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Tervi A, Ramste M, Abner E, Cheng P, Lane JM, Maher M, Valliere J, Lammi V, Strausz S, Riikonen J, Nguyen T, Martyn GE, Sheth MU, Xia F, Docampo ML, Gu W, Esko T, Saxena R, Pirinen M, Palotie A, Ripatti S, Sinnott-Armstrong N, Daly M, Engreitz JM, Rabinovitch M, Heckman CA, Quertermous T, Jones SE, Ollila HM. Genetic and functional analysis of Raynaud's syndrome implicates loci in vasculature and immunity. CELL GENOMICS 2024:100630. [PMID: 39142284 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2024.100630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Raynaud's syndrome is a dysautonomia where exposure to cold causes vasoconstriction and hypoxia, particularly in the extremities. We performed meta-analysis in four cohorts and discovered eight loci (ADRA2A, IRX1, NOS3, ACVR2A, TMEM51, PCDH10-DT, HLA, and RAB6C) where ADRA2A, ACVR2A, NOS3, TMEM51, and IRX1 co-localized with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs), particularly in distal arteries. CRISPR gene editing further showed that ADRA2A and NOS3 loci modified gene expression and in situ RNAscope clarified the specificity of ADRA2A in small vessels and IRX1 around small capillaries in the skin. A functional contraction assay in the cold showed lower contraction in ADRA2A-deficient and higher contraction in ADRA2A-overexpressing smooth muscle cells. Overall, our study highlights the power of genome-wide association testing with functional follow-up as a method to understand complex diseases. The results indicate temperature-dependent adrenergic signaling through ADRA2A, effects at the microvasculature by IRX1, endothelial signaling by NOS3, and immune mechanisms by the HLA locus in Raynaud's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anniina Tervi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, Helsinki Institute of Life Science - HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Markus Ramste
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Erik Abner
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Paul Cheng
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Lane
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthew Maher
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jesse Valliere
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vilma Lammi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, Helsinki Institute of Life Science - HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Strausz
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, Helsinki Institute of Life Science - HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Riikonen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, Helsinki Institute of Life Science - HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Trieu Nguyen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gabriella E Martyn
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Basic Science and Engineering Initiative, Stanford Children's Health, Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Maya U Sheth
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Basic Science and Engineering Initiative, Stanford Children's Health, Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Basic Science and Engineering Initiative, Stanford Children's Health, Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mauro Lago Docampo
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Children's Health Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wenduo Gu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Richa Saxena
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matti Pirinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, Helsinki Institute of Life Science - HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, Helsinki Institute of Life Science - HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, Helsinki Institute of Life Science - HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nasa Sinnott-Armstrong
- Herbold Computational Biology Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutch, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mark Daly
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, Helsinki Institute of Life Science - HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jesse M Engreitz
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Basic Science and Engineering Initiative, Stanford Children's Health, Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Stanford, CA, USA; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Gene Regulation Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marlene Rabinovitch
- Stanford Children's Health Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Caroline A Heckman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, Helsinki Institute of Life Science - HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Samuel E Jones
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, Helsinki Institute of Life Science - HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna M Ollila
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, Helsinki Institute of Life Science - HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Pešić D, Đukić MM, Stanojević I, Živkovć V, Bolevich S, Bolevich S, Jakovljević V. Cardiorespiratory fitness mediates cortisol and lactate responses to winter and summer marches. J Med Biochem 2024; 43:72-85. [PMID: 38496029 PMCID: PMC10943469 DOI: 10.5937/jomb0-44369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The influence of homeostatically regulated physiological processes, including cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max), on the response to physical stressors such as acclimatisation and marching, remains understudied. We aimed to investigate the effects of summer and winter acclimatisation and marching on cortisol levels and blood lactate, to gain insight into the role of these physiological processes in the stress response. Methods Two groups of young Europeans, classified as poor (PCF; n=9) and good physical condition (GCF; n=21), based on a VO2MAX threshold of 40 mL O2/ kg/min, underwent 2-h March (6-7 km/h) in winter (5˚C) and summer (32˚C). Commercial tests, UniCel DxI Access Cortisol assay and EKF Biosen Clinic/GP assay were used for cortisol and lactate blood measurements (morning samples and those taken immediately after marches), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniel Pešić
- Military Medical Academy, Institute of Hygiene, Department of Exercise Physiology, Belgrade
| | - Mirjana M. Đukić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Belgrade
| | - Ivan Stanojević
- Military Medical Academy, Institute of Medical Research, Belgrade
| | - Vladimir Živkovć
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, Kragujevac
| | - Sergey Bolevich
- First Moscow State Medical University I. M. Sechenov, Department of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Stefani Bolevich
- First Moscow State Medical University I. M. Sechenov, Department of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Jakovljević
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, Kragujevac
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Val-Blasco A, Navarro-García JA, Tamayo M, Piedras MJ, Prieto P, Delgado C, Ruiz-Hurtado G, Rozas-Romero L, Gil-Fernández M, Zaragoza C, Boscá L, Fernández-Velasco M. Deficiency of NOD1 Improves the β-Adrenergic Modulation of Ca 2+ Handling in a Mouse Model of Heart Failure. Front Physiol 2018; 9:702. [PMID: 29962957 PMCID: PMC6010671 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a complex syndrome characterized by cardiac dysfunction, Ca2+ mishandling, and chronic activation of the innate immune system. Reduced cardiac output in HF leads to compensatory mechanisms via activation of the adrenergic nervous system. In turn, chronic adrenergic overstimulation induces pro-arrhythmic events, increasing the rate of sudden death in failing patients. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 (NOD1) is an innate immune modulator that plays a key role in HF progression. NOD1 deficiency in mice prevents Ca2+ mishandling in HF under basal conditions, but its role during β-adrenergic stimulation remains unknown. Here, we evaluated whether NOD1 regulates the β-adrenergic modulation of Ca2+ signaling in HF. Ca2+ dynamics were examined before and after isoproterenol perfusion in cardiomyocytes isolated from healthy and from post-myocardial infarction (PMI) wild-type (WT) and Nod1-/- mice. Isoproterenol administration induced similar effects on intracellular [Ca2+]i transients, cell contraction, and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)-Ca2+ load in healthy WT and Nod1-/- cells. However, compared with WT-PMI cells, isoproterenol exposure induced a significant increase in the [Ca2+]i transients and cell contraction parameters in Nod1-/--PMI cells, which mainly due to an increase in SR-Ca2+ load. NOD1 deficiency also prevented the increase in diastolic Ca2+ leak (Ca2+ waves) induced by isoproterenol in PMI cells. mRNA levels of β1 and β2 adrenergic receptors were significantly higher in Nod1-/--PMI hearts vs WT-PMI hearts. Healthy cardiomyocytes pre-treated with the selective agonist of NOD1, iE-DAP, and perfused with isoproterenol showed diminished [Ca2+]i transients amplitude, cell contraction, and SR-Ca2+ load compared with vehicle-treated cells. iE-DAP-treated cells also presented increased diastolic Ca2+ leak under β-adrenergic stimulation. The selectivity of iE-DAP on Ca2+ handling was validated by pre-treatment with the inactive analog of NOD1, iE-Lys. Overall, our data establish that NOD1 deficiency improves the β-adrenergic modulation of Ca2+ handling in failing hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Val-Blasco
- Innate Immune Response Group, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose A. Navarro-García
- Cardiorenal Translational Laboratory and Hypertension Unit, Institute of Research i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Tamayo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria J. Piedras
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Francisco de Vitoria University (UFV), Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Patricia Prieto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Delgado
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Ruiz-Hurtado
- Cardiorenal Translational Laboratory and Hypertension Unit, Institute of Research i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Rozas-Romero
- Innate Immune Response Group, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Gil-Fernández
- Innate Immune Response Group, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Zaragoza
- Unidad de Investigación Cardiovascular, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Fernández-Velasco
- Innate Immune Response Group, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: María Fernández-Velasco, ;
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Zhang F, Gannon M, Chen Y, Zhou L, Jiao K, Wang Q. The amyloid precursor protein modulates α 2A-adrenergic receptor endocytosis and signaling through disrupting arrestin 3 recruitment. FASEB J 2017. [PMID: 28646018 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700346r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The amyloid precursor protein (APP) has long been appreciated for its role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. However, less is known about the physiologic function of APP outside of AD. Particularly, whether and how APP may regulate functions of cell surface receptors, including GPCRs, remains largely unclear. In this study, we identified a novel direct interaction between APP and the α2A-adrenergic receptor (α2AAR) that occurs at the intracellular domains of both proteins. The APP interaction with α2AAR is promoted by agonist stimulation and competes with arrestin 3 binding to the receptor. Consequently, the presence of APP attenuates α2AAR internalization and desensitization, which are arrestin-dependent processes. Furthermore, in neuroblastoma neuro-2A cells and primary superior cervical ganglion neurons, where APP is highly expressed, the lack of APP leads to a dramatic increase in plasma membrane recruitment of endogenous arrestin 3 following α2AAR activation. Concomitantly, agonist-induced internalization of α2AAR is significantly enhanced in these neuronal cells. Our study provided the first evidence that APP fine tunes GPCR signaling and trafficking. Given the important role of α2AAR in controlling norepinephrine release and response, this novel regulation of α2AAR by APP may have an impact on modulation of noradrenergic activity and sympathetic tone.-Zhang, F., Gannon, M., Chen, Y., Zhou, L., Jiao, K., Wang, Q. The amyloid precursor protein modulates α2A-adrenergic receptor endocytosis and signaling through disrupting arrestin 3 recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhang
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Mary Gannon
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yunjia Chen
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Lufang Zhou
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Kai Jiao
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA;
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Stress Hormones Epinephrine and Corticosterone Selectively Modulate Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2 Productive Infections in Adult Sympathetic, but Not Sensory, Neurons. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.00582-17. [PMID: 28404850 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00582-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) infect and establish latency in peripheral neurons, from which they can reactivate to cause recurrent disease throughout the life of the host. Stress is associated with the exacerbation of clinical symptoms and the induction of recurrences in humans and animal models. The viruses preferentially replicate and establish latency in different subtypes of sensory neurons, as well as in neurons of the autonomic nervous system that are highly responsive to stress hormones. To determine if stress-related hormones modulate productive HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections within sensory and autonomic neurons, we analyzed viral DNA and the production of viral progeny after treatment of primary adult murine neuronal cultures with the stress hormones epinephrine and corticosterone. Both sensory trigeminal ganglion (TG) and sympathetic superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons expressed adrenergic receptors (activated by epinephrine) and the glucocorticoid receptor (activated by corticosterone). Productive HSV infection colocalized with these receptors in SCG but not in TG neurons. In productively infected neuronal cultures, epinephrine treatment significantly increased the levels of HSV-1 DNA replication and production of viral progeny in SCG neurons, but no significant differences were found in TG neurons. In contrast, corticosterone significantly decreased the levels of HSV-2 DNA replication and production of viral progeny in SCG neurons but not in TG neurons. Thus, the stress-related hormones epinephrine and corticosterone selectively modulate acute HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections in autonomic, but not sensory, neurons.IMPORTANCE Stress exacerbates acute disease symptoms resulting from HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections and is associated with the appearance of recurrent skin lesions in millions of people. Although stress hormones are thought to impact HSV-1 and HSV-2 through immune system suppression, sensory and autonomic neurons that become infected by HSV-1 and HSV-2 express stress hormone receptors and are responsive to hormone fluctuations. Our results show that autonomic neurons are more responsive to epinephrine and corticosterone than are sensory neurons, demonstrating that the autonomic nervous system plays a substantial role in HSV pathogenesis. Furthermore, these results suggest that stress responses have the potential to differentially impact HSV-1 and HSV-2 so as to produce divergent outcomes of infection.
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Hara M, Zhou ZY, Hemmings HC. α2-Adrenergic Receptor and Isoflurane Modulation of Presynaptic Ca2+ Influx and Exocytosis in Hippocampal Neurons. Anesthesiology 2016; 125:535-46. [PMID: 27337223 PMCID: PMC4988866 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000001213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence indicates that the anesthetic-sparing effects of α2-adrenergic receptor (AR) agonists involve α2A-AR heteroreceptors on nonadrenergic neurons. Since volatile anesthetics inhibit neurotransmitter release by reducing synaptic vesicle (SV) exocytosis, the authors hypothesized that α2-AR agonists inhibit nonadrenergic SV exocytosis and thereby potentiate presynaptic inhibition of exocytosis by isoflurane. METHODS Quantitative imaging of fluorescent biosensors of action potential-evoked SV exocytosis (synaptophysin-pHluorin) and Ca influx (GCaMP6) were used to characterize presynaptic actions of the clinically used α2-AR agonists dexmedetomidine and clonidine, and their interaction with isoflurane, in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. RESULTS Dexmedetomidine (0.1 μM, n = 10) or clonidine (0.5 μM, n = 8) inhibited action potential-evoked exocytosis (54 ± 5% and 59 ± 8% of control, respectively; P < 0.001). Effects on exocytosis were blocked by the subtype-nonselective α2-AR antagonist atipamezole or the α2A-AR-selective antagonist BRL 44408 but not by the α2C-AR-selective antagonist JP 1302. Dexmedetomidine inhibited exocytosis and presynaptic Ca influx without affecting Ca coupling to exocytosis, consistent with an effect upstream of Ca-exocytosis coupling. Exocytosis coupled to both N-type and P/Q-type Ca channels was inhibited by dexmedetomidine or clonidine. Dexmedetomidine potentiated inhibition of exocytosis by 0.7 mM isoflurane (to 42 ± 5%, compared to 63 ± 8% for isoflurane alone; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Hippocampal SV exocytosis is inhibited by α2A-AR activation in proportion to reduced Ca entry. These effects are additive with those of isoflurane, consistent with a role for α2A-AR presynaptic heteroreceptor inhibition of nonadrenergic synaptic transmission in the anesthetic-sparing effects of α2A-AR agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Hara
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Zhen-Yu Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hugh C. Hemmings
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Hunter D, Chai C, Barr GA. Effects of COX inhibition and LPS on formalin induced pain in the infant rat. Dev Neurobiol 2014; 75:1068-79. [PMID: 25205468 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the adult, immune and neural processes jointly modulate pain. During development, both are in transition and little is known about the role that the immune system plays in pain processing in infants and children. The objective of this study was to determine if inhibition or augmentation of the immune system would alter pain processing in the infant rat, as it does in the adult. In Experiment 1, rat pups aged 3, 10, or 21 (PN3, PN10, and PN21) days of age were pretreated with NS398 (selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor) or SC560 (selective COX-1 inhibitor) and tested in the intraplantar formalin test to assess effects of COX inhibition on nociception. Neither drug had an effect on the behavioral response at PN3 or PN10 pups but both drugs attenuated nociceptive scores in PN21 pups. cFos expression in the spinal cord likewise was reduced only at PN21. In Experiment 2, pups were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) prior to the formalin test at PN3 or PN21. LPS increased the nociceptive response more robustly at PN21 than at PN3, while increasing cytokine mRNA equally at both ages. The augmentation of pain responding at PN21 was largely during the late stages of the formalin test, as reported in the adult. These data support previous findings demonstrating late maturing immune modulation of nociceptive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirtra Hunter
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York
| | - Christina Chai
- Department of Psychology, Mercy College, Dobbs Ferry, New York, 10522
| | - Gordon A Barr
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York
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Common α2A and α2C adrenergic receptor polymorphisms do not affect plasma membrane trafficking. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2014; 387:569-579. [PMID: 24643471 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-014-0972-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Various naturally occurring polymorphic forms of human G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been identified and linked to diverse pathological diseases, including receptors for vasopressin type 2 (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus) and gonadotropin releasing hormone (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism). In most cases, polymorphic amino acid mutations disrupt protein folding, altering receptor function as well as plasma membrane expression. Other pathological GPCR variants have been found that do not alter receptor function, but instead affect only plasma membrane trafficking (e.g., delta opiate and histamine type 1 receptors). Thus, altered membrane trafficking with retained receptor function may be another mechanism causing polymorphic GPCR dysfunction. Two common human α2A and α2C adrenergic receptor (AR) variants have been identified (α2A N251K and α2C Δ322-325 ARs), but pharmacological analysis of ligand binding and second messenger signaling has not consistently demonstrated altered receptor function. However, possible alterations in plasma membrane trafficking have not been investigated. We utilized a systematic approach previously developed for the study of GPCR trafficking motifs and accessory proteins to assess whether these α2 AR variants affected intracellular trafficking or plasma membrane expression. By combining immunofluorescent microscopy, glycosidic processing analysis, and quantitative fluorescent-activated cell sorting (FACS), we demonstrate that neither variant receptor had altered intracellular localization, glycosylation, nor plasma membrane expression compared to wild-type α2 ARs. Therefore, pathopharmacological properties of α2A N251K and α2C Δ322-325 ARs do not appear to be due to altered receptor pharmacology or plasma membrane trafficking, but may involve interactions with other intracellular signaling cascades or proteins.
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REEP1 and REEP2 proteins are preferentially expressed in neuronal and neuronal-like exocytotic tissues. Brain Res 2013; 1545:12-22. [PMID: 24355597 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The six members of the Receptor Expression Enhancing Protein (REEP) family were originally identified based on their ability to enhance heterologous expression of olfactory receptors and other difficult to express G protein-coupled receptors. Interestingly, REEP1 mutations have been linked to neurodegenerative disorders of upper and lower motor neurons, hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) and distal hereditary motor neuropathy type V (dHMN-V). The closely related REEP2 isoform has not demonstrated any such disease linkage. Previous research has suggested that REEP1 mRNA is ubiquitously expressed in brain, muscle, endocrine, and multiple other organs, inconsistent with the neurodegenerative phenotype observed in HSP and dHMN-V. To more fully examine REEP1 expression, we developed and characterized a new REEP1 monoclonal antibody for both immunoblotting and immunofluorescent microscopic analysis. Unlike previous RT-PCR studies, immunoblotting demonstrated that REEP1 protein was not ubiquitous; its expression was restricted to neuronal tissues (brain, spinal cord) and testes. Gene expression microarray analysis demonstrated REEP1 and REEP2 mRNA expression in superior cervical and stellate sympathetic ganglia tissue. Furthermore, expression of endogenous REEP1 was confirmed in cultured murine sympathetic ganglion neurons by RT-PCR and immunofluorescent staining, with expression occurring between Day 4 and Day 8 of culture. Lastly, we demonstrated that REEP2 protein expression was also restricted to neuronal tissues (brain and spinal cord) and tissues that exhibit neuronal-like exocytosis (testes, pituitary, and adrenal gland). In addition to sensory tissues, expression of the REEP1/REEP2 subfamily appears to be restricted to neuronal and neuronal-like exocytotic tissues, consistent with neuronally restricted symptoms of REEP1 genetic disorders.
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Björk S, Hurt CM, Ho VK, Angelotti T. REEPs are membrane shaping adapter proteins that modulate specific g protein-coupled receptor trafficking by affecting ER cargo capacity. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76366. [PMID: 24098485 PMCID: PMC3788743 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor expression enhancing proteins (REEPs) were identified by their ability to enhance cell surface expression of a subset of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), specifically GPCRs that have proven difficult to express in heterologous cell systems. Further analysis revealed that they belong to the Yip (Ypt-interacting protein) family and that some REEP subtypes affect ER structure. Yip family comparisons have established other potential roles for REEPs, including regulation of ER-Golgi transport and processing/neuronal localization of cargo proteins. However, these other potential REEP functions and the mechanism by which they selectively enhance GPCR cell surface expression have not been clarified. By utilizing several REEP family members (REEP1, REEP2, and REEP6) and model GPCRs (α2A and α2C adrenergic receptors), we examined REEP regulation of GPCR plasma membrane expression, intracellular processing, and trafficking. Using a combination of immunolocalization and biochemical methods, we demonstrated that this REEP subset is localized primarily to ER, but not plasma membranes. Single cell analysis demonstrated that these REEPs do not specifically enhance surface expression of all GPCRs, but affect ER cargo capacity of specific GPCRs and thus their surface expression. REEP co-expression with α2 adrenergic receptors (ARs) revealed that this REEP subset interacts with and alter glycosidic processing of α2C, but not α2A ARs, demonstrating selective interaction with cargo proteins. Specifically, these REEPs enhanced expression of and interacted with minimally/non-glycosylated forms of α2C ARs. Most importantly, expression of a mutant REEP1 allele (hereditary spastic paraplegia SPG31) lacking the carboxyl terminus led to loss of this interaction. Thus specific REEP isoforms have additional intracellular functions besides altering ER structure, such as enhancing ER cargo capacity, regulating ER-Golgi processing, and interacting with select cargo proteins. Therefore, some REEPs can be further described as ER membrane shaping adapter proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Björk
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Anesthesia/CCM, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Carl M. Hurt
- Department of Anesthesia/CCM, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Vincent K. Ho
- Department of Anesthesia/CCM, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Timothy Angelotti
- Department of Anesthesia/CCM, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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11
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Cottingham C, Lu R, Jiao K, Wang Q. Cross-talk from β-adrenergic receptors modulates α2A-adrenergic receptor endocytosis in sympathetic neurons via protein kinase A and spinophilin. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:29193-205. [PMID: 23965992 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.469494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Inter-regulation of adrenergic receptors (ARs) via cross-talk is a long appreciated but mechanistically unclear physiological phenomenon. Evidence from the AR literature and our own extensive studies on regulation of α2AARs by the scaffolding protein spinophilin have illuminated a potential novel mechanism for cross-talk from β to α2ARs. In the present study, we have characterized a mode of endogenous AR cross-talk in native adrenergic neurons whereby canonical βAR-mediated signaling modulates spinophilin-regulated α2AAR endocytosis through PKA. Our findings demonstrate that co-activation of β and α2AARs, either by application of endogenous agonist or by simultaneous stimulation with distinct selective agonists, results in acceleration of endogenous α2AAR endocytosis in native neurons. We show that receptor-independent PKA activation by forskolin is sufficient to accelerate α2AAR endocytosis and that α2AAR stimulation alone drives accelerated endocytosis in spinophilin-null neurons. Endocytic response acceleration by β/α2AAR co-activation is blocked by PKA inhibition and lost in spinophilin-null neurons, consistent with our previous finding that spinophilin is a substrate for phosphorylation by PKA that disrupts its interaction with α2AARs. Importantly, we show that α2AR agonist-mediated α2AAR/spinophilin interaction is blocked by βAR co-activation in a PKA-dependent fashion. We therefore propose a novel mechanism for cross-talk from β to α2ARs, whereby canonical βAR-mediated signaling coupled to PKA activation results in phosphorylation of spinophilin, disrupting its interaction with α2AARs and accelerating α2AAR endocytic responses. This mechanism of cross-talk has significant implications for endogenous adrenergic physiology and for therapeutic targeting of β and α2AARs.
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12
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Takeuchi A, Shimba K, Mori M, Takayama Y, Moriguchi H, Kotani K, Lee JK, Noshiro M, Jimbo Y. Sympathetic neurons modulate the beat rate of pluripotent cell-derived cardiomyocytes in vitro. Integr Biol (Camb) 2013; 4:1532-9. [PMID: 23080484 DOI: 10.1039/c2ib20060k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes have great potential for the therapy of heart failure, it is unclear whether their function after grafting can be controlled by the host sympathetic nervous system, a component of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Here we demonstrate the formation of functional connections between rat sympathetic superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons and pluripotent (P19.CL6) cell-derived cardiomyocytes (P19CMs) in compartmentalized co-culture, achieved using photolithographic microfabrication techniques. Formation of synapses between sympathetic neurons and P19CMs was confirmed by immunostaining with antibodies against β-3 tubulin, synapsin I and cardiac troponin-I. Changes in the beat rate of P19CMs were triggered after electrical stimulation of the co-cultured SCG neurons, and were affected by the pulse frequency of the electrical stimulation. Such changes in the beat rate were prevented when propranolol, a β-adrenoreceptor antagonist, was added to the culture medium. These results suggest that the beat rate of differentiated cardiomyocytes can be modulated by electrical stimulation of connected sympathetic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akimasa Takeuchi
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha 5-1-5, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.
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13
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Hurt CM, Ho VK, Angelotti T. Systematic and quantitative analysis of G protein-coupled receptor trafficking motifs. Methods Enzymol 2013; 521:171-87. [PMID: 23351739 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-391862-8.00009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Plasma membrane expression of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is a dynamic process balancing anterograde and retrograde trafficking. Multiple interrelated cellular processes determine the final level of cell surface expression, including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) export/retention, receptor internalization, recycling, and degradation. These processes are highly regulated to achieve specific localization to subcellular domains (e.g., dendrites or basolateral membranes) and to affect receptor signaling. Analysis of potential ER trafficking motifs within GPCRs requires careful consideration of intracellular dynamics, such as protein folding, ER export and retention, and glycosylation. This chapter presents an approach and methods for qualitative and quantitative assessment of these processes to aid in accurate identification of GPCR trafficking motifs, utilizing the analysis of a hydrophobic extracellular trafficking motif in α2C adrenergic receptors as a model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl M Hurt
- Department of Anesthesia/CCM, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, California, USA
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14
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Cai J, Li J, Liu W, Han Y, Wang H. Alpha2-adrenergic receptors in spiral ganglion neurons may mediate protective effects of brimonidine and yohimbine against glutamate and hydrogen peroxide toxicity. Neuroscience 2013; 228:23-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 09/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Cottingham C, Wang Q. α2 adrenergic receptor dysregulation in depressive disorders: implications for the neurobiology of depression and antidepressant therapy. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2012; 36:2214-25. [PMID: 22910678 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction in noradrenergic neurotransmission has long been theorized to occur in depressive disorders. The α2 adrenergic receptor (AR) family, as a group of key players in regulating the noradrenergic system, has been investigated for involvement in the neurobiology of depression and mechanisms of antidepressant therapies. However, a clear picture of the α2ARs in depressive disorders has not been established due to the existence of apparently conflicting findings in the literature. In this article, we report that a careful accounting of methodological differences within the literature can resolve the present lack of consensus on involvement of α2ARs in depression. In particular, the pharmacological properties of the radioligand (e.g. agonist versus antagonist) utilized for determining receptor density are crucial in determining study outcome. Upregulation of α2AR density detected by radiolabeled agonists but not by antagonists in patients with depressive disorders suggests a selective increase in the density of high-affinity conformational state α2ARs, which is indicative of enhanced G protein coupling to the receptor. Importantly, this high-affinity state α2AR upregulation can be normalized with antidepressant treatments. Thus, depressive disorders appear to be associated with increased α2AR sensitivity and responsiveness, which may represent a physiological basis for the putative noradrenergic dysfunction in depressive disorders. In addition, we review changes in some key α2AR accessory proteins in depressive disorders and discuss their potential contribution to α2AR dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Cottingham
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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16
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Takeuchi A, Mori M, Kitagawa K, Shimba K, Takayama Y, Moriguchi H, Miwa K, Kotani K, Lee JK, Noshiro M, Jimbo Y. Autonomic nervous system driven cardiomyocytes in vitro. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2012; 2011:1945-8. [PMID: 22254713 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2011.6090549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Rat superior cervical ganglia (SCG), which are sympathetic ganglia, neurons and ventricular myocytes (VMs) were co-cultured separately in a minichamber placed on a microelectrode-array (MEA) substrate. The minichamber was fabricated photolithographically and had 2 compartments, 16 microcompartments and 8 microconduits. The SCG neurons were seeded into one of the compartments and all of the microcompartments using a glass pipette controlled by a micromanipulator and a microinjector. The VMs were seeded into the other compartment. Three days after seeding of the VMs, the neurites of the SCG neurons had connected with the VMs via the microconduits. Electrical stimulations, trains of biphasic square pulses, were applied to the SCG neurons in the microcompartments using 16 electrodes. Evoked responses were observed in several electrodes while electrical stimulation was applied to the SCG neurons. According to the two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), the beat rate after electrical stimulation was affected by the frequency and the number of the stimulation pulses. These results suggest that pulse number and the frequency of the electrical stimulation contribute to modulation of the beat rate of the cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akimasa Takeuchi
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8563, Japan.
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17
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Brum P, Bacurau A, Medeiros A, Ferreira J, Vanzelli A, Negrão C. Aerobic exercise training in heart failure: impact on sympathetic hyperactivity and cardiac and skeletal muscle function. Braz J Med Biol Res 2011; 44:827-35. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2011007500075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A. Medeiros
- Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brasil
| | | | | | - C.E. Negrão
- Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil; Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil
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18
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Xing Y, Chen X, Liu Z, Li H, Liu H, Li Z. Effects of Alpha 1- and Alpha 2-Adrenoreceptor Stimulation on Galanin mRNA Expression in Primary Cultured Superior Cervical Ganglion Neurons. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2011. [DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2011.19.3.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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19
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Takeuchi A, Nakafutami S, Tani H, Mori M, Takayama Y, Moriguchi H, Kotani K, Miwa K, Lee JK, Noshiro M, Jimbo Y. Device for co-culture of sympathetic neurons and cardiomyocytes using microfabrication. LAB ON A CHIP 2011; 11:2268-2275. [PMID: 21566854 DOI: 10.1039/c0lc00327a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Rat superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons and ventricular myocytes (VMs) were co-cultured separately in a minichamber placed on a microelectrode-array (MEA) substrate. The minichamber, fabricated photolithographically using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), had 2 compartments, 16 microcompartments and 8 microconduits. The SCG neurons were seeded into one of the compartments and all of the microcompartments using a glass pipette controlled by a micromanipulator and a microinjector. The VMs were seeded into the other compartment. Three days after seeding of the VMs, the SCG neurons were still confined to one compartment and all of the microcompartments, and the neurites of the SCG neurons had connected with the VMs via the microconduits. Constant-voltage stimulation, using a train of biphasic square pulses (1 ms at +1 V, followed by -1 ms at 1 V), was applied to the SCG neurons in the microcompartments using 16 electrodes. Evoked responses were observed in several electrodes while electrical stimulation was applied to the SCG neurons. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the frequency of the stimulation pulses had significant effects in increasing the beat rate of the VMs, and that the interaction between the frequency and the number of the pulses also had a significant effect on the ratio. No significant increases in the beat rate were observed when propranolol, a β-adrenergic receptor antagonist, was added to the culture medium. These results suggest that synaptic pathways were formed between the SCG neurons and the VMs, and that this co-culture device can be utilized for studies of network-level interactions between sympathetic neurons and cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akimasa Takeuchi
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha 5-1-5, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8563, Japan.
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20
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Chotani MA, Flavahan NA. Intracellular α(2C)-adrenoceptors: storage depot, stunted development or signaling domain? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2011; 1813:1495-503. [PMID: 21605601 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Revised: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are generally considered to function as cell surface signaling structures that respond to extracellular mediators, many of which do not readily access the cell's interior. Indeed, most GPCRs are preferentially targeted to the plasma membrane. However, some receptors, including α(2C)-Adrenoceptors, challenge conventional concepts of GPCR activity by being preferentially retained and localized within intracellular organelles. This review will address the issues associated with this unusual GPCR localization and discuss whether it represents a novel sub-cellular niche for GPCR signaling, whether these receptors are being stored for rapid deployment to the cell surface, or whether they represent immature or incomplete receptor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maqsood A Chotani
- Center for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
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21
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Winder-Rhodes SE, Chamberlain SR, Idris MI, Robbins TW, Sahakian BJ, Müller U. Effects of modafinil and prazosin on cognitive and physiological functions in healthy volunteers. J Psychopharmacol 2010; 24:1649-57. [PMID: 19493958 DOI: 10.1177/0269881109105899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated cognitive-enhancing effects of modafinil in humans and generated evidence for its therapeutic potential in psychiatric disorders. The neurochemical basis of these effects remains unresolved although a role for α1-adrenoceptors has been hypothesised. In this within-subject, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 12 healthy male adults received modafinil (300 mg), the α1-adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin (3 mg), both together and placebo on separate occasions at least 5 days apart. Cognitive effects were assessed using a well-validated testing battery focusing on executive and working memory functions. Blood pressure, heart rate and salivary α-amylase (sAA) were measured at hourly intervals. Cognitive effects of modafinil and prazosin were identified at the difficult levels of the One-Touch Stockings of Cambridge (OTSOC) planning task. Prazosin antagonized the error-reducing effect of modafinil when the agents were given together. In contrast, the combined agents acted synergistically to increase time taken to complete OTSOC problems compared with placebo. The tachycardic and sAA-elevating effects of prazosin were also potentiated by concurrent modafinil administration. The current data suggest that the cognitive effects of modafinil on performance accuracy and latency are dissociable in terms of their neurochemical mechanisms. Our findings support the hypothesised involvement of α1-adrenoceptors in some of the cognitive-enhancing effects of modafinil and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Winder-Rhodes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
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22
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Tamagaki S, Suzuki T, Hagihira S, Hayashi Y, Mashimo T. Systemic daily morphine enhances the analgesic effect of intrathecal dexmedetomidine via up-regulation of alpha 2 adrenergic receptor subtypes A, B and C in dorsal root ganglion and dorsal horn. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 62:1760-7. [PMID: 21054403 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2010.01192.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It has been reported that the effect of intrathecally administered α2 adrenergic receptor (α2 AR) agonists is enhanced in mice that are chronically tolerant to systemic morphine. However, contributory factors have not been identified. Here we examined whether repeated systemic morphine affected the analgesic potency of intrathecal dexmedetomidine and the expression of subtype A, B and C α2 AR (α2A, α2B and α2C AR) in the dorsal root ganglion and dorsal horn in mice. METHODS After subcutaneous injection of morphine or saline for two weeks, dexmedetomidine was administered intrathecally to evaluate its antinociceptive effect. Also, the α2 AR subtypes and µ-opioid receptor mRNA expression in lumbar dorsal root ganglion was quantified using PCR, and α2A and α2C AR in lumbar dorsal root ganglion and dorsal horn were examined by immunohistochemistry. KEY FINDINGS Daily morphine enhanced the antinociceptive effect of intrathecal dexmedetomidine, increased all the α2 AR subtypes but decreased the µ-opioid receptor mRNA expression in dorsal root ganglion and increased immunoreactivity of α2A and α2C AR in dorsal root ganglion and dorsal horn. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that systemic daily morphine enhances the analgesic effect of intrathecal dexmedetomidine via up-regulation of the α2A, α2B and α2C AR in lumbar dorsal root ganglion and dorsal horn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Tamagaki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Osaka University Medical School, Osaka, Japan
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23
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Angelotti T, Daunt D, Shcherbakova OG, Kobilka B, Hurt CM. Regulation of G-protein coupled receptor traffic by an evolutionary conserved hydrophobic signal. Traffic 2010; 11:560-78. [PMID: 20059747 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2010.01033.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Plasma membrane (PM) expression of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) is required for activation by extracellular ligands; however, mechanisms that regulate PM expression of GPCRs are poorly understood. For some GPCRs, such as alpha2c-adrenergic receptors (alpha(2c)-ARs), heterologous expression in non-native cells results in limited PM expression and extensive endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention. Recently, ER export/retentions signals have been proposed to regulate cellular trafficking of several GPCRs. By utilizing a chimeric alpha(2a)/alpha(2c)-AR strategy, we identified an evolutionary conserved hydrophobic sequence (ALAAALAAAAA) in the extracellular amino terminal region that is responsible in part for alpha(2c)-AR subtype-specific trafficking. To our knowledge, this is the first luminal ER retention signal reported for a GPCR. Removal or disruption of the ER retention signal dramatically increased PM expression and decreased ER retention. Conversely, transplantation of this hydrophobic sequence into alpha(2a)-ARs reduced their PM expression and increased ER retention. This evolutionary conserved hydrophobic trafficking signal within alpha(2c)-ARs serves as a regulator of GPCR trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Angelotti
- Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Grant Building S286, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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24
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Lu R, Li Y, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Shields AD, Winder DG, Angelotti T, Jiao K, Limbird LE, Zhou Y, Wang Q. Epitope-tagged receptor knock-in mice reveal that differential desensitization of alpha2-adrenergic responses is because of ligand-selective internalization. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:13233-43. [PMID: 19276088 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m807535200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although ligand-selective regulation of G protein-coupled receptor-mediated signaling and trafficking are well documented, little is known about whether ligand-selective effects occur on endogenous receptors or whether such effects modify the signaling response in physiologically relevant cells. Using a gene targeting approach, we generated a knock-in mouse line, in which N-terminal hemagglutinin epitope-tagged alpha(2A)-adrenergic receptor (AR) expression was driven by the endogenous mouse alpha(2A)AR gene locus. Exploiting this mouse line, we evaluated alpha(2A)AR trafficking and alpha(2A)AR-mediated inhibition of Ca(2+) currents in native sympathetic neurons in response to clonidine and guanfacine, two drugs used for treatment of hypertension, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, and enhancement of analgesia through actions on the alpha(2A)AR subtype. We discovered a more rapid desensitization of Ca(2+) current suppression by clonidine than guanfacine, which paralleled a more marked receptor phosphorylation and endocytosis of alpha(2A)AR evoked by clonidine than by guanfacine. Clonidine-induced alpha(2A)AR desensitization, but not receptor phosphorylation, was attenuated by blockade of endocytosis with concanavalin A, indicating a critical role for internalization of alpha(2A)AR in desensitization to this ligand. Our data on endogenous receptor-mediated signaling and trafficking in native cells reveal not only differential regulation of G protein-coupled receptor endocytosis by different ligands, but also a differential contribution of receptor endocytosis to signaling desensitization. Taken together, our data suggest that these HA-alpha(2A)AR knock-in mice will serve as an important model in developing ligands to favor endocytosis or nonendocytosis of receptors, depending on the target cell and pathophysiology being addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roujian Lu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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25
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Gurevich VV, Gurevich EV. GPCR monomers and oligomers: it takes all kinds. Trends Neurosci 2008; 31:74-81. [PMID: 18199492 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2007.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2007] [Revised: 11/20/2007] [Accepted: 11/21/2007] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence of G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) oligomerization on the one hand and perfect functionality of monomeric receptors on the other creates an impression of controversy. However, the GPCR superfamily is extremely diverse, both structurally and functionally. The life cycle of each receptor includes many stages: synthesis, quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum, maturation in the Golgi, delivery to the plasma membrane (where it can be in the inactive or active state, in complex with cognate G protein, G-protein-coupled receptor kinase or arrestin), endocytosis and subsequent sorting in endosomes. Different GPCR subtypes, and even the same receptor at different stages of its life cycle, most likely exist in different oligomerization states, from monomers to dimers and possibly higher-order oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vsevolod V Gurevich
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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26
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Shcherbakova OG, Hurt CM, Xiang Y, Dell'Acqua ML, Zhang Q, Tsien RW, Kobilka BK. Organization of beta-adrenoceptor signaling compartments by sympathetic innervation of cardiac myocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 176:521-33. [PMID: 17296797 PMCID: PMC2063986 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200604167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The sympathetic nervous system regulates cardiac function through the activation of adrenergic receptors (ARs). β1 and β2ARs are the primary sympathetic receptors in the heart and play different roles in regulating cardiac contractile function and remodeling in response to injury. In this study, we examine the targeting and trafficking of β1 and β2ARs at cardiac sympathetic synapses in vitro. Sympathetic neurons form functional synapses with neonatal cardiac myocytes in culture. The myocyte membrane develops into specialized zones that surround contacting axons and contain accumulations of the scaffold proteins SAP97 and AKAP79/150 but are deficient in caveolin-3. The β1ARs are enriched within these zones, whereas β2ARs are excluded from them after stimulation of neuronal activity. The results indicate that specialized signaling domains are organized in cardiac myocytes at sites of contact with sympathetic neurons and that these domains are likely to play a role in the subtype-specific regulation of cardiac function by β1 and β2ARs in vivo.
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MESH Headings
- A Kinase Anchor Proteins
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Animals
- Caveolin 3/metabolism
- Cell Compartmentation
- Cells, Cultured
- Coculture Techniques
- Discs Large Homolog 1 Protein
- Guanylate Kinases
- Heart/innervation
- Heart/physiology
- Membrane Microdomains/metabolism
- Membrane Microdomains/ultrastructure
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocardium/ultrastructure
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/ultrastructure
- Neuromuscular Junction/metabolism
- Neuromuscular Junction/ultrastructure
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Sympathetic Fibers, Postganglionic/metabolism
- Sympathetic Fibers, Postganglionic/ultrastructure
- Synaptic Membranes/metabolism
- Synaptic Membranes/ultrastructure
- Synaptic Transmission/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga G Shcherbakova
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 95305, USA
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Hurt C, Angelotti T. Molecular insights into α2 adrenergic receptor function: clinical implications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1053/j.sane.2006.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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