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Alotaibi A, Travaglianti S, Wong W, Abou-Gharbia M, Childers W, Sari Y. Effects of MC-100093 on Ethanol Drinking and the Expression of Astrocytic Glutamate Transporters in the Mesocorticolimbic Brain Regions of Male and Female Alcohol-Preferring Rats. Neuroscience 2024; 552:89-99. [PMID: 38909675 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Chronic ethanol consumption increased extracellular glutamate concentrations in several reward brain regions. Glutamate homeostasis is regulated in majority by astrocytic glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) as well as the interactive role of cystine/glutamate antiporter (xCT). In this study, we aimed to determine the attenuating effects of a novel beta-lactam MC-100093, lacking the antibacterial properties, on ethanol consumption and GLT-1 and xCT expression in the subregions of nucleus accumbens (NAc core and NAc shell) and medial prefrontal cortex (Infralimbic, mPFC-IL and Prelimbic, mPFC-PL) in male and female alcohol-preferring (P) rats. Female and male rats were exposed to free access to ethanol (15% v/v) and (30% v/v) and water for five weeks, and on Week 6, rats were administered 100 mg/kg (i.p) of MC-100093 or saline for five days. MC-100093 reduced ethanol consumption in both male and female P rats from Day 1-5. Additionally, MC-100093 upregulated GLT-1 and xCT expression in the mPFC and NAc subregions as compared to ethanol-saline groups in female and male rats. Chronic ethanol intake reduced GLT-1 and xCT expression in the IL and PL in female and male rats, except there was no reduction in GLT-1 expression in the mPFC-PL in female rats. Although, MC-100093 upregulated GLT-1 and xCT expression in the subregions of NAc, we did not observe any reduction in GLT-1 and xCT expression with chronic ethanol intake in female rats. These findings strongly suggest that MC-100093 treatment effectively reduced ethanol intake and upregulated GLT-1 and xCT expression in the mPFC and NAc subregions in male and female P rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Alotaibi
- University of Toledo, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Shelby Travaglianti
- University of Toledo, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Woonyen Wong
- University of Toledo, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Magid Abou-Gharbia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Wayne Childers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Youssef Sari
- University of Toledo, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
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Tizabi Y, Getachew B, Hauser SR, Tsytsarev V, Manhães AC, da Silva VDA. Role of Glial Cells in Neuronal Function, Mood Disorders, and Drug Addiction. Brain Sci 2024; 14:558. [PMID: 38928557 PMCID: PMC11201416 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14060558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mood disorders and substance use disorder (SUD) are of immense medical and social concern. Although significant progress on neuronal involvement in mood and reward circuitries has been achieved, it is only relatively recently that the role of glia in these disorders has attracted attention. Detailed understanding of the glial functions in these devastating diseases could offer novel interventions. Here, following a brief review of circuitries involved in mood regulation and reward perception, the specific contributions of neurotrophic factors, neuroinflammation, and gut microbiota to these diseases are highlighted. In this context, the role of specific glial cells (e.g., microglia, astroglia, oligodendrocytes, and synantocytes) on phenotypic manifestation of mood disorders or SUD are emphasized. In addition, use of this knowledge in the potential development of novel therapeutics is touched upon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Tizabi
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, 520 W Street NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA;
| | - Bruk Getachew
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, 520 W Street NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA;
| | - Sheketha R. Hauser
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Vassiliy Tsytsarev
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Alex C. Manhães
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, IBRAG, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, RJ, Brazil
| | - Victor Diogenes Amaral da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-100, BA, Brazil;
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Bormann NL, Oesterle TS, Arndt S, Karpyak VM, Croarkin PE. Systematic review and meta-analysis: Combining transcranial magnetic stimulation or direct current stimulation with pharmacotherapy for treatment of substance use disorders. Am J Addict 2024; 33:269-282. [PMID: 38273429 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.13517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have evidence for their potential in the treatment of substance use disorders (SUD). Medication for addiction treatment (MAT) is underutilized and not always effective. We identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and case studies that evaluated the effectiveness of TMS or tDCS used concurrently with MAT in SUD treatment. METHODS A systematic review of published literature following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was conducted on 6/1/2023 by a medical librarian. Craving-related scales were extracted for an effect size calculation. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale assessed study quality. RESULTS Eight studies (7 RCT, 1 case) including 253 individuals were published from 2015 to 2022, 5 of which had available data for meta-analysis. TMS or tDCS combined with MAT significantly reduced craving-related measures relative to sham stimulation (Hedges' g = -0.42, confidence interval: -0.73 to -0.11, p < .01). Opioid use disorder, methadone, and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were the most commonly studied SUD, MAT, and target region. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Our results show a significant effect; however, is limited by a small number of studies with heterogeneous methodology across intervention methods and SUDs. Additional trials are needed to fully assess the clinical impact and mechanisms of combined brain stimulation and pharmacotherapy. We discuss a possible mechanism for synergism from these treatment combinations. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE Adds the first systematic review of combination treatment with TMS or tDCS and MAT in SUD patients to the literature and estimates its overall effect size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas L Bormann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Albert Lea, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Tyler S Oesterle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Stephan Arndt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Victor M Karpyak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Paul E Croarkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Lutfy K, Hamid A, Zaveri NT. Small molecule NOP agonists reverse locomotor sensitization induced by cocaine in male C57BL/6 mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 131:110941. [PMID: 38199489 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.110941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Orphanin FQ/nociceptin (OFQ/N), the endogenous ligand of the nociceptin opioid receptor (NOP) has been shown to block cocaine-induced locomotor sensitization in mice and rats, and also reverses this phenomenon when injected intracerebroventricularly in animals with an established sensitized response. In the present study, we determined whether small-molecule NOP agonists would recapitulate this effect after systemic administration. Male C57BL/6 mice treated with cocaine (15 mg/kg) on days 1-3 and showed locomotor sensitization to the same dose of cocaine on day 8 were injected with vehicle or one of the two NOP agonists (AT-202 and AT-524) (but not cocaine) on days 9-11. On day 15, locomotor sensitization was assessed after a cocaine challenge (15 mg/kg). Subchronic administration of the two NOP agonists to sensitized mice significantly decreased the sensitized response on day 15. In a separate experiment conducted in male and female mice lacking NOP and their wildtype littermates, AT-524 reversed sensitization in male wildtype but not in mice lacking NOP. Further, co-administration of the NOP agonist with cocaine for three days on days 16-18 prevented the development of locomotor sensitization from this cocaine treatment in wild-type but not in NOP knockout mice. However, none of these effects of the NOP agonist was observed in female mice. Together, these results suggest that subchronic repeated administration of small-molecule NOP agonists may reverse adaptive behavioral changes associated with repeated intermittent cocaine treatment in male but not female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabirullah Lutfy
- College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, United States of America.
| | - Abdul Hamid
- College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, United States of America
| | - Nurulain T Zaveri
- Astraea Therapeutics, 320 Logue Avenue, Mountain View, CA, United States of America.
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Cherian K, Shinozuka K, Tabaac BJ, Arenas A, Beutler BD, Evans VD, Fasano C, Muir OS. Psychedelic Therapy: A Primer for Primary Care Clinicians-Ibogaine. Am J Ther 2024; 31:e133-e140. [PMID: 38518270 DOI: 10.1097/mjt.0000000000001723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ibogaine is a plant-derived alkaloid that has been used for thousands of years in rites of passage and spiritual ceremonies in West-Central Africa. In the West, it has primarily been used and studied for its anti-addictive properties and more recently for other neuropsychiatric indications, including post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, and traumatic brain injury. AREAS OF UNCERTAINTY Ibogaine requires careful patient screening and monitoring because of significant safety issues. There is potential for cardiotoxicity (prolonged QT interval); without rigorous screening, fatal arrhythmias may occur. However, preliminary research suggests that co-administration of ibogaine with magnesium may mitigate cardiotoxicity. Additionally, ibogaine may have dangerous interactions with opiates, so patients who receive ibogaine treatment for opioid use disorder must withdraw from long-acting opioids. Other potential concerning effects of ibogaine include rare incidences of mania or psychosis. Anticipated transient effects during ibogaine treatment can include ataxia, tremors, and gastrointestinal symptoms. THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES Robust effects after a single treatment with ibogaine have been reported. In open-label and randomized controlled trials (RCTs), ibogaine reduces heroin and opioid cravings by upwards of 50%, up to 24 weeks after the treatment. An observational study of 30 Special Operations Forces veterans with mild traumatic brain injury reported that 86% were in remission from post-traumatic stress disorder, 83% from depression, and 83% from anxiety, one month after a single-dose ibogaine treatment. LIMITATIONS Although there are several observational and open-label studies, there is only a single double-blind, placebo-controlled RCT on ibogaine. More RCTs with large sample sizes must be conducted to support ibogaine's safety and efficacy. CONCLUSIONS Given the promising preliminary findings, ibogaine could potentially fill a much-needed gap in treatments for challenging conditions, including opioid dependence. Ibogaine's remarkable effects in traditionally treatment-resistant, combat-exposed individuals hints at its potential in broader populations with physical and psychological trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Cherian
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Kenneth Shinozuka
- Centre for Eudaimonia and Human Flourishing, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Burton J Tabaac
- University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV
- Department of Neurology, Carson Tahoe Health, Carson City, NV
| | - Alejandro Arenas
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Bryce D Beutler
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Viviana D Evans
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | | | - Owen S Muir
- Fermata Health, Brooklyn, NY; and
- Acacia Clinics, Sunnyvale, CA
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Harlivasari AD, Susanto AD, Taufik FF, Ginting TT. The Role of Twice-Daily N-acetylcysteine (NAC) 2400 mg in Smoking Cessation: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial in Indonesia. Cureus 2024; 16:e54322. [PMID: 38500894 PMCID: PMC10944675 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tobacco smoking remains a health concern, especially in developing countries. Nicotine is significantly linked to many cancers and even second-hand exposure. Hence, smoking can increase the risk of lung and heart disease. This makes quitting smoking important and challenging. Success tends to rise by achieving abstinence with assisted pharmacology. These treatments aim to reduce symptoms of nicotine withdrawal. This is a preclinical trial on glutamate modulator in N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as a new potential treatment for smoking cessation. It is based on the administration of NAC related to elevated levels of dopamine in the central nervous system to accomplish successful smoking cessation. AIM This study evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of NAC for smoking cessation. The primary outcome was abstinence rate and the secondary outcomes of the study were to assess carbon monoxide exhalation value (COexh), the withdrawal symptoms, craving score, safety, and tolerability associated with the administration of NAC. METHODS This is a randomized clinical trial. Eligible smokers were treated with NAC 2400 mg twice daily (BID) or placebo to obtain a potential effective abstinence rate. Subjects recruited from the smoking cessation clinic were screened for eligibility and were randomized to either the NAC or placebo group. The trial consisted of a four-week treatment phase and participants were evaluated each week with a brief counseling. Intention to treat data analysis was performed from 2018 to 2019. Smoking cessation status was verified by measuring the amount of carbon monoxide exhaled and by documenting their smoking habits. Adverse events (AEs) have also been observed on each visit. RESULTS A total of 90 male smokers with a mean (SD) age of 38.7 (11) years were randomized into two groups to receive NAC (n=45) and placebo (n=45). The primary outcome revealed that the abstinence rate was significantly higher for the NAC group than the placebo group (37.7% vs 6.6%; p=0.02). These findings were supported by data comparison between the NAC group and placebo group of COexh (ppm) (9.59 ±7.4 vs 13,4 ±6.1; p=0.04) and cigarette consumption/week (10 vs 46; p <0.001), which were statistically significant. Comparison of withdrawal with the Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Score between the NAC group and the placebo group showed lower values (8 (1-31) vs 11 (0-43); p=0.178), respectively, even though not statistically significant. Compared to the placebo group, the craving score (6 (2-29) vs 12 (6-31); p=0.04) in the NAC group was significantly lower. The most common adverse event was mild gastrointestinal effects (28.9%) and arthralgia (2.2%). No serious adverse events were detected. CONCLUSIONS Despite a small sample size, the data demonstrate the potential benefits of NAC that may help elevate abstinence rates and promote successful smoking cessation pharmacotherapy. Comprehensive treatment combining pharmacologic therapy and counseling increases smoking cessation success rates. It is essential to conduct a randomized multicenter study with a large population to support a sustained abstinence rate using NAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annisa D Harlivasari
- Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Persahabatan, Jakarta, IDN
| | - Agus D Susanto
- Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Persahabatan, Jakarta, IDN
| | - Feni F Taufik
- Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Persahabatan, Jakarta, IDN
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Scala SG, Kang MS, Cox SML, Rosa‐Neto P, Massarweh G, Leyton M. Mesocorticolimbic function in cocaine polydrug users: A multimodal study of drug cue reactivity and cognitive regulation. Addict Biol 2024; 29:e13358. [PMID: 38221806 PMCID: PMC10898841 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Addictions are thought to be fostered by the emergence of poorly regulated mesocorticolimbic responses to drug-related cues. The development and persistence of these responses might be promoted by altered glutamate transmission, including changes to type 5 metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR5s). Unknown, however, is when these changes arise and whether the mGluR5 and mesocorticolimbic alterations are related. To investigate, non-dependent cocaine polydrug users and cocaine-naïve healthy controls underwent a positron emission tomography scan (15 cocaine users and 14 healthy controls) with [11 C]ABP688, and a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan (15/group) while watching videos depicting activities with and without cocaine use. For some drug videos, participants were instructed to use a cognitive strategy to lower craving. Both groups exhibited drug cue-induced mesocorticolimbic activations and these were larger in the cocaine polydrug users than healthy controls during the session's second half. During the cognitive regulation trials, the cocaine users' corticostriatal responses were reduced. [11 C]ABP688 binding was unaltered in cocaine users, relative to healthy controls, but post hoc analyses found reductions in those with 75 or more lifetime cocaine use sessions. Finally, among cocaine users (n = 12), individual differences in prefrontal [11 C]ABP688 binding were associated with midbrain and limbic region activations during the regulation trials. Together, these preliminary findings raise the possibility that (i) recreational polydrug cocaine users show biased brain processes towards cocaine-related cues and (ii) repeated cocaine use can lower cortical mGluR5 levels, diminishing the ability to regulate drug cue responses. These alterations might promote susceptibility to addiction and identify early intervention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Min Su Kang
- Integrated Program in NeuroscienceMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- Sunnybrook Research InstituteUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | | | - Pedro Rosa‐Neto
- Integrated Program in NeuroscienceMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- Department of PsychiatryMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological InstituteMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Gassan Massarweh
- McConnell Brain Imaging CentreMontreal Neurological InstituteMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Marco Leyton
- Integrated Program in NeuroscienceMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- Department of PsychiatryMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological InstituteMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- McConnell Brain Imaging CentreMontreal Neurological InstituteMontrealQuebecCanada
- Department of PsychologyMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- Center for Studies in Behavioral NeurobiologyConcordia UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
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Ueno F, Sakuma M, Nakajima S, Tsugawa S, Ochi R, Tani H, Noda Y, Graff-Guerrero A, Uchida H, Mimura M, Oshima S, Matsushita S. Acetaldehyde-mediated increase in glutamatergic and N-acetylaspartate neurometabolite levels in the midcingulate cortex of ALDH2*1/*2 heterozygous young adults. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 48:58-71. [PMID: 38206287 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To elucidate the neurobiology underlying alcohol's effect on the human brain, we examined the acute effects of moderate alcohol administration on levels of glutamatergic neurometabolites and N-acetylaspartate, an amino acid found in neurons, may reflect disordered neuronal integrity. METHODS Eighteen healthy Japanese participants (7 males/11 females) aged 20-30 years who were heterozygous for an inactive allele of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH/*1/*2) were included. Participants underwent an intravenous alcohol infusion using the clamp method at a target blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.50 mg/mL for 90 min within a range of ±0.05 mg/mL. We examined glutamate + glutamine (Glx) and N-acetylaspartate N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAA) levels in the midcingulate cortex (MCC) using 3 T 1 H-MRS PRESS at baseline, 90 min, and 180 min (i.e., 90 min after alcohol infusion was finished). A two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to assess longitudinal changes in Glx and NAA levels, with time and sex as within- and between-subject factors, respectively. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated among neurometabolite levels and BAC or blood acetaldehyde concentration (BAAC). RESULTS Both Glx (F(2,32) = 8.15, p = 0.004, η2 = 0.15) and NAA (F(2,32) = 5.01, p = 0.04, η2 = 0.07) levels were increased after alcohol injection. There were no sex or time × sex interaction effects observed. NAA levels were positively correlated with BAAC at 90 min (r(13) = 0.77, p = 0.01). There were no associations between neurometabolite levels and BAC. CONCLUSIONS Both Glx and NAA levels in the MCC increased in response to the administration of moderate concentrations of alcohol. Given positive associations between NAA levels and BAAC and the hypothetical glutamate release via dopamine pathways, the effects of drinking on the MCC in the acute phase may be ascribed to acetaldehyde metabolized from alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Ueno
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Japan
| | | | - Shinichiro Nakajima
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sakiko Tsugawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Ochi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Tani
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Noda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ariel Graff-Guerrero
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hiroyuki Uchida
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Mimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunji Oshima
- Sustainable Technology Laboratories, Asahi Quality and Innovations, Ltd., Moriya, Japan
| | - Sachio Matsushita
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Japan
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Illenberger JM, Flores-Ramirez FJ, Matzeu A, Lütjens R, Martin-Fardon R. ADX106772, an mGlu2 receptor positive allosteric modulator, selectively attenuates oxycodone taking and seeking. Neuropharmacology 2023; 238:109666. [PMID: 37463637 PMCID: PMC10529136 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Opioid abuse and overdose have risen to epidemic proportions in the United States. Oxycodone is the most abused prescription opioid. Treatments for opioid use disorder (OUD) seek to reduce vulnerability to relapse by reducing sources of reinforcement to seek drug (i.e., acute drug effects or drug withdrawal/craving). Accumulating evidence that glutamate release elicits drug-seeking behaviors has generated interest in pharmacotherapies targeting the glutamate system. Agonists and positive allosteric modulators of the metabotropic glutamate 2 (mGlu2) receptor decrease glutamate activity, reducing drug taking and seeking. The present study tested whether the mGlu2 receptor positive allosteric modulator ADX106772 reduces oxycodone self-administration and the conditioned reinstatement of oxycodone seeking without affecting behaviors directed toward a highly palatable nondrug reinforcer (sweetened condensed milk). Male Wistar rats were trained to self-administer oxycodone (0.15 mg/kg/infusion, i.v., 12 h/day) or sweetened condensed milk (SCM; diluted 2:1 v/v in H2O, orally, 30 min/day) for 13 days in the presence of a contextual/discriminative stimulus (SD), and the ability of ADX106772 (0, 0.3, 1, 3 and-10 mg/kg, s. c.) to decrease self-administration was tested. The rats then underwent extinction training, during which oxycodone, SCM, and the SD were withheld. After extinction, the ability of ADX106772 to prevent SD-induced conditioned reinstatement of oxycodone and SCM seeking was tested. ADX106772 reduced oxycodone self-administration and conditioned reinstatement without affecting SCM self-administration or conditioned reinstatement. ADX106772 reduced oxycodone taking and seeking and did not affect the motivation for the palatable conventional reinforcer, SCM, suggesting that activating mGlu2 receptors with a positive allosteric modulator is a potential approach for prescription OUD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Illenberger
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | | | - Alessandra Matzeu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Rémi Martin-Fardon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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10
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Kwon J, Kim HJ, Lee HR, Ho WK, Kim JH, Lee SH. Rewiring of Prelimbic Inputs to the Nucleus Accumbens Core Underlies Cocaine-Induced Behavioral Sensitization. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 94:378-392. [PMID: 36906501 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unbalanced activity of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the direct and indirect pathways mediates reward-related behaviors induced by addictive drugs. Prelimbic (PL) input to MSNs in the nucleus accumbens core (NAcC) plays a key role in cocaine-induced early locomotor sensitization (LS). However, the adaptive plastic changes at PL-to-NAcC synapses underlying early LS remain unclear. METHODS Using transgenic mice and retrograde tracing, we identified NAcC-projecting pyramidal neurons (PNs) in the PL cortex based on the expression of dopamine receptor types (D1R or D2R). To examine cocaine-induced alterations in PL-to-NAcC synapses, we measured excitatory postsynaptic current amplitudes evoked by optostimulation of PL afferents to MSNs. Riluzole was chosen to test the effects of PL excitability on cocaine-induced changes of PL-to-NAcC synapses. RESULTS NAcC-projecting PNs were segregated into D1R- and D2R-expressing PNs (D1- and D2-PNs, respectively), and their excitability was opposingly regulated by respective dopamine agonists. Both D1- and D2-PNs exhibited balanced innervation of direct MSNs and indirect MSNs in naïve animals. Repeated cocaine injections resulted in biased synaptic strength toward direct MSNs through presynaptic mechanisms in both D1- and D2-PNs, although D2R activation reduced the D2-PN excitability. Under group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors coactivation, however, D2R activation enhanced the D2-PN excitability. The cocaine-induced rewiring accompanied LS, and both rewiring and LS were precluded by PL infusion of riluzole, which reduced the intrinsic excitability of PL neurons. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that cocaine-induced rewiring of PL-to-NAcC synapses correlates well with early behavioral sensitization and that rewiring and LS can be prevented by riluzole-induced reduction of excitability of PL neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehan Kwon
- Cell Physiology Lab, Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Ro Lee
- Cell Physiology Lab, Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyung Ho
- Cell Physiology Lab, Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joung-Hun Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea; Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Suk-Ho Lee
- Cell Physiology Lab, Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Tang H, Zhang Y, Xun Y, Yu J, Lu Y, Zhang R, Dang W, Zhu F, Zhang J. Association between methylation in the promoter region of the GAD2 gene and opioid use disorder. Brain Res 2023; 1812:148407. [PMID: 37182687 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation is one of the epigenetic mechanisms involved in opioid use disorder. GAD2 is a key catalyticase in gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) synthesis from glutamate, that is implicated in opioid-induced rewarding effect. To reveal the relationship and the underlying mechanism between GAD2 gene methylation and opioid use disorder, we first examined and compared the methylation levels in the promoter region of the GAD2 gene in peripheral blood between 120 patients with opioid use disorder and 110 healthy controls by using a targeted approach. A diagnostic model with methylation biomarkers was established to distinguish opioid use disorder and healthy control groups. Correlations between methylation levels in the promoter region of the GAD2 gene and the duration and dosage of opioid use were then determined. Finally, the transcription factors that potentially bind to the target sequences including the detected CpG sites were predicted with the JASPAR database. Our results demonstrated that hypermethylation in the promoter region of the GAD2 gene was associated with opioid use disorder. A diagnostic model based on 10 methylation biomarkers could distinguish the opioid use disorder and healthy control groups. Several correlations between methylation levels in the GAD2 gene promoter and the duration and dosage of opioid use were observed. Transcription factors TFAP2A, Arnt and Runx1 were predicted to bind to the target sequences including several CpG sites detected in the present study in the GAD2 gene promoter. Our findings highlight and extend the role of DNA methylation in the GAD2 gene in opioid use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Tang
- Healthy Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yudan Zhang
- Healthy Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yufeng Xun
- Healthy Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Jiao Yu
- Healthy Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Ye Lu
- Healthy Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of National Health Commission for Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xi'an Mental Health Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Wei Dang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xi'an Mental Health Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Healthy Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- Healthy Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of National Health Commission for Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
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12
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Inan S, Meissler JJ, Shekarabi A, Foss J, Wiah S, Eisenstein TK, Rawls SM. Cyanidin prevents MDPV withdrawal-induced anxiety-like effects and dysregulation of cytokine systems in rats. Brain Res 2023; 1806:148310. [PMID: 36871847 PMCID: PMC10190163 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Psychostimulant exposure and withdrawal cause neuroimmune dysregulation and anxiety that contributes to dependence and relapse. Here, we tested the hypothesis that withdrawal from the synthetic cathinone MDPV (methylenedioxypyrovalerone) produces anxiety-like effects and enhanced levels of mesocorticolimbic cytokines that are inhibited by cyanidin, an anti-inflammatory flavonoid and nonselective blocker of IL-17A signaling. For comparison, we tested effects on glutamate transporter systems that are also dysregulated during psychostimulant free period. Rats injected for 9 d with MDPV (1 mg/kg, IP) or saline were pretreated daily with cyanidin (0.5 mg/kg, IP) or saline, followed by behavioral testing on the elevated zero maze (EZM) 72 h after the last MDPV injection. MDPV withdrawal caused a reduction in time spent on the open arm of the EZM that was prevented by cyanidin. Cyanidin itself did not affect locomotor activity or time spent on the open arm, or cause aversive or rewarding effects in place preference experiments. MDPV withdrawal caused enhancement of cytokine levels (IL-17A, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF=α, IL-10, and CCL2) in the ventral tegmental area, but not amygdala, nucleus accumbens, or prefrontal cortex, that was prevented by cyanidin. During MDPV withdrawal, mRNA levels of glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST) and glutamate transporter subtype 1 (GLT-1) in the amygdala were also elevated but normalized by cyanidin treatment. These results show that MDPV withdrawal induced anxiety, and brain-region specific dysregulation of cytokine and glutamate systems, that are both prevented by cyanidin, thus identifying cyanidin for further investigation in the context of psychostimulant dependence and relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saadet Inan
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Joseph J Meissler
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aryan Shekarabi
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Foss
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sonita Wiah
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Toby K Eisenstein
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott M Rawls
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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13
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Claypool SM, Reiner DJ, Behdin S, Orihuel J, Batista A, Caldwell KE, Chow JJ, Bossert JM, Rubio FJ, Hope BT, Shaham Y. Role of Piriform Cortex and Its Afferent Projections in Relapse to Fentanyl Seeking after Food Choice-Induced Voluntary Abstinence. J Neurosci 2023; 43:2597-2614. [PMID: 36898838 PMCID: PMC10082459 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0034-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated a role of piriform cortex (Pir) in relapse to fentanyl seeking after food choice-induced voluntary abstinence. Here, we used this model to further study the role of Pir and its afferent projections in fentanyl relapse. We trained male and female rats to self-administer palatable food pellets for 6 d (6 h/day) and fentanyl (2.5 µg/kg/infusion, i.v.) for 12 d (6 h/day). We assessed relapse to fentanyl seeking after 12 voluntary abstinence sessions, achieved through a discrete choice procedure between fentanyl and palatable food (20 trials/session). We determined projection-specific activation of Pir afferents during fentanyl relapse with Fos plus the retrograde tracer cholera toxin B (injected into Pir). Fentanyl relapse was associated with increased Fos expression in anterior insular cortex (AI) and prelimbic cortex (PL) neurons projecting to Pir. We next used an anatomical disconnection procedure to determine the causal role of these two projections (AI→Pir and PL→Pir) in fentanyl relapse. Contralateral but not ipsilateral disconnection of AI→Pir projections decreased fentanyl relapse but not reacquisition of fentanyl self-administration. In contrast, contralateral but not ipsilateral disconnection of PL→Pir projections modestly decreased reacquisition but not relapse. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting and quantitative PCR data showed molecular changes within Pir Fos-expressing neurons associated with fentanyl relapse. Finally, we found minimal or no sex differences in fentanyl self-administration, fentanyl versus food choice, and fentanyl relapse. Our results indicate that AI→Pir and PL→Pir projections play dissociable roles in nonreinforced relapse to fentanyl seeking versus reacquisition of fentanyl self-administration after food choice-induced voluntary abstinence.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We previously showed a role of Pir in fentanyl relapse after food choice-induced voluntary abstinence in rats, a procedure mimicking human abstinence or a significant reduction in drug self-administration because of the availability of alternative nondrug rewards. Here, we aimed to further characterize the role of Pir in fentanyl relapse by investigating the role of Pir afferent projections and analyzing molecular changes in relapse-activated Pir neurons. We identified dissociable roles of two Pir afferent projections (AI→Pir and PL→Pir) in relapse to fentanyl seeking versus reacquisition of fentanyl self-administration after voluntary abstinence. We also characterized molecular changes within Pir Fos-expressing neurons associated with fentanyl relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Claypool
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - David J Reiner
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Sana Behdin
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Javier Orihuel
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Ashley Batista
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Kiera E Caldwell
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Jonathan J Chow
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Jennifer M Bossert
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - F Javier Rubio
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Bruce T Hope
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Yavin Shaham
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
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14
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Ebrahimi Z, Kahvandi N, Shahriari E, Komaki A, Karimi SA, Naderishahab M, Sharifi M, Sarihi A. VU0155041, a positive allosteric modulator of mGluR4, in the nucleus accumbens facilitates extinction and inhibits the reinstatement of morphine-induced conditioned place preference in male rats. Brain Res Bull 2023; 197:57-64. [PMID: 36997034 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Nucleus accumbens (NAc) neurons appear to be at the hub of the reward circuit. New evidence suggests that the behavioural effects of morphine substances may be significantly regulated by glutamate-mediated transmission, notably by metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors. Here, we examined the hypothesis that the mGlu4 receptor within that NAc has a role in the extinction and reinstatement of morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP). The animals received bilaterally microinjections of VU0155041, a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) and partial agonist of mGlu4 receptor, into the NAc. In Experiment 1, the rats received VU0155041 (10, 30 and 50μg/0.5μL) during the extinction period. In Experiment 2, the CPP extinguished rats received VU0155041 (10, 30 and 50μg/0.5μL) five minutes prior to the administration of morphine (1mg/kg) in order to reinstate the extinguished CPP. The results showed that the intra-accumbal administration of VU0155041 reduced the extinction period of CPP. Furthermore, the administration of VU0155041 into the NAc dose-dependently inhibited the reinstatement of CPP. The findings suggested that the mGluR4 in the NAc facilitates the extinction and inhibits the reinstatement of the morphine-induced CPP, which could be mediated by an increase in the release of extracellular glutamate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ebrahimi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Nazanin Kahvandi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Elahe Shahriari
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Department of Neuroscience, School of Sciences and Advanced Technology in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Seyed Asaad Karimi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Department of Neuroscience, School of Sciences and Advanced Technology in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Marzieh Naderishahab
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Maryam Sharifi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Abdolrahman Sarihi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Department of Neuroscience, School of Sciences and Advanced Technology in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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15
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Chen G, Lai S, Bao G, Ke J, Meng X, Lu S, Wu X, Xu H, Wu F, Xu Y, Xu F, Bi GQ, Peng G, Zhou K, Zhu Y. Distinct reward processing by subregions of the nucleus accumbens. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112069. [PMID: 36753418 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleus accumbens (NAc) plays an important role in motivation and reward processing. Recent studies suggest that different NAc subnuclei differentially contribute to reward-related behaviors. However, how reward is encoded in individual NAc neurons remains unclear. Using in vivo single-cell resolution calcium imaging, we find diverse patterns of reward encoding in the medial and lateral shell subdivision of the NAc (NAcMed and NAcLat, respectively). Reward consumption increases NAcLat activity but decreases NAcMed activity, albeit with high variability among neurons. The heterogeneity in reward encoding could be attributed to differences in their synaptic inputs and transcriptional profiles. Specific optogenetic activation of Nts-positive neurons in the NAcLat promotes positive reinforcement, while activation of Cartpt-positive neurons in the NAcMed induces behavior aversion. Collectively, our study shows the organizational and transcriptional differences in NAc subregions and provides a framework for future dissection of NAc subregions in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaowei Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction, Shenzhen Neher Neural Plasticity Laboratory, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shishi Lai
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction, Shenzhen Neher Neural Plasticity Laboratory, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China; Yunnan University School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Guo Bao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction, Shenzhen Neher Neural Plasticity Laboratory, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jincan Ke
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Xiaogao Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shanshan Lu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction, Shenzhen Neher Neural Plasticity Laboratory, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaocong Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Hua Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction, Shenzhen Neher Neural Plasticity Laboratory, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Fengyi Wu
- Interdisciplinary Center for Brain Information, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yu Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Fang Xu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China; Interdisciplinary Center for Brain Information, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Bi
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China; Interdisciplinary Center for Brain Information, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guangdun Peng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Kuikui Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction, Shenzhen Neher Neural Plasticity Laboratory, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China; School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Yingjie Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction, Shenzhen Neher Neural Plasticity Laboratory, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China; Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
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16
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Fuller MJ, Gupta SC, Fan R, Taugher-Hebl RJ, Wang GZ, Andrys NRR, Bera AK, Radley JJ, Wemmie JA. Investigating role of ASIC2 in synaptic and behavioral responses to drugs of abuse. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1118754. [PMID: 36793786 PMCID: PMC9923001 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1118754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Drugs of abuse produce rearrangements at glutamatergic synapses thought to contribute to drug-reinforced behaviors. Acid-Sensing Ion Channels (ASICs) have been suggested to oppose these effects, largely due to observations in mice lacking the ASIC1A subunit. However, the ASIC2A and ASIC2B subunits are known to interact with ASIC1A, and their potential roles in drugs of abuse have not yet been investigated. Therefore, we tested the effects of disrupting ASIC2 subunits in mice exposed to drugs of abuse. We found conditioned place preference (CPP) to both cocaine and morphine were increased in Asic2 -/- mice, which is similar to what was observed in Asic1a -/- mice. Because nucleus accumbens core (NAcc) is an important site of ASIC1A action, we examined expression of ASIC2 subunits there. By western blot ASIC2A was readily detected in wild-type mice, while ASIC2B was not, suggesting ASIC2A is the predominant subunit in nucleus accumbens core. An adeno-associated virus vector (AAV) was used to drive recombinant ASIC2A expression in nucleus accumbens core of Asic2 -/- mice, resulting in near normal protein levels. Moreover, recombinant ASIC2A integrated with endogenous ASIC1A subunits to form functional channels in medium spiny neurons (MSNs). However, unlike ASIC1A, region-restricted restoration of ASIC2A in nucleus accumbens core was not sufficient to affect cocaine or morphine conditioned place preference, suggesting effects of ASIC2 differ from those of ASIC1A. Supporting this contrast, we found that AMPA receptor subunit composition and the ratio of AMPA receptor-mediated current to NMDA receptor-mediated current (AMPAR/NMDAR) were normal in Asic2 -/- mice and responded to cocaine withdrawal similarly to wild-type animals. However, disruption of ASIC2 significantly altered dendritic spine morphology, and these effects differed from those reported previously in mice lacking ASIC1A. We conclude that ASIC2 plays an important role in drug-reinforced behavior, and that its mechanisms of action may differ from ASIC1A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret J. Fuller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Subhash C. Gupta
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Rong Fan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Rebecca J. Taugher-Hebl
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Grace Z. Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Noah R. R. Andrys
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Amal K. Bera
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jason J. Radley
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - John A. Wemmie
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
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Jastrzębska J, Daniel WA. Cocaine-Induced Time-Dependent Alterations in Cytochrome P450 and Liver Function. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021632. [PMID: 36675146 PMCID: PMC9866935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 is responsible for the metabolism of endogenous substrates, drugs and substances of abuse. The brain and nervous system regulate liver cytochrome P450 via neuroendocrine mechanisms, as shown in rodents. Cocaine exerts its addictive effects through the dopaminergic system, the functioning of which undergoes changes during its continuous use. Therefore, it can be hypothesized that the regulation of cytochrome P450 by cocaine may also alter during the addiction process, cessation and relapse. We analyzed preclinical studies on the mechanisms of the pharmacological action of cocaine, the role of the brain's dopaminergic system in the neuroendocrine regulation of cytochrome P450 and the in vitro and in vivo effects of cocaine on the cytochrome P450 expression/activity and hepatotoxicity. The results of passive cocaine administration indicate that cocaine affects liver cytochrome P450 enzymes (including those engaged in its own metabolism) via different mechanisms involving the expression of genes encoding cytochrome P450 enzymes and interaction with enzyme proteins. Thus, it may affect its own oxidative metabolism and the metabolism of endogenous substrates and other co-administered drugs and may lead to hepatotoxicity. Its effect depends on the specific cytochrome P450 enzyme affected, cocaine dosage, treatment duration and animal species. However, further complementary studies are needed to find out whether cocaine affects cytochrome P450 via the brain's dopaminergic system. The knowledge of cocaine's effect on cytochrome P450 function during the entire addiction process is still incomplete. There is a lack of information on the enzyme expression/activity in animals self-administering cocaine (addicted), in those withdrawn after cocaine self-administration, and during relapse in animals previously addicted; furthermore, there is no such information concerning humans. The subject of cytochrome P450 regulation by cocaine during the addiction process is an open issue, and addressing this topic may help in the treatment of drug abuse patients.
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Hammad AM, Alzaghari LF, Alfaraj M, Al-Qerem W, Talib WH, Alasmari F, Amawi H, Hall FS. Acetylsalicylic acid reduces cigarette smoke withdrawal-induced anxiety in rats via modulating the expression of NFĸB, GLT-1, and xCT. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1047236. [PMID: 36699078 PMCID: PMC9868824 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1047236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic exposure to cigarette smoke produces neuroinflammation and long-term changes in neurotransmitter systems, especially glutamatergic systems. Objective: We examined the effects of cigarette smoke on astroglial glutamate transporters as well as NF-κB expression in mesocorticolimbic brain regions, prefrontal cortex (PFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc). The behavioral consequences of cigarette smoke exposure were assessed using open field (OF) and light/dark (LD) tests to assess withdrawal-induced anxiety-like behavior. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to five experimental groups: a control group exposed only to standard room air, a cigarette smoke exposed group treated with saline vehicle, two cigarette smoke exposed groups treated with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) (15 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg, respectively), and a group treated only with ASA (30 mg/kg). Cigarette smoke exposure was performed for 2 h/day, 5 days/week, for 31 days. Behavioral tests were conducted weekly, 24 h after cigarette smoke exposure, during acute withdrawal. At the end of week 4, rats were given either saline or ASA 45 min before cigarette exposure for 11 days. Results: Cigarette smoke increased withdrawal-induced anxiety, and 30 mg/kg ASA attenuated this effect. Cigarette smoke exposure increased the relative mRNA and protein expression of nuclear factor ĸB (NFĸB) in PFC and NAc, and ASA treatment reversed this effect. Also, cigarette smoke decreased the relative mRNA and protein expression of glutamate transporter1 (GLT-1) and the cystine-glutamate transporter (xCT) in the PFC and the NAc, while ASA treatment normalized their expression. Conclusion: Cigarette smoke caused neuroinflammation, alterations in glutamate transporter expression, and increased anxiety-like behavior, and these effects were attenuated by acetylsalicylic acid treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa M. Hammad
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Lujain F. Alzaghari
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Malek Alfaraj
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Walid Al-Qerem
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Wamidh H. Talib
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutic, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Fawaz Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haneen Amawi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - F. Scott Hall
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
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Urban MM, Stingl MR, Meinhardt MW. Mini-review: The neurobiology of treating substance use disorders with classical psychedelics. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1156319. [PMID: 37139521 PMCID: PMC10149865 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1156319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential of psychedelics to persistently treat substance use disorders is known since the 1960s. However, the biological mechanisms responsible for their therapeutic effects have not yet been fully elucidated. While it is known that serotonergic hallucinogens induce changes in gene expression and neuroplasticity, particularly in prefrontal regions, theories on how specifically this counteracts the alterations that occur in neuronal circuitry throughout the course of addiction are largely unknown. This narrative mini-review endeavors to synthesize well-established knowledge from addiction research with findings and theories regarding the neurobiological effects of psychedelics to give an overview of the potential mechanisms that underlie the treatment of substance use disorders with classical hallucinogenic compounds and point out gaps in the current understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin M. Urban
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Marvin M. Urban,
| | - Moritz R. Stingl
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Marcus W. Meinhardt
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Molecular Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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20
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Li SH, Abd-Elrahman KS, Ferguson SS. Targeting mGluR2/3 for treatment of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 239:108275. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Exploring the Role of DARPP-32 in Addiction: A Review of the Current Limitations of Addiction Treatment Pathways and the Role of DARPP-32 to Improve Them. NEUROSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/neurosci3030035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We are amidst a global addiction crisis, yet stigmas surrounding addiction counterintuitively prevail. Understanding and appreciating the neurobiology of addiction is essential to dissolve this stigma and for the development of new pharmacological agents to improve upon currently narrow therapeutic options. This review highlights this and evaluates dopamine-and-cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein, Mr 32 kDa (DARPP-32) as a potential target to treat various forms of substance abuse. Despite the proven involvement of DARPP-32 in addiction pathophysiology, no robust investigations into compounds that could pharmacologically modulate it have been carried out. Agents capable of altering DARPP-32 signalling in this way could prevent or reverse drug abuse and improve upon currently substandard treatment options.
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22
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Ezquer F, Quintanilla ME, Morales P, Santapau D, Munita JM, Moya-Flores F, Ezquer M, Herrera-Marschitz M, Israel Y. A dual treatment blocks alcohol binge-drinking relapse: Microbiota as a new player. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 236:109466. [PMID: 35489181 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Gut microbiota communicates information to the brain. Some animals are born with a gut microbiota that predisposes to high alcohol consumption, and transplantation of fecal material from alcoholics to mice increases animal preference for ethanol. Alcohol-use-disorders are chronic conditions where relapse is the hallmark. A predictive animal model of relapse is the "alcohol deprivation effect" where ethanol re-access is allowed following chronic alcohol intake and a long alcohol deprivation. The present study evaluates the effect of gut microbiota modification on relapse, as an adjunct to N-acetylcysteine + Acetylsalicylic acid administration, which inhibits the alcohol-induced hyper-glutamatergic condition. METHODS Rats bred as heavy alcohol consumers (UChB) were allowed ethanol intake for one month, were deprived of alcohol for two-weeks and subsequently offered re-access to ethanol. Prior to ethanol re-access animals received orally either (i) vehicle-control, (ii) Lactobacillus-rhamnosus-GG after antibiotic treatment (LGG); (iii) N-acetylcysteine+Acetylsalicylic acid (NAC/ASA) or (iv) both treatments: LGG+ (NAC/ASA). RESULTS Marked binge drinking (1.75 g ethanol/kg in 60 min) and blood alcohol levels exceeding 80 mg/dl were observed in the control group upon ethanol-re-access. Lactobacillus-GG or (NAC+ASA) treatments inhibited alcohol intake by 66-80%. The combination of both treatments virtually suppressed (inhibition of 90%) the re-access binge-like drinking, showing additive effects. Treatment with NAC+ASA increased the levels of glutamate transporters xCT and GLT-1 in nucleus accumbens, while Lactobacillus-GG administration increased those of the dopamine transporter (DAT). CONCLUSIONS The administration of a well-accepted probiotic may be of value as an adjunct in the treatment of alcohol-use-disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Ezquer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile; Research Center for the Development of Novel Therapeutic Alternatives for Alcohol Use Disorders, Santiago, Chile.
| | - María Elena Quintanilla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Morales
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Santapau
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Manuel Munita
- Genomics and Resistant Microbes Group, Faculty of Medicine Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Moya-Flores
- Genomics and Resistant Microbes Group, Faculty of Medicine Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo Ezquer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Herrera-Marschitz
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yedy Israel
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile; Research Center for the Development of Novel Therapeutic Alternatives for Alcohol Use Disorders, Santiago, Chile; Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Nardone R, Sebastianelli L, Versace V, Ferrazzoli D, Brigo F, Schwenker K, Saltuari L, Trinka E. TMS for the functional evaluation of cannabis effects and for treatment of cannabis addiction: A review. Psychiatry Res 2022; 310:114431. [PMID: 35219263 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The knowledge about the effects of cannabis on human cortical brain processes is increasing. In this regard, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) enables the evaluation of central nervous system function, including drug effects. Moreover, repetitive TMS (rTMS) has been used therapeutically in several substance use disorders. In this scoping review, we summarize and discuss studies that have employed TMS and rTMS techniques in users of cannabis for recreational purposes. In subjects with a history of persistent cannabis use, TMS studies showed reduced short-interval cortical inhibition (SICI). This observation points more at neurobiological changes of chronic cannabis use than to a direct effect of cannabis on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptors. Moreover, individuals vulnerable to becoming long-term users of cannabis may also have underlying pre-existing abnormalities in SICI. Of note, the use of cannabis is associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia, and the down-regulation of GABAergic function may play a role. Less frequent cannabis use and spontaneous craving were observed following rTMS applied to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). There is emerging evidence that the posterior cingulate cortex and the precuneus are potential targets for rTMS intervention in cannabis use disorder. However, larger and randomized trials should corroborate these encouraging findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Nardone
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Merano (SABES-ASDAA), Merano-Meran, Italy; Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center, Salzburg, Austria; Karl Landsteiner Institut für Neurorehabilitation und Raumfahrtneurologie, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Luca Sebastianelli
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Hospital of Vipiteno (SABES-ASDAA), Vipiteno-Sterzing, Italy; Research Unit for Neurorehabilitation South Tyrol, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Viviana Versace
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Hospital of Vipiteno (SABES-ASDAA), Vipiteno-Sterzing, Italy; Research Unit for Neurorehabilitation South Tyrol, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Davide Ferrazzoli
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Hospital of Vipiteno (SABES-ASDAA), Vipiteno-Sterzing, Italy; Research Unit for Neurorehabilitation South Tyrol, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Francesco Brigo
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Merano (SABES-ASDAA), Merano-Meran, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Science, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Kerstin Schwenker
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Karl Landsteiner Institut für Neurorehabilitation und Raumfahrtneurologie, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Leopold Saltuari
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Hospital of Vipiteno (SABES-ASDAA), Vipiteno-Sterzing, Italy; Research Unit for Neurorehabilitation South Tyrol, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Eugen Trinka
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Karl Landsteiner Institut für Neurorehabilitation und Raumfahrtneurologie, Salzburg, Austria; Centre for Cognitive Neurosciences Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; UMIT, University for Medical Informatics and Health Technology, Hall in Tirol, Austria
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24
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Harris JC, Wallace AL, Thomas AM, Wirtz HG, Kaiver CM, Lisdahl KM. Disrupted Resting State Attentional Network Connectivity in Adolescent and Young Adult Cannabis Users following Two-Weeks of Monitored Abstinence. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12020287. [PMID: 35204050 PMCID: PMC8870263 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12020287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Numerous neuropsychological studies have shown that cannabis use during adolescence and young adulthood led to deficits in sustained and selective attention. However, few studies have examined functional connectivity in attentional networks among young cannabis users, nor have characterized relationships with cannabis use patterns following abstinence. Methods. Differences in resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) within the dorsal (DAN) and ventral (VAN) attention networks were examined in 36 adolescent and young adult cannabis users and 39 non-substance using controls following two weeks of monitored abstinence. Observed connectivity differences were then correlated with past-year and lifetime cannabis use, length of abstinence, age of regular use onset, and Cannabis Use Disorder symptoms (CUD). Results. After controlling for alcohol and nicotine use, cannabis users had lower RSFC within the DAN network, specifically between right inferior parietal sulcus and right anterior insula, as well as white matter, relative to controls. This region was associated with more severe cannabis use measures, including increased lifetime cannabis use, shorter length of abstinence, and more severe CUD symptoms. Conclusions. Findings demonstrate that regular cannabis use by adolescents and young adults is associated with subtle differences in resting state connectivity within the DAN, even after two weeks of monitored abstinence. Notably, more severe cannabis use markers (greater lifetime use, CUD symptoms, and shorter abstinence) were linked with this reduced connectivity. Thus, findings support public policy aimed at reducing and delaying cannabis use and treatments to assist with sustained abstinence. Future longitudinal studies are needed to investigate causation.
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25
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Li HC, Zhang JM, Xu R, Wang YH, Xu W, Chen R, Wan XM, Zhang HL, Wang L, Wang XJ, Jiang LH, Liu B, Zhao Y, Chen YY, Dai YP, Li M, Zhang HQ, Yang Z, Bai L, Zhang J, Wang HB, Tian JW, Zhao YL, Cen XB. mTOR regulates cocaine-induced behavioural sensitization through the SynDIG1-GluA2 interaction in the nucleus accumbens. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:295-306. [PMID: 34522005 PMCID: PMC8792044 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00760-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Behavioral sensitization is a progressive increase in locomotor or stereotypic behaviours in response to drugs. It is believed to contribute to the reinforcing properties of drugs and to play an important role in relapse after cessation of drug abuse. However, the mechanism underlying this behaviour remains poorly understood. In this study, we showed that mTOR signaling was activated during the expression of behavioral sensitization to cocaine and that intraperitoneal or intra-nucleus accumbens (NAc) treatment with rapamycin, a specific mTOR inhibitor, attenuated cocaine-induced behavioural sensitization. Cocaine significantly modified brain lipid profiles in the NAc of cocaine-sensitized mice and markedly elevated the levels of phosphatidylinositol-4-monophosphates (PIPs), including PIP, PIP2, and PIP3. The behavioural effect of cocaine was attenuated by intra-NAc administration of LY294002, an AKT-specific inhibitor, suggesting that PIPs may contribute to mTOR activation in response to cocaine. An RNA-sequencing analysis of the downstream effectors of mTOR signalling revealed that cocaine significantly decreased the expression of SynDIG1, a known substrate of mTOR signalling, and decreased the surface expression of GluA2. In contrast, AAV-mediated SynDIG1 overexpression in NAc attenuated intracellular GluA2 internalization by promoting the SynDIG1-GluA2 interaction, thus maintaining GluA2 surface expression and repressing cocaine-induced behaviours. In conclusion, NAc SynDIG1 may play a negative regulatory role in cocaine-induced behavioural sensitization by regulating synaptic surface expression of GluA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-chun Li
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Jia-mei Zhang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Rui Xu
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Yong-hai Wang
- grid.440761.00000 0000 9030 0162Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005 China
| | - Wei Xu
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Rong Chen
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Xue-mei Wan
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Hao-luo Zhang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Liang Wang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Xiao-jie Wang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Lin-hong Jiang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Bin Liu
- grid.440761.00000 0000 9030 0162Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005 China
| | - Ying Zhao
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Yuan-yuan Chen
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Yan-ping Dai
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Min Li
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Hua-qin Zhang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Zhen Yang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Histology and Imaging Platform, Core Facilities of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Lin Bai
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Histology and Imaging Platform, Core Facilities of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Jie Zhang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Histology and Imaging Platform, Core Facilities of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Hong-bo Wang
- grid.440761.00000 0000 9030 0162Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005 China
| | - Jing-wei Tian
- grid.440761.00000 0000 9030 0162Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005 China
| | - Ying-lan Zhao
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Xiao-bo Cen
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
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Nicolas C, Zlebnik NE, Farokhnia M, Leggio L, Ikemoto S, Shaham Y. Sex Differences in Opioid and Psychostimulant Craving and Relapse: A Critical Review. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:119-140. [PMID: 34987089 PMCID: PMC11060335 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A widely held dogma in the preclinical addiction field is that females are more vulnerable than males to drug craving and relapse. Here, we first review clinical studies on sex differences in psychostimulant and opioid craving and relapse. Next, we review preclinical studies on sex differences in psychostimulant and opioid reinstatement of drug seeking after extinction of drug self-administration, and incubation of drug craving (time-dependent increase in drug seeking during abstinence). We also discuss ovarian hormones' role in relapse and craving in humans and animal models and speculate on brain mechanisms underlying their role in cocaine craving and relapse in rodent models. Finally, we discuss imaging studies on brain responses to cocaine cues and stress in men and women.The results of the clinical studies reviewed do not appear to support the notion that women are more vulnerable to psychostimulant and opioid craving and relapse. However, this conclusion is tentative because most of the studies reviewed were correlational, not sufficiently powered, and not a priori designed to detect sex differences. Additionally, imaging studies suggest sex differences in brain responses to cocaine cues and stress. The results of the preclinical studies reviewed provide evidence for sex differences in stress-induced reinstatement and incubation of cocaine craving but not cue- or cocaine-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking. These sex differences are modulated in part by ovarian hormones. In contrast, the available data do not support the notion of sex differences in craving and relapse/reinstatement for methamphetamine or opioids in rodent models. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This systematic review summarizes clinical and preclinical studies on sex differences in psychostimulant and opioid craving and relapse. Results of the clinical studies reviewed do not appear to support the notion that women are more vulnerable to psychostimulant and opioid craving and relapse. Results of preclinical studies reviewed provide evidence for sex differences in reinstatement and incubation of cocaine seeking but not for reinstatement or incubation of methamphetamine or opioid seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Nicolas
- Neurocentre Magendie, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (C.N.); Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, Present address: Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, School of Medicine, Riverside, CA (N.E.Z.); Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD (M.F., L.L., S.I., Y.S.); and Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (M.F., L.L.)
| | - Natalie E Zlebnik
- Neurocentre Magendie, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (C.N.); Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, Present address: Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, School of Medicine, Riverside, CA (N.E.Z.); Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD (M.F., L.L., S.I., Y.S.); and Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (M.F., L.L.)
| | - Mehdi Farokhnia
- Neurocentre Magendie, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (C.N.); Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, Present address: Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, School of Medicine, Riverside, CA (N.E.Z.); Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD (M.F., L.L., S.I., Y.S.); and Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (M.F., L.L.)
| | - Lorenzo Leggio
- Neurocentre Magendie, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (C.N.); Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, Present address: Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, School of Medicine, Riverside, CA (N.E.Z.); Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD (M.F., L.L., S.I., Y.S.); and Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (M.F., L.L.)
| | - Satoshi Ikemoto
- Neurocentre Magendie, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (C.N.); Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, Present address: Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, School of Medicine, Riverside, CA (N.E.Z.); Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD (M.F., L.L., S.I., Y.S.); and Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (M.F., L.L.)
| | - Yavin Shaham
- Neurocentre Magendie, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (C.N.); Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, Present address: Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, School of Medicine, Riverside, CA (N.E.Z.); Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD (M.F., L.L., S.I., Y.S.); and Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (M.F., L.L.)
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Rodrigues RF, Fulco BCW, Nogueira CW. m-CF 3-substituted diphenyl diselenide attenuates all phases of morphine-induced behavioral locomotor sensitization in mice. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 69:126889. [PMID: 34798514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behavioral sensitization, thought to underlie some aspects of drug dependence, is typically measured as increased locomotion in response to repeated administration of a drug. The study aimed to investigate the (m-CF3-PhSe)2 effects on the acquisition, withdrawal, and re-exposure phases of morphine-induced behavioral locomotor sensitization. METHODS Swiss male mice were treated with saline or morphine at 10 mg/kg twice a day for 3 days; those of the morphine group were kept in the morphine withdrawal period (5 days). On day 9, mice were re-exposed to morphine. (m-CF3-PhSe)2 (10 mg/kg) or vehicle was administered at all phases of morphine protocol, and mice performed locomotor activity test. Oxidative stress markers and the levels of opioid, dopamine, and glutamate receptors were determined in samples of the cerebral cortex. (m-CF3-PhSe)2 administered at all phases of protocol attenuated morphine-induced locomotor sensitization. RESULTS Mice exposed to morphine showed reduced weight gain and increased locomotor activity, but (m-CF3-PhSe)2 treatment attenuates the weight gain and behavioral hyperlocomotion effects. (m-CF3-PhSe)2, independent of the administration phase, modulated the increase of opioidergic (MOR, DOR, KOR) and glutamatergic (NMDA 2A and 2B) protein contents and attenuated redox imbalance in the cerebral cortex of mice exposed to morphine. However, (m-CF3-PhSe)2 did not modulate cortical protein levels of dopaminergic (D1 and D2) receptors in the acquisition phase of morphine-induced locomotor sensitization protocol. CONCLUSION (m-CF3-PhSe)2 was effective against the behavioral and molecular alterations caused by morphine at all phases of locomotor sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata F Rodrigues
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Bruna C W Fulco
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Cristina W Nogueira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
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28
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Montemitro C, Angebrandt A, Wang TY, Pettorruso M, Abulseoud OA. Mechanistic insights into the efficacy of memantine in treating certain drug addictions. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 111:110409. [PMID: 34324921 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The deleterious effects of the drug addiction epidemic are compounded by treatment strategies that are only marginally efficacious. Memantine is a unique glutamatergic medication with proven ability to attenuate drug addiction in preclinical models. However, clinical translational studies are inconsistent. In this review, we summarize preclinical evidences and clinical trials that investigated the efficacy of memantine in treating patients with alcohol, opiate, cocaine, and nicotine use disorders and discuss the results from a mechanistic point of view. Memantine has shown efficacy in reducing alcohol and opiate craving, consumption, and withdrawal severity. However, in cocaine and nicotine use disorders, memantine did not have significant effect on cravings or consumption. Additionally, memantine was associated with increased subjective effects of alcohol, cocaine, and nicotine. We discuss possible mechanisms behind this variability. Since memantine transiently blocks NMDA receptors and protects neurons from overstimulation by excessive synaptic glutamate, its efficacy should be observed in drug phases that cause hyperglutamatergic states, while hypoglutamatergic drug use states would not resolve with blocking NMDA receptors. Second, memantine pharmacokinetic studies have been done in rodents and healthy volunteers, but not in patients with substance use disorder. Memantine, opiates, cocaine, and nicotine share the same transporter family at the blood brain barrier. This shared transport mechanism could impact brain concentrations of memantine and its effects. In conclusion, memantine remains an intriguing compound in our pharmacopeia with controversial results in treating certain aspects of drug addiction. Further studies are needed to understand the clinical and biological correlates of its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Montemitro
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neuroscience & Imaging, Università degli Studi G. d'Annunzio Chieti e Pescara, Italy.
| | - Alexandra Angebrandt
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tzu-Yun Wang
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Mauro Pettorruso
- Department of Neuroscience & Imaging, Università degli Studi G. d'Annunzio Chieti e Pescara, Italy
| | - Osama A Abulseoud
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 5777 E Mayo Blvd, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
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Abstract
Astroglia are key regulators of synaptic function, playing central roles in homeostatic ion buffering, energy dynamics, transmitter uptake, maintenance of neurotransmitter pools, and regulation of synaptic plasticity through release of neuroactive chemicals. Given the myriad of crucial homeostatic and signaling functions attributed to astrocytes and the variety of neurotransmitter receptors expressed by astroglia, they serve as prime cellular candidates for establishing maladaptive synaptic plasticity following drug exposure. Initial studies on astroglia and addiction have placed drug-mediated disruptions in the homeostatic regulation of glutamate as a central aspect of relapse vulnerability. However, the generation of sophisticated tools to study and manipulate astroglia have proven that the interaction between addictive substances, astroglia, and relapse-relevant synaptic plasticity extends far beyond the homeostatic regulation of glutamate. Here we present astroglial systems impacted by drug exposure and discuss how changes in astroglial biology contribute to addiction biology.
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Astrocyte-neuron signaling in the mesolimbic dopamine system: the hidden stars of dopamine signaling. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:1864-1872. [PMID: 34253855 PMCID: PMC8429665 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01090-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes are fundamental components of brain information processing and possess the ability to respond to synaptic signaling with increases in cytoplasmic calcium and modulate neuronal activity with the subsequent release of neuroactive transmitters. Dopamine signaling is essential for brain physiology and pathology, participating in learning and memory, motor control, neurological diseases, and psychiatric diseases, and astrocytes are emerging as a key cellular target of dopamine signaling. The present review will examine evidence revealing that astrocytes respond to dopamine and modulate information processing in the primary brain regions implicated in the mesolimbic dopamine system. Astrocytes exhibit circuit-specific modulation of neuronal networks and have the potential to serve as a therapeutic target for interventions designed for dopamine pathologies.
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31
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Doyno CR, White CM. Sedative-Hypnotic Agents That Impact Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Receptors: Focus on Flunitrazepam, Gamma-Hydroxybutyric Acid, Phenibut, and Selank. J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 61 Suppl 2:S114-S128. [PMID: 34396551 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
There are many nonopioid central nervous system depressant substances that share a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor-related mechanism of action. These sedatives-hypnotics can be indicated to treat anxiety, seizures, depression, and insomnia but are also used as substances of abuse and used to facilitate sexual assault. Barbiturates, methaqualone, and glutethimide were among the first type A GABA receptor-mediated sedative-hypnotics. Their clinical use was limited for most indications by serious adverse events and strong abuse potential but continue to be used illicitly around the world. The benzodiazepines supplanted barbiturates for most indications because they were less likely to cause severe adverse events in monotherapy. Flunitrazepam is a newer benzodiazepine that is preferentially used recreationally and to facilitate sexual assault. Flunitrazepam has greater potency and higher affinity for the type A GABA receptor than most benzodiazepines. Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid is sought illicitly for its hypnotic, euphoric and anabolic effects as well as to facilitate sexual assault. When any of these GABAergic drugs are used in high doses or with other sedative hypnotic agents, respiratory depression, coma, and death have occurred. Chronic use of these GABAergic drugs can lead to significant withdrawal syndromes. Phenibut and selank are poorly studied Russian drugs with GABAergic mechanisms that are inexplicably sold to US consumers as dietary supplements. Poison control center calls regarding phenibut have increased substantially over the past 5 years. Desired euphoriant effects account for the recreational and illicit use of many GABA-modulating agents. However, illicit use can lead to significant toxicities related to abuse, dependence, and subsequent withdrawal syndromes. Significant evaluation of developing agents with GABA properties should be conducted to determine abuse potential before public access ensues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra R Doyno
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Connecticut School of Pharmacy, Storrs, Connecticut, USA.,John Dempsey Hospital, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - C Michael White
- Department of Research Administration, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
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32
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McClure EA, Wahlquist AE, Tomko RL, Baker NL, Carpenter MJ, Bradley ED, Cato PA, Gipson CD, Gray KM. Evaluating N-acetylcysteine for early and end-of-treatment abstinence in adult cigarette smokers. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 225:108815. [PMID: 34171822 PMCID: PMC8282766 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is robust preclinical literature and preliminary clinical findings supporting the use of N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) to treat substance use disorders, including tobacco use disorder (TUD). However, randomized controlled trials have yielded mixed results and NAC's efficacy for TUD has not been established. The goals of this study were to assess the efficacy of NAC in promoting early and end-of-treatment abstinence and preventing relapse among adult smokers. METHODS This randomized, double-blinded clinical trial enrolled adult, daily smokers (N = 114; ages 23-64; 51 % female; 65 % White; 29 % Black/African American; 7% Hispanic/Latinx), who were randomized 1:1 to receive NAC (n = 59) or placebo (n = 55) (1200 mg b.i.d.) for eight weeks. Participants received brief cessation counseling and incentives for abstinence during the first three days of the quit attempt. Primary outcomes: (i) carbon monoxide (CO)-confirmed abstinence during the first three days of the quit attempt. SECONDARY OUTCOMES (ii) time to relapse; (iii) biologically confirmed abstinence at Week 8. RESULTS No differences were found between NAC and placebo groups on measures of early abstinence (3-day quit attempt; 11 % for NAC vs. 15 % for placebo; all p > 0.11), time to relapse (p = 0.19), and end-of-treatment abstinence (7% for NAC vs. 11 % for placebo; all p > 0.40]. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that NAC is a well-tolerated pharmacotherapy but is unlikely to be efficacious as a monotherapy for TUD in adults. Considered in the collective context of other research, NAC may potentially be more useful in a younger population, as a combination pharmacotherapy, or in the presence of more intensive psychosocial treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin A. McClure
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 67 President St., MSC 861, Charleston SC, 29425, USA,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas St., Charleston SC, 29425, USA,Corresponding Author: Erin A. McClure, Ph.D., Medical University of South Carolina, 67 President St, MSC 861, Charleston, SC 29425, Phone: 843-792-7192,
| | - Amy E. Wahlquist
- East Tennessee State University, Center for Rural Health Research, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, 104 Lamb Hall, Johnson City, TN, 37612, USA
| | - Rachel L. Tomko
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 67 President St., MSC 861, Charleston SC, 29425, USA
| | - Nathaniel L. Baker
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Public Health Sciences, 135 Cannon St., Charleston SC, 29425, USA
| | - Matthew J. Carpenter
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 67 President St., MSC 861, Charleston SC, 29425, USA,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas St., Charleston SC, 29425, USA
| | - Elizabeth D. Bradley
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 67 President St., MSC 861, Charleston SC, 29425, USA
| | - Patrick A. Cato
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 67 President St., MSC 861, Charleston SC, 29425, USA
| | - Cassandra D. Gipson
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Kentucky, 2195 Harrodsburg Rd., Lexington KY, 40504, USA
| | - Kevin M. Gray
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 67 President St., MSC 861, Charleston SC, 29425, USA
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Carpita B, Muti D, Nardi B, Benedetti F, Cappelli A, Cremone IM, Carmassi C, Dell’Osso L. Biochemical Correlates of Video Game Use: From Physiology to Pathology. A Narrative Review. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:775. [PMID: 34440519 PMCID: PMC8401252 DOI: 10.3390/life11080775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, video game playing progressively became a widespread activity for many people, in childhood as well in adulthood. An increasing amount of literature has focused on pathological and non-pathological correlates of video game playing, with specific attention towards Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD). While many neurobiological studies in this field were based on neuroimaging, highlighting structural and functional brain changes among video game users, only a limited number of studies investigated the presence of biochemical correlates of video gaming. The present work aims to summarize and review the available literature about biochemical changes linked to video game use in IGD patients as well as non-pathological users, and the differences in between. Results may shed light on risks and benefits of video games, providing directions for further research on IGD treatment and, on other hand, on the potential role of video games in therapeutic or preventive protocols for specific conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Carpita
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (B.N.); (F.B.); (A.C.); (I.M.C.); (C.C.); (L.D.)
| | - Dario Muti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (B.N.); (F.B.); (A.C.); (I.M.C.); (C.C.); (L.D.)
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34
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Vrettou M, Yan L, Nilsson KW, Wallén-Mackenzie Å, Nylander I, Comasco E. DNA methylation of Vesicular Glutamate Transporters in the mesocorticolimbic brain following early-life stress and adult ethanol exposure-an explorative study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15322. [PMID: 34321562 PMCID: PMC8319394 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94739-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation and gene expression can be altered by early life stress (ELS) and/or ethanol consumption. The present study aimed to investigate whether DNA methylation of the Vesicular Glutamate Transporters (Vglut)1-3 is related to previously observed Vglut1-3 transcriptional differences in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), nucleus accumbens (Acb), dorsal striatum (dStr) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of adult rats exposed to ELS, modelled by maternal separation, and voluntary ethanol consumption. Targeted next-generation bisulfite sequencing was performed to identify the methylation levels on 61 5′-cytosine-phosphate-guanosine-3′ sites (CpGs) in potential regulatory regions of Vglut1, 53 for Vglut2, and 51 for Vglut3. In the VTA, ELS in ethanol-drinking rats was associated with Vglut1-2 CpG-specific hypomethylation, whereas bidirectional Vglut2 methylation differences at single CpGs were associated with ELS alone. Exposure to both ELS and ethanol, in the Acb, was associated with lower promoter and higher intronic Vglut3 methylation; and in the dStr, with higher and lower methylation in 26% and 43% of the analyzed Vglut1 CpGs, respectively. In the mPFC, lower Vglut2 methylation was observed upon exposure to ELS or ethanol. The present findings suggest Vglut1-3 CpG-specific methylation signatures of ELS and ethanol drinking, underlying previously reported Vglut1-3 transcriptional differences in the mesocorticolimbic brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vrettou
- Department of Neuroscience, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Kent W Nilsson
- Centre for Clinical Research Västerås, Uppsala University, Västmanland County Hospital Västerås, Uppsala, Sweden.,The School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden
| | | | - Ingrid Nylander
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erika Comasco
- Department of Neuroscience, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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35
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Systemic administration of N-acetylcysteine during the extinction period and on the reinstatement day decreased the maintenance of morphine rewarding properties in the rats. Behav Brain Res 2021; 413:113451. [PMID: 34256079 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Many animal studies and early clinical trials suggested that N-acetylcysteine (NAC) may benefit addiction treatment. The present study tried to evaluate whether chronic administration of systemic NAC during the extinction period and acute administration of systemic NAC on the reinstatement day could reduce the maintenance of the morphine rewarding properties in the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm in the rats. Ninety-six adult male Wistar rats (190-220 g) were examined with morphine (7 mg/kg; sc) and saline (1 mL/kg; sc) during the 3-day conditioning phase in the CPP paradigm. After the acquisition of morphine CPP, different doses of NAC were daily administered during the extinction period (5, 10, 25, and 50 mg/kg; ip), or 30 min before the CPP test on the reinstatement day (2, 5, 10, 25, and 50 mg/kg; ip). Conditioning score and locomotor activity were recorded by the video tracking system and Ethovision software after acquisition on the post-conditioning day, the extinction period, and reinstatement day. Daily NAC administration in high doses (25 and 50 mg/kg; ip) reduced extinction-responding compared with the vehicle-control group during the extinction period. Although a single injection of NAC in doses 10, 25, 50 mg/kg decreased the reinstatement of morphine-induced CPP, two lower doses (2 and 5 mg/kg) could not significantly reduce the CPP scores. These are the first data suggesting that NAC's application during the extinction period could attenuate the morphine reward-associated behaviors in the rats. Moreover, NAC could inhibit the reinstatement of morphine CPP, which adds to the growing appreciation that the NAC may have potential therapeutic use in combating morphine dependence. It can be consistent with the hypothesis of the involvement of the glutamatergic system in the pathophysiology of addiction.
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Silva-Cardoso GK, Nobre MJ. Context-Specific Tolerance and Pharmacological Changes in the Infralimbic Cortex-Nucleus Accumbens Shell Pathway Evoked by Ketamine. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1686-1700. [PMID: 33786719 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03300-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Like other drugs, ketamine is abused due to its ability to act as a positive reinforcer in the control of behavior, just as natural reinforcers do. Besides, through Pavlovian conditioning, tolerance to drug effects can become conditioned to specific contextual cues showing that environmental stimuli can act as powerful mediators of craving and relapse. In the present study, we shall investigate the effects of long-term ketamine administration and withdrawal on behavioral measures and emotionality, the drug-context-specific influence on the tolerance to the sedative effects of an anesthetic dose of ketamine, and the neuropharmacological events underlying this phenomenon, in rats conditioned with 10 mg/kg of ketamine and later challenged with a dose of ketamine of 80 mg/kg in a familiar and non-familiar environment. Variations in dopamine and serotonin efflux in the infralimbic cortex-nucleus accumbens shell circuitry (IL-NAcSh) was further recorded in the same conditions. Our results highlight that besides its well-known reinforcing properties, ketamine also shares the ability to induce behavioral and pharmacological conditioned tolerance, associated with increases in cortical (IL), and decreases in striatal (NAcSh) dopamine release. To our knowledge, we are presenting the first set of behavioral and neurochemical data showing that, like other drugs of abuse, ketamine can induce learned context-specific tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleice Kelli Silva-Cardoso
- Laboratório de Psicobiologia, Departamento de Psicologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-901, Brasil
| | - Manoel Jorge Nobre
- Departamento de Psicologia, Uni-FACEF, Franca, SP, 14401-135, Brasil.
- Laboratório de Psicobiologia, Departamento de Psicologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-901, Brasil.
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Guzman AS, Avalos MP, De Giovanni LN, Euliarte PV, Sanchez MA, Mongi-Bragato B, Rigoni D, Bollati FA, Virgolini MB, Cancela LM. CB1R activation in nucleus accumbens core promotes stress-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking by elevating extracellular glutamate in a drug-paired context. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12964. [PMID: 34155271 PMCID: PMC8217548 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92389-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical models of stress-induced relapse to drug use have shown that the dysregulation of glutamatergic transmission within the nucleus accumbens (NA) contributes notably to the reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior in rodents. In this sense, there has been increasing interest in the cannabinoid type-1 receptor (CB1R), due to its crucial role in modulating glutamatergic neurotransmission within brain areas involved in drug-related behaviors. This study explored the involvement of CB1R within the NA subregions in the restraint stress-induced reinstatement of cocaine-conditioned place preference (CPP), as well as in the regulation of glutamatergic transmission, by using a pharmacological approach and the in vivo microdialysis sampling technique in freely moving rats. CB1R blockade by the antagonist/inverse agonist AM251 (5 nmol/0.5 μl/side) or CB1R activation by the agonist ACEA (0.01 fmol/0.5 μl/side), prevented or potentiated restraint stress-induced reinstatement of cocaine-CPP, respectively, after local administration into NAcore, but not NAshell. In addition, microdialysis experiments demonstrated that restraint stress elicited a significant increase in extracellular glutamate in NAcore under reinstatement conditions, with the local administration of AM251 or ACEA inhibiting or potentiating this, respectively. Interestingly, this rise specifically corresponded to the cocaine-associated CPP compartment. We also showed that this context-dependent change in glutamate paralleled the expression of cocaine-CPP, and disappeared after the extinction of this response. Taken together, these findings demonstrated the key role played by CB1R in mediating reinstatement of cocaine-CPP after restraint stress, through modulation of the context-specific glutamate release within NAcore. Additionally, CB1R regulation of basal extracellular glutamate was demonstrated and proposed as the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea S Guzman
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Maria P Avalos
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura N De Giovanni
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Pia V Euliarte
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marianela A Sanchez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Bethania Mongi-Bragato
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Daiana Rigoni
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Flavia A Bollati
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Miriam B Virgolini
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Liliana M Cancela
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina. .,Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Zoccatelli G, Alessandrini F, Rimondo C, Beltramello A, Serpelloni G, M Ciceri EF. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Adolescent Cannabis Users: Metabolites in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex Reflects Individual Differences in Personality Traits and can Affect Rehabilitation Compliance. Neurol India 2021; 68:640-647. [PMID: 32643678 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.288984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has shown to play a role in impulsivity, fear, and anxiety. Considering, its high glutamate receptor density, it was chosen as a region of interest to investigate the role of glutamate transmission in drug dependance. We investigated the correlations between personality trait scores and glutamate-to-glutamine (Glx) ratio concentrations in the ACC in order to evaluate if (1) personality traits may increase the probability of drug use and (2) drug use can modify cerebral metabolic pattern contributing to addictive behaviors. Materials and Methods Glx ratio concentrations in the ACC region were measured with high-resolution multivoxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). Personality traits were evaluated utilizing Cloninger's TCI-revised test. Bivariate correlations between personality scores of 28 teens cannabis users (males, mean age = 18.54 ± 2.80) were evaluated. Results In the ACC, we observed negative correlation between GG concentrations (r = -0.44, P = 0.05) and co-operativeness values (CO), choline (cho), and novelty seeking (NS) values (r = -0,45, P = 0.05). Low levels of glutamate and high levels of cho in the ACC were closely related to the CO and NS personality traits. Conclusions Metabolic and personality patterns seems to be related to the risk of substance predisposition in adolescents. Our data contribute a possible support to the "top-down" control of the ACC on brain metabolism, due to the particular cerebral metabolic pattern found in "drug-using" adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Zoccatelli
- Department of Diagnostics and Pathology, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Franco Alessandrini
- Department of Diagnostics and Pathology, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Claudia Rimondo
- Italian Early Warning System on Drugs, Presidency of the Council of Ministers, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Serpelloni
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Florida- Drug Policy Institute, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Elisa F M Ciceri
- Department of Diagnostics and Pathology, University Hospital of Verona, Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Neurologico "C.Besta", Milan, Italy
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Angoa-Pérez M, Kuhn DM. Evidence for Modulation of Substance Use Disorders by the Gut Microbiome: Hidden in Plain Sight. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:571-596. [PMID: 33597276 PMCID: PMC7896134 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome modulates neurochemical function and behavior and has been implicated in numerous central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including developmental, neurodegenerative, and psychiatric disorders. Substance use disorders (SUDs) remain a serious threat to the public well-being, yet gut microbiome involvement in drug abuse has received very little attention. Studies of the mechanisms underlying SUDs have naturally focused on CNS reward circuits. However, a significant body of research has accumulated over the past decade that has unwittingly provided strong support for gut microbiome participation in drug reward. β-Lactam antibiotics have been employed to increase glutamate transporter expression to reverse relapse-induced release of glutamate. Sodium butyrate has been used as a histone deacetylase inhibitor to prevent drug-induced epigenetic alterations. High-fat diets have been used to alter drug reward because of the extensive overlap of the circuitry mediating them. This review article casts these approaches in a different light and makes a compelling case for gut microbiome modulation of SUDs. Few factors alter the structure and composition of the gut microbiome more than antibiotics and a high-fat diet, and butyrate is an endogenous product of bacterial fermentation. Drugs such as cocaine, alcohol, opiates, and psychostimulants also modify the gut microbiome. Therefore, their effects must be viewed on a complex background of cotreatment-induced dysbiosis. Consideration of the gut microbiome in SUDs should have the beneficial effects of expanding the understanding of SUDs and aiding in the design of new therapies based on opposing the effects of abused drugs on the host's commensal bacterial community. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Proposed mechanisms underlying substance use disorders fail to acknowledge the impact of drugs of abuse on the gut microbiome. β-Lactam antibiotics, sodium butyrate, and high-fat diets are used to modify drug seeking and reward, overlooking the notable capacity of these treatments to alter the gut microbiome. This review aims to stimulate research on substance abuse-gut microbiome interactions by illustrating how drugs of abuse share with antibiotics, sodium butyrate, and fat-laden diets the ability to modify the host microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Angoa-Pérez
- Research and Development Service, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Donald M Kuhn
- Research and Development Service, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
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Huang CL, Chen PH, Lane HY, Ho IK, Chung CM. Risk Assessment for Heroin Use and Craving Score Using Polygenic Risk Score. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11040259. [PMID: 33915886 PMCID: PMC8066654 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11040259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Addiction is characterized by drug-craving, compulsive drug-taking, and relapse, and results from the interaction between multiple genetic and environmental factors. Reward pathways play an important role in mediating drug-seeking and drug-taking behaviors, and relapse. The objective of this study was to identify heroin addicts who carry specific genetic variants in their dopaminergic reward systems. A total of 326 heroin-dependent patients undergoing methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) were recruited from the Addiction Center of the China Medical University Hospital. A heroin-use and craving questionnaire was used to evaluate the urge for heroin, the daily or weekly frequency of heroin usage, daily life disturbance, anxiety, and the ability to overcome heroin use. A general linear regression model was used to assess the associations of genetic polymorphisms in one's dopaminergic reward system with heroin-use and craving scores. Results: The most significant results were obtained for rs2240158 in GRIN3B (p = 0.021), rs3983721 in GRIN3A (p = 0.00326), rs2129575 in TPH2 (p = 0.033), rs6583954 in CYP2C19 (p = 0.033), and rs174699 in COMT (p = 0.036). These were all associated with heroin-using and craving scores with and without adjustments for age, sex, and body mass index. We combined five variants, and the ensuing dose-response effect indicated that heroin-craving scores increased with the numbers of risk alleles (p for trend = 0.0008). These findings will likely help us to understand the genetic mechanism of craving, which will help in predicting the risk of relapse in clinical practice and the potential for therapies to target craving in heroin addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Liang Huang
- Tsaotun Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Nan-Tou County 54249, Taiwan;
- Ph.D. Program for Aging, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
| | - Ping-Ho Chen
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yuan Lane
- Department of Psychiatry & Brain Disease Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
- Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Kang Ho
- Ph.D. Program for Aging, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
- Center for Drug Abuse and Addiction, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Min Chung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
- Center for Drug Abuse and Addiction, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 2028)
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Yang JH, Sohn S, Kim S, Kim J, Oh JH, Ryu IS, Go BS, Choe ES. Repeated nicotine exposure increases the intracellular interaction between ERK-mGluR5 in the nucleus accumbens more in adult than adolescent rats. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12913. [PMID: 32339332 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular interactions between protein kinases and metabotropic receptors in the striatum regulate behavioral changes in response to drug exposure. We investigated the difference in the degree of interaction between extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) after repeated exposure to nicotine in adult and adolescent rats. The results showed that repeated exposure to nicotine (0.5 mg/kg/day, s.c.) for seven consecutive days increased ERK phosphorylation more in adults than in adolescents. Furthermore, membrane expression of mGluR5 in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) medium spiny neurons was higher in adults than adolescents as a result of repeated exposure to nicotine. Blockade of mGluR5 with MPEP (0.5 nmol/side) decreased the repeated nicotine-induced increase in ERK phosphorylation. Either blockade of mGluR5 or inhibition of ERK with SL327 (150 nmol/side) decreased the repeated nicotine-induced increase in the level of inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3 ), a key transducer associated with mGluR5-coupled signaling cascades. Similarly, interference of binding between activated ERK and mGluR5 by the blocking peptide, Tat-mGluR5-i (2 nmol/side), decreased the repeated nicotine-induced increases in IP3 and locomotor activity in adults. These findings suggest that the intracellular interaction between ERK and mGluR5 in the NAc is stronger in adult than in adolescent rats, which enhances the understanding of age-associated behavioral changes that occur after repeated exposure to nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hwan Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences Pusan National University Busan South Korea
| | - Sumin Sohn
- Department of Biological Sciences Pusan National University Busan South Korea
| | - Sunghyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences Pusan National University Busan South Korea
| | - Jieun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences Pusan National University Busan South Korea
| | - Jeong Hwan Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences Pusan National University Busan South Korea
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences Pukyong National University Busan South Korea
| | - In Soo Ryu
- Department of Biological Sciences Pusan National University Busan South Korea
- Korea Institute of Toxicology Daejeon South Korea
| | - Bok Soon Go
- Department of Biological Sciences Pusan National University Busan South Korea
| | - Eun Sang Choe
- Department of Biological Sciences Pusan National University Busan South Korea
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Fischer KD, Knackstedt LA, Rosenberg PA. Glutamate homeostasis and dopamine signaling: Implications for psychostimulant addiction behavior. Neurochem Int 2021; 144:104896. [PMID: 33159978 PMCID: PMC8489281 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine, amphetamine, and methamphetamine abuse disorders are serious worldwide health problems. To date, there are no FDA-approved medications for the treatment of these disorders. Elucidation of the biochemical underpinnings contributing to psychostimulant addiction is critical for the development of effective therapies. Excitatory signaling and glutamate homeostasis are well known pathophysiological substrates underlying addiction-related behaviors spanning multiple types of psychostimulants. To alleviate relapse behavior to psychostimulants, considerable interest has focused on GLT-1, the major glutamate transporter in the brain. While many brain regions are implicated in addiction behavior, this review focuses on two regions well known for their role in mediating the effects of cocaine and amphetamines, namely the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and the ventral tegmental area (VTA). In addition, because many investigators have utilized Cre-driver lines to selectively control gene expression in defined cell populations relevant for psychostimulant addiction, we discuss potential off-target effects of Cre-recombinase that should be considered in the design and interpretation of such experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn D Fischer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Lori A Knackstedt
- Psychology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Paul A Rosenberg
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Hammad AM, Alasmari F, Sari Y. Effect of Modulation of the Astrocytic Glutamate Transporters' Expression on Cocaine-Induced Reinstatement in Male P Rats Exposed to Ethanol. Alcohol Alcohol 2021; 56:210-219. [PMID: 33063090 PMCID: PMC11004936 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agaa104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Reinforcing properties of ethanol and cocaine are mediated in part through the glutamatergic system. Extracellular glutamate concentration is strictly maintained through several glutamate transporters, such as glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1), cystine/glutamate transporter (xCT) and glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST). Previous findings revealed that cocaine and ethanol exposure downregulated GLT-1 and xCT, and that β-lactam antibiotics restored their expression. METHODS In this study, we investigated the effect of ampicillin/sulbactam (AMP/SUL) (200 mg/kg, i.p.), a β-lactam antibiotic, on cocaine-induced reinstatement and locomotor activity in male alcohol preferring (P) rats using free choice ethanol (15 and 30%, v/v) and water. We also investigated the effect of co-exposure to ethanol and cocaine (20 mg/kg, i.p.) on GLT-1, xCT and GLAST expression in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) core, NAc shell and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC). RESULTS Cocaine exposure decreased ethanol intake and preference. Cocaine and ethanol co-exposure acquired place preference and increased locomotor activity compared to ethanol-exposed rats. GLT-1 and xCT expression were downregulated after cocaine and ethanol co-exposure in the NAc core and shell, but not in dmPFC. AMP/SUL attenuated reinstatement to cocaine as well attenuated the decrease in locomotor activity and ethanol intake and preference. These effects were associated with upregulation of GLT-1 and xCT expression in the NAc core/shell and dmPFC. GLAST expression was not affected after ethanol and cocaine co-exposure or AMP/SUL treatment. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that astrocytic glutamate transporters within the mesocorticolimbic area are critical targets in modulating cocaine-seeking behavior while being consuming ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa M Hammad
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Fawaz Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Youssef Sari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
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Abstract
A growing body of evidence from the past 15 years implicates epigenetic mechanisms in the behavioral effects of addictive drugs. The main focus of these studies has been epigenetic mechanisms of psychomotor sensitization and drug reinforcement, as assessed by the conditioned place preference and drug self-administration procedures. Some of these studies have documented long-lasting changes in the expression of epigenetic enzymes and molecules that persist for weeks after the last drug exposure. These observations have inspired more recent investigations on the epigenetic mechanisms of relapse to drug seeking after prolonged abstinence. Here, we review studies that have examined epigenetic mechanisms (e.g., histone modifications, chromatin remodeler-associated modifications, and DNA methylation) that contribute to relapse to cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, morphine, heroin, nicotine, or alcohol seeking, as assessed in rodent models. We first provide a brief overview of studies that have examined persistent epigenetic changes in the brain after prolonged abstinence from noncontingent drug exposure or drug self-administration. Next, we review studies on the effect of either systemic or brain site-specific epigenetic manipulations on the reinstatement of drug-conditioned place preference after extinction of the learned preference, the reinstatement of drug seeking after operant drug self-administration and extinction of the drug-reinforced responding, and the incubation of drug craving (the time-dependent increase in drug seeking after cessation of drug self-administration). We conclude by discussing the implications of these studies for understanding mechanisms contributing to persistent relapse vulnerability after prolonged abstinence. We also discuss the implications of these results for translational research on the potential use of systemically administered epigenetic enzyme inhibitors for relapse prevention in human drug users.
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Morales-Puerto N, Giménez-Gómez P, Pérez-Hernández M, Abuin-Martínez C, Gil de Biedma-Elduayen L, Vidal R, Gutiérrez-López MD, O'Shea E, Colado MI. Addiction and the kynurenine pathway: A new dancing couple? Pharmacol Ther 2021; 223:107807. [PMID: 33476641 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Drug use poses a serious threat to health systems throughout the world and the number of consumers rises relentlessly every year. The kynurenine pathway, main pathway of tryptophan degradation, has drawn interest in this field due to its relationship with addictive behaviour. Recently it has been confirmed that modulation of kynurenine metabolism at certain stages of the pathway can reduce, prevent or abolish drug seeking-like behaviours in studies with several different drugs. In this review, we present an up-to-date summary of the evidences of a relationship between drug use and the kynurenine pathway, both the alterations of the pathway due to drug use as well as modulation of the pathway as a potential approach to treat drug addiction. The review discusses ethanol, nicotine, cannabis, amphetamines, cocaine and opioids and new prospects in the drug research field are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Morales-Puerto
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; Red de Trastornos Adictivos del Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUIN), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Giménez-Gómez
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; Red de Trastornos Adictivos del Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUIN), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Pérez-Hernández
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; Red de Trastornos Adictivos del Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUIN), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Abuin-Martínez
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; Red de Trastornos Adictivos del Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUIN), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leticia Gil de Biedma-Elduayen
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; Red de Trastornos Adictivos del Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUIN), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Vidal
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; Red de Trastornos Adictivos del Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUIN), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Dolores Gutiérrez-López
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; Red de Trastornos Adictivos del Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUIN), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther O'Shea
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; Red de Trastornos Adictivos del Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUIN), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Isabel Colado
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; Red de Trastornos Adictivos del Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUIN), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
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Chowdhury NS, Livesey EJ, Blaszczynski A, Harris JA. Motor cortex dysfunction in problem gamblers. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12871. [PMID: 31927792 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Impairments in response inhibition have been implicated in gambling psychopathology. This behavioral impairment may suggest that the neural mechanisms involved in response inhibition, such as GABAA -mediated neurotransmission in the primary motor cortex (M1), are also impaired. The present study obtained paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation markers of GABAA and glutamate receptor activity from the left M1 of three groups-problem gamblers (n = 17, 12 males), at-risk gamblers (n = 29, 19 males), and controls (n = 23, six males)-with each group matched for alcohol use, substance use, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptomology. Response inhibition was measured using the stop signal task. Results showed that problem gamblers had weaker M1 GABAA receptor activity relative to controls and elevated M1 glutamate receptor activity relative to at-risk gamblers and controls. Although there were no differences in response inhibition between the groups, poorer response inhibition was correlated with weaker M1 GABAA receptor activity. These findings are the first to show that problem gambling is associated with alterations in M1 GABAA and glutamate-mediated neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahian S. Chowdhury
- School of Psychology The University of Sydney Camperdown New South Wales Australia
| | - Evan J. Livesey
- School of Psychology The University of Sydney Camperdown New South Wales Australia
| | - Alex Blaszczynski
- School of Psychology The University of Sydney Camperdown New South Wales Australia
| | - Justin A. Harris
- School of Psychology The University of Sydney Camperdown New South Wales Australia
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Wang K, Smolker HR, Brown MS, Snyder HR, Hankin BL, Banich MT. Association of γ-aminobutyric acid and glutamate/glutamine in the lateral prefrontal cortex with patterns of intrinsic functional connectivity in adults. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 225:1903-1919. [PMID: 32803293 PMCID: PMC8765125 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02084-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This study examined how levels of neurotransmitters in the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC), a region underlying higher-order cognition, are related to the brain's intrinsic functional organization. Using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), GABA+ and Glx (glutamate + glutamine) levels in the left dorsal (DLPFC) and left ventral (VLPFC) lateral prefrontal cortex were obtained in a sample of 64 female adults (mean age = 48.5). We measured intrinsic connectivity via resting-state fMRI in three ways: (a) via seed-based connectivity for each of the two spectroscopy voxels; (b) via the spatial configurations of 17 intrinsic networks defined by a well-known template; and (c) via examination of the temporal inter-relationships between these intrinsic networks. The results showed that different neurotransmitter indexes (Glx-specific, GABA+-specific, Glx-GABA+ average and Glx-GABA+ ratio) were associated with distinct patterns of intrinsic connectivity. Neurotransmitter levels in the left LPFC are mainly associated with connectivity of right hemisphere prefrontal (e.g., DLPFC) or striatal (e.g., putamen) regions, two areas of the brain connected to LPFC via large white matter tracts. While the directions of these associations were mixed, in most cases, higher Glx levels are related to reduced connectivity. Prefrontal neurotransmitter levels are also associated with the degree of connectivity between non-prefrontal regions. These results suggest robust relationships between the brain's intrinsic functional organization and local neurotransmitters in the LPFC which may be constrained by white matter neuroanatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, China; School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, No. 55 West Zhongshan Avenue, Guangzhou, 510631, Guangdong, China.
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, 344 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80309-0344, USA.
| | - Harry R Smolker
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, 344 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80309-0344, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, E230 Muenzinger Hall, UCB 345, Boulder, CO, 80309-0345, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, 1480 30th Street, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Mark S Brown
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12401 E 17th Place, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Hannah R Snyder
- Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA, 02453, USA
| | - Benjamin L Hankin
- Psychology Department, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, 603 E. Daniel Street, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
| | - Marie T Banich
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, 344 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80309-0344, USA.
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, E230 Muenzinger Hall, UCB 345, Boulder, CO, 80309-0345, USA.
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Namba MD, Kupchik YM, Spencer SM, Garcia‐Keller C, Goenaga JG, Powell GL, Vicino IA, Hogue IB, Gipson CD. Accumbens neuroimmune signaling and dysregulation of astrocytic glutamate transport underlie conditioned nicotine-seeking behavior. Addict Biol 2020; 25:e12797. [PMID: 31330570 PMCID: PMC7323912 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine self-administration is associated with decreased expression of the glial glutamate transporter (GLT-1) and the cystine-glutamate exchange protein xCT within the nucleus accumbens core (NAcore). N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been shown to restore these proteins in a rodent model of drug addiction and relapse. However, the specific molecular mechanisms driving its inhibitory effects on cue-induced nicotine reinstatement are unknown. Here, we confirm that extinction of nicotine-seeking behavior is associated with impaired NAcore GLT-1 function and expression and demonstrates that reinstatement of nicotine seeking rapidly enhances membrane fraction GLT-1 expression. Extinction and cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine seeking was also associated with increased tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and decreased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression in the NAcore. NAC treatment (100 mg/kg/day, i.p., for 5 d) inhibited cue-induced nicotine seeking and suppressed AMPA to NMDA current ratios, suggesting that NAC reduces NAcore postsynaptic excitability. In separate experiments, rats received NAC and an antisense vivo-morpholino to selectively suppress GLT-1 expression in the NAcore during extinction and were subsequently tested for cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine seeking. NAC treatment rescued NAcore GLT-1 expression and attenuated cue-induced nicotine seeking, which was blocked by GLT-1 antisense. NAC also reduced TNFα expression in the NAcore. Viral manipulation of the NF-κB pathway, which is downstream of TNFα, revealed that cue-induced nicotine seeking is regulated by NF-κB pathway signaling in the NAcore independent of GLT-1 expression. Ultimately, these results are the first to show that immunomodulatory mechanisms may regulate known nicotine-induced alterations in glutamatergic plasticity that mediate cue-induced nicotine-seeking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D. Namba
- Department of PsychologyArizona State University Tempe AZ USA
| | - Yonatan M. Kupchik
- Department of Medical NeurobiologyHebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel
| | - Sade M. Spencer
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA
| | | | | | - Gregory L. Powell
- Department of PsychologyArizona State University Tempe AZ USA
- School of Life SciencesArizona State University Tempe AZ USA
| | - Ian A. Vicino
- School of Life SciencesArizona State University Tempe AZ USA
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines, and Virotherapy, Biodesign InstituteArizona State University Tempe AZ USA
| | - Ian B. Hogue
- School of Life SciencesArizona State University Tempe AZ USA
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines, and Virotherapy, Biodesign InstituteArizona State University Tempe AZ USA
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Moerke MJ, McMahon LR, Wilkerson JL. More than Smoke and Patches: The Quest for Pharmacotherapies to Treat Tobacco Use Disorder. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 72:527-557. [PMID: 32205338 DOI: 10.1124/pr.119.018028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco use is a persistent public health issue. It kills up to half its users and is the cause of nearly 90% of all lung cancers. The main psychoactive component of tobacco is nicotine, primarily responsible for its abuse-related effects. Accordingly, most pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation target nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), nicotine's major site of action in the brain. The goal of the current review is twofold: first, to provide a brief overview of the most commonly used behavioral procedures for evaluating smoking cessation pharmacotherapies and an introduction to pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of nicotine important for consideration in the development of new pharmacotherapies; and second, to discuss current and potential future pharmacological interventions aimed at decreasing tobacco use. Attention will focus on the potential for allosteric modulators of nAChRs to offer an improvement over currently approved pharmacotherapies. Additionally, given increasing public concern for the potential health consequences of using electronic nicotine delivery systems, which allow users to inhale aerosolized solutions as an alternative to smoking tobacco, an effort will be made throughout this review to address the implications of this relatively new form of nicotine delivery, specifically as it relates to smoking cessation. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Despite decades of research that have vastly improved our understanding of nicotine and its effects on the body, only a handful of pharmacotherapies have been successfully developed for use in smoking cessation. Thus, investigation of alternative pharmacological strategies for treating tobacco use disorder remains active; allosteric modulators of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors represent one class of compounds currently under development for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Moerke
- Division of Preclinical Pharmacology, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (M.J.M.) and Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida (L.R.M., J.L.W.)
| | - L R McMahon
- Division of Preclinical Pharmacology, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (M.J.M.) and Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida (L.R.M., J.L.W.)
| | - J L Wilkerson
- Division of Preclinical Pharmacology, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (M.J.M.) and Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida (L.R.M., J.L.W.)
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Revista Digital Internacional de Psicología y Ciencia Social | Volumen 6 | Número 2 | Julio-Diciembre 2020 | Desafíos contemporáneos en educación y salud. REVISTA DIGITAL INTERNACIONAL DE PSICOLOGÍA Y CIENCIA SOCIAL 2020. [DOI: 10.22402/j.rdipycs.unam.6.2.2020.327.245-526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
El actual número se titula “Desafíos contemporáneos en educación y salud” y nos permite conocer acerca de los temas de interés para algunos investigadores y la manera en que se han abordado para su estudio. De manera coincidente este número ha sido trabajado en tiempos de pandemia, donde también nos hemos enfrentado a retos ante las nuevas condiciones para adaptarnos a nuevas formas de trabajo, mayoritariamente a distancia y por ahora a lo que parece ser “la nueva normalidad”, y con ello, en algunos meses, estaremos leyendo trabajos que surjan de estos momentos históricos mundiales, sus implicaciones, problemas, alcances y tal vez sus repercusiones.
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