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Buzzi B, AlSharari SD, Walentiny DM, Damaj MI. Nelotanserin, a selective 5-HT2A receptor inverse agonist, attenuates aspects of nicotine withdrawal but not reward in mice. Behav Brain Res 2024; 467:115019. [PMID: 38677331 PMCID: PMC11250952 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Nicotine smoking contributes to many preventable disabilities, diseases and deaths. Targeting nicotine reward and withdrawal is a basis for the majority of smoking cessation pharmacotherapies. Due to the emergence of interest in 5-HT2A receptor modulators for numerous psychiatric disorders, we investigated the effect of nelotanserin, a 5-HT2A receptor inverse agonist, on nicotine reward and withdrawal in ICR mice. In nicotine-dependent mice, nelotanserin dose-dependently reduced somatic signs of nicotine withdrawal and thermal hyperalgesia as measured in the hot plate test. However, nelotanserin had no effect on anxiety-like behavior and failed to reduce nicotine reward as measured in the conditioned place preference test. Our results suggest that inverse agonism of the 5-HT2A receptor may be a feasible novel mechanism for smoking cessation by reducing both physical withdrawal and thermal hyperalgesia associated with nicotine abstinence but may require complementary pharmacotherapies targeting affective and reward-associated decrements to improve cessation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belle Buzzi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Shakir D AlSharari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - David M Walentiny
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - M Imad Damaj
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Median raphe serotonergic neurons projecting to the interpeduncular nucleus control preference and aversion. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7708. [PMID: 36550097 PMCID: PMC9780347 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35346-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Appropriate processing of reward and aversive information is essential for survival. Although a critical role of serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) in reward processing has been shown, the lack of rewarding effects with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) implies the presence of a discrete serotonergic system playing an opposite role to the DRN in the processing of reward and aversive stimuli. Here, we demonstrated that serotonergic neurons in the median raphe nucleus (MRN) of mice process reward and aversive information in opposite directions to DRN serotonergic neurons. We further identified MRN serotonergic neurons, including those projecting to the interpeduncular nucleus (5-HTMRN→IPN), as a key mediator of reward and aversive stimuli. Moreover, 5-HT receptors, including 5-HT2A receptors in the interpeduncular nucleus, are involved in the aversive properties of MRN serotonergic neural activity. Our findings revealed an essential function of MRN serotonergic neurons, including 5-HTMRN→IPN, in the processing of reward and aversive stimuli.
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Pędzich BD, Medrano M, Buckinx A, Smolders I, De Bundel D. Psychedelic-Induced Serotonin 2A Receptor Downregulation Does Not Predict Swim Stress Coping in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315284. [PMID: 36499610 PMCID: PMC9736085 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotoninergic psychedelics such as psilocybin have been reported to elicit a long-lasting reduction in depressive symptoms. Although the main target for serotoninergic psychedelics, serotonin type 2A receptor (5-HT2A), has been established, the possible mechanism of the antidepressant action of psychedelics remains unknown. Using the mouse forced swim test model, we examined whether the administration of the synthetic serotoninergic psychedelic 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI) would modulate 5-HT2A receptor levels in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and revert stress-induced changes in behavior. Mice subjected to swim stress developed a passive stress-coping strategy when tested in the forced swim test 6 days later. This change in behavior was not associated with the hypothesized increase in 5-HT2A receptor-dependent head twitch behaviors or consistent changes in 5-HT2A receptor levels in the mPFC. When DOI was administered 1 day before the forced swim test, a low dose (0.2 mg/kg i.p.) unexpectedly increased immobility while a high dose (2 mg/kg i.p.) had no significant effect on immobility. Nevertheless, DOI evoked a dose-dependent decrease in 5-HT2A levels in the mPFC of mice previously exposed to swim stress. Our findings do not support the hypothesis that the downregulation of 5-HT2A receptors in the mPFC contributes to the antidepressant-like properties of serotoninergic psychedelics.
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Ponzoni L, Melzi G, Marabini L, Martini A, Petrillo G, Teh MT, Torres-Perez JV, Morara S, Gotti C, Braida D, Brennan CH, Sala M. Conservation of mechanisms regulating emotional-like responses on spontaneous nicotine withdrawal in zebrafish and mammals. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 111:110334. [PMID: 33905756 PMCID: PMC8380689 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotine withdrawal syndrome is a major clinical problem. Animal models with sufficient predictive validity to support translation of pre-clinical findings to clinical research are lacking. AIMS We evaluated the behavioural and neurochemical alterations in zebrafish induced by short- and long-term nicotine withdrawal. METHODS Zebrafish were exposed to 1 mg/L nicotine for 2 weeks. Dependence was determined using behavioural analysis following mecamylamine-induced withdrawal, and brain nicotinic receptor binding studies. Separate groups of nicotine-exposed and control fish were assessed for anxiety-like behaviours, anhedonia and memory deficits following 2-60 days spontaneous withdrawal. Gene expression analysis using whole brain samples from nicotine-treated and control fish was performed at 7 and 60 days after the last drug exposure. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity in pretectum was also analysed. RESULTS Mecamylamine-precipitated withdrawal nicotine-exposed fish showed increased anxiety-like behaviour as evidenced by increased freezing and decreased exploration. 3H-Epibatidine labeled heteromeric nicotinic acethylcholine receptors (nAChR) significantly increased after 2 weeks of nicotine exposure while 125I-αBungarotoxin labeled homomeric nAChR remained unchanged. Spontaneous nicotine withdrawal elicited anxiety-like behaviour (increased bottom dwelling), reduced motivation in terms of no preference for the enriched side in a place preference test starting from Day 7 after withdrawal and a progressive decrease of memory attention (lowering discrimination index). Behavioural differences were associated with brain gene expression changes: nicotine withdrawn animals showed decreased expression of chrna 4 and chrna7 after 60 days, and of htr2a from 7 to 60 days.The expression of c-Fos was significantly increased at 7 days. Finally, Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity increased in dorsal parvocellular pretectal nucleus, but not in periventricular nucleus of posterior tuberculum nor in optic tectum, at 60 days after withdrawal. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that nicotine withdrawal induced anxiety-like behaviour, cognitive alterations, gene expression changes and increase in pretectal TH expression, similar to those observed in humans and rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gloria Melzi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Marabini
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Muy-Teck Teh
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, England, UK
| | - Jose V Torres-Perez
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Daniela Braida
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine
| | - Caroline H Brennan
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Hao YF, Luo T, Lu ZY, Shen CY, Jiang JG. Targets and underlying mechanisms related to the sedative and hypnotic activities of saponins from Rhodiola rosea L. (crassulaceae). Food Funct 2021; 12:10589-10601. [PMID: 34585202 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01178b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Rhodiola rosea L. (Crassulaceae) are popularly used as a natural supplement for the treatment of insomnia and anxiety. Here, saponin extracts from R. rosea were investigated for their roles on relieving sleeplessness. The levels of neurotransmitters, hormones, and inflammation cytokines in plasma, and the expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the hypothalamus and hippocampus were detected using ELISA, RT-PCR, and western blotting. First, the butanol fraction extracted from R. rosea was collected as the total saponins (HJT-I), then a saponin-rich fraction (HJT-II) was obtained after the further purification of HJT-I. The saponin contents of HJT-I and HJT-II were 28.92% and 65.69%, respectively. Second, behavioral tests were performed and showed that both HJT-I and HJT-II could effectively reduce the duration of immobility in the tail suspension test, and shorten sleep latency and prolong the sleep duration time in the sodium barbital-induced sleeping test, with HJT-II better than HJT-I. Third, ELLISA results showed that the concentrations of GABA, 5-HT, norepinephrine (NA), PGD2, and IL-1β in plasma were significantly increased after HJT-I and HJT-II administration, while IL-6 was decreased. HJT-I and HJT-II also exhibited differential modulation of the receptors of 5-HT, GABA, PGD2, and IL-1β expression. In hypothalamus, HJT-II was more powerful than HJT-I in regulation of the GABAARα2, GABAARα3, and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) 65/67 expression, as well as 5-HT2A and IL-1β. As for DPR and PGD2, HJT-II was more effective in the hippocampus. The efficacy of HJT-I was better than HJT-II at stimulating GABAARα2, GAD 65/67, 5-HT1A, and IL-1β expression in the hippocampus. In conclusion, the potential sedative and hypnotic effects of HJT-I and HJT-II may possibly be related to the serotonergic, GABAAergic, and immune systems, while the underlying mechanism of HJT-I and HJT-II differed from each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Fang Hao
- College of Food and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Ting Luo
- College of Food and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Zhong-Yu Lu
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Chun-Yan Shen
- College of Food and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China. .,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jian-Guo Jiang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal models are critical to improve our understanding of the neuronal mechanisms underlying nicotine withdrawal. Nicotine dependence in rodents can be established by repeated nicotine injections, chronic nicotine infusion via osmotic minipumps, oral nicotine intake, tobacco smoke exposure, nicotine vapor exposure, and e-cigarette aerosol exposure. The time course of nicotine withdrawal symptoms associated with these methods has not been reviewed in the literature. AIM The goal of this review is to discuss nicotine withdrawal symptoms associated with the cessation of nicotine, tobacco smoke, nicotine vapor, and e-cigarette aerosol exposure in rats and mice. Furthermore, age and sex differences in nicotine withdrawal symptoms are reviewed. RESULTS Cessation of nicotine, tobacco smoke, nicotine vapor, and e-cigarette aerosol exposure leads to nicotine withdrawal symptoms such as somatic withdrawal signs, changes in locomotor activity, anxiety- and depressive-like behavior, learning and memory deficits, attention deficits, hyperalgesia, and dysphoria. These withdrawal symptoms are most pronounced within the first week after cessation of nicotine exposure. Anxiety- and depressive-like behavior, and deficits in learning and memory may persist for several months. Adolescent (4-6 weeks old) rats and mice display fewer nicotine withdrawal symptoms than adults (>8 weeks old). In adult rats and mice, females show fewer nicotine withdrawal symptoms than males. The smoking cessation drugs bupropion and varenicline reduce nicotine withdrawal symptoms in rodents. CONCLUSION The nicotine withdrawal symptoms that are observed in rodents are similar to those observed in humans. Tobacco smoke and e-cigarette aerosol contain chemicals and added flavors that enhance the reinforcing properties of nicotine. Therefore, more valid animal models of tobacco and e-cigarette use need to be developed by using tobacco smoke and e-cigarette aerosol exposure methods to induce dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Azin Behnood-Rod
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | | | - Ryann Wilson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Vijayapandi Pandy
- Department of Pharmacology, Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guntur, India
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Higgins GA, Sellers EM. 5-HT 2A and 5-HT 2C receptors as potential targets for the treatment of nicotine use and dependence. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 259:229-263. [PMID: 33541678 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine use and dependence, typically achieved through cigarette smoking, but increasingly through vape products, is the leading cause of preventable death today. Despite a recognition that many current smokers would like to quit, the success rate at doing so is low and indicative of the persistent nature of nicotine dependence and the high urge to relapse. There are currently three main forms of pharmacotherapy approved as aids to treat nicotine dependence: a variety of nicotine replacement products (NRT's), the mixed NA/DA reuptake inhibitor bupropion (Zyban®), and the preferential nicotinic α4β2 receptor agonist drug, varenicline (Chantix®); the latter being generally recognized to be the most effective. However, each of these approaches afford only limited efficacy, and various other pharmacological approaches are being explored. This chapter focusses on approaches targeted to the serotonin (5-HT) system, namely, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI's) which served a pioneer role in the investigation of serotoninergic modulators in human smoking cessation trials; and secondly drugs selectively interacting with the 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptor systems. From an efficacy perspective, measured as smoking abstinence, the 5-HT2A agonist psychedelics, namely psilocybin, seem to show the most promise; although as the article highlights, these findings are both preliminary and there are significant challenges to the route to approval, and therapeutic use of this class should they reach approval status. Additional avenues include 5-HT2C receptor agonists, which until recently was pioneered by lorcaserin, and 5-HT2A receptor antagonists represented by pimavanserin. Each of these approaches has distinct profiles across preclinical tests of nicotine dependence, and may have therapeutic potential. It is anticipated as diagnostic and predictive biomarkers emerge, they may provide opportunities for subject stratification and opportunities for personalizing smoking cessation treatment. The clinical assessment of SSRI, 5-HT2A and/or 5-HT2C receptor-based treatments may be best served by this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy A Higgins
- Intervivo Solutions Inc, Fergus, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Edward M Sellers
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; DL Global Partners Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
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Chronic Lorcaserin Treatment Reverses the Nicotine Withdrawal-Induced Disruptions to Behavior and Maturation in Developing Neurons in the Hippocampus of Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020868. [PMID: 33467149 PMCID: PMC7831001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical data have shown that treatment with serotonin (5-HT)2C receptor agonists inhibits the behavioral effects of nicotine, including self-administration, reinstatement, and locomotor responses to nicotine. Since the data on the effects of 5-HT2C receptor agonism on nicotine withdrawal signs are limited, we aimed to investigate whether 5-HT2C receptor agonism alleviated the behavioral and neurobiochemical (hippocampal neurogenesis) consequences of nicotine withdrawal in Sprague-Dawley rats. Our data indicate that withdrawal from nicotine self-administration induced locomotor hyperactivity, lengthened immobility time (the forced swim test), induced ‘drug-seeking’ behavior and deficits in cognition-like behavior (the novel object recognition task). A two-week exposure to the 5-HT2C receptor agonist lorcaserin attenuated locomotor hyperactivity and induced recovery from depression-like behavior. Analyses of brain slices from nicotine-withdrawn animals revealed that lorcaserin treatment recovered the reduced number of doublecortin (DCX)-positive cells, but it did not affect the number of Ki-67- or 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive cells or the maturation of proliferating neurons in drug-weaned rats. To summarize, we show that lorcaserin alleviated locomotor responses and depression-like state during nicotine withdrawal. We propose that the modulatory effect of lorcaserin on the ‘affective’ aspects of nicotine cessation may be linked to the positive changes caused by the compound in hippocampal neurogenesis during nicotine withdrawal.
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Acute and Chronic Nicotine Exposures Differentially Affect Central Serotonin 2A Receptor Function: Focus on the Lateral Habenula. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051873. [PMID: 32182934 PMCID: PMC7084359 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine addiction is a serious public health problem causing millions of deaths worldwide. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) is involved in central nervous system (CNS) nicotine effects, and it has been suggested as a promising pharmacological target for smoking cessation. In this regard, what is particularly interesting are the 5-HT2A receptors (5-HT2ARs) and the lateral habenula (LHb), a central area in nicotine addiction that we showed to be under a strong 5-HT2AR-modulation. Single-cell extracellular recording of LHb neurons was used to study the 5-HT2AR function by intravenously administrating the potent agonist TCB-2. Acute nicotine (2 mg/kg, intraperitoneal, i.p.) and chronic nicotine (6 mg/kg/day for 14 days) differently affected both the 5-HT2AR-immuno reactive (IR) neuron number and the 5-HT2AR immunostaining area in the different brain areas studied. After acute nicotine, TCB-2 cumulative doses (5–640 µg/kg, intravenous, i.v.) bidirectionally affected the activity of 74% of LHb recorded neurons. After chronic nicotine treatment, TCB-2 was only capable of decreasing the LHb firing rate. The expression of 5-HT2AR under acute and chronic nicotine exposure was studied in the LHb and in other brain areas involved in nicotine effects in rats by using immunohistochemistry. These data reveal that acute and chronic nicotine differentially affect the 5-HT2AR function in different brain areas and this might be relevant in nicotine addiction and its treatment.
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Virtual screening-driven discovery of dual 5-HT 6/5-HT 2A receptor ligands with pro-cognitive properties. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 185:111857. [PMID: 31734022 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A virtual screening campaign aimed at finding structurally new compounds active at 5-HT6R provided a set of candidates. Among those, one structure, 4-(5-{[(2-{5-fluoro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl}ethyl)amino]methyl}furan-2-yl)phenol (1, 5-HT6R Ki = 91 nM), was selected as a hit for further optimization. As expected, the chemical scaffold of selected compound was significantly different from all the serotonin receptor ligands published to date. Synthetic efforts, supported by molecular modelling, provided 43 compounds representing different substitution patterns. The derivative 42, 4-(5-{[(2-{5-fluoro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl}ethyl)amino]methyl}furan-2-yl)phenol (5-HT6R Ki = 25, 5-HT2AR Ki = 32 nM), was selected as a lead and showed a good brain/plasma concentration profile, and it reversed phencyclidine-induced memory impairment. Considering the unique activity profile, the obtained series might be a good starting point for the development of a novel antipsychotic or antidepressant with pro-cognitive properties.
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Inverse agonists of the 5-HT2A receptor reduce nicotine withdrawal signs in rats. Neurosci Lett 2019; 713:134524. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Increased Ethanol Consumption and Locomotion Develop upon Ethanol Deprivation in Rats Overexpressing the Adenosine (A) 2A Receptor. Neuroscience 2019; 418:133-148. [PMID: 31449988 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical data indicate that ethanol produces behavioral effects that can be regulated by many neurotransmitters and neuromodulators like adenosine (A). The most important receptors with respect to the rewarding effects of ethanol seem to be the A2A receptors. This study used a transgenic strategy, specifically rats overexpressing the A2A receptor, to characterize the neurobiological mechanisms of ethanol consumption as measured by intermittent access to 20% ethanol in a two-bottle choice paradigm. In this model, no change in ethanol consumption was observed in transgenic animals compared to wild type controls during the acquisition/maintenance phase. Following alcohol deprivation, only transgenic rats overexpressing the A2A receptor exhibited escalation of ethanol consumption and drank more (by ca. 90%), but not significantly, ethanol than did the wild type rats. During ethanol withdrawal, the immobility time of rats overexpressing the A2A receptor in the forced swim test was lower than that of wild type rats. Moreover, transgenic rats withdrawn from ethanol, compared to the drug-naive transgenic animals, exhibited an increase above 70% in locomotion. The results indicated that the overexpression of A2A receptors may be a risk factor for the escalation of ethanol consumption despite the reduction in depression-like signs of ethanol withdrawal.
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Casaril AM, Domingues M, de Andrade Lourenço D, Birmann PT, Padilha N, Vieira B, Begnini K, Seixas FK, Collares T, Lenardão EJ, Savegnago L. Depression- and anxiogenic-like behaviors induced by lipopolysaccharide in mice are reversed by a selenium-containing indolyl compound: Behavioral, neurochemical and computational insights involving the serotonergic system. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 115:1-12. [PMID: 31082651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Major depression and anxiety are highly incapacitating psychiatric disorders often present simultaneously, and the causal relationship between these disorders and inflammation are under extensive investigation. The treatment for this comorbidity still relies on drugs acting on the serotonergic neurotransmission, but the modulation of immune-inflammatory pathways has attained an increasing interest in the drug discovery. We have previously demonstrated that the selenoorganic compound 3-[(4-chlorophenyl)selanyl]-1-methyl-1H-indole (CMI) possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antidepressant-like effect in mice. Considering these pharmacological properties and the structural similarities between tryptophan, serotonin and CMI, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether CMI ameliorates depression- and anxiogenic-like behavior induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in Swiss male mice by modulating the serotonergic system and reducing neuroinflammation. The administration of CMI (1 mg/kg, i.g) reversed the behavioral deficits induced by LPS (0.83 mg/kg, i.p) in the tail suspension test, splash test and elevated plus maze. The pre-treatment of mice with WAY100635 (5-HT1A receptor antagonist), ketanserin (5-HT2A/2C receptor antagonist) and ondansetron (5-HT3 receptor antagonist) prevented the antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effect elicited by CMI treatment after the LPS challenge. The administration of CMI also counteracted the increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of mice challenged with LPS. Additionally, a molecular docking analysis showed that CMI binds to the active site of the serotonin transporter and IDO. These findings suggest that CMI reversed behavioral and biochemical alterations in the depression-anxiety comorbidity induced by LPS, possibly by modulation of neuroinflammatory mediators and the serotonergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Maria Casaril
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Neurobiotechology Research Group, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Micaela Domingues
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Neurobiotechology Research Group, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Darling de Andrade Lourenço
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Neurobiotechology Research Group, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Paloma Taborda Birmann
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Neurobiotechology Research Group, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Padilha
- Center for Chemical, PharmaceuticaSl and Food Sciences, Laboratory of Clean Organic Synthesis, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Vieira
- Center for Chemical, PharmaceuticaSl and Food Sciences, Laboratory of Clean Organic Synthesis, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Karine Begnini
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Molecular and Cellular Oncology Research Group and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Kommling Seixas
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Molecular and Cellular Oncology Research Group and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiago Collares
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Molecular and Cellular Oncology Research Group and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Eder João Lenardão
- Center for Chemical, PharmaceuticaSl and Food Sciences, Laboratory of Clean Organic Synthesis, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucielli Savegnago
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Neurobiotechology Research Group, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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Fletcher PJ, Li Z, Silenieks LB, MacMillan C, DeLannoy I, Higgins GA. Preclinical evidence for combining the 5-HT 2C receptor agonist lorcaserin and varenicline as a treatment for nicotine dependence. Addict Biol 2019; 24:376-387. [PMID: 29498158 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Varenicline, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist, is used to treat nicotine dependence. Lorcaserin, a 5-HT2C receptor agonist has been approved in some countries to treat obesity. Based on preclinical and preliminary clinical evidence, lorcaserin may have potential to treat nicotine dependence. These experiments examined in rats the effects of combining varenicline (0.5 or 1 mg/kg) and lorcaserin (0.3, 0.6 and 1 mg/kg) on nicotine self-administration, reinstatement of nicotine seeking, responding for food and impulsive action. Both drugs alone reduced nicotine self-administration. Combining varenicline and 0.6 mg/kg lorcaserin reduced responding to a greater extent than either drug alone. In a relapse model, extinguished nicotine seeking was reinstated by a priming injection of nicotine and nicotine-associated cues. Reinstatement was reduced by varenicline (1 mg/kg) and by lorcaserin (0.3 mg/kg). Combining lorcaserin (0.3 mg/kg) with varenicline (0.5 or 1 mg/kg) reduced reinstatement to a greater degree than either drug alone. Both drugs had minimal effects on responding for food, alone or in combination. In the five-choice serial reaction time test, varenicline (0.5 or 1 mg/kg) increased impulsivity, measured as increased premature responding. This effect was reduced by lorcaserin (0.3 mg/kg). Plasma levels of varenicline or lorcaserin were not altered by co-administration of the other drug. Varenicline and lorcaserin have additive effects on nicotine self-administration, and on nicotine seeking. Lorcaserin prevents impulsivity induced by varenicline. This pattern of effects suggests that co-administration of varenicline and lorcaserin has potential as a treatment for nicotine dependence that may exceed the value of either drug alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Fletcher
- Section of Biopsychology & Campbell Family Mental Health Research InstituteCentre for Addiction and Mental Health Canada
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Toronto Canada
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Toronto Canada
| | - Zhaoxia Li
- Section of Biopsychology & Campbell Family Mental Health Research InstituteCentre for Addiction and Mental Health Canada
| | | | | | | | - Guy A. Higgins
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Toronto Canada
- InterVivo Solutions Inc Canada
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15
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Xiang D, Wang H, Sun S, Yao L, Li R, Zong X, Wang G, Liu Z. GRP Receptor Regulates Depression Behavior via Interaction With 5-HT2a Receptor. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:1020. [PMID: 32047449 PMCID: PMC6997338 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accumulating evidences indicate that gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) may contribute to the pathophysiology of depression. However, the mechanism of the involvement of GRPR in the progression of depression remains unclear. Here, we showed the extent to which stress and antidepressant treatment impact GRPR expression, and explored the interactions between 5-HT2a receptor (5-HT2aR) and GRPR at the cellular level. METHODS The rat depression models were created with chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Then, these rats were treated with fluoxetine for 4 weeks after CUMS. We measured body weight and performed behavioral tests to determine the effects of stress and fluoxetine on depressive-like behaviors. Real-time PCR and western blotting were used to measure the mRNA and protein expression levels of GRPR in the hypothalamus. Then, Flag-tagged protein (pcmv-Flag-5HT2aR) and Myc-tagged protein (pcmv-Myc-GRPR) expression vectors were constructed, identified, and transfected into human embryo kidney 293 (HEK293) cells. The interaction between 5-HT2aR and GRPR was detected by coimmunoprecipitation and double-label immunofluorescence. RESULTS The rats subjected to 4 weeks of CUMS showed depressive-like behaviors, including decreased body weight, sucrose preference, and distance traveled, rearing frequency and velocity in the open field test and increased immobility time in the forced swimming test. Fluoxetine treatment reversed CUMS-induced depressive-like behavior. The mRNA and protein expression of GRPR in the hypothalamus was significantly increased after 4 weeks CUMS exposure, and treatment with fluoxetine reversed these changes. Coimmunoprecipitation showed that 5-HT2aR and GRPR combine with each other in vitro. Immunofluorescence revealed that the 5-HT2aR and GRPR were colocalization in both the cell membrane and cytoplasm. CONCLUSION Our study enhances the understanding of the involvement of GRPR in depression. This study also provides in vitro experimental evidence of the interaction between 5-HT2aR and GRPR, which may play an important role in the pathogenesis of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xiang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Siqi Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lihua Yao
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruiting Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofen Zong
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gaohua Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongchun Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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16
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Kulikova EA, Khotskin NV, Illarionova NB, Sorokin IE, Bazhenova EY, Kondaurova EM, Volcho KP, Khomenko TM, Salakhutdinov NF, Ponimaskin E, Naumenko VS, Kulikov AV. Inhibitor of Striatal-Enriched Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, 8-(Trifluoromethyl)-1,2,3,4,5-Benzopentathiepin-6-Amine hydrochloride (TC-2153), Produces Antidepressant-Like Effect and Decreases Functional Activity and Protein Level of 5-HT 2A Receptor in the Brain. Neuroscience 2018; 394:220-231. [PMID: 30367948 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The serotoninergic 5-HT2A receptor is involved in the mechanism of depression and antidepressant drugs action. Earlier we showed that striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase (STEP) inhibitor - 8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,3,4,5-benzopentathiepin-6-amine hydrochloride (TC-2153) affects both the brain serotoninergic system and the brain-derived neurotropic factor that are known to be involved in the psychopathology of depression. In the present study we investigated the effects of chronic TC-2153 administration on behavior in the standard battery of tests as well as the effects of acute and chronic TC-2153 treatment on the brain 5-HT2A receptors in mice. We obtained a prominent antidepressant-like effect of chronic TC-2153 treatment in the forced swim test without any adverse side effects on locomotor activity, anxiety, exploration, motor skill and obsessive-compulsive-like behavior. Moreover, both acute and chronic TC-2153 administration inhibited the functional activity of 5-HT2A receptors estimated by the number of 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI, agonist of 5-HT2A receptors)-induced head-twitches. TC-2153 treatment also attenuated the DOI-induced c-fos expression in cortical and hippocampal neurons and reduced the 5-HT2A receptor protein level in the hippocampus and frontal cortex, but not in the striatum. Taken together, our combined data demonstrate that the antidepressant effect of STEP inhibitor TC-2153 could be mediated by its inhibitory properties towards the 5-HT2A receptor-mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Kulikova
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - N V Khotskin
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - N B Illarionova
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - I E Sorokin
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - E Y Bazhenova
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - E M Kondaurova
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - K P Volcho
- Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - T M Khomenko
- Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - N F Salakhutdinov
- Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - E Ponimaskin
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - V S Naumenko
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A V Kulikov
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia
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17
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Soto CA, Shashack MJ, Fox RG, Bubar MJ, Rice KC, Watson CS, Cunningham KA, Gilbertson SR, Anastasio NC. Novel Bivalent 5-HT 2A Receptor Antagonists Exhibit High Affinity and Potency in Vitro and Efficacy in Vivo. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:514-521. [PMID: 29111677 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2AR) plays an important role in various neuropsychiatric disorders, including substance use disorder and schizophrenia. Homodimerization of this receptor has been suggested, but tools that allow direct assessment of the relevance of the 5-HT2AR:5-HT2AR homodimer in these disorders are necessary. We chemically modified the selective 5-HT2AR antagonist M100907 to synthesize a series of homobivalent ligands connected by ethylene glycol linkers of varying lengths that may be useful tools for probing 5-HT2AR:5-HT2AR homodimer function. We tested these molecules for 5-HT2AR antagonist activity in a cell line stably expressing the functional 5-HT2AR and quantified a downstream signaling target, activation (phosphorylation) of extracellular regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), in comparison to in vivo efficacy of altering spontaneous or cocaine-evoked locomotor activity in rats. All of the synthetic compounds inhibited 5-HT-mediated phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in the cellular signaling assay; the potency of the bivalent ligands varied as a function of linker length, with the intermediate linker lengths being the most potent. The Ki values for the binding of bivalent ligands to 5-HT2AR were only slightly lower than the values for the parent (+)-M100907 compound, but significant selectivity for 5-HT2AR over 5-HT2BR or 5-HT2CR binding was retained. In addition, the 11-atom-linked bivalent 5-HT2AR antagonist (2 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) demonstrated efficacy on par with that of (+)-M100907 in inhibiting cocaine-evoked hyperactivity. As we develop further strategies for ligand-evoked receptor assembly and analyses of diverse signaling and functional roles, these novel homobivalent 5-HT2AR antagonist ligands will serve as useful in vitro and in vivo probes of 5-HT2AR structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kenner C. Rice
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | | | | | - Scott R. Gilbertson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
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18
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Drugs which influence serotonin transporter and serotonergic receptors: Pharmacological and clinical properties in the treatment of depression. Pharmacol Rep 2018; 70:37-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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19
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Alpha-asarone attenuates depression-like behavior in nicotine-withdrawn mice: Evidence for the modulation of hippocampal pCREB levels during nicotine-withdrawal. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 818:10-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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20
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Yang Y, Hu Z, Du X, Davies H, Huo X, Fang M. miR-16 and Fluoxetine Both Reverse Autophagic and Apoptotic Change in Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Model Rats. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:428. [PMID: 28790887 PMCID: PMC5524920 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In the clinic selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), like Fluoxetine, remain the primary treatment for major depression. It has been suggested that miR-16 regulates serotonin transporters (SERT) via raphe nuclei and hippocampal responses to antidepressants. However, the underlying mechanism and regulatory pathways are still obtuse. Here, a chronic unpredicted mild stress (CUMS) depression model in rats was established, and then raphe nuclei miR-16 and intragastric Fluoxetine injections were administered for a duration of 3 weeks. An open field test and sucrose preference quantification displayed a significant decrease in the CUMS groups when compare to the control groups, however these changes were attenuated by both miR-16 and Fluoxetine treatments. A dual-luciferase reporter assay system verified that hsa-miR-16 inhibitory effects involve the targeting of 3′UTR on the 5-HTT gene. Expression levels of miR-16 and BDNF in the hippocampus were examined with RT-PCR, and it was found that increased 5-HT2a receptor expression induced by CUMS can be decreased by miR-16 and Fluoxetine administration. Immunofluorescence showed that expression levels of neuron NeuN and MAP-2 in CUMS rats were lower. Apoptosis and autophagy levels were evaluated separately through relative expression of Bcl-2, Caspase-3, Beclin-1, and LC3II. Furthermore, CUMS was found to decrease levels of hippocampal mTOR, PI3K, and AKT. These findings indicate that apoptosis and autophagy related pathways could be involved in the effectiveness of antidepressants, in which miR-16 participates in the regulation of, and is likely to help integrate rapid therapeutic strategies to alleviate depression clinically. These findings indicate that miR-16 participates in the regulation of apoptosis and autophagy and could account for some part of the therapeutic effect of SSRIs. This discovery has the potential to further the understanding of SSRIs and accelerate the development of new treatments for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, China
| | - Zhiying Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou Red Cross HospitalHangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxue Du
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, China
| | - Henry Davies
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, China
| | - Xue Huo
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, China
| | - Marong Fang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, China
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21
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Chen YC, Hartley RM, Anastasio NC, Cunningham KA, Gilbertson SR. Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationships of Tool Compounds Based on WAY163909, a 5-HT 2C Receptor Agonist. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:1004-1010. [PMID: 28414422 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of probe molecules that can be used to investigate G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) pharmacology, trafficking, and relationship with other GPCRs is an important and growing area of research. Here, we report the synthesis of analogues of the known selective serotonin (5-HT) 5-HT2C receptor (5-HT2CR) agonist WAY163909 which were designed to allow for the attachment of a second ligand, signaling or reporter molecules, as well as immobilization agents to the parent molecule with the maintenance of agonist activity. This goal was accomplished by the synthesis of novel molecules in which sites a-d were modified and resulting compounds were analyzed pharmacologically in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | | | | | | | - Scott R. Gilbertson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
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22
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Bryant CD, Yazdani N. RNA-binding proteins, neural development and the addictions. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2016; 15:169-86. [PMID: 26643147 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression defines the neurobiological mechanisms that bridge genetic and environmental risk factors with neurobehavioral dysfunction underlying the addictions. More than 1000 genes in the eukaryotic genome code for multifunctional RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) that can regulate all levels of RNA biogenesis. More than 50% of these RBPs are expressed in the brain where they regulate alternative splicing, transport, localization, stability and translation of RNAs during development and adulthood. Dysfunction of RBPs can exert global effects on their targetomes that underlie neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases as well as neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism and schizophrenia. Here, we consider the evidence that RBPs influence key molecular targets, neurodevelopment, synaptic plasticity and neurobehavioral dysfunction underlying the addictions. Increasingly well-powered genome-wide association studies in humans and mammalian model organisms combined with ever more precise transcriptomic and proteomic approaches will continue to uncover novel and possibly selective roles for RBPs in the addictions. Key challenges include identifying the biological functions of the dynamic RBP targetomes from specific cell types throughout subcellular space (e.g. the nuclear spliceome vs. the synaptic translatome) and time and manipulating RBP programs through post-transcriptional modifications to prevent or reverse aberrant neurodevelopment and plasticity underlying the addictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Bryant
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - N Yazdani
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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23
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Xu C, Ma XM, Chen HB, Zhou MH, Qiao H, An SC. Orbitofrontal cortex 5-HT2A receptor mediates chronic stress-induced depressive-like behaviors and alterations of spine density and Kalirin7. Neuropharmacology 2016; 109:7-17. [PMID: 26921771 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies show that patients with major depression have reduced volume of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Although the serotonin (5-HT) 2A receptor, which is abundant in the OFC, has been implicated in depression, the underlying mechanisms in the development of stress-induced depression remain unclear. Kalirin-7 (Kal7) is an essential component of mature excitatory synapses for maintaining dendritic spines density, size and synaptic functions. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of orbitofrontal 5-HT and 5-HT2A receptors in depressive-like behaviors and their associations with Kal7 and dendritic spines using chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), an established animal model of depression. CUMS had no effect on the levels of 5-HT or the 5-HT2A receptor in the OFC. However, CUMS or microinjection of the 5-HT2A/2C receptor agonist (±)-1-(2, 5-Dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)- 2-aminopropane hydrochloride (DOI, 5 μg/0.5 μL) into the OFC induced depressive-like behaviors, including anhedonia in the sucrose preference test and behavioral despair in the tail suspension test, a significant reduction in body weight gain and locomotor activity in the open field test, which were accompanied by decreased expression of Kal7 and PSD95 as well as decreased density of dendritic spines in the OFC. These alterations induced by CUMS were reversed by pretreatment with the 5-HT2A receptor antagonist Ketanserin (Ket, 5 μg/0.5 μL into the OFC). These results suggest that CUMS alters structural plasticity through activation of the orbital 5-HT2A receptor and is associated with decreased expression of Kal7, thereby resulting in depressive-like behaviors in rats, suggesting an important role of Kal7 in the OFC in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xu
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Xin-Ming Ma
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China; University of Connecticut Health Center, Department of Neuroscience, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Hui-Bin Chen
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Meng-He Zhou
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Hui Qiao
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Shu-Cheng An
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China.
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24
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Qesseveur G, Petit AC, Nguyen HT, Dahan L, Colle R, Rotenberg S, Seif I, Robert P, David D, Guilloux JP, Gardier AM, Verstuyft C, Becquemont L, Corruble E, Guiard BP. Genetic dysfunction of serotonin 2A receptor hampers response to antidepressant drugs: A translational approach. Neuropharmacology 2016; 105:142-153. [PMID: 26764241 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological studies have yielded valuable insights into the role of the serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) receptor in major depressive disorder (MDD) and antidepressant drugs (ADs) response. However, it is still unknown whether genetic variants in the HTR2A gene affect the therapeutic outcome of ADs and the mechanism underlying the regulation of such response remains poorly described. In this context, a translational human-mouse study offers a unique opportunity to address the possibility that variations in the HTR2A gene may represent a relevant marker to predict the efficacy of ADs. In a first part of this study, we investigated in depressed patients the effect of three HTR2A single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), selected for their potential functional consequences on 5-HT2A receptor (rs6313, rs6314 and rs7333412), on response and remission rates after 3 months of antidepressant treatments. We also explored the consequences of the constitutive genetic inactivation of the 5-HT2A receptor (i.e. in 5-HT2A(-/-) mice) on the activity of acute and prolonged administration of SSRIs. Our clinical data indicate that GG patients for the rs7333412 SNP were less prone to respond to ADs than AA/AG patients. In the preclinical study, we demonstrated that the 5-HT2A receptor exerts an inhibitory influence on the neuronal activity of the serotonergic system after acute administration of SSRIs. However, while the chronic administration of the SSRIs escitalopram or fluoxetine elicited a progressive increased in the firing rate of 5-HT neurons in 5-HT2A(+/+) mice, it failed to do so in 5-HT2A(-/-) mutants. These electrophysiological impairments were associated with a decreased ability of the chronic administration of fluoxetine to stimulate hippocampal plasticity and to produce antidepressant-like activities. Genetic loss of the 5-HT2A receptor compromised the activity of chronic treatment with SSRIs, making this receptor a putative marker to predict ADs response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Qesseveur
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris-Sud, INSERM UMR-S 1178, Fac Pharmacie, Châtenay Malabry, 92290, France
| | - Anne Cécile Petit
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris-Sud, INSERM UMR-S 1178, CESP, Fac Médecine Paris Sud, 94275, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Service de Psychiatrie, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, F-94275, France
| | - Hai Thanh Nguyen
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris-Sud, INSERM UMR-S 1178, Fac Pharmacie, Châtenay Malabry, 92290, France
| | - Lionel Dahan
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - Romain Colle
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris-Sud, INSERM UMR-S 1178, CESP, Fac Médecine Paris Sud, 94275, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Service de Psychiatrie, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, F-94275, France
| | - Samuel Rotenberg
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris-Sud, INSERM UMR-S 1178, CESP, Fac Médecine Paris Sud, 94275, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Service de Psychiatrie, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, F-94275, France
| | - Isabelle Seif
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris-Sud, INSERM UMR-S 1178, Fac Pharmacie, Châtenay Malabry, 92290, France
| | - Pauline Robert
- UMS IPSIT (INST. Paris-Saclay d'innovation Thérapeutique), Paris Sud, France
| | - Denis David
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris-Sud, INSERM UMR-S 1178, Fac Pharmacie, Châtenay Malabry, 92290, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Guilloux
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris-Sud, INSERM UMR-S 1178, Fac Pharmacie, Châtenay Malabry, 92290, France
| | - Alain M Gardier
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris-Sud, INSERM UMR-S 1178, Fac Pharmacie, Châtenay Malabry, 92290, France
| | - Céline Verstuyft
- INSERM U1184, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, F-94276, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Service de Génétique moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, F-94275, France
| | - Laurent Becquemont
- INSERM U1184, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, F-94276, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Service de Génétique moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, F-94275, France
| | - Emmanuelle Corruble
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris-Sud, INSERM UMR-S 1178, CESP, Fac Médecine Paris Sud, 94275, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Service de Psychiatrie, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, F-94275, France.
| | - Bruno P Guiard
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris-Sud, INSERM UMR-S 1178, Fac Pharmacie, Châtenay Malabry, 92290, France; Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
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Zhang G, Wu X, Zhang YM, Liu H, Jiang Q, Pang G, Tao X, Dong L, Stackman RW. Activation of serotonin 5-HT(2C) receptor suppresses behavioral sensitization and naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms in morphine-dependent mice. Neuropharmacology 2015; 101:246-54. [PMID: 26432939 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Opioid abuse and dependence have evolved into an international epidemic as a significant clinical and societal problem with devastating consequences. Repeated exposure to the opioid, for example morphine, can induce profound, long-lasting behavioral sensitization and physical dependence, which are thought to reflect neuroplasticity in neural circuitry. Central serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmission participates in the development of dependence on and the expression of withdrawal from morphine. Serotonin 5-HT(2C) receptor (5-HT(2C)R) agonists suppress psychostimulant nicotine or cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization and drug-seeking behavior; however, the impact of 5-HT(2C)R agonists on behaviors relevant to opioid abuse and dependence has not been reported. In the present study, the effects of 5-HT(2C)R activation on the behavioral sensitization and naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms were examined in mice underwent repeated exposure to morphine. Male mice received morphine (10 mg/kg, s.c.) to develop behavioral sensitization. Lorcaserin, a 5-HT(2C)R agonist, prevented the induction and expression, but not the development, of morphine-induced behavioral sensitization. Another cohort of mice received increasing doses of morphine over a 7-day period to induce morphine-dependence. Pretreatment of lorcaserin, or the positive control clonidine (an alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist), ameliorated the naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms. SB 242084, a selective 5-HT(2C)R antagonist, prevented the lorcaserin-mediated suppression of behavioral sensitization and withdrawal. Chronic morphine treatment was associated with an increase in the expression of 5-HT(2C)R protein in the ventral tegmental area, locus coeruleus and nucleus accumbens. These findings suggest that 5-HT(2C)R can modulate behavioral sensitization and withdrawal in morphine-dependent mice, and the activation of 5-HT(2C)R may represent a new avenue for the treatment of opioid addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongliang Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Life Science Initiative, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, 5353 Parkside Drive, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
| | - Xian Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Yong-Mei Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, College of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Huan Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Qin Jiang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Gang Pang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Xinrong Tao
- College of Medicine, Anhui University of Science & Technology, 25 Dongshan Middle Road, Huainan, Anhui 232001, China
| | - Liuyi Dong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Robert W Stackman
- Life Science Initiative, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, 5353 Parkside Drive, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
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Wu X, Pang G, Zhang YM, Li G, Xu S, Dong L, Stackman RW, Zhang G. Activation of serotonin 5-HT(2C) receptor suppresses behavioral sensitization and naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms in heroin-treated mice. Neurosci Lett 2015; 607:23-28. [PMID: 26375926 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abuse and dependence to heroin has evolved into a global epidemic as a significant clinical and societal problem with devastating consequences. Repeated exposure to heroin can induce long-lasting behavioral sensitization and withdrawal. Pharmacological activation of 5-HT2C receptors (5-HT2CRs) suppresses psychostimulant-induced drug-seeking and behavioral sensitization. The present study examined the effect of a selective 5-HT2CR agonist lorcaserin on behavioral sensitization and naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms in heroin-treated mice. Male mice received heroin (1.0 mg/kg, s.c.) twice a day for 3 days and then drug treatment was suspended for 5 days. On day 9, a challenge dose of heroin (1.0 mg/kg) was administered to examine the expression of behavioral sensitization. Lorcaserin administered during the development, withdrawal or expression stage suppressed heroin-induced behavioral sensitization on day 9. Another cohort of mice received increasing doses of heroin over a 4.5-day period. Lorcaserin, or the positive control clonidine (an α2-adrenoceptor agonist) suppressed naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms in heroin-treated mice. These findings suggest that activation of 5-HT2CRs suppresses behavioral sensitization and withdrawal in heroin-treated mice. Thus, pharmacological activation of 5-HT2CRs may represent a new avenue for the treatment of heroin addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wu
- College of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Gang Pang
- College of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Yong-Mei Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology; College of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Guangwu Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Shengchun Xu
- College of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Liuyi Dong
- College of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Robert W Stackman
- Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University and the Life Science Initiative at FAU, 5353 Parkside Drive, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Gongliang Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
- Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University and the Life Science Initiative at FAU, 5353 Parkside Drive, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
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Szekely G, Amores de Sousa MC, Gil M, Castelo Ferreira F, Heggie W. Genotoxic Impurities in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing: Sources, Regulations, and Mitigation. Chem Rev 2015; 115:8182-229. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300095f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gyorgy Szekely
- School of Chemical Engineering & Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, The Mill, Sackville Street, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Miriam C. Amores de Sousa
- Department
of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences
(iBB), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marco Gil
- Hovione FarmaCiencia SA, R&D, Sete Casas, 2674-506, Loures, Portugal
| | - Frederico Castelo Ferreira
- Department
of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences
(iBB), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - William Heggie
- Hovione FarmaCiencia SA, R&D, Sete Casas, 2674-506, Loures, Portugal
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Higgins GA, Fletcher PJ. Therapeutic Potential of 5-HT2C Receptor Agonists for Addictive Disorders. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:1071-88. [PMID: 25870913 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurotransmitter 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT; serotonin) has long been associated with the control of a variety of motivated behaviors, including feeding. Much of the evidence linking 5-HT and feeding behavior was obtained from studies of the effects of the 5-HT releaser (dex)fenfluramine in laboratory animals and humans. Recently, the selective 5-HT2C receptor agonist lorcaserin received FDA approval for the treatment of obesity. This review examines evidence to support the use of selective 5-HT2C receptor agonists as treatments for conditions beyond obesity, including substance abuse (particularly nicotine, psychostimulant, and alcohol dependence), obsessive compulsive, and excessive gambling disorder. Following a brief survey of the early literature supporting a role for 5-HT in modulating food and drug reinforcement, we propose that intrinsic differences between SSRI and serotonin releasers may have underestimated the value of serotonin-based pharmacotherapeutics to treat clinical forms of addictive behavior beyond obesity. We then highlight the critical involvement of the 5-HT2C receptor in mediating the effect of (dex)fenfluramine on feeding and body weight gain and the evidence that 5-HT2C receptor agonists reduce measures of drug reward and impulsivity. A recent report of lorcaserin efficacy in a smoking cessation trial further strengthens the idea that 5-HT2C receptor agonists may have potential as a treatment for addiction. This review was prepared as a contribution to the proceedings of the 11th International Society for Serotonin Research Meeting held in Hermanus, South Africa, July 9-12, 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy A. Higgins
- InterVivo Solutions Inc., 120 Carlton Street, Toronto, ON M5A
4K2, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Paul J. Fletcher
- Section of Biopsychology
and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Departments of Psychiatry & Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
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Zaniewska M, Alenina N, Wydra K, Fröhler S, Kuśmider M, McCreary AC, Chen W, Bader M, Filip M. Discovering the mechanisms underlying serotonin (5-HT)2A and 5-HT2C receptor regulation following nicotine withdrawal in rats. J Neurochem 2015; 134:704-16. [PMID: 26031442 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that nicotine withdrawal produces depression-like behavior and that serotonin (5-HT)2A/2C receptor ligands modulate that mood-like state. In the present study we aimed to identify the mechanisms (changes in radioligand binding, transcription or RNA-editing) related to such a behavioral outcome. Rats received vehicle or nicotine (0.4 mg/kg, s.c.) for 5 days in home cages. Brain 5-HT2A/2C receptors were analyzed on day 3 of nicotine withdrawal. Nicotine withdrawal increased [(3)H]ketanserin binding to 5-HT2A receptors in the ventral tegmental area and ventral dentate gyrus, yet decreased binding in the nucleus accumbens shell. Reduction in [(3)H]mesulergine binding to 5-HT2C receptors was seen in the ventral dentate gyrus. Profound decrease in the 5-HT2A receptor transcript level was noted in the hippocampus and ventral tegmental area. Out of five 5-HT2C receptor mRNA editing sites, deep sequencing data showed a reduction in editing at the E site and a trend toward reduction at the C site in the hippocampus. In the ventral tegmental area, a reduction for the frequency of CD 5-HT2C receptor transcript was seen. These results show that the reduction in the 5-HT2A receptor transcript level may be an auto-regulatory response to the increased receptor density in the hippocampus and ventral tegmental area during nicotine withdrawal, while decreased 5-HT2C receptor mRNA editing may explain the reduction in receptor labeling in the hippocampus. Serotonin (5-HT)2A/2C receptor ligands alleviate depression-like state in nicotine-withdrawn rats. Here, we show that the reduction in 5-HT2A receptor transcript level may be an auto-regulatory response to the increased receptor number in the hippocampus and ventral tegmental area during nicotine withdrawal, while attenuated 5-HT2C receptor mRNA editing in the hippocampus might explain reduced inverse agonist binding to 5-HT2C receptor and suggest a shift toward a population of more active receptors. 5-HT, serotonin; 5-HT2A R, 5-HT2A receptor; 5-HT2C R, 5-HT2C receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zaniewska
- Laboratory of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland.,Molecular Biology of Peptide Hormones, Department of Cardiovascular Research, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Natalia Alenina
- Molecular Biology of Peptide Hormones, Department of Cardiovascular Research, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karolina Wydra
- Laboratory of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Sebastian Fröhler
- Laboratory for New Sequencing Technology, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maciej Kuśmider
- Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Wei Chen
- Laboratory for New Sequencing Technology, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Bader
- Molecular Biology of Peptide Hormones, Department of Cardiovascular Research, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Małgorzata Filip
- Laboratory of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
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Guiard BP, Di Giovanni G. Central serotonin-2A (5-HT2A) receptor dysfunction in depression and epilepsy: the missing link? Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:46. [PMID: 25852551 PMCID: PMC4362472 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Hydroxytryptamine 2A receptors (5-HT2A-Rs) are G-protein coupled receptors. In agreement with their location in the brain, they have been implicated not only in various central physiological functions including memory, sleep, nociception, eating and reward behaviors, but also in many neuropsychiatric disorders. Interestingly, a bidirectional link between depression and epilepsy is suspected since patients with depression and especially suicide attempters have an increased seizure risk, while a significant percentage of epileptic patients suffer from depression. Such epidemiological data led us to hypothesize that both pathologies may share common anatomical and neurobiological alteration of the 5-HT2A signaling. After a brief presentation of the pharmacological properties of the 5-HT2A-Rs, this review illustrates how these receptors may directly or indirectly control neuronal excitability in most networks involved in depression and epilepsy through interactions with the monoaminergic, GABAergic and glutamatergic neurotransmissions. It also synthetizes the preclinical and clinical evidence demonstrating the role of these receptors in antidepressant and antiepileptic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno P Guiard
- CNRS, Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, UMR 5169, Toulouse France ; CNRS, Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale Université de Toulouse 3, UMR 5169, Toulouse, France ; INSERM U1178 Team ≪Depression and Antidepressants≫ Faculté de Pharmacie Paris Sud, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Neurophysiology Unit, Laboratory for the Study of Neurological Disorders, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Malta, Msida Malta ; School of Biosciences, University of Cardiff, Cardiff UK
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Kotagale NR, Chopde CT, Umekar MJ, Taksande BG. Chronic agmatine treatment prevents behavioral manifestations of nicotine withdrawal in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 754:190-8. [PMID: 25744879 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Smoking cessation exhibits an aversive withdrawal syndrome characterized by both increases in somatic signs and affective behaviors including anxiety and depression. In present study, abrupt withdrawal of daily nicotine injections (2mg/kg, s.c., four times daily, for 10 days) significantly increased somatic signs viz. rearing, grooming, jumping, genital licking, leg licking, head shakes with associated depression (increased immobility in forced swim test) as well as anxiety (decreased the number of entries and time spent in open arm in elevated plus maze) in nicotine dependent animals. The peak effect was observed at 24h time point of nicotine withdrawal. Repeated administration of agmatine (40-80µg/mouse, i.c.v.) before the first daily dose of nicotine from day 5 to 10 attenuated the elevated scores of somatic signs and abolished the depression and anxiety like behavior induced by nicotine withdrawal in dependent animals. However, in separate groups, its acute administration 30min before behavior analysis of nicotine withdrawal was ineffective. This result clearly shows the role of agmatine in development of nicotine dependence and its withdrawal. In extension to behavioral experiments, brain agmatine analyses, carried out at 24h time point of nicotine withdrawal demonstrated marked decrease in basal brain agmatine concentration as compared to control animals. Taken together, these data support the role of agmatine as common biological substrate for somatic signs and affective symptoms of nicotine withdrawal. This data may project therapies based on agmatine in anxiety, depression and mood changes associated with tobacco withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandkishor R Kotagale
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, Shrimati Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra 441002, India
| | - Chandrabhan T Chopde
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, Shrimati Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra 441002, India
| | - Milind J Umekar
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, Shrimati Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra 441002, India
| | - Brijesh G Taksande
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, Shrimati Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra 441002, India.
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Jackson KJ, Muldoon PP, De Biasi M, Damaj MI. New mechanisms and perspectives in nicotine withdrawal. Neuropharmacology 2014; 96:223-34. [PMID: 25433149 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Diseases associated with tobacco use constitute a major health problem worldwide. Upon cessation of tobacco use, an unpleasant withdrawal syndrome occurs in dependent individuals. Avoidance of the negative state produced by nicotine withdrawal represents a motivational component that promotes continued tobacco use and relapse after smoking cessation. With the modest success rate of currently available smoking cessation therapies, understanding mechanisms involved in the nicotine withdrawal syndrome are crucial for developing successful treatments. Animal models provide a useful tool for examining neuroadaptative mechanisms and factors influencing nicotine withdrawal, including sex, age, and genetic factors. Such research has also identified an important role for nicotinic receptor subtypes in different aspects of the nicotine withdrawal syndrome (e.g., physical vs. affective signs). In addition to nicotinic receptors, the opioid and endocannabinoid systems, various signal transduction pathways, neurotransmitters, and neuropeptides have been implicated in the nicotine withdrawal syndrome. Animal studies have informed human studies of genetic variants and potential targets for smoking cessation therapies. Overall, the available literature indicates that the nicotine withdrawal syndrome is complex, and involves a range of neurobiological mechanisms. As research in nicotine withdrawal progresses, new pharmacological options for smokers attempting to quit can be identified, and treatments with fewer side effects that are better tailored to the unique characteristics of patients may become available. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'The Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor: From Molecular Biology to Cognition'.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Jackson
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E. Leigh St., Richmond, VA 23219, USA
| | - P P Muldoon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1220 E. Marshall St., Richmond, VA 23219, USA
| | - M De Biasi
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - M I Damaj
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1220 E. Marshall St., Richmond, VA 23219, USA.
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Zaniewska M, McCreary AC, Wydra K, Faron-Górecka A, Filip M. Context-controlled nicotine-induced changes in the labeling of serotonin (5-HT)2A and 5-HT2C receptors in the rat brain. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 67:451-9. [PMID: 25933953 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously demonstrated that serotonin (5-HT)2A and 5-HT2C receptor ligands modulate the sensitizing effects of nicotine. In the present study we used male rats to verify the hypothesis that the binding pattern of 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors in the brain is altered by chronic nicotine treatment in different environments. METHODS Rats were given repeatedly vehicle or nicotine in different sensitizing regimens (home or experimental cages). On day 10, animals were challenged with nicotine (expression of nicotine sensitization) or vehicle in either home or experimental cages, and were sacrificed immediately after the experiment. RESULTS Repeated treatment with nicotine in home cages evoked significant increases in [(3)H]ketanserin binding to 5-HT2A receptors in the prefrontal cortex, striatal subregions and ventral tegmental area as well as reductions in [(3)H]mesulergine binding to 5-HT2C receptors in subregions of the prefrontal cortex. In contrast, nicotine paired with environmental context produced robust increases in 5-HT2A receptor labeling in the infralimbic cortex and decreased [(3)H]ketanserin binding in striatal subregions and ventral tegmental area; 5-HT2C receptor labeling in the prefrontal cortex fell. CONCLUSIONS The present data indicate that chronic nicotine administration in home cages induces bi-directional neuroplastic changes within 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors in the prefrontal cortex. Pairing the nicotine with environmental context potentiates the neuroplastic response in the latter region and evokes opposite changes in 5-HT2A receptor binding in striatal and tegmental regions compared with nicotine administered in the absence of the context, indicating a modulatory role of environmental context in the expression of nicotine-induced sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zaniewska
- Laboratory of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland.
| | | | - Karolina Wydra
- Laboratory of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agata Faron-Górecka
- Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Filip
- Laboratory of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
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Petit AC, Quesseveur G, Gressier F, Colle R, David DJ, Gardier AM, Ferreri F, Lépine JP, Falissard B, Verstuyft C, Guiard BP, Corruble E. Converging translational evidence for the involvement of the serotonin 2A receptor gene in major depressive disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 54:76-82. [PMID: 24801750 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
An association between serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR), encoded by HTR2A gene, and major depressive disorder (MDD) has been suggested. Here, we combined preclinical and ecological clinical approaches to explore the impact of impaired 5-HT2AR-mediated transmission on MDD or anxio-depressive-like phenotype in mice. Htr2a knock-out mice (Htr2a(-/-)) and wild-type mice were compared for the ability of chronic corticosterone to elicit some anxio-depressive-like phenotype in three behavioral paradigms (elevated plus maze, tail suspension test and splash test). Accordingly, two single nucleotide polymorphisms of the HTR2A gene (rs6314 ie His452Tyr and rs6313 ie 102C/T), which specific allelic variants may decrease 5-HT2AR-mediated transmission (as in Htr2a(-/-)mice), were studied in a sample of 485 Caucasian patients with MDD. In response to chronic corticosterone exposure, Htr2a(-/-) mice displayed more pronounced anxiodepressive-like phenotype than wild-type mice, as shown by a significant higher "emotionality score" (p<0.01). In patients, the C allele of rs6313 was more frequent in depressed patients (p=0.019) and was also associated with a more severe major depressive episode (p=0.03). This translational and ecological study involving constitutive Htr2a(-/-) knock-out mice and related SNPs in depressed patients suggests that a lower neurotransmission at the 5-HT2AR may favor the susceptibility and severity of MDE. It also suggests that specific allelic variants of the rs6313 and rs6314 may reduce 5-HT2AR-mediated transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Cécile Petit
- Université Paris Sud XI, INSERM U669, Département de Psychiatrie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.
| | - Gaël Quesseveur
- Université Paris Sud XI, Laboratoire de Neuropharmacologie EA 3544, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
| | - Florence Gressier
- Université Paris Sud XI, INSERM U669, Département de Psychiatrie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Romain Colle
- Université Paris Sud XI, INSERM U669, Département de Psychiatrie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Denis J David
- Université Paris Sud XI, Laboratoire de Neuropharmacologie EA 3544, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
| | - Alain M Gardier
- Université Paris Sud XI, Laboratoire de Neuropharmacologie EA 3544, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
| | - Florian Ferreri
- Département de Psychiatrie, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Lépine
- Hôpital Saint-Louis Lariboisière Fernand Widal, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM U705, CNRS UMR8206, 200 rue du Faubourg Saint Denis, F-75475 Paris Cedex 10, France
| | - Bruno Falissard
- Université Paris Sud XI, INSERM U669, Département de Biostatistiques, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 94400 Villejuif, France
| | - Céline Verstuyft
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Génétique moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, F-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Université Paris Sud XI, EA4123, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
| | - Bruno P Guiard
- Université Paris Sud XI, Laboratoire de Neuropharmacologie EA 3544, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France.
| | - Emmanuelle Corruble
- Université Paris Sud XI, INSERM U669, Département de Psychiatrie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
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Roni MA, Rahman S. The effects of lobeline on nicotine withdrawal-induced depression-like behavior in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:2989-98. [PMID: 24682499 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3472-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Evidence suggests that neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligand lobeline has antidepressant-like properties. OBJECTIVES The present study investigated the effects of lobeline on nicotine withdrawal-induced depression-like behavior. METHODS Adult C57BL/6J mice were exposed to nicotine (200 μg/ml) in drinking solution for 3 weeks. During withdrawal, depression-like behavior was measured by the forced swim test (FST). We also determined norepinephrine (NE) levels in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus during nicotine withdrawal. Furthermore, we determined the effects of repeated treatment with lobeline or a selective α4β2 nAChR ligand 3-(pyridine-3́-yl)-cytisine on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and phosphorylated cAMP-responsive element binding (p-CREB) protein expression in the hippocampus. RESULTS Withdrawal from chronic nicotine increased immobility time in the FST, a measure for depression-like behavior. Pretreatment with lobeline significantly decreased immobility time during nicotine withdrawal. In addition, pretreatment with lobeline attenuated nicotine withdrawal-induced increased NE levels in the PFC and hippocampus. Further, repeated treatment with lobeline or 3-(pyridine-3́-yl)-cytisine decreased immobility time in the FST and reduced withdrawal-induced increased BDNF and p-CREB expression in the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results indicate that lobeline attenuated nicotine withdrawal-induced depression-like behavior likely by targeting brain nAChRs, noradrenergic neurotransmission, and/or hippocampal BDNF. Thus, lobeline may have some potential to prevent smoking relapse by counteracting nicotine withdrawal-induced depression in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monzurul Amin Roni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, South Dakota State University, Avera Health and Science Center, SAV 265, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
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Laver B, Diwan M, Nobrega JN, Hamani C. Augmentative therapies do not potentiate the antidepressant-like effects of deep brain stimulation in rats. J Affect Disord 2014; 161:87-90. [PMID: 24751313 PMCID: PMC5756073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical trials have shown promising results with the use of subcallosal cingulate gyrus deep brain stimulation (DBS) for treatment-resistant depression. However, strategies to manage patients who do not respond to this therapy have not been explored in detail. In rats, DBS in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) induces a significant antidepressant-like response in the forced swim test (FST). We have used this test to investigate potential interactions between DBS and clinically used augmentative regimens. METHODS Rats undergoing the FST were treated with vmPFC DBS along with different augmentative drugs, namely buspirone, risperidone and pindolol. Locomotor activity was tested in an open field. RESULTS DBS induced a significant reduction in immobility scores as compared to saline treated controls. These antidepressant-like effects, however, were not potentiated by the co-administration of buspirone, risperidone or pindolol. LIMITATIONS Despite having good predictive validity, animal models are limited from a translational perspective. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that that the antidepressant-like effects of vmPFC DBS in the FST are not enhanced by augmentative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce Laver
- Behavioural Neurobiology Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 1R8
| | - Mustansir Diwan
- Behavioural Neurobiology Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 1R8
| | - José N. Nobrega
- Behavioural Neurobiology Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 1R8
| | - Clement Hamani
- Behavioural Neurobiology Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 1R8; Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 2S8.
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The role of serotonin in drug use and addiction. Behav Brain Res 2014; 277:146-92. [PMID: 24769172 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The use of psychoactive drugs is a wide spread behaviour in human societies. The systematic use of a drug requires the establishment of different drug use-associated behaviours which need to be learned and controlled. However, controlled drug use may develop into compulsive drug use and addiction, a major psychiatric disorder with severe consequences for the individual and society. Here we review the role of the serotonergic (5-HT) system in the establishment of drug use-associated behaviours on the one hand and the transition and maintenance of addiction on the other hand for the drugs: cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDMA (ecstasy), morphine/heroin, cannabis, alcohol, and nicotine. Results show a crucial, but distinct involvement of the 5-HT system in both processes with considerable overlap between psychostimulant and opioidergic drugs and alcohol. A new functional model suggests specific adaptations in the 5-HT system, which coincide with the establishment of controlled drug use-associated behaviours. These serotonergic adaptations render the nervous system susceptible to the transition to compulsive drug use behaviours and often overlap with genetic risk factors for addiction. Altogether we suggest a new trajectory by which serotonergic neuroadaptations induced by first drug exposure pave the way for the establishment of addiction.
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Influence of calcium channel antagonists on nonsomatic signs of nicotine and D-amphetamine withdrawal in mice. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 66:212-22. [PMID: 24911072 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonsomatic signs of psychostimulant withdrawal, difficult to demonstrate in animal paradigms, may appear to promote drug seeking and drug relapse in humans; thus, it is important to understand the mechanisms that mediate this kind of behaviors. The present study was undertaken to examine the calcium-dependent mechanism of negative nonsomatic and anhedonia-related symptoms of acute and protracted withdrawal of nicotine and D-amphetamine. METHODS Mice were chronically treated with nicotine (seven days, three times daily, 3.35 mg/kg, sc) or D-amphetamine (14 days, once daily, 2.5mg/kg, ip). Then, at the first, seventh or 14th day of withdrawal, anxiety- or depression-related effects, as well as cognition or nociception were studied. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that, at the seventh or 14th day of D-amphetamine or nicotine withdrawal, respectively, mice exhibited increased anxiety and depression-like effects, memory impairment and hyperalgesia. Further, major findings showed that calcium channel antagonists, i.e., nimodipine, verapamil and flunarizine (10 and 20mg/kg, ip), injected before the test, attenuated above-mentioned signs of drug withdrawal. CONCLUSIONS As an outcome, these findings support the hypothesis that similar calcium-dependent mechanisms are involved in an aversive nonsomatic component, associated with nicotine or d-amphetamine withdrawal. We can suggest that calcium channel blockers have potential to alleviate drug withdrawal and may thus be beneficial as pharmacotherapy of drug cessation and relapse.
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Higgins GA, Sellers EM, Fletcher PJ. From obesity to substance abuse: therapeutic opportunities for 5-HT2C receptor agonists. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2013; 34:560-70. [PMID: 24041919 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The recent US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of the serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) 5-HT2C receptor agonist lorcaserin for the treatment of obesity represents a new therapeutic drug class available to the clinic. Preclinical evidence supports the potential for this drug class to treat other related conditions such as substance abuse. In the present article we review this evidence and further suggest that overlapping neurobiological systems may contribute to an anti-addictive and anti-obesity profile. The availability of selective 5-HT2C agonists provides an opportunity to evaluate their potential as treatments for nicotine dependence or psychostimulant abuse, conditions for which there is significant medical need but only limited available treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy A Higgins
- InterVivo Solutions Inc, 120 Carlton Street, Toronto, ON M5A 4K2, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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Inhibition of monoamine oxidase isoforms modulates nicotine withdrawal syndrome in the rat. Life Sci 2013; 93:448-53. [PMID: 23988853 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS There have been many reports of monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibition by non-nicotine ingredients in tobacco smoke, persisting for days after smoking cessation. This study determined the effect of inhibiting MAO and its isoforms on nicotine withdrawal syndrome. MAIN METHODS Rats were rendered nicotine-dependent by seven days of subcutaneous (s.c.) 9 mg/kg/day infusion of nicotine bitartrate. Twenty-two hours after termination of infusion, they were observed over 20 min for somatically expressed nicotine withdrawal signs. Three hours before observation, rats were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 4 mg/kg each of the MAO A antagonist clorgyline and the MAO B antagonist deprenyl, or with saline alone. A similar experiment was performed with non-dependent, saline-infused rats. Another experiment compared nicotine-dependent rats that received injections of either saline or 4 mg/kg clorgyline alone. A further experiment compared rats receiving either saline or 4 mg/kg deprenyl alone. KEY FINDINGS Combined treatment with both MAO inhibitors markedly and significantly exacerbated somatically expressed nicotine withdrawal signs in nicotine infused rats, while having no significant effects in saline-infused rats. Rats injected s.c. with 4 mg/kg clorgyline alone had significantly more withdrawal signs than saline-injected rats, while deprenyl-injected rats had significantly fewer signs than saline controls. Assays confirmed that clorgyline thoroughly reduced MAO A enzymatic activity and deprenyl thoroughly reduced MAO B activity. SIGNIFICANCE The results suggest that inhibition of MAO A may contribute to the intensity of withdrawal syndrome in smoking cessation.
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Pang TY, Renoir T, Du X, Lawrence AJ, Hannan AJ. Depression-related behaviours displayed by female C57BL/6J mice during abstinence from chronic ethanol consumption are rescued by wheel-running. Eur J Neurosci 2013; 37:1803-10. [PMID: 23551162 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Withdrawal from a chronic period of alcohol consumption is commonly associated with the manifestation of depression, potentially exerting a significant influence on treatment prospects and increasing the likelihood of relapse. Better therapeutic strategies need to be developed to assist with rehabilitation. Here, we report the detection of depression-related behaviours in a mouse model of 6-week free-choice ethanol (10%, v/v) consumption followed by 2-week abstinence. Mice abstinent from alcohol showed increased immobility time on the forced-swim test, reduced saccharin consumption and increased latency to feed in the novelty-suppressed feeding test. By comparison, there was no significant effect on anxiety-related behaviours as determined by testing on the light-dark box and elevated plus maze. We found that the provision of running-wheels through the duration of abstinence attenuated depressive behaviour in the forced-swim and novelty-suppressed feeding tests, and increased saccharin consumption. Given the link between withdrawal from addictive substances and depression, this model will be useful for the study of the pathophysiology underlying alcohol-related depression. The findings of this study establish an interaction between physical activity and the development of behavioural changes following cessation of alcohol consumption that could have implications for the development of rehabilitative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence Y Pang
- Behavioural Neurosciences Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia.
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Quesseveur G, Repérant C, David DJ, Gardier AM, Sanchez C, Guiard BP. 5-HT2A receptor inactivation potentiates the acute antidepressant-like activity of escitalopram: involvement of the noradrenergic system. Exp Brain Res 2013; 226:285-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-013-3434-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Quesseveur G, Nguyen HT, Gardier AM, Guiard BP. 5-HT2 ligands in the treatment of anxiety and depression. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2012; 21:1701-25. [PMID: 22917059 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2012.719872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One third of depressed patients do not respond adequately to conventional antidepressants including the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Therefore, multi-target drugs or augmentation strategies have been developed for the management of SSRIs-resistant patients. In this context, the 5-HT(2) receptor subtypes represent promising targets but their precise roles have yet to be determined. AREAS COVERED The aim of this review is to shed some light on the preclinical evidence supporting the use of 5-HT(2A) and/or 5-HT(2C) receptor antagonists such as antipsychotics, as potential effective adjuncts in SSRIs-resistant depression. This review synthesizes the current literature about the behavioral, electrophysiological and neurochemical effects of 5-HT(2) receptors ligands on the monoaminergic systems but also on adult hippocampal neurogenesis. EXPERT OPINION Although studies support the hypothesis that the inactivation of 5-HT(2A) and/or 5-HT(2C) receptors might be of interest to reinforce different facets of the therapeutic activity of SSRIs, this pharmacological strategy remains debatable notably because of the lack of chronic data in relevant animal models. Conversely, emerging evidence suggests that the activation of 5-HT(2B) receptor is required for antidepressant-like activity, opening the way to new therapeutic approaches. However, the potential risks related to the enhancement of monoaminergic neurotransmissions could represent a major concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Quesseveur
- EA3544 University Paris-XI, Laboratoire de Neuropharmacologie, Fac. Pharmacie, F-92296, Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France
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Effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor on behavior and key members of the brain serotonin system in genetically predisposed to behavioral disorders mouse strains. Neuroscience 2012; 214:59-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Bruijnzeel AW. Tobacco addiction and the dysregulation of brain stress systems. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2012; 36:1418-41. [PMID: 22405889 PMCID: PMC3340450 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco is a highly addictive drug and is one of the most widely abused drugs in the world. The first part of this review explores the role of stressors and stress-associated psychiatric disorders in the initiation of smoking, the maintenance of smoking, and relapse after a period of abstinence. The reviewed studies indicate that stressors facilitate the initiation of smoking, decrease the motivation to quit, and increase the risk for relapse. Furthermore, people with depression or an anxiety disorder are more likely to smoke than people without these disorders. The second part of this review describes animal studies that investigated the role of brain stress systems in nicotine addiction. These studies indicate that corticotropin-releasing factor, Neuropeptide Y, the hypocretins, and norepinephrine play a pivotal role in nicotine addiction. In conclusion, the reviewed studies indicate that smoking briefly decreases subjective stress levels but also leads to a further dysregulation of brain stress systems. Drugs that decrease the activity of brain stress systems may diminish nicotine withdrawal and improve smoking cessation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrie W Bruijnzeel
- Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 1149 S. Newell Dr., Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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Pharmacological and genetic interventions in serotonin (5-HT)(2C) receptors to alter drug abuse and dependence processes. Brain Res 2012; 1476:132-53. [PMID: 22494568 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present review provides an overview on serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT)(2C) receptors and their relationship to drug dependence. We have focused our discussion on the impact of 5-HT(2C) receptors on the effects of different classes of addictive drugs, illustrated by reference to data using pharmacological and genetic tools. The neurochemical mechanism of the interaction between 5-HT(2C) receptors, with focus on the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic system, and drugs of abuse (using cocaine as an example) is discussed. Finally, we integrate recent nonclinical and clinical research and information with marketed products possessing 5-HT(2C) receptor binding affinities. Accordingly, available nonclinical data and some clinical observations targeting 5-HT(2C) receptors may offer innovative translational strategies for combating drug dependence.This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Brain Integration.
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Fletcher PJ, Rizos Z, Noble K, Soko AD, Silenieks LB, Lê AD, Higgins GA. Effects of the 5-HT2C receptor agonist Ro60-0175 and the 5-HT2A receptor antagonist M100907 on nicotine self-administration and reinstatement. Neuropharmacology 2012; 62:2288-98. [PMID: 22342986 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 01/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The reinforcing effects of nicotine are mediated in part by brain dopamine systems. Serotonin, acting via 5-HT(2A) and 5-HT(2C) receptors, modulates dopamine function. In these experiments we examined the effects of the 5-HT(2C) receptor agonist Ro60-0175 and the 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonist (M100907, volinanserin) on nicotine self-administration and reinstatement of nicotine-seeking. Male Long-Evans rats self-administered nicotine (0.03 mg/kg/infusion, IV) on either a FR5 or a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement. Ro60-0175 reduced responding for nicotine on both schedules. While Ro60-0175 also reduced responding for food reinforcement, response rates under drug treatment were several-fold higher than in animals responding for nicotine. M100907 did not alter responding for nicotine, or food, on either schedule. In tests of reinstatement of nicotine-seeking, rats were first trained to lever press for IV infusions of nicotine; each infusion was also accompanied by a compound cue consisting of a light and tone. This response was then extinguished over multiple sessions. Injecting rats with a nicotine prime (0.15 mg/kg) reinstated responding; reinstatement was also observed when responses were accompanied by the nicotine associated cue. Ro60-0175 attenuated reinstatement of responding induced by nicotine and by the cue. The effects of Ro60-0175 on both forms of reinstatement were blocked by the 5-HT(2C) receptor antagonist SB242084. M100907 also reduced reinstatement induced by either the nicotine prime or by the nicotine associated cue. The results indicate that 5-HT(2C) and 5-HT(2A) receptors may be potential targets for therapies to treat some aspects of nicotine dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Fletcher
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada.
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Suriyaprom K, Phonrat B, Chuensumran U, Tungtrongchitr A, Tungtrongchitr R. Association of HTTLPR and 5-HT2A T102C polymorphisms with smoking characteristics and anthropometric profiles of Thai males. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2012; 11:4360-9. [DOI: 10.4238/2012.october.15.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Drug withdrawal-induced depression: Serotonergic and plasticity changes in animal models. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2012; 36:696-726. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Shashack MJ, Cunningham KA, Seitz PK, McGinnis A, Smith TD, Watson CS, Gilbertson SR. Synthesis and evaluation of dimeric derivatives of 5-HT(2A) receptor (5-HT(2A)R) antagonist M-100907. ACS Chem Neurosci 2011; 2:640-644. [PMID: 22247793 DOI: 10.1021/cn200077q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now well accepted that at least some serotonin receptors exist in dimeric and oligmeric forms. The linking of receptor ligands has been shown to have potential in the development of selective agonists and antagonists for traditionally refractive receptors. Here we report the development of a dimeric version of the known 5-HT(2A)R antagonist, M-100907. Derivatives of M-100907 were synthesized to determine an appropriate site for the linker connection. Then, homodimers with polyether linkers of different lengths were functionally tested in a bioassay to determine the optimal linker length. Attachment at the catechol of M-100907 with linkers between 12 and 18 atoms in length proved to be optimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Shashack
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Addiction Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas 77555-0615, United States
| | - Kathryn A. Cunningham
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Addiction Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas 77555-0615, United States
| | - Patricia K. Seitz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Addiction Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas 77555-0615, United States
| | - Andrew McGinnis
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Addiction Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas 77555-0615, United States
| | - Thressa D. Smith
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Addiction Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas 77555-0615, United States
| | - Cheryl S. Watson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Addiction Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas 77555-0647, United States
| | - Scott R. Gilbertson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
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