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Xu YX, Zuo M, Zhou Y, Wan YH, Su PY, Tao FB, Sun Y. The mediating role of systemic inflammation in the association between bedroom light at night and new-onset depressive symptoms among Chinese young adults: A prospective cohort study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 955:177088. [PMID: 39437918 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2024] [Revised: 10/17/2024] [Accepted: 10/18/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The detrimental effects of exposure to light at night (LAN) have received increasing attention. However, the effects of LAN exposure on depressive symptoms and underlying mechanism are less explored. OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between LAN exposure with new-onset and trajectories of depressive symptoms, and the potential mediating role of systemic inflammation. METHODS Baseline bedroom LAN exposure was monitored every minute for 2 consecutive nights using a portable illuminance meter. Fasting blood samples were collected at the 1-year follow-up to determine high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Depressive symptoms were assessed at baseline, 1- and 2-year follow-up using the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ). RESULTS At baseline, the mean age of the 347 participants was 18.7 ± 0.8 years, and 35.2 % were men. At 2-year follow-up, the new-onset depressive symptoms were 14.7 %. Compared with low-LANavg (average light intensity from bedtime to rising time) intensity group (LANavg < 3 lx), those with high-LANavg intensity (LANavg ≥ 3 lx) were associated with an 125 % increase in risk for depressive symptoms (HR = 2.25; 95 % CI: 1.27, 4.00); Compared with short-LAN5 (duration of nighttime light intensity ≥5 lx) duration group (LAN5 < 45 min), those with long-LAN5 duration (LAN5 ≥ 45 min) were associated with an 119 % increase in risk for depressive symptoms (HR = 2.19; 95 % CI: 1.18, 4.06). Participants were classified into 3 trajectory groups: consistently low, slow or rapid increase depressive symptoms; both intensity and duration of LAN exposure were associated with higher likelihood of slow or rapid increase depressive symptoms. Additionally, hs-CRP partially mediated the relationship between intensity (mediation proportion: 7.1 %) and duration (mediation proportion: 10.6 %) of LAN exposure with depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION Excessive bedroom LAN exposure is associated with increased risk of depressive symptoms among young adults, and systemic inflammation may be a partial mediator in the LAN-depressive symptoms association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xiang Xu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health across the Life Course, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Min Zuo
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health across the Life Course, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health across the Life Course, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Yu-Hui Wan
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health across the Life Course, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Pu-Yu Su
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health across the Life Course, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Fang-Biao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health across the Life Course, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health across the Life Course, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China.
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Sarrazin DH, Gardner W, Marchese C, Balzinger M, Ramanathan C, Schott M, Rozov S, Veleanu M, Vestring S, Normann C, Rantamäki T, Antoine B, Barrot M, Challet E, Bourgin P, Serchov T. Prefrontal cortex molecular clock modulates development of depression-like phenotype and rapid antidepressant response in mice. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7257. [PMID: 39179578 PMCID: PMC11344080 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51716-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Depression is associated with dysregulated circadian rhythms, but the role of intrinsic clocks in mood-controlling brain regions remains poorly understood. We found increased circadian negative loop and decreased positive clock regulators expression in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of a mouse model of depression, and a subsequent clock countermodulation by the rapid antidepressant ketamine. Selective Bmal1KO in CaMK2a excitatory neurons revealed that the functional mPFC clock is an essential factor for the development of a depression-like phenotype and ketamine effects. Per2 silencing in mPFC produced antidepressant-like effects, while REV-ERB agonism enhanced the depression-like phenotype and suppressed ketamine action. Pharmacological potentiation of clock positive modulator ROR elicited antidepressant-like effects, upregulating plasticity protein Homer1a, synaptic AMPA receptors expression and plasticity-related slow wave activity specifically in the mPFC. Our data demonstrate a critical role for mPFC molecular clock in regulating depression-like behavior and the therapeutic potential of clock pharmacological manipulations influencing glutamatergic-dependent plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Sarrazin
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences (INCI) UPR 3212, Strasbourg, France
| | - Wilf Gardner
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences (INCI) UPR 3212, Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study (USIAS), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Carole Marchese
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences (INCI) UPR 3212, Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study (USIAS), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Martin Balzinger
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences (INCI) UPR 3212, Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study (USIAS), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Marion Schott
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences (INCI) UPR 3212, Strasbourg, France
| | - Stanislav Rozov
- Laboratory of Neurotherapeutics, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maxime Veleanu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Vestring
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Berta-Ottenstein-Programme for Clinician Scientists, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Claus Normann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Neuromodulation, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tomi Rantamäki
- Laboratory of Neurotherapeutics, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Benedicte Antoine
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherches St-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Michel Barrot
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences (INCI) UPR 3212, Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study (USIAS), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Etienne Challet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences (INCI) UPR 3212, Strasbourg, France
| | - Patrice Bourgin
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences (INCI) UPR 3212, Strasbourg, France
- CIRCSom (International Research Center for ChronoSomnology) & Sleep Disorders Center, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Tsvetan Serchov
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences (INCI) UPR 3212, Strasbourg, France.
- University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study (USIAS), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Dołoto A, Bąk E, Batóg G, Piątkowska-Chmiel I, Herbet M. Interactions of antidepressants with concomitant medications-safety of complex therapies in multimorbidities. Pharmacol Rep 2024; 76:714-739. [PMID: 39012418 PMCID: PMC11294384 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-024-00611-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Depression is the fourth most serious disease in the world. Left untreated, it is a cause of suicide attempts, emergence or exacerbation worsening of serious diseases, bodily and mental disorders, as well as increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, stroke, diabetes, and obesity, as well as endocrine and neurological diseases. Frequent coexistence of depression and other diseases requires the simultaneous use of several drugs from different therapeutic groups, which very often interact and intensify comorbidities, sometimes unrelated mechanisms. Sufficient awareness of potential drug interactions is critical in clinical practice, as it allows both to avoid disruption of proper pharmacotherapy and achieve substantive results. Therefore, this review aims to analyze the interactions of antidepressants with other concomitant medications. Against the backdrop of experimental research and a thorough analysis of the up-to-date literature, the authors discuss in detail the mechanisms and effects of action of individual drug interactions and adaptogens, including the latest antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dołoto
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8B Street, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewelina Bąk
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8B Street, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Gabriela Batóg
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8B Street, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Iwona Piątkowska-Chmiel
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8B Street, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Mariola Herbet
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8B Street, 20-090, Lublin, Poland.
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4
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Akbar Z, Shi Z. Unfavorable Mealtime, Meal Skipping, and Shiftwork Are Associated with Circadian Syndrome in Adults Participating in NHANES 2005-2016. Nutrients 2024; 16:1581. [PMID: 38892514 PMCID: PMC11173982 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The concept of Circadian Syndrome (CircS) aims to emphasize the circadian disruptions underlying cardiometabolic conditions. Meal timing and shiftwork may disrupt circadian rhythms, increasing cardiometabolic risk. This study aimed to assess the associations of meal timing, meal skipping, and shiftwork with CircS in US adults and explore effect modifications by sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. CircS was defined using Metabolic Syndrome components in addition to short sleep and depression symptoms. Data from 10,486 participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2016 were analyzed cross-sectionally. Mealtime was assessed by calculating the midpoint of intake between breakfast and dinner and dichotomizing it into favorable mealtime (between 12:30 and 13:15) and unfavorable mealtime using a data-driven approach. Meal skippers were categorized separately. Participants working evening, night, or rotating shifts were classified as shift workers. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, an unfavorable mealtime, meal skipping, and shiftwork were associated with a higher likelihood of CircS (OR = 1.24; 95%CI 1.07-1.44, OR = 1.39; 95%CI 1.16-1.67, and OR = 1.37; 95%CI 1.01-1.87, respectively). Subgroup analyses revealed no significant interactions between meal timing, meal skipping, or shiftwork and socioeconomic status or lifestyle regarding CircS. These findings highlight the importance of aligning mealtimes with circadian rhythms for improved circadian health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zumin Shi
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar;
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5
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Gilmore GR, Dyche J. Sleep/wake regularity and cognition in college students using antidepressants. Physiol Behav 2024; 273:114414. [PMID: 37992793 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
The current project examined sleep, sleep/wake regularity, and cognition in college students diagnosed with depression and using serotonergic antidepressants and in those without a depression diagnosis. Forty participants either using antidepressants (n = 20, 24.75 ± 6.82 years) or without a depression diagnosis (n = 20, 21.70 ± 2.74 years) wore actigraphs for two consecutive weeks (14 days). Cognitive tasks were completed on day 1 (along with demographic surveys) and day 14. Effect sizes indicated that compared to non-clinically depressed peers, participants using antidepressants exhibited slightly greater wake after sleep onset (d = 0.36) and lower sleep efficiency (d = 0.40); however, these differences were likely not noticed by the sleeper. No sleep regularity or cognitive differences were present between groups. Within the antidepressant group, higher dosage predicted greater time in bed (R2 = 0.77), but less total sleep time (R2 = 0.86). The time of day that participants took their antidepressant exhibited differential effects on certain cognitive parameters, such as procedural reaction time and spatial processing, and interactions with years of antidepressant use were found. Self-reported wake episodes also predicted better reaction time and inhibition in the antidepressant group. This study is the first to demonstrate that sleep/wake regularity is comparable between people using antidepressants and non-clinically depressed human samples. For individuals using antidepressants, years of use, dosage, and time of day of use have predictive qualities for reaction times, spatial processing, and inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel R Gilmore
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, 106-B Kastle Hall, Lexington, KY, 40506, United States.
| | - Jeff Dyche
- Department of Psychology, James Madison University, Miller Hall, MSC 7704, 91 E. Grace Street, Harrisonburg, VA, United States
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Shankar A, Deal CK, McCahon S, Callegari K, Seitz T, Yan L, Drown DM, Williams CT. SAD rats: Effects of short photoperiod and carbohydrate consumption on sleep, liver steatosis, and the gut microbiome in diurnal grass rats. Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:93-104. [PMID: 38047486 PMCID: PMC10843721 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2288223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a recurrent depression triggered by exposure to short photoperiods, with a subset of patients reporting hypersomnia, increased appetite, and carbohydrate craving. Dysfunction of the microbiota - gut - brain axis is frequently associated with depressive disorders, but its role in SAD is unknown. Nile grass rats (Arvicanthis niloticus) are potentially useful for exploring the pathophysiology of SAD, as they are diurnal and have been found to exhibit anhedonia and affective-like behavior in response to short photoperiods. Further, given grass rats have been found to spontaneously develop metabolic syndrome, they may be particularly susceptible to environmental triggers of metabolic dysbiosis. We conducted a 2 × 2 factorial design experiment to test the effects of short photoperiod (4 h:20 h Light:Dark (LD) vs. neutral 12:12 LD), access to a high concentration (8%) sucrose solution, and the interaction between the two, on activity, sleep, liver steatosis, and the gut microbiome of grass rats. We found that animals on short photoperiods maintained robust diel rhythms and similar subjective day lengths as controls in neutral photoperiods but showed disrupted activity and sleep patterns (i.e. a return to sleep after an initial bout of activity that occurs ~ 13 h before lights off). We found no evidence that photoperiod influenced sucrose consumption. By the end of the experiment, some grass rats were overweight and exhibited signs of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with micro- and macro-steatosis. However, neither photoperiod nor access to sucrose solution significantly affected the degree of liver steatosis. The gut microbiome of grass rats varied substantially among individuals, but most variation was attributable to parental effects and the microbiome was unaffected by photoperiod or access to sucrose. Our study indicates short photoperiod leads to disrupted activity and sleep in grass rats but does not impact sucrose consumption or exacerbate metabolic dysbiosis and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Shankar
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks AK 99775, USA
- Current: Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Cole K. Deal
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA
| | - Shelby McCahon
- Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks AK 99775, USA
| | - Kyle Callegari
- Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks AK 99775, USA
| | - Taylor Seitz
- Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks AK 99775, USA
| | - Lily Yan
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Devin M. Drown
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks AK 99775, USA
- Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks AK 99775, USA
| | - Cory T. Williams
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA
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Rugulies R, Aust B, Greiner BA, Arensman E, Kawakami N, LaMontagne AD, Madsen IEH. Work-related causes of mental health conditions and interventions for their improvement in workplaces. Lancet 2023; 402:1368-1381. [PMID: 37838442 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)00869-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Mental health problems and disorders are common among working people and are costly for the affected individuals, employers, and whole of society. This discussion paper provides an overview of the current state of knowledge on the relationship between work and mental health to inform research, policy, and practice. We synthesise available evidence, examining both the role of working conditions in the development of mental disorders, and what can be done to protect and promote mental health in the workplace. We show that exposure to some working conditions is associated with an increased risk of the onset of depressive disorders, the most studied mental disorders. The causality of the association, however, is still debated. Causal inference should be supported by more research with stronger linkage to theory, better exposure assessment, better understanding of biopsychosocial mechanisms, use of innovative analytical methods, a life-course perspective, and better understanding of the role of context, including the role of societal structures in the development of mental disorders. There is growing evidence for the effectiveness of interventions to protect and promote mental health and wellbeing in the workplace; however, there is a disproportionate focus on interventions directed towards individual workers and illnesses, compared with interventions for improving working conditions and enhancing mental health. Moreover, research on work and mental health is mainly done in high-income countries, and often does not address workers in lower socioeconomic positions. Flexible and innovative approaches tailored to local conditions are needed in implementation research on workplace mental health to complement experimental studies. Improvements in translating workplace mental health research to policy and practice, such as through workplace-oriented concrete guidance for interventions, and by national policies and programmes focusing on the people most in need, could capitalise on the growing interest in workplace mental health, possibly yielding important mental health gains in working populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiner Rugulies
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Birgit Aust
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ella Arensman
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; National Suicide Research Foundation, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Norito Kawakami
- Department of Digital Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Junpukai Foundation, Okayama, Japan
| | - Anthony D LaMontagne
- School of Health and Social Development, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Ida E H Madsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Origins and consequences of mood flexibility: a computational perspective. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 147:105084. [PMID: 36764635 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
A stable and neutral mood (euthymia) is commended by both economic and clinical perspectives, because it enables rational decisions and avoids mental illnesses. Here we suggest, on the contrary, that a flexible mood responsive to life events may be more adaptive for natural selection, because it can help adjust the behavior to fluctuations in the environment. In our model (dubbed MAGNETO), mood represents a global expected value that biases decisions to forage for a particular reward. When flexible, mood is updated every time an action is taken, by aggregating incurred costs and obtained rewards. Model simulations show that, across a large range of parameters, flexible agents outperform cold agents (with stable neutral mood), particularly when rewards and costs are correlated in time, as naturally occurring across seasons. However, with more extreme parameters, simulations generate short manic episodes marked by incessant foraging and lasting depressive episodes marked by persistent inaction. The MAGNETO model therefore accounts for both the function of mood fluctuations and the emergence of mood disorders.
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Foilb AR, Taylor-Yeremeeva EM, Fritsch EL, Ravichandran C, Lezak KR, Missig G, McCullough KM, Carlezon WA. Differential effects of the stress peptides PACAP and CRF on sleep architecture in mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.22.533872. [PMID: 36993188 PMCID: PMC10055371 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.22.533872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Stress produces profound effects on behavior, including persistent alterations in sleep patterns. Here we examined the effects of two prototypical stress peptides, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), on sleep architecture and other translationally-relevant endpoints. Male and female mice were implanted with subcutaneous transmitters enabling continuous measurement of electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG), as well as body temperature and locomotor activity, without tethering that restricts free movement, body posture, or head orientation during sleep. At baseline, females spent more time awake (AW) and less time in slow wave sleep (SWS) than males. Mice then received intracerebral infusions of PACAP or CRF at doses producing equivalent increases in anxiety-like behavior. The effects of PACAP on sleep architecture were similar in both sexes and resembled those reported in male mice after chronic stress exposure. Compared to vehicle infusions, PACAP infusions decreased time in AW, increased time in SWS, and increased rapid eye movement sleep (REM) time and bouts on the day following treatment. In addition, PACAP effects on REM time remained detectable a week after treatment. PACAP infusions also reduced body temperature and locomotor activity. Under the same experimental conditions, CRF infusions had minimal effects on sleep architecture in either sex, causing only transient increases in SWS during the dark phase, with no effects on temperature or activity. These findings suggest that PACAP and CRF have fundamentally different effects on sleep-related metrics, and provide new insights into the mechanisms by which stress disrupts sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison R Foilb
- Basic Neuroscience Division, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Elisa M Taylor-Yeremeeva
- Basic Neuroscience Division, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Emma L Fritsch
- Basic Neuroscience Division, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Caitlin Ravichandran
- Basic Neuroscience Division, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Kimberly R Lezak
- Basic Neuroscience Division, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Galen Missig
- Basic Neuroscience Division, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth M McCullough
- Basic Neuroscience Division, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - William A Carlezon
- Basic Neuroscience Division, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
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10
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Serotonin 5-HT 1B receptors mediate the antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects of ventromedial prefrontal cortex deep brain stimulation in a mouse model of social defeat. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:3875-3892. [PMID: 36282287 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation (DBS) delivered to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) induces antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like responses in various animal models. Electrophysiology and neurochemical studies suggest that these effects may be dependent, at least in part, on the serotonergic system. In rodents, vmPFC DBS reduces raphe cell firing and increases serotonin (5-HT) release and the expression of serotonergic receptors in different brain regions. METHODS We examined whether the behavioural responses of chronic vmPFC DBS are mediated by 5-HT1A or 5-HT1B receptors through a series of experiments. First, we delivered stimulation to mice undergoing chronic social defeat stress (CSDS), followed by a battery of behavioural tests. Second, we measured the expression of 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptors in different brain regions with western blot. Finally, we conducted pharmacological experiments to mitigate the behavioural effects of DBS using the 5-HT1A antagonist, WAY-100635, or the 5-HT1B antagonist, GR-127935. RESULTS We found that chronic DBS delivered to stressed animals reduced the latency to feed in the novelty suppressed feeding test (NSF) and immobility in the forced swim test (FST). Though no significant changes were observed in receptor expression, 5-HT1B levels in DBS-treated animals were found to be non-significantly increased in the vmPFC, hippocampus, and nucleus accumbens and reduced in the raphe compared to non-stimulated controls. Finally, while animals given vmPFC stimulation along with WAY-100635 still presented significant responses in the NSF and FST, these were mitigated following GR-127935 administration. CONCLUSIONS The antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects of DBS in rodents may be partially mediated by 5-HT1B receptors.
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Watanabe K, Tsutsumi A. The Passive Monitoring of Depression and Anxiety Among Workers Using Digital Biomarkers Based on Their Physical Activity and Working Conditions: 2-Week Longitudinal Study. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e40339. [DOI: 10.2196/40339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Digital data on physical activity are useful for self-monitoring and preventing depression and anxiety. Although previous studies have reported machine or deep learning models that use physical activity for passive monitoring of depression and anxiety, there are no models for workers. The working population has different physical activity patterns from other populations, which is based on commuting, holiday patterns, physical demands, occupations, and industries. These working conditions are useful in optimizing the model used in predicting depression and anxiety. Further, recurrent neural networks increase predictive accuracy by using previous inputs on physical activity, depression, and anxiety.
Objective
This study evaluated the performance of a deep learning model optimized for predicting depression and anxiety in workers. Psychological distress was considered a depression and anxiety indicator.
Methods
A 2-week longitudinal study was conducted with workers in urban areas in Japan. Absent workers were excluded. In a daily survey, psychological distress was measured using a self-reported questionnaire. As features, activity time by intensity was determined using the Google Fit application. Additionally, we measured age, gender, occupations, employment status, work shift types, working hours, and whether the response date was a working or nonworking day. A deep learning model, using long short-term memory, was developed and validated to predict psychological distress the next day, using features of the previous day. Further, a 5-fold cross-validation method was used to evaluate the performance of the aforementioned model. As the primary indicator of performance, classification accuracy for the severity of the psychological distress (light, subthreshold, and severe) was considered.
Results
A total of 1661 days of supervised data were obtained from 236 workers, who were aged between 20 and 69 years. The overall classification accuracy for psychological distress was 76.3% (SD 0.04%). The classification accuracy for severe-, subthreshold-, and light-level psychological distress was 51.1% (SD 0.05%), 60.6% (SD 0.05%), and 81.6% (SD 0.04%), respectively. The model predicted a light-level psychological distress the next day after the participants had been involved in 3 peaks of activity (in the morning, noon, and evening) on the previous day. Lower activity levels were predicted as subthreshold- and severe-level psychological distress. Different predictive results were observed on the basis of occupations and whether the previous day was a working or nonworking day.
Conclusions
The developed deep learning model showed a similar performance as in previous studies and, in particular, high accuracy for light-level psychological distress. Working conditions and long short-term memory were useful in maintaining the model performance for monitoring depression and anxiety, using digitally recorded physical activity in workers. The developed model can be implemented in mobile apps and may further be practically used by workers to self-monitor and maintain their mental health state.
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Francisco AP, Tonon AC, Amando GR, Hidalgo MP. Self-perceived rhythmicity in affective and cognitive functions is related to psychiatric symptoms in adolescents. Chronobiol Int 2022; 40:103-113. [PMID: 36377323 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2147078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between self-perceived rhythms measured using the Mood Rhythm Instrument for adolescents (MRhI-Y) and depressive and psychiatric symptoms measured with the Children's Depressive Instrument (CDI) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). In this study, 186 adolescents were recruited in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. We performed a Spearman correlation analysis to evaluate the relationships between quantitative variables. All variables that had a statistically significant correlation were included in ANOVA multiple regression models. The dependent variables in the multiple regression analyses were CDI score and total and emotional scores on the SDQ. We found that only Cognitive self-perceived rhythmicity contributed significantly to the first multiple regression with CDI as the outcome variable. The second regression with SDQ Emotional score as the outcome variable showed that female sex, age, and self-perceived affective rhythmicity contributed significantly to the model. The third regression with SDQ total score as the outcome variable showed that chronotype, self-perceived cognitive symptoms, and affective rhythmicity contributed significantly to the model. In conclusion, we found that lower self-perceived rhythmicity in cognitive factors and higher self-perceived rhythmicity in affective factors were related to presence and intensity of psychiatric and depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Francisco
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento – Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Andre Comiran Tonon
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento – Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Rodriguez Amando
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento – Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maria Paz Hidalgo
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento – Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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13
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Amidi A, Wu LM. Circadian disruption and cancer- and treatment-related symptoms. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1009064. [PMID: 36387255 PMCID: PMC9650229 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1009064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer patients experience a number of co-occurring side- and late-effects due to cancer and its treatment including fatigue, sleep difficulties, depressive symptoms, and cognitive impairment. These symptoms can impair quality of life and may persist long after treatment completion. Furthermore, they may exacerbate each other's intensity and development over time. The co-occurrence and interdependent nature of these symptoms suggests a possible shared underlying mechanism. Thus far, hypothesized mechanisms that have been purported to underlie these symptoms include disruptions to the immune and endocrine systems. Recently circadian rhythm disruption has emerged as a related pathophysiological mechanism underlying cancer- and cancer-treatment related symptoms. Circadian rhythms are endogenous biobehavioral cycles lasting approximately 24 hours in humans and generated by the circadian master clock - the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus. The suprachiasmatic nucleus orchestrates rhythmicity in a wide range of bodily functions including hormone levels, body temperature, immune response, and rest-activity behaviors. In this review, we describe four common approaches to the measurement of circadian rhythms, highlight key research findings on the presence of circadian disruption in cancer patients, and provide a review of the literature on associations between circadian rhythm disruption and cancer- and treatment-related symptoms. Implications for future research and interventions will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Amidi
- Unit for Psycho-Oncology and Health Psychology, Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Sleep and Circadian Psychology Research Group, Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lisa M. Wu
- Unit for Psycho-Oncology and Health Psychology, Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Sleep and Circadian Psychology Research Group, Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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14
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Bilu C, Einat H, Zimmet P, Kronfeld-Schor N. Circadian rhythms-related disorders in diurnal fat sand rats under modern lifestyle conditions: A review. Front Physiol 2022; 13:963449. [PMID: 36160856 PMCID: PMC9489903 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.963449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern lifestyle reduces environmental rhythmicity and may lead to circadian desynchrony. We are exposed to poor day-time lighting indoors and excessive night-time artificial light. We use air-conditioning to reduce ambient temperature cycle, and food is regularly available at all times. These disruptions of daily rhythms may lead to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, cardiometabolic diseases (CMD), depression and anxiety, all of which impose major public health and economic burden on societies. Therefore, we need appropriate animal models to gain a better understanding of their etiologic mechanisms, prevention, and management.We argue that the fat sand rat (Psammomys obesus), a diurnal animal model, is most suitable for studying the effects of modern-life conditions. Numerous attributes make it an excellent model to study human health disorders including T2DM, CMD, depression and anxiety. Here we review a comprehensive series of studies we and others conducted, utilizing the fat sand rat to study the underlying interactions between biological rhythms and health. Understanding these interactions will help deciphering the biological basis of these diseases, which often occur concurrently. We found that when kept in the laboratory (compared with natural and semi-wild outdoors conditions where they are diurnal), fat sand rats show low amplitude, nocturnal or arrhythmic activity patterns, dampened daily glucose rhythm, glucose intolerance, obesity and decreased survival rates. Short photoperiod acclimation exacerbates these pathologies and further dampens behavioral and molecular daily rhythms, resulting in CMD, T2DM, obesity, adipocyte dysfunction, cataracts, depression and anxiety. Increasing environmental rhythmicity by morning bright light exposure or by access to running wheels strengthens daily rhythms, and results in higher peak-to-trough difference in activity, better rhythmicity in clock genes expression, lower blood glucose and insulin levels, improved glucose tolerance, lower body and heart weight, and lower anxiety and depression. In summary, we have demonstrated that fat sand rats living under the correspondent of “human modern lifestyle” conditions exhibit dampened behavioral and biological rhythms and develop circadian desynchrony, which leads to what we have named “The Circadian Syndrome”. Environmental manipulations that increase rhythmicity result in improvement or prevention of these pathologies. Similar interventions in human subjects could have the same positive results and further research on this should be undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmel Bilu
- School of Zoology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- *Correspondence: Carmel Bilu,
| | - Haim Einat
- School of Behavioral Sciences, Tel Aviv-Yaffo Academic College, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Paul Zimmet
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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15
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Gillett AC, Jermy BS, Lee SH, Pain O, Howard DM, Hagenaars SP, Hanscombe KB, Coleman JRI, Lewis CM. Exploring polygenic-environment and residual-environment interactions for depressive symptoms within the UK Biobank. Genet Epidemiol 2022; 46:219-233. [PMID: 35438196 PMCID: PMC9541465 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.22449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Substantial advances have been made in identifying genetic contributions to depression, but little is known about how the effect of genes can be modulated by the environment, creating a gene-environment interaction. Using multivariate reaction norm models (MRNMs) within the UK Biobank (N = 61294-91644), we investigate whether the polygenic and residual variance components of depressive symptoms are modulated by 17 a priori selected covariate traits-12 environmental variables and 5 biomarkers. MRNMs, a mixed-effects modelling approach, provide unbiased polygenic-covariate interaction estimates for a quantitative trait by controlling for outcome-covariate correlations and residual-covariate interactions. A continuous depressive symptom variable was the outcome in 17 MRNMs-one for each covariate trait. Each MRNM had a fixed-effects model (fixed effects included the covariate trait, demographic variables, and principal components) and a random effects model (where polygenic-covariate and residual-covariate interactions are modelled). Of the 17 selected covariates, 11 significantly modulate deviations in depressive symptoms through the modelled interactions, but no single interaction explains a large proportion of phenotypic variation. Results are dominated by residual-covariate interactions, suggesting that covariate traits (including neuroticism, childhood trauma, and BMI) typically interact with unmodelled variables, rather than a genome-wide polygenic component, to influence depressive symptoms. Only average sleep duration has a polygenic-covariate interaction explaining a demonstrably nonzero proportion of the variability in depressive symptoms. This effect is small, accounting for only 1.22% (95% confidence interval: [0.54, 1.89]) of variation. The presence of an interaction highlights a specific focus for intervention, but the negative results here indicate a limited contribution from polygenic-environment interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C Gillett
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Bradley S Jermy
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Sang Hong Lee
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia, SA, Adelaide, Australia.,UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Oliver Pain
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - David M Howard
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Saskia P Hagenaars
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ken B Hanscombe
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan R I Coleman
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Cathryn M Lewis
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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16
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Okawara M, Ishimaru T, Yoshikawa T, Kido M, Nakashima Y, Nakayasu A, Kimori K, Imamura S, Matsumoto K. Working hours, side work, and depressive symptoms in physicians: A nationwide cross‐sectional study in Japan. J Occup Health 2022; 64:e12377. [DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Okawara
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan Kitakyushu Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ishimaru
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan Kitakyushu Japan
| | - Toru Yoshikawa
- Research Center for the Overwork‐Related Disorders National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Japan Kawasaki Japan
| | - Michiko Kido
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Japanese Red Cross Medical Center Tokyo Japan
| | | | - Anna Nakayasu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Japanese Red Cross Medical Center Tokyo Japan
| | - Kokuto Kimori
- Executive Boards Japan Medical Association Tokyo Japan
| | - Satoshi Imamura
- Executive Boards Japan Medical Association Tokyo Japan
- Imamura Clinic Tokyo Japan
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17
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Zhao R, Sun JB, Deng H, Cheng C, Li X, Wang FM, He ZY, Chang MY, Lu LM, Tang CZ, Xu NG, Yang XJ, Qin W. Per1 gene polymorphisms influence the relationship between brain white matter microstructure and depression risk. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1022442. [PMID: 36440417 PMCID: PMC9691780 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1022442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circadian rhythm was involved in the pathogenesis of depression. The detection of circadian genes and white matter (WM) integrity achieved increasing focus for early prediction and diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD). This study aimed to explore the effects of PER1 gene polymorphisms (rs7221412), one of the key circadian genes, on the association between depressive level and WM microstructural integrity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diffusion tensor imaging scanning and depression assessment (Beck Depression Inventory, BDI) were performed in 77 healthy college students. Participants also underwent PER1 polymorphism detection and were divided into the AG group and AA group. The effects of PER1 genotypes on the association between the WM characteristics and BDI were analyzed using tract-based spatial statistics method. RESULTS Compared with homozygous form of PER1 gene (AA), more individuals with risk allele G of PER1 gene (AG) were in depression state with BDI cutoff of 14 (χ2 = 7.37, uncorrected p = 0.007). At the level of brain imaging, the WM integrity in corpus callosum, internal capsule, corona radiata and fornix was poorer in AG group compared with AA group. Furthermore, significant interaction effects of genotype × BDI on WM characteristics were observed in several emotion-related WM tracts. To be specific, the significant relationships between BDI and WM characteristics in corpus callosum, internal capsule, corona radiata, fornix, external capsule and sagittal stratum were only found in AG group, but not in AA group. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that the PER1 genotypes and emotion-related WM microstructure may provide more effective measures of depression risk at an early phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhao
- School of Electronics and Information, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jin-Bo Sun
- Intelligent Non-Invasive Neuromodulation Technology and Transformation Joint Laboratory, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Deng
- Intelligent Non-Invasive Neuromodulation Technology and Transformation Joint Laboratory, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- Intelligent Non-Invasive Neuromodulation Technology and Transformation Joint Laboratory, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xue Li
- Intelligent Non-Invasive Neuromodulation Technology and Transformation Joint Laboratory, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fu-Min Wang
- School of Electronics and Information, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhao-Yang He
- School of Electronics and Information, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng-Ying Chang
- School of Electronics and Information, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li-Ming Lu
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Zhi Tang
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Neng-Gui Xu
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Juan Yang
- Intelligent Non-Invasive Neuromodulation Technology and Transformation Joint Laboratory, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Qin
- Intelligent Non-Invasive Neuromodulation Technology and Transformation Joint Laboratory, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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18
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Topoisomerase IIIβ Deficiency Induces Neuro-Behavioral Changes and Brain Connectivity Alterations in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312806. [PMID: 34884616 PMCID: PMC8657541 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Topoisomerase IIIβ (Top3β), the only dual-activity topoisomerase in mammals that can change topology of both DNA and RNA, is known to be associated with neurodevelopment and mental dysfunction in humans. However, there is no report showing clear associations of Top3β with neuropsychiatric phenotypes in mice. Here, we investigated the effect of Top3β on neuro-behavior using newly generated Top3β deficient (Top3β-/-) mice. We found that Top3β-/- mice showed decreased anxiety and depression-like behaviors. The lack of Top3β was also associated with changes in circadian rhythm. In addition, a clear expression of Top3β was demonstrated in the central nervous system of mice. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) analysis revealed significantly altered connectivity between many brain regions in Top3β-/- mice, including the connectivity between the olfactory bulb and the cerebellum, the connectivity between the amygdala and the olfactory bulb, and the connectivity between the globus pallidus and the optic nerve. These connectivity alterations in brain regions are known to be linked to neurodevelopmental as well as psychiatric and behavioral disorders in humans. Therefore, we conclude that Top3β is essential for normal brain function and behavior in mice and that Top3β could be an interesting target to study neuropsychiatric disorders in humans.
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Rykov Y, Thach TQ, Bojic I, Christopoulos G, Car J. Digital Biomarkers for Depression Screening With Wearable Devices: Cross-sectional Study With Machine Learning Modeling. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2021; 9:e24872. [PMID: 34694233 PMCID: PMC8576601 DOI: 10.2196/24872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Depression is a prevalent mental disorder that is undiagnosed and untreated in half of all cases. Wearable activity trackers collect fine-grained sensor data characterizing the behavior and physiology of users (ie, digital biomarkers), which could be used for timely, unobtrusive, and scalable depression screening. Objective The aim of this study was to examine the predictive ability of digital biomarkers, based on sensor data from consumer-grade wearables, to detect risk of depression in a working population. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of 290 healthy working adults. Participants wore Fitbit Charge 2 devices for 14 consecutive days and completed a health survey, including screening for depressive symptoms using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), at baseline and 2 weeks later. We extracted a range of known and novel digital biomarkers characterizing physical activity, sleep patterns, and circadian rhythms from wearables using steps, heart rate, energy expenditure, and sleep data. Associations between severity of depressive symptoms and digital biomarkers were examined with Spearman correlation and multiple regression analyses adjusted for potential confounders, including sociodemographic characteristics, alcohol consumption, smoking, self-rated health, subjective sleep characteristics, and loneliness. Supervised machine learning with statistically selected digital biomarkers was used to predict risk of depression (ie, symptom severity and screening status). We used varying cutoff scores from an acceptable PHQ-9 score range to define the depression group and different subsamples for classification, while the set of statistically selected digital biomarkers remained the same. For the performance evaluation, we used k-fold cross-validation and obtained accuracy measures from the holdout folds. Results A total of 267 participants were included in the analysis. The mean age of the participants was 33 (SD 8.6, range 21-64) years. Out of 267 participants, there was a mild female bias displayed (n=170, 63.7%). The majority of the participants were Chinese (n=211, 79.0%), single (n=163, 61.0%), and had a university degree (n=238, 89.1%). We found that a greater severity of depressive symptoms was robustly associated with greater variation of nighttime heart rate between 2 AM and 4 AM and between 4 AM and 6 AM; it was also associated with lower regularity of weekday circadian rhythms based on steps and estimated with nonparametric measures of interdaily stability and autocorrelation as well as fewer steps-based daily peaks. Despite several reliable associations, our evidence showed limited ability of digital biomarkers to detect depression in the whole sample of working adults. However, in balanced and contrasted subsamples comprised of depressed and healthy participants with no risk of depression (ie, no or minimal depressive symptoms), the model achieved an accuracy of 80%, a sensitivity of 82%, and a specificity of 78% in detecting subjects at high risk of depression. Conclusions Digital biomarkers that have been discovered and are based on behavioral and physiological data from consumer wearables could detect increased risk of depression and have the potential to assist in depression screening, yet current evidence shows limited predictive ability. Machine learning models combining these digital biomarkers could discriminate between individuals with a high risk of depression and individuals with no risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Rykov
- Neuroglee Therapeutics, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thuan-Quoc Thach
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China (Hong Kong)
| | - Iva Bojic
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - George Christopoulos
- Division of Leadership, Management and Organisation, Nanyang Business School, College of Business, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Josip Car
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Rugulies R, Sørensen K, Di Tecco C, Bonafede M, Rondinone BM, Ahn S, Ando E, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Cabello M, Descatha A, Dragano N, Durand-Moreau Q, Eguchi H, Gao J, Godderis L, Kim J, Li J, Madsen IEH, Pachito DV, Sembajwe G, Siegrist J, Tsuno K, Ujita Y, Wang J, Zadow A, Iavicoli S, Pega F. The effect of exposure to long working hours on depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-related Burden of Disease and Injury. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 155:106629. [PMID: 34144478 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Labour Organization (ILO) are developing the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-related Burden of Disease and Injury (WHO/ILO Joint Estimates), supported by a large number of individual experts. Evidence from previous reviews suggests that exposure to long working hours may cause depression. In this article, we present a systematic review and meta-analysis of parameters for estimating (if feasible) the number of deaths and disability-adjusted life years from depression that are attributable to exposure to long working hours, for the development of the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates. OBJECTIVES We aimed to systematically review and meta-analyse estimates of the effect of exposure to long working hours (three categories: 41-48, 49-54 and ≥55 h/week), compared with exposure to standard working hours (35-40 h/week), on depression (three outcomes: prevalence, incidence and mortality). DATA SOURCES We developed and published a protocol, applying the Navigation Guide as an organizing systematic review framework where feasible. We searched electronic academic databases for potentially relevant records from published and unpublished studies, including the WHO International Clinical Trial Registers Platform, Medline, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CISDOC and PsycInfo. We also searched grey literature databases, Internet search engines and organizational websites; hand-searched reference lists of previous systematic reviews; and consulted additional experts. STUDY ELIGIBILITY AND CRITERIA We included working-age (≥15 years) workers in the formal and informal economy in any WHO and/or ILO Member State but excluded children (aged <15 years) and unpaid domestic workers. We included randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control studies and other non-randomized intervention studies with an estimate of the effect of exposure to long working hours (41-48, 49-54 and ≥55 h/week), compared with exposure to standard working hours (35-40 h/week), on depression (prevalence, incidence and/or mortality). STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS At least two review authors independently screened titles and abstracts against the eligibility criteria at a first stage and full texts of potentially eligible records at a second stage, followed by extraction of data from qualifying studies. Missing data were requested from principal study authors. We combined odds ratios using random-effects meta-analysis. Two or more review authors assessed the risk of bias, quality of evidence and strength of evidence, using Navigation Guide and GRADE tools and approaches adapted to this project. RESULTS Twenty-two studies (all cohort studies) met the inclusion criteria, comprising a total of 109,906 participants (51,324 females) in 32 countries (as one study included multiple countries) in three WHO regions (Americas, Europe and Western Pacific). The exposure was measured using self-reports in all studies, and the outcome was assessed with a clinical diagnostic interview (four studies), interview questions about diagnosis and treatment of depression (three studies) or a validated self-administered rating scale (15 studies). The outcome was defined as incident depression in all 22 studies, with first time incident depression in 21 studies and recurrence of depression in one study. We did not identify any study on prevalence of depression or on mortality from depression. For the body of evidence for the outcome incident depression, we had serious concerns for risk of bias due to selection because of incomplete outcome data (most studies assessed depression only twice, at baseline and at a later follow-up measurement, and likely have missed cases of depression that occurred after baseline but were in remission at the time of the follow-up measurement) and due to missing information on life-time prevalence of depression before baseline measurement. Compared with working 35-40 h/week, we are uncertain about the effect on acquiring (or incidence of) depression of working 41-48 h/week (pooled odds ratio (OR) 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.86 to 1.29, 8 studies, 49,392 participants, I2 46%, low quality of evidence); 49-54 h/week (OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.21, 8 studies, 49,392 participants, I2 40%, low quality of evidence); and ≥ 55 h/week (OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.24, 17 studies, 91,142 participants, I2 46%, low quality of evidence). Subgroup analyses found no evidence for statistically significant (P < 0.05) differences by WHO region, sex, age group and socioeconomic status. Sensitivity analyses found no statistically significant differences by outcome measurement (clinical diagnostic interview [gold standard] versus other measures) and risk of bias ("high"/"probably high" ratings in any domain versus "low"/"probably low" in all domains). CONCLUSIONS We judged the existing bodies of evidence from human data as "inadequate evidence for harmfulness" for all three exposure categories, 41-48, 48-54 and ≥55 h/week, for depression prevalence, incidence and mortality; the available evidence is insufficient to assess effects of the exposure. Producing estimates of the burden of depression attributable to exposure to long working appears not evidence-based at this point. Instead, studies examining the association between long working hours and risk of depression are needed that address the limitations of the current evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiner Rugulies
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Kathrine Sørensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Cristina Di Tecco
- Inail, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Monte Porzio Catone (Rome), Italy.
| | - Michela Bonafede
- Inail, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Monte Porzio Catone (Rome), Italy.
| | - Bruna M Rondinone
- Inail, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Monte Porzio Catone (Rome), Italy.
| | - Seoyeon Ahn
- National Pension Research Institute, Jeonju-si, Republic of Korea.
| | | | - Jose Luis Ayuso-Mateos
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria Cabello
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain.
| | - Alexis Descatha
- Univ Angers, CHU Angers, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-49000 Angers, France; AP-HP (Paris Hospital), Occupational Health Unit, Poincaré University Hospital, Garches, France; Inserm Versailles St-Quentin Univ - Paris Saclay Univ (UVSQ), UMS 011, UMR-S 1168, Villejuif, France.
| | - Nico Dragano
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Quentin Durand-Moreau
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
| | - Hisashi Eguchi
- Department of Mental Health, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan; Department of Public Health, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Knagawa, Japan.
| | - Junling Gao
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lode Godderis
- Centre for Environment and Health, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KIR Department (Knowledge, Information & Research), IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Jaeyoung Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, United States.
| | - Ida E H Madsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | - Grace Sembajwe
- Department of Occupational Medicine Epidemiology and Prevention, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra University, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, United States; Department of Environmental Occupational and Geospatial Sciences, CUNY Institute for Implementation Science in Public Health, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, United States.
| | | | - Kanami Tsuno
- School of Health Innovation, Kanagawa University of Human Services, Japan.
| | - Yuka Ujita
- Labour Administration, Labour Inspection and Occupational Safety and Health Branch, International Labour Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - JianLi Wang
- Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Amy Zadow
- University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Sergio Iavicoli
- Inail, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Monte Porzio Catone (Rome), Italy.
| | - Frank Pega
- Department of Environment, Climate Change and Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Male long-Evans rats: An outbred model of marked hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal hyperactivity. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 15:100355. [PMID: 34307794 PMCID: PMC8283147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rat and mouse strains differ in behavioral and physiological characteristics, and such differences can contribute to explain discrepant results between laboratories and better select the most appropriate strain for a particular purpose. Differences in the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis are particularly important given the pivotal role of this system in determining consequences of exposure to stressors. In this regard, Long-Evans (LE) rats are widely used in stress research, but there is no specific study aiming at thoroughly characterizing HPA activity in LE versus other extensively used strains. In a first experiment, LE showed higher resting ACTH and corticosterone levels only at certain points of the circadian rhythm, but much greater ACTH responsiveness to stressors (novel environment and forced swim) than Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Accordingly, enhanced corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) expression in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and reduced expression of glucocorticoid receptors were observed in the hippocampal formation. Additionally, they are hyperactive in novel environments, and prone to adopt passive-like behavior when compared to SD rats. Supporting that altered HPA function has a marked physiological impact, we observed in another set of animals much lower thymus weight in LE than SD rats. Finally, to demonstrate that LE rats are likely to have higher HPA responsiveness to stressors than most strains, we studied resting and stress levels of HPA hormones in LE versus Wistar and Fischer rats, the latter considered an example of high HPA responsiveness. Again, LE showed higher resting and stress levels of ACTH than both Wistar and Fischer rats. As ACTH responsiveness to stressors in LE rats is stronger than that previously reported when comparing other rat strains and they are commercially available, they could be an appropriate model for studying the behavioral and physiological implications of a hyper-active HPA axis under normal and pathological conditions. Strain differences in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) function were studied. Long-Evans (LE) rats show greater HPA response to stressors than other strains. CRH expression in critical brain areas is greater in LE than Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Glucocorticoid receptor expression was lower in the hippocampal formation of LE rats. LE rats are more active in novel environments but showed more passive coping.
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Kumari R, Verma V, Kronfeld-Schor N, Singaravel M. Differential response of diurnal and nocturnal mammals to prolonged altered light-dark cycle: a possible role of mood associated endocrine, inflammatory and antioxidant system. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:1618-1630. [PMID: 34128442 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1937200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The circadian system maintains internal 24 h oscillation of behavior and physiology, and its misalignment with external light-dark (LD) cycle results in negative health outcomes. In order to elucidate the effect of prolonged constant condition and the differences in the response between nocturnal and diurnal species, we studied the effects of constant light (LL) and constant darkness (DD) on a diurnal (squirrel) and a nocturnal (mouse) rodent species, focusing on the endocrine, inflammatory and antioxidant systems associated with depression-like behavior. Squirrels and mice (n = 10/group) were placed in chronocubicle under 12:12 h LD cycle, LL and DD. After 4 weeks, animals were subjected to sucrose preference test and blood and brain tissues were collected for measuring melatonin, corticosterone, proinflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and the activity of primary antioxidant enzymes, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The results show that in diurnal squirrels, prolonged constant darkness reduced sucrose preference, CAT, and SOD, increased corticosterone and TNF-α levels, but caused no significant change in the melatonin compared to LD condition. In contrast, in nocturnal mice constant darkness caused no significant changes in sucrose preference and corticosterone levels, increased melatonin, CAT and SOD levels but decreased TNF-α levels. Chronic LL caused a similar response in both squirrels and mice: it decreased sucrose preference, melatonin, CAT and SOD levels but increased corticosterone and TNF-α levels. Together, the study demonstrates differential effects of altered light-dark cycle in a diurnal and a nocturnal rodent on interrelated endocrine, inflammatory and antioxidant systems associated with depression-like behavior, with constant light having adverse effects on both species but constant darkness having a negative effect mainly in the diurnal squirrels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchika Kumari
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vivek Verma
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Noga Kronfeld-Schor
- Ecological and Evolutionary Physiology Laboratory, School of Zoology and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Muniyandi Singaravel
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Liu Y, Niu L, Liu X, Cheng C, Le W. Recent Progress in Non-motor Features of Parkinson's Disease with a Focus on Circadian Rhythm Dysregulation. Neurosci Bull 2021; 37:1010-1024. [PMID: 34128188 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-021-00711-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, which manifests with both motor and non-motor symptoms. Circadian rhythm dysregulation, as one of the most challenging non-motor features of PD, usually appears long before obvious motor symptoms. Moreover, the dysregulated circadian rhythm has recently been reported to play pivotal roles in PD pathogenesis, and it has emerged as a hot topic in PD research. In this review, we briefly introduce the circadian rhythm and circadian rhythm-related genes, and then summarize recent research progress on the altered circadian rhythm in PD, ranging from clinical features to the possible causes of PD-related circadian disorders. We believe that future comprehensive studies on the topic may not only help us to explore the mechanisms of PD, but also shed light on the better management of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Liu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
- Liaoning Provincial Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Long Niu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
- Liaoning Provincial Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Xinyao Liu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
- Liaoning Provincial Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
- Liaoning Provincial Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Weidong Le
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China.
- Liaoning Provincial Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China.
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science-Sichuan Provincial Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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McCullough KM, Missig G, Robbie MA, Foilb AR, Wells AM, Hartmann J, Anderson KJ, Neve RL, Nestler EJ, Ressler KJ, Carlezon WA. Nucleus Accumbens Medium Spiny Neuron Subtypes Differentially Regulate Stress-Associated Alterations in Sleep Architecture. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 89:1138-1149. [PMID: 33715826 PMCID: PMC8178228 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress is implicated in the pathophysiology of major depression and posttraumatic stress disorder. These conditions share core features, including motivational deficits, heighted anxiety, and sleep dysregulation. Chronic stress produces these same features in rodents, with some individuals being susceptible or resilient, as seen in humans. While stress-induced neuroadaptations within the nucleus accumbens are implicated in susceptibility-related dysregulation of motivational and emotional behaviors, their effects on sleep are unclear. METHODS We used chemogenetics (DREADDs [designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs]) to examine the effects of selective alterations in activity of nucleus accumbens medium spiny neurons expressing dopamine D1 receptors (D1-MSNs) or dopamine D2 receptors (D2-MSNs) on sleep-related end points. Mice were implanted with wireless transmitters enabling continuous collection of data to quantify vigilance states over a 20-day test period. Parallel cohorts were examined in behavioral tests assessing stress susceptibility. RESULTS D1- and D2-MSNs play dissociable roles in sleep regulation. Stimulation of inhibitory or excitatory DREADDs expressed in D1-MSNs exclusively affects rapid eye movement sleep, whereas targeting D2-MSNs affects slow wave sleep. The combined effects of D1-MSN inhibition and D2-MSN activation on sleep resemble those of chronic social defeat stress. Alterations in D1-MSN function also affect stress susceptibility in social behavior tests. Elevation of CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein) within D1-MSNs is sufficient to produce stress-like effects on rapid eye movement sleep. CONCLUSIONS In addition to regulation of motivational and emotional behaviors, the nucleus accumbens also influences sleep, an end point with high translational relevance. These findings provide a neural basis for comorbidity in key features of stress-related illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth M. McCullough
- Basic Neuroscience Division, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Galen Missig
- Basic Neuroscience Division, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Mykel A. Robbie
- Basic Neuroscience Division, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Allison R. Foilb
- Basic Neuroscience Division, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Audrey M. Wells
- Basic Neuroscience Division, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Jakob Hartmann
- Basic Neuroscience Division, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Kasey J. Anderson
- Basic Neuroscience Division, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Rachael L. Neve
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Eric J. Nestler
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kerry J. Ressler
- Basic Neuroscience Division, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - William A. Carlezon
- Basic Neuroscience Division, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA,Corresponding Author: William A. Carlezon, Jr., Ph.D., Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA,
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Xing C, Zhou Y, Xu H, Ding M, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Hu M, Huang X, Song L. Sleep disturbance induces depressive behaviors and neuroinflammation by altering the circadian oscillations of clock genes in rats. Neurosci Res 2021; 171:124-132. [PMID: 33785408 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Sleep loss leads to a spectrum of mood disorders such as anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder and depression in many individuals. However, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study, sleep-disturbed animals were tested for anxiety and depressive behaviors. We then studied the effects of SD on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function by measuring serum and CSF levels of corticosterone (CORT), and at the end of the experiment, brains were collected to measure the circadian oscillations of clock genes expression in the hypothalamus, glial cell activation and inflammatory cytokine alterations. Our results indicated that SD for 3 days resulted in anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors. SD exaggerated cortisol response to HPA axis, significantly altered the circadian oscillations of clock genes, decreased the expression of tight junction protein ZO-1 and Claudin 5 and increased the number of GFAP-positive cells and Iba-1-positive cells and caused subsequent elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β and TNFα. These findings demonstrated that SD for 3 days induced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in rats in company with altering the circadian oscillations of clock genes and inducing neuroinflammation, indicating the underlying mechanism of sleep loss induced neuronal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xing
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yanzhao Zhou
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Huan Xu
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Mengnan Ding
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Meiru Hu
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Lun Song
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China.
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Liu H, Li D, Zhao X, Fang B, Zhang Q, Li T. Longitudinal Impact of Frailty States and Sleep Duration on Subsequent Depressive Symptoms of Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2021; 69:1003-1011. [PMID: 33533055 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.16999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of baseline and changes in frailty states on subsequent depressive symptoms, and whether sleep duration would modify these effects. DESIGN Prospective, cohort study. SETTING The 2011 baseline and 2013 follow-up waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). PARTICIPANTS Community-dwelling old adults who were aged 60 or above at baseline and participated in the 2011 and 2013 waves of the CHARLS (N = 5,026). MEASUREMENTS Frailty was measured using the physical frailty phenotype (PFP) scale. Levels of depressive symptoms were measured by the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Using the generalized estimating equations (GEE), the effects of baseline and transitions in frailty states were examined on subsequent depressive symptoms, adjusting for a range of confounding variables. RESULTS Baseline prefrail (b = 0.97, P < .05) and frail states (b = 0.35, P < .05) were associated with higher subsequent level of depressive symptoms 2 years later. Within individuals who were robust at baseline, transitioning into prefrail/frail (b = 3.04, P < .001) was associated with a higher subsequent level of depressive symptoms, and this association was accelerated by short sleep duration. Within individuals who were prefrail at baseline, transitioning into frail (b = 1.76, P < .001) was associated with higher subsequent levels of depressive symptoms, and this association was stronger among those who reported short sleep duration. CONCLUSION Baseline and transitions in frailty states were significantly related with higher subsequent levels of subsequent depressive symptoms. Short sleep duration significantly moderated the effects of baseline or transitions of frailty on subsequent depressive symptoms. Targeted interventions could be implemented to improve sleep quality for prefrail and frail older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Liu
- Department of Sociology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Danyu Li
- Social Survey and Opinion Research Centre, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinyi Zhao
- School of Health Humanities, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Boye Fang
- School of Sociology & Anthropology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingyu Li
- Social Survey and Opinion Research Centre, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Tchekalarova J, Atanasova M, Ivanova N, Boyadjiev N, Mitreva R, Georgieva K. Endurance training exerts time-dependent modulation on depressive responses and circadian rhythms of corticosterone and BDNF in the rats with pinealectomy. Brain Res Bull 2020; 162:40-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Porcu A, Vaughan M, Nilsson A, Arimoto N, Lamia K, Welsh DK. Vulnerability to helpless behavior is regulated by the circadian clock component CRYPTOCHROME in the mouse nucleus accumbens. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:13771-13782. [PMID: 32487727 PMCID: PMC7306774 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2000258117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleus accumbens (NAc), a central component of the midbrain dopamine reward circuit, exhibits disturbed circadian rhythms in the postmortem brains of depressed patients. We hypothesized that normal mood regulation requires proper circadian timing in the NAc, and that mood disorders are associated with dysfunctions of the NAc cellular circadian clock. In mice exhibiting stress-induced depression-like behavior (helplessness), we found altered circadian clock function and high nighttime expression of the core circadian clock component CRYPTOCHROME (CRY) in the NAc. In the NAc of helpless mice, we found that higher expression of CRY is associated with decreased activation of dopamine 1 receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons (D1R-MSNs). Furthermore, D1R-MSN-specific CRY-knockdown in the NAc reduced susceptibility to stress-induced helplessness and increased NAc neuronal activation at night. Finally, we show that CRY inhibits D1R-induced G protein activation, likely by interacting with the Gs protein. Altered circadian rhythms and CRY expression were also observed in human fibroblasts from major depressive disorder patients. Our data reveal a causal role for CRY in regulating the midbrain dopamine reward system, and provide a mechanistic link between the NAc circadian clock and vulnerability to depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Porcu
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161;
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Center for Circadian Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Megan Vaughan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Anna Nilsson
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Center for Circadian Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Natsuko Arimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Center for Circadian Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Katja Lamia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - David K Welsh
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Center for Circadian Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
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Mei G, Xu W, Li L, Zhao Z, Li H, Liu W, Jiao Y. The Role of Campus Data in Representing Depression Among College Students: Exploratory Research. JMIR Ment Health 2020; 7:e12503. [PMID: 32012070 PMCID: PMC7011126 DOI: 10.2196/12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a predominant feature of many psychological problems leading to extreme behaviors and, in some cases, suicide. Campus information systems keep detailed and reliable student behavioral data; however, whether these data can reflect depression and we know the differences in behavior between depressive and nondepressive students are still research problems. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this paper is to investigate the behavioral patterns of depressed students by using multisource campus data and exploring the link between behavioral preferences and depressive symptoms. The campus data described in this paper include basic personal information, academic performance, poverty subsidy, consumption habit, daily routine, library behavior, and meal habit, totaling 121 features. METHODS To identify potentially depressive students, we developed an online questionnaire system based on a standard psychometric instrument, the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). To explore the differences in behavior of depressive and nondepressive students, the Mann-Whitney U test was applied. In order to investigate the behavioral features of different depressive symptoms, factor analysis was used to divide the questionnaire items into different symptom groups and then correlation analysis was employed to study the extrinsic characteristics of each depressive symptom. RESULTS The correlation between these factors and the features were computed. The results indicated that there were 25 features correlated with either 4 factors or SDS score. The statistical results indicated that depressive students were more likely to fail exams, have poor meal habits, have increased night activities and decreased morning activities, and engage less in social activities (eg, avoiding meal times with friends). Correlation analysis showed that the somatic factor 2 (F4) was negatively correlated with the number of library visits (r=-.179, P<.001), and, compared with other factors, had the greatest impact on students' daily schedule, eating and social habits. The biggest influencing factor to poor academic performance was cognitive factor F1, and its score was found to be significantly positively correlated with fail rate (r=.185, P=.02). CONCLUSIONS The results presented in this study indicate that campus data can reflect depression and its symptoms. By collecting a large amount of questionnaire data and combining machine learning algorithms, it is possible to realize an identification method of depression and depressive symptoms based on campus data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Mei
- Department of Control Science and Engineering, College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weisheng Xu
- Informatization Office, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Control Science and Engineering, College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Department of Control Science and Engineering, College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Control Science and Engineering, College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqing Liu
- Department of Control Science and Engineering, College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueming Jiao
- Department of Control Science and Engineering, College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Carissimi A, A. B. Oliveira M, Frey BN, Navarro JF, Hidalgo MP, Adan A. Validation and psychometric properties of the Spanish Mood Rhythm Instrument. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2019.1675023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Carissimi
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento – Faculdade de Medicina, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Melissa A. B. Oliveira
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento – Faculdade de Medicina, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Benicio N. Frey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Mood Disorders Program and Women’s Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph’s Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Maria Paz Hidalgo
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento – Faculdade de Medicina, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Ana Adan
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, School of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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31
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Molcan L, Sutovska H, Okuliarova M, Senko T, Krskova L, Zeman M. Dim light at night attenuates circadian rhythms in the cardiovascular system and suppresses melatonin in rats. Life Sci 2019; 231:116568. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Zimmet P, Alberti KGMM, Stern N, Bilu C, El‐Osta A, Einat H, Kronfeld‐Schor N. The Circadian Syndrome: is the Metabolic Syndrome and much more! J Intern Med 2019; 286:181-191. [PMID: 31081577 PMCID: PMC6851668 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Metabolic Syndrome is a cluster of cardio-metabolic risk factors and comorbidities conveying high risk of both cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. It is responsible for huge socio-economic costs with its resulting morbidity and mortality in most countries. The underlying aetiology of this clustering has been the subject of much debate. More recently, significant interest has focussed on the involvement of the circadian system, a major regulator of almost every aspect of human health and metabolism. The Circadian Syndrome has now been implicated in several chronic diseases including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. There is now increasing evidence connecting disturbances in circadian rhythm with not only the key components of the Metabolic Syndrome but also its main comorbidities including sleep disturbances, depression, steatohepatitis and cognitive dysfunction. Based on this, we now propose that circadian disruption may be an important underlying aetiological factor for the Metabolic Syndrome and we suggest that it be renamed the 'Circadian Syndrome'. With the increased recognition of the 'Circadian Syndrome', circadian medicine, through the timing of exercise, light exposure, food consumption, dispensing of medications and sleep, is likely to play a much greater role in the maintenance of both individual and population health in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Zimmet
- Department of DiabetesCentral Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVic.Australia
- Sagol Center for Epigenetics and MetabolismTel Aviv Medical CenterTel AvivIsrael
| | | | - N. Stern
- Sagol Center for Epigenetics and MetabolismTel Aviv Medical CenterTel AvivIsrael
| | - C. Bilu
- School of ZoologyTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - A. El‐Osta
- Department of DiabetesCentral Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVic.Australia
- Department of PathologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVic.Australia
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and ObesityPrince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - H. Einat
- School of Behavioral SciencesTel Aviv‐Yaffo Academic CollegeTel AvivIsrael
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Circadian Rhythms in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Recent Findings and Recommendations for Future Research. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2019; 21:54. [PMID: 31165330 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-019-1033-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Circadian rhythms are a topic of growing interest in mental health, particularly in obsessive-compulsive disorder. However, the consistency of this link has not been carefully examined. Thus, the present review integrates findings from the past 5 years in order to determine the strength of such a relationship and identify areas for clarification and extension. RECENT FINDINGS Findings revealed inconsistent evidence for a link between circadian rhythms and OCD. Chronotype is unrelated to OCD symptoms in adolescents but predicts OCD symptoms in adults. Results on delayed sleep timing are equivocal. Circadian rhythm disorders predict OCD treatment outcome. Preliminary evidence implicates decreased light exposure and diurnal symptom variability in OCD. The relationship between circadian rhythms and OCD may vary by age, diagnostic status, and assessment method. Recent findings are limited by an overreliance on convenience samples and singular self-report methods. Recommendations for future research on the role of circadian rhythms in OCD are discussed.
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Vornholt E, Luo D, Qiu W, McMichael GO, Liu Y, Gillespie N, Ma C, Vladimirov VI. Postmortem brain tissue as an underutilized resource to study the molecular pathology of neuropsychiatric disorders across different ethnic populations. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 102:195-207. [PMID: 31028758 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, large scale meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have reliably identified genetic polymorphisms associated with neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BPD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the majority of disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) appear within functionally ambiguous non-coding genomic regions. Recently, increased emphasis has been placed on identifying the functional relevance of disease-associated variants via correlating risk polymorphisms with gene expression levels in etiologically relevant tissues. For neuropsychiatric disorders, the etiologically relevant tissue is brain, which requires robust postmortem sample sizes from varying genetic backgrounds. While small sample sizes are of decreasing concern, postmortem brain databases are composed almost exclusively of Caucasian samples, which significantly limits study design and result interpretation. In this review, we highlight the importance of gene expression and expression quantitative loci (eQTL) studies in clinically relevant postmortem tissue while addressing the current limitations of existing postmortem brain databases. Finally, we introduce future collaborations to develop postmortem brain databases for neuropsychiatric disorders from Chinese and Asian subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Vornholt
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E. Leigh St., Biotech One, Suite 100, Richmond, VA 23219, USA.
| | - Dan Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Wenying Qiu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 100005, China
| | - Gowon O McMichael
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E. Leigh St., Biotech One, Suite 100, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
| | - Yangyang Liu
- School of Education, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Nathan Gillespie
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E. Leigh St., Biotech One, Suite 100, Richmond, VA 23219, USA; Department Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1200 East Broad Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Chao Ma
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 100005, China; Joint Laboratory of Anesthesia and Pain, Peking Union Medical College. Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Vladimir I Vladimirov
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E. Leigh St., Biotech One, Suite 100, Richmond, VA 23219, USA; Department Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1200 East Broad Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Center for Biomarker Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, 410 North 12th Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 East Marshall Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University, 855 North Wolfe Street, Suite 300, 3rd Floor, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Rugulies R, Ando E, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Bonafede M, Cabello M, Di Tecco C, Dragano N, Durand-Moreau Q, Eguchi H, Gao J, Garde AH, Iavicoli S, Ivanov ID, Leppink N, Madsen IEH, Pega F, Prüss-Üstün AM, Rondinone BM, Sørensen K, Tsuno K, Ujita Y, Zadow A. WHO/ILO work-related burden of disease and injury: Protocol for systematic reviews of exposure to long working hours and of the effect of exposure to long working hours on depression. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 125:515-528. [PMID: 30737040 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Labour Organization (ILO) are developing a joint methodology for estimating the national and global work-related burden of disease and injury (WHO/ILO joint methodology), with contributions from a large network of experts. In this paper, we present the protocol for two systematic reviews of parameters for estimating the number of deaths and disability-adjusted life years from depression attributable to exposure to long working hours, to inform the development of the WHO/ILO joint methodology. OBJECTIVES We aim to systematically review studies on occupational exposure to long working hours (Systematic Review 1) and systematically review and meta-analyse estimates of the effect of long working hours on depression (Systematic Review 2), applying the Navigation Guide systematic review methodology as an organizing framework, conducting both systematic reviews in tandem and in a harmonized way. DATA SOURCES Separately for Systematic Reviews 1 and 2, we will search electronic academic databases for potentially relevant records from published and unpublished studies, including Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, CISDOC and PsycINFO. We will also search electronic grey literature databases, Internet search engines and organizational websites; hand search reference list of previous systematic reviews and included study records; and consult additional experts. STUDY ELIGIBILITY AND CRITERIA We will include working-age (≥15 years) participants in the formal and informal economy in any WHO and/or ILO Member State, but exclude child workers (<15 years) and unpaid domestic workers. For Systematic Review 1, we will include quantitative prevalence studies of relevant levels of occupational exposure to long working hours (i.e. 35-40, 41-48, 49-54 and ≥55 h/week) stratified by country, sex, age and industrial sector or occupation, in the years 2005-2018. For Systematic Review 2, we will include randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control studies and other non-randomized intervention studies with an estimate of the relative effect of relevant level(s) of long working hours on the incidence of or mortality due to depression, compared with the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (i.e. 35-40 h/week). STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS At least two review authors will independently screen titles and abstracts against the eligibility criteria at a first stage and full texts of potentially eligible records at a second stage, followed by extraction of data from qualifying studies. At least two review authors will assess risk of bias and the quality of evidence, using the most suited tools currently available. For Systematic Review 2, if feasible, we will combine relative risks using meta-analysis. We will report results using the guidelines for accurate and transparent health estimates reporting (GATHER) for Systematic Review 1 and the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines (PRISMA) for Systematic Review 2. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42018085729.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiner Rugulies
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | - Jose Luis Ayuso-Mateos
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Michela Bonafede
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL, Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Cabello
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Cristina Di Tecco
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL, Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, Italy.
| | - Nico Dragano
- Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Quentin Durand-Moreau
- Occupational Diseases Center, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France; LABERS EA 3149, University of Brest, Brest, France.
| | - Hisashi Eguchi
- Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Junling Gao
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Anne H Garde
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Sergio Iavicoli
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL, Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, Italy.
| | - Ivan D Ivanov
- Department of Public Health, Environmental and Social Determinants of Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Nancy Leppink
- Labour Administration, Labour Inspection and Occupational Safety and Health Branch, International Labour Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Ida E H Madsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Frank Pega
- Department of Public Health, Environmental and Social Determinants of Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Annette M Prüss-Üstün
- Department of Public Health, Environmental and Social Determinants of Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Bruna M Rondinone
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL, Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, Italy.
| | - Kathrine Sørensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Kanami Tsuno
- Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama-shi, Wakayama, Japan.
| | - Yuka Ujita
- Labour Administration, Labour Inspection and Occupational Safety and Health Branch, International Labour Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Amy Zadow
- University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
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Villas Boas GR, Boerngen de Lacerda R, Paes MM, Gubert P, Almeida WLDC, Rescia VC, de Carvalho PMG, de Carvalho AAV, Oesterreich SA. Molecular aspects of depression: A review from neurobiology to treatment. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 851:99-121. [PMID: 30776369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD), also known as unipolar depression, is one of the leading causes of disability and disease worldwide. The signs and symptoms are low self‑esteem, anhedonia, feeling of worthlessness, sense of rejection and guilt, suicidal thoughts, among others. This review focuses on studies with molecular-based approaches involving MDD to obtain an integrated, more detailed and comprehensive view of the brain changes produced by this disorder and its treatment and how the Central Nervous System (CNS) produces neuroplasticity to orchestrate adaptive defensive behaviors. This article integrates affective neuroscience, psychopharmacology, neuroanatomy and molecular biology data. In addition, there are two problems with current MDD treatments, namely: 1) Low rates of responsiveness to antidepressants and too slow onset of therapeutic effect; 2) Increased stress vulnerability and autonomy, which reduces the responses of currently available treatments. In the present review, we encourage the prospection of new bioactive agents for the development of treatments with post-transduction mechanisms, neurogenesis and pharmacogenetics inducers that bring greater benefits, with reduced risks and maximized access to patients, stimulating the field of research on mood disorders in order to use the potential of preclinical studies. For this purpose, improved animal models that incorporate the molecular and anatomical tools currently available can be applied. Besides, we encourage the study of drugs that do not present "classical application" as antidepressants, (e.g., the dissociative anesthetic ketamine and dextromethorphan) and drugs that have dual action mechanisms since they represent potential targets for novel drug development more useful for the treatment of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Roberto Villas Boas
- Research Group on Development of Pharmaceutical Products (P&DProFar), Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia, Rua Bertioga, 892, Morada Nobre II, CEP 47810-059, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil; Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados Rodovia Dourados, Itahum Km 12, Cidade Universitaria, Caixa. postal 364, CEP 79804-970, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Roseli Boerngen de Lacerda
- Department of Pharmacology of the Biological Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraná, Jardim das Américas, Caixa. postal 19031, CEP 81531-990, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Marina Meirelles Paes
- Research Group on Development of Pharmaceutical Products (P&DProFar), Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia, Rua Bertioga, 892, Morada Nobre II, CEP 47810-059, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Priscila Gubert
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia, Rua Bertioga, 892, Morada Nobre II, CEP 47810-059, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Wagner Luis da Cruz Almeida
- Research Group on Development of Pharmaceutical Products (P&DProFar), Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia, Rua Bertioga, 892, Morada Nobre II, CEP 47810-059, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa Cristina Rescia
- Research Group on Development of Pharmaceutical Products (P&DProFar), Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia, Rua Bertioga, 892, Morada Nobre II, CEP 47810-059, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Pablinny Moreira Galdino de Carvalho
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia, Rua Bertioga, 892, Morada Nobre II, CEP 47810-059, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Adryano Augustto Valladao de Carvalho
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia, Rua Bertioga, 892, Morada Nobre II, CEP 47810-059, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Silvia Aparecida Oesterreich
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados Rodovia Dourados, Itahum Km 12, Cidade Universitaria, Caixa. postal 364, CEP 79804-970, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
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Rieke L, Fels M, Schubert R, Habbel B, Matheis T, Schuldenzucker V, Kemper N, Reilmann R. Activity Behaviour of Minipigs Transgenic for the Huntington Gene. J Huntingtons Dis 2019; 8:23-31. [PMID: 30689591 DOI: 10.3233/jhd-180325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To increase the reliability of translating preclinical findings to humans, large animal models, such as the transgenic (tg) Libechov minipig, were established. As minipigs possess high genetic homology with humans and have similarities in anatomy, physiology and metabolism to humans, they are considered for studying neurodegenerative diseases longitudinally. Recently, sleep abnormalities and changes in circadian rhythm in Huntington's disease (HD) patients were acknowledged to present one of the early symptoms in HD. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to explore the activity behaviour of Libechov minipigs and to investigate whether tgHD and wildtype (wt) minipigs exhibit differences in activity behaviour. Furthermore, it was investigated whether activity assessments may serve as reliable endpoints for phenotyping minipigs transgenic for the Huntington gene. METHODS Activity behaviour of minipigs was studied by video recording the stables twice a week over a total study period of five weeks for a cohort of five tgHD minipigs and five wt minipigs. Statistical analysis was performed using the linear mixed model. Once a week, the distances covered by two minipigs in focus (tgHD, wt) were measured using the VideoMotionTracker® software. RESULTS Libechov minipigs showed a biphasic pattern of activity, spending most of the time inactive or grubbing in litter. Differences in activity behaviour (rooting, resting and standing) were detected between wt and tgHD minipigs. The influence of the genotype on behavioural patterns was observed during circadian monitoring. TgHD minipigs covered longer distances on average and during every 24 h observation period than wt minipigs. CONCLUSION Activity behaviour may be a viable marker for phenotyping minipigs transgenic for the Huntington gene. Video recordings of behavioural patterns provide a non-invasive opportunity to capture potential disease signs. Phenotypic progression including the age of disease manifestation may be explored by documentation of circadian characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Rieke
- George-Huntington-Institute, Technology Park Muenster, Muenster, Germany.,Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behaviour, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michaela Fels
- Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behaviour, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Robin Schubert
- George-Huntington-Institute, Technology Park Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Benjamin Habbel
- George-Huntington-Institute, Technology Park Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Tamara Matheis
- George-Huntington-Institute, Technology Park Muenster, Muenster, Germany.,Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behaviour, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Nicole Kemper
- Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behaviour, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ralf Reilmann
- George-Huntington-Institute, Technology Park Muenster, Muenster, Germany.,Department of Radiology, Universitaetsklinikum Muenster, Muenster, Germany.,Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Ma L, Shen Q, Yang S, Xie X, Xiao Q, Yu C, Cao L, Fu Z. Effect of chronic corticosterone-induced depression on circadian rhythms and age-related phenotypes in mice. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:1236-1246. [PMID: 30395149 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Disrupted circadian rhythms are a recognized effect of depression, and our previous article demonstrated an association between depression and premature aging, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. In the present study, we used a mouse model of chronic corticosterone (CORT)-treated depression to elucidate a mechanism by which depression may be associated with the circadian clock and mediate age-related phenotypes. Mice received a daily injection of 20 mg/kg CORT for 21 consecutive days, and the depression-like behaviors of mice were identified by the sucrose intake test, tail suspension test and open field test. Our findings indicated that CORT injection may be correlated with the circadian clock by impairing circadian rhythms or shifting the phase values of clock genes. We also showed that CORT-treated mice exhibited a significant gradual reduction in body weight gain with increased oxidative stress, including reduced activity of antioxidant-related enzymes, reduced glutathione:glutathione disulfide ratio and cytochrome (Cyt)-C level, and elevated reactive oxygen species content. Moreover, chronic CORT injection affected inflammatory responses, the production of mitochondrial ATP and telomere shortening, which may be associated with the Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) signaling pathway. Additionally, chronic CORT injection disrupted the circadian rhythms of some indexes of aging phenotypes and altered the phase values of these indexes. Our findings suggest that psychologically stressful conditions such as depression are linked to changes in circadian rhythms and age-related phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Ma
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qichen Shen
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Song Yang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxian Xie
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingfeng Xiao
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuanan Yu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lisha Cao
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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Abstract
Disruption of circadian clocks is strongly associated with mood disorders. Chronotherapies targeting circadian rhythms have been shown to be very effective treatments of mood disorders, but still are not widely used in clinical practice. The mechanisms by which circadian disruption leads to mood disorders are poorly characterized and, therefore, may not convince clinicians to apply chronotherapies. Hence, in this review, we describe specific potential mechanisms, in order to make this connection more credible to clinicians. We believe that four major features of disrupted clocks may contribute to the development of mood disorders: (1) loss of synchronization to environmental 24-h rhythms, (2) internal desynchronization among body clocks, (3) low rhythm amplitude, and (4) changes in sleep architecture. Discussing these attributes and giving plausible examples, we will discuss prospects for relatively simple chronotherapies addressing these features that are easy to implement in clinical practice. Key messages In this review, we describe specific potential mechanisms by which disrupted clocks may contribute to the development of mood disorders: (1) loss of synchronization to environmental 24-h rhythms, (2) internal desynchronization among body clocks, (3) low rhythm amplitude, and (4) changes in sleep architecture. We provide prospects for relatively simple chronotherapies addressing these features that are easy to implement in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisja Hühne
- a Circadian Biology Group, Department of Psychiatry , Ludwig Maximilian University , Munich , Germany
| | - David K Welsh
- b Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System , San Diego , CA , USA.,c Department of Psychiatry & Center for Circadian Biology , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - Dominic Landgraf
- a Circadian Biology Group, Department of Psychiatry , Ludwig Maximilian University , Munich , Germany
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Individual responses of rodents in modelling of affective disorders and in their treatment: prospective review. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2018; 30:323-333. [PMID: 29909818 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2018.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
IntroductionLack of good animal models for affective disorders, including major depression and bipolar disorder, is noted as a major bottleneck in attempts to study these disorders and develop better treatments. We suggest that an important approach that can help in the development and use of better models is attention to variability between model animals. RESULTS: Differences between mice strains were studied for some decades now, and sex differences get more attention than in the past. It is suggested that one factor that is mostly neglected, individual variability within groups, should get much more attention. The importance of individual differences in behavioral biology and ecology was repeatedly mentioned but its application to models of affective illness or to the study of drug response was not heavily studied. The standard approach is to overcome variability by standardization and by increasing the number of animals per group. CONCLUSIONS: Possibly, the individuality of specific animals and their unique responses to a variety of stimuli and drugs, can be helpful in deciphering the underlying biology of affective behaviors as well as offer better prediction of drug responses in patients.
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Pereira-Morales AJ, Casiraghi LP, Adan A, Camargo A. Mood rhythmicity is associated with depressive symptoms and caffeinated drinks consumption in South American young adults. Chronobiol Int 2018; 36:225-236. [PMID: 30395732 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2018.1530257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Among the factors that contribute to the onset and maintenance of depressive disorders, rhythmicity of symptoms and consumption of caffeine have recently gained attention. The current study aimed to examine the differential rhythmicity of relevant variables in a sample of young participants, considering the presence of depressive symptomatology and the frequency of caffeinated drinks consumption. A significant 24-hour differential rhythmicity of mood, cognitive and physiological variables was found indicating an evening peak pattern in the participants with depressive symptoms. Interestingly, caffeinated drinks consumption was differentially associated with self-perceived peaks, according to the presence of depressive symptomatology. Our findings are among the first reports about the potential association of the 24-hours rhythmicity of relevant mood-related variables, depressive symptoms, and caffeine intake. These results support the view that the identification of risk factors for depression, and the application of novel measurements and analysis methods in the development of new preventive strategies should be a public health priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela J Pereira-Morales
- a PhD Program in Public Health, School of Medicine , Universidad Nacional de Colombia , Bogotá , Colombia
| | | | - Ana Adan
- c Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, School of Psychology , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.,e Institute of Neurosciences , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Andrés Camargo
- d School of Medicine , Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales. U.D.C.A , Bogotá , Colombia
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42
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Zhao C, Gammie SC. The circadian gene Nr1d1 in the mouse nucleus accumbens modulates sociability and anxiety-related behaviour. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 48:1924-1943. [PMID: 30028550 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group D, member 1 (Nr1d1) (also known as Rev-erb alpha) has been linked to circadian rhythm regulation, mood-related behaviour and disorders associated with social deficits. Recent work from our laboratory found striking decreases in Nr1d1 in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in the maternal condition and indirect evidence that Nr1d1 was interacting with numerous addiction and reward-related genes to modulate social reward. In this study, we applied our insights from the maternal state to nonparental adult mice to determine whether decreases in Nr1d1 expression in the NAc via adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors and short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated gene knockdown were sufficient to modulate social behaviours and mood-related behaviours. Knockdown of Nr1d1 in the NAc enhanced sociability and reduced anxiety, but did not affect depressive-like traits in female mice. In male mice, Nr1d1 knockdown had no significant behavioural effects. Microarray analysis of Nr1d1 knockdown in females identified changes in circadian rhythm and histone deacetylase genes and suggested possible drugs, including histone deacetylase inhibitors, that could mimic actions of Nr1d1 knockdown. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis confirmed expression upregulation of gene period circadian clock 1 (Per1) and period circadian clock 2 (Per2) with Nr1d1 knockdown. The evidence for roles for opioid-related genes opioid receptor, delta 1 (Oprd1) and preproenkephalin (Penk) was also found. Together, these results suggest that Nr1d1 in the NAc modulates sociability and anxiety-related behaviour in a sex-specific manner, and circadian, histone deacetylase and opioid-related genes may be involved in the expression of these behavioural phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjiu Zhao
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Stephen C Gammie
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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Sulli G, Manoogian ENC, Taub PR, Panda S. Training the Circadian Clock, Clocking the Drugs, and Drugging the Clock to Prevent, Manage, and Treat Chronic Diseases. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2018; 39:812-827. [PMID: 30060890 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Daily rhythms in behavior, physiology, and metabolism are an integral part of homeostasis. These rhythms emerge from interactions between endogenous circadian clocks and ambient light-dark cycles, sleep-activity cycles, and eating-fasting cycles. Nearly the entire primate genome shows daily rhythms in expression in tissue- and locus-specific manners. These molecular rhythms modulate several key aspects of cellular and tissue function with profound implications in public health, disease prevention, and disease management. In modern societies light at night disrupts circadian rhythms, leading to further disruption of sleep-activity and eating-fasting cycles. While acute circadian disruption may cause transient discomfort or exacerbate chronic diseases, chronic circadian disruption can enhance risks for numerous diseases. The molecular understanding of circadian rhythms is opening new therapeutic frontiers placing the circadian clock in a central role. Here, we review recent advancements on how to enhance our circadian clock through behavioral interventions, timing of drug administration, and pharmacological targeting of circadian clock components that are already providing new preventive and therapeutic strategies for several diseases, including metabolic syndrome and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Sulli
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Pam R Taub
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
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Tchekalarova J, Stoynova T, Ilieva K, Mitreva R, Atanasova M. Agomelatine treatment corrects symptoms of depression and anxiety by restoring the disrupted melatonin circadian rhythms of rats exposed to chronic constant light. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2018; 171:1-9. [PMID: 29807067 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Desynchronization of circadian rhythms is a hallmark of depression. The antidepressant agomelatine, which is an MT1/MT2 melatonin receptor agonist/5-HT2C serotonin receptor antagonist has advantages compared to the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors as a circadian phase-shifting agent. The present study was designed to explore whether agomelatine is able to have an antidepressant effect on rats exposed to chronic constant light (CCL) for 6 weeks. Focus is also placed on whether this activity affects diurnal rhythms of depressive-like symptoms and is associated with restoration of impaired circadian rhythms in plasma melatonin and corticosterone. We report that CCL induced a depressive-like symptoms associated with decreased grooming in the splash test during the subjective light/inactive phase. Anhedonia-like deficit in the saccharine preference test and increased immobility in the forced swimming test were both detected during the subjective dark/active phase. The disturbed emotional fluctuations due to CCL were corrected by agomelatine treatment (40 mg/kg, i.p. for 3 weeks). Agomelatine also restored novelty-induced hypophagia, which reflects an anxiety state, during the subjective Light and Dark phase, respectively, in rats exposed to CCL. Parallel to the observed positive influence on behavior, this melatonin analogue restored impaired circadian patterns of plasma melatonin but not that of corticosterone. These findings demonstrated the antidepressant-like effect of agomelatine in rats exposed to CCL possibly exerted via correction of melatonin rhythms and are suggestive of the therapeutic potential of this drug in a subpopulation of people characterized by a melatonin deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Tchekalarova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria.
| | - Tzveta Stoynova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Kalina Ilieva
- Department of Biology, Medical University of Pleven, Pleven 5800, Bulgaria
| | - Rumyana Mitreva
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Milena Atanasova
- Department of Biology, Medical University of Pleven, Pleven 5800, Bulgaria
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45
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Schuch JB, Genro JP, Bastos CR, Ghisleni G, Tovo-Rodrigues L. The role of CLOCK gene in psychiatric disorders: Evidence from human and animal research. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2018; 177:181-198. [PMID: 28902457 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock system drives daily rhythms in physiology, metabolism, and behavior in mammals. Molecular mechanisms of this system consist of multiple clock genes, with Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput (CLOCK) as a core member that plays an important role in a wide range of behaviors. Alterations in the CLOCK gene are associated with common psychiatric disorders as well as with circadian disturbances comorbidities. This review addresses animal, molecular, and genetic studies evaluating the role of the CLOCK gene on many psychiatric conditions, namely autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorder, and substance use disorder. Many animal experiments focusing on the effects of the Clock gene in behavior related to psychiatric conditions have shown consistent biological plausibility and promising findings. In humans, genetic and gene expression studies regarding disorder susceptibility, sleep disturbances related comorbidities, and response to pharmacological treatment, in general, are in agreement with animal studies. However, the number of controversial results is high. Literature suggests that the CLOCK gene exerts important influence on these conditions, and influences the susceptibility to phenotypes of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline B Schuch
- Laboratory of Immunosenescence, Graduate Program in Biomedical Gerontology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Julia P Genro
- Graduate Program in Bioscience, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Clarissa R Bastos
- Laboratory of Clinical Neuroscience, Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gabriele Ghisleni
- Laboratory of Clinical Neuroscience, Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luciana Tovo-Rodrigues
- Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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46
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Schindler EAD, Wallace RM, Sloshower JA, D'Souza DC. Neuroendocrine Associations Underlying the Persistent Therapeutic Effects of Classic Serotonergic Psychedelics. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:177. [PMID: 29545753 PMCID: PMC5838010 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports on the effects of psychedelic-assisted therapies for mood disorders and addiction, as well as the effects of psychedelics in the treatment of cluster headache, have demonstrated promising therapeutic results. In addition, the beneficial effects appear to persist well after limited exposure to the drugs, making them particularly appealing as treatments for chronic neuropsychiatric and headache disorders. Understanding the basis of the long-lasting effects, however, will be critical for the continued use and development of this drug class. Several mechanisms, including biological and psychological ones, have been suggested to explain the long-lasting effects of psychedelics. Actions on the neuroendocrine system are some such mechanisms that warrant further investigation in the study of persisting psychedelic effects. In this report, we review certain structural and functional neuroendocrinological pathologies associated with neuropsychiatric disorders and cluster headache. We then review the effects that psychedelic drugs have on those systems and provide preliminary support for potential long-term effects. The circadian biology of cluster headache is of particular relevance in this area. We also discuss methodologic considerations for future investigations of neuroendocrine system involvement in the therapeutic benefits of psychedelic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle A D Schindler
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Neurology, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
| | - Ryan M Wallace
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jordan A Sloshower
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
| | - Deepak C D'Souza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
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47
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Stagl M, Bozsik M, Karow C, Wertz D, Kloehn I, Pillai S, Gasser PJ, Gilmartin MR, Evans JA. Chronic stress alters adrenal clock function in a sexually dimorphic manner. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 60:55-69. [PMID: 29378866 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid production is gated at the molecular level by the circadian clock in the adrenal gland. Stress influences daily rhythms in behavior and physiology, but it remains unclear how stress affects the function of the adrenal clock itself. Here, we examine the influence of stress on adrenal clock function by tracking PERIOD2::LUCIFERASE (PER2::LUC) rhythms in vitro Relative to non-stressed controls, adrenals from stressed mice displayed marked changes in PER2::LUC rhythms. Interestingly, the effect of stress on adrenal rhythms varied by sex and the type of stress experienced in vivo To investigate the basis of sex differences in the adrenal response to stress, we next stimulated male and female adrenals in vitro with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). ACTH shifted phase and increased amplitude of adrenal PER2::LUC rhythms. Both phase and amplitude responses were larger in female adrenals than in male adrenals, an observation consistent with previously described sex differences in the physiological response to stress. Lastly, we reversed the sex difference in adrenal clock function using stress and sex hormone manipulations to test its role in driving adrenal responses to ACTH. We find that adrenal responsiveness to ACTH is inversely proportional to the amplitude of adrenal PER2::LUC rhythms. This suggests that larger ACTH responses from female adrenals may be driven by their lower amplitude molecular rhythms. Collectively, these results indicate a reciprocal relationship between stress and the adrenal clock, with stress influencing adrenal clock function and the state of the adrenal clock gating the response to stress in a sexually dimorphic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Stagl
- Department of Biomedical SciencesMarquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mary Bozsik
- Department of Biomedical SciencesMarquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Christopher Karow
- Department of Biomedical SciencesMarquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - David Wertz
- Department of Biomedical SciencesMarquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ian Kloehn
- Department of Biomedical SciencesMarquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Savin Pillai
- Department of Biomedical SciencesMarquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Paul J Gasser
- Department of Biomedical SciencesMarquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Marieke R Gilmartin
- Department of Biomedical SciencesMarquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jennifer A Evans
- Department of Biomedical SciencesMarquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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48
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Circadian Rhythm Disturbances in Mood Disorders: Insights into the Role of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus. Neural Plast 2017; 2017:1504507. [PMID: 29230328 PMCID: PMC5694588 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1504507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythm disturbances are a common symptom among individuals with mood disorders. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), in the ventral part of the anterior hypothalamus, orchestrates physiological and behavioral circadian rhythms. The SCN consists of self-sustaining oscillators and receives photic and nonphotic cues, which entrain the SCN to the external environment. In turn, through synaptic and hormonal mechanisms, the SCN can drive and synchronize circadian rhythms in extra-SCN brain regions and peripheral tissues. Thus, genetic or environmental perturbations of SCN rhythms could disrupt brain regions more closely related to mood regulation and cause mood disturbances. Here, we review clinical and preclinical studies that provide evidence both for and against a causal role for the SCN in mood disorders.
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49
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Zhang P, Li G, Li H, Tan X, Cheng HYM. Environmental perturbation of the circadian clock during pregnancy leads to transgenerational mood disorder-like behaviors in mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12641. [PMID: 28974783 PMCID: PMC5626699 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13067-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
It remains unknown whether chronic circadian disturbance (CCD) during pregnancy can lead to mood disorders in the offspring. Here we show that pregnant mice in the F0 generation that were exposed to CCD stress displayed depression-like behaviors, and produced offspring in the F1 and F2 generations that also exhibited mood-associated behavioral phenotypes despite the lack of direct stressful experiences during their postnatal or adult period. Prenatal CCD stress was correlated with the elevation of plasma corticosterone levels in F1 mice. Furthermore, the diurnal expression profiles of core circadian clock genes were disrupted in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of F1 mice. Proteomics analysis revealed that prenatal CCD stress resulted in distinct changes in protein expression in the hypothalamus of female F1 mice, in particular proteins that were associated with cellular activities, metabolism, development and diseases. Sex-specific differences in melanocortin 4 receptor expression were apparent in the CCD F1 generation. We conclude that maternal exposure to chronic circadian disturbance during pregnancy can lead to sex-specific mood disorders that persist for at least two filial generations. The underlying mechanisms may depend on transgenerational changes in plasma corticosterone levels, circadian pacemaking, and hypothalamic protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine; Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province; Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646009, China.
| | - Guang Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine; Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province; Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646009, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine; Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province; Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646009, China
| | - XiaoQiu Tan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine; Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province; Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646009, China
| | - Hai-Ying Mary Cheng
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
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50
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Effects of Chronic Social Defeat Stress on Sleep and Circadian Rhythms Are Mitigated by Kappa-Opioid Receptor Antagonism. J Neurosci 2017; 37:7656-7668. [PMID: 28674176 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0885-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress plays a critical role in the neurobiology of mood and anxiety disorders. Sleep and circadian rhythms are affected in many of these conditions. Here we examined the effects of chronic social defeat stress (CSDS), an ethological form of stress, on sleep and circadian rhythms. We exposed male mice implanted with wireless telemetry transmitters to a 10 day CSDS regimen known to produce anhedonia (a depressive-like effect) and social avoidance (an anxiety-like effect). EEG, EMG, body temperature, and locomotor activity data were collected continuously during the CSDS regimen and a 5 day recovery period. CSDS affected numerous endpoints, including paradoxical sleep (PS) and slow-wave sleep (SWS), as well as the circadian rhythmicity of body temperature and locomotor activity. The magnitude of the effects increased with repeated stress, and some changes (PS bouts, SWS time, body temperature, locomotor activity) persisted after the CSDS regimen had ended. CSDS also altered mRNA levels of the circadian rhythm-related gene mPer2 within brain areas that regulate motivation and emotion. Administration of the κ-opioid receptor (KOR) antagonist JDTic (30 mg/kg, i.p.) before CSDS reduced stress effects on both sleep and circadian rhythms, or hastened their recovery, and attenuated changes in mPer2 Our findings show that CSDS produces persistent disruptions in sleep and circadian rhythmicity, mimicking attributes of stress-related conditions as they appear in humans. The ability of KOR antagonists to mitigate these disruptions is consistent with previously reported antistress effects. Studying homologous endpoints across species may facilitate the development of improved treatments for psychiatric illness.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Stress plays a critical role in the neurobiology of mood and anxiety disorders. We show that chronic social defeat stress in mice produces progressive alterations in sleep and circadian rhythms that resemble features of depression as it appears in humans. Whereas some of these alterations recover quickly upon cessation of stress, others persist. Administration of a kappa-opioid receptor (KOR) antagonist reduced stress effects or hastened recovery, consistent with the previously reported antistress effects of this class of agents. Use of endpoints, such as sleep and circadian rhythm, that are homologous across species will facilitate the implementation of translational studies that better predict clinical outcomes in humans, improve the success of clinical trials, and facilitate the development of more effective therapeutics.
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