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Daniłowska K, Picheta N, Żyła D, Piekarz J, Zych K, Gil-Kulik P. New Pharmacological Therapies in the Treatment of Epilepsy in the Pediatric Population. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3567. [PMID: 38930098 PMCID: PMC11204858 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13123567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a disorder characterized by abnormal brain neuron activity, predisposing individuals to seizures. The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) categorizes epilepsy into the following groups: focal, generalized, generalized and focal, and unknown. Infants are the most vulnerable pediatric group to the condition, with the cause of epilepsy development being attributed to congenital brain developmental defects, white matter damage, intraventricular hemorrhage, perinatal hypoxic-ischemic injury, perinatal stroke, or genetic factors such as mutations in the Sodium Channel Protein Type 1 Subunit Alpha (SCN1A) gene. Due to the risks associated with this condition, we have investigated how the latest pharmacological treatments for epilepsy in children impact the reduction or complete elimination of seizures. We reviewed literature from 2018 to 2024, focusing on the age group from 1 month to 18 years old, with some studies including this age group as well as older individuals. The significance of this review is to present and compile research findings on the latest antiseizure drugs (ASDs), their effectiveness, dosing, and adverse effects in the pediatric population, which can contribute to selecting the best drug for a particular patient. The medications described in this review have shown significant efficacy and safety in the studied patient group, outweighing the observed adverse effects. The main aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of the current state of knowledge regarding the newest pharmacotherapy for childhood epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Daniłowska
- Student’s Scientific Society of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-080 Lublin, Poland; (K.D.); (N.P.); (D.Ż.); (J.P.); (K.Z.)
| | - Natalia Picheta
- Student’s Scientific Society of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-080 Lublin, Poland; (K.D.); (N.P.); (D.Ż.); (J.P.); (K.Z.)
| | - Dominika Żyła
- Student’s Scientific Society of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-080 Lublin, Poland; (K.D.); (N.P.); (D.Ż.); (J.P.); (K.Z.)
| | - Julia Piekarz
- Student’s Scientific Society of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-080 Lublin, Poland; (K.D.); (N.P.); (D.Ż.); (J.P.); (K.Z.)
| | - Katarzyna Zych
- Student’s Scientific Society of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-080 Lublin, Poland; (K.D.); (N.P.); (D.Ż.); (J.P.); (K.Z.)
| | - Paulina Gil-Kulik
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-080 Lublin, Poland
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Li X, Yennawar M, Wiest A, O'Brien WT, Babrowicz B, White RS, Talos DM, Jensen FE. Cannabidiol attenuates seizure susceptibility and behavioural deficits in adult CDKL5 R59X knock-in mice. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:3337-3352. [PMID: 38654472 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) deficiency disorder (CDD) is caused by a loss-of-function mutation in CDKL5 gene, encoding a serine-threonine kinase highly expressed in the brain. CDD manifests with early-onset epilepsy, autism, motor impairment and severe intellectual disability. While there are no known treatments for CDD, the use of cannabidiol has recently been introduced into clinical practice for neurodevelopmental disorders. Given the increased clinical utilization of cannabidiol, we examined its efficacy in the CDKL5R59X knock-in (R59X) mice, a CDD model based on a human mutation that exhibits both lifelong seizure susceptibility and behavioural deficits. We found that cannabidiol pre-treatment rescued the increased seizure susceptibility in response to the chemoconvulsant pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), attenuated working memory and long-term memory impairments, and rescued social deficits in adult R59X mice. To elucidate a potential mechanism, we compared the developmental hippocampal and cortical expression of common endocannabinoid (eCB) targets in R59X mice and their wild-type littermates, including cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1R), transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) and 2 (TRPV2), G-coupled protein receptor 55 (GPR55) and adenosine receptor 1 (A1R). Many of these eCB targets were developmentally regulated in both R59X and wild-type mice. In addition, adult R59X mice demonstrated significantly decreased expression of CB1R and TRPV1 in the hippocampus, and TRPV2 in the cortex, while TRPV1 was increased in the cortex. These findings support the potential for dysregulation of eCB signalling as a plausible mechanism and therapeutic target in CDD, given the efficacy of cannabidiol to attenuate hyperexcitability and behavioural deficits in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Li
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Madhumita Yennawar
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alyssa Wiest
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William T O'Brien
- Neurobehavior Testing Core, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bergan Babrowicz
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rachel S White
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Delia M Talos
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Frances E Jensen
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Javaid U, Afroz S, Ashraf W, Saghir KA, Alqahtani F, Anjum SMM, Ahmad T, Imran I. Ameliorative effect of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. by suppression of pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling in mice: An insight from EEG, neurobehavioral and in-silico studies. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116791. [PMID: 38776672 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is an abiding condition associated with recurrent seizure attacks along with associated neurological and psychological emanation owing to disparity of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission. The current study encompasses the assessment of the Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. methanolic extract (Na.Cr) in the management of convulsive state and concomitant conditions owing to epilepsy. The latency of seizure incidence was assessed using pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) kindling models along with EEG in Na.Cr pretreated mice, trailed by behavior assessment (anxiety and memory), biochemical assay, histopathological alterations, chemical profiling through GCMS, and molecular docking. The chronic assessment of PTZ-induced kindled mice depicted salvation in a dose-related pattern and outcomes were noticeable with extract at 400 mg/kg. The extract at 400 mg/kg defends the progress of kindling seizures and associated EEG. Co-morbid conditions in mice emanating owing to epileptic outbreaks were validated by behavioral testing and the outcome depicted a noticeable defense related to anxiety (P<0.001) and cognitive deficit (P<0.001) at 400 mg/kg. The isolated brains were evaluated for oxidative stress and the outcome demonstrated a noticeable effect in a dose-dependent pattern. Treatment with Na.Cr. also preserved the brain from PTZ induced neuronal damage as indicated by histopathological analysis. Furthermore, the GCMS outcome predicted 28 compounds abundantly found in the plant. The results congregated in the current experiments deliver valued evidence about the defensive response apportioned by Na.Cr which might be due to decline in oxidative stress, AChE level, and GABAergic modulation. These activities may contribute to fundamental pharmacology and elucidate some mechanisms behind the activities of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Javaid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Afroz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Waseem Ashraf
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Khaled Ahmed Saghir
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Faleh Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Muhammad Muneeb Anjum
- The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore 75270, Pakistan
| | - Tanveer Ahmad
- Institut pour l'Avancée des Biosciences, Centre de Recherche UGA / INSERM U1209 / CNRS 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, France
| | - Imran Imran
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.
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Barti B, Dudok B, Kenesei K, Zöldi M, Miczán V, Balla GY, Zala D, Tasso M, Sagheddu C, Kisfali M, Tóth B, Ledri M, Vizi ES, Melis M, Barna L, Lenkei Z, Soltész I, Katona I. Presynaptic nanoscale components of retrograde synaptic signaling. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eado0077. [PMID: 38809980 PMCID: PMC11135421 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ado0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
While our understanding of the nanoscale architecture of anterograde synaptic transmission is rapidly expanding, the qualitative and quantitative molecular principles underlying distinct mechanisms of retrograde synaptic communication remain elusive. We show that a particular form of tonic cannabinoid signaling is essential for setting target cell-dependent synaptic variability. It does not require the activity of the two major endocannabinoid-producing enzymes. Instead, by developing a workflow for physiological, anatomical, and molecular measurements at the same unitary synapse, we demonstrate that the nanoscale stoichiometric ratio of type 1 cannabinoid receptors (CB1Rs) to the release machinery is sufficient to predict synapse-specific release probability. Accordingly, selective decrease of extrasynaptic CB1Rs does not affect synaptic transmission, whereas in vivo exposure to the phytocannabinoid Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol disrupts the intrasynaptic nanoscale stoichiometry and reduces synaptic variability. These findings imply that synapses leverage the nanoscale stoichiometry of presynaptic receptor coupling to the release machinery to establish synaptic strength in a target cell-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjámin Barti
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, 702 N Walnut Grove Ave, Bloomington, IN 47405-2204, USA
- Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Szigony st 43, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
- School of Ph.D. Studies, Semmelweis University, Üllői st 26, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barna Dudok
- Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Szigony st 43, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plz, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, 450 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kata Kenesei
- Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Szigony st 43, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Zöldi
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, 702 N Walnut Grove Ave, Bloomington, IN 47405-2204, USA
- Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Szigony st 43, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
- School of Ph.D. Studies, Semmelweis University, Üllői st 26, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vivien Miczán
- Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Szigony st 43, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, HUN-REN Biological Research Center, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gyula Y. Balla
- Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Szigony st 43, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
- School of Ph.D. Studies, Semmelweis University, Üllői st 26, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
- Translational Behavioral Neuroscience Research Group, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Szigony st 43, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Diana Zala
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences of Paris, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Mariana Tasso
- Institute of Nanosystems, School of Bio and Nanotechnologies, National University of San Martín - CONICET, 25 de Mayo Ave., 1021 San Martín, Argentina
| | - Claudia Sagheddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Máté Kisfali
- Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Szigony st 43, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
- BiTrial Ltd., Tállya st 23, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Blanka Tóth
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szt. Gellért square 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Üllői st 26, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marco Ledri
- Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Szigony st 43, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Sölvegatan 17, BMC A11, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - E. Sylvester Vizi
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Szigony st 43, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miriam Melis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - László Barna
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, 702 N Walnut Grove Ave, Bloomington, IN 47405-2204, USA
| | - Zsolt Lenkei
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences of Paris, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Iván Soltész
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, 450 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - István Katona
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, 702 N Walnut Grove Ave, Bloomington, IN 47405-2204, USA
- Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Szigony st 43, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
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Chahyadinata G, Nam JH, Battenberg A, Wainger BJ. Physiological profiling of cannabidiol reveals profound inhibition of sensory neurons. Pain 2024:00006396-990000000-00614. [PMID: 38815194 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cannabidiol (CBD), the main nonpsychoactive cannabinoid of cannabis, holds promise for nonaddictive treatment of pain. Although preclinical studies have been encouraging, well-controlled human trials have been largely unsuccessful. To investigate this dichotomy and better understand the actions of CBD, we used high-content calcium imaging with automated liquid handling and observed broad inhibition of neuronal activation by a host of ionotropic and metabotropic receptors, including transient receptor potential (Trp) and purinergic receptors, as well as mediators of intracellular calcium cycling. To assess the effect of CBD on overall nociceptor electrical activity, we combined the light-activated ion channel channelrhodposin in TRPV1-positive nociceptors and a red-shifted calcium indicator and found that 1 µM CBD profoundly increased the optical threshold for calcium flux activation. Experiments using traditional whole-cell patch-clamp showed increase of nociceptor activation threshold at submicromolar concentrations, but with unusually slow kinetics, as well as block of voltage-activated currents. To address a more integrated capacity of CBD to influence nociceptor sensitization, a process implicated in multiple pain states, we found that submicromolar concentrations of CBD inhibited sensitization by the chemotherapeutic drug vincristine. Taken together, these results demonstrate that CBD can reduce neuronal activity evoked by a strikingly wide range of stimuli implicated in pain signaling. The extensive effects underscore the need for further studies at substantially lower drug concentrations, which are more likely to reflect physiologically relevant mechanisms. The slow kinetics and block raise biophysical questions regarding the lipophilic properties of CBD and its action on channels and receptors within membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gracesenia Chahyadinata
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Joo Hyun Nam
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Physiology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ashley Battenberg
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Brian J Wainger
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Broad Institute of Harvard University and MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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6
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Stasiłowicz-Krzemień A, Nogalska W, Maszewska Z, Maleszka M, Dobroń M, Szary A, Kępa A, Żarowski M, Hojan K, Lukowicz M, Cielecka-Piontek J. The Use of Compounds Derived from Cannabis sativa in the Treatment of Epilepsy, Painful Conditions, and Neuropsychiatric and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5749. [PMID: 38891938 PMCID: PMC11171823 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders present a wide range of symptoms and challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Cannabis sativa, with its diverse chemical composition, offers potential therapeutic benefits due to its anticonvulsive, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. Beyond cannabinoids, cannabis contains terpenes and polyphenols, which synergistically enhance its pharmacological effects. Various administration routes, including vaporization, oral ingestion, sublingual, and rectal, provide flexibility in treatment delivery. This review shows the therapeutic efficacy of cannabis in managing neurological disorders such as epilepsy, neurodegenerative diseases, neurodevelopmental disorders, psychiatric disorders, and painful pathologies. Drawing from surveys, patient studies, and clinical trials, it highlights the potential of cannabis in alleviating symptoms, slowing disease progression, and improving overall quality of life for patients. Understanding the diverse therapeutic mechanisms of cannabis can open up possibilities for using this plant for individual patient needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stasiłowicz-Krzemień
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.-K.)
| | - Wiktoria Nogalska
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.-K.)
| | - Zofia Maszewska
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.-K.)
| | - Mateusz Maleszka
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.-K.)
| | - Maria Dobroń
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.-K.)
| | - Agnieszka Szary
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.-K.)
| | - Aleksandra Kępa
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.-K.)
| | - Marcin Żarowski
- Department of Developmental Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewski 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Hojan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Swięcickiego 6, 61-847 Poznan, Poland;
- Department of Rehabilitation, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Lukowicz
- Department of Rehabilitation, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Konarskiego 13, 05-400 Otwock, Poland;
| | - Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.-K.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Wojska Polskiego 71b, 60-630 Poznan, Poland
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Sun T, Du YY, Zhang YQ, Tian QQ, Li X, Yu JY, Guo YY, Liu QQ, Yang L, Wu YM, Yang Q, Zhao MG. Activation of GPR55 Ameliorates Maternal Separation-Induced Learning and Memory Deficits by Augmenting 5-HT Synthesis in the Dorsal Raphe Nucleus of Juvenile Mice. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:21838-21850. [PMID: 38799363 PMCID: PMC11112691 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Maternal separation (MS) represents a profound early life stressor with enduring impacts on neuronal development and adult cognitive function in both humans and rodents. MS is associated with persistent dysregulations in neurotransmitter systems, including the serotonin (5-HT) pathway, which is pivotal for mood stabilization and stress-coping mechanisms. Although the novel cannabinoid receptor, GPR55, is recognized for its influence on learning and memory, its implications on the function and synaptic dynamics of 5-HT neurons within the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) remain to be elucidated. In this study, we sought to discern the repercussions of GPR55 activation on 5-HT synthesis within the DRN of adult C57BL/6J mice that experienced MS. Concurrently, we analyzed potential alterations in excitatory synaptic transmission, long-term synaptic plasticity, and relevant learning and memory outcomes. Our behavioral assessments indicated a marked amelioration in MS-induced learning and memory deficits following GPR55 activation. In conjunction with this, we noted a substantial decrease in 5-HT levels in the MS model, while GPR55 activation stimulated tryptophan hydroxylase 2 synthesis and fostered the release of 5-HT. Electrophysiological patch-clamp analyses highlighted the ability of GPR55 activation to alleviate MS-induced cognitive deficits by modulating the frequency and magnitude of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents within the DRN. Notably, this cognitive enhancement was underpinned by the phosphorylation of both NMDA and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors. In summary, our findings underscore the capacity of GPR55 to elevate 5-HT synthesis and modify synaptic transmissions within the DRN of juvenile mice, positing GPR55 as a promising therapeutic avenue for ameliorating MS-induced cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Sun
- Precision
Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical
University, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Ya-Ya Du
- Precision
Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical
University, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Zhang
- Department
of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Qin-Qin Tian
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Air Force
Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Xi Li
- Precision
Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical
University, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Jiao-Yan Yu
- Precision
Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical
University, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Yan-Yan Guo
- Precision
Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical
University, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Qing-Qing Liu
- Precision
Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical
University, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Le Yang
- Precision
Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical
University, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Yu-Mei Wu
- Department
of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Air
Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Precision
Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical
University, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Ming-Gao Zhao
- Precision
Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical
University, Xi’an 710038, China
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Borowicz-Reutt K, Czernia J, Krawczyk M. CBD in the Treatment of Epilepsy. Molecules 2024; 29:1981. [PMID: 38731471 PMCID: PMC11085483 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29091981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
It has been several years since highly purified cannabidiol (CBD) was registered as a medication that can be used in children of at least 2 years of age to treat different types of seizures related to Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS), Dravet syndrome (DS), and more recently tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). During this time, 39 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and 13 meta-analyses on the efficacy and safety of CBD treatment have been published. Each of the meta-analyses had its own criteria for the RCTs' inclusion and, therefore, slightly different interpretations of the analyzed data. Each of them contributed in its own way to the understanding of CBD pharmacology, mechanisms of therapeutic action, development of adverse reactions, and drug-drug interactions. Hence, it seemed reasonable to gather the most relevant data in one article and present all the current knowledge on the use of CBD in epilepsy. The results of the 13 meta-analyses presented herein confirmed the effectiveness and safety of CBD in children and adolescents with DREs. In adults, reliable conclusions cannot be drawn due to insufficient data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Borowicz-Reutt
- Independent Unit of Experimental Neuropathophysiology, Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, PL-20-090 Lublin, Poland; (J.C.); (M.K.)
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9
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Moreira FA, de Oliveira ACP, Santos VR, Moraes MFD. Cannabidiol and epilepsy. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 177:135-147. [PMID: 39029983 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) has been investigated as a pharmacological approach for treating a myriad of neurological and psychiatric disorders, the most successful of them being its use as an antiseizure drug (ASD). Indeed, CBD has reached the clinics for the treatment of certain epileptic syndromes. This chapter aims to overview the pharmacology of CBD and its potential mechanisms of action as an ASD. First, we give an outline of the concepts, mechanisms and pharmacology pertaining to the field of study of epilepsy and epileptic seizures. In the second section, we will summarize the effects of CBD as an ASD. Next, we will discuss its potential mechanisms of action to alleviate epileptic seizures, which seem to entail multiple neurotransmitters, receptors and intracellular pathways. Finally, we will conclude and present some limitations and perspectives for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrício A Moreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Antônio C P de Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Victor R Santos
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Márcio F D Moraes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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10
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Devinsky O, Jones NA, Cunningham MO, Jayasekera BAP, Devore S, Whalley BJ. Cannabinoid treatments in epilepsy and seizure disorders. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:591-649. [PMID: 37882730 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00049.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabis has been used to treat convulsions and other disorders since ancient times. In the last few decades, preclinical animal studies and clinical investigations have established the role of cannabidiol (CBD) in treating epilepsy and seizures and support potential therapeutic benefits for cannabinoids in other neurological and psychiatric disorders. Here, we comprehensively review the role of cannabinoids in epilepsy. We briefly review the diverse physiological processes mediating the central nervous system response to cannabinoids, including Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), cannabidiol, and terpenes. Next, we characterize the anti- and proconvulsive effects of cannabinoids from animal studies of acute seizures and chronic epileptogenesis. We then review the clinical literature on using cannabinoids to treat epilepsy, including anecdotal evidence and case studies as well as the more recent randomized controlled clinical trials that led to US Food and Drug Administration approval of CBD for some types of epilepsy. Overall, we seek to evaluate our current understanding of cannabinoids in epilepsy and focus future research on unanswered questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orrin Devinsky
- Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | | | - Mark O Cunningham
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - B Ashan P Jayasekera
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Victoria Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Sasha Devore
- Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States
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11
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Cashen NA, Kloc ML, Pressman D, Liebman SA, Holmes GL. CBD treatment following early life seizures alters orbitofrontal-striatal signaling during adulthood. Epilepsy Behav 2024; 152:109638. [PMID: 38325075 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.109638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a comorbid condition of epilepsy and often adds to the burden of epilepsy. Both OCD and epilepsy are disorders of hyperexcitable circuits. Fronto-striatal circuit dysfunction is implicated in OCD. Prior work in our laboratory has shown that in rat pups following a series of flurothyl-induced early life seizures (ELS) exhibit frontal-lobe dysfunction along with alterations in electrographic temporal coordination between the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and dorsomedial striatum (DMS), circuits implicated in OCD. Here, we studied the effects of ELS in male and female rat pups on OCD-like behaviors as adults using the marble burying test (MBT). Because cannabidiol (CBD) is an effective antiseizure medication and has shown efficacy in the treatment of individuals with OCD, we also randomized rats to CBD or vehicle treatment following ELS to determine if CBD had any effect on OCD-like behaviors. While the flurothyl model of ELS did not induce OCD-like behaviors, as measured in the MBT, ELS did alter neural signaling in structures implicated in OCD and CBD had sex-dependent effects of temporal coordination in a way which suggests it may have a beneficial effect on epilepsy-related OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Cashen
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Michelle L Kloc
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Davi Pressman
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Samuel A Liebman
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Gregory L Holmes
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States.
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Lindsay CM, Bernard KK, Hammond AM, Beckford S, Abel WD, Brown PD, Young LE. Potency trends of cannabis in Jamaica during the period of 2014 to 2020. Drug Test Anal 2024; 16:174-186. [PMID: 37309060 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Reports suggest that cannabis potency has dramatically increased over the last decade in the USA and Europe. Cannabinoids are the terpeno-phenolic compounds found in the cannabis plant and are responsible for its pharmacological activity. The two most prominent cannabinoids are delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9 THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). Cannabis potency is measured not only by the Δ9 THC levels but also by the ratio of Δ9 THC to other non-psychoactive cannabinoids, namely, CBD. Cannabis use was decriminalized in Jamaica in 2015, which opened the gates for the creation of a regulated medical cannabis industry in the country. To date, there is no information available on the potency of cannabis in Jamaica. In this study, the cannabinoid content of Jamaican-grown cannabis was examined over the period 2014-2020. Two hundred ninety-nine herbal cannabis samples were received from 12 parishes across the island, and the levels of the major cannabinoids were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. There was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the median total THC levels of cannabis samples tested between 2014 (1.1%) and 2020 (10.2%). The highest median THC was detected in the central parish of Manchester (21.1%). During the period, THC/CBD ratios increased from 2.1 (2014) to 194.1 (2020), and there was a corresponding increase in the percent freshness of samples (CBN/THC ratios <0.013). The data show that a significant increase in the potency of locally grown cannabis has occurred in Jamaica during the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole M Lindsay
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies (UWI), Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Khalia K Bernard
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies (UWI), Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Amanda M Hammond
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies (UWI), Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Sheldon Beckford
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies (UWI), Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Wendel D Abel
- Department of Community Health and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies (UWI), Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Paul D Brown
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies (UWI), Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Lauriann E Young
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies (UWI), Kingston, Jamaica
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Zhang L, Lin C, Zhu J, He Y, Zhan M, Xia X, Yang N, Yang K, Wang B, Zhong Z, Wang Y, Ding W, Yang Y. Restoring prefrontal cortical excitation-inhibition balance with cannabidiol ameliorates neurobehavioral abnormalities in a mouse model of neurodevelopmental disorders. Neuropharmacology 2023; 240:109715. [PMID: 37716533 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Maternal immune activation (MIA) resulting from viral infections during pregnancy is linked to increased rates of neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring. However, the mechanisms underlying MIA-induced neurobehavioral abnormalities remain unclear. Here, we used a poly (I:C)-induced MIA mouse model to demonstrate the presence of multiple behavioral deficits in male offspring. Through RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), we identified significant upregulation of genes involved in axonogenesis, synaptogenesis, and glutamatergic synaptic neurotransmission in the mPFC of MIA mice. Electrophysiological analyses further revealed an excitatory-inhibitory (E/I) synaptic imbalance in mPFC pyramidal neurons, leading to hyperactivity in this brain region. Cannabidiol (CBD) effectively alleviated the behavioral abnormalities observed in MIA offspring by reducing glutamatergic transmission and enhancing GABAergic neurotransmission of mPFC pyramidal neurons. Activation of GPR55 by lipid lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), an endogenous GPR55 agonist, specifically in the mPFC of healthy animals led to MIA-associated behavioral phenotypes, which CBD could effectively reverse. Moreover, we found that a GPR55 antagonist can mimic CBD's beneficial effects, indicating that CBD's therapeutic effects are mediated via the LPI-GPR55 signaling pathway. Therefore, we identified mPFC as a primary node of a neural network that mediates MIA-induced behavioral abnormalities in offspring. Our work provides insights into the mechanisms underlying the developmental consequences of MIA and identifies CBD as a promising therapeutic approach to alleviate these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Chunqiao Lin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jiushuang Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yan He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Meng Zhan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xiuwen Xia
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Ni Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Kun Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Baojia Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Zhanqion Zhong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yili Wang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Weijun Ding
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Youjun Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Bouma J, Broekhuis JD, van der Horst C, Kumar P, Ligresti A, van der Stelt M, Heitman LH. Dual allosteric and orthosteric pharmacology of synthetic analog cannabidiol-dimethylheptyl, but not cannabidiol, on the cannabinoid CB 2 receptor. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 218:115924. [PMID: 37972874 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Cannabinoid CB2 receptor (CB2R) is a class A G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) involved in a broad spectrum of physiological processes and pathological conditions. For that reason, targeting CB2R might provide therapeutic opportunities in neurodegenerative disorders, neuropathic pain, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. The main components from Cannabis sativa, such as Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), have been therapeutically exploited and synthetically-derived analogs have been generated. One example is cannabidiol-dimethylheptyl (CBD-DMH), which exhibits anti-inflammatory effects. Nevertheless, its pharmacological mechanism of action is not yet fully understood and is hypothesized for multiple targets, including CB2R. The aim of this study was to further investigate the molecular pharmacology of CBD-DMH on CB2R while CBD was taken along as control. These compounds were screened in equilibrium and kinetic radioligand binding studies and various functional assays, including G protein activation, inhibition of cAMP production and ß-arrestin-2 recruitment. In dissociation studies, CBD-DMH allosterically modulated the radioligand binding. Furthermore, CBD-DMH negatively modulated the G protein activation of reference agonists CP55,940, AEA and 2-AG, but not the agonist-induced ß-arrestin-2 recruitment. Nevertheless, CBD-DMH also displayed competitive binding to CB2R and partial agonism on G protein activation, inhibition of cAMP production and ß-arrestin-2 recruitment. CBD did not exhibit such allosteric behavior and only very weakly bound CB2R without activation. This study shows a dual binding mode of CBD-DMH, but not CBD, to CB2R with the suggestion of two different binding sites. Altogether, it encourages further research into this dual mechanism which might provide a new class of molecules targeting CB2R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jara Bouma
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, LACDR, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, the Netherlands
| | - Jeremy D Broekhuis
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, LACDR, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, the Netherlands
| | - Cas van der Horst
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, LACDR, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, the Netherlands
| | - Poulami Kumar
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Italy
| | - Alessia Ligresti
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Italy
| | - Mario van der Stelt
- Department of Molecular Physiology, LIC, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, the Netherlands
| | - Laura H Heitman
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, LACDR, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, the Netherlands.
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Samanta A, Aleman-Zapata A, Agarwal K, Özsezer P, Alonso A, van der Meij J, Rayan A, Navarro-Lobato I, Genzel L. CBD lengthens sleep but shortens ripples and leads to intact simple but worse cumulative memory. iScience 2023; 26:108327. [PMID: 38026151 PMCID: PMC10656268 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is on the rise as over-the-counter medication to treat sleep disturbances, anxiety, pain, and epilepsy due to its action on the excitatory/inhibitory balance in the brain. However, it remains unclear if CBD also leads to adverse effects on memory via changes of sleep macro- and microarchitecture. To investigate the effect of CBD on sleep and memory consolidation, we performed two experiments using the object space task testing for both simple and cumulative memory in rats. We show that oral CBD administration extended the sleep period but changed the properties of rest and non-REM sleep oscillations (delta, spindle, ripples). Specifically, CBD also led to less long (>100 ms) ripples and, consequently, worse cumulative memory consolidation. In contrast, simple memories were not affected. In sum, we can confirm the beneficial effect of CBD on sleep; however, this comes with changes in oscillations that negatively impact memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anumita Samanta
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Postbus 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen
| | - Adrian Aleman-Zapata
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Postbus 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen
| | - Kopal Agarwal
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Postbus 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen
| | - Pelin Özsezer
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Postbus 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen
| | - Alejandra Alonso
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Postbus 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen
| | - Jacqueline van der Meij
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Postbus 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen
| | - Abdelrahman Rayan
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Postbus 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen
| | - Irene Navarro-Lobato
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Postbus 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen
| | - Lisa Genzel
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Postbus 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen
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Leinen ZJ, Mohan R, Premadasa LS, Acharya A, Mohan M, Byrareddy SN. Therapeutic Potential of Cannabis: A Comprehensive Review of Current and Future Applications. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2630. [PMID: 37893004 PMCID: PMC10604755 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Historically, cannabis has been valued for its pain-relieving, anti-inflammatory, and calming properties. Ancient civilizations like the Egyptians, Greeks, and Chinese medicines recognized their therapeutic potential. The discovery of the endocannabinoid system, which interacts with cannabis phytoconstituents, has scientifically explained how cannabis affects the human immune system, including the central nervous system (CNS). This review explores the evolving world of cannabis-based treatments, spotlighting its diverse applications. By researching current research and clinical studies, we probe into how cannabinoids like Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) help to manage conditions ranging from chronic pain, persistent inflammation, cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, and neurological disorders to even viral diseases such as Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV), SARS-CoV-2. and the emerging monkeypox. The long-term recreational use of cannabis can develop into cannabis use disorder (CUD), and therefore, understanding the factors contributing to the development and maintenance of cannabis addiction, including genetic predisposition, neurobiological mechanisms, and environmental influences, will be timely. Shedding light on the adverse impacts of CUD underscores the importance of early intervention, effective treatment approaches, and public health initiatives to address this complex issue in an evolving landscape of cannabis policies and perceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zach J. Leinen
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68182, USA; (Z.J.L.); (R.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Rahul Mohan
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68182, USA; (Z.J.L.); (R.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Lakmini S. Premadasa
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA; (L.S.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Arpan Acharya
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68182, USA; (Z.J.L.); (R.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Mahesh Mohan
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA; (L.S.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Siddappa N. Byrareddy
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68182, USA; (Z.J.L.); (R.M.); (A.A.)
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Wong JC. Cannabidiol Keeps Hippocampal Hyperactivity in Check. Epilepsy Curr 2023; 23:318-320. [PMID: 37901774 PMCID: PMC10601036 DOI: 10.1177/15357597231186917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol Modulates Excitatory-Inhibitory Ratio to Counter Hippocampal Hyperactivity Rosenberg EC, Chamberland S, Bazelot M, Nebet ER, Wang X, McKenzie S, Jain S, Greenhill S, Wilson M, Marley N, Salah A, Bailey S, Patra PH, Rose R, Chenouard N, Sun SD, Jones D, Buzsaki G, Devinsky O, Woodhall G, Scharfman HE, Whalley BJ, Tsein RW. Neuron. 2023;111:1-19. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2023.01.018 Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-euphoric component of cannabis, reduces seizures in multiple forms of pediatric epilepsies, but the mechanism(s) of anti-seizure action remain unclear. In one leading model, CBD acts at glutamatergic axon terminals, blocking the pro-excitatory actions of an endogenous membrane phospholipid, lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), at the G-protein-coupled receptor GPR55. However, the impact of LPI-GPR55 signaling at inhibitory synapses and in epileptogenesis remains underexplored. We found that LPI transiently increased hippocampal CA3-CA1 excitatory presynaptic release probability and evoked synaptic strength in WT mice, while attenuating inhibitory postsynaptic strength by decreasing GABAARg2 and gephyrin puncta. LPI effects at excitatory and inhibitory synapses were eliminated by CBD pre-treatment and absent after GPR55 deletion. Acute pentylenetrazole-induced seizures elevated GPR55 and LPI levels, and chronic lithium-pilocarpine-induced epileptogenesis potentiated LPI’s pro-excitatory effects. We propose that CBD exerts potential anti-seizure effects by blocking LPI’s synaptic effects and dampening hyperexcitability.
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Zhuo Z, Wang Y, Kong H, Fu T. GKLF, a transcriptional activator of Txnip, drives microglia activation in kainic acid-induced murine models of epileptic seizures. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110426. [PMID: 37295029 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a major component of epilepsy. Gut-enriched Kruppel-like factor (GKLF), a transcription factor of Kruppel-like factor family, has been reported to promote microglia activation and mediate neuroinflammation. However, the role of GKLF in epilepsy remains poorly characterized. This study focused on the function of GKLF in neuron loss and neuroinflammation in epilepsy and the molecular mechanism underlying microglia activation induced by GKLF upon lipopolysaccharides (LPS) treatment. An experimental epileptic model was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of 25 mg/kg kainic acid (KA). Lentivirus vectors (Lv) carrying Gklf CDS or short hairpin RNA targeting Gklf (shGKLF) was injected into the hippocampus, resulting in Gklf overexpression or knockdown in the hippocampus. BV-2 cells were co-infected with Lv-shGKLF or/and Lv carrying thioredoxin interacting protein (Txnip) CDS for 48 h and treated with 1 μg/mL LPS for 24 h. Results showed that GKLF enhanced KA-induced neuronal loss, pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, activation of NOD-like receptor protein-3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes and microglia, and TXNIP expression in the hippocampus. GKLF inhibition showed negative effects on LPS-induced microglia activation, as evidenced by reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes. GKLF bound to Txnip promoter and increased TXNIP expression in LPS-activated microglia. Interestingly, Txnip overexpression reversed the inhibitory effect of Gklf knockdown on microglia activation. These findings indicated that GKLF was involved in microglia activation via TXNIP. This study demonstrates the underlying mechanism of GKLF in the pathogenesis of epilepsy and uncovers that GKLF inhibition may be a therapeutic strategy for epilepsy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Zhuo
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Huimin Kong
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Tianjiao Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
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Bosquez-Berger T, Gudorf JA, Kuntz CP, Desmond JA, Schlebach JP, VanNieuwenhze MS, Straiker A. Structure-Activity Relationship Study of Cannabidiol-Based Analogs as Negative Allosteric Modulators of the μ-Opioid Receptor. J Med Chem 2023; 66:9466-9494. [PMID: 37437224 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The US faces an unprecedented surge in fatal drug overdoses. Naloxone, the only antidote for opiate overdose, competes at the mu opioid receptor (μOR) orthosteric site. Naloxone struggles against fentanyl-class synthetic opioids that now cause ∼80% of deaths. Negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) targeting secondary sites may noncompetitively downregulate μOR activation. (-)-Cannabidiol ((-)-CBD) is a candidate μOR NAM. To explore its therapeutic potential, we evaluated the structure-activity relationships among CBD analogs to identify NAMs with increased potency. Using a cyclic AMP assay, we characterize reversal of μOR activation by 15 CBD analogs, several of which proved more potent than (-)-CBD. Comparative docking investigations suggest that potent compounds interact with a putative allosteric pocket to stabilize the inactive μOR conformation. Finally, these compounds enhance naloxone displacement of fentanyl from the orthosteric site. Our results suggest that CBD analogs offer considerable potential for the development of next-generation antidotes for opioid overdose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taryn Bosquez-Berger
- Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Jessica A Gudorf
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Charles P Kuntz
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Jacob A Desmond
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Jonathan P Schlebach
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | | | - Alex Straiker
- Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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