1
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Chichorro JG, Gambeta E, Baggio DF, Zamponi GW. Voltage-gated Calcium Channels as Potential Therapeutic Targets in Migraine. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2024; 25:104514. [PMID: 38522594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Migraine is a complex and highly incapacitating neurological disorder that affects around 15% of the general population with greater incidence in women, often at the most productive age of life. Migraine physiopathology is still not fully understood, but it involves multiple mediators and events in the trigeminovascular system and the central nervous system. The identification of calcitonin gene-related peptide as a key mediator in migraine physiopathology has led to the development of effective and highly selective antimigraine therapies. However, this treatment is neither accessible nor effective for all migraine sufferers. Thus, a better understanding of migraine mechanisms and the identification of potential targets are still clearly warranted. Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) are widely distributed in the trigeminovascular system, and there is accumulating evidence of their contribution to the mechanisms associated with headache pain. Several drugs used in migraine abortive or prophylactic treatment target VGCCs, which probably contributes to their analgesic effect. This review aims to summarize the current evidence of VGGC contribution to migraine physiopathology and to discuss how current pharmacological options for migraine treatment interfere with VGGC function. PERSPECTIVE: Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) represents a major migraine mediator, but few studies have investigated the relationship between CGRP and VGCCs. CGRP release is calcium channel-dependent and VGGCs are key players in familial migraine. Further studies are needed to determine whether VGCCs are suitable molecular targets for treating migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana G Chichorro
- Biological Sciences Sector, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil.
| | - Eder Gambeta
- Cumming School of Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Darciane F Baggio
- Biological Sciences Sector, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Gerald W Zamponi
- Cumming School of Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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2
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Chin M, Kaeser PS. The intracellular C-terminus confers compartment-specific targeting of voltage-gated calcium channels. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114428. [PMID: 38996073 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
To achieve the functional polarization that underlies brain computation, neurons sort protein material into distinct compartments. Ion channel composition, for example, differs between axons and dendrites, but the molecular determinants for their polarized trafficking remain obscure. Here, we identify mechanisms that target voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (CaVs) to distinct subcellular compartments. In hippocampal neurons, CaV2s trigger neurotransmitter release at the presynaptic active zone, and CaV1s localize somatodendritically. After knockout of all three CaV2s, expression of CaV2.1, but not CaV1.3, restores neurotransmitter release. We find that chimeric CaV1.3s with CaV2.1 intracellular C-termini localize to the active zone, mediate synaptic vesicle exocytosis, and render release sensitive to CaV1 blockers. This dominant targeting function of the CaV2.1 C-terminus requires the first EF hand in its proximal segment, and replacement of the CaV2.1 C-terminus with that of CaV1.3 abolishes CaV2.1 active zone localization and function. We conclude that CaV intracellular C-termini mediate compartment-specific targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morven Chin
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pascal S Kaeser
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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3
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Lisek M, Tomczak J, Boczek T, Zylinska L. Calcium-Associated Proteins in Neuroregeneration. Biomolecules 2024; 14:183. [PMID: 38397420 PMCID: PMC10887043 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of intracellular calcium levels is a critical factor in neurodegeneration, leading to the aberrant activation of calcium-dependent processes and, ultimately, cell death. Ca2+ signals vary in magnitude, duration, and the type of neuron affected. A moderate Ca2+ concentration can initiate certain cellular repair pathways and promote neuroregeneration. While the peripheral nervous system exhibits an intrinsic regenerative capability, the central nervous system has limited self-repair potential. There is evidence that significant variations exist in evoked calcium responses and axonal regeneration among neurons, and individual differences in regenerative capacity are apparent even within the same type of neurons. Furthermore, some studies have shown that neuronal activity could serve as a potent regulator of this process. The spatio-temporal patterns of calcium dynamics are intricately controlled by a variety of proteins, including channels, ion pumps, enzymes, and various calcium-binding proteins, each of which can exert either positive or negative effects on neural repair, depending on the cellular context. In this concise review, we focus on several calcium-associated proteins such as CaM kinase II, GAP-43, oncomodulin, caldendrin, calneuron, and NCS-1 in order to elaborate on their roles in the intrinsic mechanisms governing neuronal regeneration following traumatic damage processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ludmila Zylinska
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (M.L.); (J.T.); (T.B.)
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4
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Chin M, Kaeser PS. The intracellular C-terminus confers compartment-specific targeting of voltage-gated Ca 2+ channels. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.23.573183. [PMID: 38187530 PMCID: PMC10769351 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.23.573183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
To achieve the functional polarization that underlies brain computation, neurons sort protein material into distinct compartments. Ion channel composition, for example, differs between axons and dendrites, but the molecular determinants for their polarized trafficking remain obscure. Here, we identify the mechanisms that target voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (CaVs) to distinct subcellular compartments. In hippocampal neurons, CaV2s trigger neurotransmitter release at the presynaptic active zone, and CaV1s localize somatodendritically. After knockout of all three CaV2s, expression of CaV2.1, but not of CaV1.3, restores neurotransmitter release. Chimeric CaV1.3 channels with CaV2.1 intracellular C-termini localize to the active zone, mediate synaptic vesicle exocytosis, and render release fully sensitive to blockade of CaV1 channels. This dominant targeting function of the CaV2.1 C-terminus requires an EF hand in its proximal segment, and replacement of the CaV2.1 C-terminus with that of CaV1.3 abolishes CaV2.1 active zone localization. We conclude that the intracellular C-termini mediate compartment-specific CaV targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morven Chin
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pascal S. Kaeser
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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5
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Saneyoshi T. Changing the size of dendritic spines. eLife 2023; 12:e91566. [PMID: 37676261 PMCID: PMC10484524 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between an enzyme kinase, an ion channel and cytoskeletal proteins maintain the structure of synapses involved in memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Saneyoshi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
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6
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Curtis AJ, Zhu J, Penny CJ, Gold MG. Molecular basis of interactions between CaMKII and α-actinin-2 that underlie dendritic spine enlargement. eLife 2023; 12:e85008. [PMID: 37489746 PMCID: PMC10484527 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is essential for long-term potentiation (LTP) of excitatory synapses that is linked to learning and memory. In this study, we focused on understanding how interactions between CaMKIIα and the actin-crosslinking protein α-actinin-2 underlie long-lasting changes in dendritic spine architecture. We found that association of the two proteins was unexpectedly elevated within 2 minutes of NMDA receptor stimulation that triggers structural LTP in primary hippocampal neurons. Furthermore, disruption of interactions between the two proteins prevented the accumulation of enlarged mushroom-type dendritic spines following NMDA receptor activation. α-Actinin-2 binds to the regulatory segment of CaMKII. Calorimetry experiments, and a crystal structure of α-actinin-2 EF hands 3 and 4 in complex with the CaMKII regulatory segment, indicate that the regulatory segment of autoinhibited CaMKII is not fully accessible to α-actinin-2. Pull-down experiments show that occupation of the CaMKII substrate-binding groove by GluN2B markedly increases α-actinin-2 access to the CaMKII regulatory segment. Furthermore, in situ labelling experiments are consistent with the notion that recruitment of CaMKII to NMDA receptors contributes to elevated interactions between the kinase and α-actinin-2 during structural LTP. Overall, our study provides new mechanistic insight into the molecular basis of structural LTP and reveals an added layer of sophistication to the function of CaMKII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashton J Curtis
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Penny
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Matthew G Gold
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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7
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Kameyama M, Minobe E, Shao D, Xu J, Gao Q, Hao L. Regulation of Cardiac Cav1.2 Channels by Calmodulin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076409. [PMID: 37047381 PMCID: PMC10094977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cav1.2 Ca2+ channels, a type of voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ channel, are ubiquitously expressed, and the predominant Ca2+ channel type, in working cardiac myocytes. Cav1.2 channels are regulated by the direct interactions with calmodulin (CaM), a Ca2+-binding protein that causes Ca2+-dependent facilitation (CDF) and inactivation (CDI). Ca2+-free CaM (apoCaM) also contributes to the regulation of Cav1.2 channels. Furthermore, CaM indirectly affects channel activity by activating CaM-dependent enzymes, such as CaM-dependent protein kinase II and calcineurin (a CaM-dependent protein phosphatase). In this article, we review the recent progress in identifying the role of apoCaM in the channel ‘rundown’ phenomena and related repriming of channels, and CDF, as well as the role of Ca2+/CaM in CDI. In addition, the role of CaM in channel clustering is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kameyama
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical & Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakura-ga-oka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Etsuko Minobe
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical & Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakura-ga-oka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Dongxue Shao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110012, China (L.H.)
| | - Jianjun Xu
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical & Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakura-ga-oka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Qinghua Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110012, China (L.H.)
| | - Liying Hao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110012, China (L.H.)
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8
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Bartels P, Salveson I, Coleman AM, Anderson DE, Jeng G, Estrada-Tobar ZM, Man KNM, Yu Q, Kuzmenkina E, Nieves-Cintron M, Navedo MF, Horne MC, Hell JW, Ames JB. Half-calcified calmodulin promotes basal activity and inactivation of the L-type calcium channel Ca V1.2. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102701. [PMID: 36395884 PMCID: PMC9764201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The L-type Ca2+ channel CaV1.2 controls gene expression, cardiac contraction, and neuronal activity. Calmodulin (CaM) governs CaV1.2 open probability (Po) and Ca2+-dependent inactivation (CDI) but the mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we present electrophysiological data that identify a half Ca2+-saturated CaM species (Ca2/CaM) with Ca2+ bound solely at the third and fourth EF-hands (EF3 and EF4) under resting Ca2+ concentrations (50-100 nM) that constitutively preassociates with CaV1.2 to promote Po and CDI. We also present an NMR structure of a complex between the CaV1.2 IQ motif (residues 1644-1665) and Ca2/CaM12', a calmodulin mutant in which Ca2+ binding to EF1 and EF2 is completely disabled. We found that the CaM12' N-lobe does not interact with the IQ motif. The CaM12' C-lobe bound two Ca2+ ions and formed close contacts with IQ residues I1654 and Y1657. I1654A and Y1657D mutations impaired CaM binding, CDI, and Po, as did disabling Ca2+ binding to EF3 and EF4 in the CaM34 mutant when compared to WT CaM. Accordingly, a previously unappreciated Ca2/CaM species promotes CaV1.2 Po and CDI, identifying Ca2/CaM as an important mediator of Ca signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bartels
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Ian Salveson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Andrea M Coleman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, California, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - David E Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Grace Jeng
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | | | - Kwun Nok Mimi Man
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Qinhong Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Elza Kuzmenkina
- Center for Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Manuel F Navedo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Mary C Horne
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
| | - Johannes W Hell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
| | - James B Ames
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
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9
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Martins HC, Gilardi C, Sungur AÖ, Winterer J, Pelzl MA, Bicker S, Gross F, Kisko TM, Malikowska‐Racia N, Braun MD, Brosch K, Nenadic I, Stein F, Meinert S, Schwarting RKW, Dannlowski U, Kircher T, Wöhr M, Schratt G. Bipolar‐associated
miR
‐499‐5p controls neuroplasticity by downregulating the Cav1.2 subunit
CACNB2. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e54420. [PMID: 35969184 PMCID: PMC9535808 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202154420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic mood disorder characterized by manic and depressive episodes. Dysregulation of neuroplasticity and calcium homeostasis are frequently observed in BD patients, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we show that miR‐499‐5p regulates dendritogenesis and cognitive function by downregulating the BD risk gene CACNB2. miR‐499‐5p expression is increased in peripheral blood of BD patients, as well as in the hippocampus of rats which underwent juvenile social isolation. In rat hippocampal neurons, miR‐499‐5p impairs dendritogenesis and reduces surface expression and activity of the L‐type calcium channel Cav1.2. We further identified CACNB2, which encodes a regulatory β‐subunit of Cav1.2, as a direct functional target of miR‐499‐5p in neurons. miR‐499‐5p overexpression in the hippocampus in vivo induces short‐term memory impairments selectively in rats haploinsufficient for the Cav1.2 pore forming subunit Cacna1c. In humans, miR‐499‐5p expression is negatively associated with gray matter volumes of the left superior temporal gyrus, a region implicated in auditory and emotional processing. We propose that stress‐induced miR‐499‐5p overexpression contributes to dendritic impairments, deregulated calcium homeostasis, and neurocognitive dysfunction in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena C Martins
- Lab of Systems Neuroscience, Department of Health Science and Technology, Institute for Neuroscience Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH Zurich Switzerland
| | - Carlotta Gilardi
- Lab of Systems Neuroscience, Department of Health Science and Technology, Institute for Neuroscience Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH Zurich Switzerland
| | - A Özge Sungur
- Behavioural Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology Faculty of Psychology, Philipps‐University of Marburg Marburg Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior Philipps‐University of Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Jochen Winterer
- Lab of Systems Neuroscience, Department of Health Science and Technology, Institute for Neuroscience Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH Zurich Switzerland
| | - Michael A Pelzl
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Biochemical‐Pharmacological Center Marburg Philipps‐University of Marburg Marburg Germany
- Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Silvia Bicker
- Lab of Systems Neuroscience, Department of Health Science and Technology, Institute for Neuroscience Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH Zurich Switzerland
| | - Fridolin Gross
- Lab of Systems Neuroscience, Department of Health Science and Technology, Institute for Neuroscience Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH Zurich Switzerland
| | - Theresa M Kisko
- Behavioural Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology Faculty of Psychology, Philipps‐University of Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Natalia Malikowska‐Racia
- Behavioural Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology Faculty of Psychology, Philipps‐University of Marburg Marburg Germany
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience and Drug Development, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences Krakow Poland
| | - Moria D Braun
- Behavioural Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology Faculty of Psychology, Philipps‐University of Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Katharina Brosch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Igor Nenadic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Frederike Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Susanne Meinert
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry University of Münster Münster Germany
| | - Rainer K W Schwarting
- Behavioural Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology Faculty of Psychology, Philipps‐University of Marburg Marburg Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior Philipps‐University of Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry University of Münster Münster Germany
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Markus Wöhr
- Behavioural Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology Faculty of Psychology, Philipps‐University of Marburg Marburg Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior Philipps‐University of Marburg Marburg Germany
- Social and Affective Neuroscience Research Group, Laboratory of Biological Psychology, Research Unit Brain and Cognition, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Gerhard Schratt
- Lab of Systems Neuroscience, Department of Health Science and Technology, Institute for Neuroscience Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH Zurich Switzerland
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10
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Trevisan G, Oliveira SM. Animal Venom Peptides Cause Antinociceptive Effects by Voltage-gated Calcium Channels Activity Blockage. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1579-1599. [PMID: 34259147 PMCID: PMC9881091 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210713121217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain is a complex phenomenon that is usually unpleasant and aversive. It can range widely in intensity, quality, and duration and has diverse pathophysiologic mechanisms and meanings. Voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels are essential to transmitting painful stimuli from the periphery until the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Thus, blocking voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) can effectively control pain refractory to treatments currently used in the clinic, such as cancer and neuropathic pain. VGCCs blockers isolated of cobra Naja naja kaouthia (α-cobratoxin), spider Agelenopsis aperta (ω-Agatoxin IVA), spider Phoneutria nigriventer (PhTx3.3, PhTx3.4, PhTx3.5, PhTx3.6), spider Hysterocrates gigas (SNX-482), cone snails Conus geographus (GVIA), Conus magus (MVIIA or ziconotide), Conus catus (CVID, CVIE and CVIF), Conus striatus (SO- 3), Conus fulmen (FVIA), Conus moncuri (MoVIA and MoVIB), Conus regularis (RsXXIVA), Conus eburneus (Eu1.6), Conus victoriae (Vc1.1.), Conus regius (RgIA), and spider Ornithoctonus huwena (huwentoxin-I and huwentoxin-XVI) venoms caused antinociceptive effects in different acute and chronic pain models. Currently, ziconotide is the only clinical used N-type VGCCs blocker peptide for chronic intractable pain. However, ziconotide causes different adverse effects, and the intrathecal route of administration also impairs its use in a more significant number of patients. In this sense, peptides isolated from animal venoms or their synthetic forms that act by modulating or blocking VGCCs channels seem to be a relevant prototype for developing new analgesics efficacious and well tolerated by patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Trevisan
- Graduated Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; ,Address correspondence to these authors at the Graduated Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, 1000, building 21, room 5207, Zip code: 97105-900 Santa Maria (RS), Brazil; E-mails: , and Graduated Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, 1000, building 18, room 2203, Zip code: 97105-900 Santa Maria (RS), Brazil;, E-mail:
| | - Sara Marchesan Oliveira
- Graduated Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil,Address correspondence to these authors at the Graduated Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, 1000, building 21, room 5207, Zip code: 97105-900 Santa Maria (RS), Brazil; E-mails: , and Graduated Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, 1000, building 18, room 2203, Zip code: 97105-900 Santa Maria (RS), Brazil;, E-mail:
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11
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Yang Y, Yu Z, Geng J, Liu M, Liu N, Li P, Hong W, Yue S, Jiang H, Ge H, Qian F, Xiong W, Wang P, Song S, Li X, Fan Y, Liu X. Cytosolic peptides encoding Ca V1 C-termini downregulate the calcium channel activity-neuritogenesis coupling. Commun Biol 2022; 5:484. [PMID: 35589958 PMCID: PMC9120191 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03438-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
L-type Ca2+ (CaV1) channels transduce channel activities into nuclear signals critical to neuritogenesis. Also, standalone peptides encoded by CaV1 DCT (distal carboxyl-terminus) act as nuclear transcription factors reportedly promoting neuritogenesis. Here, by focusing on exemplary CaV1.3 and cortical neurons under basal conditions, we discover that cytosolic DCT peptides downregulate neurite outgrowth by the interactions with CaV1's apo-calmodulin binding motif. Distinct from nuclear DCT, various cytosolic peptides exert a gradient of inhibitory effects on Ca2+ influx via CaV1 channels and neurite extension and arborization, and also the intermediate events including CREB activation and c-Fos expression. The inhibition efficacies of DCT are quantitatively correlated with its binding affinities. Meanwhile, cytosolic inhibition tends to facilitate neuritogenesis indirectly by favoring Ca2+-sensitive nuclear retention of DCT. In summary, DCT peptides as a class of CaV1 inhibitors specifically regulate the channel activity-neuritogenesis coupling in a variant-, affinity-, and localization-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxiong Yang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.,X-Laboratory for Ion-Channel Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhen Yu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.,X-Laboratory for Ion-Channel Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jinli Geng
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.,X-Laboratory for Ion-Channel Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Min Liu
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Weili Hong
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shuhua Yue
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - He Jiang
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Haiyan Ge
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Feng Qian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Sen Song
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China. .,X-Laboratory for Ion-Channel Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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12
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Ames JB. L-Type Ca 2+ Channel Regulation by Calmodulin and CaBP1. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1811. [PMID: 34944455 PMCID: PMC8699282 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (CaV1.2 and CaV1.3, called CaV) interact with the Ca2+ sensor proteins, calmodulin (CaM) and Ca2+ binding Protein 1 (CaBP1), that oppositely control Ca2+-dependent channel activity. CaM and CaBP1 can each bind to the IQ-motif within the C-terminal cytosolic domain of CaV, which promotes increased channel open probability under basal conditions. At elevated cytosolic Ca2+ levels (caused by CaV channel opening), Ca2+-bound CaM binding to CaV is essential for promoting rapid Ca2+-dependent channel inactivation (CDI). By contrast, CaV binding to CaBP1 prevents CDI and promotes Ca2+-induced channel opening (called CDF). In this review, I provide an overview of the known structures of CaM and CaBP1 and their structural interactions with the IQ-motif to help understand how CaM promotes CDI, whereas CaBP1 prevents CDI and instead promotes CDF. Previous electrophysiology studies suggest that Ca2+-free forms of CaM and CaBP1 may pre-associate with CaV under basal conditions. However, previous Ca2+ binding data suggest that CaM and CaBP1 are both calculated to bind to Ca2+ with an apparent dissociation constant of ~100 nM when CaM or CaBP1 is bound to the IQ-motif. Since the neuronal basal cytosolic Ca2+ concentration is ~100 nM, nearly half of the neuronal CaV channels are suggested to be bound to Ca2+-bound forms of either CaM or CaBP1 under basal conditions. The pre-association of CaV with calcified forms of CaM or CaBP1 are predicted here to have functional implications. The Ca2+-bound form of CaBP1 is proposed to bind to CaV under basal conditions to block CaV binding to CaM, which could explain how CaBP1 might prevent CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Ames
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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13
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Cullinan MM, Klipp RC, Bankston JR. Regulation of acid-sensing ion channels by protein binding partners. Channels (Austin) 2021; 15:635-647. [PMID: 34704535 PMCID: PMC8555555 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2021.1976946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are a family of proton-gated cation channels that contribute to a diverse array of functions including pain sensation, cell death during ischemia, and more broadly to neurotransmission in the central nervous system. There is an increasing interest in understanding the physiological regulatory mechanisms of this family of channels. ASICs have relatively short N- and C-termini, yet a number of proteins have been shown to interact with these domains both in vitro and in vivo. These proteins can impact ASIC gating, localization, cell-surface expression, and regulation. Like all ion channels, it is important to understand the cellular context under which ASICs function in neurons and other cells. Here we will review what is known about a number of these potentially important regulatory molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Cullinan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Robert C Klipp
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - John R Bankston
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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14
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Mechanisms and Regulation of Cardiac Ca V1.2 Trafficking. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115927. [PMID: 34072954 PMCID: PMC8197997 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
During cardiac excitation contraction coupling, the arrival of an action potential at the ventricular myocardium triggers voltage-dependent L-type Ca2+ (CaV1.2) channels in individual myocytes to open briefly. The level of this Ca2+ influx tunes the amplitude of Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release from ryanodine receptors (RyR2) on the junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum and thus the magnitude of the elevation in intracellular Ca2+ concentration and ultimately the downstream contraction. The number and activity of functional CaV1.2 channels at the t-tubule dyads dictates the amplitude of the Ca2+ influx. Trafficking of these channels and their auxiliary subunits to the cell surface is thus tightly controlled and regulated to ensure adequate sarcolemmal expression to sustain this critical process. To that end, recent discoveries have revealed the existence of internal reservoirs of preformed CaV1.2 channels that can be rapidly mobilized to enhance sarcolemmal expression in times of acute stress when hemodynamic and metabolic demand increases. In this review, we provide an overview of the current thinking on CaV1.2 channel trafficking dynamics in the heart. We highlight the numerous points of control including the biosynthetic pathway, the endosomal recycling pathway, ubiquitination, and lysosomal and proteasomal degradation pathways, and discuss the effects of β-adrenergic and angiotensin receptor signaling cascades on this process.
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15
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Ferron L, Koshti S, Zamponi GW. The life cycle of voltage-gated Ca 2+ channels in neurons: an update on the trafficking of neuronal calcium channels. Neuronal Signal 2021; 5:NS20200095. [PMID: 33664982 PMCID: PMC7905535 DOI: 10.1042/ns20200095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal voltage-gated Ca2+ (CaV) channels play a critical role in cellular excitability, synaptic transmission, excitation-transcription coupling and activation of intracellular signaling pathways. CaV channels are multiprotein complexes and their functional expression in the plasma membrane involves finely tuned mechanisms, including forward trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the plasma membrane, endocytosis and recycling. Whether genetic or acquired, alterations and defects in the trafficking of neuronal CaV channels can have severe physiological consequences. In this review, we address the current evidence concerning the regulatory mechanisms which underlie precise control of neuronal CaV channel trafficking and we discuss their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Ferron
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Saloni Koshti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Gerald W. Zamponi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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16
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Del Villar SG, Voelker TL, Westhoff M, Reddy GR, Spooner HC, Navedo MF, Dickson EJ, Dixon RE. β-Adrenergic control of sarcolemmal Ca V1.2 abundance by small GTPase Rab proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021. [PMID: 33558236 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2017937118/-/dcsupplemental] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The number and activity of Cav1.2 channels in the cardiomyocyte sarcolemma tunes the magnitude of Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release and myocardial contraction. β-Adrenergic receptor (βAR) activation stimulates sarcolemmal insertion of CaV1.2. This supplements the preexisting sarcolemmal CaV1.2 population, forming large "superclusters" wherein neighboring channels undergo enhanced cooperative-gating behavior, amplifying Ca2+ influx and myocardial contractility. Here, we determine this stimulated insertion is fueled by an internal reserve of early and recycling endosome-localized, presynthesized CaV1.2 channels. βAR-activation decreased CaV1.2/endosome colocalization in ventricular myocytes, as it triggered "emptying" of endosomal CaV1.2 cargo into the t-tubule sarcolemma. We examined the rapid dynamics of this stimulated insertion process with live-myocyte imaging of channel trafficking, and discovered that CaV1.2 are often inserted into the sarcolemma as preformed, multichannel clusters. Similarly, entire clusters were removed from the sarcolemma during endocytosis, while in other cases, a more incremental process suggested removal of individual channels. The amplitude of the stimulated insertion response was doubled by coexpression of constitutively active Rab4a, halved by coexpression of dominant-negative Rab11a, and abolished by coexpression of dominant-negative mutant Rab4a. In ventricular myocytes, βAR-stimulated recycling of CaV1.2 was diminished by both nocodazole and latrunculin-A, suggesting an essential role of the cytoskeleton in this process. Functionally, cytoskeletal disruptors prevented βAR-activated Ca2+ current augmentation. Moreover, βAR-regulation of CaV1.2 was abolished when recycling was halted by coapplication of nocodazole and latrunculin-A. These findings reveal that βAR-stimulation triggers an on-demand boost in sarcolemmal CaV1.2 abundance via targeted Rab4a- and Rab11a-dependent insertion of channels that is essential for βAR-regulation of cardiac CaV1.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia G Del Villar
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Taylor L Voelker
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Maartje Westhoff
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Gopireddy R Reddy
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Heather C Spooner
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Manuel F Navedo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Eamonn J Dickson
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Rose E Dixon
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616;
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17
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Del Villar SG, Voelker TL, Westhoff M, Reddy GR, Spooner HC, Navedo MF, Dickson EJ, Dixon RE. β-Adrenergic control of sarcolemmal Ca V1.2 abundance by small GTPase Rab proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2017937118. [PMID: 33558236 PMCID: PMC7896340 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2017937118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The number and activity of Cav1.2 channels in the cardiomyocyte sarcolemma tunes the magnitude of Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release and myocardial contraction. β-Adrenergic receptor (βAR) activation stimulates sarcolemmal insertion of CaV1.2. This supplements the preexisting sarcolemmal CaV1.2 population, forming large "superclusters" wherein neighboring channels undergo enhanced cooperative-gating behavior, amplifying Ca2+ influx and myocardial contractility. Here, we determine this stimulated insertion is fueled by an internal reserve of early and recycling endosome-localized, presynthesized CaV1.2 channels. βAR-activation decreased CaV1.2/endosome colocalization in ventricular myocytes, as it triggered "emptying" of endosomal CaV1.2 cargo into the t-tubule sarcolemma. We examined the rapid dynamics of this stimulated insertion process with live-myocyte imaging of channel trafficking, and discovered that CaV1.2 are often inserted into the sarcolemma as preformed, multichannel clusters. Similarly, entire clusters were removed from the sarcolemma during endocytosis, while in other cases, a more incremental process suggested removal of individual channels. The amplitude of the stimulated insertion response was doubled by coexpression of constitutively active Rab4a, halved by coexpression of dominant-negative Rab11a, and abolished by coexpression of dominant-negative mutant Rab4a. In ventricular myocytes, βAR-stimulated recycling of CaV1.2 was diminished by both nocodazole and latrunculin-A, suggesting an essential role of the cytoskeleton in this process. Functionally, cytoskeletal disruptors prevented βAR-activated Ca2+ current augmentation. Moreover, βAR-regulation of CaV1.2 was abolished when recycling was halted by coapplication of nocodazole and latrunculin-A. These findings reveal that βAR-stimulation triggers an on-demand boost in sarcolemmal CaV1.2 abundance via targeted Rab4a- and Rab11a-dependent insertion of channels that is essential for βAR-regulation of cardiac CaV1.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia G Del Villar
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Taylor L Voelker
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Maartje Westhoff
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Gopireddy R Reddy
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Heather C Spooner
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Manuel F Navedo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Eamonn J Dickson
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Rose E Dixon
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616;
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18
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Nasu F, Obara Y, Okamoto Y, Yamaguchi H, Kurakami K, Norota I, Ishii K. Azelnidipine treatment reduces the expression of Ca v1.2 protein. Life Sci 2021; 269:119043. [PMID: 33453240 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Azelnidipine, a third-generation dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (DHP CCB), has a characteristic hypotensive effect that persists even after it has disappeared from the plasma, which is thought to be due to its high hydrophobicity. However, because azelnidipine is unique, it might have other unknown effects on L-type Cav1.2 channels that result in the long-lasting decrease of blood pressure. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential quantitative modification of Cav1.2 by azelnidipine. MAIN METHODS HEK293 cells were used to express Cav1.2 channels. Immunocytochemical analysis was performed to detect changes in the surface expression of the pore-forming subunit of the Cav1.2 channel, Cav1.2α1c. Western blotting analysis was performed to evaluate changes in expression levels of total Cav1.2α1c and Cavβ2c. KEY FINDINGS The surface expression of Cav1.2α1c was markedly reduced by treatment with azelnidipine, but not with other DHP CCBs (amlodipine and nicardipine). Results obtained with a dynamin inhibitor and an early endosome marker suggested that the reduction of surface Cav1.2α1c was not likely caused by internalization. Azelnidipine reduced the total amount of Cav1.2α1c protein in HEK293 cells and rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. The reduction of Cav1.2α1c was rescued by inhibiting proteasome activity. In contrast, azelnidipine did not affect the amount of auxiliary Cavβ2c subunits that function as a chaperone of Cav1.2. SIGNIFICANCE This study is the first to demonstrate that azelnidipine reduces the expression of Cav1.2α1c, which might partly explain its long-lasting hypotensive effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Nasu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan; Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata 990-2292, Japan
| | - Yutaro Obara
- Department of Pharmacology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Yosuke Okamoto
- Department of Cell Physiology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 010-0825, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yamaguchi
- Department of Pharmacy, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kurakami
- Department of Pharmacology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan; Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Ikuo Norota
- Department of Pharmacology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Ishii
- Department of Pharmacology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan.
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19
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Man KNM, Bartels P, Horne MC, Hell JW. Tissue-specific adrenergic regulation of the L-type Ca 2+ channel Ca V1.2. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/663/eabc6438. [PMID: 33443233 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abc6438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Ca2+ influx through the L-type Ca2+ channel Cav1.2 triggers each heartbeat. The fight-or-flight response induces the release of the stress response hormone norepinephrine to stimulate β-adrenergic receptors, cAMP production, and protein kinase A activity to augment Ca2+ influx through Cav1.2 and, consequently, cardiomyocyte contractility. Emerging evidence shows that Cav1.2 is regulated by different mechanisms in cardiomyocytes compared to neurons and vascular smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwun Nok Mimi Man
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Peter Bartels
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Mary C Horne
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Johannes W Hell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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20
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Sbai O, Soussi R, Bole A, Khrestchatisky M, Esclapez M, Ferhat L. The actin binding protein α-actinin-2 expression is associated with dendritic spine plasticity and migrating granule cells in the rat dentate gyrus following pilocarpine-induced seizures. Exp Neurol 2020; 335:113512. [PMID: 33098872 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
α-actinin-2 (α-actn-2) is an F-actin-crosslinking protein, localized in dendritic spines. In vitro studies suggested that it is involved in spinogenesis, morphogenesis, actin organization, cell migration and anchoring of the NR1 subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in dendritic spines. However, little is known regarding its function in vivo. We examined the levels of α-actn-2 expression within the dentate gyrus (DG) during the development of chronic limbic seizures (epileptogenesis) induced by pilocarpine in rats. In this model, plasticity of the DG glutamatergic granule cells including spine loss, spinogenesis, morphogenesis, neo-synaptogenesis, aberrant migration, and alterations of NMDA receptors have been well characterized. We showed that α-actn-2 immunolabeling was reduced in the inner molecular layer at 1-2 weeks post-status epilepticus (SE), when granule cell spinogenesis and morphogenesis occur. This low level persisted at the chronic stage when new functional synapses are established. This decreased of α-actn-2 protein is concomitant with the recovery of drebrin A (DA), another actin-binding protein, at the chronic stage. Indeed, we demonstrated in cultured cells that in contrast to DA, α-actn-2 did not protect F-actin destabilization and DA inhibited α-actn-2 binding to F-actin. Such alteration could affect the anchoring of NR1 in dendritic spines. Furthermore, we showed that the expression of α-actn-2 and NR1 are co-down-regulated in membrane fractions of pilocarpine animals at chronic stage. Last, we showed that α-actn-2 is expressed in migrating newly born granule cells observed within the hilus of pilocarpine-treated rats. Altogether, our results suggest that α-actn-2 is not critical for the structural integrity and stabilization of granule cell dendritic spines. Instead, its expression is regulated when spinogenesis and morphogenesis occur and within migrating granule cells. Our data also suggest that the balance between α-actn-2 and DA expression levels may modulate NR1 anchoring within dendritic spines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oualid Sbai
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France
| | - Rabia Soussi
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France
| | - Angélique Bole
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France
| | | | - Monique Esclapez
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France
| | - Lotfi Ferhat
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France.
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21
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Traceable stimulus-dependent rapid molecular changes in dendritic spines in the brain. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15266. [PMID: 32943708 PMCID: PMC7499203 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72248-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic spines function as microcompartments that can modify the efficiency of their associated synapses. Here, we analyzed stimulus-dependent molecular changes in spines. The F-actin capping protein CapZ accumulates in parts of dendritic spines within regions where long-term potentiation has been induced. We produced a transgenic mouse line, AiCE-Tg, in which CapZ tagged with enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP-CapZ) is expressed. Twenty minutes after unilateral visual or somatosensory stimulation in AiCE-Tg mice, relative EGFP-CapZ signal intensification was seen in a subset of dendritic spines selectively in stimulated-side cortices; this right-left difference was abolished by NMDA receptor blockade. Immunolabeling of α-actinin, a PSD-95 binding protein that can recruit AMPA receptors, showed that the α-actinin signals colocalized more frequently in spines with the brightest EGFP-CapZ signals (top 100) than in spines with more typical EGFP-CapZ signal strength (top 1,000). This stimulus-dependent in vivo redistribution of EGFP-CapZ represents a novel molecular event with plasticity-like characteristics, and bright EGFP-CapZ in AiCE-Tg mice make high-CapZ spines traceable in vivo and ex vivo. This mouse line has the potential to be used to reveal sequential molecular events, including synaptic tagging, and to relate multiple types of plasticity in these spines, extending knowledge related to memory mechanisms.
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22
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Sun M, Han X, Chang F, Xu H, Colgan L, Liu Y. Regulatory role of sorting nexin 5 in protein stability and vesicular targeting of vesicular acetylcholine transporter to synaptic vesicle-like vesicles in PC12 cells. J Biomed Res 2020; 35:339-350. [PMID: 34230437 PMCID: PMC8502691 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.34.20200095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate targeting of vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) to synaptic vesicles (SVs) is indispensable for efficient cholinergic transmission. Previous studies have suggested that the dileucine motif within the C-terminus of the transporter is sufficient for its targeting to SVs. However, the cytosolic machinery underlying specific regulation of VAChT trafficking and targeting to SVs is still unclear. Here we used the C-terminus of VAChT as a bait in a yeast two-hybrid screen to identify sorting nexin 5 (SNX5) as its novel interacting protein. SNX5 was detected in the SVs enriched LP2 subcellular fraction of rat brain homogenate and showed strong colocalization with VAChT in both brain sections and PC12 cells. Binding assays suggested that the C-terminal domain of VAChT can interact with both BAR and PX domain of SNX5. Depletion of SNX5 enhanced the degradation of VAChT and the process was mediated through the lysosomal pathway. More importantly, we found that, in PC12 cells, the depletion of SNX5 expression significantly decreased the synaptic vesicle-like vesicles (SVLVs) localization of VAChT. Therefore, the results suggest that SNX5 is a novel regulator for both stability and SV targeting of VAChT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihen Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, and Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Xu Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, and Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Fei Chang
- Neuroscience Program, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Hongfei Xu
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Lesley Colgan
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA. E-mail: lesley.col
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, and Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China. E-mail:
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23
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Chakouri N, Diaz J, Yang PS, Ben-Johny M. Ca V channels reject signaling from a second CaM in eliciting Ca 2+-dependent feedback regulation. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:14948-14962. [PMID: 32820053 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Calmodulin (CaM) regulation of voltage-gated calcium (CaV1-2) channels is a powerful Ca2+-feedback mechanism to adjust channel activity in response to Ca2+ influx. Despite progress in resolving mechanisms of CaM-CaV feedback, the stoichiometry of CaM interaction with CaV channels remains ambiguous. Functional studies that tethered CaM to CaV1.2 suggested that a single CaM sufficed for Ca2+ feedback, yet biochemical, FRET, and structural studies showed that multiple CaM molecules interact with distinct interfaces within channel cytosolic segments, suggesting that functional Ca2+ regulation may be more nuanced. Resolving this ambiguity is critical as CaM is enriched in subcellular domains where CaV channels reside, such as the cardiac dyad. We here localized multiple CaMs to the CaV nanodomain by tethering either WT or mutant CaM that lack Ca2+-binding capacity to the pore-forming α-subunit of CaV1.2, CaV1.3, and CaV2.1 and/or the auxiliary β2A subunit. We observed that a single CaM tethered to either the α or β2A subunit tunes Ca2+ regulation of CaV channels. However, when multiple CaMs are localized concurrently, CaV channels preferentially respond to signaling from the α-subunit-tethered CaM. Mechanistically, the introduction of a second IQ domain to the CaV1.3 carboxyl tail switched the apparent functional stoichiometry, permitting two CaMs to mediate functional regulation. In all, Ca2+ feedback of CaV channels depends exquisitely on a single CaM preassociated with the α-subunit carboxyl tail. Additional CaMs that colocalize with the channel complex are unable to trigger Ca2+-dependent feedback of channel gating but may support alternate regulatory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourdine Chakouri
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Johanna Diaz
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Philemon S Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Manu Ben-Johny
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
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24
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Wang S, Cortes CJ. Interactions with PDZ proteins diversify voltage-gated calcium channel signaling. J Neurosci Res 2020; 99:332-348. [PMID: 32476168 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated Ca2+ (CaV ) channels are crucial for neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission upon depolarization. Their properties in vivo are modulated by their interaction with a variety of scaffolding proteins. Such interactions can influence the function and localization of CaV channels, as well as their coupling to intracellular second messengers and regulatory pathways, thus amplifying their signaling potential. Among these scaffolding proteins, a subset of PDZ (postsynaptic density-95, Drosophila discs-large, and zona occludens)-domain containing proteins play diverse roles in modulating CaV channel properties. At the presynaptic terminal, PDZ proteins enrich CaV channels in the active zone, enabling neurotransmitter release by maintaining a tight and vital link between channels and vesicles. In the postsynaptic density, these interactions are essential in regulating dendritic spine morphology and postsynaptic signaling cascades. In this review, we highlight the studies that demonstrate dynamic regulations of neuronal CaV channels by PDZ proteins. We discuss the role of PDZ proteins in controlling channel activity, regulating channel cell surface density, and influencing channel-mediated downstream signaling events. We highlight the importance of PDZ protein regulations of CaV channels and evaluate the link between this regulatory effect and human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Neurology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Constanza J Cortes
- Department of Neurology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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25
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Tousley A, Iuliano M, Weisman E, Sapp E, Zhang N, Vodicka P, Alexander J, Aviolat H, Gatune L, Reeves P, Li X, Khvorova A, Ellerby LM, Aronin N, DiFiglia M, Kegel-Gleason KB. Rac1 Activity Is Modulated by Huntingtin and Dysregulated in Models of Huntington's Disease. J Huntingtons Dis 2020; 8:53-69. [PMID: 30594931 PMCID: PMC6398565 DOI: 10.3233/jhd-180311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background: Previous studies suggest that Huntingtin, the protein mutated in Huntington’s disease (HD), is required for actin based changes in cell morphology, and undergoes stimulus induced targeting to plasma membranes where it interacts with phospholipids involved in cell signaling. The small GTPase Rac1 is a downstream target of growth factor stimulation and PI 3-kinase activity and is critical for actin dependent membrane remodeling. Objective: To determine if Rac1 activity is impaired in HD or regulated by normal Huntingtin. Methods: Analyses were performed in differentiated control and HD human stem cells and HD Q140/Q140 knock-in mice. Biochemical methods included SDS-PAGE, western blot, immunoprecipitation, affinity chromatography, and ELISA based Rac activity assays. Results: Basal Rac1 activity increased following depletion of Huntingtin with Huntingtin specific siRNA in human primary fibroblasts and in human control neuron cultures. Human cells (fibroblasts, neural stem cells, and neurons) with the HD mutation failed to increase Rac1 activity in response to growth factors. Rac1 activity levels were elevated in striatum of 1.5-month-old HD Q140/Q140 mice and in primary embryonic cortical neurons from HD mice. Affinity chromatography analysis of striatal lysates showed that Huntingtin is in a complex with Rac1, p85α subunit of PI 3-kinase, and the actin bundling protein α-actinin and interacts preferentially with the GTP bound form of Rac1. The HD mutation reduced Huntingtin interaction with p85α. Conclusions: These findings suggest that Huntingtin regulates Rac1 activity as part of a coordinated response to growth factor signaling and this function is impaired early in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelaide Tousley
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Maria Iuliano
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Weisman
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Ellen Sapp
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Ningzhe Zhang
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - Petr Vodicka
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan Alexander
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Hubert Aviolat
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Leah Gatune
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Patrick Reeves
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Xueyi Li
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Anastasia Khvorova
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | - Neil Aronin
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine and Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Marian DiFiglia
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Kimberly B Kegel-Gleason
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
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26
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Turner M, Anderson DE, Bartels P, Nieves-Cintron M, Coleman AM, Henderson PB, Man KNM, Tseng PY, Yarov-Yarovoy V, Bers DM, Navedo MF, Horne MC, Ames JB, Hell JW. α-Actinin-1 promotes activity of the L-type Ca 2+ channel Ca v 1.2. EMBO J 2020; 39:e102622. [PMID: 31985069 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019102622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The L-type Ca2+ channel CaV 1.2 governs gene expression, cardiac contraction, and neuronal activity. Binding of α-actinin to the IQ motif of CaV 1.2 supports its surface localization and postsynaptic targeting in neurons. We report a bi-functional mechanism that restricts CaV 1.2 activity to its target sites. We solved separate NMR structures of the IQ motif (residues 1,646-1,664) bound to α-actinin-1 and to apo-calmodulin (apoCaM). The CaV 1.2 K1647A and Y1649A mutations, which impair α-actinin-1 but not apoCaM binding, but not the F1658A and K1662E mutations, which impair apoCaM but not α-actinin-1 binding, decreased single-channel open probability, gating charge movement, and its coupling to channel opening. Thus, α-actinin recruits CaV 1.2 to defined surface regions and simultaneously boosts its open probability so that CaV 1.2 is mostly active when appropriately localized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Turner
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - David E Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Peter Bartels
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Andrea M Coleman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Peter B Henderson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kwun Nok Mimi Man
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Pang-Yen Tseng
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Donald M Bers
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Manuel F Navedo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Mary C Horne
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - James B Ames
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Johannes W Hell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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27
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Prondzynski M, Lemoine MD, Zech AT, Horváth A, Di Mauro V, Koivumäki JT, Kresin N, Busch J, Krause T, Krämer E, Schlossarek S, Spohn M, Friedrich FW, Münch J, Laufer SD, Redwood C, Volk AE, Hansen A, Mearini G, Catalucci D, Meyer C, Christ T, Patten M, Eschenhagen T, Carrier L. Disease modeling of a mutation in α-actinin 2 guides clinical therapy in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 11:e11115. [PMID: 31680489 PMCID: PMC6895603 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201911115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a cardiac genetic disease accompanied by structural and contractile alterations. We identified a rare c.740C>T (p.T247M) mutation in ACTN2, encoding α-actinin 2 in a HCM patient, who presented with left ventricular hypertrophy, outflow tract obstruction, and atrial fibrillation. We generated patient-derived human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and show that hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and engineered heart tissues recapitulated several hallmarks of HCM, such as hypertrophy, myofibrillar disarray, hypercontractility, impaired relaxation, and higher myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity, and also prolonged action potential duration and enhanced L-type Ca2+ current. The L-type Ca2+ channel blocker diltiazem reduced force amplitude, relaxation, and action potential duration to a greater extent in HCM than in isogenic control. We translated our findings to patient care and showed that diltiazem application ameliorated the prolonged QTc interval in HCM-affected son and sister of the index patient. These data provide evidence for this ACTN2 mutation to be disease-causing in cardiomyocytes, guiding clinical therapy in this HCM family. This study may serve as a proof-of-principle for the use of hiPSC for personalized treatment of cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksymilian Prondzynski
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marc D Lemoine
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology-Electrophysiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Antonia Tl Zech
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - András Horváth
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vittoria Di Mauro
- Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research, Milan Unit, National Research Council, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Jussi T Koivumäki
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Nico Kresin
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Josefine Busch
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Krause
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Krämer
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Saskia Schlossarek
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Spohn
- Bioinformatics Core, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felix W Friedrich
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia Münch
- Department of Cardiology-Electrophysiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sandra D Laufer
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Charles Redwood
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexander E Volk
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arne Hansen
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Giulia Mearini
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniele Catalucci
- Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research, Milan Unit, National Research Council, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Christian Meyer
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology-Electrophysiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Christ
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Monica Patten
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lucie Carrier
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
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28
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Kurakami K, Norota I, Nasu F, Ohshima S, Nagasawa Y, Konno Y, Obara Y, Ishii K. KCNQ1 is internalized by activation of α1 adrenergic receptors. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 169:113628. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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29
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A novel phospho-modulatory mechanism contributes to the calcium-dependent regulation of T-type Ca 2+ channels. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15642. [PMID: 31666636 PMCID: PMC6821770 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52194-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cav3 / T-type Ca2+ channels are dynamically regulated by intracellular Ca2+ ions, which inhibit Cav3 availability. Here, we demonstrate that this inhibition becomes irreversible in the presence of non-hydrolysable ATP analogs, resulting in a strong hyperpolarizing shift in the steady-state inactivation of the residual Cav3 current. Importantly, the effect of these ATP analogs was prevented in the presence of intracellular BAPTA. Additional findings obtained using intracellular dialysis of inorganic phosphate and alkaline phosphatase or NaN3 treatment further support the involvement of a phosphorylation mechanism. Contrasting with Cav1 and Cav2 Ca2+ channels, the Ca2+-dependent modulation of Cav3 channels appears to be independent of calmodulin, calcineurin and endocytic pathways. Similar findings were obtained for the native T-type Ca2+ current recorded in rat thalamic neurons of the central medial nucleus. Overall, our data reveal a new Ca2+ sensitive phosphorylation-dependent mechanism regulating Cav3 channels, with potentially important physiological implications for the multiple cell functions controlled by T-type Ca2+ channels.
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30
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Vierra NC, Kirmiz M, van der List D, Santana LF, Trimmer JS. Kv2.1 mediates spatial and functional coupling of L-type calcium channels and ryanodine receptors in mammalian neurons. eLife 2019; 8:49953. [PMID: 31663850 PMCID: PMC6839919 DOI: 10.7554/elife.49953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The voltage-gated K+ channel Kv2.1 serves a major structural role in the soma and proximal dendrites of mammalian brain neurons, tethering the plasma membrane (PM) to endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Although Kv2.1 clustering at neuronal ER-PM junctions (EPJs) is tightly regulated and highly conserved, its function remains unclear. By identifying and evaluating proteins in close spatial proximity to Kv2.1-containing EPJs, we discovered that a significant role of Kv2.1 at EPJs is to promote the clustering and functional coupling of PM L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCCs) to ryanodine receptor (RyR) ER Ca2+ release channels. Kv2.1 clustering also unexpectedly enhanced LTCC opening at polarized membrane potentials. This enabled Kv2.1-LTCC-RyR triads to generate localized Ca2+ release events (i.e., Ca2+ sparks) independently of action potentials. Together, these findings uncover a novel mode of LTCC regulation and establish a unique mechanism whereby Kv2.1-associated EPJs provide a molecular platform for localized somatodendritic Ca2+ signals in mammalian brain neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas C Vierra
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States.,Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Michael Kirmiz
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Deborah van der List
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States.,Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States
| | - L Fernando Santana
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States
| | - James S Trimmer
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States.,Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States
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31
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Denes LT, Riley LA, Mijares JR, Arboleda JD, McKee K, Esser KA, Wang ET. Culturing C2C12 myotubes on micromolded gelatin hydrogels accelerates myotube maturation. Skelet Muscle 2019; 9:17. [PMID: 31174599 PMCID: PMC6555731 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-019-0203-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Skeletal muscle contributes to roughly 40% of lean body mass, and its loss contributes to morbidity and mortality in a variety of pathogenic conditions. Significant insights into muscle function have been made using cultured cells, in particular, the C2C12 myoblast line. However, differentiation of these cells in vitro typically yields immature myotubes relative to skeletal muscles in vivo. While many efforts have attempted to improve the maturity of cultured myotubes, including the use of bioengineered substrates, lack of molecular characterization has precluded their widespread implementation. This study characterizes morphological, molecular, and transcriptional features of C2C12 myotubes cultured on crosslinked, micropatterned gelatin substrates fabricated using previously established methods and compares them to myotubes grown on unpatterned gelatin or traditional plasticware. Methods We used immunocytochemistry, SDS-PAGE, and RNAseq to characterize C2C12 myotubes grown on micropatterned gelatin hydrogels, unpatterned gelatin hydrogels, and typical cell culture substrates (i.e., plastic or collagen-coated glass) across a differentiation time course. The ability to form aligned sarcomeres and myofilament protein concentration was assessed. Additionally, the transcriptome was analyzed across the differentiation time course. Results C2C12 myotubes grown on micropatterned gelatin hydrogels display an increased ability to form aligned sarcomeres as well as increased contractile protein content relative to myotubes cultured on unpatterned gelatin and plastic. Additionally, genes related to sarcomere formation and in vivo muscle maturation are upregulated in myotubes grown on micropatterned gelatin hydrogels relative to control myotubes. Conclusions Our results suggest that growing C2C12 myotubes on micropatterned gelatin hydrogels accelerates sarcomere formation and yields a more fully matured myotube culture. Thus, the use of micropatterned hydrogels is a viable and simple approach to better model skeletal muscle biology in vitro. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13395-019-0203-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance T Denes
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Center for Neurogenetics, Myology Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Lance A Riley
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Myology Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Joseph R Mijares
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Myology Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Juan D Arboleda
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Center for Neurogenetics, Myology Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Kendra McKee
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Center for Neurogenetics, Myology Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Karyn A Esser
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Myology Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
| | - Eric T Wang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Center for Neurogenetics, Myology Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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32
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Ito DW, Hannigan KI, Ghosh D, Xu B, Del Villar SG, Xiang YK, Dickson EJ, Navedo MF, Dixon RE. β-adrenergic-mediated dynamic augmentation of sarcolemmal Ca V 1.2 clustering and co-operativity in ventricular myocytes. J Physiol 2019; 597:2139-2162. [PMID: 30714156 PMCID: PMC6462464 DOI: 10.1113/jp277283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Key points Prevailing dogma holds that activation of the β‐adrenergic receptor/cAMP/protein kinase A signalling pathway leads to enhanced L‐type CaV1.2 channel activity, resulting in increased Ca2+ influx into ventricular myocytes and a positive inotropic response. However, the full mechanistic and molecular details underlying this phenomenon are incompletely understood. CaV1.2 channel clusters decorate T‐tubule sarcolemmas of ventricular myocytes. Within clusters, nanometer proximity between channels permits Ca2+‐dependent co‐operative gating behaviour mediated by physical interactions between adjacent channel C‐terminal tails. We report that stimulation of cardiomyocytes with isoproterenol, evokes dynamic, protein kinase A‐dependent augmentation of CaV1.2 channel abundance along cardiomyocyte T‐tubules, resulting in the appearance of channel ‘super‐clusters’, and enhanced channel co‐operativity that amplifies Ca2+ influx. On the basis of these data, we suggest a new model in which a sub‐sarcolemmal pool of pre‐synthesized CaV1.2 channels resides in cardiomyocytes and can be mobilized to the membrane in times of high haemodynamic or metabolic demand, to tune excitation–contraction coupling.
Abstract Voltage‐dependent L‐type CaV1.2 channels play an indispensable role in cardiac excitation–contraction coupling. Activation of the β‐adrenergic receptor (βAR)/cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signalling pathway leads to enhanced CaV1.2 activity, resulting in increased Ca2+ influx into ventricular myocytes and a positive inotropic response. CaV1.2 channels exhibit a clustered distribution along the T‐tubule sarcolemma of ventricular myocytes where nanometer proximity between channels permits Ca2+‐dependent co‐operative gating behaviour mediated by dynamic, physical, allosteric interactions between adjacent channel C‐terminal tails. This amplifies Ca2+ influx and augments myocyte Ca2+ transient and contraction amplitudes. We investigated whether βAR signalling could alter CaV1.2 channel clustering to facilitate co‐operative channel interactions and elevate Ca2+ influx in ventricular myocytes. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation experiments reveal that the βAR agonist, isoproterenol (ISO), promotes enhanced CaV1.2–CaV1.2 physical interactions. Super‐resolution nanoscopy and dynamic channel tracking indicate that these interactions are expedited by enhanced spatial proximity between channels, resulting in the appearance of CaV1.2 ‘super‐clusters’ along the z‐lines of ISO‐stimulated cardiomyocytes. The mechanism that leads to super‐cluster formation involves rapid, dynamic augmentation of sarcolemmal CaV1.2 channel abundance after ISO application. Optical and electrophysiological single channel recordings confirm that these newly inserted channels are functional and contribute to overt co‐operative gating behaviour of CaV1.2 channels in ISO stimulated myocytes. The results of the present study reveal a new facet of βAR‐mediated regulation of CaV1.2 channels in the heart and support the novel concept that a pre‐synthesized pool of sub‐sarcolemmal CaV1.2 channel‐containing vesicles/endosomes resides in cardiomyocytes and can be mobilized to the sarcolemma to tune excitation–contraction coupling to meet metabolic and/or haemodynamic demands. Prevailing dogma holds that activation of the β‐adrenergic receptor/cAMP/protein kinase A signalling pathway leads to enhanced L‐type CaV1.2 channel activity, resulting in increased Ca2+ influx into ventricular myocytes and a positive inotropic response. However, the full mechanistic and molecular details underlying this phenomenon are incompletely understood. CaV1.2 channel clusters decorate T‐tubule sarcolemmas of ventricular myocytes. Within clusters, nanometer proximity between channels permits Ca2+‐dependent co‐operative gating behaviour mediated by physical interactions between adjacent channel C‐terminal tails. We report that stimulation of cardiomyocytes with isoproterenol, evokes dynamic, protein kinase A‐dependent augmentation of CaV1.2 channel abundance along cardiomyocyte T‐tubules, resulting in the appearance of channel ‘super‐clusters’, and enhanced channel co‐operativity that amplifies Ca2+ influx. On the basis of these data, we suggest a new model in which a sub‐sarcolemmal pool of pre‐synthesized CaV1.2 channels resides in cardiomyocytes and can be mobilized to the membrane in times of high haemodynamic or metabolic demand, to tune excitation–contraction coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica W Ito
- Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Karen I Hannigan
- Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Debapriya Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Silvia G Del Villar
- Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Yang K Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.,VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA
| | - Eamonn J Dickson
- Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Manuel F Navedo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Rose E Dixon
- Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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33
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Lornage X, Romero NB, Grosgogeat CA, Malfatti E, Donkervoort S, Marchetti MM, Neuhaus SB, Foley AR, Labasse C, Schneider R, Carlier RY, Chao KR, Medne L, Deleuze JF, Orlikowski D, Bönnemann CG, Gupta VA, Fardeau M, Böhm J, Laporte J. ACTN2 mutations cause "Multiple structured Core Disease" (MsCD). Acta Neuropathol 2019; 137:501-519. [PMID: 30701273 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-019-01963-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The identification of genes implicated in myopathies is essential for diagnosis and for revealing novel therapeutic targets. Here we characterize a novel subclass of congenital myopathy at the morphological, molecular, and functional level. Through exome sequencing, we identified de novo ACTN2 mutations, a missense and a deletion, in two unrelated patients presenting with progressive early-onset muscle weakness and respiratory involvement. Morphological and ultrastructural analyses of muscle biopsies revealed a distinctive pattern with the presence of muscle fibers containing small structured cores and jagged Z-lines. Deeper analysis of the missense mutation revealed mutant alpha-actinin-2 properly localized to the Z-line in differentiating myotubes and its level was not altered in muscle biopsy. Modelling of the disease in zebrafish and mice by exogenous expression of mutated alpha-actinin-2 recapitulated the abnormal muscle function and structure seen in the patients. Motor deficits were noted in zebrafish, and muscle force was impaired in isolated muscles from AAV-transduced mice. In both models, sarcomeric disorganization was evident, while expression of wild-type alpha-actinin-2 did not result in muscle anomalies. The murine muscles injected with mutant ACTN2 displayed cores and Z-line defects. Dominant ACTN2 mutations were previously associated with cardiomyopathies, and our data demonstrate that specific mutations in the well-known Z-line regulator alpha-actinin-2 can cause a skeletal muscle disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavière Lornage
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 1, rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, 67404, Illkirch, France
- INSERM U1258, 67404, Illkirch, France
- CNRS, UMR7104, 67404, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, 67404, Illkirch, France
| | - Norma B Romero
- Université Sorbonne, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, CNRS FRE3617, Center for Research in Myology, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 Boulevard de l'hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
- Centre de référence de Pathologie Neuromusculaire Paris-Est, Institut de Myologie, GHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75013, Paris, France
- Neuromuscular Morphology Unit, Myology Institute, GHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Claire A Grosgogeat
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Edoardo Malfatti
- Centre de référence de Pathologie Neuromusculaire Paris-Est, Institut de Myologie, GHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75013, Paris, France
- Neuromuscular Morphology Unit, Myology Institute, GHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013, Paris, France
- Neurology Department, Raymond-Poincaré teaching hospital, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, AP-HP, 92380, Garches, France
| | - Sandra Donkervoort
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Michael M Marchetti
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sarah B Neuhaus
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - A Reghan Foley
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Clémence Labasse
- Centre de référence de Pathologie Neuromusculaire Paris-Est, Institut de Myologie, GHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75013, Paris, France
- Neuromuscular Morphology Unit, Myology Institute, GHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Schneider
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 1, rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, 67404, Illkirch, France
- INSERM U1258, 67404, Illkirch, France
- CNRS, UMR7104, 67404, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, 67404, Illkirch, France
| | - Robert Y Carlier
- Neurolocomotor Division, Department of Radiology, Raymond Poincare Hospital, University Hospitals Paris-Ile-de-France West, Public Hospital Network of Paris, 92380, Garches, France
- Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Katherine R Chao
- Center for Mendelian Genomics, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Livija Medne
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de biologie François Jacob, CEA, 91000, Evry, France
| | - David Orlikowski
- CIC 1429, INSERM, AP-HP, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, 92380, Garches, France
| | - Carsten G Bönnemann
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Vandana A Gupta
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Michel Fardeau
- Université Sorbonne, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, CNRS FRE3617, Center for Research in Myology, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 Boulevard de l'hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
- Centre de référence de Pathologie Neuromusculaire Paris-Est, Institut de Myologie, GHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75013, Paris, France
- Neuromuscular Morphology Unit, Myology Institute, GHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Johann Böhm
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 1, rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, 67404, Illkirch, France
- INSERM U1258, 67404, Illkirch, France
- CNRS, UMR7104, 67404, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, 67404, Illkirch, France
| | - Jocelyn Laporte
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 1, rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, 67404, Illkirch, France.
- INSERM U1258, 67404, Illkirch, France.
- CNRS, UMR7104, 67404, Illkirch, France.
- Université de Strasbourg, 67404, Illkirch, France.
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Prada MP, Syed AU, Buonarati OR, Reddy GR, Nystoriak MA, Ghosh D, Simó S, Sato D, Sasse KC, Ward SM, Santana LF, Xiang YK, Hell JW, Nieves-Cintrón M, Navedo MF. A G s-coupled purinergic receptor boosts Ca 2+ influx and vascular contractility during diabetic hyperglycemia. eLife 2019; 8:42214. [PMID: 30821687 PMCID: PMC6397001 DOI: 10.7554/elife.42214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated glucose increases vascular reactivity by promoting L-type CaV1.2 channel (LTCC) activity by protein kinase A (PKA). Yet, how glucose activates PKA is unknown. We hypothesized that a Gs-coupled P2Y receptor is an upstream activator of PKA mediating LTCC potentiation during diabetic hyperglycemia. Experiments in apyrase-treated cells suggested involvement of a P2Y receptor underlying the glucose effects on LTTCs. Using human tissue, expression for P2Y11, the only Gs-coupled P2Y receptor, was detected in nanometer proximity to CaV1.2 and PKA. FRET-based experiments revealed that the selective P2Y11 agonist NF546 and elevated glucose stimulate cAMP production resulting in enhanced PKA-dependent LTCC activity. These changes were blocked by the selective P2Y11 inhibitor NF340. Comparable results were observed in mouse tissue, suggesting that a P2Y11-like receptor is mediating the glucose response in these cells. These findings established a key role for P2Y11 in regulating PKA-dependent LTCC function and vascular reactivity during diabetic hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paz Prada
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Arsalan U Syed
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Olivia R Buonarati
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Gopireddy R Reddy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Matthew A Nystoriak
- Diabetes & Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Debapriya Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Sergi Simó
- Department of Cell Biology & Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Daisuke Sato
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States
| | | | - Sean M Ward
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, United States
| | - Luis F Santana
- Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Yang K Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States.,VA Northern California Healthcare System, Mather, United States
| | - Johannes W Hell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States
| | | | - Manuel F Navedo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States
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35
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Tousley A, Iuliano M, Weisman E, Sapp E, Richardson H, Vodicka P, Alexander J, Aronin N, DiFiglia M, Kegel-Gleason KB. Huntingtin associates with the actin cytoskeleton and α-actinin isoforms to influence stimulus dependent morphology changes. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212337. [PMID: 30768638 PMCID: PMC6377189 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
One response of cells to growth factor stimulus involves changes in morphology driven by the actin cytoskeleton and actin associated proteins which regulate functions such as cell adhesion, motility and in neurons, synaptic plasticity. Previous studies suggest that Huntingtin may be involved in regulating morphology however, there has been limited evidence linking endogenous Huntingtin localization or function with cytoplasmic actin in cells. We found that depletion of Huntingtin in human fibroblasts reduced adhesion and altered morphology and these phenotypes were made worse with growth factor stimulation, whereas the presence of the Huntington's Disease mutation inhibited growth factor induced changes in morphology and increased numbers of vinculin-positive focal adhesions. Huntingtin immunoreactivity localized to actin stress fibers, vinculin-positive adhesion contacts and membrane ruffles in fibroblasts. Interactome data from others has shown that Huntingtin can associate with α-actinin isoforms which bind actin filaments. Mapping studies using a cDNA encoding α-actinin-2 showed that it interacts within Huntingtin aa 399-969. Double-label immunofluorescence showed Huntingtin and α-actinin-1 co-localized to stress fibers, membrane ruffles and lamellar protrusions in fibroblasts. Proximity ligation assays confirmed a close molecular interaction between Huntingtin and α-actinin-1 in human fibroblasts and neurons. Huntingtin silencing with siRNA in fibroblasts blocked the recruitment of α-actinin-1 to membrane foci. These studies support the idea that Huntingtin is involved in regulating adhesion and actin dependent functions including those involving α-actinin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelaide Tousley
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Maria Iuliano
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Weisman
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ellen Sapp
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Heather Richardson
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Petr Vodicka
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Alexander
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Neil Aronin
- Department of Medicine and Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Marian DiFiglia
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kimberly B. Kegel-Gleason
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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36
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Zhang Z, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Zhao W, Chen X, Zhai J, Chen M, Du B, Deng X, Ji F, Wang C, Xiang Y, Li D, Wu H, Dong Q, Chen C, Li J. The effects of CACNA1C gene polymorphism on prefrontal cortex in both schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. Schizophr Res 2019; 204:193-200. [PMID: 30268820 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
CACNA1C gene polymorphism rs2007044 has been reported to be associated with schizophrenia, but its underlying brain mechanism is not clear. First, we conducted an exploratory functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study using an N-BACK task and a Stroop task in 194 subjects (55 schizophrenia patients and 139 healthy controls). Our whole brain analysis found that the risk allele was associated with reduced activation of the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) during the Stroop task (cluster size = 390 voxels, P < 0.05 TFCE-FWE corrected; peak MNI coordinates: x = -57, y = -6, z = 30). We also conducted a functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) study using the same Stroop task in an independent sample of 126 healthy controls to validate the fMRI finding. Our repeated-measures ANCOVA on the six channels (20, 27, 33, 34, 40 and 46) within the left IFG also found significant result. The polymorphism rs2007044 showed significant effect on the oxy-Hb data (F = 5.072, P = 0.026) and showed significant interaction effect with channels on the deoxy-Hb data (F = 2.841, P = 0.015). Taken together, results of this study suggested that rs2007044 could affect the activation of the left IFG, which was a possible brain mechanism underlying the association between CACNA1C gene polymorphism and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, PR China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, HePing Hospital of Chang Zhou, Jiangsu 213003, China
| | - Qiumei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, PR China; School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, 45# Jianshe South Road, Jining 272013, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Wan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, PR China
| | - Xiongying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, PR China
| | - Jinguo Zhai
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, 45# Jianshe South Road, Jining 272013, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Min Chen
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, 45# Jianshe South Road, Jining 272013, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Boqi Du
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, PR China
| | - Feng Ji
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, 45# Jianshe South Road, Jining 272013, Shandong Province, PR China
| | | | - Yutao Xiang
- Beijing Anding Hospital, Beijing 100088, PR China; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau
| | - Dawei Li
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hongjie Wu
- Shengli Hospital of Shengli Petroleum Administration Bureau, Dongying 257022, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Qi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, PR China
| | - Chuansheng Chen
- Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, PR China.
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37
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Jones PP, MacQuaide N, Louch WE. Dyadic Plasticity in Cardiomyocytes. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1773. [PMID: 30618792 PMCID: PMC6298195 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Contraction of cardiomyocytes is dependent on sub-cellular structures called dyads, where invaginations of the surface membrane (t-tubules) form functional junctions with the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Within each dyad, Ca2+ entry through t-tubular L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCCs) elicits Ca2+ release from closely apposed Ryanodine Receptors (RyRs) in the SR membrane. The efficiency of this process is dependent on the density and macroscale arrangement of dyads, but also on the nanoscale organization of LTCCs and RyRs within them. We presently review accumulating data demonstrating the remarkable plasticity of these structures. Dyads are known to form gradually during development, with progressive assembly of both t-tubules and junctional SR terminals, and precise trafficking of LTCCs and RyRs. While dyads can exhibit compensatory remodeling when required, dyadic degradation is believed to promote impaired contractility and arrythmogenesis in cardiac disease. Recent data indicate that this plasticity of dyadic structure/function is dependent on the regulatory proteins junctophilin-2, amphiphysin-2 (BIN1), and caveolin-3, which critically arrange dyadic membranes while stabilizing the position and activity of LTCCs and RyRs. Indeed, emerging evidence indicates that clustering of both channels enables "coupled gating", implying that nanoscale localization and function are intimately linked, and may allow fine-tuning of LTCC-RyR crosstalk. We anticipate that improved understanding of dyadic plasticity will provide greater insight into the processes of cardiac compensation and decompensation, and new opportunities to target the basic mechanisms underlying heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter P. Jones
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Niall MacQuaide
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Clyde Biosciences, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - William E. Louch
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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38
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Abstract
This review will first describe the importance of Ca2+ entry for function of excitable cells, and the subsequent discovery of voltage-activated calcium conductances in these cells. This finding was rapidly followed by the identification of multiple subtypes of calcium conductance in different tissues. These were initially termed low- and high-voltage activated currents, but were then further subdivided into L-, N-, PQ-, R- and T-type calcium currents on the basis of differing pharmacology, voltage-dependent and kinetic properties, and single channel conductance. Purification of skeletal muscle calcium channels allowed the molecular identification of the pore-forming and auxiliary α2δ, β and ϒ subunits present in these calcium channel complexes. These advances then led to the cloning of the different subunits, which permitted molecular characterisation, to match the cloned channels with physiological function. Studies with knockout and other mutant mice then allowed further investigation of physiological and pathophysiological roles of calcium channels. In terms of pharmacology, cardiovascular L-type channels are targets for the widely used antihypertensive 1,4-dihydropyridines and other calcium channel blockers, N-type channels are a drug target in pain, and α2δ-1 is the therapeutic target of the gabapentinoid drugs, used in neuropathic pain. Recent structural advances have allowed a deeper understanding of Ca2+ permeation through the channel pore and the structure of both the pore-forming and auxiliary subunits. Voltage-gated calcium channels are subject to multiple pathways of modulation by G-protein and second messenger regulation. Furthermore, their trafficking pathways, subcellular localisation and functional specificity are the subjects of active investigation.
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39
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Niu J, Dick IE, Yang W, Bamgboye MA, Yue DT, Tomaselli G, Inoue T, Ben-Johny M. Allosteric regulators selectively prevent Ca 2+-feedback of Ca V and Na V channels. eLife 2018; 7:35222. [PMID: 30198845 PMCID: PMC6156082 DOI: 10.7554/elife.35222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Calmodulin (CaM) serves as a pervasive regulatory subunit of CaV1, CaV2, and NaV1 channels, exploiting a functionally conserved carboxy-tail element to afford dynamic Ca2+-feedback of cellular excitability in neurons and cardiomyocytes. Yet this modularity counters functional adaptability, as global changes in ambient CaM indiscriminately alter its targets. Here, we demonstrate that two structurally unrelated proteins, SH3 and cysteine-rich domain (stac) and fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (fhf) selectively diminish Ca2+/CaM-regulation of CaV1 and NaV1 families, respectively. The two proteins operate on allosteric sites within upstream portions of respective channel carboxy-tails, distinct from the CaM-binding interface. Generalizing this mechanism, insertion of a short RxxK binding motif into CaV1.3 carboxy-tail confers synthetic switching of CaM regulation by Mona SH3 domain. Overall, our findings identify a general class of auxiliary proteins that modify Ca2+/CaM signaling to individual targets allowing spatial and temporal orchestration of feedback, and outline strategies for engineering Ca2+/CaM signaling to individual targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Niu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | - Ivy E Dick
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, United States
| | - Wanjun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | | | - David T Yue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | - Gordon Tomaselli
- Department of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | - Takanari Inoue
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States.,Center for Cell Dynamics, Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | - Manu Ben-Johny
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, United States
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40
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Niu J, Yang W, Yue DT, Inoue T, Ben-Johny M. Duplex signaling by CaM and Stac3 enhances Ca V1.1 function and provides insights into congenital myopathy. J Gen Physiol 2018; 150:1145-1161. [PMID: 29950399 PMCID: PMC6080896 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201812005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
CaV1.1 is essential for skeletal muscle excitation-contraction coupling. Its functional expression is tuned by numerous regulatory proteins, yet underlying modulatory mechanisms remain ambiguous as CaV1.1 fails to function in heterologous systems. In this study, by dissecting channel trafficking versus gating, we evaluated the requirements for functional CaV1.1 in heterologous systems. Although coexpression of the auxiliary β subunit is sufficient for surface-membrane localization, this baseline trafficking is weak, and channels elicit a diminished open probability. The regulatory proteins calmodulin and stac3 independently enhance channel trafficking and gating via their interaction with the CaV1.1 carboxy terminus. Myopathic stac3 mutations weaken channel binding and diminish trafficking. Our findings demonstrate that multiple regulatory proteins orchestrate CaV1.1 function via duplex mechanisms. Our work also furnishes insights into the pathophysiology of stac3-associated congenital myopathy and reveals novel avenues for pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Niu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Wanjun Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Takanari Inoue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Manu Ben-Johny
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY
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41
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Ghosh D, Nieves-Cintrón M, Tajada S, Brust-Mascher I, Horne MC, Hell JW, Dixon RE, Santana LF, Navedo MF. Dynamic L-type Ca V1.2 channel trafficking facilitates Ca V1.2 clustering and cooperative gating. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:1341-1355. [PMID: 29959960 PMCID: PMC6407617 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
L-type CaV1.2 channels are key regulators of gene expression, cell excitability and muscle contraction. CaV1.2 channels organize in clusters throughout the plasma membrane. This channel organization has been suggested to contribute to the concerted activation of adjacent CaV1.2 channels (e.g. cooperative gating). Here, we tested the hypothesis that dynamic intracellular and perimembrane trafficking of CaV1.2 channels is critical for formation and dissolution of functional channel clusters mediating cooperative gating. We found that CaV1.2 moves in vesicular structures of circular and tubular shape with diverse intracellular and submembrane trafficking patterns. Both microtubules and actin filaments are required for dynamic movement of CaV1.2 vesicles. These vesicles undergo constitutive homotypic fusion and fission events that sustain CaV1.2 clustering, channel activity and cooperative gating. Our study suggests that CaV1.2 clusters and activity can be modulated by diverse and unique intracellular and perimembrane vesicular dynamics to fine-tune Ca2+ signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debapriya Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Madeline Nieves-Cintrón
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sendoa Tajada
- Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ingrid Brust-Mascher
- Advanced Imaging Facility, School of Veterinary Medicine, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Mary C Horne
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Johannes W Hell
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Rose E Dixon
- Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Luis F Santana
- Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Manuel F Navedo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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42
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Leyva-Leyva M, Sandoval A, Felix R, González-Ramírez R. Biochemical and Functional Interplay Between Ion Channels and the Components of the Dystrophin-Associated Glycoprotein Complex. J Membr Biol 2018; 251:535-550. [PMID: 29779049 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-018-0036-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dystrophin is a cytoskeleton-linked membrane protein that binds to a larger multiprotein assembly called the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex (DGC). The deficiency of dystrophin or the components of the DGC results in the loss of connection between the cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix with significant pathophysiological implications in skeletal and cardiac muscle as well as in the nervous system. Although the DGC plays an important role in maintaining membrane stability, it can also be considered as a versatile and flexible molecular complex that contribute to the cellular organization and dynamics of a variety of proteins at specific locations in the plasma membrane. This review deals with the role of the DGC in transmembrane signaling by forming supramolecular assemblies for regulating ion channel localization and activity. These interactions are relevant for cell homeostasis, and its alterations may play a significant role in the etiology and pathogenesis of various disorders affecting muscle and nerve function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Leyva-Leyva
- Department of Molecular Biology and Histocompatibility, "Dr. Manuel Gea González" General Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Sandoval
- Faculty of Superior Studies Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Felix
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Ricardo González-Ramírez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Histocompatibility, "Dr. Manuel Gea González" General Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico.
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43
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Yang Y, Liu N, He Y, Liu Y, Ge L, Zou L, Song S, Xiong W, Liu X. Improved calcium sensor GCaMP-X overcomes the calcium channel perturbations induced by the calmodulin in GCaMP. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1504. [PMID: 29666364 PMCID: PMC5904127 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03719-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
GCaMP, one popular type of genetically-encoded Ca2+ indicator, has been associated with various side-effects. Here we unveil the intrinsic problem prevailing over different versions and applications, showing that GCaMP containing CaM (calmodulin) interferes with both gating and signaling of L-type calcium channels (CaV1). GCaMP acts as an impaired apoCaM and Ca2+/CaM, both critical to CaV1, which disrupts Ca2+ dynamics and gene expression. We then design and implement GCaMP-X, by incorporating an extra apoCaM-binding motif, effectively protecting CaV1-dependent excitation–transcription coupling from perturbations. GCaMP-X resolves the problems of detrimental nuclear accumulation, acute and chronic Ca2+ dysregulation, and aberrant transcription signaling and cell morphogenesis, while still demonstrating excellent Ca2+-sensing characteristics partly inherited from GCaMP. In summary, CaM/CaV1 gating and signaling mechanisms are elucidated for GCaMP side-effects, while allowing the development of GCaMP-X to appropriately monitor cytosolic, submembrane or nuclear Ca2+, which is also expected to guide the future design of CaM-based molecular tools. The popular genetically-encoded Ca2+ indicator, GCaMP, has several side-effects. Here the authors show that GCaMP containing CaM interferes with gating and signaling of L-type calcium channels, which disrupts Ca2+ dynamics and gene expression, and develop GCaMP-X to overcome these limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxiong Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, X-Lab for Transmembrane Signaling Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 102402, China.,IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, X-Lab for Transmembrane Signaling Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,School of Life Sciences, Yunan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Yuanyuan He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, X-Lab for Transmembrane Signaling Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuxia Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, X-Lab for Transmembrane Signaling Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Lin Ge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, X-Lab for Transmembrane Signaling Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Linzhi Zou
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Sen Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, X-Lab for Transmembrane Signaling Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, X-Lab for Transmembrane Signaling Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. .,School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China. .,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 102402, China. .,IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. .,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. .,Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
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44
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Matt L, Kim K, Hergarden AC, Patriarchi T, Malik ZA, Park DK, Chowdhury D, Buonarati OR, Henderson PB, Gökçek Saraç Ç, Zhang Y, Mohapatra D, Horne MC, Ames JB, Hell JW. α-Actinin Anchors PSD-95 at Postsynaptic Sites. Neuron 2018; 97:1094-1109.e9. [PMID: 29429936 PMCID: PMC5963734 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite the central role PSD-95 plays in anchoring postsynaptic AMPARs, how PSD-95 itself is tethered to postsynaptic sites is not well understood. Here we show that the F-actin binding protein α-actinin binds to the very N terminus of PSD-95. Knockdown (KD) of α-actinin phenocopies KD of PSD-95. Mutating lysine at position 10 or lysine at position 11 of PSD-95 to glutamate, or glutamate at position 53 or glutamate and aspartate at positions 213 and 217 of α-actinin, respectively, to lysine impairs, in parallel, PSD-95 binding to α-actinin and postsynaptic localization of PSD-95 and AMPARs. These experiments identify α-actinin as a critical PSD-95 anchor tethering the AMPAR-PSD-95 complex to postsynaptic sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Matt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Karam Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Anne C Hergarden
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Tommaso Patriarchi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Zulfiqar A Malik
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Deborah K Park
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Olivia R Buonarati
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Peter B Henderson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Çiğdem Gökçek Saraç
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Durga Mohapatra
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Mary C Horne
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - James B Ames
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Johannes W Hell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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45
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Izadi M, Schlobinski D, Lahr M, Schwintzer L, Qualmann B, Kessels MM. Cobl-like promotes actin filament formation and dendritic branching using only a single WH2 domain. J Cell Biol 2017; 217:211-230. [PMID: 29233863 PMCID: PMC5748978 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201704071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Local actin filament formation powers the development of the signal-receiving arbor of neurons. In this study, Izadi et al. demonstrate that Cobl-like, which bears only a single WH2 domain, mediates dendritic branching by coordinating with the F-actin–binding protein Abp1 in a Ca2+/CaM-controlled manner to control actin dynamics. Local actin filament formation powers the development of the signal-receiving arbor of neurons that underlies neuronal network formation. Yet, little is known about the molecules that drive these processes and may functionally connect them to the transient calcium pulses observed in restricted areas in the forming dendritic arbor. Here we demonstrate that Cordon-Bleu (Cobl)–like, an uncharacterized protein suggested to represent a very distantly related, evolutionary ancestor of the actin nucleator Cobl, despite having only a single G-actin–binding Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein Homology 2 (WH2) domain, massively promoted the formation of F-actin–rich membrane ruffles of COS-7 cells and of dendritic branches of neurons. Cobl-like hereby integrates WH2 domain functions with those of the F-actin–binding protein Abp1. Cobl-like–mediated dendritic branching is dependent on Abp1 as well as on Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM) signaling and CaM association. Calcium signaling leads to a promotion of complex formation with Cobl-like’s cofactor Abp1. Thus, Ca2+/CaM control of actin dynamics seems to be a much more broadly used principle in cell biology than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Izadi
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Dirk Schlobinski
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Lahr
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Lukas Schwintzer
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Britta Qualmann
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael M Kessels
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
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46
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Folci A, Steinberger A, Lee B, Stanika R, Scheruebel S, Campiglio M, Ramprecht C, Pelzmann B, Hell JW, Obermair GJ, Heine M, Di Biase V. Molecular mimicking of C-terminal phosphorylation tunes the surface dynamics of Ca V1.2 calcium channels in hippocampal neurons. J Biol Chem 2017; 293:1040-1053. [PMID: 29180451 PMCID: PMC5777246 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.799585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
L-type voltage-gated CaV1.2 calcium channels (CaV1.2) are key regulators of neuronal excitability, synaptic plasticity, and excitation-transcription coupling. Surface-exposed CaV1.2 distributes in clusters along the dendrites of hippocampal neurons. A permanent exchange between stably clustered and laterally diffusive extra-clustered channels maintains steady-state levels of CaV1.2 at dendritic signaling domains. A dynamic equilibrium between anchored and diffusive receptors is a common feature among ion channels and is crucial to modulate signaling transduction. Despite the importance of this fine regulatory system, the molecular mechanisms underlying the surface dynamics of CaV1.2 are completely unexplored. Here, we examined the dynamic states of CaV1.2 depending on phosphorylation on Ser-1700 and Ser-1928 at the channel C terminus. Phosphorylation at these sites is strongly involved in CaV1.2-mediated nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) signaling, long-term potentiation, and responsiveness to adrenergic stimulation. We engineered CaV1.2 constructs mimicking phosphorylation at Ser-1700 and Ser-1928 and analyzed their behavior at the membrane by immunolabeling protocols, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, and single particle tracking. We found that the phosphomimetic S1928E variant increases the mobility of CaV1.2 without altering the steady-state maintenance of cluster in young neurons and favors channel stabilization later in differentiation. Instead, mimicking phosphorylation at Ser-1700 promoted the diffusive state of CaV1.2 irrespective of the differentiation stage. Together, these results reveal that phosphorylation could contribute to the establishment of channel anchoring mechanisms depending on the neuronal differentiation state. Finally, our findings suggest a novel mechanism by which phosphorylation at the C terminus regulates calcium signaling by tuning the content of CaV1.2 at signaling complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Folci
- From the Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Angela Steinberger
- From the Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Boram Lee
- the Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Ruslan Stanika
- the Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria, and
| | - Susanne Scheruebel
- From the Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Marta Campiglio
- the Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria, and
| | - Claudia Ramprecht
- From the Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Brigitte Pelzmann
- From the Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Johannes W Hell
- the Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Gerald J Obermair
- the Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria, and
| | - Martin Heine
- the Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Valentina Di Biase
- From the Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria,
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47
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Buonarati OR, Henderson PB, Murphy GG, Horne MC, Hell JW. Proteolytic processing of the L-type Ca 2+ channel alpha 11.2 subunit in neurons. F1000Res 2017; 6:1166. [PMID: 28781760 PMCID: PMC5531164 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.11808.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The L-type Ca2+ channel Cav1.2 is a prominent regulator of neuronal excitability, synaptic plasticity, and gene expression. The central element of Cav1.2 is the pore-forming α 11.2 subunit. It exists in two major size forms, whose molecular masses have proven difficult to precisely determine. Recent work suggests that α 11.2 is proteolytically cleaved between the second and third of its four pore-forming domains (Michailidis et al,. 2014). Methods: To better determine the apparent molecular masses (M R)of the α 11.2 size forms, extensive systematic immunoblotting of brain tissue as well as full length and C-terminally truncated α 11.2 expressed in HEK293 cells was conducted using six different region-specific antibodies against α 11.2. Results: The full length form of α 11.2 migrated, as expected, with an apparent M R of ~250 kDa. A shorter form of comparable prevalence with an apparent M R of ~210 kDa could only be detected in immunoblots probed with antibodies recognizing α 11.2 at an epitope 400 or more residues upstream of the C-terminus. Conclusions: The main two size forms of α 11.2 are the full length form and a shorter form, which lacks ~350 distal C-terminal residues. Midchannel cleavage as suggested by Michailidis et al. (2014) is at best minimal in brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Geoffrey G. Murphy
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mary C. Horne
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Johannes W. Hell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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48
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Buonarati OR, Henderson PB, Murphy GG, Horne MC, Hell JW. Proteolytic processing of the L-type Ca 2+ channel alpha 11.2 subunit in neurons. F1000Res 2017; 6:1166. [PMID: 28781760 PMCID: PMC5531164 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.11808.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The L-type Ca2+ channel Cav1.2 is a prominent regulator of neuronal excitability, synaptic plasticity, and gene expression. The central element of Cav1.2 is the pore-forming α 11.2 subunit. It exists in two major size forms, whose molecular masses have proven difficult to precisely determine. Recent work suggests that α 11.2 is proteolytically cleaved between the second and third of its four pore-forming domains (Michailidis et al,. 2014). Methods: To better determine the apparent molecular masses (M R)of the α 11.2 size forms, extensive systematic immunoblotting of brain tissue as well as full length and C-terminally truncated α 11.2 expressed in HEK293 cells was conducted using six different region-specific antibodies against α 11.2. Results: The full length form of α 11.2 migrated, as expected, with an apparent M R of ~250 kDa. A shorter form of comparable prevalence with an apparent M R of ~210 kDa could only be detected in immunoblots probed with antibodies recognizing α 11.2 at an epitope 400 or more residues upstream of the C-terminus. Conclusions: The main two size forms of α 11.2 are the full length form and a shorter form, which lacks ~350 distal C-terminal residues. Midchannel cleavage as suggested by Michailidis et al. (2014) is at best minimal in brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Geoffrey G. Murphy
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mary C. Horne
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Johannes W. Hell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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49
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Tseng PY, Henderson PB, Hergarden AC, Patriarchi T, Coleman AM, Lillya MW, Montagut-Bordas C, Lee B, Hell JW, Horne MC. α-Actinin Promotes Surface Localization and Current Density of the Ca 2+ Channel Ca V1.2 by Binding to the IQ Region of the α1 Subunit. Biochemistry 2017; 56:3669-3681. [PMID: 28613835 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ channel CaV1.2 is crucial for initiating heartbeat and control of a number of neuronal functions such as neuronal excitability and long-term potentiation. Mutations of CaV1.2 subunits result in serious health problems, including arrhythmia, autism spectrum disorders, immunodeficiency, and hypoglycemia. Thus, precise control of CaV1.2 surface expression and localization is essential. We previously reported that α-actinin associates and colocalizes with neuronal CaV1.2 channels and that shRNA-mediated depletion of α-actinin significantly reduces localization of endogenous CaV1.2 in dendritic spines in hippocampal neurons. Here we investigated the hypothesis that direct binding of α-actinin to CaV1.2 supports its surface expression. Using two-hybrid screens and pull-down assays, we identified three point mutations (K1647A, Y1649A, and I1654A) in the central, pore-forming α11.2 subunit of CaV1.2 that individually impaired α-actinin binding. Surface biotinylation and flow cytometry assays revealed that CaV1.2 channels composed of the corresponding α-actinin-binding-deficient mutants result in a 35-40% reduction in surface expression compared to that of wild-type channels. Moreover, the mutant CaV1.2 channels expressed in HEK293 cells exhibit a 60-75% decrease in current density. The larger decrease in current density as compared to surface expression imparted by these α11.2 subunit mutations hints at the possibility that α-actinin not only stabilizes surface localization of CaV1.2 but also augments its ion conducting activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pang-Yen Tseng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California , Davis, California 95615-8636, United States
| | - Peter B Henderson
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California , Davis, California 95615-8636, United States
| | - Anne C Hergarden
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California , Davis, California 95615-8636, United States
| | - Tommaso Patriarchi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California , Davis, California 95615-8636, United States
| | - Andrea M Coleman
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California , Davis, California 95615-8636, United States
| | - Mark W Lillya
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California , Davis, California 95615-8636, United States
| | - Carlota Montagut-Bordas
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California , Davis, California 95615-8636, United States
| | - Boram Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California , Davis, California 95615-8636, United States
| | - Johannes W Hell
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California , Davis, California 95615-8636, United States
| | - Mary C Horne
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California , Davis, California 95615-8636, United States
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50
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Proteoglycans, ion channels and cell-matrix adhesion. Biochem J 2017; 474:1965-1979. [PMID: 28546458 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cell surface proteoglycans comprise a transmembrane or membrane-associated core protein to which one or more glycosaminoglycan chains are covalently attached. They are ubiquitous receptors on nearly all animal cell surfaces. In mammals, the cell surface proteoglycans include the six glypicans, CD44, NG2 (CSPG4), neuropilin-1 and four syndecans. A single syndecan is present in invertebrates such as nematodes and insects. Uniquely, syndecans are receptors for many classes of proteins that can bind to the heparan sulphate chains present on syndecan core proteins. These range from cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and morphogens to enzymes and extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoproteins and collagens. Extracellular interactions with other receptors, such as some integrins, are mediated by the core protein. This places syndecans at the nexus of many cellular responses to extracellular cues in development, maintenance, repair and disease. The cytoplasmic domains of syndecans, while having no intrinsic kinase activity, can nevertheless signal through binding proteins. All syndecans appear to be connected to the actin cytoskeleton and can therefore contribute to cell adhesion, notably to the ECM and migration. Recent data now suggest that syndecans can regulate stretch-activated ion channels. The structure and function of the syndecans and the ion channels are reviewed here, along with an analysis of ion channel functions in cell-matrix adhesion. This area sheds new light on the syndecans, not least since evidence suggests that this is an evolutionarily conserved relationship that is also potentially important in the progression of some common diseases where syndecans are implicated.
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