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Alves CDO, Waku I, Chiossi JN, de Oliveira AR. Dopamine D2-like receptors on conditioned and unconditioned fear: A systematic review of rodent pharmacological studies. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 134:111080. [PMID: 38950840 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Growing evidence supports dopamine's role in aversive states, yet systematic reviews focusing on dopamine receptors in defensive behaviors are lacking. This study presents a systematic review of the literature examining the influence of drugs acting on dopamine D2-like receptors on unconditioned and conditioned fear in rodents. The review reveals a predominant use of adult male rats in the studies, with limited inclusion of female rodents. Commonly employed tests include the elevated plus maze and auditory-cued fear conditioning. The findings indicate that systemic administration of D2-like drugs has a notable impact on both innate and learned aversive states. Generally, antagonists tend to increase unconditioned fear, while agonists decrease it. Moreover, both agonists and antagonists typically reduce conditioned fear. These effects are attributed to the involvement of distinct neural circuits in these states. The observed increase in unconditioned fear induced by D2-like antagonists aligns with dopamine's role in suppressing midbrain-mediated responses. Conversely, the reduction in conditioned fear is likely a result of blocking dopamine activity in the mesolimbic pathway. The study highlights the need for future research to delve into sex differences, explore alternative testing paradigms, and identify specific neural substrates. Such investigations have the potential to advance our understanding of the neurobiology of aversive states and enhance the therapeutic application of dopaminergic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila de Oliveira Alves
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil; Institute of Neuroscience and Behavior (INeC), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Isabelle Waku
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Joyce Nonato Chiossi
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Amanda Ribeiro de Oliveira
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil; Institute of Neuroscience and Behavior (INeC), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
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2
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Liu Y, Ye S, Li XN, Li WG. Memory Trace for Fear Extinction: Fragile yet Reinforceable. Neurosci Bull 2024; 40:777-794. [PMID: 37812300 PMCID: PMC11178705 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01129-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Fear extinction is a biological process in which learned fear behavior diminishes without anticipated reinforcement, allowing the organism to re-adapt to ever-changing situations. Based on the behavioral hypothesis that extinction is new learning and forms an extinction memory, this new memory is more readily forgettable than the original fear memory. The brain's cellular and synaptic traces underpinning this inherently fragile yet reinforceable extinction memory remain unclear. Intriguing questions are about the whereabouts of the engram neurons that emerged during extinction learning and how they constitute a dynamically evolving functional construct that works in concert to store and express the extinction memory. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the engram circuits and their neural connectivity plasticity for fear extinction, aiming to establish a conceptual framework for understanding the dynamic competition between fear and extinction memories in adaptive control of conditioned fear responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Huashan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shuai Ye
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Huashan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xin-Ni Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Huashan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei-Guang Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Huashan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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3
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Hamati R, Ahrens J, Shvetz C, Holahan MR, Tuominen L. 65 years of research on dopamine's role in classical fear conditioning and extinction: A systematic review. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:1099-1140. [PMID: 37848184 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter, has historically been associated with the encoding of reward, whereas its role in aversion has received less attention. Here, we systematically gathered the vast evidence of the role of dopamine in the simplest forms of aversive learning: classical fear conditioning and extinction. In the past, crude methods were used to augment or inhibit dopamine to study its relationship with fear conditioning and extinction. More advanced techniques such as conditional genetic, chemogenic and optogenetic approaches now provide causal evidence for dopamine's role in these learning processes. Dopamine neurons encode conditioned stimuli during fear conditioning and extinction and convey the signal via activation of D1-4 receptor sites particularly in the amygdala, prefrontal cortex and striatum. The coordinated activation of dopamine receptors allows for the continuous formation, consolidation, retrieval and updating of fear and extinction memory in a dynamic and reciprocal manner. Based on the reviewed literature, we conclude that dopamine is crucial for the encoding of classical fear conditioning and extinction and contributes in a way that is comparable to its role in encoding reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Hamati
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica Ahrens
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cecelia Shvetz
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew R Holahan
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauri Tuominen
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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4
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Iqbal J, Huang GD, Xue YX, Yang M, Jia XJ. The neural circuits and molecular mechanisms underlying fear dysregulation in posttraumatic stress disorder. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1281401. [PMID: 38116070 PMCID: PMC10728304 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1281401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a stress-associated complex and debilitating psychiatric disorder due to an imbalance of neurotransmitters in response to traumatic events or fear. PTSD is characterized by re-experiencing, avoidance behavior, hyperarousal, negative emotions, insomnia, personality changes, and memory problems following exposure to severe trauma. However, the biological mechanisms and symptomatology underlying this disorder are still largely unknown or poorly understood. Considerable evidence shows that PTSD results from a dysfunction in highly conserved brain systems involved in regulating stress, anxiety, fear, and reward circuitry. This review provides a contemporary update about PTSD, including new data from the clinical and preclinical literature on stress, PTSD, and fear memory consolidation and extinction processes. First, we present an overview of well-established laboratory models of PTSD and discuss their clinical translational value for finding various treatments for PTSD. We then highlight the research progress on the neural circuits of fear and extinction-related behavior, including the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala. We further describe different molecular mechanisms, including GABAergic, glutamatergic, cholinergic, and neurotropic signaling, responsible for the structural and functional changes during fear acquisition and fear extinction processes in PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javed Iqbal
- Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Addiction Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center for Precision Psychiatric Technology, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital and Shenzhen Mental Health Center; Clinical College of Mental Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center; Affiliated Mental Health Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Geng-Di Huang
- Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Addiction Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center for Precision Psychiatric Technology, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital and Shenzhen Mental Health Center; Clinical College of Mental Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center; Affiliated Mental Health Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan-Xue Xue
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Addiction Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center for Precision Psychiatric Technology, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital and Shenzhen Mental Health Center; Clinical College of Mental Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center; Affiliated Mental Health Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Jian Jia
- Department of Addiction Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center for Precision Psychiatric Technology, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital and Shenzhen Mental Health Center; Clinical College of Mental Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center; Affiliated Mental Health Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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5
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Ko B, Yoo JY, Yoo T, Choi W, Dogan R, Sung K, Um D, Lee SB, Kim HJ, Lee S, Beak ST, Park SK, Paik SB, Kim TK, Kim JH. Npas4-mediated dopaminergic regulation of safety memory consolidation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112678. [PMID: 37379214 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Amygdala circuitry encodes associations between conditioned stimuli and aversive unconditioned stimuli and also controls fear expression. However, whether and how non-threatening information for unpaired conditioned stimuli (CS-) is discretely processed remains unknown. The fear expression toward CS- is robust immediately after fear conditioning but then becomes negligible after memory consolidation. The synaptic plasticity of the neural pathway from the lateral to the anterior basal amygdala gates the fear expression of CS-, depending upon neuronal PAS domain protein 4 (Npas4)-mediated dopamine receptor D4 (Drd4) synthesis, which is precluded by stress exposure or corticosterone injection. Herein, we show cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate the non-threatening (safety) memory consolidation, supporting the fear discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- BumJin Ko
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Yeon Yoo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesik Yoo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Woochul Choi
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Rumeysa Dogan
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Kibong Sung
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahun Um
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Been Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangjun Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Tae Beak
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea; Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ki Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea; Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Bum Paik
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Kyung Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea; Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Joung-Hun Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea; Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Song J. Amygdala activity and amygdala-hippocampus connectivity: Metabolic diseases, dementia, and neuropsychiatric issues. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114647. [PMID: 37011482 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
With rapid aging of the population worldwide, the number of people with dementia is dramatically increasing. Some studies have emphasized that metabolic syndrome, which includes obesity and diabetes, leads to increased risks of dementia and cognitive decline. Factors such as insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and central obesity in metabolic syndrome are associated with synaptic failure, neuroinflammation, and imbalanced neurotransmitter levels, leading to the progression of dementia. Due to the positive correlation between diabetes and dementia, some studies have called it "type 3 diabetes". Recently, the number of patients with cognitive decline due to metabolic imbalances has considerably increased. In addition, recent studies have reported that neuropsychiatric issues such as anxiety, depressive behavior, and impaired attention are common factors in patients with metabolic disease and those with dementia. In the central nervous system (CNS), the amygdala is a central region that regulates emotional memory, mood disorders, anxiety, attention, and cognitive function. The connectivity of the amygdala with other brain regions, such as the hippocampus, and the activity of the amygdala contribute to diverse neuropathological and neuropsychiatric issues. Thus, this review summarizes the significant consequences of the critical roles of amygdala connectivity in both metabolic syndromes and dementia. Further studies on amygdala function in metabolic imbalance-related dementia are needed to treat neuropsychiatric problems in patients with this type of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Kielbinski M, Bernacka J, Zajda K, Wawrzczak-Bargieła A, Maćkowiak M, Przewlocki R, Solecki W. Acute stress modulates noradrenergic signaling in the ventral tegmental area-amygdalar circuit. J Neurochem 2023; 164:598-612. [PMID: 36161462 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Noradrenergic neurotransmission is a critical mediator of stress responses. In turn, exposure to stress induces noradrenergic system adaptations, some of which are implicated in the etiology of stress-related disorders. Adrenergic receptors (ARs) in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) have been demonstrated to regulate phasic dopamine (DA) release in the forebrain, necessary for behavioral responses to conditional cues. However, the impact of stress on noradrenergic modulation of the VTA has not been previously explored. We demonstrate that ARs in the VTA regulate dopaminergic activity in the VTA-BLA (basolateral amygdala) circuit, a key system for processing stress-related stimuli; and that such control is altered by acute stress. We utilized fast-scan cyclic voltammetry to assess the effects of intra-VTA microinfusion of α1 -AR and α2 -AR antagonists (terazosin and RX-821002, respectively), on electrically evoked phasic DA release in the BLA in stress-naïve and stressed (unavoidable electric shocks - UES) anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats. In addition, we used western blotting to explore UES-induced alterations in AR protein level in the VTA. Intra-VTA terazosin or RX-821002 dose-dependently attenuated DA release in the BLA. Interestingly, UES decreased the effects of intra-VTA α2 -AR blockade on DA release (24 h but not 7 days after stress), while the effects of terazosin were unchanged. Despite changes in α2 -AR physiological function in the VTA, UES did not alter α2 -AR protein levels in either intracellular or membrane fractions. These findings demonstrate that NA-ergic modulation of the VTA-BLA circuit undergoes significant alterations in response to acute stress, with α2 -AR signaling indicated as a key target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Kielbinski
- Department of Neurobiology and Neuropsychology, Jagiellonian University, Institute of Applied Psychology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Bernacka
- Department of Neurobiology and Neuropsychology, Jagiellonian University, Institute of Applied Psychology, Krakow, Poland.,Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Brain Biostructure, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Zajda
- Department of Neurobiology and Neuropsychology, Jagiellonian University, Institute of Applied Psychology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wawrzczak-Bargieła
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Brain Biostructure, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marzena Maćkowiak
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Brain Biostructure, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ryszard Przewlocki
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Wojciech Solecki
- Department of Neurobiology and Neuropsychology, Jagiellonian University, Institute of Applied Psychology, Krakow, Poland
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Scholl JL, Solanki RR, Watt MJ, Renner KJ, Forster GL. Chronic administration of glucocorticoid receptor ligands increases anxiety-like behavior and selectively increase serotonin transporters in the ventral hippocampus. Brain Res 2023; 1800:148189. [PMID: 36462646 PMCID: PMC9837808 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Organic cation transporter-3 (OCT3) is widely distributed in the brain with high expression in portions of the stress axis. These high capacity, polyspecific transporters function in monoamine clearance and are sensitive to the stress hormone corticosterone. In rats, withdrawal from chronic amphetamine increases OCT3 expression in specific limbic brain regions involved anxiety and stress responses, including the ventral hippocampus, central nucleus of amygdala (CeA) and dorsomedial hypothalamus. (DMH). Previous studies show that glucocorticoid receptor (GR) agonists increase OCT1 mRNA and OCT2 mRNA expression in non-neural tissues. Thus, we hypothesized that corticosterone increases OCT3 expression in the brain by activating GRs. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were pre-treated daily with the GR antagonist mifepristone (20 mg/kg; sc.) or vehicle followed 45 min later by injections of corticosterone or vehicle for 2 weeks. Corticosterone treatment significantly increased OCT3 expression in the ventral hippocampus and increased anxiety-like behavior. However, these effects were not blocked by mifepristone. Interestingly, treatment with mifepristone alone reduced plasma corticosterone levels and increased serotonin transporter and GR expression in the ventral hippocampus but did not significantly affect OCT3 expression or behavior. No treatment effects on OCT3, serotonin transporter or GR expression were observed in the DMH, CeA or dorsal hippocampus. Our findings suggest that corticosterone increases OCT3 expression in the ventral hippocampus by a mechanism independent of GRs, and that mifepristone and corticosterone can act in an independent manner to affect HPA axis-related physiological and behavioral parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L Scholl
- Center for Brain and Behavior Research, Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, USA.
| | - Rajeshwari R Solanki
- Center for Brain and Behavior Research, Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, USA.
| | - Michael J Watt
- Center for Brain and Behavior Research, Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, USA; Center for Brain and Behavior Research, Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Kenneth J Renner
- Center for Brain and Behavior Research, Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, 414 East Clark St, Vermillion, SD, USA.
| | - Gina L Forster
- Center for Brain and Behavior Research, Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, USA; Center for Brain and Behavior Research, Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
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9
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Kim T, Kim HJ, Choi W, Lee YM, Pyo JH, Lee J, Kim J, Kim J, Kim JH, Kim C, Kim WJ. Deep brain stimulation by blood-brain-barrier-crossing piezoelectric nanoparticles generating current and nitric oxide under focused ultrasound. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:149-163. [PMID: 36456857 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-022-00965-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation via implanted electrodes can alleviate neuronal disorders. However, its applicability is constrained by side effects resulting from the insertion of electrodes into the brain. Here, we show that systemically administered piezoelectric nanoparticles producing nitric oxide and generating direct current under high-intensity focused ultrasound can be used to stimulate deep tissue in the brain. The release of nitric oxide temporarily disrupted tight junctions in the blood-brain barrier, allowing for the accumulation of the nanoparticles into brain parenchyma, and the piezoelectrically induced output current stimulated the release of dopamine by dopaminergic neuron-like cells. In a mouse model of Parkinson's disease, the ultrasound-responsive nanoparticles alleviated the symptoms of the disease without causing overt toxicity. The strategy may inspire the development of other minimally invasive therapies for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taejeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Postech-Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonseok Choi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Mi Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Postech-Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Pyo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Junseok Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Postech-Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeesu Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Kim
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joung-Hun Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulhong Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea.,School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Postech-Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea. .,School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea. .,OmniaMed Co., Ltd., Pohang, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Blockade of dopamine D3 receptor in ventral tegmental area attenuating contextual fear memory. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114179. [PMID: 36592493 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The abnormal fear memory will lead to the onset of stress disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and so on. Therefore, the intervention in the formation of abnormal fear memory will provide a new strategy for the prevention and treatment of PTSD. In our previous studies, we found that blockade of dopamine D3 receptor (DRD3) with highly selective antagonist YQA14 or knockout of DRD3 was able to attenuate the expression or retrieval of fear memory in PTSD animal models. However, the neurobiological mechanism of regulation of DRD3 in fear is unclear. In the present research, we clarified that DRD3 was expressed in the dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Then, we identified that microinjection of YQA14 (1 μg/0.2 μl/side) in VTA before the aversive stimuli in the training session or during days subsequent to the shock significantly meliorated the freezing behaviors in the inescapable electric foot-shock model. At last, using fiber photometry system, we found that microinjection of YQA14 in VTA promoted the dopamine neurotransmitter release in the basolateral amygdala (BLA), and pre-training YQA14 infusion in VTA lowered the increase of dopamine (DA) in BLA induced by shock during the training session or by context during the retrieval session. All above the results demonstrated that YQA14 attenuated the fear learning through the blockade of DRD3 in VTA decreasing the excitability of the projection to BLA. This study may provide new mechanisms and potential intervention targets for stress disorders with abnormal fear memory.
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11
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Amygdala Intercalated Cells: Gate Keepers and Conveyors of Internal State to the Circuits of Emotion. J Neurosci 2022; 42:9098-9109. [PMID: 36639901 PMCID: PMC9761677 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1176-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Generating adaptive behavioral responses to emotionally salient stimuli requires evaluation of complex associations between multiple sensations, the surrounding context, and current internal state. Neural circuits within the amygdala parse this emotional information, undergo synaptic plasticity to reflect learned associations, and evoke appropriate responses through their projections to the brain regions orchestrating these behaviors. Information flow within the amygdala is regulated by the intercalated cells (ITCs), which are densely packed clusters of GABAergic neurons that encircle the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and provide contextually relevant feedforward inhibition of amygdala nuclei, including the central and BLA. Emerging studies have begun to delineate the unique contribution of each ITC cluster and establish ITCs as key loci of plasticity in emotional learning. In this review, we summarize the known connectivity and function of individual ITC clusters and explore how different neuromodulators conveying internal state act via ITC gates to shape emotionally motivated behavior. We propose that the behavioral state-dependent function of ITCs, their unique genetic profile, and rich expression of neuromodulator receptors make them potential therapeutic targets for disorders, such as anxiety, schizophrenia spectrum, and addiction.
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12
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Zafiri D, Duvarci S. Dopaminergic circuits underlying associative aversive learning. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:1041929. [PMID: 36439963 PMCID: PMC9685162 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1041929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Associative aversive learning enables animals to predict and avoid threats and thus is critical for survival and adaptive behavior. Anxiety disorders are characterized with deficits in normal aversive learning mechanisms and hence understanding the neural circuits underlying aversive learning and memory has high clinical relevance. Recent studies have revealed the dopamine system as one of the key modulators of aversive learning. In this review, we highlight recent advances that provide insights into how distinct dopaminergic circuits contribute to aversive learning and memory.
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13
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Trott JM, Hoffman AN, Zhuravka I, Fanselow MS. Conditional and unconditional components of aversively motivated freezing, flight and darting in mice. eLife 2022; 11:e75663. [PMID: 35616523 PMCID: PMC9173745 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fear conditioning is one of the most frequently used laboratory procedures for modeling learning and memory generally, and anxiety disorders in particular. The conditional response (CR) used in the majority of fear conditioning studies in rodents is freezing. Recently, it has been reported that under certain conditions, running, jumping, or darting replaces freezing as the dominant CR. These findings raise both a critical methodological problem and an important theoretical issue. If only freezing is measured but rodents express their learning with a different response, then significant instances of learning, memory, or fear may be missed. In terms of theory, whatever conditions lead to these different behaviors may be a key to how animals transition between different defensive responses and different emotional states. In mice, we replicated these past results but along with several novel control conditions. Contrary to the prior conclusions, running and darting were primarily a result of nonassociative processes and were actually suppressed by associative learning. Darting and flight were taken to be analogous to nonassociative startle or alpha responses that are potentiated by fear. Additionally, associative processes had some impact on the topography of flight behavior. On the other hand, freezing was the purest reflection of associative learning. We also uncovered a rule that describes when these movements replace freezing: when afraid, freeze until there is a sudden novel change in stimulation, then burst into vigorous flight attempts. This rule may also govern the change from fear to panic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M Trott
- Staglin Center for Brain and Behavioral Health, Department of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Ann N Hoffman
- Staglin Center for Brain and Behavioral Health, Department of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Irina Zhuravka
- Staglin Center for Brain and Behavioral Health, Department of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Michael S Fanselow
- Staglin Center for Brain and Behavioral Health, Department of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
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14
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Sachella TE, Ihidoype MR, Proulx CD, Pafundo DE, Medina JH, Mendez P, Piriz J. A novel role for the lateral habenula in fear learning. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:1210-1219. [PMID: 35217797 PMCID: PMC9018839 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01294-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Fear is an extreme form of aversion that underlies pathological conditions such as panic or phobias. Fear conditioning (FC) is the best-understood model of fear learning. In FC the context and a cue are independently associated with a threatening unconditioned stimulus (US). The lateral habenula (LHb) is a general encoder of aversion. However, its role in fear learning remains poorly understood. Here we studied in rats the role of the LHb in FC using optogenetics and pharmacological tools. We found that inhibition or activation of the LHb during entire FC training impaired both cued and contextual FC. In contrast, optogenetic inhibition of the LHb restricted to cue and US presentation impaired cued but not contextual FC. In either case, simultaneous activation of contextual and cued components of FC, by the presentation of the cue in the training context, recovered the conditioned fear response. Our results support the notion that the LHb is required for the formation of independent contextual and cued fear memories, a previously uncharacterized function for this structure, that could be critical in fear generalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas E. Sachella
- grid.423606.50000 0001 1945 2152Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica “Bernardo Houssay” (IFIBIO-Houssay), Grupo de Neurociencia de Sistemas, Universidad de Buenos Aires y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina R. Ihidoype
- grid.423606.50000 0001 1945 2152Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica “Bernardo Houssay” (IFIBIO-Houssay), Grupo de Neurociencia de Sistemas, Universidad de Buenos Aires y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Christophe D. Proulx
- grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390CERVO Brain Research Center, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec Canada
| | - Diego E. Pafundo
- grid.423606.50000 0001 1945 2152Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica “Bernardo Houssay” (IFIBIO-Houssay), Grupo de Neurociencia de Sistemas, Universidad de Buenos Aires y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge H. Medina
- grid.423606.50000 0001 1945 2152Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia “Prof. E. De Robertis” (IBCN), Universidad de Buenos Aires y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina ,grid.441574.70000000090137393Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires (ITBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Mendez
- grid.419043.b0000 0001 2177 5516Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Madrid, España
| | - Joaquin Piriz
- Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica "Bernardo Houssay" (IFIBIO-Houssay), Grupo de Neurociencia de Sistemas, Universidad de Buenos Aires y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Instituto de Fisiología Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Universidad de Buenos Aires y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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15
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Lin X, Sun T, Tang M, Yang A, Yan‐Do R, Chen D, Gao Y, Duan X, Kai J, Wang F, Shi P. 3D Upconversion Barcodes for Combinatory Wireless Neuromodulation in Behaving Animals. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200304. [PMID: 35426262 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Upconversion techniques offer all-optical wireless alternatives to modulate targeted neurons in behaving animals, but most existing upconversion-based optogenetic devices show prefixed emission that is used to excite just one channelrhodopsin at a restricted brain region. Here, a hierarchical upconversion device is reported to enable spatially selective and combinatory optogenetics in behaving rodent animals. The device assumes a multiarrayed optrode format containing engineered upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) to deliver dynamic light palettes as a function of excitation wavelength. Three primary emissions at 477, 540, and 654 nm are selected to match the absorption of different channelrhodopsins. The UCNPs are barcode assembled to multiple nanomachined optical pinholes in a microscale pipette device to allow remotely addressable, spectrum programmable, and spatially selective optical interrogation of complex brain circuits. Using the unique device, the basolateral amygdala and caudoputamen circuits are selectively modulated and the associated fear or anxiety behavior in freely behaving rodents is successfully differentiated. It is believed that the 3D barcode upconversion device would be a great supplement to current optogenetic toolsets and opens up new possibilities for sophisticated neural control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Lin
- School of Biomedical Engineering School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Tianying Sun
- School of Biomedical Engineering School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong SAR 999077 China
| | - Minghui Tang
- School of Biomedical Engineering School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Anqi Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Richard Yan‐Do
- Department of Biomedical Engineering City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong SAR 999077 China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro‐Cardiovascular Health Engineering Hong Kong Science Park Kowloon Hong Kong SAR 999077 China
| | - Da Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong SAR 999077 China
| | - Yaobin Gao
- School of Biomedical Engineering School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Xin Duan
- School of Biomedical Engineering School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Ji‐Jung Kai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong SAR 999077 China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong SAR 999077 China
| | - Peng Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong SAR 999077 China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro‐Cardiovascular Health Engineering Hong Kong Science Park Kowloon Hong Kong SAR 999077 China
- Center of Super‐Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong SAR 999077 China
- Shenzhen Research Institute City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Guangdong 518057 China
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16
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Asede D, Okoh J, Ali S, Doddapaneni D, Bolton MM. Deletion of ErbB4 Disrupts Synaptic Transmission and Long-Term Potentiation of Thalamic Input to Amygdalar Medial Paracapsular Intercalated Cells. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2021; 13:697110. [PMID: 34393751 PMCID: PMC8355744 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2021.697110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of candidate risk genes and alteration in the expression of proteins involved in regulating inhibitory neuron function in various psychiatric disorders, support the notion that GABAergic neuron dysfunction plays an important role in disease etiology. Genetic variations in neuregulin and its receptor kinase ErbB4, expressed exclusively by GABAergic neurons in the CNS, have been linked with schizophrenia. In the amygdala, ErbB4 is highly expressed in GABAergic intercalated cell clusters (ITCs), which play a critical role in amygdala-dependent behaviors. It is however unknown whether ErbB4 deletion from ITCs affects their synaptic properties and function in amygdala circuitry. Here, we examined the impact of ErbB4 deletion on inhibitory and excitatory circuits recruiting medial paracapsular ITCs (mpITCs) using electrophysiological techniques. Ablation of ErbB4 in mpITCs suppressed NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission at thalamo-mpITC synapses and enhanced thalamic driven GABAergic transmission onto mpITCs. Furthermore, long-term potentiation (LTP) at thalamo-mpITC synapses was compromised in ErbB4 mutant mice, indicating that ErbB4 activity is critical for LTP at these synapses. Together, our findings suggest that ErbB4 deletion from mpITCs disrupts excitation-inhibition balance and learning mechanisms in amygdala circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Asede
- Disorders of Neural Circuit Function, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, United States
| | - James Okoh
- Disorders of Neural Circuit Function, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, United States
| | - Sabah Ali
- Disorders of Neural Circuit Function, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, United States
| | - Divyesh Doddapaneni
- Disorders of Neural Circuit Function, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, United States
| | - M McLean Bolton
- Disorders of Neural Circuit Function, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, United States
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17
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Seewald A, Schönherr S, Hörtnagl H, Ehrlich I, Schmuckermair C, Ferraguti F. Fear Memory Retrieval Is Associated With a Reduction in AMPA Receptor Density at Thalamic to Amygdala Intercalated Cell Synapses. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2021; 13:634558. [PMID: 34295235 PMCID: PMC8290482 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2021.634558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The amygdala plays a crucial role in attaching emotional significance to environmental cues. Its intercalated cell masses (ITC) are tight clusters of GABAergic neurons, which are distributed around the basolateral amygdala complex. Distinct ITC clusters are involved in the acquisition and extinction of conditioned fear responses. Previously, we have shown that fear memory retrieval reduces the AMPA/NMDA ratio at thalamic afferents to ITC neurons within the dorsal medio-paracapsular cluster. Here, we investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the fear-mediated reduction in the AMPA/NMDA ratio at these synapses and, in particular, whether specific changes in the synaptic density of AMPA receptors underlie the observed change. To this aim, we used a detergent-digested freeze-fracture replica immunolabeling technique (FRIL) approach that enables to visualize the spatial distribution of intrasynaptic AMPA receptors at high resolution. AMPA receptors were detected using an antibody raised against an epitope common to all AMPA subunits. To visualize thalamic inputs, we virally transduced the posterior thalamic complex with Channelrhodopsin 2-YFP, which is anterogradely transported along axons. Using face-matched replica, we confirmed that the postsynaptic elements were ITC neurons due to their prominent expression of μ-opioid receptors. With this approach, we show that, following auditory fear conditioning in mice, the formation and retrieval of fear memory is linked to a significant reduction in the density of AMPA receptors, particularly at spine synapses formed by inputs of the posterior intralaminar thalamic and medial geniculate nuclei onto identified ITC neurons. Our study is one of the few that has directly linked the regulation of AMPA receptor trafficking to memory processes in identified neuronal networks, by showing that fear-memory induced reduction in AMPA/NMDA ratio at thalamic-ITC synapses is associated with a reduced postsynaptic AMPA receptor density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Seewald
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sabine Schönherr
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Heide Hörtnagl
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ingrid Ehrlich
- Center for Integrative Neuroscience, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Francesco Ferraguti
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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18
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Aksoy-Aksel A, Gall A, Seewald A, Ferraguti F, Ehrlich I. Midbrain dopaminergic inputs gate amygdala intercalated cell clusters by distinct and cooperative mechanisms in male mice. eLife 2021; 10:e63708. [PMID: 34028352 PMCID: PMC8143799 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic signaling plays an important role in associative learning, including fear and extinction learning. Dopaminergic midbrain neurons encode prediction error-like signals when threats differ from expectations. Within the amygdala, GABAergic intercalated cell (ITC) clusters receive one of the densest dopaminergic projections, but their physiological consequences are incompletely understood. ITCs are important for fear extinction, a function thought to be supported by activation of ventromedial ITCs that inhibit central amygdala fear output. In mice, we reveal two distinct novel mechanisms by which mesencephalic dopaminergic afferents control ITCs. Firstly, they co-release GABA to mediate rapid, direct inhibition. Secondly, dopamine suppresses inhibitory interactions between distinct ITC clusters via presynaptic D1 receptors. Early extinction training augments both GABA co-release onto dorsomedial ITCs and dopamine-mediated suppression of dorso- to ventromedial inhibition between ITC clusters. These findings provide novel insights into dopaminergic mechanisms shaping the activity balance between distinct ITC clusters that could support their opposing roles in fear behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayla Aksoy-Aksel
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain ResearchTübingenGermany
- Centre for Integrative NeuroscienceTübingenGermany
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of StuttgartStuttgartGermany
| | - Andrea Gall
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain ResearchTübingenGermany
- Centre for Integrative NeuroscienceTübingenGermany
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of StuttgartStuttgartGermany
| | - Anna Seewald
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | | | - Ingrid Ehrlich
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain ResearchTübingenGermany
- Centre for Integrative NeuroscienceTübingenGermany
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of StuttgartStuttgartGermany
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19
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Apical intercalated cell cluster: A distinct sensory regulator in the amygdala. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109151. [PMID: 34010641 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
GABAergic neurons regulate different aspects of information processing in the amygdala. Among these are clusters of intercalated cells (ITCs), which have been implicated in fear-related behaviors. Although a few of the ITC clusters have been studied, the functional role of apical ITCs (apITCs) is unknown. Here, we combine monosynaptic rabies tracing with optogenetics and demonstrate that apITCs receive synaptic input from medial geniculate nucleus (MGm), posterior intralaminar nucleus (PIN), and medial dorsal nucleus of the thalamus and from a diverse range of cortical areas including temporal association, entorhinal, insular, piriform, and somatosensory cortex. Upon fear learning, PIN/MGm inputs are strengthened, indicative of their involvement in fear behaviors. 3-D reconstruction of apITCs reveals local arborization and innervation of the dorsal striatum and lateral amygdala. We further show that apITCs provide sensory feedforward inhibition to LA principal cells, a putative mechanism for controlling plasticity during fear learning.
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20
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Ferri SL, Dow HC, Schoch H, Lee JY, Brodkin ES, Abel T. Age- and sex-specific fear conditioning deficits in mice lacking Pcdh10, an Autism Associated Gene. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2020; 178:107364. [PMID: 33340671 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2020.107364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PCDH10 is a gene associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder. It is involved in the growth of thalamocortical projections and dendritic spine elimination. Previously, we characterized Pcdh10 haploinsufficient mice (Pcdh10+/- mice) and found male-specific social deficits and dark phase hypoactivity. Pcdh10+/- males exhibit increased dendritic spine density of immature morphology, decreased NMDAR expression, and decreased gamma synchronization in the basolateral amygdala (BLA). Here, we further characterize Pcdh10+/- mice by testing for fear memory, which relies on BLA function. We used both male and female Pcdh10+/- mice and their wild-type littermates at two ages, juvenile and adult, and in two learning paradigms, cued and contextual fear conditioning. We found that males at both ages and in both assays exhibited fear conditioning deficits, but females were only impaired as adults in the cued condition. These data are further evidence for male-specific alterations in BLA-related behaviors in Pcdh10+/- mice and suggest that these mice may be a useful model for dissecting male specific brain and behavioral phenotypes relevant to social and emotional behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Ferri
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, 169 Newton Road, 2312 Pappajohn Biomedical Discovery Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Holly C Dow
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Translational Research Laboratory, 125 South 31(st) Street, Room 2202, Philadelphia, PA 19104-3403, USA
| | - Hannah Schoch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, 412 E. Spokane Falls Blvd., Spokane, WA, 99202, USA
| | - Ji Youn Lee
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, 169 Newton Road, 2312 Pappajohn Biomedical Discovery Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Edward S Brodkin
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Translational Research Laboratory, 125 South 31(st) Street, Room 2202, Philadelphia, PA 19104-3403, USA
| | - Ted Abel
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, 169 Newton Road, 2312 Pappajohn Biomedical Discovery Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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21
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Lee JH, Ribeiro EA, Kim J, Ko B, Kronman H, Jeong YH, Kim JK, Janak PH, Nestler EJ, Koo JW, Kim JH. Dopaminergic Regulation of Nucleus Accumbens Cholinergic Interneurons Demarcates Susceptibility to Cocaine Addiction. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 88:746-757. [PMID: 32622465 PMCID: PMC7584775 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholinergic interneurons (ChINs) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) play critical roles in processing information related to reward. However, the contribution of ChINs to the emergence of addiction-like behaviors and its underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. METHODS We employed cocaine self-administration to identify two mouse subpopulations: susceptible and resilient to cocaine seeking. We compared the subpopulations for physiological responses with single-unit recording of NAc ChINs, and for gene expression levels with RNA sequencing of ChINs sorted using fluorescence-activated cell sorting. To provide evidence for a causal relationship, we manipulated the expression level of dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) in ChINs in a cell type-specific manner. Using optogenetic activation combined with a double whole-cell recording, the effect of ChIN-specific DRD2 manipulation on each synaptic input was assessed in NAc medium spiny neurons in a pathway-specific manner. RESULTS Susceptible mice showed higher levels of nosepoke responses under a progressive ratio schedule, and impairment in extinction and punishment procedures. DRD2 was highly abundant in the NAc ChINs of susceptible mice. Elevated abundance of DRD2 in NAc ChINs was sufficient and necessary to express high cocaine motivation, putatively through reduction of ChIN activity during cocaine exposure. DRD2 overexpression in ChINs mimicked cocaine-induced effects on the dendritic spine density and the ratios of excitatory inputs between two distinct medium spiny neuron cell types, while DRD2 depletion precluded cocaine-induced synaptic plasticity. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide a molecular mechanism for dopaminergic control of NAc ChINs that can control the susceptibility to cocaine-seeking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Han Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science
and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Efrain A Ribeiro
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain
Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeongseop Kim
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain
Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk
Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjin Ko
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science
and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hope Kronman
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain
Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yun Ha Jeong
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain
Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Patricia H Janak
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Krieger
School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns
Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins
School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eric J Nestler
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain
Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ja Wook Koo
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joung-Hun Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Jeong MJ, Lee C, Sung K, Jung JH, Pyo JH, Kim JH. Fear response-based prediction for stress susceptibility to PTSD-like phenotypes. Mol Brain 2020; 13:134. [PMID: 33028360 PMCID: PMC7539418 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00667-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Most individuals undergo traumatic stresses at some points in their life, but only a small proportion develop stress-related disorders such as anxiety diseases and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although stress susceptibility is one determinant of mental disorders, the underlying mechanisms and functional implication remain unclear yet. We found that an increased amount of freezing that animals exhibited in the intertrial interval (ITI) of a stress-enhanced fear learning paradigm, predicts ensuing PTSD-like symptoms whereas resilient mice show ITI freezing comparable to that of unstressed mice. To examine the behavioral features, we developed a systematic analytical approach for ITI freezing and stress susceptibility. Thus, we provide a behavioral parameter for prognosis to stress susceptibility of individuals in the development of PTSD-like symptoms as well as a new mathematical means to scrutinize freezing behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jae Jeong
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyungbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhee Lee
- Department of Mathematics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyungbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Kibong Sung
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyungbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Jung
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyungbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jung Hyun Pyo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyungbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Joung-Hun Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyungbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Qiu ZK, Liu X, Chen Y, Wu RJ, Guan SF, Pan YY, Wang QB, Tang D, Zhu T, Chen JS. Translocator protein 18 kDa: a potential therapeutic biomarker for post traumatic stress disorder. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:695-707. [PMID: 32172519 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00548-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is widely regarded as a stress-related and trauma disorder. The symptoms of PTSD are characterized as a spectrum of vulnerabilities after the exposure to an extremely traumatic stressor. Considering as one of complex mental disorders, little progress has been made toward its diagnostic biomarkers, despite the involvement of PTSD has been studied. Many studies into the underlying neurobiology of PTSD implicated the dysfunction of neurosteroids biosynthesis and neuorinflammatory processes. Translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) has been considered as one of the promising therapeutic biomarkers for neurological stress disorders (like PTSD, depression, anxiety, et al) without the benzodiazepine-like side effects. This protein participates in the formation of neurosteroids and modulation of neuroinflammation. The review outlines current knowledge involving the role of TSPO in the neuropathology of PTSD and the anti-PTSD-like effects of TSPO ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Kun Qiu
- Pharmaceutical Department of The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Clinical Pharmacy Department of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Liu
- Pharmacy Department of Medical Supplies Center of General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing, 100039, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Chen
- Pharmaceutical Department of The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Clinical Pharmacy Department of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Jia Wu
- Pharmaceutical Department of The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Clinical Pharmacy Department of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Feng Guan
- Pharmaceutical Department of The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Clinical Pharmacy Department of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Yun Pan
- Pharmaceutical Department of The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Clinical Pharmacy Department of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian-Bo Wang
- Pharmaceutical Department of The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Clinical Pharmacy Department of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Sheng Chen
- Pharmaceutical Department of The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Clinical Pharmacy Department of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
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Muneoka K, Oda Y, Iwata M, Iyo M, Hashimoto K, Shirayama Y. Monoaminergic balances predict non-depression-like phenotype in Learned Helplessness Paradigm. Neuroscience 2020; 440:290-298. [PMID: 32222554 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine neuronal system abnormality is hypothesized to be the neurochemical pathology in depression, as it is supported by the efficacy of conventional antidepressants. The learned helplessness paradigm generates depression-like (LH) and non-depression-like (non-LH) behavioral models. Examination of the neurochemical states accompanying such distinct behavioral phenotypes can facilitate investigations of the mechanisms underlying resilience and the search for new strategies for depression prevention and therapy. Here, we measured the levels of monoamines, including noradrenaline (NA), serotonin (5-HT), and dopamine (DA), and their metabolites in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), hippocampus, nucleus accumbens (NAc), amygdala, and striatum in LH, non-LH, and non-manipulated (naïve) rats. Compared with LH rats, non-LH rats showed lower 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) levels and NA turnovers in the amygdala and higher 5-HT levels in the NAc. Compared with naïve rats, non-LH rats showed increased DA and homovanillic acid (HVA) levels in the amygdala and increased 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) levels in the hippocampus and NAc, whereas LH rats exhibited increased HVA levels and DA turnovers in the hippocampus, decreased 5-HIAA levels in the mPFC, increased DA turnovers in the OFC, and decreased DA turnovers in the amygdala. Comparison between LH and non-LH suggest that suppressed amygdaloid NA activity and elevated 5-HT activity in the NAc are related to stress resilience. Changes that occurred in LH or non-LH rats when compared with those in naïve rats suggest that suppressed DA activity in the hippocampus and OFC; elevated DA activity in the amygdala; and facilitated 5-HT activity in the hippocampus, mPFC, and NAc are phenomena related to the expression of a non-depression-like phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsumasa Muneoka
- Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Ichihara, Japan; Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunori Oda
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaaki Iwata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Masaomi Iyo
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Shirayama
- Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Ichihara, Japan; Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan.
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Tan T, Wang W, Williams J, Ma K, Cao Q, Yan Z. Stress Exposure in Dopamine D4 Receptor Knockout Mice Induces Schizophrenia-Like Behaviors via Disruption of GABAergic Transmission. Schizophr Bull 2019; 45:1012-1023. [PMID: 30476265 PMCID: PMC6737476 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sby163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
A combination of genetic and environmental risk factors has been considered as the pathogenic cause for mental disorders including schizophrenia. Here, we sought to find out whether the abnormality of the dopamine system, coupled with the exposure to modest stress, is sufficient to trigger the manifestation of schizophrenia-like behaviors. We found that exposing dopamine D4 receptor knockout (D4KO) mice with 1-week restraint stress (2 h/d) induced significant deficits in sensorimotor gating, cognitive processes, social engagement, as well as the elevated exploratory behaviors, which are reminiscent to schizophrenia phenotypes. Electrophysiological studies found that GABAergic transmission was significantly reduced in prefrontal cortical neurons from stressed D4KO mice. Additionally, administration of diazepam, a GABA enhancer, restored GABAergic synaptic responses and ameliorated some behavioral abnormalities in stressed D4KO mice. These results have revealed that the combination of 2 key genetic and environmental susceptibility factors, dopamine dysfunction and stress, is a crucial trigger for schizophrenia-like phenotypes, and GABA system in the prefrontal cortex is a downstream convergent target that mediates some behavioral outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY,Sichuan Provincial Hospital for Women and Children, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY
| | - Jamal Williams
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY
| | - Kaijie Ma
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY
| | - Qing Cao
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY
| | - Zhen Yan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY,To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: 716-829-3058, fax: 716-829-2344, e-mail:
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26
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Brzosko Z, Mierau SB, Paulsen O. Neuromodulation of Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity: Past, Present, and Future. Neuron 2019; 103:563-581. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Minami S, Kiyokawa Y, Takeuchi Y. The lateral intercalated cell mass of the amygdala is activated during social buffering of conditioned fear responses in male rats. Behav Brain Res 2019; 372:112065. [PMID: 31260719 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The presence of an affiliative conspecific reduces stress responses to a wide variety of stimuli. This phenomenon is termed "social buffering". We previously found that the presence of another Wistar rat (associate) suppressed activation of the lateral amygdala (LA) and ameliorated stress responses to an auditory conditioned stimulus (CS) in a fear-conditioned Wistar subject rat. Subsequent analyses suggested that activation of the posterior complex of the anterior olfactory nucleus (AOP) is responsible for the suppression of the LA. However, it remains unclear how the AOP suppresses the LA. To clarify this issue, a fear-conditioned Wistar subject was exposed to the CS either alone or with a Wistar associate. We also prepared a fear-conditioned Wistar subject that was tested with a Fischer344 (F344) associate as an additional control because F344 associates do not induce social buffering. We found that the presence of a Wistar associate induced a reduction of behavioral responses and Fos expression in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) of the subject. Although Fos expression in the AOP was increased, the expression was not biased towards the GABAergic cells. In addition, Fos expression in the lateral intercalated cell mass of the amygdala (lITC) was increased. In contrast, the presence of a F344 associate did not affect Fos expression in subjects' PVN or lITC, whereas behavioral responses were slightly reduced. These results suggest that the lITC was activated during social buffering. Based on these findings, we propose that the AOP indirectly suppresses the LA by activating the lITC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Minami
- Laboratory of Veterinary Ethology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kiyokawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Ethology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Yukari Takeuchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Ethology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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28
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Lee S, Kim JH. Basal Forebrain Cholinergic-induced Activation of Cholecystokinin Inhibitory Neurons in the Basolateral Amygdala. Exp Neurobiol 2019; 28:320-328. [PMID: 31308792 PMCID: PMC6614066 DOI: 10.5607/en.2019.28.3.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The basolateral amygdala (BLA) receives dense projections from cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain. Acetylcholine can contributes to amygdala-dependent behaviors: formation and extinction of fear memory and appetitive instrumental learning. However, the cholinergic mechanism at the circuit level has not been defined yet. We demonstrated that cholinergic-induced di-synaptic inhibition of BLA pyramidal neurons exhibits a retrograde form of short-term synaptic inhibition, depolarization-induced suppression of inhibition (DSI). Activation of nicotinic receptors was sufficient to evoke action potentials in cholecystokinin (CCK)-positive inhibitory neurons, which strongly inhibit pyramidal neurons through their perisomatic synapses. Our cell type-specific monosynaptic retrograde tracing also revealed that CCK neurons are innervated by basal forebrain cholinergic neurons. Therefore, our data indicated that CCK inhibitory neurons mediate the cholinergic-induced di-synaptic inhibition of BLA pyramidal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungho Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Joung-Hun Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
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29
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Gowrishankar R, Bruchas MR. Defining circuit-specific roles for G protein-coupled receptors in aversive learning. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2019; 26:146-156. [PMID: 32855999 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The encoding of negative valence in response to noxious stimuli/experiences and in turn, the behavioral representation of negative affective states is essential for survival. Recent advances in neuroscience have determined multiple sites of neural plasticity and key circuits of connectivity across these regions in mediating aversive behavior. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), owing to their neuromodulatory role, are especially important to refining our understanding of the molecular substrates involved in these circuits. In this review, we will focus on recent, contemporary findings that explore neural circuit-specific roles for neurotransmitter/peptide GPCRs and the importance of using novel approaches to illuminate the molecular mechanisms central to aversive learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raajaram Gowrishankar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Michael R Bruchas
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195.,Department of Pharmacology, Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195.,Pain and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
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30
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Malikowska-Racia N, Salat K. Recent advances in the neurobiology of posttraumatic stress disorder: A review of possible mechanisms underlying an effective pharmacotherapy. Pharmacol Res 2019; 142:30-49. [PMID: 30742899 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress in the field of neurobiology supported by clinical evidence gradually reveals the mystery of human brain functioning. So far, many psychiatric disorders have been described in great detail, although there are still plenty of cases that are misunderstood. These include posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which is a unique disease that combines a wide range of neurobiological changes, which involve disturbances of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal gland axis, hyperactivation of the amygdala complex, and attenuation of some hippocampal and cortical functions. Such multiplicity results in differential symptomatology, including elevated anxiety, nightmares, fear retrieval episodes that may trigger delusions and hallucinations, sleep disturbances, and many others that strongly interfere with the quality of the patient's life. Because of widespread neurological changes and the disease manifestation, the pharmacotherapy of PTSD remains unclear and requires a multidimensional approach and involvement of polypharmacotherapy. Hopefully, more and more neuroscientists and clinicians will study PTSD, which will provide us with new information that would possibly accelerate establishment of well-tolerated and effective pharmacotherapy. In this review, we have focused on neurobiological changes regarding PTSD, addressing the most disturbed brain structures and neurotransmissions, as well as discussing in detail the recently taken and novel therapeutic paths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Malikowska-Racia
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Chair of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Kinga Salat
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Chair of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Krakow, Poland
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31
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Bailey RA, Gutierrez A, Kyser TL, Hemmerle AM, Hufgard JR, Seroogy KB, Vorhees CV, Williams MT. Effects of Preweaning Manganese in Combination with Adult Striatal Dopamine Lesions on Monoamines, BDNF, TrkB, and Cognitive Function in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Neurotox Res 2019; 35:606-620. [PMID: 30612279 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9992-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient especially during development, but Mn overexposure (MnOE) produces long-term cognitive deficits. Evidence of long-term changes in dopamine in the neostriatum was found in rats from developmental MnOE previously. To examine the relationship between MnOE and dopamine, we tested whether the effects of developmental MnOE would be exaggerated by dopamine reductions induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) neostriatal infusion when the rats were adults. The experiment consisted of four groups of females and males: Vehicle/Sham, MnOE/Sham, Vehicle/6-OHDA, and MnOE/6-OHDA. Both MnOE/Sham and Vehicle/6-OHDA groups displayed egocentric and allocentric memory deficits, whereas MnOE+6-OHDA had additive effects on spatial memory in the Morris water maze and egocentric learning in the Cincinnati water maze. 6-OHDA reduced dopamine in the neostriatum and nucleus accumbens, reduced norepinephrine in the hippocampus, reduced TH+ cells and TrkB and TH expression in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), but increased TrkB in the neostriatum. MnOE alone had no effect on monoamines or TrkB in the neostriatum or hippocampus but reduced BDNF in the hippocampus. A number of sex differences were noted; however, only a few significant interactions were found for MnOE and/or 6-OHDA exposure. These data further implicate dopamine and BDNF in the cognitive deficits arising from developmental MnOE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Bailey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Arnold Gutierrez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Tara L Kyser
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Ann M Hemmerle
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Jillian R Hufgard
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Kim B Seroogy
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Charles V Vorhees
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Michael T Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
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32
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Chen M, Bi LL. Optogenetic Long-Term Depression Induction in the PVT-CeL Circuitry Mediates Decreased Fear Memory. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:4855-4865. [PMID: 30406427 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1407-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The dysregulation of fear learning and abnormal activities of cerebral networks may contribute to the etiologies of anxiety disorders. Although it has been proposed that decreased activity in the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) to the lateral central nucleus of amygdala (CeL) pathway could induce an attenuation of learned fear, no study has shown the effect of the direct optogenetic activation of PVT projecting CeL neurons in vivo on unconditioned fear-related behaviors or learned fear expression. The mechanisms that control the neuronal activity of the PVT-CeL pathway involved in anxiety are rare. Here, we found that CeL neurons have varied responses to optogenetic excitation of PVT terminals in the CeL: neurons with relative high excitability(~ 30%), neurons with relative low excitability(~ 60%), and neurons with no excitability (~ 10%). We next explored the role of the PVT-CeL pathway in unconditioned and conditioned fear-related behaviors by using optogenetics and anxiety assays in freely moving mice. We observed that temporally precise optogenetic activation of the CeL-projecting PVT neurons had no effect on unconditioned fear-related behaviors on the elevated plus maze test and the open field test. But optogenetic activation of the CeL-projecting PVT neurons increased conditioned fear expression. We then found that optogenetic long-term depression (LTD) induction in the CeL receiving PVT afferents effectively exerted a persistent attenuation of learned fear. The percentage of neurons with relative high excitability was decreased by the LTD induction, and the percentage of neurons with relative low excitability was increased by the LTD induction. Taking these results together, we identify that increased activity of the PVT-CeL pathway could lead to as excessive learned fear. The CeL neurons with relative high responses to the photo-stimulation of PVT afferents in the CeL may be the key neurons that regulate the output of learned fear expression. Our optogenetic LTD protocol may inspire the development of novel treatments for anxiety disorders involving deep brain stimulation to induce plasticity at relevant brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Lin-Lin Bi
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China. .,Wuhan University Center for Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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33
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Gregoriou GC, Kissiwaa SA, Patel SD, Bagley EE. Dopamine and opioids inhibit synaptic outputs of the main island of the intercalated neurons of the amygdala. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 50:2065-2074. [PMID: 30099803 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neural circuits in the amygdala are important for associating the positive experience of drug taking with the coincident environmental cues. During abstinence, cue re-exposure activates the amygdala, increases dopamine release in the amygdala and stimulates relapse to drug use in an opioid dependent manner. Neural circuits in the amygdala and the learning that underlies these behaviours are inhibited by GABAergic synaptic inhibition. A specialised subtype of GABAergic neurons in the amygdala are the clusters of intercalated cells. We focussed on the main-island of intercalated cells because these neurons, located ventromedial to the basolateral amygdala, express very high levels of dopamine D1-receptor and μ-opioid receptor, release enkephalin and are densely innervated by the ventral tegmental area. However, where these neurons project to was not fully described and their regulation by opioids and dopamine was incomplete. To address this issue we electrically stimulated in the main-island of the intercalated cells in rat brain slices and made patch-clamp recordings of GABAergic synaptics from amygdala neurons. We found that main-island neurons had a strong GABAergic inhibitory output to pyramidal neurons of the basolateral nucleus and the medial central nucleus, the major output zones of the amygdala. Opioids inhibited both these synaptic outputs of the intercalated neurons and thus would disinhibit these target zones. Additionally, dopamine acting at D1-receptors inhibited main-island neuron synapses onto other main-island neurons. This data indicates that the inhibitory projections from the main-island neurons could influence multiple aspects of addiction and emotional processing in an opioid and dopamine dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle C Gregoriou
- Discipline of Pharmacology & Charles Perkins Centre, Charles Perkins Centre D17, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Sarah A Kissiwaa
- Discipline of Pharmacology & Charles Perkins Centre, Charles Perkins Centre D17, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Sahil D Patel
- Discipline of Pharmacology & Charles Perkins Centre, Charles Perkins Centre D17, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Elena E Bagley
- Discipline of Pharmacology & Charles Perkins Centre, Charles Perkins Centre D17, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
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34
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Muraoka H, Oshibuchi H, Kawano M, Kawano T, Tsutsumi T, Yamada M, Ishigooka J, Nishimura K, Inada K. Escitalopram attenuates fear stress-induced increase in amygdalar dopamine following methamphetamine-induced sensitisation: Implications of fine-tuning action of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors on emotional processing. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 834:1-9. [PMID: 29981749 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin reuptake inhibitors modulate the serotonergic pathways of the nervous system and are widely used for treating psychiatric conditions such as anxiety and depression. The dopaminergic system is related to the development of these conditions. Previous studies on methamphetamine-sensitised rats (behavioural models of stress vulnerability) have shown increased release of dopamine in response to conditioned stress in the amygdala. This biochemical abnormality was proposed to underlie the pathophysiology of stress vulnerability. However, the effect of serotonin reuptake inhibitors on dopamine levels and its consequent impact on emotional processing is unclear. Here we examined the acute effect of escitalopram, a highly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, on fear-related behaviour, baseline dopamine release and dopamine release in response to conditioned fear stress in the amygdala of model rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received 2 mg/kg/day, s.c. of methamphetamine for 10 days to sensitise them to the drug, and a fear conditioning paradigm was instituted to model psychological stress. Dopamine changes in the amygdala in response to systemic administration of escitalopram followed by conditioned fear stress were measured using microdialysis and high-performance liquid chromatography. Baseline dopamine release in the amygdala was increased by escitalopram in non-sensitised rats but not in methamphetamine-sensitised rats. Escitalopram attenuated dopamine release in response to the fear-conditioned stimulus in both sensitised and non-sensitised rats. The extent of suppression in methamphetamine-sensitised rats (- 90%) was greater than that in non-sensitised rats (- 48%). These findings suggest that serotonin reuptake inhibitors indirectly stabilise the dopaminergic pathway and modulate emotional processing in the amygdala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Muraoka
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Kawada-cho 8-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Oshibuchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Kawada-cho 8-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
| | - Masahiko Kawano
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Kawada-cho 8-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Takaaki Kawano
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Kawada-cho 8-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tsutsumi
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Kawada-cho 8-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Makiko Yamada
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Kawada-cho 8-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Jun Ishigooka
- CNS Pharmacological Research Institute, 4-26-11, Sendagaya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0051, Japan
| | - Katsuji Nishimura
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Kawada-cho 8-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Ken Inada
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Kawada-cho 8-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
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Rice OV, Ashby CR, Dixon C, Laurenzo W, Hayden J, Song R, Li J, Tiwari AK, Gardner EL. Selective dopamine D 3 receptor antagonism significantly attenuates stress-induced immobility in a rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder. Synapse 2018; 72:e22035. [PMID: 29704283 DOI: 10.1002/syn.22035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating psychiatric syndrome that occurs in individuals exposed to extremely threatening or traumatic events. In both animals and humans, dopamine (DA) function appears to be dysregulated in brain areas involved in the conditioned fear response(s) that underlie PTSD. In this study, we determined the effect of the selective DA D3 receptor antagonists YQA14A (6.25, 12.5 and 25 mg/kg i.p.) and SB-277011A (6 mg/kg i.p.) on tone-induced fear (assessed by measuring freeze time) in a modified version of the single-prolonged stress (SPS) model of PTSD in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats pretreated with vehicle and then subjected to restraint stress, forced swim and random foot shock (SPS) in the presence of a distinctive tone, displayed a significantly increased tone-induced contextual freeze time and fecal pellet mass following re-exposure to the tone. Rats pretreated with a single i.p. injection of 6.25 or 12.5 mg/kg of YQA14 or 6 mg/kg of SB-277011A showed significantly attenuated contextual freeze time in the presence of the tone when tested 14 days after exposure to SPS. Overall, our results indicate that selectively antagonizing DA D3 receptors significantly decreases freezing time caused by an environment previously associated with stress. If our findings can be extrapolated to humans with PTSD, they suggest that DA D3 receptors may play a role in the pathophysiology of PTSD, and may have therapeutic utility for the clinical management of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onarae V Rice
- Psychology Department, Neuroscience Program, Furman University, 3300 Poinsett Highway, Greenville, South Carolina
| | - Charles R Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Jamaica, New York
| | - Clark Dixon
- Psychology Department, Neuroscience Program, Furman University, 3300 Poinsett Highway, Greenville, South Carolina
| | - William Laurenzo
- Psychology Department, Neuroscience Program, Furman University, 3300 Poinsett Highway, Greenville, South Carolina
| | - Jason Hayden
- Psychology Department, Neuroscience Program, Furman University, 3300 Poinsett Highway, Greenville, South Carolina
| | - Rui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Eliot L Gardner
- Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Kawano T, Oshibuchi H, Kawano M, Muraoka H, Tsutsumi T, Yamada M, Ishigooka J, Nishimura K, Inada K. Diazepam suppresses the stress-induced dopaminergic release in the amygdala of methamphetamine-sensitized rat. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 833:247-254. [PMID: 29885289 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Although the benzodiazepine class of drugs has proven useful in treating anxiety symptoms, recent studies yield no consistent empirical support for their use in treating psychiatric disorders. However, animal studies using a fear conditioning paradigm have suggested that benzodiazepines facilitate fear memory extinction, dependent on treatment timing and subject conditions. However, we have no data on the effect of subject conditions. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the effect of benzodiazepines depends on hypersensitivity to fear-memory processing. We examined the effect of diazepam, a benzodiazepine, on the extracellular dopamine level in the left amygdala of methamphetamine-sensitized, fear-conditioned model rats, using microdialysis and high-performance liquid chromatography. In this model, the dopamine level in the amygdala excessively increases in response to a fear-conditioned stimulus; the phenomenon has been proposed as a biological marker for hypersensitivity to fear-memory processing. Diazepam inhibited this excessive increase. The extent of the inhibitory effect was greater in the sensitized condition. Diazepam alone increased amygdalar dopamine levels under physiological conditions but not under sensitized conditions. Diazepam did not shorten freezing time in any group. These results suggest that diazepam modulates amygdala dopamine with state dependence and that amygdalar dopamine fine-tuning accounts for part of the therapeutic effect of benzodiazepines on fear memory processing. Further investigation is required to identify patients suitable for treatment with benzodiazepines. This is the first report on the pharmacodynamic effects of benzodiazepine on the amygdalar dopamine basal level and on fear memory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Kawano
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Kawada-cho 8-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
| | - Hidehiro Oshibuchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Kawada-cho 8-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
| | - Masahiko Kawano
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Kawada-cho 8-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Muraoka
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Kawada-cho 8-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Tsutsumi
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Kawada-cho 8-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
| | - Makiko Yamada
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Kawada-cho 8-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
| | - Jun Ishigooka
- CNS Pharmacological Research Institute, 4-26-11, Sendagaya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0051, Japan.
| | - Katsuji Nishimura
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Kawada-cho 8-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
| | - Ken Inada
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Kawada-cho 8-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
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Grosso A, Santoni G, Manassero E, Renna A, Sacchetti B. A neuronal basis for fear discrimination in the lateral amygdala. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1214. [PMID: 29572443 PMCID: PMC5865209 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03682-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the presence of new stimuli, it is crucial for survival to react with defensive responses in the presence of stimuli that resemble threats but also to not react with defensive behavior in response to new harmless stimuli. Here, we show that in the presence of new uncertain stimuli with sensory features that produce an ambiguous interpretation, discriminative processes engage a subset of excitatory and inhibitory neurons within the lateral amygdala (LA) that are partially different from those engaged by fear processes. Inducing the pharmacogenetic deletion of this neuronal ensemble caused fear generalization but left anxiety-like response, fear memory and extinction processes intact. These data reveal that two opposite neuronal processes account for fear discrimination and generalization within the LA and suggest a potential pathophysiological mechanism for the impaired discrimination that characterizes fear-related disorders. When perceiving new stimuli, organisms need to distinguish between threats versus harmless stimuli. Here, the authors find a set of cells in the lateral amygdala that is required to discriminate or generalize new auditory stimuli based on similarity to previously fear-associate sounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Grosso
- Rita Levi-Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, I-10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Santoni
- Rita Levi-Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, I-10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Eugenio Manassero
- Rita Levi-Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, I-10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Annamaria Renna
- Rita Levi-Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, I-10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Benedetto Sacchetti
- Rita Levi-Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, I-10125, Turin, Italy. .,National Institute of Neuroscience - Turin, I-10125, Turin, Italy.
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Quantified Coexpression Analysis of Central Amygdala Subpopulations. eNeuro 2018; 5:eN-NWR-0010-18. [PMID: 29445764 PMCID: PMC5810038 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0010-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular identification and characterization of fear controlling circuitries is a promising path towards developing targeted treatments of fear-related disorders. Three-color in situ hybridization analysis was used to determine whether somatostatin (SOM, Sst), neurotensin (NTS, Nts), corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF, Crf), tachykinin 2 (TAC2, Tac2), protein kinase c-δ (PKC-δ, Prkcd), and dopamine receptor 2 (DRD2, Drd2) mRNA colocalize in male mouse amygdala neurons. Expression and colocalization was examined across capsular (CeC), lateral (CeL), and medial (CeM) compartments of the central amygdala. The greatest expression of Prkcd and Drd2 were found in CeC and CeL. Crf was expressed primarily in CeL, while Sst-, Nts-, and Tac2-expressing neurons were distributed between CeL and CeM. High levels of colocalization were identified between Sst, Nts, Crf, and Tac2 within the CeL, while little colocalization was detected between any mRNAs within the CeM. These findings provide a more detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate the development and maintenance of fear and anxiety behaviors.
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39
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Noel M, Vinall J, Tomfohr-Madsen L, Holley AL, Wilson AC, Palermo TM. Sleep Mediates the Association Between PTSD Symptoms and Chronic Pain in Youth. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2018; 19:67-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Andersen N, Krauth N, Nabavi S. Hebbian plasticity in vivo: relevance and induction. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2017; 45:188-192. [PMID: 28683352 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hebbian plasticity, as represented by long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) of synapses, has been the most influential hypothesis to account for encoding of memories. The evidence for the physiological relevance of LTP is indisputable. However, until recently the ways by which LTP physiologically is induced in its natural environment, the brain, was less clear. Nonetheless, current evidence points to neuromodulators as an indispensable element. The case for LTD in vivo is less certain. Even its relevance has been a matter of speculation and doubts. However, emerging evidence for a physiological role for LTD is promising, as the phenomenon has been observed at different brain regions. More needs to be done before LTD can claim an equal status alongside LTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Andersen
- DANDRITE - Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Denmark; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Nathalie Krauth
- DANDRITE - Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Denmark; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Sadegh Nabavi
- DANDRITE - Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Denmark; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Denmark.
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41
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Monday HR, Castillo PE. Closing the gap: long-term presynaptic plasticity in brain function and disease. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2017; 45:106-112. [PMID: 28570863 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity is critical for experience-dependent adjustments of brain function. While most research has focused on the mechanisms that underlie postsynaptic forms of plasticity, comparatively little is known about how neurotransmitter release is altered in a long-term manner. Emerging research suggests that many of the features of canonical 'postsynaptic' plasticity, such as associativity, structural changes and bidirectionality, also characterize long-term presynaptic plasticity. Recent studies demonstrate that presynaptic plasticity is a potent regulator of circuit output and function. Moreover, aberrant presynaptic plasticity is a convergent factor of synaptopathies like schizophrenia, addiction, and Autism Spectrum Disorders, and may be a potential target for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R Monday
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Pablo E Castillo
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States.
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42
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Pignatelli M, Umanah GKE, Ribeiro SP, Chen R, Karuppagounder SS, Yau HJ, Eacker S, Dawson VL, Dawson TM, Bonci A. Synaptic Plasticity onto Dopamine Neurons Shapes Fear Learning. Neuron 2017; 93:425-440. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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43
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Lee JH, Lee S, Kim JH. Amygdala Circuits for Fear Memory: A Key Role for Dopamine Regulation. Neuroscientist 2016; 23:542-553. [DOI: 10.1177/1073858416679936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In addition to modulating a number of cognitive functions including reward, punishment, motivation, and salience, dopamine (DA) plays a pivotal role in regulating threat-related emotional memory. Changes in neural circuits of the amygdala nuclei are also critically involved in the acquisition and expression of emotional memory. In this review, we summarize the regulation of amygdala circuits by DA. Specifically, we describe DA signaling in the amygdala, and DA regulation of synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity of the amygdala neurons. Finally, we discuss a potential contribution of DA-related mechanisms to the pathogenesis of posttraumatic stress disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Han Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - Seungho Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - Joung-Hun Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Korea
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McCullough KM, Morrison FG, Ressler KJ. Bridging the Gap: Towards a cell-type specific understanding of neural circuits underlying fear behaviors. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2016; 135:27-39. [PMID: 27470092 PMCID: PMC5123437 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2016.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Fear and anxiety-related disorders are remarkably common and debilitating, and are often characterized by dysregulated fear responses. Rodent models of fear learning and memory have taken great strides towards elucidating the specific neuronal circuitries underlying the learning of fear responses. The present review addresses recent research utilizing optogenetic approaches to parse circuitries underlying fear behaviors. It also highlights the powerful advances made when optogenetic techniques are utilized in a genetically defined, cell-type specific, manner. The application of next-generation genetic and sequencing approaches in a cell-type specific context will be essential for a mechanistic understanding of the neural circuitry underlying fear behavior and for the rational design of targeted, circuit specific, pharmacologic interventions for the treatment and prevention of fear-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M McCullough
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, United States.
| | - F G Morrison
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - K J Ressler
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, United States
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45
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McLaughlin T, Febo M, Badgaiyan RD, Barh D, Dushaj K, Braverman ER, Li M, Madigan MA, Blum K. KB220Z™ a Pro-Dopamine Regulator Associated with the Protracted, Alleviation of Terrifying Lucid Dreams. Can We Infer Neuroplasticity-induced Changes in the Reward Circuit? JOURNAL OF REWARD DEFICIENCY SYNDROME AND ADDICTION SCIENCE 2016; 2:3-13. [PMID: 28210713 PMCID: PMC5308138 DOI: 10.17756/jrdsas.2016-022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent reports by our laboratory have indicated that lucid dreams may be linked to psychiatric conditions, including Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and other Reward Deficiency Syndrome-related diagnoses. In the latter case, it has been our observation that such lucid dreams can be unpleasant and frequently terrifying. CASE PRESENTATIONS We present four cases of a dramatic and persistent alleviation of terrifying, lucid dreams in patients diagnosed with ADHD/PTSD and/or opiate/opioid addiction. The amelioration of such dreams could well be permanent, since the patients had stopped taking the nutraceutical for between 10 to 12 months, without their recollection or recurrence. In the first case, the patient is a 47-year-old, married male who required continued Buprenorphine/ Naloxone (Suboxone) treatment. The second case involved a 32-year-old female with the sole diagnosis of ADHD. The third case involves a 38-year-old male who carried the diagnoses of Substance Use Dependence and ADHD. The fourth case involved a 50-year-old female with the diagnoses of Alcohol Abuse, ADHD and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. RESULTS In order to attempt to understand the possibility of neuroplasticity, we evaluated the effect of KB220Z in non-opioid-addicted rats utilizing functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging methodology. While we cannot make a definitive claim because rat brain functional connectivity may not be exactly the same as humans, it does provide some interesting clues. We did find following seeding of the dorsal hippocampus, enhanced connectivity volume across several Regions of Interest (ROI), with the exception of the pre- frontal cortex. Interestingly, the latter region is only infrequently activated in lucid human dreaming, when the dreamer reports that he/she had the thought that they were dreaming during the lucid dream. CONCLUSIONS The four patients initially reported a gradual but, then, complete amelioration of their long-term, terrifying, lucid dreams, while taking KB220Z. The persistent amelioration of these dreams continued for up to 12 months, after a self-initiated, cessation of use of KB220Z. These particular cases raise the scientific possibility that KB200Z increases both dopamine stability as well as functional connectivity between networks of brain reward circuitry in both rodents and humans. The increase in connectivity volume in rodents suggest the induction of neuroplasticity changes, which may be analogous to those involved in human lucid dreaming as well as Rapid Eye Movement sleep. The possibility that the complex induces long-term, neuroplasticity changes must await more intensive investigations, involving large-population, double-blinded studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcelo Febo
- Department of Psychiatry and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rajendra D. Badgaiyan
- Molecular and Functional Imaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Neuromodulation Program, University of Minnesota Twin City Campus, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Laboratory of Advanced Radiochemistry, University of Minnesota Twin City Campus, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Debmalya Barh
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, India
| | - Kristina Dushaj
- Department of Clinical Neurology, PATH Foundation NY, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric R. Braverman
- Department of Clinical Neurology, PATH Foundation NY, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mona Li
- Department of Clinical Neurology, PATH Foundation NY, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Kenneth Blum
- Department of Psychiatry and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, India
- Department of Clinical Neurology, PATH Foundation NY, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Personalized Medicine, IGENE, LLC., Austin, TX, USA
- Community Mental Health Institute, Center for Clinical & Translational Science, University of Vermont and Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
- Division of Addiction Services, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC., North Kingstown, RI, USA
- Division of Neuroscience-Based Therapy, Summit Estate Recovery Center, Los Gatos, CA, USA
- Department of Nutrigenomics, LaVita RDS, LLC, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Division of Neuroscience Research & Addiction Therapy, Shores Treatment & Recovery Center, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA
- Department of Education & Psychology, Eotvus Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
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