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Jiang Q, Zou W, Li S, Qiu X, Zhu L, Kang L, Müller U. Sequence variations and accessory proteins adapt TMC functions to distinct sensory modalities. Neuron 2024:S0896-6273(24)00448-3. [PMID: 38986620 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Transmembrane channel-like (TMC) proteins are expressed throughout the animal kingdom and are thought to encode components of ion channels. Mammals express eight TMCs (mTMC1-8), two of which (mTMC1 and mTMC2) are subunits of mechanotransduction channels. C. elegans expresses two TMCs (TMC-1 and TMC-2), which mediate mechanosensation, egg laying, and alkaline sensing. The mechanisms by which nematode TMCs contribute to such diverse physiological processes and their functional relationship to mammalian mTMCs is unclear. Here, we show that association with accessory proteins tunes nematode TMC-1 to divergent sensory functions. In addition, distinct TMC-1 domains enable touch and alkaline sensing. Strikingly, these domains are segregated in mammals between mTMC1 and mTMC3. Consistent with these findings, mammalian mTMC1 can mediate mechanosensation in nematodes, while mTMC3 can mediate alkaline sensation. We conclude that sequence diversification and association with accessory proteins has led to the emergence of TMC protein complexes with diverse properties and physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Jiang
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Wenjuan Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shitian Li
- Department of Neurology of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital and School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 322000, China
| | - Xufeng Qiu
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Linhui Zhu
- Department of Neurology of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital and School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 322000, China
| | - Lijun Kang
- Department of Neurology of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital and School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 322000, China.
| | - Ulrich Müller
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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2
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Wang Y, Jin P, Kumar A, Jan L, Cheng Y, Jan YN, Zhang Y. Nonlinear compliance of NompC gating spring and its implication in mechanotransduction. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.20.599842. [PMID: 38979198 PMCID: PMC11230213 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.20.599842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Cytoskeleton-tethered mechanosensitive channels (MSCs) utilize compliant proteins or protein domains called gating springs to convert mechanical stimuli into electric signals, enabling sound and touch sensation and proprioception. The mechanical properties of these gating springs, however, remain elusive. Here, we explored the mechanical properties of the homotetrameric NompC complex containing long ankyrin-repeat domains (ARDs). We developed a toehold-mediated strand displacement approach to tether single membrane proteins, allowing us to exert force on them and precisely measure their absolute extension using optical tweezers. Our findings revealed that each ARD has a low stiffness of ~0.7 pN/nm and begins to unfold stepwise at ~7 pN, leading to nonlinear compliance. Our calculations indicate that this nonlinear compliance may help regulate NompC's sensitivity, dynamic range, and kinetics to detect mechanical stimuli. Overall, our research highlights the importance of a compliant and unfolding-refolding gating spring in facilitating a graded response of MSC ion transduction across a wide spectrum of mechanical stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Peng Jin
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Avinash Kumar
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lily Jan
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yifan Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yuh-Nung Jan
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yongli Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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3
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Zhang X, Shao J, Wang C, Liu C, Hao H, Li X, An Y, He J, Zhao W, Zhao Y, Kong Y, Jia Z, Wan S, Yuan Y, Zhang H, Zhang H, Du X. TMC7 functions as a suppressor of Piezo2 in primary sensory neurons blunting peripheral mechanotransduction. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114014. [PMID: 38568807 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The transmembrane channel-like (TMC) protein family comprises eight members, with TMC1 and TMC2 being extensively studied. This study demonstrates substantial co-expression of TMC7 with the mechanosensitive channel Piezo2 in somatosensory neurons. Genetic deletion of TMC7 in primary sensory ganglia neurons in vivo enhances sensitivity in both physiological and pathological mechanosensory transduction. This deletion leads to an increase in proportion of rapidly adapting (RA) currents conducted by Piezo2 in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and accelerates RA deactivation kinetics. In HEK293 cells expressing both proteins, TMC7 significantly suppresses the current amplitudes of co-expressed Piezo2. Our findings reveal that TMC7 and Piezo2 exhibit physical interactions, and both proteins also physically interact with cytoskeletal β-actin. We hypothesize that TMC7 functions as an inhibitory modulator of Piezo2 in DRG neurons, either through direct inhibition or by disrupting the transmission of mechanical forces from the cytoskeleton to the channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jichen Shao
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Caixue Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; The Forth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Animal Care, The Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Han Hao
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xinmeng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yating An
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jinsha He
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Weixin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yiwen Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Youzhen Kong
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zhanfeng Jia
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Shaopo Wan
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
| | - Huiran Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Hailin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaona Du
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
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4
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An Y, Hu J, Hao H, Zhao W, Zhang X, Shao J, Wang C, Li X, Liu C, He J, Zhao Y, Zhang H, Du X. The transmembrane channel-like 6 (TMC6) in primary sensory neurons involving thermal sensation via modulating M channels. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1330167. [PMID: 38440182 PMCID: PMC10909837 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1330167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The transmembrane channel-like (TMC) protein family contains eight members, TMC1-TMC8. Among these members, only TMC1 and TMC2 have been intensively studied. They are expressed in cochlear hair cells and are crucial for auditory sensations. TMC6 and TMC8 contribute to epidermodysplasia verruciformis, and predispose individuals to human papilloma virus. However, the impact of TMC on peripheral sensation pain has not been previously investigated. Methods: RNAscope was employed to detect the distribution of TMC6 mRNA in DRG neurons. Electrophysiological recordings were conducted to investigate the effects of TMC6 on neuronal characteristics and M channel activity. Zn2+ indicators were utilized to detect the zinc concentration in DRG tissues and dissociated neurons. A series of behavioural tests were performed to assess thermal and mechanical sensation in mice under both physiological and pathological conditions. Results and Discussion: We demonstrated that TMC6 is mainly expressed in small and medium dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and is involved in peripheral heat nociception. Deletion of TMC6 in DRG neurons hyperpolarizes the resting membrane potential and inhibits neuronal excitability. Additionally, the function of the M channel is enhanced in TMC6 deletion DRG neurons owing to the increased quantity of free zinc in neurons. Indeed, heat and mechanical hyperalgesia in chronic pain are alleviated in TMC6 knockout mice, particularly in the case of heat hyperalgesia. This suggests that TMC6 in the small and medium DRG neurons may be a potential target for chronic pain treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating An
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Mechanism, Diagnosis and Treatment of Neurological and Psychiatric Disease, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jingyi Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Mechanism, Diagnosis and Treatment of Neurological and Psychiatric Disease, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Han Hao
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Mechanism, Diagnosis and Treatment of Neurological and Psychiatric Disease, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Weixin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Mechanism, Diagnosis and Treatment of Neurological and Psychiatric Disease, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoxue Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Mechanism, Diagnosis and Treatment of Neurological and Psychiatric Disease, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jicheng Shao
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Mechanism, Diagnosis and Treatment of Neurological and Psychiatric Disease, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Caixue Wang
- The Forth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xinmeng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Mechanism, Diagnosis and Treatment of Neurological and Psychiatric Disease, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Chao Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal, Department of Animal Care, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jinsha He
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Mechanism, Diagnosis and Treatment of Neurological and Psychiatric Disease, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yiwen Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Mechanism, Diagnosis and Treatment of Neurological and Psychiatric Disease, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Hailin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Mechanism, Diagnosis and Treatment of Neurological and Psychiatric Disease, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaona Du
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Mechanism, Diagnosis and Treatment of Neurological and Psychiatric Disease, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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5
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Beurg M, Schwalbach ET, Fettiplace R. LHFPL5 is a key element in force transmission from the tip link to the hair cell mechanotransducer channel. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318270121. [PMID: 38194445 PMCID: PMC10801851 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318270121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
During auditory transduction, sound-evoked vibrations of the hair cell stereociliary bundles open mechanotransducer (MET) ion channels via tip links extending from one stereocilium to its neighbor. How tension in the tip link is delivered to the channel is not fully understood. The MET channel comprises a pore-forming subunit, transmembrane channel-like protein (TMC1 or TMC2), aided by several accessory proteins, including LHFPL5 (lipoma HMGIC fusion partner-like 5). We investigated the role of LHFPL5 in transduction by comparing MET channel activation in outer hair cells of Lhfpl5-/- knockout mice with those in Lhfpl5+/- heterozygotes. The 10 to 90 percent working range of transduction in Tmc1+/+; Lhfpl5+/- was 52 nm, from which the single-channel gating force, Z, was evaluated as 0.34 pN. However, in Tmc1+/+; Lhfpl5-/- mice, the working range increased to 123 nm and Z more than halved to 0.13 pN, indicating reduced sensitivity. Tip link tension is thought to activate the channel via a gating spring, whose stiffness is inferred from the stiffness change on tip link destruction. The gating stiffness was ~40 percent of the total bundle stiffness in wild type but was virtually abolished in Lhfpl5-/-, implicating LHFPL5 as a principal component of the gating spring. The mutation Tmc1 p.D569N reduced the LHFPL5 immunolabeling in the stereocilia and like Lhfpl5-/- doubled the MET working range, but other deafness mutations had no effect on the dynamic range. We conclude that tip-link tension is transmitted to the channel primarily via LHFPL5; residual activation without LHFPL5 may occur by direct interaction between PCDH15 and TMC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryline Beurg
- Department of Neuroscience, University of WisconsinSchool of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI53706
| | - Evan Travis Schwalbach
- Department of Neuroscience, University of WisconsinSchool of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI53706
| | - Robert Fettiplace
- Department of Neuroscience, University of WisconsinSchool of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI53706
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6
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Bhadauria V, Zhang M, Ma W, Yang J, Zhao W, Peng YL. The Hidden Truths of Fungal Virulence and Adaptation on Hosts: Unraveling the Conditional Dispensability of Minichromosomes in the Hemibiotrophic Colletotrichum Pathogens. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:198. [PMID: 38203369 PMCID: PMC10779208 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Colletotrichum spp. are ascomycete fungi and cause anthracnose disease in numerous crops of economic significance. The genomes of these fungi are distributed among ten core chromosomes and two to three minichromosomes. While the core chromosomes regulate fungal growth, development and virulence, the extent to which the minichromosomes are involved in these processes is still uncertain. Here, we discuss the minichromosomes of three hemibiotrophic Colletotrichum pathogens, i.e., C. graminicola, C. higginsianum and C. lentis. These minichromosomes are typically less than one megabase in length, characterized by containing higher repetitive DNA elements, lower GC content, higher frequency of repeat-induced point mutations (RIPMs) and sparse gene distribution. Molecular genetics and functional analyses have revealed that these pathogens harbor one conditionally dispensable minichromosome, which is dispensable for fungal growth and development but indispensable for fungal virulence on hosts. They appear to be strain-specific innovations and are highly compartmentalized into AT-rich and GC-rich blocks, resulting from RIPMs, which may help protect the conditionally dispensable minichromosomes from erosion of already scarce genes, thereby helping the Colletotrichum pathogens maintain adaptability on hosts. Overall, understanding the mechanisms underlying the conditional dispensability of these minichromosomes could lead to new strategies for controlling anthracnose disease in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijai Bhadauria
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (M.Z.); (W.M.); (J.Y.); (W.Z.); (Y.-L.P.)
- The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs for Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Monitoring and Green Control, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Manyu Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (M.Z.); (W.M.); (J.Y.); (W.Z.); (Y.-L.P.)
| | - Wendi Ma
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (M.Z.); (W.M.); (J.Y.); (W.Z.); (Y.-L.P.)
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (M.Z.); (W.M.); (J.Y.); (W.Z.); (Y.-L.P.)
- The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs for Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Monitoring and Green Control, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wensheng Zhao
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (M.Z.); (W.M.); (J.Y.); (W.Z.); (Y.-L.P.)
- The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs for Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Monitoring and Green Control, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - You-Liang Peng
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (M.Z.); (W.M.); (J.Y.); (W.Z.); (Y.-L.P.)
- The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs for Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Monitoring and Green Control, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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7
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Otero-Sobrino Á, Blanco-Carlón P, Navarro-Aguadero MÁ, Gallardo M, Martínez-López J, Velasco-Estévez M. Mechanosensitive Ion Channels: Their Physiological Importance and Potential Key Role in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13710. [PMID: 37762011 PMCID: PMC10530364 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensitive ion channels comprise a broad group of proteins that sense mechanical extracellular and intracellular changes, translating them into cation influx to adapt and respond to these physical cues. All cells in the organism are mechanosensitive, and these physical cues have proven to have an important role in regulating proliferation, cell fate and differentiation, migration and cellular stress, among other processes. Indeed, the mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix in cancer change drastically due to high cell proliferation and modification of extracellular protein secretion, suggesting an important contribution to tumor cell regulation. In this review, we describe the physiological significance of mechanosensitive ion channels, emphasizing their role in cancer and immunity, and providing compelling proof of the importance of continuing to explore their potential as new therapeutic targets in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Otero-Sobrino
- H12O-CNIO Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncologicas (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (Á.O.-S.); (P.B.-C.); (M.Á.N.-A.); (M.G.); (J.M.-L.)
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Blanco-Carlón
- H12O-CNIO Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncologicas (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (Á.O.-S.); (P.B.-C.); (M.Á.N.-A.); (M.G.); (J.M.-L.)
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Navarro-Aguadero
- H12O-CNIO Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncologicas (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (Á.O.-S.); (P.B.-C.); (M.Á.N.-A.); (M.G.); (J.M.-L.)
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Gallardo
- H12O-CNIO Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncologicas (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (Á.O.-S.); (P.B.-C.); (M.Á.N.-A.); (M.G.); (J.M.-L.)
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Martínez-López
- H12O-CNIO Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncologicas (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (Á.O.-S.); (P.B.-C.); (M.Á.N.-A.); (M.G.); (J.M.-L.)
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Velasco-Estévez
- H12O-CNIO Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncologicas (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (Á.O.-S.); (P.B.-C.); (M.Á.N.-A.); (M.G.); (J.M.-L.)
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
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8
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Clark S, Jeong H, Goehring A, Kang Y, Gouaux E. Large-scale growth of C. elegans and isolation of membrane protein complexes. Nat Protoc 2023; 18:2699-2716. [PMID: 37495753 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-023-00852-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Purification of membrane proteins for biochemical and structural studies is commonly achieved by recombinant overexpression in heterologous cell lines. However, many membrane proteins do not form a functional complex in a heterologous system, and few methods exist to purify sufficient protein from a native source for use in biochemical, biophysical and structural studies. Here, we provide a detailed protocol for the isolation of membrane protein complexes from transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans. We describe how to grow a genetically modified C. elegans line in abundance using standard laboratory equipment, and how to optimize purification conditions on a small scale using fluorescence-detection size-exclusion chromatography. Optimized conditions can then be applied to a large-scale preparation, enabling the purification of adequate quantities of a target protein for structural, biochemical and biophysical studies. Large-scale worm growth can be accomplished in ~9 d, and each optimization experiment can be completed in less than 1 d. We have used these methods to isolate the transmembrane channel-like protein 1 complex, as well as three additional protein complexes (transmembrane-like channel 2, lipid transfer protein and 'Protein S'), from transgenic C. elegans, demonstrating the utility of this approach in purifying challenging, low-abundance membrane protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Clark
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Hanbin Jeong
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - April Goehring
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Yunsik Kang
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Eric Gouaux
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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9
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Yamaguchi S, Kamino M, Hamamura M, Otsuguro KI. The cytosolic N-terminal region of heterologously-expressed transmembrane channel-like protein 1 (TMC1) can be cleaved in HEK293 cells. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287249. [PMID: 37352201 PMCID: PMC10289374 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane channel-like protein 1 (TMC1) is a transmembrane protein forming mechano-electrical transduction (MET) channel, which transduces mechanical stimuli into electrical signals at the top of stereocilia of hair cells in the inner ear. As an unexpected phenomenon, we found that the cytosolic N-terminal (Nt) region of heterologously-expressed mouse TMC1 (mTMC1) was localized in nuclei of a small population of the transfected HEK293 cells. This raised the possibility that the Nt region of heterologously-expressed mTMC1 was cleaved and transported into the nucleus. To confirm the cleavage, we performed western blot analyses. The results revealed that at least a fragment of the Nt region was produced from heterologously-expressed mTMC1. Site-directed mutagenesis experiments identified amino acid residues which were required to produce the fragment. The accumulation of the heterologously-expressed Nt fragment into the nuclei depended on nuclear localization signals within the Nt region. Furthermore, a structural comparison showed a similarity between the Nt region of mTMC1 and basic region leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors. However, transcriptome analyses using a next-generation sequencer showed that the heterologously-expression of the Nt fragment of mTMC1 hardly altered expression levels of genes. Although it is still unknown what is the precise mechanism and the physiological significance of this cleavage, these results showed that the cytosolic Nt region of heterologously-expressed mTMC1 could be cleaved in HEK293 cells. Therefore, it should be taken into account that the cleavage of Nt region might influence the functional analysis of TMC1 by the heterologous-expression system using HEK293 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Maho Kamino
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Maho Hamamura
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Otsuguro
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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10
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Medrano E, Collins KM. Muscle-directed mechanosensory feedback activates egg-laying circuit activity and behavior in Caenorhabditis elegans. Curr Biol 2023; 33:2330-2339.e8. [PMID: 37236183 PMCID: PMC10280788 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Mechanosensory feedback of the internal reproductive state drives decisions about when and where to reproduce.1 For instance, stretch in the Drosophila reproductive tract produced by artificial distention or from accumulated eggs regulates the attraction to acetic acid to ensure optimal oviposition.2 How such mechanosensory feedback modulates neural circuits to coordinate reproductive behaviors is incompletely understood. We previously identified a stretch-dependent homeostat that regulates egg laying in Caenorhabditis elegans. Sterilized animals lacking eggs show reduced Ca2+ transient activity in the presynaptic HSN command motoneurons that drive egg-laying behavior, while animals forced to accumulate extra eggs show dramatically increased circuit activity that restores egg laying.3 Interestingly, genetic ablation or electrical silencing of the HSNs delays, but does not abolish, the onset of egg laying,3,4,5 with animals recovering vulval muscle Ca2+ transient activity upon egg accumulation.6 Using an acute gonad microinjection technique to mimic changes in pressure and stretch resulting from germline activity and egg accumulation, we find that injection rapidly stimulates Ca2+ activity in both neurons and muscles of the egg-laying circuit. Injection-induced vulval muscle Ca2+ activity requires L-type Ca2+ channels but is independent of presynaptic input. Conversely, injection-induced neural activity is disrupted in mutants lacking the vulval muscles, suggesting "bottom-up" feedback from muscles to neurons. Direct mechanical prodding activates the vulval muscles, suggesting that they are the proximal targets of the stretch-dependent stimulus. Our results show that egg-laying behavior in C. elegans is regulated by a stretch-dependent homeostat that scales postsynaptic muscle responses with egg accumulation in the uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Medrano
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Kevin M Collins
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
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11
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Liao X, Li X, Liu R. Extracellular-matrix mechanics regulate cellular metabolism: A ninja warrior behind mechano-chemo signaling crosstalk. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2023; 24:207-220. [PMID: 36385696 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-022-09768-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical forces are the indispensable constituent of environmental cues, such as gravity, barometric pressure, vibration, and contact with bodies, which are involved in pattern and organogenesis, providing mechanical input to tissues and determining the ultimate fate of cells. Extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness, the slow elastic force, carries the external physical force load onto the cell or outputs the internal force exerted by the cell and its neighbors into the environment. Accumulating evidence illustrates the pivotal role of ECM stiffness in the regulation of organogenesis, maintenance of tissue homeostasis, and the development of multiple diseases, which is largely fulfilled through its systematical impact on cellular metabolism. This review summarizes the establishment and regulation of ECM stiffness, the mechanisms underlying how ECM stiffness is sensed by cells and signals to modulate diverse cell metabolic pathways, and the physiological and pathological significance of the ECM stiffness-cell metabolism axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14, Section 3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14, Section 3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14, Section 3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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12
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Advances and recent insights into the gating mechanisms of the mechanically-activated ion channels PIEZO1 and PIEZO2. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2022.100625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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13
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Qiu X, Müller U. Sensing sound: Cellular specializations and molecular force sensors. Neuron 2022; 110:3667-3687. [PMID: 36223766 PMCID: PMC9671866 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Organisms of all phyla express mechanosensitive ion channels with a wide range of physiological functions. In recent years, several classes of mechanically gated ion channels have been identified. Some of these ion channels are intrinsically mechanosensitive. Others depend on accessory proteins to regulate their response to mechanical force. The mechanotransduction machinery of cochlear hair cells provides a particularly striking example of a complex force-sensing machine. This molecular ensemble is embedded into a specialized cellular compartment that is crucial for its function. Notably, mechanotransduction channels of cochlear hair cells are not only critical for auditory perception. They also shape their cellular environment and regulate the development of auditory circuitry. Here, we summarize recent discoveries that have shed light on the composition of the mechanotransduction machinery of cochlear hair cells and how this machinery contributes to the development and function of the auditory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Qiu
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ulrich Müller
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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14
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Sexually dimorphic architecture and function of a mechanosensory circuit in C. elegans. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6825. [PMID: 36369281 PMCID: PMC9652301 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34661-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
How sensory perception is processed by the two sexes of an organism is still only partially understood. Despite some evidence for sexual dimorphism in auditory and olfactory perception, whether touch is sensed in a dimorphic manner has not been addressed. Here we find that the neuronal circuit for tail mechanosensation in C. elegans is wired differently in the two sexes and employs a different combination of sex-shared sensory neurons and interneurons in each sex. Reverse genetic screens uncovered cell- and sex-specific functions of the alpha-tubulin mec-12 and the sodium channel tmc-1 in sensory neurons, and of the glutamate receptors nmr-1 and glr-1 in interneurons, revealing the underlying molecular mechanisms that mediate tail mechanosensation. Moreover, we show that only in males, the sex-shared interneuron AVG is strongly activated by tail mechanical stimulation, and accordingly is crucial for their behavioral response. Importantly, sex reversal experiments demonstrate that the sexual identity of AVG determines both the behavioral output of the mechanosensory response and the molecular pathways controlling it. Our results present extensive sexual dimorphism in a mechanosensory circuit at both the cellular and molecular levels.
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15
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A look at the protein complex that enables hearing. Nature 2022:10.1038/d41586-022-03147-z. [PMID: 36224361 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-022-03147-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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The conductance and organization of the TMC1-containing mechanotransducer channel complex in auditory hair cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2210849119. [PMID: 36191207 PMCID: PMC9564823 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2210849119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the role of TMC1 as the central component of the hair cell mechanotransducer (MET) channel by characterizing transduction in mice harboring mutations in the pore region. All Tmc1 mutations reduced the Ca2+ influx into the hair bundle. Two mutations (Tmc1 p.D528N or Tmc1 p.E520Q) also decreased channel conductance and two (Tmc1 p. D569N or Tmc1 p.W554L) lowered expression. These mutations endorse TMC1 as the pore of the MET channel. The MET channel also contains accessory subunits, LHFPL5 and TMIE. MET currents were small in Lhfpl5 or Tmie knockout mice. Nevertheless, MET channels could still be activated by hair bundle displacement; single-channel conductance was unaffected in Lhfpl5−/− but reduced in Tmie−/−, suggesting TMIE likely contributes to the pore. Transmembrane channel-like protein 1 (TMC1) is thought to form the ion-conducting pore of the mechanoelectrical transducer (MET) channel in auditory hair cells. Using single-channel analysis and ionic permeability measurements, we characterized six missense mutations in the purported pore region of mouse TMC1. All mutations reduced the Ca2+ permeability of the MET channel, triggering hair cell apoptosis and deafness. In addition, Tmc1 p.E520Q and Tmc1 p.D528N reduced channel conductance, whereas Tmc1 p.W554L and Tmc1 p.D569N lowered channel expression without affecting the conductance. Tmc1 p.M412K and Tmc1 p.T416K reduced only the Ca2+ permeability. The consequences of these mutations endorse TMC1 as the pore of the MET channel. The accessory subunits, LHFPL5 and TMIE, are thought to be involved in targeting TMC1 to the tips of the stereocilia. We found sufficient expression of TMC1 in outer hair cells of Lhfpl5 and Tmie knockout mice to determine the properties of the channels, which could still be gated by hair bundle displacement. Single-channel conductance was unaffected in Lhfpl5−/− but was reduced in Tmie−/−, implying TMIE very likely contributes to the pore. Both the working range and half-saturation point of the residual MET current in Lhfpl5−/− were substantially increased, suggesting that LHFPL5 is part of the mechanical coupling between the tip-link and the MET channel. Based on counts of numbers of stereocilia per bundle, we estimate that each PCDH15 and LHFPL5 monomer may contact two channels irrespective of location.
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17
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Mechanosensitive body–brain interactions in Caenorhabditis elegans. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2022; 75:102574. [DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.102574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Marcotti A, Fernández-Trillo J, González A, Vizcaíno-Escoto M, Ros-Arlanzón P, Romero L, Vela JM, Gomis A, Viana F, de la Peña E. TRPA1 modulation by Sigma-1 receptor prevents oxaliplatin-induced painful peripheral neuropathy. Brain 2022; 146:475-491. [PMID: 35871491 PMCID: PMC9924907 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy is a frequent, disabling side effect of anticancer drugs. Oxaliplatin, a platinum compound used in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer, often leads to a form of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy characterized by mechanical and cold hypersensitivity. Current therapies for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy are ineffective, often leading to the cessation of treatment. Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is a polymodal, non-selective cation-permeable channel expressed in nociceptors, activated by physical stimuli and cellular stress products. TRPA1 has been linked to the establishment of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy and other painful neuropathic conditions. Sigma-1 receptor is an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone known to modulate the function of many ion channels and receptors. Sigma-1 receptor antagonist, a highly selective antagonist of Sigma-1 receptor, has shown effectiveness in a phase II clinical trial for oxaliplatin chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. However, the mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects of Sigma-1 receptor antagonist are little understood. We combined biochemical and biophysical (i.e. intermolecular Förster resonance energy transfer) techniques to demonstrate the interaction between Sigma-1 receptor and human TRPA1. Pharmacological antagonism of Sigma-1R impaired the formation of this molecular complex and the trafficking of functional TRPA1 to the plasma membrane. Using patch-clamp electrophysiological recordings we found that antagonists of Sigma-1 receptor, including Sigma-1 receptor antagonist, exert a marked inhibition on plasma membrane expression and function of human TRPA1 channels. In TRPA1-expressing mouse sensory neurons, Sigma-1 receptor antagonists reduced inward currents and the firing of actions potentials in response to TRPA1 agonists. Finally, in a mouse experimental model of oxaliplatin neuropathy, systemic treatment with a Sigma-1 receptor antagonists prevented the development of painful symptoms by a mechanism involving TRPA1. In summary, the modulation of TRPA1 channels by Sigma-1 receptor antagonists suggests a new strategy for the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy and could inform the development of novel therapeutics for neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Marcotti
- Present address: Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC) – CONICET, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | | | - Alejandro González
- Present address: Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marta Vizcaíno-Escoto
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Pablo Ros-Arlanzón
- Present address: Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Luz Romero
- WeLab Barcelona, Parc Científic de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Miguel Vela
- WeLab Barcelona, Parc Científic de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Gomis
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Félix Viana
- Correspondence may also be addressed to: Felix Viana E-mail:
| | - Elvira de la Peña
- Correspondence to: Elvira de la Peña Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain E-mail:
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19
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Ricci G, Guillou F, Catizone A, Mele VG, Moggio M, Chioccarelli T, Diano N, Meccariello R, Pierantoni R, Fasano S, Cobellis G, Chianese R, Manfrevola F. KISS1R and ANKRD31 Cooperate to Enhance Leydig Cell Gene Expression via the Cytoskeletal-Nucleoskeletal Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:877270. [PMID: 35813201 PMCID: PMC9260857 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.877270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Kisspeptins are involved in the regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, Leydig cell functions, and testosterone secretion, acting as endogenous ligands of the KISS1 receptor. ANKRD31 protein participates in male fertility, regulating meiotic progression, and epididymal sperm maturation. Here, we show that in Leydig cells, KISS1 receptor and ANKRD31 proteins physically interact; the formation of this protein complex is enhanced by Kisspeptin-10 that also modulates F-actin synthesis, favoring histone acetylation in chromatin and gene expression via the cytoskeletal–nucleoskeletal pathway. Kp/KISS1R system deregulation, expression impairment of cytoskeletal–nucleoskeletal mediators, Leydig gene targets, and the decreased testosterone secretion in Ankrd31−/− testis strongly supported our hypothesis. Furthermore, cytochalasin D treatment subverted the gene expression induction dependent on Kisspeptin-10 action. In conclusion, the current work highlights a novel role for the Kisspeptin-10 in the induction of the cytoskeletal–nucleoskeletal route, downstream a physical interaction between KISS1 receptor and ANKRD31, with gene expression activation as final effect, in Leydig cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Ricci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi della Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Florian Guillou
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, France
| | - Angela Catizone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Anatomiche, Istologiche, Medico Legali e dell’Apparato Locomotore, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Vincenza Grazia Mele
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi della Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Moggio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi della Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Chioccarelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi della Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Nadia Diano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi della Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosaria Meccariello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università di Napoli Parthenope, Napoli, Italy
| | - Riccardo Pierantoni
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi della Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Fasano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi della Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Gilda Cobellis
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi della Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosanna Chianese
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi della Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Rosanna Chianese,
| | - Francesco Manfrevola
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi della Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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20
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Miles L, Powell J, Kozak C, Song Y. Mechanosensitive Ion Channels, Axonal Growth, and Regeneration. Neuroscientist 2022:10738584221088575. [PMID: 35414308 PMCID: PMC9556659 DOI: 10.1177/10738584221088575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cells sense and respond to mechanical stimuli by converting those stimuli into biological signals, a process known as mechanotransduction. Mechanotransduction is essential in diverse cellular functions, including tissue development, touch sensitivity, pain, and neuronal pathfinding. In the search for key players of mechanotransduction, several families of ion channels were identified as being mechanosensitive and were demonstrated to be activated directly by mechanical forces in both the membrane bilayer and the cytoskeleton. More recently, Piezo ion channels were discovered as a bona fide mechanosensitive ion channel, and its characterization led to a cascade of research that revealed the diverse functions of Piezo proteins and, in particular, their involvement in neuronal repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leann Miles
- The Graduate Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jackson Powell
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Casey Kozak
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yuanquan Song
- The Graduate Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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21
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Gianoli F, Hogan B, Dilly É, Risler T, Kozlov AS. Fast adaptation of cooperative channels engenders Hopf bifurcations in auditory hair cells. Biophys J 2022; 121:897-909. [PMID: 35176272 PMCID: PMC8943817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the pioneering work of Thomas Gold, published in 1948, it has been known that we owe our sensitive sense of hearing to a process in the inner ear that can amplify incident sounds on a cycle-by-cycle basis. Called the active process, it uses energy to counteract the viscous dissipation associated with sound-evoked vibrations of the ear's mechanotransduction apparatus. Despite its importance, the mechanism of the active process and the proximate source of energy that powers it have remained elusive, especially at the high frequencies characteristic of amniote hearing. This is partly due to our insufficient understanding of the mechanotransduction process in hair cells, the sensory receptors and amplifiers of the inner ear. It has been proposed previously that cyclical binding of Ca2+ ions to individual mechanotransduction channels could power the active process. That model, however, relied on tailored reaction rates that structurally forced the direction of the cycle. Here we ground our study on our previous model of hair-cell mechanotransduction, which relied on cooperative gating of pairs of channels, and incorporate into it the cyclical binding of Ca2+ ions. With a single binding site per channel and reaction rates drawn from thermodynamic principles, the current model shows that hair cells behave as nonlinear oscillators that exhibit Hopf bifurcations, dynamical instabilities long understood to be signatures of the active process. Using realistic parameter values, we find bifurcations at frequencies in the kilohertz range with physiological Ca2+ concentrations. The current model relies on the electrochemical gradient of Ca2+ as the only energy source for the active process and on the relative motion of cooperative channels within the stereociliary membrane as the sole mechanical driver. Equipped with these two mechanisms, a hair bundle proves capable of operating at frequencies in the kilohertz range, characteristic of amniote hearing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brenna Hogan
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Émilien Dilly
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Risler
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, Paris, France.
| | - Andrei S Kozlov
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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22
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Intrinsically disordered intracellular domains control key features of the mechanically-gated ion channel PIEZO2. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1365. [PMID: 35292651 PMCID: PMC8924262 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28974-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A central question in mechanobiology is how mechanical forces acting in or on cells are transmitted to mechanically-gated PIEZO channels that convert these forces into biochemical signals. Here we examined the role of the intracellular domains of PIEZO2, which account for 25% of the channel, and demonstrate that these domains fine-tune properties such as poking and stretch-sensitivity, velocity coding and single channel conductance. Moreover, we show that the intrinsically disordered linker between the transmembrane helices twelve and thirteen (IDR5) is required for the activation of PIEZO2 by cytoskeleton-transmitted forces. The deletion of IDR5 abolishes PIEZO2-mediated inhibition of neurite outgrowth, while it only partially affected its sensitivity to cell indentation and does not alter its stretch sensitivity. Thus, we propose that PIEZO2 is a polymodal mechanosensor that detects different types of mechanical stimuli via different force transmission pathways, which highlights the importance of utilizing multiple complementary assays when investigating PIEZO function. A key question in mechanobiology is how mechanical forces are transmitted to PIEZO ion channels. Here, Verkest et al. identify an intracellular channel domain that is required for the activation of PIEZO2 by cytoskeleton-transmitted forces.
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23
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Jeong H, Clark S, Goehring A, Dehghani-Ghahnaviyeh S, Rasouli A, Tajkhorshid E, Gouaux E. Structures of the TMC-1 complex illuminate mechanosensory transduction. Nature 2022; 610:796-803. [PMID: 36224384 PMCID: PMC9605866 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05314-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The initial step in the sensory transduction pathway underpinning hearing and balance in mammals involves the conversion of force into the gating of a mechanosensory transduction channel1. Despite the profound socioeconomic impacts of hearing disorders and the fundamental biological significance of understanding mechanosensory transduction, the composition, structure and mechanism of the mechanosensory transduction complex have remained poorly characterized. Here we report the single-particle cryo-electron microscopy structure of the native transmembrane channel-like protein 1 (TMC-1) mechanosensory transduction complex isolated from Caenorhabditis elegans. The two-fold symmetric complex is composed of two copies each of the pore-forming TMC-1 subunit, the calcium-binding protein CALM-1 and the transmembrane inner ear protein TMIE. CALM-1 makes extensive contacts with the cytoplasmic face of the TMC-1 subunits, whereas the single-pass TMIE subunits reside on the periphery of the complex, poised like the handles of an accordion. A subset of complexes additionally includes a single arrestin-like protein, arrestin domain protein (ARRD-6), bound to a CALM-1 subunit. Single-particle reconstructions and molecular dynamics simulations show how the mechanosensory transduction complex deforms the membrane bilayer and suggest crucial roles for lipid-protein interactions in the mechanism by which mechanical force is transduced to ion channel gating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbin Jeong
- grid.433851.80000 0004 0608 3919Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Sarah Clark
- grid.433851.80000 0004 0608 3919Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - April Goehring
- grid.433851.80000 0004 0608 3919Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR USA ,grid.5288.70000 0000 9758 5690Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Sepehr Dehghani-Ghahnaviyeh
- grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Theoretical and Computational Biophysics Group, NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA ,grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA ,grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Ali Rasouli
- grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Theoretical and Computational Biophysics Group, NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA ,grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA ,grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Emad Tajkhorshid
- grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Theoretical and Computational Biophysics Group, NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA ,grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA ,grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Eric Gouaux
- grid.433851.80000 0004 0608 3919Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR USA ,grid.5288.70000 0000 9758 5690Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR USA
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Elferich J, Clark S, Ge J, Goehring A, Matsui A, Gouaux E. Molecular structures and conformations of protocadherin-15 and its complexes on stereocilia elucidated by cryo-electron tomography. eLife 2021; 10:74512. [PMID: 34964715 PMCID: PMC8776254 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensory transduction (MT), the conversion of mechanical stimuli into electrical signals, underpins hearing and balance and is carried out within hair cells in the inner ear. Hair cells harbor actin-filled stereocilia, arranged in rows of descending heights, where the tips of stereocilia are connected to their taller neighbors by a filament composed of protocadherin 15 (PCDH15) and cadherin 23 (CDH23), deemed the ‘tip link.’ Tension exerted on the tip link opens an ion channel at the tip of the shorter stereocilia, thus converting mechanical force into an electrical signal. While biochemical and structural studies have provided insights into the molecular composition and structure of isolated portions of the tip link, the architecture, location, and conformational states of intact tip links, on stereocilia, remains unknown. Here, we report in situ cryo-electron microscopy imaging of the tip link in mouse stereocilia. We observe individual PCDH15 molecules at the tip and shaft of stereocilia and determine their stoichiometry, conformational heterogeneity, and their complexes with other filamentous proteins, perhaps including CDH23. The PCDH15 complexes occur in clusters, frequently with more than one copy of PCDH15 at the tip of stereocilia, suggesting that tip links might consist of more than one copy of PCDH15 complexes and, by extension, might include multiple MT complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Elferich
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, United States
| | - Sarah Clark
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, United States
| | - Jingpeng Ge
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, United States
| | - April Goehring
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, United States
| | - Aya Matsui
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, United States
| | - Eric Gouaux
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, United States
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Holt JR, Tobin M, Elferich J, Gouaux E, Ballesteros A, Yan Z, Ahmed ZM, Nicolson T. Putting the Pieces Together: the Hair Cell Transduction Complex. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2021; 22:601-608. [PMID: 34617206 PMCID: PMC8599550 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-021-00808-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of the components of the mechanosensory transduction complex in hair cells has been a major research interest for many auditory and vestibular scientists and has attracted attention from outside the field. The past two decades have witnessed a number of significant advances with emergence of compelling evidence implicating at least a dozen distinct molecular components of the transduction machinery. Yet, how the pieces of this ensemble fit together and function in harmony to enable the senses of hearing and balance has not been clarified. The goal of this review is to summarize a 2021 symposium presented at the annual mid-winter meeting of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology. The symposium brought together the latest insights from within and beyond the field to examine individual components of the transduction complex and how these elements interact at molecular, structural, and biophysical levels to gate mechanosensitive channels and initiate sensory transduction in the inner ear. The review includes a brief historical background to set the stage for topics to follow that focus on structure, properties, and interactions of proteins such as CDH23, PCDH15, LHFPL5, TMIE, TMC1/2, and CIB2/3. We aim to present the diversity of ideas in this field and highlight emerging theories and concepts. This review will not only provide readers with a deeper appreciation of the components of the transduction apparatus and how they function together, but also bring to light areas of broad agreement, areas of scientific controversy, and opportunities for future scientific discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Holt
- Departments of Otolaryngology & Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Mélanie Tobin
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Paris, 75005, France
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology, Neuroscience and Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Johannes Elferich
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Eric Gouaux
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Angela Ballesteros
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Section, Disorders and Stroke, National Institute of Neurological, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Yan
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China
| | - Zubair M Ahmed
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Teresa Nicolson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Roy Choudhury A, Großhans J, Kong D. Ion Channels in Epithelial Dynamics and Morphogenesis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092280. [PMID: 34571929 PMCID: PMC8465836 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensitive ion channels mediate the neuronal sensation of mechanical signals such as sound, touch, and pain. Recent studies point to a function of these channel proteins in cell types and tissues in addition to the nervous system, such as epithelia, where they have been little studied, and their role has remained elusive. Dynamic epithelia are intrinsically exposed to mechanical forces. A response to pull and push is assumed to constitute an essential part of morphogenetic movements of epithelial tissues, for example. Mechano-gated channels may participate in sensing and responding to such forces. In this review, focusing on Drosophila, we highlight recent results that will guide further investigations concerned with the mechanistic role of these ion channels in epithelial cells.
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Kaulich E, Walker DS, Tang YQ, Schafer WR. The Caenorhabditis elegans tmc-1 is involved in egg-laying inhibition in response to harsh touch. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2021; 2021. [PMID: 34414364 PMCID: PMC8369342 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The conserved family of Transmembrane channel-like (TMC) proteins has attracted significant interest since two members appear to be key components of the mammalian hair cell mechanotransducer involved in hearing. C. elegans expresses two TMC proteins, TMC-1 and TMC-2. TMC-1 is widely expressed in in both muscles and the nervous system. This wide expression pattern suggests that TMC-1 might serve different functions in the various neurons. TMC-1 has previously been shown to function in neurons, playing a role in chemosensation in the ASH neurons and mechanosensation in OLQ neurons, further supporting this hypothesis. tmc-1 is expressed in the high-threshold mechanosensory neuron, ALA. We show that tmc-1 mutants show defects in the ALA-dependent inhibition of egg-laying in response to a harsh mechanical stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kaulich
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Denise S Walker
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Yi-Quan Tang
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
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Liang X, Qiu X, Dionne G, Cunningham CL, Pucak ML, Peng G, Kim YH, Lauer A, Shapiro L, Müller U. CIB2 and CIB3 are auxiliary subunits of the mechanotransduction channel of hair cells. Neuron 2021; 109:2131-2149.e15. [PMID: 34089643 PMCID: PMC8374959 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
CIB2 is a Ca2+- and Mg2+-binding protein essential for mechanoelectrical transduction (MET) by cochlear hair cells, but not by vestibular hair cells that co-express CIB2 and CIB3. Here, we show that in cochlear hair cells, CIB3 can functionally substitute for CIB2. Using X-ray crystallography, we demonstrate that CIB2 and CIB3 are structurally similar to KChIP proteins, auxiliary subunits of voltage-gated Kv4 channels. CIB2 and CIB3 bind to TMC1/2 through a domain in TMC1/2 flanked by transmembrane domains 2 and 3. The co-crystal structure of the CIB-binding domain in TMC1 with CIB3 reveals that interactions are mediated through a conserved CIB hydrophobic groove, similar to KChIP1 binding of Kv4. Functional studies in mice show that CIB2 regulates TMC1/2 localization and function in hair cells, processes that are affected by deafness-causing CIB2 mutations. We conclude that CIB2 and CIB3 are MET channel auxiliary subunits with striking similarity to Kv4 channel auxiliary subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Liang
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Xufeng Qiu
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Gilman Dionne
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Zuckerman Mind Brain, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Christopher L Cunningham
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Michele L Pucak
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Guihong Peng
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ye-Hyun Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-HNS, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Amanda Lauer
- Department of Otolaryngology-HNS, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Lawrence Shapiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Zuckerman Mind Brain, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Ulrich Müller
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Farhadi M, Razmara E, Balali M, Hajabbas Farshchi Y, Falah M. How Transmembrane Inner Ear (TMIE) plays role in the auditory system: A mystery to us. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:5869-5883. [PMID: 33987950 PMCID: PMC8256367 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Different cellular mechanisms contribute to the hearing sense, so it is obvious that any disruption in such processes leads to hearing impairment that greatly influences the global economy and quality of life of the patients and their relatives. In the past two decades, transmembrane inner ear (TMIE) protein has received a great deal of research interest because its impairments cause hereditary deafness in humans. This evolutionarily conserved membrane protein contributes to a fundamental complex that plays role in the maintenance and function of the sensory hair cells. Although the critical roles of the TMIE in mechanoelectrical transduction or hearing procedures have been discussed, there are little to no review papers summarizing the roles of the TMIE in the auditory system. In order to fill this gap, herein, we discuss the important roles of this protein in the auditory system including its role in mechanotransduction, olivocochlear synapse, morphology and different signalling pathways; we also review the genotype-phenotype correlation that can per se show the possible roles of this protein in the auditory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Farhadi
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and DepartmentThe Five Senses Health InstituteHazrat Rasoul Akram HospitalIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Ehsan Razmara
- Australian Regenerative Medicine InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Maryam Balali
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and DepartmentThe Five Senses Health InstituteHazrat Rasoul Akram HospitalIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Yeganeh Hajabbas Farshchi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular BiologyTehran Medical SciencesIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
| | - Masoumeh Falah
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and DepartmentThe Five Senses Health InstituteHazrat Rasoul Akram HospitalIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Abstract
Mechanosensing is a key feature through which organisms can receive inputs from the environment and convert them into specific functional and behavioral outputs. Mechanosensation occurs in many cells and tissues, regulating a plethora of molecular processes based on the distribution of forces and stresses both at the cell membrane and at the intracellular organelles levels, through complex interactions between cells’ microstructures, cytoskeleton, and extracellular matrix. Although several primary and secondary mechanisms have been shown to contribute to mechanosensation, a fundamental pathway in simple organisms and mammals involves the presence of specialized sensory neurons and the presence of different types of mechanosensitive ion channels on the neuronal cell membrane. In this contribution, we present a review of the main ion channels which have been proven to be significantly involved in mechanotransduction in neurons. Further, we discuss recent studies focused on the biological mechanisms and modeling of mechanosensitive ion channels’ gating, and on mechanotransduction modeling at different scales and levels of details.
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Abstract
Mechanosensation such as touch, hearing and proprioception, is functionally regulated by mechano-gated ion channels through the process of transduction. Mechano-gated channels are a subtype of gated ion channels engaged in converting mechanical stimuli to chemical or electrical signals thereby modulating sensation. To date, a few families of mechano-gated channels (DEG/ENaC, TRPN, K2P, TMC and Piezo) have been identified in eukaryotes. Using a tractable genetic model organism Caenorhabditis elegans, the molecular mechanism of mechanosensation have been the focus of much research to comprehend the process of mechanotransduction. Comprising of almost all metazoans classes of ion channels, transporters and receptors, C. elegans is a powerful genetic model to explore mechanosensitive behaviors such as touch sensation and proprioception. The nematode relies primarily on its sensory abilities to survive in its natural environment. Genetic screening, calcium imaging and electrophysiological analysis have established that ENaC proteins and TRPN channel (TRP-4 protein) can characterize mechano-gated channels in C. elegans. A recent study reported that TMCs are likely the pore-forming subunit of a mechano-gated channel in C. elegans. Nevertheless, it still remains unclear whether Piezo as well as other candidate proteins can form mechano-gated channels in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Al-Sheikh
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurosurgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lijun Kang
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurosurgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
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32
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Abstract
Sound-induced mechanical stimuli are detected by elaborate mechanosensory transduction (MT) machinery in highly specialized hair cells of the inner ear. Genetic studies of inherited deafness in the past decades have uncovered several molecular constituents of the MT complex, and intense debate has surrounded the molecular identity of the pore-forming subunits. How the MT components function in concert in response to physical stimulation is not fully understood. In this review, we summarize and discuss multiple lines of evidence supporting the hypothesis that transmembrane channel-like 1 is a long-sought MT channel subunit. We also review specific roles of other components of the MT complex, including protocadherin 15, cadherin 23, lipoma HMGIC fusion partner-like 5, transmembrane inner ear, calcium and integrin-binding family member 2, and ankyrins. Based on these recent advances, we propose a unifying theory of hair cell MT that may reconcile most of the functional discoveries obtained to date. Finally, we discuss key questions that need to be addressed for a comprehensive understanding of hair cell MT at molecular and atomic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Zheng
- Departments of Otolaryngology and Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA;
| | - Jeffrey R Holt
- Departments of Otolaryngology and Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA;
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Wu CJ, Li X, Sommers CL, Kurima K, Huh S, Bugos G, Dong L, Li W, Griffith AJ, Samelson LE. Expression of a TMC6-TMC8-CIB1 heterotrimeric complex in lymphocytes is regulated by each of the components. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:16086-16099. [PMID: 32917726 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The TMC genes encode a set of homologous transmembrane proteins whose functions are not well understood. Biallelic mutations in either TMC6 or TMC8 are detected in more than half of cases of the pre-malignant skin disease epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV). It is controversial whether EV induced by mutations in TMC6 or TMC8 originates from keratinocyte or lymphocyte defects. Quantification of TMC6 and TMC8 RNA levels in various organs revealed that lymphoid tissues have the highest levels of expression of both genes, and custom antibodies confirmed protein expression in mouse lymphocytes. To study the function of these proteins we generated mice with targeted deletion mutant alleles of Tmc6 or Tmc8 Either TMC6 or TMC8 deficiency induced a reduction in apparent molecular weight and/or amount of the other TMC molecule. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments indicated that TMC6 and TMC8 formed a protein complex in mouse and human T cells. MS and biochemical analysis demonstrated that TMC6 and TMC8 additionally interacted with the CIB1 protein to form TMC6-TMC8-CIB1 trimers. We demonstrated that TMC6 and TMC8 regulated CIB1 levels by protecting CIB1 from ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Reciprocally, CIB1 was needed for stabilizing TMC6 and TMC8 levels. These results suggest why inactivating mutations in any of the three human genes leads to similar clinical presentations. We also demonstrated that TMC6 and TMC8 levels are drastically lower and the proteins are less active in regulating CIB1 in keratinocytes than in T cells. Our study suggests that defects in lymphocytes may contribute to the etiology and pathogenesis of EV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Jin Wu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xing Li
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Section, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Connie L Sommers
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kiyoto Kurima
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Section, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Sunmee Huh
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Grace Bugos
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lijin Dong
- Genetic Engineering Core, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wenmei Li
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew J Griffith
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Section, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Lawrence E Samelson
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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Abstract
Although 62 years have elapsed since the first report of hereditary deafness in a mouse strain, the molecular mechanism of hair cell mechanotransduction remains elusive. Three recent studies present crucial insights into the molecular crux of hair cell mechanotransduction machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Al-Sheikh
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurosurgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Lijun Kang
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurosurgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China.
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35
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Structural determinants of protocadherin-15 mechanics and function in hearing and balance perception. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:24837-24848. [PMID: 32963095 PMCID: PMC7547225 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1920444117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
When sound vibrations reach the inner ear, fine protein filaments called “tip links” stretch and open cochlear hair-cell mechanosensitive channels that trigger sensory perception. Similarly, vestibular hair cells use tip links to sense mechanical stimuli produced by head motions. Tip links are formed by cadherin-23 and protocadherin-15, two large proteins involved in hearing loss and balance disorders. Here we present multiple structures, models, and simulations that depict the lower end of the tip link, including the complete protocadherin-15 ectodomain. These models show an essential connection between cadherin-23 and protocadherin-15 with dual molecular “handshakes” and various protein sites that are mutated in inherited deafness. The simulations also reveal how the tip link responds to force to mediate hearing and balance sensing. The vertebrate inner ear, responsible for hearing and balance, is able to sense minute mechanical stimuli originating from an extraordinarily broad range of sound frequencies and intensities or from head movements. Integral to these processes is the tip-link protein complex, which conveys force to open the inner-ear transduction channels that mediate sensory perception. Protocadherin-15 and cadherin-23, two atypically large cadherins with 11 and 27 extracellular cadherin (EC) repeats, are involved in deafness and balance disorders and assemble as parallel homodimers that interact to form the tip link. Here we report the X-ray crystal structure of a protocadherin-15 + cadherin-23 heterotetrameric complex at 2.9-Å resolution, depicting a parallel homodimer of protocadherin-15 EC1-3 molecules forming an antiparallel complex with two cadherin-23 EC1-2 molecules. In addition, we report structures for 10 protocadherin-15 fragments used to build complete high-resolution models of the monomeric protocadherin-15 ectodomain. Molecular dynamics simulations and validated crystal contacts are used to propose models for the complete extracellular protocadherin-15 parallel homodimer and the tip-link bond. Steered molecular dynamics simulations of these models suggest conditions in which a structurally diverse and multimodal protocadherin-15 ectodomain can act as a stiff or soft gating spring. These results reveal the structural determinants of tip-link–mediated inner-ear sensory perception and elucidate protocadherin-15’s structural and adhesive properties relevant in disease.
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