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Westmark CJ. Toward an understanding of the role of the exposome on fragile X phenotypes. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 173:141-170. [PMID: 37993176 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the leading known monogenetic cause of autism with an estimated 21-50% of FXS individuals meeting autism diagnostic criteria. A critical gap in medical care for persons with autism is an understanding of how environmental exposures and gene-environment interactions affect disease outcomes. Our research indicates more severe neurological and metabolic outcomes (seizures, autism, increased body weight) in mouse and human models of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) as a function of diet. Thus, early-life exposure to chemicals in the diet could cause or exacerbate disease outcomes. Herein, we review the effects of potential dietary toxins, i.e., soy phytoestrogens, glyphosate, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in FXS and other autism models. The rationale is that potentially toxic chemicals in the diet, particularly infant formula, could contribute to the development and/or severity of ASD and that further study in this area has potential to improve ASD outcomes through dietary modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara J Westmark
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Medical Sciences Center, Room 3619, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI, United States; Molecular Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Medical Sciences Center, Room 3619, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI, United States.
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Therapeutic Potential and Mechanisms of Novel Simple O-Substituted Isoflavones against Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810394. [PMID: 36142301 PMCID: PMC9498989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoflavones have been widely studied and have attracted extensive attention in fields ranging from chemotaxonomy and plant physiology to human nutrition and medicine. Isoflavones are often divided into three subgroups: simple O-substituted derivatives, prenylated derivatives, and glycosides. Simple O-substituted isoflavones and their glycosides, such as daidzein (daidzin), genistein (genistin), glycitein (glycitin), biochanin A (astroside), and formononetin (ononin), are the most common ingredients in legumes and are considered as phytoestrogens for daily dietary hormone replacement therapy due to their structural similarity to 17-β-estradiol. On the basis of the known estrogen-like potency, these above isoflavones possess multiple pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-angiogenetic, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, antilipidemic, anti-osteoporotic, and neuroprotective activities. However, there are very few review studies on the protective effects of these novel isoflavones and their related compounds in cerebral ischemia reperfusion. This review primarily focuses on the biosynthesis, metabolism, and neuroprotective mechanism of these aforementioned novel isoflavones in cerebral ischemia reperfusion. From these published works in in vitro and in vivo studies, simple O-substituted isoflavones could serve as promising therapeutic compounds for the prevention and treatment of cerebral ischemia reperfusion via their estrogenic receptor properties and neuron-modulatory, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. The detailed mechanism of the protective effects of simple O-substituted isoflavones against cerebral ischemia reperfusion might be related to the PI3K/AKT/ERK/mTOR or GSK-3β pathway, eNOS/Keap1/Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway, TLRs/TIRAP/MyD88/NFκ-B pathway, and Bcl-2-regulated anti-apoptotic pathway. However, clinical trials are needed to verify their potential on cerebral ischemia reperfusion because past studies were conducted with rodents and prophylactic administration.
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3
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Yamaguchi M, Kinouchi R, Morizumi S, Shimazu Y, Takeda M. Local administration of genistein as a local anesthetic agent inhibits the trigeminal nociceptive neuronal activity in rats. Brain Res Bull 2021; 172:120-128. [PMID: 33895269 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A modulatory role has been reported for the isoflavone, genistein, on voltage-gated Na+ channels in the trigeminal ganglion in vitro. However, the acute effects of genistein in vivo, particularly on nociceptive transmission in the trigeminal system, remain to be determined. The aim of the present study was to examine whether acute local genistein administration to rats attenuates the excitability of wide-dynamic range (WDR) spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis (SpVc) neurons in response to nociceptive and non-nociceptive mechanical stimulation in vivo. Extracellular single unit recordings were made from SpVc WDR neurons in response to orofacial non-noxious and noxious mechanical stimulation of pentobarbital-anesthetized rats. The effects of local administration of genistein, lidocaine, and lidocaine with genistein to the receptive field on the discharge frequency of SpVc neurons were evaluated. The mean firing frequency of SpVc WDR neurons in response to both non-noxious and noxious mechanical stimuli was significantly and dose-dependently (0.1-10 mM) inhibited by genistein, and maximum inhibition of the discharge frequency of both non-noxious and noxious mechanical stimuli was seen within 10 min. The inhibitory effect of genistein lasted for 20 min and was reversible. No significant difference was seen between the relative magnitude of inhibition by genistein on the SpVc WDR neuronal discharge frequency for noxious and non-noxious stimulation. The mean magnitude of inhibition by genistein (10 mM) on SpVc neuronal discharge frequency was almost equal to that of the local anesthetic, 1 % lidocaine (37 mM). Local injection of half-dose of lidocaine replaced the half-dose of genistein. These results suggest that local injection of genistein into the peripheral receptive field suppresses the excitability of SpVc neurons, possibly via inhibition of voltage-gated Na+ channels in the nociceptive nerve terminals of trigeminal ganglion. Therefore, administration of genistein as a local anesthetic may provide relief from trigeminal nociceptive pain without side effects, thus contributing to the area of complementary and alternative medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manaka Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Food and Physiological Sciences, Department of Life and Food Sciences, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Rina Kinouchi
- Laboratory of Food and Physiological Sciences, Department of Life and Food Sciences, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Shiori Morizumi
- Laboratory of Food and Physiological Sciences, Department of Life and Food Sciences, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Shimazu
- Laboratory of Food and Physiological Sciences, Department of Life and Food Sciences, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Mamoru Takeda
- Laboratory of Food and Physiological Sciences, Department of Life and Food Sciences, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan.
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4
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Auxtero MD, Chalante S, Abade MR, Jorge R, Fernandes AI. Potential Herb-Drug Interactions in the Management of Age-Related Cognitive Dysfunction. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:124. [PMID: 33478035 PMCID: PMC7835864 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Late-life mild cognitive impairment and dementia represent a significant burden on healthcare systems and a unique challenge to medicine due to the currently limited treatment options. Plant phytochemicals have been considered in alternative, or complementary, prevention and treatment strategies. Herbals are consumed as such, or as food supplements, whose consumption has recently increased. However, these products are not exempt from adverse effects and pharmacological interactions, presenting a special risk in aged, polymedicated individuals. Understanding pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions is warranted to avoid undesirable adverse drug reactions, which may result in unwanted side-effects or therapeutic failure. The present study reviews the potential interactions between selected bioactive compounds (170) used by seniors for cognitive enhancement and representative drugs of 10 pharmacotherapeutic classes commonly prescribed to the middle-aged adults, often multimorbid and polymedicated, to anticipate and prevent risks arising from their co-administration. A literature review was conducted to identify mutual targets affected (inhibition/induction/substrate), the frequency of which was taken as a measure of potential interaction. Although a limited number of drugs were studied, from this work, interaction with other drugs affecting the same targets may be anticipated and prevented, constituting a valuable tool for healthcare professionals in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D. Auxtero
- CiiEM, Interdisciplinary Research Centre Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (M.D.A.); (S.C.); (M.R.A.); (R.J.)
| | - Susana Chalante
- CiiEM, Interdisciplinary Research Centre Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (M.D.A.); (S.C.); (M.R.A.); (R.J.)
| | - Mário R. Abade
- CiiEM, Interdisciplinary Research Centre Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (M.D.A.); (S.C.); (M.R.A.); (R.J.)
| | - Rui Jorge
- CiiEM, Interdisciplinary Research Centre Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (M.D.A.); (S.C.); (M.R.A.); (R.J.)
- Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, School of Agriculture, Quinta do Galinheiro, 2001-904 Santarém, Portugal
- CIEQV, Life Quality Research Centre, IPSantarém/IPLeiria, Avenida Dr. Mário Soares, 110, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Ana I. Fernandes
- CiiEM, Interdisciplinary Research Centre Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (M.D.A.); (S.C.); (M.R.A.); (R.J.)
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Alloisio S, Clericuzio M, Nobile M, Salis A, Damonte G, Canali C, Fortuna-Perez AP, Cornara L, Burlando B. Cannabis-like activity of Zornia latifolia Sm. detected in vitro on rat cortical neurons: major role of the flavone syzalterin. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 45:919-931. [PMID: 32628037 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1788057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Zornia latifolia is a plant suspected to possess psychoactive properties and marketed as a marijuana substitute under the name 'maconha brava'. In this study, the effects of fractions obtained from a 2-propanol extract of aerial portions of the plant were determined by multielectrode array (MEA) analyses on cultured networks of rat cortical neurons. Lipophilic (ZL_lipo, mainly containing flavonoid aglycones), and hydrophilic (ZL_hydro, mainly containing flavonoid glycosides) fractions were initially obtained from the raw extract. ZL_lipo significantly inhibited mean firing rate (MFR) and mean bursting rate (MBR) of MEA recordings, while ZL_hydro induced no inhibition. Column chromatography separation of ZL_lipo yielded five fractions (ZL1-ZL5), among which ZL1 induced the strongest MFR and MBR inhibition. NMR and HPLC-MS analyses of ZL1 revealed the prevalence of the common flavonoids genistein (1) and apigenin (2) (in about a 1:1 ratio), and the presence of the rare flavone syzalterin (6,8-dimethylapigenin) (3) as a minor compound. Exposures of MEA to apigenin and genistein standards did not induce the MFR and MBR inhibition observed with ZL1, whereas exposure to syzalterin standard or to a 1:9 mixture syzalterin-genistein induced effects similar to ZL1. These inhibitory effects were comparable to that observed with high-THC hashish, possibly accounting for the plant psychoactive properties. Data indicate that Z. latifolia, currently marketed as a free herbal product, should be subjected to measures of control. In addition, syzalterin showed distinctive pharmacological properties, opening the way to its possible exploitation as a neuroactive drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Alloisio
- ETT Spa, Genova, Italy.,National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biophysics, Genova, Italy
| | - Marco Clericuzio
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation (DISIT), University of Eastern Piedmont, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Mario Nobile
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biophysics, Genova, Italy
| | - Annalisa Salis
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Gianluca Damonte
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Genova, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Section of Biochemistry, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Claudia Canali
- Forensic Science Police Service, Italian National Police, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Laura Cornara
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Bruno Burlando
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
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Westlund KN, Lu Y, Zhang L, Pappas TC, Zhang WR, Taglialatela G, McIlwrath SL, McNearney TA. Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Reduce NMDA NR1 Subunit Expression, Nuclear Translocation, and Behavioral Pain Measures in Experimental Arthritis. Front Physiol 2020; 11:440. [PMID: 32536874 PMCID: PMC7267073 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the lumbar spinal cord dorsal horn, release of afferent nerve glutamate activates the neurons that relay information about injury pain. Here, we examined the effects of protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibition on NMDA receptor NR1 subunit protein expression and subcellular localization in an acute experimental arthritis model. PTK inhibitors genistein and lavendustin A reduced cellular histological translocation of NMDA NR1 in the spinal cord occurring after the inflammatory insult and the nociceptive behavioral responses to heat. The PTK inhibitors were administered into lumbar spinal cord by microdialysis, and secondary heat hyperalgesia was determined using the Hargreaves test. NMDA NR1 cellular protein expression and nuclear translocation were determined by immunocytochemical localization with light and electron microscopy, as well as with Western blot analysis utilizing both C- and N-terminal antibodies. Genistein and lavendustin A (but not inactive lavendustin B or diadzein) effectively reduced (i) pain related behavior, (ii) NMDA NR1 subunit expression increases in spinal cord, and (iii) the shift of NR1 from a cell membrane to a nuclear localization. Genistein pre-treatment reduced these events that occur in vivo within 4 h after inflammatory insult to the knee joint with kaolin and carrageenan (k/c). Cycloheximide reduced glutamate activated upregulation of NR1 content confirming synthesis of new protein in response to the inflammatory insult. In addition to this in vivo data, genistein or staurosporin inhibited upregulation of NMDA NR1 protein and nuclear translocation in vitro after treatment of human neuroblastoma clonal cell cultures (SH-SY5Y) with glutamate or NMDA (4 h). These studies provide evidence that inflammatory activation of peripheral nerves initiates increase in NMDA NR1 in the spinal cord coincident with development of pain related behaviors through glutamate non-receptor, PTK dependent cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin N Westlund
- Research Division, New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM, United States.,Anesthesiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States.,Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Ying Lu
- Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Liping Zhang
- Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Todd C Pappas
- Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Wen-Ru Zhang
- Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Giulio Taglialatela
- Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States.,Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Sabrina L McIlwrath
- Research Division, New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Terry A McNearney
- Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States.,Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States.,Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
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7
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Arakawa S, Inoue M, Kinouchi R, Morizumi S, Yamaguchi M, Shimazu Y, Takeda M. Dietary constituent genistein inhibits the hyperexcitability of trigeminal nociceptive neurons associated with mechanical hyperalgesia following orofacial inflammation. J Oral Biosci 2019; 61:215-220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Verma R, Samanta R, Krishna A. Comparative Effects of Estrogen and Phytoestrogen, Genistein on Testicular Activities of Streptozotocin-Induced Type 2 Diabetic Mice. Reprod Sci 2018; 26:1294-1306. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719118815576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the effect of synthetic estrogen (E2) with a phytoestrogen and genistein in ameliorating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D)-mediated testicular dysfunction in mice. The streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetic mice were treated exogenously with either E2 or genistein for 2 durations and compared their effects on testicular activities, serum glucose, and insulin level. Type 2 diabetic mice treated with E2 for only short term (14 days) improved regressive changes in the testicular histology by increasing testosterone synthesis and improving insulin sensitivity, whereas those treated for longer duration (28 days) failed to improve testicular dysfunctions. On the other hand, genistein treated for both short- and long term was useful in improving T2D-induced adverse effects on testicular functions. This study further suggests that treatment with genistein improves spermatogenesis in type 2 diabetic mice by increasing insulin-induced formation of lactate and antioxidative enzymes, which contributes to prevent germ cell apoptosis. Thus, genistein can be used to ameliorate T2D-induced testicular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachna Verma
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rusa Samanta
- Department of Home Science, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amitabh Krishna
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Jie HF, Yang GJ, Bi RY, Mo SY, Gan YH, Xie QF. Genistein Antagonizes 17β-Estradiol Effects on Glutamate-Evoked Masseter Muscle Hypernociception in Rats. Front Neurol 2018; 9:649. [PMID: 30166977 PMCID: PMC6106884 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) predominantly affect women of reproductive ages, with pain as the main symptom. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) on glutamate-evoked hypernociception of masseter muscle and to examine whether genistein could antagonize the effects of E2 in female rats. Injection of glutamate into the masseter muscle dose-dependently decreased head withdrawal thresholds, a parameter for mechanical hypernociception. Head withdrawal thresholds in ovariectomized rats also decreased with increasing doses of E2 replacement, and were further aggravated by injection of glutamate (1M, 40μL) into the masseters. Genistein at doses of 7.5 and 15 mg/kg antagonized E2-induced hypernociception of masseter muscle, and at doses of 7.5, 15, and 30 mg/kg also antagonized E2 potentiation of glutamate-evoked hypernociception of masseter muscle. Genistein produced optimal antagonistic effects of E2 on nociception behavior at a dose of 15 mg/kg. On the molecular level, tyrosine phosphorylation of the NR2B subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (pNR2B) and phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase (pERK1/2) were significantly upregulated in the hippocampus following glutamate injection and were further potentiated by E2 replacement. Genistein at dose of 15 mg/kg partially reversed E2-potentiated glutamate-evoked upregulation of pNR2B and pERK1/2 expression in the hippocampus. These results indicated that moderate doses of genistein could antagonize E2 enhanced glutamate-evoked hypernociception of masseter muscle possibly via N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor and ERK1/2 signaling pathways in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fei Jie
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Center for Oral Functional Diagnosis, Treatment and Research, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Ju Yang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Center for Oral Functional Diagnosis, Treatment and Research, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Yun Bi
- Third Dental Center, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Yi Mo
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Center for Oral Functional Diagnosis, Treatment and Research, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Ye-Hua Gan
- Central Laboratory and Center for TMD & Orofacial Pain, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Qiu-Fei Xie
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Center for Oral Functional Diagnosis, Treatment and Research, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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Schreihofer DA, Oppong-Gyebi A. Genistein: mechanisms of action for a pleiotropic neuroprotective agent in stroke. Nutr Neurosci 2017; 22:375-391. [PMID: 29063799 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2017.1391933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Genistein is a plant estrogen promoted as an alternative to post-menopausal hormone therapy because of a good safety profile and its promotion as a natural product. Several preclinical studies of cerebral ischemia and other models of brain injury support a beneficial role for genistein in protecting the brain from injury whether administered chronically or acutely. Like estrogen, genistein is a pleiotropic molecule that engages several different mechanisms to enhance brain health, including reduction of oxidative stress, promotion of growth factor signaling, and immune suppression. These actions occur in endothelial, glial, and neuronal cells to provide a coordinated beneficial action to ischemic challenge. Though many of these protective actions are associated with estrogen-like actions of genistein, additional activities on other receptors and intracellular targets suggest that genistein is more than a mere estrogen-mimic. Importantly, genistein lacks some of the detrimental effects associated with post-menopausal estrogen treatment and may provide an alternative to hormone therapy in those patients at risk for ischemic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek A Schreihofer
- a Center for Neuroscience Discovery and Institute for Healthy Aging , University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth , 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth , TX 76107 , USA
| | - Anthony Oppong-Gyebi
- a Center for Neuroscience Discovery and Institute for Healthy Aging , University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth , 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth , TX 76107 , USA
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Malik M, Rangel-Barajas C, Sumien N, Su C, Singh M, Chen Z, Huang RQ, Meunier J, Maurice T, Mach RH, Luedtke RR. The effects of sigma (σ1) receptor-selective ligands on muscarinic receptor antagonist-induced cognitive deficits in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:2519-31. [PMID: 25573298 PMCID: PMC4409904 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cognitive deficits in patients with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, traumatic brain injury and stroke often involve alterations in cholinergic signalling. Currently available therapeutic drugs provide only symptomatic relief. Therefore, novel therapeutic strategies are needed to retard and/or arrest the progressive loss of memory. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Scopolamine-induced memory impairment provides a rapid and reversible phenotypic screening paradigm for cognition enhancement drug discovery. Male C57BL/6J mice given scopolamine (1 mg·kg(-1) ) were used to evaluate the ability of LS-1-137, a novel sigma (σ1) receptor-selective agonist, to improve the cognitive deficits associated with muscarinic antagonist administration. KEY RESULTS LS-1-137 is a high-affinity (Ki = 3.2 nM) σ1 receptor agonist that is 80-fold selective for σ1, compared with σ2 receptors. LS-1-137 binds with low affinity at D2-like (D2, D3 and D4) dopamine and muscarinic receptors. LS-1-137 was found to partially reverse the learning deficits associated with scopolamine administration using a water maze test and an active avoidance task. LS-1-137 treatment was also found to trigger the release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor from rat astrocytes. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The σ1 receptor-selective compound LS-1-137 may represent a novel candidate cognitive enhancer for the treatment of muscarinic receptor-dependent cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maninder Malik
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science CenterFort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Claudia Rangel-Barajas
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science CenterFort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Nathalie Sumien
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science CenterFort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Chang Su
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science CenterFort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Meharvan Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science CenterFort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Zhenglan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science CenterFort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Ren-Qi Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science CenterFort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Johann Meunier
- AMYLGENMontferrier-surLez, France
- 3 INSERM U. 710Montpellier, France
| | - Tangui Maurice
- AMYLGENMontferrier-surLez, France
- 3 INSERM U. 710Montpellier, France
- University of MontpellierMontpellier, France
| | - Robert H Mach
- Department of Radiology, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert R Luedtke
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science CenterFort Worth, TX, USA
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Wang X, Zhao T, Zhou S, Sun L, Zhang L, Yu G. Mg2+-Dependent Modulation of BKCaChannels by Genistein in Rat Arteriolar Smooth Muscle Cells. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:1981-9. [PMID: 24729485 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Wang
- Department of Neurology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; Harbin PR China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Department of Neurology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; Harbin PR China
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- Department of Neurology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; Harbin PR China
| | - Lina Sun
- Department of Neurology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; Harbin PR China
| | - Liming Zhang
- Department of Neurology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; Harbin PR China
| | - Guichun Yu
- Department of Neurology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; Harbin PR China
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Oz M, Al Kury L, Keun-Hang SY, Mahgoub M, Galadari S. Cellular approaches to the interaction between cannabinoid receptor ligands and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 731:100-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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14
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Gatch MB, Kozlenkov A, Huang RQ, Yang W, Nguyen JD, González-Maeso J, Rice KC, France CP, Dillon GH, Forster MJ, Schetz JA. The HIV antiretroviral drug efavirenz has LSD-like properties. Neuropsychopharmacology 2013; 38:2373-84. [PMID: 23702798 PMCID: PMC3799056 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2013.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Anecdotal reports have surfaced concerning misuse of the HIV antiretroviral medication efavirenz ((4S)-6-chloro-4-(2-cyclopropylethynyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2,4-dihydro-1H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one) by HIV patients and non-infected teens who crush the pills and smoke the powder for its psychoactive effects. Molecular profiling of the receptor pharmacology of efavirenz pinpointed interactions with multiple established sites of action for other known drugs of abuse including catecholamine and indolamine transporters, and GABAA and 5-HT(2A) receptors. In rodents, interaction with the 5-HT(2A) receptor, a primary site of action of lysergic acid diethylamine (LSD), appears to dominate efavirenz's behavioral profile. Both LSD and efavirenz reduce ambulation in a novel open-field environment. Efavirenz occasions drug-lever responding in rats discriminating LSD from saline, and this effect is abolished by selective blockade of the 5-HT(2A) receptor. Similar to LSD, efavirenz induces head-twitch responses in wild-type, but not in 5-HT(2A)-knockout, mice. Despite having GABAA-potentiating effects (like benzodiazepines and barbiturates), and interactions with dopamine transporter, serotonin transporter, and vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (like cocaine and methamphetamine), efavirenz fails to maintain responding in rats that self-administer cocaine, and it fails to produce a conditioned place preference. Although its molecular pharmacology is multifarious, efavirenz's prevailing behavioral effect in rodents is consistent with LSD-like activity mediated via the 5-HT(2A) receptor. This finding correlates, in part, with the subjective experiences in humans who abuse efavirenz and with specific dose-dependent adverse neuropsychiatric events, such as hallucinations and night terrors, reported by HIV patients taking it as a medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Gatch
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Alexey Kozlenkov
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ren-Qi Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Wenjuan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jacques D Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Javier González-Maeso
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kenner C Rice
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Chemical Biology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Charles P France
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Glenn H Dillon
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA,Institute for Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Michael J Forster
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA,Institute for Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - John A Schetz
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA,Institute for Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA,Department of Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA,Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX, USA, Tel: +1 817 735 2064, Fax: +1 817 735 0408, E-mail:
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15
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Guerra-Laso JM, González-García S, González-Cortés C, Diez-Tascón C, López-Medrano R, Rivero-Lezcano OM. Macrophages from elders are more permissive to intracellular multiplication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:1235-50. [PMID: 22791369 PMCID: PMC3705107 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-012-9451-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2012] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The elderly account for a disproportionate share of all tuberculosis cases, and the population ageing may not fully explain this phenomenon. We have performed in vitro infection experiments to investigate whether there is an immunological basis for the apparent susceptibility of elders to tuberculosis. In our infection model, Mycobacterium tuberculosis induces a higher production of interleukin (IL)-6 and reactive oxygen species in macrophages from elders than from younger adults. This response did not prevent, however, an increased multiplication of M. tuberculosis in macrophages from elders as compared with the growth observed within cells from adults. By performing a factorial experiment, we have found that IFN-γ, but not IL-1β, IL-6 or TNF-α, stimulate the macrophages to restrict the multiplication of the bacterium in macrophages from elders. Although monocytes from elders seem to be in a higher level of activation, we present evidences that protein tyrosine phosphorylation response induced by M. tuberculosis is stronger in monocytes from adults than from elders. Using a protein array that detects 71 tyrosine phosphorylated kinases, we identified Pyk2 as the only kinase that displayed a difference of intensity larger than 50 % in adults than in elders. Furthermore, monocytes from elders that were incubated in the presence of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (genistein and PP2) allowed a higher level of bacterial multiplication. These observations may help to explain the susceptibility of elders to tuberculosis. An unexpected result was that both genistein and its negative control, daidzein, abundant soy isoflavones, promoted intracellular mycobacterial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. Guerra-Laso
- />Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital de León, Altos de Nava s/n, 24008 León, Spain
| | - Sandra González-García
- />Unidad de Investigación, Hospital de León, Edif. S. Antonio Abad, Altos de Nava s/n, 24008 León, Spain
| | - Carolina González-Cortés
- />Unidad de Investigación, Hospital de León, Edif. S. Antonio Abad, Altos de Nava s/n, 24008 León, Spain
| | - Cristina Diez-Tascón
- />Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital de León, Altos de Nava s/n, 24008 León, Spain
| | - Ramiro López-Medrano
- />Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Comarcal del Bierzo, Médicos sin Fronteras, 7, 24411 Fuentesnuevas, Spain
| | - Octavio M. Rivero-Lezcano
- />Unidad de Investigación, Hospital de León, Edif. S. Antonio Abad, Altos de Nava s/n, 24008 León, Spain
- />Fundación Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y León, Parque de Santa Clara s/n, 42002 Soria, Spain
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Francisco AMC, Carbonel AF, Simões RS, Soares JM, Baracat EC, Haidar MA. Do extracts of oral soybean augment the trophic effect of estrogen on the rat uterus? Climacteric 2013; 16:161-8. [PMID: 22762389 DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2012.679168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether soybean extracts and estrogens present additive effects on adult rat uterus. METHODS Fifty ovariectomized rats were randomly divided into five equal groups of ten animals: Control, treated with vehicle; SE46 and SE120, treated with 46 and 120 mg/kg soybean concentrated extract (SE), respectively; EE, treated with conjugated equine estrogens (CE) 50 μg/kg; SE120 + EE, treated with 50 μg/kg (CE) plus 120 mg/kg SE. The substances were administered daily by gavage for 21 consecutive days. Thereafter the animals were weighed and killed by decapitation; trunk blood was collected for hormone determinations. Uteri were removed immediately and fixed in 10% formaldehyde, followed by dehydration, embedding in paraffin and 6-m sections staining with hematoxylin and eosin for histomorphometric analyses of myometrium and endometrium. After ANOVA analysis of the data, the study was complemented with the Tukey-Kramer test for multiple comparisons. RESULTS The concentrated extract of soybean at high concentration (SE 120 kg/mg) and estrogens proved to have a trophic effect on the uterus (endometrium and myometrium) of castrated rats. In groups SE120, EE and SE120 + EE, all morphometric parameters examined (number of glands, eosinophils, blood vessels and the glandular area) were increased. No significant addictive effects of soybean extract plus estrogens were detected in the SE120 + EE group. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that soy extract has a trophic effect on rat uterine structures. Treatment of ovariectomized rats with a concentrated soy extract in combination with conjugated estrogens had no addictive effect on the uterine response.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M C Francisco
- University of Vale do Sapucai - UNIVÁS, Gynecology, São Paulo, Brazil
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Khodaparast A, Sayyah M, Sardari S. Anticonvulsant Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extract and Aqueous Fraction of Ebenus stellata in Mice. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2012; 15:811-9. [PMID: 23493240 PMCID: PMC3586894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fabaceae is the third largest family of flowering plants. Lack of essential oils in the plants of this family can be considered as an advantage and can favor them in search for safe and antiepileptic medicines. The effects of Fabacea family plants including Ebenus stellata (E. stellata), Sophora alopecuroides and Caesalpinia gilliiesii were evaluated in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and maximal electroshock (MES) seizure tests. MATERIALS AND METHODS The hydroalcoholic extracts were obtained by percolation of 100 g aerial parts of each plant in 900 ml ethanol 80%. Acute toxicity of the extracts was assessed. Non-toxic doses of the extracts were injected to the mice intraperitoneally (i.p.) and occurrence of clonic seizures induced by PTZ (60 mg/kg, i.p.) or tonic seizures induced by MES (50 mA, 50 Hz, 1 sec), were monitored up to 30 min after each administration. The anticonvulsant extract was then fractionated by dichloromethane and water. Phytochemical screening of the effective extract was also carried out by thin layer chromatography to verify active constituents. RESULTS Among the extracts used, only E. stellata had no toxicity and inhibited clonic seizures in a significant and dose-dependent (3-7 g/kg) manner with ED50 of 4 g/kg. Fractionation of the extract resulted in dose-dependent (1-5 g/kg) anticonvulsant activity, which was observed in aqueous fraction with ED50 of 1.74 g/kg. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of terpens/sterols, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannin and saponins in the extract. CONCLUSION The presence of anticonvulsant compounds in E. stellata suggests further activity-guided fractionation and analytical studies to find the potential of this plant as a source of anticonvulsant agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayeh Khodaparast
- Department. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran,Department of Biotechnology, Research & Science Campus, Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sayyah
- Department. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author; Tel/Fax: +98-21-66968854;
| | - Soroush Sardari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Centre, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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