1
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Nguyen TTM, Gadet R, Lanfranchi M, Lahaye RA, Yandiev S, Lohez O, Mikaelian I, Jabbour L, Rimokh R, Courchet J, Saudou F, Popgeorgiev N, Gillet G. Mitochondrial Bcl-xL promotes brain synaptogenesis by controlling non-lethal caspase activation. iScience 2023; 26:106674. [PMID: 37182099 PMCID: PMC10173740 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-lethal caspase activation (NLCA) has been linked to neurodevelopmental processes. However, how neurons control NLCA remains elusive. Here, we focused on Bcl-xL, a Bcl-2 homolog regulating caspase activation through the mitochondria. We generated a mouse model, referred to as ER-xL, in which Bcl-xL is absent in the mitochondria, yet present in the endoplasmic reticulum. Unlike bclx knockout mice that died at E13.5, ER-xL mice survived embryonic development but died post-partum because of altered feeding behavior. Enhanced caspase-3 activity was observed in the brain and the spinal cord white matter, but not the gray matter. No increase in cell death was observed in ER-xL cortical neurons, suggesting that the observed caspase-3 activation was apoptosis-independent. ER-xL neurons displayed increased caspase-3 activity in the neurites, resulting in impaired axon arborescence and synaptogenesis. Together, our findings suggest that mitochondrial Bcl-xL finely tunes caspase-3 through Drp-1-dependent mitochondrial fission, which is critical to neural network design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Thi Minh Nguyen
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Rudy Gadet
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Marine Lanfranchi
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR 5261, INSERM U 1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Romane A. Lahaye
- Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1216, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Sozerko Yandiev
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR 5261, INSERM U 1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Lohez
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Ivan Mikaelian
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Lea Jabbour
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Ruth Rimokh
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Julien Courchet
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR 5261, INSERM U 1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Saudou
- Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1216, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Nikolay Popgeorgiev
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75231 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Germain Gillet
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
- Hospices civils de Lyon, Laboratoire d’anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69495 Pierre Bénite, France
- Corresponding author
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2
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Reinhardt L, Musacchio F, Bichmann M, Behrendt A, Ercan-Herbst E, Stein J, Becher I, Haberkant P, Mader J, Schöndorf DC, Schmitt M, Korffmann J, Reinhardt P, Pohl C, Savitski M, Klein C, Gasparini L, Fuhrmann M, Ehrnhoefer DE. Dual truncation of tau by caspase-2 accelerates its CHIP-mediated degradation. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 182:106126. [PMID: 37086756 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraneuronal aggregates of the microtubule binding protein Tau are a hallmark of different neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). In these aggregates, Tau is modified by posttranslational modifications such as phosphorylation as well as by proteolytic cleavage. Here we identify a novel Tau cleavage site at aspartate 65 (D65) that is specific for caspase-2. In addition, we show that the previously described cleavage site at D421 is also efficiently processed by caspase-2, and both sites are cleaved in human brain samples. Caspase-2-generated Tau fragments show increased aggregation potential in vitro, but do not accumulate in vivo after AAV-mediated overexpression in mouse hippocampus. Interestingly, we observe that steady-state protein levels of caspase-2 generated Tau fragments are low in our in vivo model despite strong RNA expression, suggesting efficient clearance. Consistent with this hypothesis, we find that caspase-2 cleavage significantly improves the recognition of Tau by the ubiquitin E3 ligase CHIP, leading to increased ubiquitination and faster degradation of Tau fragments. Taken together our data thus suggest that CHIP-induced ubiquitination is of particular importance for the clearance of caspase-2 generated Tau fragments in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Reinhardt
- BioMed X Institute, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Discovery, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Fabrizio Musacchio
- Neuroimmunology and Imaging Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Maria Bichmann
- BioMed X Institute, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annika Behrendt
- BioMed X Institute, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ebru Ercan-Herbst
- BioMed X Institute, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Juliane Stein
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Discovery, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Isabelle Becher
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Per Haberkant
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Mader
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Discovery, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - David C Schöndorf
- BioMed X Institute, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Discovery, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Melanie Schmitt
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Discovery, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Jürgen Korffmann
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Discovery, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Peter Reinhardt
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Discovery, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Christian Pohl
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Discovery, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Mikhail Savitski
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Corinna Klein
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Discovery, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Laura Gasparini
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Discovery, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Martin Fuhrmann
- Neuroimmunology and Imaging Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dagmar E Ehrnhoefer
- BioMed X Institute, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Discovery, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany.
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3
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Wakatsuki S, Araki T. Novel insights into the mechanism of reactive oxygen species-mediated neurodegeneration. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:746-749. [DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.354509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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4
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Angel JP, Daniels BP. Paradoxical roles for programmed cell death signaling during viral infection of the central nervous system. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2022; 77:102629. [PMID: 36162201 PMCID: PMC10754211 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.102629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is an essential mechanism of antimicrobial defense. Recent work has revealed an unexpected diversity in the types of PCD elicited during infection, as well as defined unique roles for different PCD modalities in shaping the immune response. Here, we review recent work describing unique ways in which PCD signaling operates within the infected central nervous system (CNS). These studies reveal striking complexity in the regulation of PCD signaling by CNS cells, including both protective and pathological outcomes in the control of infection. Studies defining the specialized molecular mechanisms shaping PCD responses in the CNS promise to yield much needed new insights into the pathogenesis of neuroinvasive viral infection, informing future therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan P Angel
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA. https://twitter.com/JuanP_Angell
| | - Brian P Daniels
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
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5
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Okeke ES, Luo M, Feng W, Zhang Y, Mao G, Chen Y, Zeng Z, Qian X, Sun L, Yang L, Wu X. Transcriptomic profiling and differential analysis revealed the neurodevelopmental toxicity mechanisms of zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae in response to tetrabromobisphenol A bis(2-hydroxyethyl) ether (TBBPA-DHEE) exposure. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 259:109382. [PMID: 35640788 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A bis(2-hydroxyetyl) ether (TBBPA-DHEE) is among the main derivatives of Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA). Result from previous study showed that TBBPA-DHEE can cause neurotoxicity in rat. In this study, zebrafish larvae were used for evaluation of TBBPA-DHEE-induced developmental toxicity, apoptosis, oxidative stress and the potential molecular mechanisms of action. Our result showed that TBBPA-DHEE exposure caused a significant concentration-dependent developmental toxicity endpoints like death rate, malformation rate, growth rate. TBBPA-DHEE altered locomotor and enzymes activities of larvae and caused apoptosis within the brain indicating the potential TBBPA-DHEE-induced cardiac, brain impairment in the zebrafish larvae. Our transcriptomic analysis shows that 691 genes were differentially expressed (DEGs) (539 upregulated, 152 downregulated). The KEGG and GO enrichment pathway analysis shows that the DEGs were involved in development, immunity, enzyme activity. Our study provides novel evidence on the neurodevelopmental toxicity and toxicity mechanism of TBBPA-DHEE which are vital for assessment of the environmental toxicity and risk assessment of the chemical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Sunday Okeke
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China; Department of Biochemistry, FBS & Natural Science Unit, SGS, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State 410001, Nigeria
| | - Mengna Luo
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiwei Feng
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiran Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guanghua Mao
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengjia Zeng
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xian Qian
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangyang Wu
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
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6
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Heib M, Weiß J, Saggau C, Hoyer J, Fuchslocher Chico J, Voigt S, Adam D. Ars moriendi: Proteases as sculptors of cellular suicide. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119191. [PMID: 34973300 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Ars moriendi, which translates to "The Art of Dying," encompasses two Latin texts that gave advice on how to die well and without fear according to the Christian precepts of the late Middle Ages. Given that ten to hundred billion cells die in our bodies every day, it is obvious that the concept of a well and orderly ("regulated") death is also paramount at the cellular level. In apoptosis, as the most well-studied form of regulated cell death, proteases of the caspase family are the central mediators. However, caspases are not the only proteases that act as sculptors of cellular suicide, and therefore, we here provide an overview of the impact of proteases in apoptosis and other forms of regulated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Heib
- Institut für Immunologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Michaelisstr. 5, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jonas Weiß
- Institut für Immunologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Michaelisstr. 5, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Carina Saggau
- Institut für Immunologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Michaelisstr. 5, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Justus Hoyer
- Institut für Immunologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Michaelisstr. 5, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Susann Voigt
- Institut für Immunologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Michaelisstr. 5, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Dieter Adam
- Institut für Immunologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Michaelisstr. 5, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
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7
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Weghorst F, Mirzakhanyan Y, Hernandez KL, Gershon PD, Cramer KS. Non-Apoptotic Caspase Activity Preferentially Targets a Novel Consensus Sequence Associated With Cytoskeletal Proteins in the Developing Auditory Brainstem. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:844844. [PMID: 35330912 PMCID: PMC8940215 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.844844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The auditory brainstem relies on precise circuitry to facilitate sound source localization. In the chick, the development of this specialized circuitry requires non-apoptotic activity of caspase-3, for which we previously identified several hundred proteolytic substrates. Here we tested whether the sequence of the caspase cleavage site differentially encodes proteolytic preference in apoptotic and non-apoptotic contexts. We constructed a consensus sequence for caspase activity in the non-apoptotic chick auditory brainstem comprising the four residues N-terminal to the cleavage site: IX(G/R)D↓ where X represents no significant enrichment and ↓ represents the cleavage site. We identified GO terms significantly enriched among caspase substrates containing motifs found in the above consensus sequence. (G/R)D↓ was associated with the term “Structural Constituent of Cytoskeleton” (SCoC), suggesting that SCoC proteins may be specifically targeted by caspase activity during non-apoptotic developmental processes. To ascertain whether this consensus sequence was specific to the non-apoptotic auditory brainstem at embryonic day (E) 10, we used protein mass spectrometry of brainstems harvested at a time when auditory brainstem neurons undergo apoptotic cell death (E13). The apoptotic motif VD was significantly enriched among E13 cleavage sites, indicating that motif preference at the P2 subsite had shifted toward the canonical caspase consensus sequence. Additionally, Monte Carlo simulations revealed that only the GD motif was associated with SCoC substrates in the apoptotic auditory brainstem, indicating that GD encodes specificity for SCoC proteins in both non-apoptotic and apoptotic contexts, despite not being preferred in the latter. Finally, to identify candidate human non-apoptotic consensus sequences, we used Monte Carlo analyses to determine motifs and motif pairs associated with SCoC caspase substrates in the Degrabase, a database of cleavage sites in human apoptotic cell lines. We found 11 motifs significantly associated with SCoC proteolysis, including IXXD and GD. We employed a stepwise method to select motif pairs that optimized SCoC specificity for a given coverage of SCoC cleavage events, yielding 11 motif pairs likely to be preferred in SCoC-directed human non-apoptotic caspase consensus sequences. GD + IXXD was among these motif pairs, suggesting a conservation of non-apoptotic consensus sites among vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forrest Weghorst
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Yeva Mirzakhanyan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | | | - Paul D Gershon
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Karina S Cramer
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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8
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Bell RAV, Al-Khalaf MH, Brunette S, Alsowaida D, Chu A, Bandukwala H, Dechant G, Apostolova G, Dilworth FJ, Megeney LA. Chromatin Reorganization during Myoblast Differentiation Involves the Caspase-Dependent Removal of SATB2. Cells 2022; 11:cells11060966. [PMID: 35326417 PMCID: PMC8946544 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The induction of lineage-specific gene programs are strongly influenced by alterations in local chromatin architecture. However, key players that impact this genome reorganization remain largely unknown. Here, we report that the removal of the special AT-rich binding protein 2 (SATB2), a nuclear protein known to bind matrix attachment regions, is a key event in initiating myogenic differentiation. The deletion of myoblast SATB2 in vitro initiates chromatin remodeling and accelerates differentiation, which is dependent on the caspase 7-mediated cleavage of SATB2. A genome-wide analysis indicates that SATB2 binding within chromatin loops and near anchor points influences both loop and sub-TAD domain formation. Consequently, the chromatin changes that occur with the removal of SATB2 lead to the derepression of differentiation-inducing factors while also limiting the expression of genes that inhibit this cell fate change. Taken together, this study demonstrates that the temporal control of the SATB2 protein is critical in shaping the chromatin environment and coordinating the myogenic differentiation program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A. V. Bell
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (R.A.V.B.); (M.H.A.-K.); (S.B.); (D.A.); (A.C.); (H.B.); (F.J.D.)
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Mohammad H. Al-Khalaf
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (R.A.V.B.); (M.H.A.-K.); (S.B.); (D.A.); (A.C.); (H.B.); (F.J.D.)
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Steve Brunette
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (R.A.V.B.); (M.H.A.-K.); (S.B.); (D.A.); (A.C.); (H.B.); (F.J.D.)
| | - Dalal Alsowaida
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (R.A.V.B.); (M.H.A.-K.); (S.B.); (D.A.); (A.C.); (H.B.); (F.J.D.)
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Alphonse Chu
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (R.A.V.B.); (M.H.A.-K.); (S.B.); (D.A.); (A.C.); (H.B.); (F.J.D.)
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Hina Bandukwala
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (R.A.V.B.); (M.H.A.-K.); (S.B.); (D.A.); (A.C.); (H.B.); (F.J.D.)
| | - Georg Dechant
- Institute of Neuroscience, Medical University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (G.D.); (G.A.)
| | - Galina Apostolova
- Institute of Neuroscience, Medical University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (G.D.); (G.A.)
| | - F. Jeffrey Dilworth
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (R.A.V.B.); (M.H.A.-K.); (S.B.); (D.A.); (A.C.); (H.B.); (F.J.D.)
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Lynn A. Megeney
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (R.A.V.B.); (M.H.A.-K.); (S.B.); (D.A.); (A.C.); (H.B.); (F.J.D.)
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Correspondence:
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9
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Juanez K, Ghose P. Repurposing the Killing Machine: Non-canonical Roles of the Cell Death Apparatus in Caenorhabditis elegans Neurons. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:825124. [PMID: 35237604 PMCID: PMC8882910 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.825124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we highlight the increasingly divergent functions of the Caenorhabditis elegans cell elimination genes in the nervous system, beyond their well-documented roles in cell dismantling and removal. We describe relevant background on the C. elegans nervous system together with the apoptotic cell death and engulfment pathways, highlighting pioneering work in C. elegans. We discuss in detail the unexpected, atypical roles of cell elimination genes in various aspects of neuronal development, response and function. This includes the regulation of cell division, pruning, axon regeneration, and behavioral outputs. We share our outlook on expanding our thinking as to what cell elimination genes can do and noting their versatility. We speculate on the existence of novel genes downstream and upstream of the canonical cell death pathways relevant to neuronal biology. We also propose future directions emphasizing the exploration of the roles of cell death genes in pruning and guidance during embryonic development.
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10
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Coccia E, Solé M, Comella JX. FAIM-L - SIVA-1: Two Modulators of XIAP in Non-Apoptotic Caspase Function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:826037. [PMID: 35083225 PMCID: PMC8784879 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.826037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is crucial for the correct development of the nervous system. In adulthood, the same protein machinery involved in programmed cell death can control neuronal adaptiveness through modulation of synaptic pruning and synaptic plasticity processes. Caspases are the main executioners in these molecular pathways, and their strict regulation is essential to perform neuronal remodeling preserving cell survival. FAIM-L and SIVA-1 are regulators of caspase activation. In this review we will focus on FAIM-L and SIVA-1 as two functional antagonists that modulate non-apoptotic caspase activity in neurons. Their participation in long-term depression and neurite pruning will be described in base of the latest studies performed. In addition, the association of FAIM-L non-apoptotic functions with the neurodegeneration process will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Coccia
- Cell Signaling and Apoptosis Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica I Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Montse Solé
- Cell Signaling and Apoptosis Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica I Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Joan X Comella
- Cell Signaling and Apoptosis Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica I Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
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11
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Two hit mitochondrial-driven model of synapse loss in neurodegeneration. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 158:105451. [PMID: 34298088 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In healthy neurons, a mitochondrial membrane potential gradient exists whereby membrane potential is highest in the soma and decreases with distance from the nucleus. Correspondingly, distal mitochondria have more oxidative damage and slower protein import than somal mitochondria. Due to these differences, distal mitochondria have an intrinsic first stressor that somal mitochondria do not have, resulting in synaptic mitochondrial vulnerability. A second stressor may result from mutant protein expression, situational stress, or aging, exacerbating vulnerable mitochondria activating stress responses. Under these conditions, distal mitochondria release cytochrome c and mitochondrial DNA, leading to compartmentalized sub-lethal caspase-3 activation and cytokine production. In this two-hit mitochondrial-driven synaptic loss model, synapse vulnerability during neurodegeneration is explained as a superposition of pre-existing lower synaptic mitochondrial membrane potential (hit one) with additional mitochondrial stress (hit two). This two-hit mechanism occurs in synaptic mitochondria, activating signaling pathways leading to synaptic degeneration, as a potential preamble to neuronal death.
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12
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Caspase Activation and Caspase-Mediated Cleavage of APP Is Associated with Amyloid β-Protein-Induced Synapse Loss in Alzheimer's Disease. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107839. [PMID: 32610140 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid β-protein (Aβ) toxicity is hypothesized to play a seminal role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. However, it remains unclear how Aβ causes synaptic dysfunction and synapse loss. We hypothesize that one mechanism of Aβ-induced synaptic injury is related to the cleavage of amyloid β precursor protein (APP) at position D664 by caspases that release the putatively cytotoxic C31 peptide. In organotypic slice cultures derived from mice with a knock-in mutation in the APP gene (APP D664A) to inhibit caspase cleavage, Aβ-induced synaptic injury is markedly reduced in two models of Aβ toxicity. Loss of dendritic spines is also attenuated in mice treated with caspase inhibitors. Importantly, the time-dependent dendritic spine loss is correlated with localized activation of caspase-3 but is absent in APP D664A cultures. We propose that the APP cytosolic domain plays an essential role in Aβ-induced synaptic damage in the injury pathway mediated by localized caspase activation.
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13
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Regulation of phospholipid dynamics in brain. Neurosci Res 2021; 167:30-37. [PMID: 33476682 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipids are asymmetrically distributed at the plasma membrane. Phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) is exclusively located in the inner leaflet of the cell membrane while phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) and glycolipids are mainly located in the outer leaflet of the membrane. However, this asymmetry is disrupted in various physiological situations, and PtdSer is exposed on the cell surface. In platelets, exposed PtdSer functions as a scaffold for the coagulation reaction, while in dead cells, exposed PtdSer serves as an "Eat-me" signal for efferocytosis. In the developing brain, synaptic connections are over-formed during the fetal period, but about half of the neurons are removed by apoptosis, and synaptic and dendritic compartments of living neurons are also removed by phagocytes. During these processes, glial cells such as microglia and astrocyte engulf unwanted dead cells and compartments in living cells using several phagocytic receptors, recognizing PtdSer by direct binding or an indirect way using secreted molecules. Based on recent findings, we will discuss how the compartments in living neurons are eliminated for the neuronal circuit plasticity.
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14
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Weghorst F, Mirzakhanyan Y, Samimi K, Dhillon M, Barzik M, Cunningham LL, Gershon PD, Cramer KS. Caspase-3 Cleaves Extracellular Vesicle Proteins During Auditory Brainstem Development. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:573345. [PMID: 33281555 PMCID: PMC7689216 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.573345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sound localization requires extremely precise development of auditory brainstem circuits, the molecular mechanisms of which are largely unknown. We previously demonstrated a novel requirement for non-apoptotic activity of the protease caspase-3 in chick auditory brainstem development. Here, we used mass spectrometry to identify proteolytic substrates of caspase-3 during chick auditory brainstem development. These auditory brainstem caspase-3 substrates were enriched for proteins previously shown to be cleaved by caspase-3, especially in non-apoptotic contexts. Functional annotation analysis revealed that our caspase-3 substrates were also enriched for proteins associated with several protein categories, including proteins found in extracellular vesicles (EVs), membrane-bound nanoparticles that function in intercellular communication. The proteome of EVs isolated from the auditory brainstem was highly enriched for our caspase-3 substrates. Additionally, we identified two caspase-3 substrates with known functions in axon guidance, namely Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule (NCAM) and Neuronal-glial Cell Adhesion Molecule (Ng-CAM), that were found in auditory brainstem EVs and expressed in the auditory pathway alongside cleaved caspase-3. Taken together, these data suggest a novel developmental mechanism whereby caspase-3 influences auditory brainstem circuit formation through the proteolytic cleavage of extracellular vesicle (EV) proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forrest Weghorst
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Yeva Mirzakhanyan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Kian Samimi
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Mehron Dhillon
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Melanie Barzik
- Section on Sensory Cell Biology, NIDCD, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lisa L. Cunningham
- Section on Sensory Cell Biology, NIDCD, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Paul D. Gershon
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Karina S. Cramer
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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15
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Caspase inhibition rescues F1Fo ATP synthase dysfunction-mediated dendritic spine elimination. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17589. [PMID: 33067541 PMCID: PMC7568535 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74613-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic spine injury underlies synaptic failure in many neurological disorders. Mounting evidence suggests a mitochondrial pathway of local nonapoptotic caspase signaling in mediating spine pruning. However, it remains unclear whether this caspase signaling plays a key role in spine loss when severe mitochondrial functional defects are present. The answer to this question is critical especially for some pathological states, in which mitochondrial deficits are prominent and difficult to fix. F1Fo ATP synthase is a pivotal mitochondrial enzyme and the dysfunction of this enzyme involves in diseases with spinopathy. Here, we inhibited F1Fo ATP synthase function in primary cultured hippocampal neurons by using non-lethal oligomycin A treatment. Oligomycin A induced mitochondrial defects including collapsed mitochondrial membrane potential, dissipated ATP production, and elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In addition, dendritic mitochondria underwent increased fragmentation and reduced positioning to dendritic spines along with increased caspase 3 cleavage in dendritic shaft and spines in response to oligomycin A. Concurring with these dendritic mitochondrial changes, oligomycin A-insulted neurons displayed spine loss and altered spine architecture. Such oligomycin A-mediated changes in dendritic spines were substantially prevented by the inhibition of caspase activation by using a pan-caspase inhibitor, quinolyl-valyl-O-methylaspartyl-[-2,6-difluorophenoxy]-methyl ketone (Q-VD-OPh). Of note, the administration of Q-VD-OPh showed no protective effect on oligomycin A-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Our findings suggest a pivotal role of caspase 3 signaling in mediating spine injury and the modulation of caspase 3 activation may benefit neurons from spine loss in diseases, at least, in those with F1Fo ATP synthase defects.
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16
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Vrolyk V, Desmarais MJ, Lambert D, Haruna J, Benoit-Biancamano MO. Neonatal and Juvenile Ocular Development in Göttingen Minipigs and Domestic Pigs: A Histomorphological and Immunohistochemical Study. Vet Pathol 2020; 57:889-914. [PMID: 33021158 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820954551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pigs are considered one of the relevant animal models for ocular research as they share several histological and anatomical similarities with the human eye. With the increasing interest in juvenile animal models, this study aimed to describe the postnatal development of ocular structures in 16 Göttingen minipigs and 25 F2 domestic pigs, between birth and 6 months of age, using histopathology and immunohistochemistry against Ki-67, caspase-3, calbindin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, rhodopsin, and synaptophysin. All ocular structures in both pig breeds were incompletely developed at birth and for variable periods postnatally. Noteworthy histological features of immaturity included vascularization in the corneal stroma in neonatal Göttingen minipigs, increased cellularity in different substructures, remnants of the hyaloid vasculature, short and poorly ramified ciliary body processes, and a poorly developed cone inner segment. Increased cellular proliferation, highlighted by abundant Ki-67 immunolabeling, was observed in almost all developing structures of the pig eye for variable periods postnatally. Apoptosis, highlighted with caspase-3 immunolabeling, was observed in the retinal inner nuclear layer at birth and in the regressing hyaloid vasculature remnants. Immunohistochemistry against rhodopsin, synaptophysin, and calbindin demonstrated the short size of the developing photoreceptors and the immature cone inner segment morphology. Calbindin labeling revealed significant differences in the amount of positively labeled cone nuclei between the retinal area centralis and the non-area centralis regions. The elongation of Müller cell processes in the developing retina was shown with glial fibrillary acidic protein. In both pig breeds, the eyes reached histomorphological and immunohistochemical maturity at 6 months of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Vrolyk
- Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Disease Research Center (CRIPA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 70354Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
- 67115Charles River Laboratories Montreal ULC, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Daniel Lambert
- 67115Charles River Laboratories Montreal ULC, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julius Haruna
- 67115Charles River Laboratories Montreal ULC, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Odile Benoit-Biancamano
- Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Disease Research Center (CRIPA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 70354Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
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17
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Johnstone A, Mobley W. Local TrkB signaling: themes in development and neural plasticity. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 382:101-111. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03278-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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18
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Vidal-Sancho L, Fernández-García S, Solés-Tarrés I, Alberch J, Xifró X. Decreased Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2 Levels in the Hippocampus of Huntington's Disease Mice Are Related to Cognitive Dysfunction. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:4549-4562. [PMID: 32757160 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02041-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
People suffering from Huntington's disease (HD) present cognitive deficits. Hippocampal dysfunction has been involved in the HD learning and memory impairment, but proteins leading this dysregulation are not fully characterized. Here, we studied the contribution of the family of transcription factors myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) to the HD cognitive deficits. To this aim, we first analyzed MEF2 protein levels and found that they are reduced in the hippocampus of exon-1 (R6/1) and full-length (HdhQ7/Q111) mutant huntingtin (mHTT) mice at the onset of cognitive dysfunction. By the analysis of MEF2 mRNA levels and mHTT-MEF2 interaction, we discarded that reduced MEF2 levels are due to changes in the transcription or sequestration in mHTT aggregates. Interestingly, we showed in R6/1 primary hippocampal cultures that reduction of MEF2 is strongly related to a basal and non-apoptotic caspase activity. To decipher the involvement of hippocampal decreased MEF2 in memory impairment, we used the BML-210 molecule that activates MEF2 transcriptional activity by the disruption MEF2-histone deacetylase class IIa interaction. BML-210 treatment increased the number and length of neurites in R6/1 primary hippocampal cultures. Importantly, this effect was prevented by transduction of lentiviral particles containing shRNA against MEF2. Then, we demonstrated that intraperitoneal administration of BML-210 (150 mg/Kg/day) for 4 days in R6/1 mice improved cognitive performance. Finally, we observed that BML-210 treatment also promoted the activation of MEF2-dependent memory-related genes and the increase of synaptic markers in the hippocampus of R6/1 mice. Our findings point out that reduced hippocampal MEF2 is an important mediator of cognitive dysfunction in HD and suggest that MEF2 slight basal activation could be a good therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Vidal-Sancho
- New Therapeutic Targets Group, Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Sara Fernández-García
- Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, 08036, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, 28031, Spain
| | - Irene Solés-Tarrés
- New Therapeutic Targets Group, Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Jordi Alberch
- Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, 08036, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, 28031, Spain
| | - Xavier Xifró
- New Therapeutic Targets Group, Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, 17003, Girona, Spain. .,Departament de Ciències Mèdiques, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Girona, 17003, Girona, Spain.
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19
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Khurshid Y, Syed B, Simjee SU, Beg O, Ahmed A. Antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of proteins from black seeds (Nigella sativa) on human breast MCF-7 cancer cell line. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:5. [PMID: 32020890 PMCID: PMC7076859 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2804-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nigella sativa (NS), a member of family Ranunculaceae is commonly known as black seed or kalonji. It has been well studied for its therapeutic role in various diseases, particularly cancer. Literature is full of bioactive compounds from NS seed. However, fewer studies have been reported on the pharmacological activity of proteins. The current study was designed to evaluate the anticancer property of NS seed proteins on the MCF-7 cell line. Methods NS seed extract was prepared in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and proteins were precipitated using 80% ammonium sulfate. The crude seed proteins were partially purified using gel filtration chromatography, and peaks were resolved by SDS-PAGE. MTT assay was used to screen the crude proteins and peaks for their cytotoxic effects on MCF-7 cell line. Active Peaks (P1 and P4) were further studied for their role in modulating the expression of genes associated with apoptosis by real-time reverse transcription PCR. For protein identification, proteins were digested, separated, and analyzed with LC-MS/MS. Data analysis was performed using online Mascot, ExPASy ProtParam, and UniProt Knowledgebase (UniProtKB) gene ontology (GO) bioinformatics tools. Results Gel filtration chromatography separated seed proteins into seven peaks, and SDS-PAGE profile revealed the presence of multiple protein bands. Among all test samples, P1 and P4 depicted potent dose-dependent inhibitory effect on MCF-7 cells exhibiting IC50 values of 14.25 ± 0.84 and 8.05 ± 0.22 μg/ml, respectively. Gene expression analysis demonstrated apoptosis as a possible cell killing mechanism. A total of 11 and 24 proteins were identified in P1 and P4, respectively. The majority of the proteins identified are located in the cytosol, associate with biological metabolic processes, and their molecular functions are binding and catalysis. Hydropathicity values were mostly in the hydrophilic range. Conclusion Our findings suggest NS seed proteins as a potential therapeutic agent for cancer. To our knowledge, it is the first study to report the anticancer property of NS seed proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamna Khurshid
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, 9401 Jeronimo Road, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA.,Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Basir Syed
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, 9401 Jeronimo Road, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Shabana U Simjee
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Obaid Beg
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Ahmed
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, 9401 Jeronimo Road, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA.
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20
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Yong Y, Gamage K, Cheng I, Barford K, Spano A, Winckler B, Deppmann C. p75NTR and DR6 Regulate Distinct Phases of Axon Degeneration Demarcated by Spheroid Rupture. J Neurosci 2019; 39:9503-9520. [PMID: 31628183 PMCID: PMC6880466 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1867-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The regressive events associated with trophic deprivation are critical for sculpting a functional nervous system. After nerve growth factor withdrawal, sympathetic axons derived from male and female neonatal mice maintain their structural integrity for ∼18 h (latent phase) followed by a rapid and near unison disassembly of axons over the next 3 h (catastrophic phase). Here we examine the molecular basis by which axons transition from latent to catastrophic phases of degeneration following trophic withdrawal. Before catastrophic degeneration, we observed an increase in intra-axonal calcium. This calcium flux is accompanied by p75 neurotrophic factor receptor-Rho-actin-dependent expansion of calcium-rich axonal spheroids that eventually rupture, releasing their contents to the extracellular space. Conditioned media derived from degenerating axons are capable of hastening transition into the catastrophic phase of degeneration. We also found that death receptor 6, but not p75 neurotrophic factor receptor, is required for transition into the catastrophic phase in response to conditioned media but not for the intra-axonal calcium flux, spheroid formation, or rupture that occur toward the end of latency. Our results support the existence of an interaxonal degenerative signal that promotes catastrophic degeneration among trophically deprived axons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Developmental pruning shares several morphological similarities to both disease- and injury-induced degeneration, including spheroid formation. The function and underlying mechanisms governing axonal spheroid formation, however, remain unclear. In this study, we report that axons coordinate each other's degeneration during development via axonal spheroid rupture. Before irreversible breakdown of the axon in response to trophic withdrawal, p75 neurotrophic factor receptor-RhoA signaling governs the formation and growth of spheroids. These spheroids then rupture, allowing exchange of contents ≤10 kDa between the intracellular and extracellular space to drive death receptor 6 and calpain-dependent catastrophic degeneration. This finding informs not only our understanding of regressive events during development but may also provide a rationale for designing new treatments toward myriad neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kanchana Gamage
- Department of Cell Biology
- Amgen, Massachusetts & Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Irene Cheng
- Department of Biology
- Neuroscience Graduate Program
| | | | | | | | - Christopher Deppmann
- Department of Biology,
- Neuroscience Graduate Program
- Department of Cell Biology
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, and
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21
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Activation of Caspase-6 Is Promoted by a Mutant Huntingtin Fragment and Blocked by an Allosteric Inhibitor Compound. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 26:1295-1305.e6. [PMID: 31353319 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of caspase-6 (C6) in the absence of other hallmarks of apoptosis has been demonstrated in cells and tissues from patients with Huntington disease (HD) and animal models. C6 activity correlates with disease progression in patients with HD and the cleavage of mutant huntingtin (mHTT) protein is thought to strongly contribute to disease pathogenesis. Here we show that the mHTT1-586 fragment generated by C6 cleavage interacts with the zymogen form of the enzyme, stabilizing a conformation that contains an active site and is prone to full activation. This shift toward enhanced activity can be prevented by a small-molecule inhibitor that blocks the interaction between C6 and mHTT1-586. Molecular docking studies suggest that the inhibitor binds an allosteric site in the C6 zymogen. The interaction of mHTT1-586 with C6 may therefore promote a self-reinforcing, feedforward cycle of C6 zymogen activation and mHTT cleavage driving HD pathogenesis.
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22
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Sipahi R, Zupanc GKH. Stochastic cellular automata model of neurosphere growth: Roles of proliferative potential, contact inhibition, cell death, and phagocytosis. J Theor Biol 2019; 445:151-165. [PMID: 29477556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem and progenitor cells isolated from the central nervous system form, under specific culture conditions, clonal cell clusters known as neurospheres. The neurosphere assay has proven to be a powerful in vitro system to study the behavior of such cells and the development of their progeny. However, the theory of neurosphere growth has remained poorly understood. To overcome this limitation, we have, in the present paper, developed a cellular automata model, with which we examined the effects of proliferative potential, contact inhibition, cell death, and clearance of dead cells on growth rate, final size, and composition of neurospheres. Simulations based on this model indicated that the proliferative potential of the founder cell and its progenitors has a major influence on neurosphere size. On the other hand, contact inhibition of proliferation limits the final size, and reduces the growth rate, of neurospheres. The effect of this inhibition is particularly dramatic when a stem cell becomes encapsulated by differentiated or other non-proliferating cells, thereby suppressing any further mitotic division - despite the existing proliferative potential of the stem cell. Conversely, clearance of dead cells through phagocytosis is predicted to accelerate growth by reducing contact inhibition. A surprising prediction derived from our model is that cell death, while resulting in a decrease in growth rate and final size of neurospheres, increases the degree of differentiation of neurosphere cells. It is likely that the cellular automata model developed as part of the present investigation is applicable to the study of tissue growth in a wide range of systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rifat Sipahi
- Complex Dynamic Systems and Control Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Günther K H Zupanc
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
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23
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Hertz NT, Adams EL, Weber RA, Shen RJ, O'Rourke MK, Simon DJ, Zebroski H, Olsen O, Morgan CW, Mileur TR, Hitchcock AM, Sinnott Armstrong NA, Wainberg M, Bassik MC, Molina H, Wells JA, Tessier-Lavigne M. Neuronally Enriched RUFY3 Is Required for Caspase-Mediated Axon Degeneration. Neuron 2019; 103:412-422.e4. [PMID: 31221560 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Selective synaptic and axonal degeneration are critical aspects of both brain development and neurodegenerative disease. Inhibition of caspase signaling in neurons is a potential therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative disease, but no neuron-specific modulators of caspase signaling have been described. Using a mass spectrometry approach, we discovered that RUFY3, a neuronally enriched protein, is essential for caspase-mediated degeneration of TRKA+ sensory axons in vitro and in vivo. Deletion of Rufy3 protects axons from degeneration, even in the presence of activated CASP3 that is competent to cleave endogenous substrates. Dephosphorylation of RUFY3 at residue S34 appears required for axon degeneration, providing a potential mechanism for neurons to locally control caspase-driven degeneration. Neuronally enriched RUFY3 thus provides an entry point for understanding non-apoptotic functions of CASP3 and a potential target to modulate caspase signaling specifically in neurons for neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas T Hertz
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Laboratory of Brain Development and Repair, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eliza L Adams
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Laboratory of Brain Development and Repair, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ross A Weber
- Laboratory of Brain Development and Repair, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca J Shen
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - David J Simon
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Laboratory of Brain Development and Repair, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Henry Zebroski
- Proteomics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Olav Olsen
- Laboratory of Brain Development and Repair, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles W Morgan
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Trevor R Mileur
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Michael Wainberg
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University School of Engineering, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael C Bassik
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Henrik Molina
- Proteomics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - James A Wells
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marc Tessier-Lavigne
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Laboratory of Brain Development and Repair, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
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Rebellato P, Kaczynska D, Kanatani S, Rayyes IA, Zhang S, Villaescusa C, Falk A, Arenas E, Hermanson O, Louhivuori L, Uhlén P. The T-type Ca 2+ Channel Ca v3.2 Regulates Differentiation of Neural Progenitor Cells during Cortical Development via Caspase-3. Neuroscience 2019; 402:78-89. [PMID: 30677486 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Here we report that the low-voltage-dependent T-type calcium (Ca2+) channel Cav3.2, encoded by the CACNA1H gene, regulates neuronal differentiation during early embryonic brain development through activating caspase-3. At the onset of neuronal differentiation, neural progenitor cells exhibited spontaneous Ca2+ activity. This activity strongly correlated with the upregulation of CACNA1H mRNA. Cells exhibiting robust spontaneous Ca2+ signaling had increased caspase-3 activity unrelated to apoptosis. Inhibition of Cav3.2 by drugs or viral CACNA1H knock down resulted in decreased caspase-3 activity followed by suppressed neurogenesis. In contrast, when CACNA1H was overexpressed, increased neurogenesis was detected. Cortical slices from Cacna1h knockout mice showed decreased spontaneous Ca2+ activity, a significantly lower protein level of cleaved caspase-3, and microanatomical abnormalities in the subventricular/ventricular and cortical plate zones when compared to their respective embryonic controls. In summary, we demonstrate a novel relationship between Cav3.2 and caspase-3 signaling that affects neurogenesis in the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Rebellato
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dagmara Kaczynska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shigeaki Kanatani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ibrahim Al Rayyes
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Songbai Zhang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carlos Villaescusa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Falk
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ernest Arenas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ola Hermanson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lauri Louhivuori
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Per Uhlén
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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25
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Tanaka H, Okazaki T, Aoyama S, Yokota M, Koike M, Okada Y, Fujiki Y, Gotoh Y. Peroxisomes control mitochondrial dynamics and the mitochondrion-dependent pathway of apoptosis. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.224766. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.224766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes cooperate with mitochondria in the performance of cellular metabolic functions such as fatty acid oxidation and maintenance of redox homeostasis. Whether peroxisomes also regulate mitochondrial fission-fusion dynamics or mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis has remained unclear, however. We now show that genetic ablation of the peroxins Pex3 or Pex5, which are essential for peroxisome biogenesis, resulted in mitochondrial fragmentation in MEFs in a manner dependent on Drp1. Conversely, treatment with 4-PBA, a peroxisome proliferator, resulted in mitochondrial elongation in wild-type MEFs, but not in Pex3-deficient MEFs. We further found that peroxisome deficiency increased the levels of cytosolic cytochrome c and caspase activity under basal conditions without inducing apoptosis. It also greatly enhanced etoposide-induced caspase activation and apoptosis, indicative of an enhanced cellular sensitivity to death signals. Together, our data unveil a previously unrecognized role of peroxisomes in the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis. Effects of peroxin genes mutations on mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis may contribute to pathogenesis of peroxisome biogenesis disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Tanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IRCN, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Okazaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IRCN, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Saeko Aoyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IRCN, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Yokota
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Masato Koike
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yasushi Okada
- Laboratory for Cell Dynamics Observation, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
- Department of Physics, Universal Biology Institute (UBI), and the International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yukio Fujiki
- Division of Organelle Homeostasis, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yukiko Gotoh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IRCN, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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26
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Virgolini MJ, Feliziani C, Cambiasso MJ, Lopez PH, Bollo M. Neurite atrophy and apoptosis mediated by PERK signaling after accumulation of GM2-ganglioside. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1866:225-239. [PMID: 30389374 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
GM2-gangliosidosis, a subgroup of lysosomal storage disorders, is caused by deficiency of hexosaminidase activity, and comprises the closely related Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff diseases. The enzyme deficiency prevents normal metabolization of ganglioside GM2, usually resulting in progressive neurodegenerative disease. The molecular mechanisms whereby GM2 accumulation in neurons triggers neurodegeneration remain unclear. In vitro experiments, using microsomes from Sandhoff mouse model brain, showed that increase of GM2 content negatively modulates sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) (Pelled et al., 2003). Furthermore, Ca2+ depletion in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) triggers Unfolded Protein Response (UPR), which tends to restore homeostasis in the ER; however, if cellular damage persists, an apoptotic response is initiated. We found that ER GM2 accumulation in cultured neurons induces luminal Ca2+ depletion, which in turn activates PERK (protein kinase RNA [PKR]-like ER kinase), one of three UPR sensors. PERK signaling displayed biphasic activation; i.e., early upregulation of cytoprotective calcineurin (CN) and, under prolonged ER stress, enhanced expression of pro-apoptotic transcription factor C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). Moreover, GM2 accumulation in neuronal cells induced neurite atrophy and apoptosis. Both processes were effectively modulated by treatment with the selective PERK inhibitor GSK2606414, by CN knockdown, and by CHOP knockdown. Overall, our findings demonstrate the essential role of PERK signaling pathway contributing to neurodegeneration in a model of GM2-gangliosidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Virgolini
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M y M Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Constanza Feliziani
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M y M Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Julia Cambiasso
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M y M Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Pablo H Lopez
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M y M Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mariana Bollo
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M y M Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
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27
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Zamponi E, Zamponi N, Coskun P, Quassollo G, Lorenzo A, Cannas SA, Pigino G, Chialvo DR, Gardiner K, Busciglio J, Helguera P. Nrf2 stabilization prevents critical oxidative damage in Down syndrome cells. Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12812. [PMID: 30028071 PMCID: PMC6156351 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence implicates chronic oxidative stress as a critical driver of the aging process. Down syndrome (DS) is characterized by a complex phenotype, including early senescence. DS cells display increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial structural and metabolic dysfunction, which are counterbalanced by sustained Nrf2-mediated transcription of cellular antioxidant response elements (ARE). Here, we show that caspase 3/PKCδdependent activation of the Nrf2 pathway in DS and Dp16 (a mouse model of DS) cells is necessary to protect against chronic oxidative damage and to preserve cellular functionality. Mitochondria-targeted catalase (mCAT) significantly reduced oxidative stress, restored mitochondrial structure and function, normalized replicative and wound healing capacity, and rendered the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response dispensable. These results highlight the critical role of Nrf2/ARE in the maintenance of DS cell homeostasis and validate mitochondrial-specific interventions as a key aspect of antioxidant and antiaging therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Zamponi
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín FerreyraINIMEC‐CONICET‐Universidad Nacional de CórdobaCordobaArgentina
| | - Nahuel Zamponi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical OncologyWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew York
| | - Pinar Coskun
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders and Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and MemoryUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCalifornia
| | - Gonzalo Quassollo
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín FerreyraINIMEC‐CONICET‐Universidad Nacional de CórdobaCordobaArgentina
| | - Alfredo Lorenzo
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín FerreyraINIMEC‐CONICET‐Universidad Nacional de CórdobaCordobaArgentina
| | - Sergio A. Cannas
- Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola (IFEG‐CONICET)FAMAFyC, UNCCordobaArgentina
| | - Gustavo Pigino
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín FerreyraINIMEC‐CONICET‐Universidad Nacional de CórdobaCordobaArgentina
| | - Dante R. Chialvo
- Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences (CEMSC3)UNSAMSan MartinArgentina
| | - Katheleen Gardiner
- Department of Pediatrics, Linda Crnic Institute for Down SyndromeUniversity of Colorado Denver School of MedicineAuroraColorado
| | - Jorge Busciglio
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders and Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and MemoryUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCalifornia
| | - Pablo Helguera
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín FerreyraINIMEC‐CONICET‐Universidad Nacional de CórdobaCordobaArgentina
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Phosphatidylserine exposure mediated by ABC transporter activates the integrin signaling pathway promoting axon regeneration. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3099. [PMID: 30082731 PMCID: PMC6079064 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05478-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Following axon injury, a cascade of signaling events is triggered to initiate axon regeneration. However, the mechanisms regulating axon regeneration are not well understood at present. In Caenorhabditis elegans, axon regeneration utilizes many of the components involved in phagocytosis, including integrin and Rac GTPase. Here, we identify the transthyretin (TTR)-like protein TTR-11 as a component functioning in axon regeneration upstream of integrin. We show that TTR-11 binds to both the extracellular domain of integrin-α and phosphatidylserine (PS). Axon injury induces the accumulation of PS around the injured axons in a manner dependent on TTR-11, the ABC transporter CED-7, and the caspase CED-3. Furthermore, we demonstrate that CED-3 activates CED-7 during axon regeneration. Thus, TTR-11 functions to link the PS injury signal to activation of the integrin pathway, which then initiates axon regeneration.
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29
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Raiders SA, Eastwood MD, Bacher M, Priess JR. Binucleate germ cells in Caenorhabditis elegans are removed by physiological apoptosis. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007417. [PMID: 30024879 PMCID: PMC6053125 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell death plays a major role during C. elegans oogenesis, where over half of the oogenic germ cells die in a process termed physiological apoptosis. How germ cells are selected for physiological apoptosis, or instead become oocytes, is not understood. Most oocytes produce viable embryos when apoptosis is blocked, suggesting that physiological apoptosis does not function to cull defective germ cells. Instead, cells targeted for apoptosis may function as nurse cells; the germline is syncytial, and all germ cells appear to contribute cytoplasm to developing oocytes. C. elegans has been a leading model for the genetics and molecular biology of apoptosis and phagocytosis, but comparatively few studies have examined the cell biology of apoptotic cells. We used live imaging to identify and examine pre-apoptotic germ cells in the adult gonad. After initiating apoptosis, germ cells selectively export their mitochondria into the shared pool of syncytial cytoplasm; this transport appears to use the microtubule motor kinesin. The apoptotic cells then shrink as they expel most of their remaining cytoplasm, and close off from the syncytium. Shortly thereafter the apoptotic cells restructure their microtubule and actin cytoskeletons, possibly to maintain cell integrity; the microtubules form a novel, cortical array of stabilized microtubules, and actin and cofilin organize into giant cofilin-actin rods. We discovered that some apoptotic germ cells are binucleate; the binucleate germ cells can develop into binucleate oocytes in apoptosis-defective strains, and appear capable of producing triploid offspring. Our results suggest that the nuclear layer of the germline syncytium becomes folded during mitosis and growth, and that binucleate cells arise as the layer unfolds or everts; all of the binucleate cells are subsequently removed by apoptosis. These results show that physiological apoptosis targets at least two distinct populations of germ cells, and that the apoptosis machinery efficiently recognizes cells with two nuclei. Many germ cells die by apoptosis during the development of animal oocytes, including more than half of all germ cells in the model system C. elegans. How individual germ cells are selected for apoptosis, or survival, is not known. Here we study the cell biology of apoptosis. The C. elegans gonad is a syncytium, with nearly 1000 germ “cells” connected to a shared, core cytoplasm. Once apoptosis is initiated, germ cells selectively transport their mitochondria into the gonad core, apparently using the microtubule motor protein kinesin. The apoptotic cells next constrict, expelling most of their remaining cytoplasm into the core, and close off from the gonad core. The microtubule and actin cytoskeletons are remodeled and stabilized, presumably to maintain the integrity of the dying cell. The apoptotic cells form giant cofilin-actin rods, similar to rods described in stressed cultured cells and in human myopathies and neuropathies such as Alzheimer’s and Huntington’s disease. We show that some germ cells are binucleate; these cells appear to form during germline morphogenesis, and are removed by apoptosis. These results demonstrate heterogeneity between oogenic germ cells, and show that the apoptosis machinery efficiently recognizes and removes cells with two nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan A. Raiders
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Michael D. Eastwood
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Meghan Bacher
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - James R. Priess
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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30
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Control of neurite growth and guidance by an inhibitory cell-body signal. PLoS Comput Biol 2018; 14:e1006218. [PMID: 29927943 PMCID: PMC6013027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of a functional nervous system requires tight control of neurite growth and guidance by extracellular chemical cues. Neurite growth is astonishingly sensitive to shallow concentration gradients, but a widely observed feature of both growth and guidance regulation, with important consequences for development and regeneration, is that both are only elicited over the same relatively narrow range of concentrations. Here we show that all these phenomena can be explained within one theoretical framework. We first test long-standing explanations for the suppression of the trophic effects of nerve growth factor at high concentrations, and find they are contradicted by experiment. Instead we propose a new hypothesis involving inhibitory signalling among the cell bodies, and then extend this hypothesis to show how both growth and guidance can be understood in terms of a common underlying signalling mechanism. This new model for the first time unifies several key features of neurite growth regulation, quantitatively explains many aspects of experimental data, and makes new predictions about unknown details of developmental signalling.
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31
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Benarroch EE. Glutamatergic synaptic plasticity and dysfunction in Alzheimer disease. Neurology 2018; 91:125-132. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000005807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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32
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Synapse Pruning: Mitochondrial ROS with Their Hands on the Shears. Bioessays 2018; 40:e1800031. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201800031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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33
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Xu F, Zhang J, Wang Z, Yao Y, Atungulu GG, Ju X, Wang L. Absorption and Metabolism of Peptide WDHHAPQLR Derived from Rapeseed Protein and Inhibition of HUVEC Apoptosis under Oxidative Stress. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:5178-5189. [PMID: 29732892 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
WDHHAPQLR (RAP) is an antioxidative peptide derived from rapeseed protein. Although the health benefits from RAP, due to its antioxidant activities, have been determined by chemical methods, a systematic assessment regarding the absorption, metabolism, and antioxidation processes of RAP is still lacking attention. Hence, Caco-2 cell monolayer models and animal experiments were used to evaluate the absorption and bioavailability of RAP. As expected, RAP could be absorbed by intestinal epithelial cells, and the Papp was 0.82 ± 0.19 × 10-6 cm/s. Three main fragments, RAP, DHHAPQLR, and WDHHAP were transported by the paracellular pathway, and QLR was transported by PepT1. An important modified product of RAP (EGDHHAPQLR) was found to contribute to the elimination of intracellular reactive oxygen species. The absolute bioavailability of RAP was 3.56%, and three degradation products of RAP were also detected in rat serum. More importantly, RAP exerts its antioxidant activity by inhibiting the apoptosis of oxidative stress cells. RAP could downregulate the expression of Bax and caspase-3 and upregulate the expression of Bcl-2 in H2O2-induced HUVECs (human umbilical vein endothelial cells). In general, using in vitro and in vivo experimental models, the in vivo absorption and transformation processes of RAP and its antioxidative molecular mechanisms by inhibiting apoptosis of cells were revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiran Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing , Nanjing University of Finance and Economics , No. 3 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , No. 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , No. 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigao Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing , Nanjing University of Finance and Economics , No. 3 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , No. 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yijun Yao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing , Nanjing University of Finance and Economics , No. 3 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , No. 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Griffiths G Atungulu
- Grain Processing Engineering Department of Food Science & Division of Agriculture , University of Arkansas Fayetteville , 2650 North Young Avenue , Fayetteville , Arkansas 72701 , United States of America
| | - Xingrong Ju
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing , Nanjing University of Finance and Economics , No. 3 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , No. 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing , Nanjing University of Finance and Economics , No. 3 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , People's Republic of China
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Spead O, Verreet T, Donelson CJ, Poulain FE. Characterization of the caspase family in zebrafish. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197966. [PMID: 29791492 PMCID: PMC5965869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
First discovered for their role in mediating programmed cell death and inflammatory responses, caspases have now emerged as crucial regulators of other cellular and physiological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and survival. In the developing nervous system, for instance, the non-apoptotic functions of caspases have been shown to play critical roles in the formation of neuronal circuits by regulating axon outgrowth, guidance and pruning. How caspase activity is spatially and temporally maintained at sub-lethal levels within cells remains however poorly understood, especially in vivo. Thanks to its transparency and accessibility, the zebrafish offers the unique ability to directly visualize caspase activation in vivo. Yet, detailed information about the caspase family in zebrafish is lacking. Here, we report the identification and characterization of 19 different caspase genes in zebrafish, and show that caspases have diverse expression profiles from cleavage to larval stages, suggesting highly specialized and/or redundant functions during embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Spead
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Tine Verreet
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Cory J. Donelson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Fabienne E. Poulain
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
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35
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Xu DC, Arthurton L, Baena-Lopez LA. Learning on the Fly: The Interplay between Caspases and Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:5473180. [PMID: 29854765 PMCID: PMC5949197 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5473180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The ease of genetic manipulation, as well as the evolutionary conservation of gene function, has placed Drosophila melanogaster as one of the leading model organisms used to understand the implication of many proteins with disease development, including caspases and their relation to cancer. The family of proteases referred to as caspases have been studied over the years as the major regulators of apoptosis: the most common cellular mechanism involved in eliminating unwanted or defective cells, such as cancerous cells. Indeed, the evasion of the apoptotic programme resulting from caspase downregulation is considered one of the hallmarks of cancer. Recent investigations have also shown an instrumental role for caspases in non-lethal biological processes, such as cell proliferation, cell differentiation, intercellular communication, and cell migration. Importantly, malfunction of these essential biological tasks can deeply impact the initiation and progression of cancer. Here, we provide an extensive review of the literature surrounding caspase biology and its interplay with many aspects of cancer, emphasising some of the key findings obtained from Drosophila studies. We also briefly describe the therapeutic potential of caspase modulation in relation to cancer, highlighting shortcomings and hopeful promises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Cui Xu
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX13RE, UK
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lewis Arthurton
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX13RE, UK
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36
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Azami M, Ranjkesh Adermanabadi V, Khanahmad H, Mohaghegh MA, Zaherinejad E, Aghaei M, Jalali A, Hejazi SH. Immunology and Genetic of Leishmania infantum: The Role of Endonuclease G in the Apoptosis. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018; 23:36. [PMID: 29887904 PMCID: PMC5961285 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_705_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Leishmania infantum is the causative agent of infantile visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the Mediterranean region. Despite developing protective responses, the disease progresses due to many of factors. These include the action of suppressive cytokines, exhaustion of specific T cells, loss of lymphoid tissue, and defective humoral response. Genetic changes that occur inside the genome of alienated or parasite cells, along with immune responses, play an important role in controlling or progressing the disease. Proapoptotic proteins such as Smac/DIABLO, EndoG, AIF (apoptosis-inducing factor), and cytochrome C are effective in apoptosis. EndoG is a mitochondrion-specific nuclease that translocates to the nucleus during apoptosis. Once released from mitochondria, endoG cleaves chromatin DNA into nucleosomal fragments independently of caspases. Therefore, endoG represents a caspase-independent apoptotic pathway initiated from the mitochondria. A comprehensive understanding of the immune and genetic events that occur during VL is very important for designing immunotherapy strategies and developing effective vaccines for disease prevention. In this review which explained the immunological responses and also the important factors that can contribute to parasite apoptosis and are used in subsequent studies as a target for the preparation of drugs or recombinant vaccines against parasites are briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Azami
- Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Khanahmad
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Mohaghegh
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.,Health Sciences Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Ebtesam Zaherinejad
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Health Sciences, Curtin University of Technology, Bentley Campus, Australia
| | - Maryam Aghaei
- Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Akram Jalali
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Hejazi
- Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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37
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Liu W, Song XL, Zhao SC, He M, Wang H, Chen Z, Xiang W, Yi G, Qi S, Liu Y. Antitumor Activity and Mechanism of a Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor, Dapivirine, in Glioblastoma. J Cancer 2018; 9:117-128. [PMID: 29290776 PMCID: PMC5743718 DOI: 10.7150/jca.21965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Dapivirine is one of reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs). It is the prototype of diarylpyrimidines (DAPY), formerly known as TMC120 or DAPY R147681 (IUPAC name: 4- [[4-(2, 4, 6-trimethylphenyl) amino]-2-pyrimidinyl] amino]-benzonitrile; CAS no.244767-67-7). AIM The purpose of this study is to investigate the antitumor activity of dapivirine, one of the RTIs, on U87 glioblastoma (GBM) cells in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS U87 GBM cells were cultured and treated with or without dapivirine. Cell viability was evaluated by CCK-8 (Cell Counting Kit 8, CCK-8) assay; apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry; cell migration was evaluated by Boyden Chamber assay; Western blotting was performed to detect proteins related to apoptosis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and autophagy. PathScan intracellular signaling array kit was used to detect important and well-characterized signaling molecules. Tumor xenograft model in nude mice was used to evaluate the antitumorigenic effect in vivo. RESULTS Dapivirine weakened proliferation of glioma cells and induced the apoptosis of U87 glioblastoma cells. Furthermore, dapivirine regulated autophagy and induced Akt, Bad and SAPK/JNK activations. Moreover, the inhibition of glioma cell growth by dapivirine was also observed in nude mice in vivo. CONCLUSION In summary, in our study dapivirine exposure induces stress, resulting in JNK and PI3K/Akt pathway activation through diminished inhibition of the apoptosis and autophagy cascade in U87 GBM cells, which inhibits cell growth in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwen Liu
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xian-Lu Song
- Department of Radiotherapy, Guangzhou Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Shan-Chao Zhao
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Minyi He
- Center for Clinical Medical Education, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ziyang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Guozhong Yi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Songtao Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yawei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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38
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Common and Divergent Mechanisms in Developmental Neuronal Remodeling and Dying Back Neurodegeneration. Curr Biol 2017; 26:R628-R639. [PMID: 27404258 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell death is an inherent process that is required for the proper wiring of the nervous system. Studies over the last four decades have shown that, in a parallel developmental pathway, axons and dendrites are eliminated without the death of the neuron. This developmentally regulated 'axonal death' results in neuronal remodeling, which is an essential mechanism to sculpt neuronal networks in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Studies across various organisms have demonstrated that a conserved strategy in the formation of adult neuronal circuitry often involves generating too many connections, most of which are later eliminated with high temporal and spatial resolution. Can neuronal remodeling be regarded as developmentally and spatially regulated neurodegeneration? It has been previously speculated that injury-induced degeneration (Wallerian degeneration) shares some molecular features with 'dying back' neurodegenerative diseases. In this opinion piece, we examine the similarities and differences between the mechanisms regulating neuronal remodeling and those being perturbed in dying back neurodegenerative diseases. We focus primarily on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and peripheral neuropathies and highlight possible shared pathways and mechanisms. While mechanistic data are only just beginning to emerge, and despite the inherent differences between disease-oriented and developmental processes, we believe that some of the similarities between these developmental and disease-initiated degeneration processes warrant closer collaborations and crosstalk between these different fields.
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39
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When dying is not the end: Apoptotic caspases as drivers of proliferation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 82:86-95. [PMID: 29199139 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Caspases are well known for their role as executioners of apoptosis. However, recent studies have revealed that these lethal enzymes also have important mitogenic functions. Caspases can promote proliferation through autonomous regulation of the cell cycle, as well as by induction of secreted signals, which have a profound impact in neighboring tissues. Here, I review the proliferative role of caspases during development and homeostasis, in addition to their key regenerative function during tissue repair upon injury. Furthermore, the emerging properties of apoptotic caspases as drivers of carcinogenesis are discussed, as well as their involvement in other diseases. Finally, I examine further effects of caspases regulating death and survival in a non-autonomous manner.
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40
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Hollville E, Deshmukh M. Physiological functions of non-apoptotic caspase activity in the nervous system. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 82:127-136. [PMID: 29199140 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Caspases are cysteine proteases that play important and well-defined roles in apoptosis and inflammation. Increasing evidence point to alternative functions of caspases where restricted and localized caspase activation within neurons allows for a variety of non-apoptotic and non-inflammatory processes required for brain development and function. In this review, we highlight sublethal caspase functions in axon and dendrite pruning, neurite outgrowth and dendrite branches formation, as well as in long-term depression and synaptic plasticity. Importantly, as non-apoptotic activity of caspases is often confined in space and time in neurons, we also discuss the mechanisms that restrict caspase activity in order to maintain the neuronal networks in a healthy and functional state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohanish Deshmukh
- Neuroscience Center, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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41
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The Autism Protein Ube3A/E6AP Remodels Neuronal Dendritic Arborization via Caspase-Dependent Microtubule Destabilization. J Neurosci 2017; 38:363-378. [PMID: 29175955 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1511-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
UBE3A gene copy number variation and the resulting overexpression of the protein E6AP is directly linked to autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). However, the underlying cellular and molecular neurobiology remains less clear. Here we report the role of ASD-related increased dosage of Ube3A/E6AP in dendritic arborization during brain development. We show that increased E6AP expression in primary cultured neurons leads to a reduction in dendritic branch number and length. The E6AP-dependent remodeling of dendritic arborization results from retraction of dendrites by thinning and fragmentation at the tips of dendrite branches, leading to shortening or removal of dendrites. This remodeling effect is mediated by the ubiquitination and degradation of XIAP (X-linked inhibitors of aptosis protein) by E6AP, which leads to activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of microtubules. In vivo, male and female Ube3A 2X ASD mice show decreased XIAP levels, increased caspase-3 activation, and elevated levels of tubulin cleavage. Consistently, dendritic branching and spine density are reduced in cortical neurons of Ube3A 2X ASD mice. In revealing an important role for Ube3A/E6AP in ASD-related developmental alteration in dendritic arborization and synapse formation, our findings provide new insights into the pathogenesis of Ube3A/E6AP-dependent ASD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Copy number variation of the UBE3A gene and aberrant overexpression of the gene product E6AP protein is a common cause of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). During brain development, dendritic growth and remodeling play crucial roles in neuronal connectivity and information integration. We found that in primary neurons and in Ube3A transgenic autism mouse brain, overexpression of E6AP leads to significant loss of dendritic arborization. This effect is mediated by the ubiquitination of XIAP (X-linked inhibitor of aptosis protein) by E6AP, subsequent activation of caspases, and the eventual cleavage of microtubules, leading to local degeneration and retraction at the tips of dendritic branches. These findings demonstrate dysregulation in neuronal structural stability as a major cellular neuropathology in ASD.
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42
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Burgon PG, Megeney LA. Caspase signaling, a conserved inductive cue for metazoan cell differentiation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 82:96-104. [PMID: 29129746 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Caspase signaling pathways were originally discovered as conveyors of programmed cell death, yet a compendium of research over the past two decades have demonstrated that these same conduits have a plethora of physiologic functions. Arguably the most extensive non-death activity that has been attributed to this protease clade is the capacity to induce cell differentiation. Caspase control of differentiation is conserved across diverse metazoan organisms from flies to humans, suggesting an ancient origin for this form of cell fate control. Here we discuss the mechanisms by which caspase enzymes manage differentiation, the targeted substrates that may be common across cell lineages, and the countervailing signals that may be essential for these proteases to 'execute' this non-death cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick G Burgon
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Lynn A Megeney
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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43
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Insight into the mechanism of action and selectivity of caspase-3 reversible inhibitors through in silico studies. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.06.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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44
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Tango7 regulates cortical activity of caspases during reaper-triggered changes in tissue elasticity. Nat Commun 2017; 8:603. [PMID: 28928435 PMCID: PMC5605750 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00693-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Caspases perform critical functions in both living and dying cells; however, how caspases perform physiological functions without killing the cell remains unclear. Here we identify a novel physiological function of caspases at the cortex of Drosophila salivary glands. In living glands, activation of the initiator caspase dronc triggers cortical F-actin dismantling, enabling the glands to stretch as they accumulate secreted products in the lumen. We demonstrate that tango7, not the canonical Apaf-1-adaptor dark, regulates dronc activity at the cortex; in contrast, dark is required for cytoplasmic activity of dronc during salivary gland death. Therefore, tango7 and dark define distinct subcellular domains of caspase activity. Furthermore, tango7-dependent cortical dronc activity is initiated by a sublethal pulse of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) antagonist reaper. Our results support a model in which biological outcomes of caspase activation are regulated by differential amplification of IAP antagonists, unique caspase adaptor proteins, and mutually exclusive subcellular domains of caspase activity. Caspases are known for their role in cell death, but they can also participate in other physiological functions without killing the cells. Here the authors show that unique caspase adaptor proteins can regulate caspase activity within mutually-exclusive and independently regulated subcellular domains.
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45
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Katow H, Kanaya T, Ogawa T, Egawa R, Yawo H. Regulation of axon arborization pattern in the developing chick ciliary ganglion: Possible involvement of caspase 3. Dev Growth Differ 2017; 59:115-128. [PMID: 28430358 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
During a certain critical period in the development of the central and peripheral nervous systems, axonal branches and synapses are massively reorganized to form mature connections. In this process, neurons search their appropriate targets, expanding and/or retracting their axons. Recent work suggested that the caspase superfamily regulates the axon morphology. Here, we tested the hypothesis that caspase 3, which is one of the major executioners in apoptotic cell death, is involved in regulating the axon arborization. The embryonic chicken ciliary ganglion was used as a model system of synapse reorganization. A dominant negative mutant of caspase-3 precursor (C3DN) was made and overexpressed in presynaptic neurons in the midbrain to interfere with the intrinsic caspase-3 activity using an in ovo electroporation method. The axon arborization pattern was 3-dimensionally and quantitatively analyzed in the ciliary ganglion. The overexpression of C3DN significantly reduced the number of branching points, the branch order and the complexity index, whereas it significantly elongated the terminal branches at E6. It also increased the internodal distance significantly at E8. But, these effects were negligible at E10 or later. During E6-8, there appeared to be a dynamic balance in the axon arborization pattern between the "targeting" mode, which is accompanied by elongation of terminal branches and the pruning of collateral branches, and the "pathfinding" mode, which is accompanied by the retraction of terminal branches and the sprouting of new collateral branches. The local and transient activation of caspase 3 could direct the balance towards the pathfinding mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetaka Katow
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai, Japan
| | - Teppei Kanaya
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Ogawa
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryo Egawa
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiromu Yawo
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai, Japan.,Center for Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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46
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Electrical brain stimulation induces dendritic stripping but improves survival of silent neurons after optic nerve damage. Sci Rep 2017; 7:627. [PMID: 28377608 PMCID: PMC5428431 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00487-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Repetitive transorbital alternating current stimulation (rtACS) improves vision in patients with chronic visual impairments and an acute treatment increased survival of retinal neurons after optic nerve crush (ONC) in rodent models of visual system injury. However, despite this protection no functional recovery could be detected in rats, which was interpreted as evidence of “silent survivor” cells. We now analysed the mechanisms underlying this “silent survival” effect. Using in vivo microscopy of the retina we investigated the survival and morphology of fluorescent neurons before and after ONC in animals receiving rtACS or sham treatment. One week after the crush, more neurons survived in the rtACS-treated group compared to sham-treated controls. In vivo imaging further revealed that in the initial post-ONC period, rtACS induced dendritic pruning in surviving neurons. In contrast, dendrites in untreated retinae degenerated slowly after the axonal trauma and neurons died. The complete loss of visual evoked potentials supports the hypothesis that cell signalling is abolished in the surviving neurons. Despite this evidence of “silencing”, intracellular free calcium imaging showed that the cells were still viable. We propose that early after trauma, complete dendritic stripping following rtACS protects neurons from excitotoxic cell death by silencing them.
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47
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Evolution of caspase-mediated cell death and differentiation: twins separated at birth. Cell Death Differ 2017; 24:1359-1368. [PMID: 28338655 PMCID: PMC5520454 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenotypic and biochemical similarities between caspase-mediated apoptosis and cellular differentiation are striking. They include such diverse phenomenon as mitochondrial membrane perturbations, cytoskeletal rearrangements and DNA fragmentation. The parallels between the two disparate processes suggest some common ancestry and highlight the paradoxical nature of the death-centric view of caspases. That is, what is the driving selective pressure that sustains death-inducing proteins throughout eukaryotic evolution? Plausibly, caspase function may be rooted in a primordial non-death function, such as cell differentiation, and was co-opted for its role in programmed cell death. This review will delve into the links between caspase-mediated apoptosis and cell differentiation and examine the distinguishing features of these events. More critically, we chronicle the evolutionary origins of caspases and propose that caspases may have held an ancient role in mediating the fidelity of cell division/differentiation through its effects on proteostasis and protein quality control.
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48
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Adlaf EW, Vaden RJ, Niver AJ, Manuel AF, Onyilo VC, Araujo MT, Dieni CV, Vo HT, King GD, Wadiche JI, Overstreet-Wadiche L. Adult-born neurons modify excitatory synaptic transmission to existing neurons. eLife 2017; 6:19886. [PMID: 28135190 PMCID: PMC5279947 DOI: 10.7554/elife.19886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult-born neurons are continually produced in the dentate gyrus but it is unclear whether synaptic integration of new neurons affects the pre-existing circuit. Here we investigated how manipulating neurogenesis in adult mice alters excitatory synaptic transmission to mature dentate neurons. Enhancing neurogenesis by conditional deletion of the pro-apoptotic gene Bax in stem cells reduced excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) and spine density in mature neurons, whereas genetic ablation of neurogenesis increased EPSCs in mature neurons. Unexpectedly, we found that Bax deletion in developing and mature dentate neurons increased EPSCs and prevented neurogenesis-induced synaptic suppression. Together these results show that neurogenesis modifies synaptic transmission to mature neurons in a manner consistent with a redistribution of pre-existing synapses to newly integrating neurons and that a non-apoptotic function of the Bax signaling pathway contributes to ongoing synaptic refinement within the dentate circuit. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.19886.001 Neurogenesis, the creation of new brain cells called neurons, occurs primarily before birth. However, a region of the brain called the dentate gyrus, which is involved in memory, continues to produce new neurons throughout life. Recent studies suggest that adding neurons to the dentate gyrus helps the brain to distinguish between similar sights, sounds and smells. This in turn makes it easier to encode similar experiences as distinct memories. The brain’s outer layer, called the cortex, processes information from our senses and sends it, along with information about our location in space, to the dentate gyrus. By combining this sensory and spatial information, the dentate gyrus is able to generate a unique memory of an experience. But how does neurogenesis affect this process? As the dentate gyrus accumulates more neurons, the number of neurons in the cortex remains unchanged. Do some cortical neurons transfer their connections – called synapses – to the new neurons? Or does the brain generate additional synapses to accommodate the newborn cells? Adlaf et al. set out to answer this question by genetically modifying mice to alter the number of new neurons that could form in the dentate gyrus. Increasing the number of newborn neurons reduced the number of synapses between the cortex and the mature neurons in the dentate gyrus. Conversely, killing off newborn neurons had the opposite effect, increasing the strength of the synaptic connections to older cells. This suggests that new synapses are not formed to accommodate new neurons, but rather that there is a redistribution of synapses between old and new neurons in the dentate gyrus. Further work is required to determine how this redistribution of synapses contributes to how the dentate gyrus works. Does redistributing synapses disrupt existing memories? And how do these findings relate to the effects of exercise – does this natural way of increasing neurogenesis increase the overall number of synapses in the system, potentially creating enough connections for both new and old neurons? DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.19886.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena W Adlaf
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States
| | - Ryan J Vaden
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States
| | - Anastasia J Niver
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States
| | - Allison F Manuel
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States
| | - Vincent C Onyilo
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States
| | - Matheus T Araujo
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States
| | - Cristina V Dieni
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States
| | - Hai T Vo
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States
| | - Gwendalyn D King
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States
| | - Jacques I Wadiche
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States
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49
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Annis RP, Swahari V, Nakamura A, Xie AX, Hammond SM, Deshmukh M. Mature neurons dynamically restrict apoptosis via redundant premitochondrial brakes. FEBS J 2016; 283:4569-4582. [PMID: 27797453 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Apoptotic cell death is critical for the early development of the nervous system, but once the nervous system is established, the apoptotic pathway becomes highly restricted in mature neurons. However, the mechanisms underlying this increased resistance to apoptosis in these mature neurons are not completely understood. We have previously found that members of the miR-29 family of microRNAs (miRNAs) are induced with neuronal maturation and that overexpression of miR-29 was sufficient to restrict apoptosis in neurons. To determine whether endogenous miR-29 alone was responsible for the inhibition of cytochrome c release in mature neurons, we examined the status of the apoptotic pathway in sympathetic neurons deficient for all three miR-29 family members. Unexpectedly, we found that the apoptotic pathway remained largely restricted in miR-29-deficient mature neurons. We therefore probed for additional mechanisms by which mature neurons resist apoptosis. We identify miR-24 as another miRNA that is upregulated in the maturing cerebellum and sympathetic neurons that can act redundantly with miR-29 by targeting a similar repertoire of prodeath BH3-only genes. Overall, our results reveal that mature neurons engage multiple redundant brakes to restrict the apoptotic pathway and ensure their long-term survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Annis
- Neuroscience Center, UNC Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Curriculum in Neurobiology, UNC Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Ayumi Nakamura
- Neuroscience Center, UNC Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Curriculum in Neurobiology, UNC Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alison X Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, UNC Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Scott M Hammond
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mohanish Deshmukh
- Neuroscience Center, UNC Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Curriculum in Neurobiology, UNC Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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50
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Dia VP, Krishnan HB. BG-4, a novel anticancer peptide from bitter gourd (Momordica charantia), promotes apoptosis in human colon cancer cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33532. [PMID: 27628414 PMCID: PMC5024301 DOI: 10.1038/srep33532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Momordica charantia is a perennial plant with reported health benefits. BG-4, a novel peptide from Momordica charantia, was isolated, purified and characterized. The trypsin inhibitory activity of BG-4 is 8.6 times higher than purified soybean trypsin inhibitor. The high trypsin inhibitory activity of BG-4 may be responsible for its capability to cause cytotoxicity to HCT-116 and HT-29 human colon cancer cells with ED50 values of 134.4 and 217.0 μg/mL after 48 h of treatment, respectively. The mechanism involved in the cytotoxic effect may be associated with induction of apoptosis as evidenced by increased percentage of HCT-116 and HT-29 colon cancer cells undergoing apoptosis from 5.4% (untreated) to 24.8% (BG-4 treated, 125 μg/mL for 16 h) and 8.5% (untreated) to 31.9% (BG-4 treated, 125 μg/mL for 16 h), respectively. The molecular mechanistic explanation in the apoptosis inducing property of BG-4 is due to reduced expression of Bcl-2 and increased expression of Bax leading to increased expression of caspase-3 and affecting the expression of cell cycle proteins p21 and CDK2. This is the first report on the anti-cancer potential of a novel bioactive peptide isolated from Momordica charantia in vitro supporting the potential therapeutic property of BG-4 against colon cancer that must be addressed using in vivo models of colon carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vermont P Dia
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - Hari B Krishnan
- USDA-ARS Plant Genetics Resources Unit, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
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