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Cicali KA, Tapia-Rojas C. Synaptic Mitochondria: a crucial factor in the aged hippocampus. Ageing Res Rev 2024:102524. [PMID: 39369797 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2024] [Revised: 09/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
Aging is a multifaceted biological process characterized by progressive molecular and cellular damage accumulation. The brain hippocampus undergoes functional deterioration with age, caused by cellular deficits, decreased synaptic communication, and neuronal death, ultimately leading to memory impairment. One of the factors contributing to this dysfunction is the loss of mitochondrial function. In neurons, mitochondria are categorized into synaptic and non-synaptic pools based on their location. Synaptic mitochondria, situated at the synapses, play a crucial role in maintaining neuronal function and synaptic plasticity, whereas non-synaptic mitochondria are distributed throughout other neuronal compartments, supporting overall cellular metabolism and energy supply. The proper function of synaptic mitochondria is essential for synaptic transmission as they provide the energy required and regulate calcium homeostasis at the communication sites between neurons. Maintaining the structure and functionality of synaptic mitochondria involves intricate processes, including mitochondrial dynamics such as fission, fusion, transport, and quality control mechanisms. These processes ensure that mitochondria remain functional, replace damaged organelles, and sustain cellular homeostasis at synapses. Notably, deficiencies in these mechanisms have been increasingly associated with aging and the onset of age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Synaptic mitochondria from the hippocampus are particularly vulnerable to age-related changes, including alterations in morphology and a decline in functionality, which significantly contribute to decreased synaptic activity during aging. This review comprehensively explores the critical roles that mitochondrial dynamics and quality control mechanisms play in preserving synaptic activity and neuronal function. It emphasizes the emerging evidence linking the deterioration of synaptic mitochondria to the aging process and the development of neurodegenerative diseases, highlighting the importance of these organelles from hippocampal neurons as potential therapeutic targets for mitigating cognitive decline and synaptic degeneration associated with aging. The novelty of this review lies in its focus on the unique vulnerability of hippocampal synaptic mitochondria to aging, underscoring their importance in maintaining brain function across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina A Cicali
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Aging, Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Huechuraba, Santiago 8580702, Chile; Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota 2465, Santiago 7510157, Chile
| | - Cheril Tapia-Rojas
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Aging, Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Huechuraba, Santiago 8580702, Chile; Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota 2465, Santiago 7510157, Chile.
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2
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Zaninello M, Baptista P, Duarte FV. Mitochondrial Dynamics and mRNA Translation: A Local Synaptic Tale. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:746. [PMID: 39336173 PMCID: PMC11428642 DOI: 10.3390/biology13090746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2024] [Revised: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that can adjust and respond to different stimuli within a cell. This plastic ability allows them to effectively coordinate several cellular functions in cells and becomes particularly relevant in highly complex cells such as neurons. An imbalance in mitochondrial dynamics can disrupt mitochondrial function, leading to abnormal cellular function and ultimately to a range of diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. Regulation of mRNA transport and local translation inside neurons is crucial for maintaining the proteome of distal mitochondria, which is vital for energy production and synaptic function. A significant portion of the axonal transcriptome is dedicated to mRNAs for mitochondrial proteins, emphasizing the importance of local translation in sustaining mitochondrial function in areas far from the cell body. In neurons, local translation and the regulation of mRNAs encoding mitochondrial-shaping proteins could be essential for synaptic plasticity and neuronal health. The dynamics of these mRNAs, including their transport and local translation, may influence the morphology and function of mitochondria, thereby affecting the overall energy status and responsiveness of synapses. Comprehending the mitochondria-related mRNA regulation and local translation, as well as its influence on mitochondrial morphology near the synapses will help to better understand neuronal physiology and neurological diseases where mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired synaptic plasticity play a central role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Zaninello
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Pedro Baptista
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Filipe V Duarte
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
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3
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Sayehmiri F, Motamedi F, Batool Z, Naderi N, Shaerzadeh F, Zoghi A, Rezaei O, Khodagholi F, Pourbadie HG. Mitochondrial plasticity and synaptic plasticity crosstalk; in health and Alzheimer's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14897. [PMID: 39097920 PMCID: PMC11298206 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity is believed to underlie the cellular and molecular basis of memory formation. Mitochondria are one of the main organelles involved in metabolism and energy maintenance as plastic organelles that change morphologically and functionally in response to cellular needs and regulate synaptic function and plasticity through multiple mechanisms, including ATP generation, calcium homeostasis, and biogenesis. An increased neuronal activity enhances synaptic efficiency, during which mitochondria's spatial distribution and morphology change significantly. These organelles build up in the pre-and postsynaptic zones to produce ATP, which is necessary for several synaptic processes like neurotransmitter release and recycling. Mitochondria also regulate calcium homeostasis by buffering intracellular calcium, which ensures proper synaptic activity. Furthermore, mitochondria in the presynaptic terminal have distinct morphological properties compared to dendritic or postsynaptic mitochondria. This specialization enables precise control of synaptic activity and plasticity. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been linked to synaptic failure in many neurodegenerative disorders, like Alzheimer's disease (AD). In AD, malfunctioning mitochondria cause delays in synaptic vesicle release and recycling, ionic gradient imbalances, and mostly synaptic failure. This review emphasizes mitochondrial plasticity's contribution to synaptic function. It also explores the profound effect of mitochondrial malfunction on neurodegenerative disorders, focusing on AD, and provides an overview of how they sustain cellular health under normal conditions and how their malfunction contributes to neurodegenerative diseases, highlighting their potential as a therapeutic target for such conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sayehmiri
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Fereshteh Motamedi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Faculty of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Zehra Batool
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological SciencesUniversity of KarachiKarachiPakistan
| | - Nima Naderi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of PharmacyShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | | | - Anahita Zoghi
- Department of Neurology, Loghman Hakim HospitalShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Omidvar Rezaei
- Skull Base Research CenterLoghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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4
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Lu Y, Jiang Y, Wang F, Wu H, Hua Y. Electron Microscopic Mapping of Mitochondrial Morphology in the Cochlear Nerve Fibers. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2024; 25:341-354. [PMID: 38937328 PMCID: PMC11349726 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-024-00957-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
To enable nervous system function, neurons are powered in a use-dependent manner by mitochondria undergoing morphological-functional adaptation. In a well-studied model system-the mammalian cochlea, auditory nerve fibers (ANFs) display distinct electrophysiological properties, which is essential for collectively sampling acoustic information of a large dynamic range. How exactly the associated mitochondrial networks are deployed in functionally differentiated ANFs remains scarcely interrogated. Here, we leverage volume electron microscopy and machine-learning-assisted image analysis to phenotype mitochondrial morphology and distribution along ANFs of full-length in the mouse cochlea inner spiral bundle. This reveals greater variance in mitochondrial size with increased ANF habenula to terminal path length. Particularly, we analyzed the ANF terminal-residing mitochondria, which are critical for local calcium uptake during sustained afferent activities. Our results suggest that terminal-specific enrichment of mitochondria, in addition to terminal size and overall mitochondrial abundance of the ANF, correlates with heterogenous mitochondrial contents of the terminal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunfeng Hua
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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5
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Kochan SMV, Malo MC, Jevtic M, Jahn-Kelleter HM, Wani GA, Ndoci K, Pérez-Revuelta L, Gaedke F, Schäffner I, Lie DC, Schauss A, Bergami M. Enhanced mitochondrial fusion during a critical period of synaptic plasticity in adult-born neurons. Neuron 2024; 112:1997-2014.e6. [PMID: 38582081 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Integration of new neurons into adult hippocampal circuits is a process coordinated by local and long-range synaptic inputs. To achieve stable integration and uniquely contribute to hippocampal function, immature neurons are endowed with a critical period of heightened synaptic plasticity, yet it remains unclear which mechanisms sustain this form of plasticity during neuronal maturation. We found that as new neurons enter their critical period, a transient surge in fusion dynamics stabilizes elongated mitochondrial morphologies in dendrites to fuel synaptic plasticity. Conditional ablation of fusion dynamics to prevent mitochondrial elongation selectively impaired spine plasticity and synaptic potentiation, disrupting neuronal competition for stable circuit integration, ultimately leading to decreased survival. Despite profuse mitochondrial fragmentation, manipulation of competition dynamics was sufficient to restore neuronal survival but left neurons poorly responsive to experience at the circuit level. Thus, by enabling synaptic plasticity during the critical period, mitochondrial fusion facilitates circuit remodeling by adult-born neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M V Kochan
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Meret Cepero Malo
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Milica Jevtic
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Hannah M Jahn-Kelleter
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Gulzar A Wani
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Kristiano Ndoci
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Laura Pérez-Revuelta
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Felix Gaedke
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Iris Schäffner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dieter Chichung Lie
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Astrid Schauss
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Matteo Bergami
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Institute of Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne 50674, Germany; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany.
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6
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Pavlowsky A, Comyn T, Minatchy J, Geny D, Bun P, Danglot L, Preat T, Plaçais PY. Spaced training activates Miro/Milton-dependent mitochondrial dynamics in neuronal axons to sustain long-term memory. Curr Biol 2024; 34:1904-1917.e6. [PMID: 38642548 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Neurons have differential and fluctuating energy needs across distinct cellular compartments, shaped by brain electrochemical activity associated with cognition. In vitro studies show that mitochondria transport from soma to axons is key to maintaining neuronal energy homeostasis. Nevertheless, whether the spatial distribution of neuronal mitochondria is dynamically adjusted in vivo in an experience-dependent manner remains unknown. In Drosophila, associative long-term memory (LTM) formation is initiated by an early and persistent upregulation of mitochondrial pyruvate flux in the axonal compartment of neurons in the mushroom body (MB). Through behavior experiments, super-resolution analysis of mitochondria morphology in the neuronal soma and in vivo mitochondrial fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) measurements in the axons, we show that LTM induction, contrary to shorter-lived memories, is sustained by the departure of some mitochondria from MB neuronal soma and increased mitochondrial dynamics in the axonal compartment. Accordingly, impairing mitochondrial dynamics abolished the increased pyruvate consumption, specifically after spaced training and in the MB axonal compartment, thereby preventing LTM formation. Our results thus promote reorganization of the mitochondrial network in neurons as an integral step in elaborating high-order cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Pavlowsky
- Energy & Memory, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Typhaine Comyn
- Energy & Memory, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Julia Minatchy
- Energy & Memory, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - David Geny
- Université de Paris, NeurImag Imaging Facility, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Bun
- Université de Paris, NeurImag Imaging Facility, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Lydia Danglot
- Université de Paris, NeurImag Imaging Facility, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Preat
- Energy & Memory, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Pierre-Yves Plaçais
- Energy & Memory, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France.
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7
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Andersen JV, Westi EW, Griem-Krey N, Skotte NH, Schousboe A, Aldana BI, Wellendorph P. Deletion of CaMKIIα disrupts glucose metabolism, glutamate uptake, and synaptic energetics in the cerebral cortex. J Neurochem 2024; 168:704-718. [PMID: 36949663 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha (CaMKIIα) is a key regulator of neuronal signaling and synaptic plasticity. Synaptic activity and neurotransmitter homeostasis are closely coupled to the energy metabolism of both neurons and astrocytes. However, whether CaMKIIα function is implicated in brain energy and neurotransmitter metabolism remains unclear. Here, we explored the metabolic consequences of CaMKIIα deletion in the cerebral cortex using a genetic CaMKIIα knockout (KO) mouse. Energy and neurotransmitter metabolism was functionally investigated in acutely isolated cerebral cortical slices using stable 13C isotope tracing, whereas the metabolic function of synaptosomes was assessed by the rates of glycolytic activity and mitochondrial respiration. The oxidative metabolism of [U-13C]glucose was extensively reduced in cerebral cortical slices of the CaMKIIα KO mice. In contrast, metabolism of [1,2-13C]acetate, primarily reflecting astrocyte metabolism, was unaffected. Cellular uptake, and subsequent metabolism, of [U-13C]glutamate was decreased in cerebral cortical slices of CaMKIIα KO mice, whereas uptake and metabolism of [U-13C]GABA were unaffected, suggesting selective metabolic impairments of the excitatory system. Synaptic metabolic function was maintained during resting conditions in isolated synaptosomes from CaMKIIα KO mice, but both the glycolytic and mitochondrial capacities became insufficient when the synaptosomes were metabolically challenged. Collectively, this study shows that global deletion of CaMKIIα significantly impairs cellular energy and neurotransmitter metabolism, particularly of neurons, suggesting a metabolic role of CaMKIIα signaling in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens V Andersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emil W Westi
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nane Griem-Krey
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels H Skotte
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arne Schousboe
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Blanca I Aldana
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Petrine Wellendorph
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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8
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Pannoni KE, Fischer QS, Tarannum R, Cawley ML, Alsalman MM, Acosta N, Ezigbo C, Gil DV, Campbell LA, Farris S. MCU-enriched dendritic mitochondria regulate plasticity in distinct hippocampal circuits. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.11.10.566606. [PMID: 37986798 PMCID: PMC10659405 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.10.566606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that are morphologically and functionally diverse across cell types and subcellular compartments in order to meet unique energy demands. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in a wide variety of neurological disorders, including psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Despite it being well known that mitochondria are essential for synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity, the mechanisms regulating mitochondria in support of normal synapse function are incompletely understood. The mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) regulates calcium entry into the mitochondria, which in turn regulates the bioenergetics and distribution of mitochondria to active synapses. Evidence suggests that calcium influx via MCU couples neuronal activity to mitochondrial metabolism and ATP production, which would allow neurons to rapidly adapt to changing energy demands. Intriguingly, MCU is uniquely enriched in hippocampal CA2 distal dendrites relative to neighboring hippocampal CA1 or CA3 distal dendrites, however, the functional significance of this enrichment is not clear. Synapses from the entorhinal cortex layer II (ECII) onto CA2 distal dendrites readily express long term potentiation (LTP), unlike the LTP-resistant synapses from CA3 onto CA2 proximal dendrites, but the mechanisms underlying these different plasticity profiles are unknown. We hypothesized that enrichment of MCU near ECII-CA2 synapses promotes LTP in an otherwise plasticity-restricted cell type. Using a CA2-specific MCU knockout (cKO) mouse, we found that MCU is required for LTP at distal dendrite synapses but does not affect the lack of LTP at proximal dendrite synapses. Loss of LTP at ECII-CA2 synapses correlated with a trend for decreased spine density in CA2 distal dendrites of cKO mice compared to control (CTL) mice, which was predominantly seen in immature spines. Moreover, mitochondria were significantly smaller and more numerous across all dendritic layers of CA2 in cKO mice compared to CTL mice, suggesting an overall increase in mitochondrial fragmentation. Fragmented mitochondria might have functional changes, such as altered ATP production, that might explain a deficit in synaptic plasticity. Collectively, our data reveal that MCU regulates layer-specific forms of plasticity in CA2 dendrites, potentially by maintaining proper mitochondria morphology and distribution within dendrites. Differences in MCU expression across different cell types and circuits might be a general mechanism to tune the sensitivity of mitochondria to cytoplasmic calcium levels to power synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy E. Pannoni
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Center for Neurobiology Research, Roanoke, Virginia
| | - Quentin S. Fischer
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Center for Neurobiology Research, Roanoke, Virginia
| | - Renesa Tarannum
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Center for Neurobiology Research, Roanoke, Virginia
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Mikel L. Cawley
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Center for Neurobiology Research, Roanoke, Virginia
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Mayd M. Alsalman
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Center for Neurobiology Research, Roanoke, Virginia
| | - Nicole Acosta
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Center for Neurobiology Research, Roanoke, Virginia
| | - Chisom Ezigbo
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Center for Neurobiology Research, Roanoke, Virginia
| | - Daniela V. Gil
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Center for Neurobiology Research, Roanoke, Virginia
| | - Logan A. Campbell
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Center for Neurobiology Research, Roanoke, Virginia
| | - Shannon Farris
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Center for Neurobiology Research, Roanoke, Virginia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, Virginia
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9
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Zhong R, Rua MT, Wei-LaPierre L. Targeting mitochondrial Ca 2+ uptake for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Physiol 2024; 602:1519-1549. [PMID: 38010626 PMCID: PMC11032238 DOI: 10.1113/jp284143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rare adult-onset neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive motor neuron (MN) loss, muscle denervation and paralysis. Over the past several decades, researchers have made tremendous efforts to understand the pathogenic mechanisms underpinning ALS, with much yet to be resolved. ALS is described as a non-cell autonomous condition with pathology detected in both MNs and non-neuronal cells, such as glial cells and skeletal muscle. Studies in ALS patient and animal models reveal ubiquitous abnormalities in mitochondrial structure and function, and disturbance of intracellular calcium homeostasis in various tissue types, suggesting a pivotal role of aberrant mitochondrial calcium uptake and dysfunctional calcium signalling cascades in ALS pathogenesis. Calcium signalling and mitochondrial dysfunction are intricately related to the manifestation of cell death contributing to MN loss and skeletal muscle dysfunction. In this review, we discuss the potential contribution of intracellular calcium signalling, particularly mitochondrial calcium uptake, in ALS pathogenesis. Functional consequences of excessive mitochondrial calcium uptake and possible therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial calcium uptake or the mitochondrial calcium uniporter, the main channel mediating mitochondrial calcium influx, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjia Zhong
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China, 110001
| | - Michael T. Rua
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611
| | - Lan Wei-LaPierre
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611
- Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
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10
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Virga DM, Hamilton S, Osei B, Morgan A, Kneis P, Zamponi E, Park NJ, Hewitt VL, Zhang D, Gonzalez KC, Russell FM, Grahame Hardie D, Prudent J, Bloss E, Losonczy A, Polleux F, Lewis TL. Activity-dependent compartmentalization of dendritic mitochondria morphology through local regulation of fusion-fission balance in neurons in vivo. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2142. [PMID: 38459070 PMCID: PMC10923867 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46463-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuronal mitochondria play important roles beyond ATP generation, including Ca2+ uptake, and therefore have instructive roles in synaptic function and neuronal response properties. Mitochondrial morphology differs significantly between the axon and dendrites of a given neuronal subtype, but in CA1 pyramidal neurons (PNs) of the hippocampus, mitochondria within the dendritic arbor also display a remarkable degree of subcellular, layer-specific compartmentalization. In the dendrites of these neurons, mitochondria morphology ranges from highly fused and elongated in the apical tuft, to more fragmented in the apical oblique and basal dendritic compartments, and thus occupy a smaller fraction of dendritic volume than in the apical tuft. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this striking degree of subcellular compartmentalization of mitochondria morphology are unknown, precluding the assessment of its impact on neuronal function. Here, we demonstrate that this compartment-specific morphology of dendritic mitochondria requires activity-dependent, Ca2+ and Camkk2-dependent activation of AMPK and its ability to phosphorylate two direct effectors: the pro-fission Drp1 receptor Mff and the recently identified anti-fusion, Opa1-inhibiting protein, Mtfr1l. Our study uncovers a signaling pathway underlying the subcellular compartmentalization of mitochondrial morphology in dendrites of neurons in vivo through spatially precise and activity-dependent regulation of mitochondria fission/fusion balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Virga
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stevie Hamilton
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bertha Osei
- Aging & Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Abigail Morgan
- Aging & Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Neuroscience, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Oklahoma University Health Science Campus, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Parker Kneis
- Aging & Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Neuroscience, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Oklahoma University Health Science Campus, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Emiliano Zamponi
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Natalie J Park
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Victoria L Hewitt
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin C Gonzalez
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fiona M Russell
- Division of Cell Signalling & Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - D Grahame Hardie
- Division of Cell Signalling & Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Julien Prudent
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, CB2 0XY, Cambridge, UK
| | - Erik Bloss
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | - Attila Losonczy
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Franck Polleux
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Tommy L Lewis
- Aging & Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Neuroscience, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Oklahoma University Health Science Campus, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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11
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Atarashi N, Morishita M, Matsuda S. Activation of innate immune receptor TLR9 by mitochondrial DNA plays essential roles in the chemical long-term depression of hippocampal neurons. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105744. [PMID: 38354781 PMCID: PMC10943477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity is believed to be the cellular basis for experience-dependent learning and memory. Although long-term depression (LTD), a form of synaptic plasticity, is caused by the activity-dependent reduction of cell surface α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA)-type glutamate receptors (AMPA receptors) at postsynaptic sites, its regulation by neuronal activity is not completely understood. In this study, we showed that the inhibition of toll-like receptor-9 (TLR9), an innate immune receptor, suppresses N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-induced reduction of cell surface AMPA receptors in cultured hippocampal neurons. We found that inhibition of TLR9 also blocked NMDA-induced activation of caspase-3, which plays an essential role in the induction of LTD. siRNA-based knockdown of TLR9 also suppressed the NMDA-induced reduction of cell surface AMPA receptors, although the scrambled RNA had no effect on the NMDA-induced trafficking of AMPA receptors. Overexpression of the siRNA-resistant form of TLR9 rescued the AMPA receptor trafficking abolished by siRNA. Furthermore, NMDA stimulation induced rapid mitochondrial morphological changes, mitophagy, and the binding of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to TLR9. Treatment with dideoxycytidine and mitochondrial division inhibitor-1, which block mtDNA replication and mitophagy, respectively, inhibited NMDA-dependent AMPA receptor internalization. These results suggest that mitophagy induced by NMDA receptor activation releases mtDNA and activates TLR9, which plays an essential role in the trafficking of AMPA receptors during the induction of LTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Atarashi
- Department of Engineering Science, Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Misaki Morishita
- Department of Engineering Science, Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Matsuda
- Department of Engineering Science, Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan; Center for Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (CNBE), The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan.
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12
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Chen JH, Xu N, Qi L, Yan HH, Wan FY, Gao F, Fu C, Cang C, Lu B, Bi GQ, Tang AH. Reduced lysosomal density in neuronal dendrites mediates deficits in synaptic plasticity in Huntington's disease. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113573. [PMID: 38096054 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) usually causes cognitive disorders, including learning difficulties, that emerge before motor symptoms. Mutations related to lysosomal trafficking are linked to the pathogenesis of neurological diseases, whereas the cellular mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we discover a reduction in the dendritic density of lysosomes in the hippocampus that correlates with deficits in synaptic plasticity and spatial learning in early CAG-140 HD model mice. We directly manipulate intraneuronal lysosomal positioning with light-induced CRY2:CIB1 dimerization and demonstrate that lysosomal abundance in dendrites positively modulates long-term potentiation of glutamatergic synapses onto the neuron. This modulation depends on lysosomal Ca2+ release, which further promotes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) entry into spines. Importantly, optogenetically restoring lysosomal density in dendrites rescues the synaptic plasticity deficit in hippocampal slices of CAG-140 mice. Our data reveal dendritic lysosomal density as a modulator of synaptic plasticity and suggest a role of lysosomal mispositioning in cognitive decline in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230088, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, MOE Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center and Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
| | - Na Xu
- Department of Neurology and Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, MOE Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center and Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Lei Qi
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Hao-Hao Yan
- Department of Neurology and Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, MOE Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center and Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Fang-Yan Wan
- Department of Neurology and Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, MOE Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center and Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Neurology and Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chuanhai Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, MOE Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center and Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Chunlei Cang
- Department of Neurology and Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, MOE Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center and Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Boxun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Huashan Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Bi
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230088, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, MOE Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center and Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China; Interdisciplinary Center for Brain Information, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Ai-Hui Tang
- Department of Neurology and Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230088, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, MOE Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center and Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
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13
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Thomas CI, Ryan MA, Kamasawa N, Scholl B. Postsynaptic mitochondria are positioned to support functional diversity of dendritic spines. eLife 2023; 12:RP89682. [PMID: 38059805 PMCID: PMC10703439 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Postsynaptic mitochondria are critical for the development, plasticity, and maintenance of synaptic inputs. However, their relationship to synaptic structure and functional activity is unknown. We examined a correlative dataset from ferret visual cortex with in vivo two-photon calcium imaging of dendritic spines during visual stimulation and electron microscopy reconstructions of spine ultrastructure, investigating mitochondrial abundance near functionally and structurally characterized spines. Surprisingly, we found no correlation to structural measures of synaptic strength. Instead, we found that mitochondria are positioned near spines with orientation preferences that are dissimilar to the somatic preference. Additionally, we found that mitochondria are positioned near groups of spines with heterogeneous orientation preferences. For a subset of spines with a mitochondrion in the head or neck, synapses were larger and exhibited greater selectivity to visual stimuli than those without a mitochondrion. Our data suggest mitochondria are not necessarily positioned to support the energy needs of strong spines, but rather support the structurally and functionally diverse inputs innervating the basal dendrites of cortical neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connon I Thomas
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Max Planck WayJupiterUnited States
| | - Melissa A Ryan
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Max Planck WayJupiterUnited States
| | - Naomi Kamasawa
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Max Planck WayJupiterUnited States
| | - Benjamin Scholl
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
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14
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Wildenberg G, Li H, Sampathkumar V, Sorokina A, Kasthuri N. Isochronic development of cortical synapses in primates and mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8018. [PMID: 38049416 PMCID: PMC10695974 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43088-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The neotenous, or delayed, development of primate neurons, particularly human ones, is thought to underlie primate-specific abilities like cognition. We tested whether synaptic development follows suit-would synapses, in absolute time, develop slower in longer-lived, highly cognitive species like non-human primates than in shorter-lived species with less human-like cognitive abilities, e.g., the mouse? Instead, we find that excitatory and inhibitory synapses in the male Mus musculus (mouse) and Rhesus macaque (primate) cortex form at similar rates, at similar times after birth. Primate excitatory and inhibitory synapses and mouse excitatory synapses also prune in such an isochronic fashion. Mouse inhibitory synapses are the lone exception, which are not pruned and instead continuously added throughout life. The monotony of synaptic development clocks across species with disparate lifespans, experiences, and cognitive abilities argues that such programs are likely orchestrated by genetic events rather than experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregg Wildenberg
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA.
- Argonne National Laboratory, Biosciences Division, Lemont, USA.
| | - Hanyu Li
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
- Argonne National Laboratory, Biosciences Division, Lemont, USA
| | - Vandana Sampathkumar
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
- Argonne National Laboratory, Biosciences Division, Lemont, USA
| | - Anastasia Sorokina
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
- Argonne National Laboratory, Biosciences Division, Lemont, USA
| | - Narayanan Kasthuri
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA.
- Argonne National Laboratory, Biosciences Division, Lemont, USA.
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15
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Campbell RR, Lobo MK. Neurobiological mechanisms underlying psychostimulant use. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 83:102786. [PMID: 37776675 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Rates of individuals struggling with psychostimulant use disorder (PSUD), defined as chronic use of psychostimulants despite negative consequences, are growing rapidly over the last few decades. However, there are no current pharmacotherapeutics to aid individuals in maintaining drug abstinence. Identifying the underlying neurobiological mechanisms that promote persistent craving and taking of psychostimulants is critical to creating novel pharmacological treatments for PSUD. Psychostimulant use dysregulates processes within the brain that are responsible for decision-making, reward, and memory formation to drive future drug-seeking. Here, we describe novel findings and theories on how psychostimulants impact mechanisms related to transcription, mitochondrial function, and synaptic plasticity within the reward system to drive drug-seeking. We also highlight work examining how psychostimulants impact neural networks through rewiring circuitry to drive addiction-related behaviors. Overall, this review aims to feature the latest progress in understanding the biological basis of PSUD and promising mechanisms for PSUD pharmacotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rianne R Campbell
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. https://twitter.com/RianneThoughts
| | - Mary Kay Lobo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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16
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Hatsuda A, Kurisu J, Fujishima K, Kawaguchi A, Ohno N, Kengaku M. Calcium signals tune AMPK activity and mitochondrial homeostasis in dendrites of developing neurons. Development 2023; 150:dev201930. [PMID: 37823352 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic outgrowth in immature neurons is enhanced by neuronal activity and is considered one of the mechanisms of neural circuit optimization. It is known that calcium signals affect transcriptional regulation and cytoskeletal remodeling necessary for dendritic outgrowth. Here, we demonstrate that activity-dependent calcium signaling also controls mitochondrial homeostasis via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in growing dendrites of differentiating mouse hippocampal neurons. We found that the inhibition of neuronal activity induced dendritic hypotrophy with abnormally elongated mitochondria. In growing dendrites, AMPK is activated by neuronal activity and dynamically oscillates in synchrony with calcium spikes, and this AMPK oscillation was inhibited by CaMKK2 knockdown. AMPK activation led to phosphorylation of MFF and ULK1, which initiate mitochondrial fission and mitophagy, respectively. Dendritic mitochondria in AMPK-depleted neurons exhibited impaired fission and mitophagy and displayed multiple signs of dysfunction. Genetic inhibition of fission led to dendritic hypoplasia that was reminiscent of AMPK-deficient neurons. Thus, AMPK activity is finely tuned by the calcium-CaMKK2 pathway and regulates mitochondrial homeostasis by facilitating removal of damaged components of mitochondria in growing neurons during normal brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akane Hatsuda
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (KUIAS-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Junko Kurisu
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (KUIAS-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuto Fujishima
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (KUIAS-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ayano Kawaguchi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
- Department of Human Morphology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Ohno
- Department of Anatomy, Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan
- Division of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Mineko Kengaku
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (KUIAS-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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17
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Thomas CI, Ryan MA, Kamasawa N, Scholl B. Postsynaptic mitochondria are positioned to support functional diversity of dendritic spines. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.14.549063. [PMID: 37502969 PMCID: PMC10370038 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.14.549063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Postsynaptic mitochondria are critical to the development, plasticity, and maintenance of synaptic inputs. However, their relationship to synaptic structure and functional activity is unknown. We examined a correlative dataset from ferret visual cortex with in vivo two-photon calcium imaging of dendritic spines during visual stimulation and electron microscopy (EM) reconstructions of spine ultrastructure, investigating mitochondrial abundance near functionally- and structurally-characterized spines. Surprisingly, we found no correlation to structural measures of synaptic strength. Instead, we found that mitochondria are positioned near spines with orientation preferences that are dissimilar to the somatic preference. Additionally, we found that mitochondria are positioned near groups of spines with heterogeneous orientation preferences. For a subset of spines with mitochondrion in the head or neck, synapses were larger and exhibited greater selectivity to visual stimuli than those without a mitochondrion. Our data suggest mitochondria are not necessarily positioned to support the energy needs of strong spines, but rather support the structurally and functionally diverse inputs innervating the basal dendrites of cortical neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connon I. Thomas
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, 1 Max Planck Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Melissa A. Ryan
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, 1 Max Planck Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
- Present Address: Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Naomi Kamasawa
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, 1 Max Planck Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Benjamin Scholl
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 415 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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18
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Metzbower SR, Dharmasri PA, Levy AD, Anderson MC, Blanpied TA. Distinct SAP102 and PSD-95 nano-organization defines multiple types of synaptic scaffold protein domains at single synapses. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.12.557372. [PMID: 37745494 PMCID: PMC10515860 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.12.557372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The MAGUK family of scaffold proteins plays a central role in maintaining and modulating synaptic signaling, providing a framework to retain and position receptors, signaling molecules, and other synaptic components. Of these scaffold proteins, SAP102 and PSD-95 are essential for synaptic function at distinct developmental timepoints and perform overlapping as well as unique roles. While their similar structures allow for common binding partners, SAP102 is expressed earlier in synapse development and is required for synaptogenesis, whereas PSD-95 expression peaks later in development and is associated with synapse maturation. PSD-95 and other key synaptic proteins organize into subsynaptic nanodomains that have a significant impact on synaptic transmission, but the nanoscale organization of SAP102 is unknown. How SAP102 is organized within the synapse, and how it relates spatially to PSD-95 on a nanometer scale, could impact how SAP102 clusters synaptic proteins and underlie its ability to perform its unique functions. Here we used DNA-PAINT super-resolution microscopy to measure SAP102 nano-organization and its spatial relationship to PSD-95 at individual synapses. We found that like PSD-95, SAP102 accumulates in high-density subsynaptic nanoclusters. However, SAP102 nanoclusters were smaller and denser than PSD-95 nanoclusters across development. Additionally, only a subset of SAP102 nanoclusters co-organized with PSD-95, revealing that within individual synapses there are nanodomains that contain either one or both proteins. This organization into both shared and distinct subsynaptic nanodomains may underlie the ability of SAP102 and PSD-95 to perform both common and unique synaptic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R. Metzbower
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Poorna A. Dharmasri
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Aaron D. Levy
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Michael C. Anderson
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Thomas A. Blanpied
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
- University of Maryland Medicine Institute for Neuroscience Discovery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
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19
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Underwood EL, Redell JB, Hood KN, Maynard ME, Hylin M, Waxham MN, Zhao J, Moore AN, Dash PK. Enhanced presynaptic mitochondrial energy production is required for memory formation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14431. [PMID: 37660191 PMCID: PMC10475119 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40877-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Some of the prominent features of long-term memory formation include protein synthesis, gene expression, enhanced neurotransmitter release, increased excitability, and formation of new synapses. As these processes are critically dependent on mitochondrial function, we hypothesized that increased mitochondrial respiration and dynamics would play a prominent role in memory formation. To address this possibility, we measured mitochondrial oxygen consumption (OCR) in hippocampal tissue punches from trained and untrained animals. Our results show that context fear training significantly increased basal, ATP synthesis-linked, and maximal OCR in the Shaffer collateral-CA1 synaptic region, but not in the CA1 cell body layer. These changes were recapitulated in synaptosomes isolated from the hippocampi of fear-trained animals. As dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) plays an important role in mitochondrial fission, we examined its role in the increased mitochondrial respiration observed after fear training. Drp1 inhibitors decreased the training-associated enhancement of OCR and impaired contextual fear memory, but did not alter the number of synaptosomes containing mitochondria. Taken together, our results show context fear training increases presynaptic mitochondria respiration, and that Drp-1 mediated enhanced energy production in CA1 pre-synaptic terminals is necessary for context fear memory that does not result from an increase in the number of synaptosomes containing mitochondria or an increase in mitochondrial mass within the synaptic layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica L Underwood
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, P.O. Box 20708, Houston, TX, 77225, USA
| | - John B Redell
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, P.O. Box 20708, Houston, TX, 77225, USA.
| | - Kimberly N Hood
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, P.O. Box 20708, Houston, TX, 77225, USA
| | - Mark E Maynard
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, P.O. Box 20708, Houston, TX, 77225, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Hylin
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, P.O. Box 20708, Houston, TX, 77225, USA
- Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - M Neal Waxham
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, P.O. Box 20708, Houston, TX, 77225, USA
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, P.O. Box 20708, Houston, TX, 77225, USA
| | - Anthony N Moore
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, P.O. Box 20708, Houston, TX, 77225, USA
| | - Pramod K Dash
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, P.O. Box 20708, Houston, TX, 77225, USA
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20
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Leung A, Rangamani P. Computational modeling of AMPK and mTOR crosstalk in glutamatergic synapse calcium signaling. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2023; 9:34. [PMID: 37460570 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-023-00295-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal energy consumption is vital for information processing and memory formation in synapses. The brain consists of just 2% of the human body's mass, but consumes almost 20% of the body's energy budget. Most of this energy is attributed to active transport in ion signaling, with calcium being the canonical second messenger of synaptic transmission. Here, we develop a computational model of synaptic signaling resulting in the activation of two protein kinases critical in metabolic regulation and cell fate, AMP-Activated protein kinase (AMPK) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and investigate the effect of glutamate stimulus frequency on their dynamics. Our model predicts that frequencies of glutamate stimulus over 10 Hz perturb AMPK and mTOR oscillations at higher magnitudes by up to 36% and change the area under curve (AUC) by 5%. This dynamic difference in AMPK and mTOR activation trajectories potentially differentiates high frequency stimulus bursts from basal neuronal signaling leading to a downstream change in synaptic plasticity. Further, we also investigate the crosstalk between insulin receptor and calcium signaling on AMPK and mTOR activation and predict that the pathways demonstrate multistability dependent on strength of insulin signaling and metabolic consumption rate. Our predictions have implications for improving our understanding of neuronal metabolism, synaptic pruning, and synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Leung
- Chemical Engineering Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - P Rangamani
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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21
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Bhatti JS, Kaur S, Mishra J, Dibbanti H, Singh A, Reddy AP, Bhatti GK, Reddy PH. Targeting dynamin-related protein-1 as a potential therapeutic approach for mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166798. [PMID: 37392948 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that manifests its pathology through synaptic damage, mitochondrial abnormalities, microRNA deregulation, hormonal imbalance, increased astrocytes & microglia, accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) and phosphorylated Tau in the brains of AD patients. Despite extensive research, the effective treatment of AD is still unknown. Tau hyperphosphorylation and mitochondrial abnormalities are involved in the loss of synapses, defective axonal transport and cognitive decline in patients with AD. Mitochondrial dysfunction is evidenced by enhanced mitochondrial fragmentation, impaired mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial biogenesis and defective mitophagy in AD. Hence, targeting mitochondrial proteins might be a promising therapeutic strategy in treating AD. Recently, dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), a mitochondrial fission protein, has gained attention due to its interactions with Aβ and hyperphosphorylated Tau, altering mitochondrial morphology, dynamics, and bioenergetics. These interactions affect ATP production in mitochondria. A reduction in Drp1 GTPase activity protects against neurodegeneration in AD models. This article provides a comprehensive overview of Drp1's involvement in oxidative damage, apoptosis, mitophagy, and axonal transport of mitochondria. We also highlighted the interaction of Drp1 with Aβ and Tau, which may contribute to AD progression. In conclusion, targeting Drp1 could be a potential therapeutic approach for preventing AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
| | - Satinder Kaur
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Jayapriya Mishra
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | | | - Arti Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Arubala P Reddy
- Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, 1301 Akron Ave, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
| | - Gurjit Kaur Bhatti
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India.
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, 1301 Akron Ave, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
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22
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Duarte FV, Ciampi D, Duarte CB. Mitochondria as central hubs in synaptic modulation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:173. [PMID: 37266732 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04814-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are present in the pre- and post-synaptic regions, providing the energy required for the activity of these very specialized neuronal compartments. Biogenesis of synaptic mitochondria takes place in the cell body, and these organelles are then transported to the synapse by motor proteins that carry their cargo along microtubule tracks. The transport of mitochondria along neurites is a highly regulated process, being modulated by the pattern of neuronal activity and by extracellular cues that interact with surface receptors. These signals act by controlling the distribution of mitochondria and by regulating their activity. Therefore, mitochondria activity at the synapse allows the integration of different signals and the organelles are important players in the response to synaptic stimulation. Herein we review the available evidence regarding the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics by neuronal activity and by neuromodulators, and how these changes in the activity of mitochondria affect synaptic communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe V Duarte
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- III - Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniele Ciampi
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlos B Duarte
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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23
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Bonzano S, Dallorto E, Molineris I, Michelon F, Crisci I, Gambarotta G, Neri F, Oliviero S, Beckervordersandforth R, Lie DC, Peretto P, Bovetti S, Studer M, Marchis SD. NR2F1 shapes mitochondria in the mouse brain, providing new insights into Bosch-Boonstra-Schaaf optic atrophy syndrome. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm049854. [PMID: 37260288 PMCID: PMC10309583 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear receptor NR2F1 acts as a strong transcriptional regulator in embryonic and postnatal neural cells. In humans, mutations in the NR2F1 gene cause Bosch-Boonstra-Schaaf optic atrophy syndrome (BBSOAS), a rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by multiple clinical features including vision impairment, intellectual disability and autistic traits. In this study, we identified, by genome-wide and in silico analyses, a set of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes as potential genomic targets under direct NR2F1 transcriptional control in neurons. By combining mouse genetic, neuroanatomical and imaging approaches, we demonstrated that conditional NR2F1 loss of function within the adult mouse hippocampal neurogenic niche results in a reduced mitochondrial mass associated with mitochondrial fragmentation and downregulation of key mitochondrial proteins in newborn neurons, the genesis, survival and functional integration of which are impaired. Importantly, we also found dysregulation of several nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes and downregulation of key mitochondrial proteins in the brain of Nr2f1-heterozygous mice, a validated BBSOAS model. Our data point to an active role for NR2F1 in the mitochondrial gene expression regulatory network in neurons and support the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in BBSOAS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bonzano
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Turin 10123, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano 10043, Italy
| | - Eleonora Dallorto
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Turin 10123, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano 10043, Italy
| | - Ivan Molineris
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Turin 10123, Italy
- IIGM Foundation-Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Sp142 Km 3.95, Candiolo 10060, Italy
| | - Filippo Michelon
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Turin 10123, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano 10043, Italy
| | - Isabella Crisci
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Turin 10123, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano 10043, Italy
| | - Giovanna Gambarotta
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano 10043, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences (DSCB), Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano 10043, Italy
| | - Francesco Neri
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Turin 10123, Italy
- IIGM Foundation-Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Sp142 Km 3.95, Candiolo 10060, Italy
| | - Salvatore Oliviero
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Turin 10123, Italy
- IIGM Foundation-Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Sp142 Km 3.95, Candiolo 10060, Italy
| | - Ruth Beckervordersandforth
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Fahrstrasse 17, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Dieter Chichung Lie
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Fahrstrasse 17, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Paolo Peretto
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Turin 10123, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano 10043, Italy
| | - Serena Bovetti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Turin 10123, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano 10043, Italy
| | - Michèle Studer
- Institute de Biologie Valrose (iBV), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), CNRS 7277, Inserm 1091, Avenue Valrose 28, Nice 06108, France
| | - Silvia De Marchis
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Turin 10123, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano 10043, Italy
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24
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Virga DM, Hamilton S, Osei B, Morgan A, Zamponi E, Park NJ, Hewitt VL, Zhang D, Gonzalez KC, Bloss E, Polleux F, Lewis TL. Activity-dependent subcellular compartmentalization of dendritic mitochondria structure in CA1 pyramidal neurons. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.25.534233. [PMID: 36993655 PMCID: PMC10055421 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.25.534233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal mitochondria play important roles beyond ATP generation, including Ca2+ uptake, and therefore have instructive roles in synaptic function and neuronal response properties. Mitochondrial morphology differs significantly in the axon and dendrites of a given neuronal subtype, but in CA1 pyramidal neurons (PNs) of the hippocampus, mitochondria within the dendritic arbor also display a remarkable degree of subcellular, layer-specific compartmentalization. In the dendrites of these neurons, mitochondria morphology ranges from highly fused and elongated in the apical tuft, to more fragmented in the apical oblique and basal dendritic compartments, and thus occupy a smaller fraction of dendritic volume than in the apical tuft. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this striking degree of subcellular compartmentalization of mitochondria morphology are unknown, precluding the assessment of its impact on neuronal function. Here, we demonstrate that this compartment-specific morphology of dendritic mitochondria requires activity-dependent, Camkk2-dependent activation of AMPK and its ability to phosphorylate two direct effectors: the pro-fission Drp1 receptor Mff and the recently identified anti-fusion, Opa1-inhibiting protein, Mtfr1l. Our study uncovers a new activity-dependent molecular mechanism underlying the extreme subcellular compartmentalization of mitochondrial morphology in dendrites of neurons in vivo through spatially precise regulation of mitochondria fission/fusion balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M. Virga
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia Medical School, New York, NY- USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY- USA
| | - Stevie Hamilton
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia Medical School, New York, NY- USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY- USA
| | - Bertha Osei
- Aging & Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Abigail Morgan
- Aging & Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Neuroscience, Oklahoma University Health Science Campus, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Emiliano Zamponi
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia Medical School, New York, NY- USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY- USA
| | - Natalie J. Park
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia Medical School, New York, NY- USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY- USA
| | - Victoria L. Hewitt
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia Medical School, New York, NY- USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY- USA
| | - David Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia Medical School, New York, NY- USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY- USA
| | - Kevin C. Gonzalez
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia Medical School, New York, NY- USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY- USA
| | - Erik Bloss
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Franck Polleux
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia Medical School, New York, NY- USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY- USA
| | - Tommy L. Lewis
- Aging & Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Neuroscience, Oklahoma University Health Science Campus, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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25
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Bernier F, Kuhara T, Xiao J. Probiotic Bifidobacterium breve MCC1274 Protects against Oxidative Stress and Neuronal Lipid Droplet Formation via PLIN4 Gene Regulation. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030791. [PMID: 36985364 PMCID: PMC10052176 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of Bifidobacterium breve MCC1274 has been shown to improve memory and prevent brain atrophy in populations with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Preclinical in vivo studies using Alzheimer's disease (AD) models indicate that this probiotic protects against brain inflammation. There is growing evidence that lipid droplets are associated with brain inflammation, and lipid-associated proteins called perilipins could play an important role in neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia. In this study, we found that B. breve MCC1274 cell extracts significantly decreased the expression of perilipin 4 (PLIN4), which encodes a lipid droplet docking protein whose expression is known to be increased during inflammation in SH-SY5Y cells. Niacin, an MCC1274 cell extract component, increased PLIN4 expression by itself. Moreover, MCC1274 cell extracts and niacin blocked the PLIN4 induction caused by oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells, reduced lipid droplet formation, and prevented IL-6 cytokine production. These results offer a possible explanation for the effect of this strain on brain inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Bernier
- Next Generation Science Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry, Co., Ltd., Zama 252-8583, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kuhara
- Next Generation Science Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry, Co., Ltd., Zama 252-8583, Japan
| | - Jinzhong Xiao
- Next Generation Science Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry, Co., Ltd., Zama 252-8583, Japan
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26
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Spike timing-dependent plasticity and memory. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 80:102707. [PMID: 36924615 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) is a bidirectional form of synaptic plasticity discovered about 30 years ago and based on the relative timing of pre- and post-synaptic spiking activity with a millisecond precision. STDP is thought to be involved in the formation of memory but the millisecond-precision spike-timing required for STDP is difficult to reconcile with the much slower timescales of behavioral learning. This review therefore aims to expose and discuss recent findings about i) the multiple STDP learning rules at both excitatory and inhibitory synapses in vitro, ii) the contribution of STDP-like synaptic plasticity in the formation of memory in vivo and iii) the implementation of STDP rules in artificial neural networks and memristive devices.
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27
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Pannoni K, Gil D, Cawley M, Alsalman M, Campbell L, Farris S. Layer-specific mitochondrial diversity across hippocampal CA2 dendrites. Hippocampus 2023; 33:182-196. [PMID: 36762797 PMCID: PMC9974919 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
CA2 is an understudied subregion of the hippocampus that is critical for social memory. Previous studies identified multiple components of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) complex as selectively enriched in CA2. The MCU complex regulates calcium entry into mitochondria, which in turn regulates mitochondrial transport and localization to active synapses. We found that MCU is strikingly enriched in CA2 distal apical dendrites, precisely where CA2 neurons receive entorhinal cortical input carrying social information. Furthermore, MCU-enriched mitochondria in CA2 distal dendrites are larger compared to mitochondria in CA2 proximal apical dendrites and neighboring CA1 apical dendrites, which was confirmed in CA2 with genetically labeled mitochondria and electron microscopy. MCU overexpression in neighboring CA1 led to a preferential localization of MCU in the proximal dendrites of CA1 compared to the distal dendrites, an effect not seen in CA2. Our findings demonstrate that mitochondria are molecularly and structurally diverse across hippocampal cell types and circuits, and suggest that MCU can be differentially localized within dendrites, possibly to meet local energy demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy Pannoni
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Center for Neurobiology Research, Roanoke, Virginia
| | - Daniela Gil
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Center for Neurobiology Research, Roanoke, Virginia
| | - Mikel Cawley
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Center for Neurobiology Research, Roanoke, Virginia
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Mayd Alsalman
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Center for Neurobiology Research, Roanoke, Virginia
| | - Logan Campbell
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Center for Neurobiology Research, Roanoke, Virginia
| | - Shannon Farris
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Center for Neurobiology Research, Roanoke, Virginia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, Virginia
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28
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Wildenberg G, Li H, Kasthuri N. The Development of Synapses in Mouse and Macaque Primary Sensory Cortices. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.15.528564. [PMID: 36824798 PMCID: PMC9949058 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.15.528564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
We report that the rate of synapse development in primary sensory cortices of mice and macaques is unrelated to lifespan, as was previously thought. We analyzed 28,084 synapses over multiple developmental time points in both species and find, instead, that net excitatory synapse development of mouse and macaque neurons primarily increased at similar rates in the first few postnatal months, and then decreased over a span of 1-1.5 years of age. The development of inhibitory synapses differed qualitatively across species. In macaques, net inhibitory synapses first increase and then decrease on excitatory soma at similar ages as excitatory synapses. In mice, however, such synapses are added throughout life. These findings contradict the long-held belief that the cycle of synapse formation and pruning occurs earlier in shorter-lived animals. Instead, our results suggest more nuanced rules, with the development of different types of synapses following different timing rules or different trajectories across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregg Wildenberg
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago
- Argonne National Laboratory, Biosciences Division
| | - Hanyu Li
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago
- Argonne National Laboratory, Biosciences Division
| | - Narayanan Kasthuri
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago
- Argonne National Laboratory, Biosciences Division
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29
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Lyu Q, Zhou X, Shi LQ, Chen HY, Lu M, Ma XD, Ren L. Exosomes may be the carrier of acupuncture treatment for major depressive disorder. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1107265. [PMID: 36873772 PMCID: PMC9978012 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1107265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of major depressive disorder (MDD) is increasing all over the world. There is a great need for complementary or alternative therapies with high safety, few side effects, and precise efficacy to care for MDD. In China, acupuncture has significant laboratory data and clinical trials to demonstrate its antidepressant efficacy. However, there is no clear answer as to how it works. Exosomes are membranous vesicles that rely on cellular multivesicular bodies (MVBs) fused to the cell membrane for release into the extracellular matrix. Almost all cell types are capable of producing and releasing exosomes. As a result, exosomes contain complex RNAs and proteins from their relatives (Cells that secretes exosomes). They can cross biological barriers and participate in biological activities, such as cell migration, angiogenesis, and immune regulation. These properties have made them a popular research topic. Some experts have suggested that exosomes may serve as delivery vehicles for acupuncture to work. This presents both an opportunity and a new challenge for improving the protocols of acupuncture as a treatment for MDD. To better define the relationship between MDD, exosomes, and acupuncture, we reviewed the literature from the last few years. Inclusion criteria included randomized controlled trials and basic trials evaluating acupuncture in the treatment or prevention of MDD, the role of exosomes in the development and progression of MDD, and the role of exosomes in acupuncture. We believe that acupuncture may affect the distribution of exosomes in vivo, and exosomes may be a new carrier for acupuncture treatment of MDD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Lyu
- Graduate School, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Liu-Qing Shi
- Graduate School, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Hai-Yang Chen
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Mei Lu
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Xian-De Ma
- Teaching and Experiment Center, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Lu Ren
- Graduate School, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
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30
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Petridi S, Dubal D, Rikhy R, van den Ameele J. Mitochondrial respiration and dynamics of in vivo neural stem cells. Development 2022; 149:285126. [PMID: 36445292 PMCID: PMC10112913 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) in the developing and adult brain undergo many different transitions, tightly regulated by extrinsic and intrinsic factors. While the role of signalling pathways and transcription factors is well established, recent evidence has also highlighted mitochondria as central players in NSC behaviour and fate decisions. Many aspects of cellular metabolism and mitochondrial biology change during NSC transitions, interact with signalling pathways and affect the activity of chromatin-modifying enzymes. In this Spotlight, we explore recent in vivo findings, primarily from Drosophila and mammalian model systems, about the role that mitochondrial respiration and morphology play in NSC development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavroula Petridi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Dnyanesh Dubal
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.,Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Richa Rikhy
- Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Jelle van den Ameele
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
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31
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Murtaza N, Cheng AA, Brown CO, Meka DP, Hong S, Uy JA, El-Hajjar J, Pipko N, Unda BK, Schwanke B, Xing S, Thiruvahindrapuram B, Engchuan W, Trost B, Deneault E, Calderon de Anda F, Doble BW, Ellis J, Anagnostou E, Bader GD, Scherer SW, Lu Y, Singh KK. Neuron-specific protein network mapping of autism risk genes identifies shared biological mechanisms and disease-relevant pathologies. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111678. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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32
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Hees JT, Harbauer AB. Metabolic Regulation of Mitochondrial Protein Biogenesis from a Neuronal Perspective. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1595. [PMID: 36358945 PMCID: PMC9687362 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons critically depend on mitochondria for ATP production and Ca2+ buffering. They are highly compartmentalized cells and therefore a finely tuned mitochondrial network constantly adapting to the local requirements is necessary. For neuronal maintenance, old or damaged mitochondria need to be degraded, while the functional mitochondrial pool needs to be replenished with freshly synthesized components. Mitochondrial biogenesis is known to be primarily regulated via the PGC-1α-NRF1/2-TFAM pathway at the transcriptional level. However, while transcriptional regulation of mitochondrial genes can change the global mitochondrial content in neurons, it does not explain how a morphologically complex cell such as a neuron adapts to local differences in mitochondrial demand. In this review, we discuss regulatory mechanisms controlling mitochondrial biogenesis thereby making a case for differential regulation at the transcriptional and translational level. In neurons, additional regulation can occur due to the axonal localization of mRNAs encoding mitochondrial proteins. Hitchhiking of mRNAs on organelles including mitochondria as well as contact site formation between mitochondria and endolysosomes are required for local mitochondrial biogenesis in axons linking defects in any of these organelles to the mitochondrial dysfunction seen in various neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jara Tabitha Hees
- TUM Medical Graduate Center, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, in Foundation, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Angelika Bettina Harbauer
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, in Foundation, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, 81377 Munich, Germany
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33
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Saito ER, Warren CE, Hanegan CM, Larsen JG, du Randt JD, Cannon M, Saito JY, Campbell RJ, Kemberling CM, Miller GS, Edwards JG, Bikman BT. A Novel Ketone-Supplemented Diet Improves Recognition Memory and Hippocampal Mitochondrial Efficiency in Healthy Adult Mice. Metabolites 2022; 12:1019. [PMID: 36355101 PMCID: PMC9693360 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and cognitive impairment are common symptoms in many neurologic and psychiatric disorders, as well as nonpathological aging. Ketones have been suggested as therapeutic for their efficacy in epilepsy and other brain pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease and major depressive disorder. However, their effects on cognitive function in healthy individuals is less established. Here, we explored the mitochondrial and performative outcomes of a novel eight-week ketone-supplemented ketogenic (KETO) diet in healthy adult male and female mice. In a novel object recognition test, KETO mice spent more time with the novel, compared to familiar, object, indicating an improvement in recognition memory. High-resolution respirometry on permeabilized hippocampal tissue returned significant reductions in mitochondrial O2 consumption. No changes in ATP production were observed, yielding a significantly higher ATP:O2 ratio, a measure of mitochondrial efficiency. Together, these findings demonstrate the KETO diet improves hippocampal mitochondrial efficiency. They add to a growing body of evidence that suggests ketones and ketogenic diets are neuroprotective and metabolically and cognitively relevant, even in healthy adults. They also suggest that ketogenic lifestyle changes may be effective strategies for protecting against cognitive decline associated with aging and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Benjamin T. Bikman
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
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Groten CJ, MacVicar BA. Mitochondrial Ca 2+ uptake by the MCU facilitates pyramidal neuron excitability and metabolism during action potential firing. Commun Biol 2022; 5:900. [PMID: 36056095 PMCID: PMC9440007 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03848-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal activation is fundamental to information processing by the brain and requires mitochondrial energy metabolism. Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake by the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) has long been implicated in the control of energy metabolism and intracellular Ca2+ signalling, but its importance to neuronal function in the brain remains unclear. Here, we used in situ electrophysiology and two-photon imaging of mitochondrial Ca2+, cytosolic Ca2+, and NAD(P)H to test the relevance of MCU activation to pyramidal neuron Ca2+ signalling and energy metabolism during action potential firing. We demonstrate that mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake by the MCU is tuned to enhanced firing rate and the strength of this relationship varied between neurons of discrete brain regions. MCU activation promoted electron transport chain activity and chemical reduction of NAD+ to NADH. Moreover, Ca2+ buffering by mitochondria attenuated cytosolic Ca2+ signals and thereby reduced the coupling between activity and the slow afterhyperpolarization, a ubiquitous regulator of excitability. Collectively, we demonstrate that the MCU is engaged by accelerated spike frequency to facilitate neuronal activity through simultaneous control of energy metabolism and excitability. As such, the MCU is situated to promote brain functions associated with high frequency signalling and may represent a target for controlling excessive neuronal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Groten
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Brian A MacVicar
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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35
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Costa RO, Martins LF, Tahiri E, Duarte CB. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor-induced regulation of RNA metabolism in neuronal development and synaptic plasticity. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2022; 13:e1713. [PMID: 35075821 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays multiple roles in the nervous system, including in neuronal development, in long-term synaptic potentiation in different brain regions, and in neuronal survival. Alterations in these regulatory mechanisms account for several diseases of the nervous system. The synaptic effects of BDNF mediated by activation of tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) receptors are partly mediated by stimulation of local protein synthesis which is now considered a ubiquitous feature in both presynaptic and postsynaptic compartments of the neuron. The capacity to locally synthesize proteins is of great relevance at several neuronal developmental stages, including during neurite development, synapse formation, and stabilization. The available evidence shows that the effects of BDNF-TrkB signaling on local protein synthesis regulate the structure and function of the developing and mature synapses. While a large number of studies have illustrated a wide range of effects of BDNF on the postsynaptic proteome, a growing number of studies also point to presynaptic effects of the neurotrophin in the local regulation of the protein composition at the presynaptic level. Here, we will review the latest evidence on the role of BDNF in local protein synthesis, comparing the effects on the presynaptic and postsynaptic compartments. Additionally, we overview the relevance of BDNF-associated local protein synthesis in neuronal development and synaptic plasticity, at the presynaptic and postsynaptic compartments, and their relevance in terms of disease. This article is categorized under: RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Interactions: Functional Implications RNA Export and Localization > RNA Localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui O Costa
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís F Martins
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuel Tahiri
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos B Duarte
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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IGF-1 receptor regulates upward firing rate homeostasis via the mitochondrial calcium uniporter. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2121040119. [PMID: 35943986 PMCID: PMC9388073 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2121040119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An emerging hypothesis is that neuronal circuits homeostatically maintain a stable spike rate despite continuous environmental changes. This firing rate homeostasis is believed to confer resilience to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. We show that insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) is necessary for homeostatic response of mean firing rate to inactivity, termed “upward firing rate homeostasis.” We show that its mechanism of action is to couple spike bursts with downstream mitochondrial Ca2+ influx via the mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex (MCUc). We propose that MCUc is a homeostatic Ca2+ sensor that triggers the integrated homeostatic response. Firing rate homeostasis may be the principal mechanism by which IGF-1R regulates aging and neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Regulation of firing rate homeostasis constitutes a fundamental property of central neural circuits. While intracellular Ca2+ has long been hypothesized to be a feedback control signal, the molecular machinery enabling a network-wide homeostatic response remains largely unknown. We show that deletion of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) limits firing rate homeostasis in response to inactivity, without altering the distribution of baseline firing rates. The deficient firing rate homeostatic response was due to disruption of both postsynaptic and intrinsic plasticity. At the cellular level, we detected a fraction of IGF-1Rs in mitochondria, colocalized with the mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex (MCUc). IGF-1R deletion suppressed transcription of the MCUc members and burst-evoked mitochondrial Ca2+ (mitoCa2+) by weakening mitochondria-to-cytosol Ca2+ coupling. Overexpression of either mitochondria-targeted IGF-1R or MCUc in IGF-1R–deficient neurons was sufficient to rescue the deficits in burst-to-mitoCa2+ coupling and firing rate homeostasis. Our findings indicate that mitochondrial IGF-1R is a key regulator of the integrated homeostatic response by tuning the reliability of burst transfer by MCUc. Based on these results, we propose that MCUc acts as a homeostatic Ca2+ sensor. Faulty activation of MCUc may drive dysregulation of firing rate homeostasis in aging and in brain disorders associated with aberrant IGF-1R/MCUc signaling.
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Pekkurnaz G, Wang X. Mitochondrial heterogeneity and homeostasis through the lens of a neuron. Nat Metab 2022; 4:802-812. [PMID: 35817853 PMCID: PMC11151822 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00594-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are vital organelles with distinct morphological features and functional properties. The dynamic network of mitochondria undergoes structural and functional adaptations in response to cell-type-specific metabolic demands. Even within the same cell, mitochondria can display wide diversity and separate into functionally distinct subpopulations. Mitochondrial heterogeneity supports unique subcellular functions and is crucial to polarized cells, such as neurons. The spatiotemporal metabolic burden within the complex shape of a neuron requires precisely localized mitochondria. By travelling great lengths throughout neurons and experiencing bouts of immobility, mitochondria meet distant local fuel demands. Understanding mitochondrial heterogeneity and homeostasis mechanisms in neurons provides a framework to probe their significance to many other cell types. Here, we put forth an outline of the multifaceted role of mitochondria in regulating neuronal physiology and cellular functions more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulcin Pekkurnaz
- Neurobiology Department, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Xinnan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Maternal & Child Health Research Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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38
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Harbauer AB, Schneider A, Wohlleber D. Analysis of Mitochondria by Single-Organelle Resolution. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2022; 15:1-16. [PMID: 35303775 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061020-111722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cellular organelles are highly specialized compartments with distinct functions. With the increasing resolution of detection methods, it is becoming clearer that same organelles may have different functions or properties not only within different cell populations of a tissue but also within the same cell. Dysfunction or altered function affects the organelle itself and may also lead to malignancies or undesirable cell death. To understand cellular function or dysfunction, it is therefore necessary to analyze cellular components at the single-organelle level. Here, we review the recent advances in analyzing cellular function at single-organelle resolution using high-parameter flow cytometry or multicolor confocal microscopy. We focus on the analysis of mitochondria, as they are organelles at the crossroads of various cellular signaling pathways and functions. However, most of the applied methods/technologies are transferable to any other organelle, such as the endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, or peroxisomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika B Harbauer
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany;
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany
| | - Annika Schneider
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; ,
| | - Dirk Wohlleber
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; ,
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39
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Neurodegeneration in Multiple Sclerosis: The Role of Nrf2-Dependent Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061146. [PMID: 35740042 PMCID: PMC9219619 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) encompasses a chronic, irreversible, and predominantly immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system that leads to axonal degeneration, neuronal death, and several neurological symptoms. Although various immune therapies have reduced relapse rates and the severity of symptoms in relapsing-remitting MS, there is still no cure for this devastating disease. In this brief review, we discuss the role of mitochondria dysfunction in the progression of MS, focused on the possible role of Nrf2 signaling in orchestrating the impairment of critical cellular and molecular aspects such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) management, under neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in MS. In this scenario, we propose a new potential downstream signaling of Nrf2 pathway, namely the opening of hemichannels and pannexons. These large-pore channels are known to modulate glial/neuronal function and ROS production as they are permeable to extracellular Ca2+ and release potentially harmful transmitters to the synaptic cleft. In this way, the Nrf2 dysfunction impairs not only the bioenergetics and metabolic properties of glial cells but also the proper antioxidant defense and energy supply that they provide to neurons.
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40
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PINK1-mediated Drp1 S616 phosphorylation modulates synaptic development and plasticity via promoting mitochondrial fission. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:103. [PMID: 35422062 PMCID: PMC9010405 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00933-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic change of mitochondrial morphology and distribution along neuronal branches are essential for neural circuitry formation and synaptic efficacy. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. We show here that Pink1 knockout (KO) mice display defective dendritic spine maturation, reduced axonal synaptic vesicles, abnormal synaptic connection, and attenuated long-term synaptic potentiation (LTP). Drp1 activation via S616 phosphorylation rescues deficits of spine maturation in Pink1 KO neurons. Notably, mice harboring a knockin (KI) phosphor-null Drp1S616A recapitulate spine immaturity and synaptic abnormality identified in Pink1 KO mice. Chemical LTP (cLTP) induces Drp1S616 phosphorylation in a PINK1-dependent manner. Moreover, phosphor-mimetic Drp1S616D restores reduced dendritic spine localization of mitochondria in Pink1 KO neurons. Together, this study provides the first in vivo evidence of functional regulation of Drp1 by phosphorylation and suggests that PINK1-Drp1S616 phosphorylation coupling is essential for convergence between mitochondrial dynamics and neural circuitry formation and refinement.
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41
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Turner NL, Macrina T, Bae JA, Yang R, Wilson AM, Schneider-Mizell C, Lee K, Lu R, Wu J, Bodor AL, Bleckert AA, Brittain D, Froudarakis E, Dorkenwald S, Collman F, Kemnitz N, Ih D, Silversmith WM, Zung J, Zlateski A, Tartavull I, Yu SC, Popovych S, Mu S, Wong W, Jordan CS, Castro M, Buchanan J, Bumbarger DJ, Takeno M, Torres R, Mahalingam G, Elabbady L, Li Y, Cobos E, Zhou P, Suckow S, Becker L, Paninski L, Polleux F, Reimer J, Tolias AS, Reid RC, da Costa NM, Seung HS. Reconstruction of neocortex: Organelles, compartments, cells, circuits, and activity. Cell 2022; 185:1082-1100.e24. [PMID: 35216674 PMCID: PMC9337909 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We assembled a semi-automated reconstruction of L2/3 mouse primary visual cortex from ∼250 × 140 × 90 μm3 of electron microscopic images, including pyramidal and non-pyramidal neurons, astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes and precursors, pericytes, vasculature, nuclei, mitochondria, and synapses. Visual responses of a subset of pyramidal cells are included. The data are publicly available, along with tools for programmatic and three-dimensional interactive access. Brief vignettes illustrate the breadth of potential applications relating structure to function in cortical circuits and neuronal cell biology. Mitochondria and synapse organization are characterized as a function of path length from the soma. Pyramidal connectivity motif frequencies are predicted accurately using a configuration model of random graphs. Pyramidal cells receiving more connections from nearby cells exhibit stronger and more reliable visual responses. Sample code shows data access and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas L Turner
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Computer Science Department, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Thomas Macrina
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Computer Science Department, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - J Alexander Bae
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Runzhe Yang
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Computer Science Department, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Alyssa M Wilson
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | | | - Kisuk Lee
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Brain & Cognitive Sciences Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ran Lu
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Jingpeng Wu
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Agnes L Bodor
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | | | - Emmanouil Froudarakis
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sven Dorkenwald
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Computer Science Department, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | | | - Nico Kemnitz
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Dodam Ih
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | | | - Jonathan Zung
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Computer Science Department, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Aleksandar Zlateski
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ignacio Tartavull
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Szi-Chieh Yu
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Sergiy Popovych
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Computer Science Department, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Shang Mu
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - William Wong
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Chris S Jordan
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Manuel Castro
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - JoAnn Buchanan
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Marc Takeno
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Russel Torres
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Leila Elabbady
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Yang Li
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Erick Cobos
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pengcheng Zhou
- Department of Statistics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Grossman Center for the Statistics of Mind, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Shelby Suckow
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lynne Becker
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Liam Paninski
- Department of Statistics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Grossman Center for the Statistics of Mind, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science at Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Franck Polleux
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science at Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Jacob Reimer
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Andreas S Tolias
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - R Clay Reid
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - H Sebastian Seung
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Computer Science Department, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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42
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Yu Q, Song S, Ma C, Pan L, Tan KC. Synaptic Learning With Augmented Spikes. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS AND LEARNING SYSTEMS 2022; 33:1134-1146. [PMID: 33471768 DOI: 10.1109/tnnls.2020.3040969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Traditional neuron models use analog values for information representation and computation, while all-or-nothing spikes are employed in the spiking ones. With a more brain-like processing paradigm, spiking neurons are more promising for improvements in efficiency and computational capability. They extend the computation of traditional neurons with an additional dimension of time carried by all-or-nothing spikes. Could one benefit from both the accuracy of analog values and the time-processing capability of spikes? In this article, we introduce a concept of augmented spikes to carry complementary information with spike coefficients in addition to spike latencies. New augmented spiking neuron model and synaptic learning rules are proposed to process and learn patterns of augmented spikes. We provide systematic insights into the properties and characteristics of our methods, including classification of augmented spike patterns, learning capacity, construction of causality, feature detection, robustness, and applicability to practical tasks, such as acoustic and visual pattern recognition. Our augmented approaches show several advanced learning properties and reliably outperform the baseline ones that use typical all-or-nothing spikes. Our approaches significantly improve the accuracies of a temporal-based approach on sound and MNIST recognition tasks to 99.38% and 97.90%, respectively, highlighting the effectiveness and potential merits of our methods. More importantly, our augmented approaches are versatile and can be easily generalized to other spike-based systems, contributing to a potential development for them, including neuromorphic computing.
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43
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Stoler O, Stavsky A, Khrapunsky Y, Melamed I, Stutzmann GE, Gitler D, Sekler I, Fleidervish I. Frequency- and spike-timing-dependent mitochondrial Ca 2+ signaling regulates the metabolic rate and synaptic efficacy in cortical. eLife 2022; 11:74606. [PMID: 35192454 PMCID: PMC8906805 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial activity is crucial for the plasticity of central synapses, but how the firing pattern of pre- and postsynaptic neurons affects the mitochondria remains elusive. We recorded changes in the fluorescence of cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ indicators in cell bodies, axons, and dendrites of cortical pyramidal neurons in mouse brain slices while evoking pre- and postsynaptic spikes. Postsynaptic spike firing elicited fast mitochondrial Ca2+ responses that were about threefold larger in the somas and apical dendrites than in basal dendrites and axons. The amplitude of these responses and metabolic activity were extremely sensitive to the firing frequency. Furthermore, while an EPSP alone caused no detectable Ca2+ elevation in the dendritic mitochondria, the coincidence of EPSP with a backpropagating spike produced prominent, highly localized mitochondrial Ca2+ hotspots. Our results indicate that mitochondria decode the spike firing frequency and the Hebbian temporal coincidences into the Ca2+ signals, which are further translated into the metabolic output and most probably lead to long-term changes in synaptic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohad Stoler
- Depatrment of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Alexandra Stavsky
- Depatrment of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Yana Khrapunsky
- Depatrment of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Israel Melamed
- Depatrment of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Grace E Stutzmann
- Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, United States
| | - Daniel Gitler
- Depatrment of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Israel Sekler
- Depatrment of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ilya Fleidervish
- Depatrment of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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44
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Postsynaptic autism spectrum disorder genes and synaptic dysfunction. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 162:105564. [PMID: 34838666 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This review provides an overview of the synaptic dysfunction of neuronal circuits and the ensuing behavioral alterations caused by mutations in autism spectrum disorder (ASD)-linked genes directly or indirectly affecting the postsynaptic neuronal compartment. There are plenty of ASD risk genes, that may be broadly grouped into those involved in gene expression regulation (epigenetic regulation and transcription) and genes regulating synaptic activity (neural communication and neurotransmission). Notably, the effects mediated by ASD-associated genes can vary extensively depending on the developmental time and/or subcellular site of expression. Therefore, in order to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms of disruptions in postsynaptic function, an effort to better model ASD in experimental animals is required to improve standardization and increase reproducibility within and among studies. Such an effort holds promise to provide deeper insight into the development of these disorders and to improve the translational value of preclinical studies.
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45
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Calarco CA, Fox ME, Van Terheyden S, Turner MD, Alipio JB, Chandra R, Lobo MK. Mitochondria-Related Nuclear Gene Expression in the Nucleus Accumbens and Blood Mitochondrial Copy Number After Developmental Fentanyl Exposure in Adolescent Male and Female C57BL/6 Mice. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:737389. [PMID: 34867530 PMCID: PMC8637046 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.737389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The potency of the synthetic opioid fentanyl and its increased clinical availability has led to the rapid escalation of use in the general population, increased recreational exposure, and subsequently opioid-related overdoses. The wide-spread use of fentanyl has, consequently, increased the incidence of in utero exposure to the drug, but the long-term effects of this type of developmental exposure are not yet understood. Opioid use has also been linked to reduced mitochondrial copy number in blood in clinical populations, but the link between this peripheral biomarker and genetic or functional changes in reward-related brain circuitry is still unclear. Additionally, mitochondrial-related gene expression in reward-related brain regions has not been examined in the context of fentanyl exposure, despite the growing literature demonstrating drugs of abuse impact mitochondrial function, which subsequently impacts neuronal signaling. The current study uses exposure to fentanyl via dam access to fentanyl drinking water during gestation and lactation as a model for developmental drug exposure. This perinatal drug-exposure is sufficient to impact mitochondrial copy number in circulating blood leukocytes, as well as mitochondrial-related gene expression in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a reward-related brain structure, in a sex-dependent manner in adolescent offspring. Specific NAc gene expression is correlated with both blood mitochondrial copy number and with anxiety related behaviors dependent on developmental exposure to fentanyl and sex. These data indicate that developmental fentanyl exposure impacts mitochondrial function in both the brain and body in ways that can impact neuronal signaling and may prime the brain for altered reward-related behavior in adolescence and later into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mary Kay Lobo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Torres AK, Jara C, Park-Kang HS, Polanco CM, Tapia D, Alarcón F, de la Peña A, Llanquinao J, Vargas-Mardones G, Indo JA, Inestrosa NC, Tapia-Rojas C. Synaptic Mitochondria: An Early Target of Amyloid-β and Tau in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:1391-1414. [PMID: 34719499 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by cognitive impairment and the presence of neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques in the brain. Neurofibrillary tangles are composed of hyperphosphorylated tau, while senile plaques are formed by amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide. The amyloid hypothesis proposes that Aβ accumulation is primarily responsible for the neurotoxicity in AD. Multiple Aβ-mediated toxicity mechanisms have been proposed including mitochondrial dysfunction. However, it is unclear if it precedes Aβ accumulation or if is a consequence of it. Aβ promotes mitochondrial failure. However, amyloid β precursor protein (AβPP) could be cleaved in the mitochondria producing Aβ peptide. Mitochondrial-produced Aβ could interact with newly formed ones or with Aβ that enter the mitochondria, which may induce its oligomerization and contribute to further mitochondrial alterations, resulting in a vicious cycle. Another explanation for AD is the tau hypothesis, in which modified tau trigger toxic effects in neurons. Tau induces mitochondrial dysfunction by indirect and apparently by direct mechanisms. In neurons mitochondria are classified as non-synaptic or synaptic according to their localization, where synaptic mitochondrial function is fundamental supporting neurotransmission and hippocampal memory formation. Here, we focus on synaptic mitochondria as a primary target for Aβ toxicity and/or formation, generating toxicity at the synapse and contributing to synaptic and memory impairment in AD. We also hypothesize that phospho-tau accumulates in mitochondria and triggers dysfunction. Finally, we discuss that synaptic mitochondrial dysfunction occur in aging and correlates with age-related memory loss. Therefore, synaptic mitochondrial dysfunction could be a predisposing factor for AD or an early marker of its onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie K Torres
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Aging, Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebasti´n Sede Los Leones, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Jara
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Aging, Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebasti´n Sede Los Leones, Santiago, Chile
| | - Han S Park-Kang
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Aging, Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebasti´n Sede Los Leones, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catalina M Polanco
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Aging, Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebasti´n Sede Los Leones, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Tapia
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Aging, Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebasti´n Sede Los Leones, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabián Alarcón
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Aging, Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebasti´n Sede Los Leones, Santiago, Chile
| | - Adely de la Peña
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Aging, Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebasti´n Sede Los Leones, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jesus Llanquinao
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Aging, Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebasti´n Sede Los Leones, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriela Vargas-Mardones
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Aging, Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebasti´n Sede Los Leones, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javiera A Indo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Aging, Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebasti´n Sede Los Leones, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nibaldo C Inestrosa
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Cheril Tapia-Rojas
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Aging, Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebasti´n Sede Los Leones, Santiago, Chile
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Dual imaging of dendritic spines and mitochondria in vivo reveals hotspots of plasticity and metabolic adaptation to stress. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 15:100402. [PMID: 34611532 PMCID: PMC8477201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic adaptation is a critical feature of synaptic plasticity. Indeed, synaptic plasticity requires the utilization and resupply of metabolites, in particular when the turnover is high and fast such as in stress conditions. What accounts for the localized energy burden of the post-synaptic compartment to the build up of chronic stress is currently not understood. We used in vivo microscopy of genetically encoded fluorescent probes to track changes of mitochondria, dendritic spines, ATP and H2O2 levels in pyramidal neurons of cortex before and after chronic unpredictable mild stress. Data revealed hotspots of postsynaptic mitochondria and dendritic spine turnover. Pharmacogenetic approach to force expression of the metabolic stress gene NR4A1 caused the fragmentation of postsynaptic mitochondria and loss of proximal dendritic spine clusters, whereas a dominant-negative mutant counteracted the effect of chronic stress. When fragmented, dendritic mitochondria produced lesser ATP at resting state and more on acute demand. This corresponded with significant production of mitochondrial H2O2 oxidative species in the dendritic compartment. Together, data indicate that pyramidal neurons adjust proximal dendritic spine turnover and mitochondria functions in keeping with synaptic demands. Addition of dendritic spine clusters match with more proximal mitochondria coverage. Loss of dendritic spine clusters match with less proximal mitochondria coverage. Dendrites alter spine dynamics, ATP and H202 production in keeping with excitation. In excess, the transcription factor NR4A1 promotes cross-clustering losses. Blocking NR4A1 prevents net cross-clustering losses mediated by chronic stress.
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Silva CA, Yalnizyan-Carson A, Fernández Busch MV, van Zwieten M, Verhage M, Lohmann C. Activity-dependent regulation of mitochondrial motility in developing cortical dendrites. eLife 2021; 10:62091. [PMID: 34491202 PMCID: PMC8423438 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing neurons form synapses at a high rate. Synaptic transmission is very energy-demanding and likely requires ATP production by mitochondria nearby. Mitochondria might be targeted to active synapses in young dendrites, but whether such motility regulation mechanisms exist is unclear. We investigated the relationship between mitochondrial motility and neuronal activity in the primary visual cortex of young mice in vivo and in slice cultures. During the first 2 postnatal weeks, mitochondrial motility decreases while the frequency of neuronal activity increases. Global calcium transients do not affect mitochondrial motility. However, individual synaptic transmission events precede local mitochondrial arrest. Pharmacological stimulation of synaptic vesicle release, but not focal glutamate application alone, stops mitochondria, suggesting that an unidentified factor co-released with glutamate is required for mitochondrial arrest. A computational model of synaptic transmission-mediated mitochondrial arrest shows that the developmental increase in synapse number and transmission frequency can contribute substantially to the age-dependent decrease of mitochondrial motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia Ap Silva
- Department of Synapse and Network Development, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - M Victoria Fernández Busch
- Department of Synapse and Network Development, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mike van Zwieten
- Department of Synapse and Network Development, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Verhage
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Christian Lohmann
- Department of Synapse and Network Development, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Murali Mahadevan H, Hashemiaghdam A, Ashrafi G, Harbauer AB. Mitochondria in Neuronal Health: From Energy Metabolism to Parkinson's Disease. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 5:e2100663. [PMID: 34382382 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202100663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the main suppliers of neuronal adenosine triphosphate and play a critical role in brain energy metabolism. Mitochondria also serve as Ca2+ sinks and anabolic factories and are therefore essential for neuronal function and survival. Dysregulation of neuronal bioenergetics is increasingly implicated in neurodegenerative disorders, particularly Parkinson's disease. This review describes the role of mitochondria in energy metabolism under resting conditions and during synaptic transmission, and presents evidence for the contribution of neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction to Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arsalan Hashemiaghdam
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ghazaleh Ashrafi
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Angelika Bettina Harbauer
- Max-Planck-Institute for Neurobiology, 82152, Martinsried, Germany.,Technical University of Munich, Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, 80333, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany
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50
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Splitting up to heal: mitochondrial shape regulates signaling for focal membrane repair. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 48:1995-2002. [PMID: 32985660 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are central to the health of eukaryotic cells. While commonly known for their bioenergetic role, mitochondria also function as signaling organelles that regulate cell stress responses capable of restoring homeostasis or leading the stressed cell to eventual death. Damage to the plasma membrane is a potentially fatal stressor incurred by all cells. Repairing plasma membrane damage requires cells to mount a rapid and localized response to injury. Accumulating evidence has identified a role for mitochondria as an important facilitator of this acute and localized repair response. However, as mitochondria are organized in a cell-wide, interconnected network, it is unclear how they collectively sense and respond to a focal injury. Here we will discuss how mitochondrial shape change is an integral part of this localized repair response. Mitochondrial fragmentation spatially restricts beneficial repair signaling, enabling a localized response to focal injury. Conservation of mitochondrial fragmentation in response to cell and tissue damage across species demonstrates that this is a universal pro-survival adaptation to injury and suggests that mitochondrial fragmentation may provide cells a mechanism to facilitate localized signaling in contexts beyond repairing plasma membrane injury.
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