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Kalinichenko L, Kornhuber J, Sinning S, Haase J, Müller CP. Serotonin Signaling through Lipid Membranes. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1298-1320. [PMID: 38499042 PMCID: PMC10995955 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) is a vital modulatory neurotransmitter responsible for regulating most behaviors in the brain. An inefficient 5-HT synaptic function is often linked to various mental disorders. Primarily, membrane proteins controlling the expression and activity of 5-HT synthesis, storage, release, receptor activation, and inactivation are critical to 5-HT signaling in synaptic and extra-synaptic sites. Moreover, these signals represent information transmission across membranes. Although the lipid membrane environment is often viewed as fairly stable, emerging research suggests significant functional lipid-protein interactions with many synaptic 5-HT proteins. These protein-lipid interactions extend to almost all the primary lipid classes that form the plasma membrane. Collectively, these lipid classes and lipid-protein interactions affect 5-HT synaptic efficacy at the synapse. The highly dynamic lipid composition of synaptic membranes suggests that these lipids and their interactions with proteins may contribute to the plasticity of the 5-HT synapse. Therefore, this broader protein-lipid model of the 5-HT synapse necessitates a reconsideration of 5-HT's role in various associated mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liubov
S. Kalinichenko
- Department
of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University
Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department
of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University
Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Steffen Sinning
- Department
of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Jana Haase
- School
of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christian P. Müller
- Department
of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University
Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Institute
of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical
Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 69047, Mannheim, Germany
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2
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Tu G, Fu T, Zheng G, Xu B, Gou R, Luo D, Wang P, Xue W. Computational Chemistry in Structure-Based Solute Carrier Transporter Drug Design: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:1433-1455. [PMID: 38294194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Solute carrier transporters (SLCs) are a class of important transmembrane proteins that are involved in the transportation of diverse solute ions and small molecules into cells. There are approximately 450 SLCs within the human body, and more than a quarter of them are emerging as attractive therapeutic targets for multiple complex diseases, e.g., depression, cancer, and diabetes. However, only 44 unique transporters (∼9.8% of the SLC superfamily) with 3D structures and specific binding sites have been reported. To design innovative and effective drugs targeting diverse SLCs, there are a number of obstacles that need to be overcome. However, computational chemistry, including physics-based molecular modeling and machine learning- and deep learning-based artificial intelligence (AI), provides an alternative and complementary way to the classical drug discovery approach. Here, we present a comprehensive overview on recent advances and existing challenges of the computational techniques in structure-based drug design of SLCs from three main aspects: (i) characterizing multiple conformations of the proteins during the functional process of transportation, (ii) identifying druggability sites especially the cryptic allosteric ones on the transporters for substrates and drugs binding, and (iii) discovering diverse small molecules or synthetic protein binders targeting the binding sites. This work is expected to provide guidelines for a deep understanding of the structure and function of the SLC superfamily to facilitate rational design of novel modulators of the transporters with the aid of state-of-the-art computational chemistry technologies including artificial intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao Tu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Tingting Fu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | | | - Binbin Xu
- Chengdu Sintanovo Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610200, China
| | - Rongpei Gou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Ding Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Panpan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian 463000, China
| | - Weiwei Xue
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
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3
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Fu T, Zeng S, Zheng Q, Zhu F. The Important Role of Transporter Structures in Drug Disposition, Efficacy, and Toxicity. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:1316-1323. [PMID: 37295948 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.123.001275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and solute carrier (SLC) transporters are critical determinants of drug disposition, clinical efficacy, and toxicity as they specifically mediate the influx and efflux of various substrates and drugs. ABC transporters can modulate the pharmacokinetics of many drugs via mediating the translocation of drugs across biologic membranes. SLC transporters are important drug targets involved in the uptake of a broad range of compounds across the membrane. However, high-resolution experimental structures have been reported for a very limited number of transporters, which limits the study of their physiologic functions. In this review, we collected structural information on ABC and SLC transporters and described the application of computational methods in structure prediction. Taking P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) and serotonin transporter (SLC6A4) as examples, we assessed the pivotal role of structure in transport mechanisms, details of ligand-receptor interactions, drug selectivity, the molecular mechanisms of drug-drug interactions, and differences caused by genetic polymorphisms. The data collected contributes toward safer and more effective pharmacological treatments. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The experimental structure of ATP-binding cassette and solute carrier transporters was collected, and the application of computational methods in structure prediction was described. P-glycoprotein and serotonin transporter were used as examples to reveal the pivotal role of structure in transport mechanisms, drug selectivity, the molecular mechanisms of drug-drug interactions, and differences caused by genetic polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Fu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (F.Z.); School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China (T.F., Q.Z.); College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (S.Z., F.Z.); and Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Center of Future Digital Healthcare, Hangzhou, China (F.Z.)
| | - Su Zeng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (F.Z.); School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China (T.F., Q.Z.); College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (S.Z., F.Z.); and Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Center of Future Digital Healthcare, Hangzhou, China (F.Z.)
| | - Qingchuan Zheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (F.Z.); School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China (T.F., Q.Z.); College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (S.Z., F.Z.); and Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Center of Future Digital Healthcare, Hangzhou, China (F.Z.)
| | - Feng Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (F.Z.); School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China (T.F., Q.Z.); College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (S.Z., F.Z.); and Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Center of Future Digital Healthcare, Hangzhou, China (F.Z.)
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4
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Wu L, Gao L, Jin X, Chen Z, Qiao X, Cui X, Gao J, Zhang L. Ethanol Extract of Mao Jian Green Tea Attenuates Gastrointestinal Symptoms in a Rat Model of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Constipation via the 5-hydroxytryptamine Signaling Pathway. Foods 2023; 12:foods12051101. [PMID: 36900618 PMCID: PMC10000491 DOI: 10.3390/foods12051101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In a previous study, we demonstrated that the hydro extract of Mao Jian Green Tea (MJGT) promotes gastrointestinal motility. In this study, the effect of MJGT ethanol extract (MJGT_EE) in treating irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) in a rat model constructed via maternal separation combined with an ice water stimulation was investigated. First, a successful model construction was confirmed through the determination of the fecal water content (FWC) and the smallest colorectal distension (CRD) volume. Then, the overall regulatory effects of MJGT_EE on the gastrointestinal tract were preliminarily evaluated through gastric emptying and small intestinal propulsion tests. Our findings indicated that MJGT_EE significantly increased FWC (p < 0.01) and the smallest CRD volume (p < 0.05) and promoted gastric emptying and small intestinal propulsion (p < 0.01). Furthermore, mechanistically, MJGT_EE reduced intestinal sensitivity by regulating the expression of proteins related to the serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) pathway. More specifically, it decreased tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) expression (p < 0.05) and increased serotonin transporter (SERT) expression (p < 0.05), thereby decreasing 5-HT secretion (p < 0.01), activating the calmodulin (CaM)/myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) pathway, and increasing 5-HT4 receptor (5-HT4R) expression (p < 0.05). Moreover, MJGT_EE enhanced the diversity of gut microbiota, increased the proportion of beneficial bacteria, and regulated the number of 5-HT-related bacteria. Flavonoids may play the role of being active ingredients in MJGT_EE. These findings suggest that MJGT_EE could serve as a potential therapeutic pathway for IBS-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wu
- Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crops Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Liming Gao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crops Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Xiang Jin
- Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhikang Chen
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crops Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Xutong Qiao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crops Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Xiting Cui
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crops Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Jianhua Gao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crops Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
- Correspondence: (J.G.); (L.Z.)
| | - Liwei Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Correspondence: (J.G.); (L.Z.)
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5
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Chen L, Ye T, Wang X, Han L, Wang T, Qi D, Cheng X. The Mechanisms Underlying the Pharmacological Effects of GuiPi Decoction on Major Depressive Disorder based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2023; 26:1701-1728. [PMID: 36045534 DOI: 10.2174/1386207325666220831152959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a common affective disorder. GuiPi decoction (GPD) is used to treat depression in China, Japan, and Korea. However, its effective ingredients and antidepressant mechanisms remain unclear. We attempted to reveal the potential mechanisms of GPD in the treatment of MDD by network pharmacology and molecular docking. In addition, we conducted an enzymatic activity assay to validate the results of molecular docking. METHODS GPD-related compounds and targets, and MDD-related targets were retrieved from databases and literature. The herb-compound-target network was constructed by Cytoscape. The protein- protein interaction network was built using the STRING database to find key targets of GPD on MDD. Enrichment analysis of shared targets was analyzed by MetaCore database to obtain the potential pathway and biological process of GPD on MDD. The main active compounds treating MDD were screened by molecular docking. The PDE4s inhibitors were screened and verified by an enzyme activity assay. RESULTS GPD contained 1222 ingredients and 190 potential targets for anti-MDD. Possible biological processes regulated by GPD were neurophysiological processes, blood vessel morphogenesis, Camp Responsive Element Modulator (CREM) pathway, and Androgen Receptor (AR) signaling crosstalk in MDD. Potential pathways in MDD associated with GPD include neurotransmission, cell differentiation, androgen signaling, and estrogen signaling. Fumarine, m-cresol, quercetin, betasitosterol, fumarine, taraxasterol, and lupeol in GPD may be the targets of SLC6A4, monoamine oxidase A (MAOA), DRD2, OPRM1, HTR3A, Albumin (ALB), and NTRK1, respectively. The IC50 values of trifolin targeting Phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4A and girinimbine targeting PDE4B1 were 73.79 μM and 31.86 μM, respectively. The IC50 values of girinimbine and benzo[a]carbazole on PDE4B2 were 51.62 μM and 94.61 μM, respectively. CONCLUSION Different compounds in GPD may target the same protein, and the same component in GPD can target multiple targets. These results suggest that the effects of GPD on MDD are holistic and systematic, unlike the pattern of one drug-one target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Chen
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Tianyuan Ye
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Lu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Tongxing Wang
- GeneNet Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China
| | - Dongmei Qi
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Xiaorui Cheng
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
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6
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Dunham KE, Venton BJ. SSRI antidepressants differentially modulate serotonin reuptake and release in Drosophila. J Neurochem 2022; 162:404-416. [PMID: 35736504 PMCID: PMC9427694 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants are commonly prescribed treatments for depression, but their effects on serotonin reuptake and release are not well understood. Drosophila melanogaster, the fruit fly, expresses the serotonin transporter (dSERT), the major target of SSRIs, but real-time serotonin changes after SSRIs have not been characterized in this model. The goal of this study was to characterize effects of SSRIs on serotonin concentration and reuptake in Drosophila larvae. We applied various doses (0.1-100 μM) of fluoxetine (Prozac), escitalopram (Lexapro), citalopram (Celexa), and paroxetine (Paxil), to ventral nerve cord (VNC) tissue and measured optogenetically-stimulated serotonin release with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV). Fluoxetine increased reuptake from 1 to 100 μM, but serotonin concentration only increased at 100 μM. Thus, fluoxetine occupies dSERT and slows clearance but does not affect concentration. Escitalopram and paroxetine increased serotonin concentrations at all doses, but escitalopram increased reuptake more. Citalopram showed lower concentration changes and faster reuptake profiles compared with escitalopram, so the racemic mixture of citalopram does not change reuptake as much as the S-isomer. Dose response curves were constructed to compare dSERT affinities and paroxetine showed the highest affinity and fluoxetine the lowest. These data demonstrate SSRI mechanisms are complex, with separate effects on reuptake or release. Furthermore, dynamic serotonin changes in Drosophila are similar to previous studies in mammals. This work establishes how antidepressants affect serotonin in real-time, which is useful for future studies that will investigate pharmacological effects of SSRIs with different genetic mutations in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Dunham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Virginia, USA
| | - B Jill Venton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Virginia, USA
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7
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Barbee BR, Gourley SL. Brain systems in cocaine abstinence-induced anxiety-like behavior in rodents: A review. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 2:100012. [PMID: 37485439 PMCID: PMC10361393 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2022.100012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is a significant public health issue that generates substantial personal, familial, and economic burdens. Still, there are no FDA-approved pharmacotherapies for CUD. Cocaine-dependent individuals report anxiety during withdrawal, and alleviation of anxiety and other negative affective states may be critical for maintaining drug abstinence. However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying abstinence-related anxiety in humans or anxiety-like behavior in rodents are not fully understood. This review summarizes investigations regarding anxiety-like behavior in mice and rats undergoing cocaine abstinence, as assessed using four of the most common anxiety-related assays: the elevated plus (or its derivative, the elevated zero) maze, open field test, light-dark transition test, and defensive burying task. We first summarize available evidence that cocaine abstinence generates anxiety-like behavior that persists throughout protracted abstinence. Then, we examine investigations concerning neuropeptide, neurotransmitter, and neuromodulator systems in cocaine abstinence-induced anxiety-like behavior. Throughout, we discuss how differences in sex, rodent strain, cocaine dose and dosing strategy and abstinence duration interact to generate anxiety-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britton R. Barbee
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Systems Pharmacology,
Emory University
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of
Medicine; Yerkes National Primate Research Center
| | - Shannon L. Gourley
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Systems Pharmacology,
Emory University
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of
Medicine; Yerkes National Primate Research Center
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8
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Xue W, Fu T, Deng S, Yang F, Yang J, Zhu F. Molecular Mechanism for the Allosteric Inhibition of the Human Serotonin Transporter by Antidepressant Escitalopram. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:340-351. [PMID: 35041375 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human serotine transporter (hSERT) is one of the most influential drug targets, and its allosteric modulators (e.g., escitalopram) have emerged to be the next-generation medication for psychiatric disorders. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the allosteric modulation of hSERT is still elusive. Here, the simulation strategies of conventional (cMD) and steered (SMD) molecular dynamics were applied to investigate this molecular mechanism from distinct perspectives. First, cMD simulations revealed that escitalopram's binding to hSERT's allosteric site simultaneously enhanced its binding to the orthosteric site. Then, SMD simulation identified that the occupation of hSERT's allosteric site by escitalopram could also block its dissociation from the orthosteric site. Finally, by comparing the simulated structures of two hSERT-escitalopram complexes with and without allosteric modulation, a new conformational coupling between an extracellular (Arg104-Glu494) and an intracellular (Lys490-Glu494) salt bridge was identified. In summary, this study explored the mechanism underlying the allosteric modulation of hSERT by collectively applying two MD simulation strategies, which could facilitate our understanding of the allosteric modulations of not only hSERT but also other clinically important therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Xue
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Tingting Fu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Shengzhe Deng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Fengyuan Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jingyi Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Center of Future Digital Healthcare, Hangzhou 330110, China
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9
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Occlusion of the human serotonin transporter is mediated by serotonin-induced conformational changes in the bundle domain. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101613. [PMID: 35065961 PMCID: PMC8867121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The human serotonin transporter (hSERT) terminates neurotransmission by removing serotonin (5HT) from the synaptic cleft, an essential process for proper functioning of serotonergic neurons. Structures of the hSERT have revealed its molecular architecture in four conformations, including the outward-open and occluded states, and show the transporter’s engagement with co-transported ions and the binding mode of inhibitors. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism by which the hSERT occludes and sequesters the substrate 5HT. This first step of substrate uptake into cells is a structural change consisting of the transition from the outward-open to the occluded state. Inhibitors such as the antidepressants citalopram, fluoxetine, and sertraline inhibit this step of the transport cycle. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we reached a fully occluded state, in which the transporter-bound 5HT becomes fully shielded from both sides of the membrane by two closed hydrophobic gates. Analysis of 5HT-triggered occlusion showed that bound 5HT serves as an essential trigger for transporter occlusion. Moreover, simulations revealed a complex sequence of steps and showed that movements of bundle domain helices are only partially correlated. 5HT-triggered occlusion is initially dominated by movements of transmembrane helix 1b, while in the final step, only transmembrane helix 6a moves and relaxes an intermediate change in its secondary structure.
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10
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Zeppelin T, Pedersen KB, Berglund NA, Periole X, Schiøtt B. Effect of palmitoylation on the dimer formation of the human dopamine transporter. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4164. [PMID: 33602981 PMCID: PMC7893171 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83374-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The human dopamine transporter (hDAT) is one in three members of the monoamine transporter family (MAT). hDAT is essential for regulating the dopamine concentration in the synaptic cleft through dopamine reuptake into the presynaptic neuron; thereby controlling hDAT dopamine signaling. Dysfunction of the transporter is linked to several psychiatric disorders. hDAT and the other MATs have been shown to form oligomers in the plasma membrane, but only limited data exists on which dimeric and higher order oligomeric states are accessible and energetically favorable. In this work, we present several probable dimer conformations using computational coarse-grained self-assembly simulations and assess the relative stability of the different dimer conformations using umbrella sampling replica exchange molecular dynamics. Overall, the dimer conformations primarily involve TM9 and/or TM11 and/or TM12 at the interface. Furthermore, we show that a palmitoyl group (palm) attached to hDAT on TM12 modifies the free energy of separation for interfaces involving TM12, suggesting that S-palmitoylation may change the relative abundance of dimers involving TM12 in a biological context. Finally, a comparison of the identified interfaces of hDAT and palmitoylated hDAT to the human serotonin transporter interfaces and the leucine transporter interface, suggests similar dimer conformations across these protein family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia Zeppelin
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kasper B Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Nils A Berglund
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Xavier Periole
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark. .,School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland & Canterbury, Auckland & Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Birgit Schiøtt
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark. .,Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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11
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Rodrı́guez P, Urbanavicius J, Prieto JP, Fabius S, Reyes AL, Havel V, Sames D, Scorza C, Carrera I. A Single Administration of the Atypical Psychedelic Ibogaine or Its Metabolite Noribogaine Induces an Antidepressant-Like Effect in Rats. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:1661-1672. [PMID: 32330007 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Anecdotal reports and open-label case studies in humans indicated that the psychedelic alkaloid ibogaine exerts profound antiaddictive effects. Ample preclinical evidence demonstrated the efficacy of ibogaine, and its main metabolite, noribogaine, in substance-use-disorder rodent models. In contrast to addiction research, depression-relevant effects of ibogaine or noribogaine in rodents have not been previously examined. We have recently reported that the acute ibogaine administration induced a long-term increase of brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA levels in the rat prefrontal cortex, which led us to hypothesize that ibogaine may elicit antidepressant-like effects in rats. Accordingly, we characterized behavioral effects (dose- and time-dependence) induced by the acute ibogaine and noribogaine administration in rats using the forced swim test (FST, 20 and 40 mg/kg i.p., single injection for each dose). We also examined the correlation between plasma and brain concentrations of ibogaine and noribogaine and the elicited behavioral response. We found that ibogaine and noribogaine induced a dose- and time-dependent antidepressant-like effect without significant changes of animal locomotor activity. Noribogaine's FST effect was short-lived (30 min) and correlated with high brain concentrations (estimated >8 μM of free drug), while the ibogaine's antidepressant-like effect was significant at 3 h. At this time point, both ibogaine and noribogaine were present in rat brain at concentrations that cannot produce the same behavioral outcome on their own (ibogaine ∼0.5 μM, noribogaine ∼2.5 μM). Our data suggests a polypharmacological mechanism underpinning the antidepressant-like effects of ibogaine and noribogaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Rodrı́guez
- Laboratorio de Sı́ntesis Orgánica, Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Facultad de Quı́mica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11200, Uruguay
- Departamento de Neurofarmacologı́a Experimental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Jessika Urbanavicius
- Departamento de Neurofarmacologı́a Experimental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - José Pedro Prieto
- Departamento de Neurofarmacologı́a Experimental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Sara Fabius
- Departamento de Neurofarmacologı́a Experimental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Ana Laura Reyes
- Centro Uruguayo de Imagenologı́a Molecular, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Vaclav Havel
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Dalibor Sames
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Cecilia Scorza
- Departamento de Neurofarmacologı́a Experimental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Ignacio Carrera
- Laboratorio de Sı́ntesis Orgánica, Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Facultad de Quı́mica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11200, Uruguay
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Cheng B, Morstein J, Ladefoged LK, Maesen JB, Schiøtt B, Sinning S, Trauner D. A Photoswitchable Inhibitor of the Human Serotonin Transporter. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:1231-1237. [PMID: 32275382 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The human serotonin transporter (hSERT) terminates serotonergic signaling through reuptake of neurotransmitter into presynaptic neurons and is a target for many antidepressant drugs. We describe here the development of a photoswitchable hSERT inhibitor, termed azo-escitalopram, that can be reversibly switched between trans and cis configurations using light of different wavelengths. The dark-adapted trans isomer was found to be significantly less active than the cis isomer, formed upon irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bichu Cheng
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Johannes Morstein
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Lucy Kate Ladefoged
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jannick Bang Maesen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Birgit Schiøtt
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Steffen Sinning
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
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