Zlokovic
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Liu C, Li Y, Nwosu A, Ang TFA, Liu Y, Devine S, Au R, Doraiswamy PM. Sex-specific biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease progression: Framingham Heart Study. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 14:e12369. [PMID: 36348973 PMCID: PMC9633867 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Sex differences in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are not well understood. Methods We performed sex-specific analyses of AD and annualized cognitive decline with clinical and blood biomarker data in participants 60+ years old in the community-based longitudinal Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort (n = 1398, mean age 68 years, 55% women). Results During 11 years of follow-up, women were 96% more likely than men to be diagnosed with clinical AD dementia after adjusting for age and education in the younger age group 60 to 70 years (n = 946; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08 to 3.56) although not in the older age group (70+) (n = 452; hazard ratio = 0.98; 95% CI, 0.68 to 1.53). Sex-differences in incident AD rates decreased with increasing levels of education. The total contribution of the biomarkers to AD risk variance was 7.6% in women and 11.7% in men. One unit (pg/ml) lower plasma Aβ42 was associated with 0.0095 unit faster memory decline in women (p = 0.0002) but not in men (p = 0.55) after adjusting for age and education. Discussion Our study suggests that both early life and later-life pathological factors may contribute to potential sex differences in incident AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Liu
- Department of BiostatisticsBoston University School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Framingham Heart StudyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Yi Li
- Department of BiostatisticsBoston University School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Adaora Nwosu
- Departments of Psychiatry and MedicineNeurocognitive Disorders ProgramDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Ting Fang Alvin Ang
- Framingham Heart StudyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Yulin Liu
- Framingham Heart StudyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Sherral Devine
- Framingham Heart StudyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Rhoda Au
- Framingham Heart StudyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of NeurologyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of EpidemiologyBoston University School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - P. Murali Doraiswamy
- Departments of Psychiatry and MedicineNeurocognitive Disorders ProgramDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhao Z, He J, Chen Y, Wang Y, Wang C, Tan C, Liao J, Xiao G. The pathogenesis of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus based on the understanding of AQP1 and AQP4. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:952036. [PMID: 36204139 PMCID: PMC9530743 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.952036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a neurological disorder without a recognized cause. Aquaporins (AQPs) are transmembrane channels that carry water through cell membranes and are critical for cerebrospinal fluid circulation and cerebral water balance. The function of AQPs in developing and maintaining hydrocephalus should be studied in greater detail as a possible diagnostic and therapeutic tool. Recent research indicates that patients with iNPH exhibited high levels of aquaporin 1 and low levels of aquaporin 4 expression, suggesting that these AQPs are essential in iNPH pathogenesis. To determine the source of iNPH and diagnose and treat it, it is necessary to examine and appreciate their function in the genesis and maintenance of hydrocephalus. The expression, function, and regulation of AQPs in iNPH are reviewed in this article, in order to provide fresh targets and suggestions for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Hydrocephalus, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian He
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yibing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Hydrocephalus, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuchang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Hydrocephalus, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chuansen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Hydrocephalus, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Changwu Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Hydrocephalus, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Junbo Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Hydrocephalus, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gelei Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Hydrocephalus, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Gelei Xiao
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kell DB, Pretorius E. The potential role of ischaemia-reperfusion injury in chronic, relapsing diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Long COVID, and ME/CFS: evidence, mechanisms, and therapeutic implications. Biochem J 2022; 479:1653-1708. [PMID: 36043493 PMCID: PMC9484810 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ischaemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury, initiated via bursts of reactive oxygen species produced during the reoxygenation phase following hypoxia, is well known in a variety of acute circumstances. We argue here that I-R injury also underpins elements of the pathology of a variety of chronic, inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, ME/CFS and, our chief focus and most proximally, Long COVID. Ischaemia may be initiated via fibrin amyloid microclot blockage of capillaries, for instance as exercise is started; reperfusion is a necessary corollary when it finishes. We rehearse the mechanistic evidence for these occurrences here, in terms of their manifestation as oxidative stress, hyperinflammation, mast cell activation, the production of marker metabolites and related activities. Such microclot-based phenomena can explain both the breathlessness/fatigue and the post-exertional malaise that may be observed in these conditions, as well as many other observables. The recognition of these processes implies, mechanistically, that therapeutic benefit is potentially to be had from antioxidants, from anti-inflammatories, from iron chelators, and via suitable, safe fibrinolytics, and/or anti-clotting agents. We review the considerable existing evidence that is consistent with this, and with the biochemical mechanisms involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B. Kell
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 200, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland 7602, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Li TR, Liu FQ. β-Amyloid promotes platelet activation and activated platelets act as bridge between risk factors and Alzheimer's disease. Mech Ageing Dev 2022; 207:111725. [PMID: 35995275 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an evolving challenge that places an enormous burden on families and society. The presence of obvious brain β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition is a premise to diagnose AD, which induces the subsequent tau hyperphosphorylation and neurodegeneration. Platelets are the primary source of circulating amyloid precursor protein (APP). Upon activation, they can secrete significant amounts of Aβ into the blood, which can be actively transported to the brain across the blood-brain barrier and promote amyloid deposition. In this review, we summarized the changes in the platelet APP metabolic pathway in patients with AD and further comprehensively explored the targets and downstream events of Aβ-activated platelets. In addition, we attempted to clarify whether patients with AD are in a state of general platelet activation, with inconsistent results. Considering the increasingly evident bidirectional relationship between AD and vascular events, we speculate that the AD pathology alone seems to be insufficient to induce the general activation of platelets; however, the intervention of third-party factors, such as atherosclerosis, exposes the extracellular matrix and leads to platelet activation, further promoting AD progression. Therefore, we proposed a framework in which the relationship between platelets and AD is indirect and mediated by vascular factors. Therapies targeting platelets and interventions for vascular risk factors are likely to contribute to the prevention and treatment of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao-Ran Li
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Feng-Qi Liu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Piccarducci R, Caselli MC, Zappelli E, Ulivi L, Daniele S, Siciliano G, Ceravolo R, Mancuso M, Baldacci F, Martini C. The Role of Amyloid-β, Tau, and α-Synuclein Proteins as Putative Blood Biomarkers in Patients with Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 89:1039-1049. [PMID: 35964181 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a cerebrovascular disorder characterized by the deposition of amyloid-β protein (Aβ) within brain blood vessels that develops in elderly people and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Therefore, the investigation of biomarkers able to differentiate CAA patients from AD patients and healthy controls (HC) is of great interest, in particular in peripheral fluids. OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to detect the neurodegenerative disease (ND)-related protein (i.e., Aβ 1 - 40, Aβ 1 - 42, tau, and α-synuclein) levels in both red blood cells (RBCs) and plasma of CAA patients and HC, evaluating their role as putative peripheral biomarkers for CAA. METHODS For this purpose, the proteins' concentration was quantified in RBCs and plasma by homemade immunoenzymatic assays in an exploratory cohort of 20 CAA patients and 20 HC. RESULTS The results highlighted a significant increase of Aβ 1 - 40 and α-synuclein concentrations in both RBCs and plasma of CAA patients, while higher Aβ 1 - 42 and t-tau levels were detected only in RBCs of CAA individuals compared to HC. Moreover, Aβ 1 - 42/Aβ 1 - 40 ratio increased in RBCs and decreased in plasma of CAA patients. The role of these proteins as candidate peripheral biomarkers easily measurable with a blood sample in CAA needs to be confirmed in larger studies. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we provide evidence concerning the possible use of blood biomarkers for contributing to CAA diagnosis and differentiation from other NDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Chiara Caselli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Leonardo Ulivi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Gabriele Siciliano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Ceravolo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Mancuso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Baldacci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Grossmann K. Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs) for Therapeutic Targeting of Thrombin, a Key Mediator of Cerebrovascular and Neuronal Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1890. [PMID: 36009437 PMCID: PMC9405823 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although preclinical research and observer studies on patients with atrial fibrillation concluded that direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) can protect against dementia like Alzheimer's disease (AD), clinical investigation towards therapeutical approval is still pending. DOACs target pathological thrombin, which is, like toxic tau and amyloid-ß proteins (Aß), an early hallmark of AD. Especially in hippocampal and neocortical areas, the release of parenchymal Aß into the blood induces thrombin and proinflammatory bradykinin synthesis by activating factor XII of the contact system. Thrombin promotes platelet aggregation and catalyzes conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin, leading to degradation-resistant, Aß-containing fibrin clots. Together with oligomeric Aß, these clots trigger vessel constriction and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) with vessel occlusion and hemorrhages, leading to vascular and blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction. As consequences, brain blood flow, perfusion, and supply with oxygen (hypoxia) and nutrients decrease. In parenchymal tissue, hypoxia stimulates Aß synthesis, leading to Aß accumulation, which is further enhanced by BBB-impaired perivascular Aß clearance. Aß trigger neuronal damage and promote tau pathologies. BBB dysfunction enables thrombin and fibrin(ogen) to migrate into parenchymal tissue and to activate glial cells. Inflammation and continued Aß production are the results. Synapses and neurons die, and cognitive abilities are lost. DOACs block thrombin by inhibiting its activity (dabigatran) or production (FXa-inhibitors, e.g., apixaban, rivaroxaban). Therefore, DOAC use could preserve vascular integrity and brain perfusion and, thereby, could counteract vascular-driven neuronal and cognitive decline in AD. A conception for clinical investigation is presented, focused on DOAC treatment of patients with diagnosed AD in early-stage and low risk of major bleeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Grossmann
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Chen SM, Tang XQ. Homocysteinylation and Sulfhydration in Diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1726-1735. [PMID: 34951391 PMCID: PMC9881069 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666211223125448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is an important intermediate in methionine metabolism and generation of one-carbon units, and its dysfunction is associated with many pathological states. Although Hcy is a non-protein amino acid, many studies have demonstrated protein-related homocysteine metabolism and possible mechanisms underlying homocysteinylation. Homocysteinylated proteins lose their original biological function and have a negative effect on the various disease phenotypes. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been recognized as an important gaseous signaling molecule with mounting physiological properties. H2S modifies small molecules and proteins via sulfhydration, which is supposed to be essential in the regulation of biological functions and signal transduction in human health and disorders. This review briefly introduces Hcy and H2S, further discusses pathophysiological consequences of homocysteine modification and sulfhydryl modification, and ultimately makes a prediction that H2S might exert a protective effect on the toxicity of homocysteinylation of target protein via sulfhydration. The highlighted information here yields new insights into the role of protein modification by Hcy and H2S in diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si-Min Chen
- Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Department of Emergency, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, Hunan, P.R. China; ,The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neurology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, P.R. China; ,Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Qing Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neurology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, P.R. China; ,Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, P.R. China,Address correspondence to this author at the The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neurology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China 69 Chuanshan Road, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, P.R. China; E-mails: ;
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Liu CC, Zhao J, Fu Y, Inoue Y, Ren Y, Chen Y, Doss SV, Shue F, Jeevaratnam S, Bastea L, Wang N, Martens YA, Qiao W, Wang M, Zhao N, Jia L, Yamazaki Y, Yamazaki A, Rosenberg CL, Wang Z, Kong D, Li Z, Kuchenbecker LA, Trottier ZA, Felton L, Rogers J, Quicksall ZS, Linares C, Knight J, Chen Y, Kurti A, Kanekiyo T, Fryer JD, Asmann YW, Storz P, Wang X, Peng J, Zhang B, Kim BYS, Bu G. Peripheral apoE4 enhances Alzheimer's pathology and impairs cognition by compromising cerebrovascular function. Nat Neurosci 2022; 25:1020-1033. [PMID: 35915180 PMCID: PMC10009873 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01127-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene, a genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, is abundantly expressed in both the brain and periphery. Here, we present evidence that peripheral apoE isoforms, separated from those in the brain by the blood-brain barrier, differentially impact Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and cognition. To evaluate the function of peripheral apoE, we developed conditional mouse models expressing human APOE3 or APOE4 in the liver with no detectable apoE in the brain. Liver-expressed apoE4 compromised synaptic plasticity and cognition by impairing cerebrovascular functions. Plasma proteome profiling revealed apoE isoform-dependent functional pathways highlighting cell adhesion, lipoprotein metabolism and complement activation. ApoE3 plasma from young mice improved cognition and reduced vessel-associated gliosis when transfused into aged mice, whereas apoE4 compromised the beneficial effects of young plasma. A human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cell model recapitulated the plasma apoE isoform-specific effect on endothelial integrity, further supporting a vascular-related mechanism. Upon breeding with amyloid model mice, liver-expressed apoE4 exacerbated brain amyloid pathology, whereas apoE3 reduced it. Our findings demonstrate pathogenic effects of peripheral apoE4, providing a strong rationale for targeting peripheral apoE to treat Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chen Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Yuan Fu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Yasuteru Inoue
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Yingxue Ren
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Yuanxin Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Sydney V Doss
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Francis Shue
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Ligia Bastea
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Yuka A Martens
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Wenhui Qiao
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Minghui Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Lin Jia
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Yu Yamazaki
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Akari Yamazaki
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Zhen Wang
- Departments of Structural Biology and Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Dehui Kong
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Zonghua Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Lindsey Felton
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Justin Rogers
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Cynthia Linares
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Joshua Knight
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Yixing Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Aishe Kurti
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - John D Fryer
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Yan W Asmann
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Peter Storz
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Xusheng Wang
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Junmin Peng
- Departments of Structural Biology and Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Betty Y S Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guojun Bu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Jagadapillai R, Qiu X, Ojha K, Li Z, El-Baz A, Zou S, Gozal E, Barnes GN. Potential Cross Talk between Autism Risk Genes and Neurovascular Molecules: A Pilot Study on Impact of Blood Brain Barrier Integrity. Cells 2022; 11:2211. [PMID: 35883654 PMCID: PMC9315816 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a common pediatric neurobiological disorder with up to 80% of genetic etiologies. Systems biology approaches may make it possible to test novel therapeutic strategies targeting molecular pathways to alleviate ASD symptoms. A clinical database of autism subjects was queried for individuals with a copy number variation (CNV) on microarray, Vineland, and Parent Concern Questionnaire scores. Pathway analyses of genes from pathogenic CNVs yielded 659 genes whose protein-protein interactions and mRNA expression mapped 121 genes with maximal antenatal expression in 12 brain regions. A Research Domain Criteria (RDoC)-derived neural circuits map revealed significant differences in anxiety, motor, and activities of daily living skills scores between altered CNV genes and normal microarrays subjects, involving Positive Valence (reward), Cognition (IQ), and Social Processes. Vascular signaling was identified as a biological process that may influence these neural circuits. Neuroinflammation, microglial activation, iNOS and 3-nitrotyrosine increase in the brain of Semaphorin 3F- Neuropilin 2 (Sema 3F-NRP2) KO, an ASD mouse model, agree with previous reports in the brain of ASD individuals. Signs of platelet deposition, activation, release of serotonin, and albumin leakage in ASD-relevant brain regions suggest possible blood brain barrier (BBB) deficits. Disruption of neurovascular signaling and BBB with neuroinflammation may mediate causative pathophysiology in some ASD subgroups. Although preliminary, these data demonstrate the potential for developing novel therapeutic strategies based on clinically derived data, genomics, cognitive neuroscience, and basic neuroscience methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Jagadapillai
- Department of Neurology, Pediatric Research Institute, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (R.J.); (X.Q.); (K.O.)
- University of Louisville Autism Center, Louisville, KY 40217, USA
| | - Xiaolu Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Pediatric Research Institute, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (R.J.); (X.Q.); (K.O.)
- University of Louisville Autism Center, Louisville, KY 40217, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Child Health, Jiangxi Provincial Children’s Hospital, Donghu District, Nanchang 330006, China;
| | - Kshama Ojha
- Department of Neurology, Pediatric Research Institute, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (R.J.); (X.Q.); (K.O.)
- University of Louisville Autism Center, Louisville, KY 40217, USA
| | - Zhu Li
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Ayman El-Baz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville Speed School, Louisville, KY 40292, USA;
| | - Shipu Zou
- Department of Child Health, Jiangxi Provincial Children’s Hospital, Donghu District, Nanchang 330006, China;
| | - Evelyne Gozal
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Gregory N. Barnes
- Department of Neurology, Pediatric Research Institute, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (R.J.); (X.Q.); (K.O.)
- University of Louisville Autism Center, Louisville, KY 40217, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| |
Collapse
|