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Buzi G, Eustache F, Droit-Volet S, Desaunay P, Hinault T. Towards a neurodevelopmental cognitive perspective of temporal processing. Commun Biol 2024; 7:987. [PMID: 39143328 PMCID: PMC11324894 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06641-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The ability to organize and memorize the unfolding of events over time is a fundamental feature of cognition, which develops concurrently with the maturation of the brain. Nonetheless, how temporal processing evolves across the lifetime as well as the links with the underlying neural substrates remains unclear. Here, we intend to retrace the main developmental stages of brain structure, function, and cognition linked to the emergence of timing abilities. This neurodevelopmental perspective aims to untangle the puzzling trajectory of temporal processing aspects across the lifetime, paving the way to novel neuropsychological assessments and cognitive rehabilitation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Buzi
- Inserm, U1077, EPHE, UNICAEN, Normandie Université, PSL Université Paris, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine (NIMH), Caen, France
| | - Francis Eustache
- Inserm, U1077, EPHE, UNICAEN, Normandie Université, PSL Université Paris, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine (NIMH), Caen, France
| | - Sylvie Droit-Volet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, LAPSCO, CNRS, UMR 6024, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre Desaunay
- Inserm, U1077, EPHE, UNICAEN, Normandie Université, PSL Université Paris, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine (NIMH), Caen, France
- Service de Psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, CHU de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Thomas Hinault
- Inserm, U1077, EPHE, UNICAEN, Normandie Université, PSL Université Paris, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine (NIMH), Caen, France.
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Ren Y, Brown TI. Beyond the ears: A review exploring the interconnected brain behind the hierarchical memory of music. Psychon Bull Rev 2024; 31:507-530. [PMID: 37723336 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-023-02376-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Music is a ubiquitous element of daily life. Understanding how music memory is represented and expressed in the brain is key to understanding how music can influence human daily cognitive tasks. Current music-memory literature is built on data from very heterogeneous tasks for measuring memory, and the neural correlates appear to differ depending on different forms of memory function targeted. Such heterogeneity leaves many exceptions and conflicts in the data underexplained (e.g., hippocampal involvement in music memory is debated). This review provides an overview of existing neuroimaging results from music-memory related studies and concludes that although music is a special class of event in our lives, the memory systems behind it do in fact share neural mechanisms with memories from other modalities. We suggest that dividing music memory into different levels of a hierarchy (structural level and semantic level) helps understand overlap and divergence in neural networks involved. This is grounded in the fact that memorizing a piece of music recruits brain clusters that separately support functions including-but not limited to-syntax storage and retrieval, temporal processing, prediction versus reality comparison, stimulus feature integration, personal memory associations, and emotion perception. The cross-talk between frontal-parietal music structural processing centers and the subcortical emotion and context encoding areas explains why music is not only so easily memorable but can also serve as strong contextual information for encoding and retrieving nonmusic information in our lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiren Ren
- Georgia Institute of Technology, College of Science, School of Psychology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Thackery I Brown
- Georgia Institute of Technology, College of Science, School of Psychology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Wiener M. Coordinate-Based Meta-Analyses of the Time Perception Network. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1455:215-226. [PMID: 38918354 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-60183-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The study of time perception has advanced over the past three decades to include numerous neuroimaging studies, most notably including the use of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). Yet, with this increase in studies, there comes the desire to draw broader conclusions across datasets about the nature and instantiation of time in the human brain. In the absence of collating individual studies together, the field has employed the use of Coordinate-Based Meta-Analyses (CBMA), in which foci from individual studies are modeled as probability distributions within the brain, from which common areas of activation-likelihood are determined. This chapter provides an overview of these CBMA studies, the methods they employ, the conclusions drawn by them, and where future areas of inquiry lie. The result of this survey suggests the existence of a domain-general "timing network" that can be used both as a guide for individual neuroimaging studies and as a template for future meta-analyses.
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Clairis N, Lopez-Persem A. Debates on the dorsomedial prefrontal/dorsal anterior cingulate cortex: insights for future research. Brain 2023; 146:4826-4844. [PMID: 37530487 PMCID: PMC10690029 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The dorsomedial prefrontal cortex/dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dmPFC/dACC) is a brain area subject to many theories and debates over its function(s). Even its precise anatomical borders are subject to much controversy. In the past decades, the dmPFC/dACC has been associated with more than 15 different cognitive processes, which sometimes appear quite unrelated (e.g. body perception, cognitive conflict). As a result, understanding what the dmPFC/dACC does has become a real challenge for many neuroscientists. Several theories of this brain area's function(s) have been developed, leading to successive and competitive publications bearing different models, which sometimes contradict each other. During the last two decades, the lively scientific exchanges around the dmPFC/dACC have promoted fruitful research in cognitive neuroscience. In this review, we provide an overview of the anatomy of the dmPFC/dACC, summarize the state of the art of functions that have been associated with this brain area and present the main theories aiming at explaining the dmPFC/dACC function(s). We explore the commonalities and the arguments between the different theories. Finally, we explain what can be learned from these debates for future investigations of the dmPFC/dACC and other brain regions' functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Clairis
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics (LGC)- Brain Mind Institute (BMI)- Sciences de la Vie (SV), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alizée Lopez-Persem
- FrontLab, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne University, AP HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
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Cantarella G, Vianello G, Vezzadini G, Frassinetti F, Ciaramelli E, Candini M. Time bisection and reproduction: Evidence for a slowdown of the internal clock in right brain damaged patients. Cortex 2023; 167:303-317. [PMID: 37595392 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies show that the right hemisphere is involved in time processing, and that damage to the right hemisphere is associated with a tendency to perceive time intervals as shorter than they are, and to reproduce time intervals as longer than they are. Whether time processing deficits following right hemisphere damage are related and what is their neurocognitive basis is unclear. In this study, right brain damaged (RBD) patients, left brain damaged (LBD) patients, and healthy controls underwent a time bisection task and a time reproduction task involving time intervals varying between each other by milliseconds (short durations) or seconds (long durations). The results show that in the time bisection task RBD patients underestimated time intervals compared to LBD patients and healthy controls, while they reproduced time intervals as longer than they are. Time underestimation and over-reproduction in RBD patients applied to short but not long time intervals, and were correlated. Voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM) showed that time underestimation was associated with lesions to a right cortico-subcortical network involving the insula and inferior frontal gyrus. A small portion of this network was also associated with time over-reproduction. Our findings are consistent with a slowdown of an 'internal clock' timing mechanism following right brain damage, which likely underlies both the underestimation and the over-reproduction of time intervals, and their (overlapping) neural bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Cantarella
- Department of Psychology 'Renzo Canestrari', University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Center for Studies and Research of Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Greta Vianello
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Castel Goffredo, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Frassinetti
- Department of Psychology 'Renzo Canestrari', University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Castel Goffredo, Italy
| | - Elisa Ciaramelli
- Department of Psychology 'Renzo Canestrari', University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Center for Studies and Research of Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy.
| | - Michela Candini
- Department of Psychology 'Renzo Canestrari', University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Niida M, Haruki Y, Imai F, Ogawa K. Neural substrates of top-down processing during perceptual duration-based timing and beat-based timing. Exp Brain Res 2023:10.1007/s00221-023-06665-y. [PMID: 37468767 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06665-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Temporal context is a crucial factor in timing. Previous studies have revealed that the timing of regular stimuli, such as isochronous beats or rhythmic sequences (termed beat-based timing), activated the basal ganglia, whereas the timing of single intervals or irregular stimuli (termed duration-based timing) activated the cerebellum. We conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment to determine whether top-down processing of perceptual duration-based and beat-based timings affected brain activation patterns. Our participants listened to auditory sequences containing both single intervals and isochronous beats and judged either the duration of the intervals or the tempo of the beats. Whole-brain analysis revealed that both duration judgments and tempo judgments activated similar areas, including the basal ganglia and cerebellum, with no significant difference in the activated regions between the two conditions. In addition, an analysis of the regions of interest revealed no significant differences between the activation levels measured for the two tasks in the basal ganglia as well as the cerebellum. These results suggested that a set of common brain areas were involved in top-down processing of both duration judgments and tempo judgments. Our findings indicate that perceptual duration-based timing and beat-based timing are driven by stimulus regularity irrespective of top-down processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuki Niida
- Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Humanities and Human Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Haruki
- Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Humanities and Human Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Fumihito Imai
- Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Humanities and Human Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Kenji Ogawa
- Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Humanities and Human Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan.
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Goena J, Alústiza I, Vidal-Adroher C, Garcés MS, Fernández M, Molero P, García-Eulate R, Fernández-Seara M, Ortuño F. Time discrimination and change detection could share a common brain network: findings of a task-based fMRI study. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1110972. [PMID: 37529319 PMCID: PMC10390230 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1110972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Over the past few years, several studies have described the brain activation pattern related to both time discrimination (TD) and change detection processes. We hypothesize that both processes share a common brain network which may play a significant role in more complex cognitive processes. The main goal of this proof-of-concept study is to describe the pattern of brain activity involved in TD and oddball detection (OD) paradigms, and in processes requiring higher cognitive effort. Methods We designed an experimental task, including an auditory test tool to assess TD and OD paradigms, which was conducted under functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 14 healthy participants. We added a cognitive control component into both paradigms in our test tool. We used the general linear model (GLM) to analyze the individual fMRI data images and the random effects model for group inference. Results We defined the areas of brain activation related to TD and OD paradigms. We performed a conjunction analysis of contrast TD (task > control) and OD (task > control) patterns, finding both similarities and significant differences between them. Discussion We conclude that change detection and other cognitive processes requiring an increase in cognitive effort require participation of overlapping functional and neuroanatomical components, suggesting the presence of a common time and change detection network. This is of particular relevance for future research on normal cognitive functioning in the healthy population, as well as for the study of cognitive impairment and clinical manifestations associated with various neuropsychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Goena
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Irene Alústiza
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cristina Vidal-Adroher
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Sol Garcés
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Colegio de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Miguel Fernández
- Department of Radiology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Patricio Molero
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Reyes García-Eulate
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Radiology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Fernández-Seara
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Radiology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Felipe Ortuño
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
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The Functional Brain Network of Subcortical and Cortical Regions Underlying Time Estimation: An Functional MRI Study. Neuroscience 2023; 519:23-30. [PMID: 36871882 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Time estimation is fundamental for human survival. There have been increasing studies suggesting that distributed brain regions, such as the basal ganglia, cerebellum and the parietal cortex, may contribute to a dedicated neural mechanism of time estimation. However, evidence on the specific function of the subcortical and cortical brain regions and the interplay of them is scare. In this work, we explored how the subcortical and cortical networks function in time estimation during a time reproduction task using functional MRI (fMRI). Thirty healthy participants performed the time reproduction task in both auditory and visual modalities. Results showed that time estimation in visual and auditory modality recruited a subcortical-cortical brain network including the left caudate, left cerebellum, and right precuneus. Besides, the superior temporal gyrus (STG) was found essential in the difference between time estimation in visual and auditory modality. Using psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analysis, we observed an increase in the connection between left caudate and left precuneus using the left caudate as the seed region in temporal reproduction task than control task. This suggested that the left caudate is the key region connecting and transmitting information to other brain regions in the dedicated brain network of time estimation.
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Mondok C, Wiener M. Selectivity of timing: A meta-analysis of temporal processing in neuroimaging studies using activation likelihood estimation and reverse inference. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 16:1000995. [PMID: 36684845 PMCID: PMC9851378 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.1000995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last few decades, many researchers have investigated time perception and how it is processed in the brain. Past studies have identified cortical and subcortical regions that play an important role in implicit and/or explicit timing tasks. In regard to timing, different regions appear to have roles of varying importance depending on the duration (sub-second vs. supra-second), type of task (such as involving motor responses or passively observing stimuli), and modality (such as auditory, visual, and sensorimotor) resulting in the literature reporting divergent results that are contingent on the specifics of the task. This meta-analysis aims at identifying regions that show activation only for explicit timing tasks through reverse inference. As such, two datasets (the first including studies that involved explicit timing tasks while the second did not) were compared using the activation likelihood estimation (ALE) algorithm. Reverse inference was implemented through Bayes factor modeling, which allowed for the comparison of the activated regions between the two ALE-maps. Results showed a constellation of regions that exhibited selective activation likelihood in explicit timing tasks with the largest posterior probability of activation resulting in the left supplementary motor area (SMA) and the bilateral insula. Some areas that have been dubbed critical for time perception in past studies (i.e., the cerebellum) did not exhibit prevalent activation after analyses.
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Weder BJ. Mindfulness in the focus of the neurosciences - The contribution of neuroimaging to the understanding of mindfulness. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:928522. [PMID: 36325155 PMCID: PMC9622333 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.928522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mindfulness affects human levels of experience by facilitating the immediate and impartial perception of phenomena, including sensory stimulation, emotions, and thoughts. Mindfulness is now a focus of neuroimaging, since technical and methodological developments in magnetic resonance imaging have made it possible to observe subjects performing mindfulness tasks. OBJECTIVE We set out to describe the association between mental processes and characteristics of mindfulness, including their specific cerebral patterns, as shown in structural and functional neuroimaging studies. METHODS We searched the MEDLINE databank of references and abstracts on life sciences and biomedical topics via PubMed using the keywords: "mindfulness," "focused attention (FA)," "open monitoring (OM)," "mind wandering," "emotional regulation," "magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)" and "default mode network (DMN)." This review extracted phenomenological experiences across populations with varying degrees of mindfulness training and correlated these experiences with structural and functional neuroimaging patterns. Our goal was to describe how mindful behavior was processed by the constituents of the default mode network during specific tasks. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Depending on the research paradigm employed to explore mindfulness, investigations of function that used fMRI exhibited distinct activation patterns and functional connectivities. Basic to mindfulness is a long-term process of learning to use meditation techniques. Meditators progress from voluntary control of emotions and subjective preferences to emotional regulation and impartial awareness of phenomena. As their ability to monitor perception and behavior, a metacognitive skill, improves, mindfulness increases self-specifying thoughts governed by the experiential phenomenological self and reduces self-relational thoughts of the narrative self. The degree of mindfulness (ratio of self-specifying to self-relational thoughts) may affect other mental processes, e.g., awareness, working memory, mind wandering and belief formation. Mindfulness prevents habituation and the constant assumptions associated with mindlessness. Self-specifying thinking during mindfulness and self-relational thinking in the narrative self relies on the default mode network. The main constituents of this network are the dorsal and medial prefrontal cortex, and posterior cingulate cortex. These midline structures are antagonistic to self-specifying and self-relational processes, since the predominant process determines their differential involvement. Functional and brain volume changes indicate brain plasticity, mediated by mental training over the long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno J. Weder
- Support Centre for Advanced Neuroimaging (SCAN), Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Riemer M, Achtzehn J, Kuehn E, Wolbers T. Cross-dimensional interference between time and distance during spatial navigation is mediated by speed representations in intraparietal sulcus and area hMT+. Neuroimage 2022; 257:119336. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Ogden RS, Dobbins C, Slade K, McIntyre J, Fairclough S. The psychophysiological mechanisms of real-world time experience. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12890. [PMID: 35902608 PMCID: PMC9330997 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16198-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Our sense of time is fallible, often resulting in the sensation of time flying by quickly or dragging slowly. It has been suggested that changes in sympathetic (SNS) and parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity may influence the perceived passage of time, however this proposition has never been tested during real-world temporal experience. The current study directly tested the relationship between the passage of time and SNS-PNS activity in the real-world. Sixty-seven participants completed a normal day's activities whilst wearing sensors to capture electrocardiography (ECG), electrodermal activity (EDA) and movement. They also provided hourly rating of the subjective speed at which time was passing. Results revealed that greater SNS activity (e.g., increased heart rate, frequency of phasic skin conductance response) was associated with time passing more quickly. PNS activity was not related to time experience. Whilst the findings support previous suggestions that changes in physiological arousal are associated with distortions to the passage of time, the effects are small and other factors are likely to contribute to real-world temporal experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth S Ogden
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L33AF, UK.
| | - Chelsea Dobbins
- School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Kate Slade
- Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA14YW, UK
| | - Jason McIntyre
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L33AF, UK
| | - Stephen Fairclough
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L33AF, UK
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Coelho P, Rodrigues JA, Nascimento Alves P, Fonseca AC. Time perception changes in stroke patients: A systematic literature review. Front Neurol 2022; 13:938367. [PMID: 35928126 PMCID: PMC9343772 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.938367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Time perception comprises the subjective experience of passing of time and of the duration of an event. Although already described in some neurological and psychiatric conditions, there is a paucity of details regarding this neurocognitive change in stroke patients. We aimed to describe time perception dysfunction in stroke patient. Methods We performed a systematic review of the literature in Pubmed, PsycInfo and EMBASE including manuscripts from their inception until December 2020. We collected data regarding the type of time perception that was detected, type of stroke, most common location of lesions, evaluation tests that were used and time of evaluation after stroke onset. Results A total of 27 manuscripts were selected, concerning a total of 418 patients (n = 253 male; 60.5%). Most manuscripts (n = 21) evaluated patients with ischaemic lesions (n = 407; 97.4%). The majority referred to evaluations between 2 months and seven years after stroke. Underestimation in temporal evaluation in sub- and supra-second was the most common dysfunction (n = 165; 41.7%). Overestimation of time (n = 116; 27.8%) and impaired time interval comparison (n = 88; 22.2%) were also found. Most patients had right hemisphere lesions (n = 219 patients; 52.4%). Common reported lesion locations included the thalamus, insula, basal ganglia, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, parietal cortex including supramarginal, angular gyrus and right inferior parietal cortex and cerebellum. Conclusion There are multiple stroke locations associated with time perception dysfunction, which highlights the complex system involved in time perception. There is still scarce knowledge about specific time perception deficits after stroke. Most studies rely in psychometric analysis without clear clinical and functional translation, namely regarding impact on daily activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Coelho
- Serviço de Neurologia, Departamento de Neurociências e Saúde Mental, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Pedro Coelho
| | - Joana Amado Rodrigues
- Clínica Universitária de Neurologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Nascimento Alves
- Serviço de Neurologia, Departamento de Neurociências e Saúde Mental, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Laboratório de Estudos de Linguagem, Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Catarina Fonseca
- Serviço de Neurologia, Departamento de Neurociências e Saúde Mental, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Clínica Universitária de Neurologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Monfort V, Pfeuty M, Masson I, Kop JL, Brissart H, Maillard L. Preserved time but altered numerosity processing in epileptic patients with postoperative lesion in the inferior frontal gyrus. Brain Cogn 2022; 160:105865. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2022.105865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Hashiguchi M, Koike T, Morita T, Harada T, Le Bihan D, Sadato N. Neural substrates of accurate perception of time duration: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Neuropsychologia 2022; 166:108145. [PMID: 35007617 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Time duration, an essential feature of the physical world, is perceived and cognitively interpreted subjectively. While this perception is deeply connected with arousal and interoceptive signals, the underlying neural mechanisms remain elusive. As the insula is critical for integrating information from the external world with the organism's inner state, we hypothesized that it might have a central role in the perception of time duration and contribute to its estimation accuracy. We conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging study with 27 healthy participants performing temporal duration and pitch bisection tasks that used the same stimuli. By comparison with two referents with short and long duration in the time range of 1 s (close to the heart rate period), or low and high pitch, participants had to decide whether target stimuli were closer in duration or pitch to the referent stimuli. The temporal bisection point between short and long duration perception was obtained through a psychometric response curve analysis for each participant. The deviation between the bisection point and the average of reference stimuli durations was used as a marker of duration accuracy. Duration discrimination-specific activation, contrasted to pitch discrimination, was found in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, bilateral cerebellum, and right anterior insular cortex (AIC), extending to the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), inferior parietal lobule, and frontal pole. The activity in the right AIC and IFG was positively correlated with the accuracy of duration discrimination. The right AIC is known to be related to the reproduction of duration, whereas the right IFG is involved in categorical decisions. Thus, the comparison between the referent durations reproduced in the AIC and the target duration may occur in the right IFG. We conclude that the right AIC and IFG contribute to the accurate perception of temporal duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maho Hashiguchi
- Department of System Neuroscience, Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Shonan Village, Hayama, Kanagawa, 240-0193, Japan
| | - Takahiko Koike
- Department of System Neuroscience, Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Shonan Village, Hayama, Kanagawa, 240-0193, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Morita
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Osaka, 565-0781, Japan
| | - Tokiko Harada
- Brain, Mind and KANSEI Sciences Research Center, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Denis Le Bihan
- Department of System Neuroscience, Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan; NeuroSpin, Bâtiment 145, Point Courrier 156. CEA-Saclay Center F91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Norihiro Sadato
- Department of System Neuroscience, Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Shonan Village, Hayama, Kanagawa, 240-0193, Japan.
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16
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Soltanparast S, Toufan R, Talebian S, Pourbakht A. Regularity of background auditory scene and selective attention: a brain oscillatory study. Neurosci Lett 2022; 772:136465. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Richter F, Ibáñez A. Time is body: Multimodal evidence of crosstalk between interoception and time estimation. Biol Psychol 2021; 159:108017. [PMID: 33450326 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical approaches propose a blending between interoception and time estimation. Interoception might constitute a neurophysiological mechanism for encoding duration. However, no study has assessed the convergence between interoception and time estimation using behavioral, neurophysiological, and functional anatomy signatures. We examined the multimodal convergence between interoception and time estimation using a two-fold approach. In study 1, we developed a dual design combining interoception (measuring heartbeat detection - HBD, and heartbeat evoked potential - HEP) with a time estimation paradigm (TEP, estimation of duration of a 120 s interval). In study 2, we performed a conjoint metanalysis (Multi-level Kernel Density Analysis, MKDA) of neuroimaging, including reports of interoception and time estimation. Both studies provide convergent evidence of time estimation's significant involvement in behavioral, electrophysiological (enhanced HEP), and neuroimaging (overlapping cluster in the right insula and operculum) signatures of interoception. Convergent results from both studies offer direct support for a shared mechanism of interoception and time estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Richter
- Cognitive Neurosience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andrés, Argentina.
| | - Agustín Ibáñez
- Cognitive Neurosience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andrés, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Argentina; Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), Latin American Institute of Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Santiago de Chile, Chile; Universidad Autónoma del Caribe, Colombia; Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California San Francisco (UCSF), US.
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18
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Garcés MS, Alústiza I, Albajes-Eizagirre A, Goena J, Molero P, Radua J, Ortuño F. An fMRI Study Using a Combined Task of Interval Discrimination and Oddball Could Reveal Common Brain Circuits of Cognitive Change. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:786113. [PMID: 34987432 PMCID: PMC8721204 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.786113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent functional neuroimaging studies suggest that the brain networks responsible for time processing are involved during other cognitive processes, leading to a hypothesis that time-related processing is needed to perform a range of tasks across various cognitive functions. To examine this hypothesis, we analyze whether, in healthy subjects, the brain structures activated or deactivated during performance of timing and oddball-detection type tasks coincide. To this end, we conducted two independent signed differential mapping (SDM) meta-analyses of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies assessing the cerebral generators of the responses elicited by tasks based on timing and oddball-detection paradigms. Finally, we undertook a multimodal meta-analysis to detect brain regions common to the findings of the two previous meta-analyses. We found that healthy subjects showed significant activation in cortical areas related to timing and salience networks. The patterns of activation and deactivation corresponding to each task type partially coincided. We hypothesize that there exists a time and change-detection network that serves as a common underlying resource used in a broad range of cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Sol Garcés
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Colegio de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador.,Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Irene Alústiza
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Anton Albajes-Eizagirre
- Imaging of Mood and Anxiety Related Disorders (IMARD) Group, d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERSAM ES, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Goena
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Patricio Molero
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Imaging of Mood and Anxiety Related Disorders (IMARD) Group, d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERSAM ES, Barcelona, Spain.,Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Karolinska Institutet SE, Solna, Sweden
| | - Felipe Ortuño
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
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19
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Villacorta-Atienza JA, Calvo Tapia C, Díez-Hermano S, Sánchez-Jiménez A, Lobov S, Krilova N, Murciano A, López-Tolsa GE, Pellón R, Makarov VA. Static internal representation of dynamic situations reveals time compaction in human cognition. J Adv Res 2020; 28:111-125. [PMID: 33364049 PMCID: PMC7753960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The human brain has evolved under the constraint of survival in complex dynamic situations. It makes fast and reliable decisions based on internal representations of the environment. Whereas neural mechanisms involved in the internal representation of space are becoming known, entire spatiotemporal cognition remains a challenge. Growing experimental evidence suggests that brain mechanisms devoted to spatial cognition may also participate in spatiotemporal information processing. Objectives The time compaction hypothesis postulates that the brain represents both static and dynamic situations as purely static maps. Such an internal reduction of the external complexity allows humans to process time-changing situations in real-time efficiently. According to time compaction, there may be a deep inner similarity between the representation of conventional static and dynamic visual stimuli. Here, we test the hypothesis and report the first experimental evidence of time compaction in humans. Methods We engaged human subjects in a discrimination-learning task consisting in the classification of static and dynamic visual stimuli. When there was a hidden correspondence between static and dynamic stimuli due to time compaction, the learning performance was expected to be modulated. We studied such a modulation experimentally and by a computational model. Results The collected data validated the predicted learning modulation and confirmed that time compaction is a salient cognitive strategy adopted by the human brain to process time-changing situations. Mathematical modelling supported the finding. We also revealed that men are more prone to exploit time compaction in accordance with the context of the hypothesis as a cognitive basis for survival. Conclusions The static internal representation of dynamic situations is a human cognitive mechanism involved in decision-making and strategy planning to cope with time-changing environments. The finding opens a new venue to understand how humans efficiently interact with our dynamic world and thrive in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Villacorta-Atienza
- B.E.E. Department, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Interdisciplinary Mathematics, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Calvo Tapia
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Mathematics, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Díez-Hermano
- B.E.E. Department, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Abel Sánchez-Jiménez
- B.E.E. Department, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Interdisciplinary Mathematics, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergey Lobov
- Neural Network Technologies Lab, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Nadia Krilova
- Neural Network Technologies Lab, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Antonio Murciano
- B.E.E. Department, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriela E López-Tolsa
- Department of Basic Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, National Distance Education University, Spain
| | - Ricardo Pellón
- Department of Basic Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, National Distance Education University, Spain
| | - Valeri A Makarov
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Mathematics, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain.,Neural Network Technologies Lab, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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20
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Jablonska K, Piotrowska M, Bednarek H, Szymaszek A, Marchewka A, Wypych M, Szelag E. Maintenance vs. Manipulation in Auditory Verbal Working Memory in the Elderly: New Insights Based on Temporal Dynamics of Information Processing in the Millisecond Time Range. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:194. [PMID: 32848698 PMCID: PMC7396649 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Working memory (WM) is a limited-capacity cognitive system that allows the storage and use of a limited amount of information for a short period of time. Two WM processes can be distinguished: maintenance (i.e., storing, monitoring, and matching information) and manipulation (i.e., reordering and updating information). A number of studies have reported an age-related decline in WM, but the mechanisms underlying this deterioration need to be investigated. Previous research, including studies conducted in our laboratory, revealed that age-related cognitive deficits are related to decreased millisecond timing, i.e., the ability to perceive and organize incoming events in time. The aim of the current study was: (1) to identify in the elderly the brain network involved in the maintenance and manipulation WM processes; and (2) to use an fMRI task to investigate the relation between the brain activity associated with these two processes and the efficiency of temporal information processing (TIP) on a millisecond level reflected by psychophysical indices. Subjects were 41 normal healthy elderly people aged from 62 to 78 years. They performed: (1) an auditory verbal n-back task for assessing WM efficiency in an MRI scanner; and (2) a psychophysical auditory temporal-order judgment (TOJ) task for assessing temporal resolution in the millisecond domain outside the scanner. The n-back task comprised three conditions (0-, 1-, and 2-back), which allowed maintenance (1- vs. 0-back comparisons) and manipulation (2- vs. 1-back comparisons) processes to be distinguished. Results revealed the involvement of a similar brain network in the elderly to that found in previous studies. However, during maintenance processes, we found relatively limited and focused activations, which were significantly extended during manipulation. A novel result of our study, never reported before, is an indication of significant moderate correlations between the efficiency of WM and TIP. These correlations were found only for manipulation but not for maintenance. Our results confirmed the hypothesis that manipulation in the elderly is a dynamic process requiring skilled millisecond timing with high temporal resolution. We conclude that millisecond timing contributes to WM manipulation in the elderly, but not to maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Jablonska
- Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Piotrowska
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hanna Bednarek
- Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aneta Szymaszek
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Marchewka
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Wypych
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Szelag
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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21
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Teghil A, Di Vita A, D'Antonio F, Boccia M. Inter-individual differences in resting-state functional connectivity are linked to interval timing in irregular contexts. Cortex 2020; 128:254-269. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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22
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Pumpho A, Chaikeeree N, Saengsirisuwan V, Boonsinsukh R. Selection of the Better Dual-Timed Up and Go Cognitive Task to Be Used in Patients With Stroke Characterized by Subtraction Operation Difficulties. Front Neurol 2020; 11:262. [PMID: 32390925 PMCID: PMC7190870 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) with serial subtraction is commonly used to assess cognitive-dual task performance during walking for fall prediction. Some stroke patients cannot perform number subtraction and it is unclear which cognitive task can be used to substitute for the subtraction task in the TUG test. The aim of this study was to determine the type of cognitive task that produced the highest decrease on both motor and cognitive performances during TUG-dual in stroke patients. Methods: A total of 23 persons with stroke but capable of completing subtraction (ST) and 19 persons with subtraction operation difficulties (SOD) participated. Both groups have a similar age range (ST: 59.3 ± 10.4 years and SOD: 62.0 ± 6.8 years) and stroke onset duration (ST: 44.13 ± 62.29 months and SOD: 42.34 ± 39.69 months). The participants performed TUG without a cognitive task (TUG-single) followed by a cognitive task when seated (cognitive-single). In addition, TUG with a cognitive task (TUG-dual) was performed, with the activity randomly selected from four cognitive tasks, including alternate reciting, auditory working memory, clock task, and phonologic fluency. The main outcome variables—TUG duration measured by OPAL accelerometer and cognitive-dual task effect (DTE)—were analyzed using repeated-measures analyses of variance (ANOVA). Results: The number of correct responses when seated were significantly lower in the SOD as compared to the ST (p < 0.05) during all cognitive tasks, except the phonologic fluency. During TUG-cognitive, TUG duration in the ST was significantly longer for all cognitive tasks compared with TUG-single (p < 0.0001), whereas TUG duration in the SOD was significantly increased only during the phonologic fluency task (p < 0.01). In the ST, there was a significant difference in cognitive DTE between the subtraction and the phonologic fluency tasks (p < 0.01). The highest cognitive cost was found in the subtraction task, whereas the highest cognitive benefit was shown in the phonologic fluency task. No significant cognitive DTE was found among the cognitive tasks in the SOD. Conclusion: For stroke persons with SOD, phonologic fluency is suitable to be used in the TUG-cognitive assessment. In contrast, subtraction (by 3s) is recommended for the assessment of TUG-cognitive in stroke persons who can perform subtraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ampha Pumpho
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhonnayok, Thailand.,Department of Physical Therapy, School of Integrative Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Nithinun Chaikeeree
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhonnayok, Thailand
| | | | - Rumpa Boonsinsukh
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhonnayok, Thailand
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23
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Calvo Tapia C, Villacorta-Atienza JA, Díez-Hermano S, Khoruzhko M, Lobov S, Potapov I, Sánchez-Jiménez A, Makarov VA. Semantic Knowledge Representation for Strategic Interactions in Dynamic Situations. Front Neurorobot 2020; 14:4. [PMID: 32116635 PMCID: PMC7031254 DOI: 10.3389/fnbot.2020.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolved living beings can anticipate the consequences of their actions in complex multilevel dynamic situations. This ability relies on abstracting the meaning of an action. The underlying brain mechanisms of such semantic processing of information are poorly understood. Here we show how our novel concept, known as time compaction, provides a natural way of representing semantic knowledge of actions in time-changing situations. As a testbed, we model a fencing scenario with a subject deciding between attack and defense strategies. The semantic content of each action in terms of lethality, versatility, and imminence is then structured as a spatial (static) map representing a particular fencing (dynamic) situation. The model allows deploying a variety of cognitive strategies in a fast and reliable way. We validate the approach in virtual reality and by using a real humanoid robot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Calvo Tapia
- Facultad de CC. Matemáticas, Instituto de Matemática Interdisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Sergio Díez-Hermano
- Biomathematics Unit, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Sergey Lobov
- N. I. Lobachevsky State University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Ivan Potapov
- N. I. Lobachevsky State University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Abel Sánchez-Jiménez
- Biomathematics Unit, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Valeri A. Makarov
- Facultad de CC. Matemáticas, Instituto de Matemática Interdisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- N. I. Lobachevsky State University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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24
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Maric V, Ramanathan D, Mishra J. Respiratory regulation & interactions with neuro-cognitive circuitry. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 112:95-106. [PMID: 32027875 PMCID: PMC10092293 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
It is increasingly being recognized that active control of breathing - a key aspect of ancient Vedic meditative practices, can relieve stress and anxiety and improve cognition. However, the underlying mechanisms of respiratory modulation of neurophysiology are just beginning to be elucidated. Research shows that brainstem circuits involved in the motor control of respiration receive input from and can directly modulate activity in subcortical circuits, affecting emotion and arousal. Meanwhile, brain regions involved in the sensory aspects of respiration, such as the olfactory bulb, are like-wise linked with wide-spread brain oscillations; and perturbing olfactory bulb activity can significantly affect both mood and cognition. Thus, via both motor and sensory pathways, there are clear mechanisms by which brain activity is entrained to the respiratory cycle. Here, we review evidence gathered across multiple species demonstrating the links between respiration, entrainment of brain activity and functional relevance for affecting mood and cognition. We also discuss further linkages with cardiac rhythms, and the potential translational implications for biorhythm monitoring and regulation in neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojislav Maric
- Neural Engineering and Translation Labs, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dhakshin Ramanathan
- Neural Engineering and Translation Labs, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Mental Health, VA San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jyoti Mishra
- Neural Engineering and Translation Labs, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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25
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Fernandes AC, Garcia-Marques T. The perception of time is dynamically interlocked with the facial muscle activity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18737. [PMID: 31822706 PMCID: PMC6904682 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55029-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Time perception relies on the motor system. Involves core brain regions of this system, including those associated with feelings generated from sensorimotor states. Perceptual timing is also distorted when movement occurs during timing tasks, possibly by interfering with sensorimotor afferent feedback. However, it is unknown if the perception of time is an active process associated with specific patterns of muscle activity. We explored this idea based on the phenomenon of electromyographic gradients, which consists of the dynamic increase of muscle activity during cognitive tasks that require sustained attention, a critical function in perceptual timing. We aimed to determine whether facial muscle dynamic activity indexes the subjective representation of time. We asked participants to judge stimuli durations (varying in familiarity) while we monitored the time course of the activity of the zygomaticus-major and corrugator-supercilii muscles, both associated with cognitive and affective feelings. The dynamic electromyographic activity in corrugator-supercilii over time reflected objective time and this relationship predicted subjective judgments of duration. Furthermore, the zygomaticus-major muscle signaled the bias that familiarity introduces in duration judgments. This suggests that subjective duration could be an embodiment process based in motor information changing over time and their associated feelings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre C Fernandes
- ISPA - Instituto Universitário, William James Center for Research, Lisboa, Portugal.
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26
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Nani A, Manuello J, Liloia D, Duca S, Costa T, Cauda F. The Neural Correlates of Time: A Meta-analysis of Neuroimaging Studies. J Cogn Neurosci 2019; 31:1796-1826. [DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
During the last two decades, our inner sense of time has been repeatedly studied with the help of neuroimaging techniques. These investigations have suggested the specific involvement of different brain areas in temporal processing. At least two distinct neural systems are likely to play a role in measuring time: One is mainly constituted of subcortical structures and is supposed to be more related to the estimation of time intervals below the 1-sec range (subsecond timing tasks), and the other is mainly constituted of cortical areas and is supposed to be more related to the estimation of time intervals above the 1-sec range (suprasecond timing tasks). Tasks can then be performed in motor or nonmotor (perceptual) conditions, thus providing four different categories of time processing. Our meta-analytical investigation partly confirms the findings of previous meta-analytical works. Both sub- and suprasecond tasks recruit cortical and subcortical areas, but subcortical areas are more intensely activated in subsecond tasks than in suprasecond tasks, which instead receive more contributions from cortical activations. All the conditions, however, show strong activations in the SMA, whose rostral and caudal parts have an important role not only in the discrimination of different time intervals but also in relation to the nature of the task conditions. This area, along with the striatum (especially the putamen) and the claustrum, is supposed to be an essential node in the different networks engaged when the brain creates our sense of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Nani
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital, Turin, Italy
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin
| | - Jordi Manuello
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital, Turin, Italy
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin
| | - Donato Liloia
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital, Turin, Italy
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin
| | - Sergio Duca
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital, Turin, Italy
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin
| | - Tommaso Costa
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital, Turin, Italy
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin
| | - Franco Cauda
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital, Turin, Italy
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin
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27
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Ogden RS, Henderson J, Slade K, McGlone F, Richter M. The effect of increased parasympathetic activity on perceived duration. Conscious Cogn 2019; 76:102829. [PMID: 31610438 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2019.102829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Theories of human temporal perception suggest that changes in physiological arousal distort the perceived duration of events. Behavioural manipulations of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity support this suggestion, however the effects of behavioural manipulations of parasympathetic (PSNS) activity on time perception are unclear. The current study examined the effect of a paced respiration exercise known to increase PSNS activity on sub-second duration estimates. Participants estimated the duration of negatively and neutrally valenced images following a period of normal and paced breathing. PSNS and SNS activity were indexed by high-frequency heart-rate variability and pre-ejection period respectively. Paced breathing increased PSNS activity and reduced the perceived duration of the negative and neutrally valenced stimuli relative to normal breathing. The results show that manipulations of PSNS activity can distort time in the absence of a change in SNS activity. They also suggest that activities which increase PSNS activity may be effective in reducing the perceived duration of short events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth S Ogden
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L33AF, UK.
| | - Jessica Henderson
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L33AF, UK; Institute of Psychology Health & Society, Liverpool University, UK
| | - Kate Slade
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L33AF, UK
| | - Francis McGlone
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L33AF, UK; Institute of Psychology Health & Society, Liverpool University, UK
| | - Michael Richter
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L33AF, UK
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28
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Kale EH, Üstün S, Çiçek M. Amygdala-prefrontal cortex connectivity increased during face discrimination but not time perception. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 50:3873-3888. [PMID: 31376287 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Time sensitivity is affected by emotional stimuli such as fearful faces. The effect of threatening stimuli on time perception depends on numerous factors, including task type and duration range. We applied a two-interval forced-choice task using face stimuli to healthy volunteers to evaluate time perception and emotion interaction using functional magnetic resonance imaging. We conducted finite impulse response analysis to examine time series for the significantly activated brain areas and psycho-physical interaction to investigate the connectivity between selected regions. Time perception engaged a right-lateralised frontoparietal network, while a face discrimination task activated the amygdala and fusiform face area (FFA). No voxels were active with regard to the effect of expression (fearful versus neutral). In parallel with this, our behavioural results showed that attending to the fearful faces did not cause duration overestimation. Finally, connectivity of the amygdala and FFA to the middle frontal gyrus increased during the face processing condition compared to the timing task. Overall, our results suggest that the prefrontal-amygdala connectivity might be required for the emotional processing of facial stimuli. On the other hand, attentional load, task type and task difficulty are discussed as possible factors that influence the effects of emotion on time perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre H Kale
- Brain Research Centre, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, Health Science Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sertaç Üstün
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Metehan Çiçek
- Brain Research Centre, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, Health Science Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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29
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Calabro FJ, Beardsley SA, Vaina LM. Differential cortical activation during the perception of moving objects along different trajectories. Exp Brain Res 2019; 237:2665-2673. [PMID: 31396645 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-019-05613-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Detection of 3D object-motion trajectories depends on the integration of two distinct visual cues: translational displacement and looming. Electrophysiological studies have identified distinct neuronal populations, whose activity depends on the precise motion cues present in the stimulus. This distinction, however, has been less clear in humans, and it is confounded by differences in the behavioral task being performed. We analyzed whole-brain fMRI, while subjects performed a common time-to-arrival task for objects moving along three trajectories: moving directly towards the observer (collision course), with trajectories parallel to the line of sight (passage course), and with trajectories perpendicular to the line of sight (gap closure). We found that there was substantial overlap in the pattern of activation associated with each of the three tasks, with differences among conditions limited to the human motion area (hMT+), which showed greater activation extent in the gap closure condition than for either collision or passage courses. These results support a common substrate for temporal judgments of an object's time-to-arrival, wherein the special cases of object motion directly toward, or perpendicular to, the observer represent two extremes within the broader continuum of 3D passage trajectories relative to the observer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finnegan J Calabro
- Brain and Vision Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. .,Departments of Psychiatry and Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Scott A Beardsley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Lucia M Vaina
- Brain and Vision Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02214, USA
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30
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Ogden RS, Henderson J, McGlone F, Richter M. Time distortion under threat: Sympathetic arousal predicts time distortion only in the context of negative, highly arousing stimuli. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216704. [PMID: 31083698 PMCID: PMC6513432 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Theoretical models of time perception suggest a simple bottom-up relationship between physiological arousal and perceived duration. Increases in physiological arousal lengthen the perceived duration of events whereas decreases in physiological arousal reduce them. Whilst this relationship has been demonstrated for highly arousing negatively valenced stimuli, it has not been demonstrated for other classes of distorting stimuli (e.g. positively valenced or low arousal stimuli). The current study tested the effect of valence (positive and negative) and arousal level (high and low) on the relationship between physiological arousal and perceived duration. Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS) activity was measured during a verbal estimation task in which participants judged the duration of high and low arousal, positive, negative and neutrally valenced IAPS images. SNS and PSNS activity were indexed by measuring Pre-Ejection Period (PEP) and High Frequency Heart-rate Variability (HF-HRV) respectively. SNS reactivity was predicative of perceived duration, but only for high arousal negatively valenced stimuli, with decreases in PEP being associated with longer duration estimates. SNS and PSNS activity was not predictive of perceived duration for the low arousal negative stimuli or the low and high arousal positive stimuli. We therefore propose a new model suggesting that emotional distortions to time result from a combination of bottom-up (physiological arousal) and top-down (threat detection) factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Sarah Ogden
- School of Natural Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Jessica Henderson
- School of Natural Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Francis McGlone
- School of Natural Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Richter
- School of Natural Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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31
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Pfeuty M, Monfort V, Klein M, Krieg J, Collé S, Colnat-Coulbois S, Brissart H, Maillard L. Role of the supplementary motor area during reproduction of supra-second time intervals: An intracerebral EEG study. Neuroimage 2019; 191:403-420. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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32
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Coupling Inner and Outer Body for Self-Consciousness. Trends Cogn Sci 2019; 23:377-388. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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33
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Marinho V, Pinto GR, Bandeira J, Oliveira T, Carvalho V, Rocha K, Magalhães F, de Sousa VG, Bastos VH, Gupta D, Orsini M, Teixeira S. Impaired decision-making and time perception in individuals with stroke: Behavioral and neural correlates. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2019; 175:367-376. [PMID: 30922589 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that stroke subjects present impairment of functions related to decision-making and timing, involving the information processing in the neural circuits of the cerebellum in association with the prefrontal cortex. This review is aimed to identify the gaps, and demonstrate a better understanding of decision-making and timing functions in the patients with stroke. Electronic literature database was searched and the findings of relevant studies were used to explore the mechanisms of decision-making and timing in patients with stroke, as well as the circuit connections in timing mediated by prefrontal cortex and cerebellum. A literature review was conducted with 65 studies that synthesized findings on decision-making and time perception in individuals with stroke. Types of neurobiological modalities in this study included: Relationships among decision-making, time perception, related cognitive aspects (such as discrimination tasks, verbal estimation, bisection tasks, time production and motor reproduction), and motor control. We demonstrate that the timing processes are important for the performance in cognitive tasks and that the cerebellum and prefrontal cortex are involved in decision-making and time perception. In the context, the decision-making is impaired in stroke patients has a great impact on executive functions, and this seems to be important in determining neurobiological aspects relevant to the time interval interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Marinho
- Neuro-innovation Technology & Brain Mapping Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil; Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba-PI, Brazil; The Northeast Biotechnology Network, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina-PI, Brazil.
| | - G R Pinto
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba-PI, Brazil; The Northeast Biotechnology Network, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina-PI, Brazil
| | - J Bandeira
- Teresina Unified Education Center - CEUT, Teresina-PI, Brazil
| | - T Oliveira
- Neuro-innovation Technology & Brain Mapping Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil; Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba-PI, Brazil; The Northeast Biotechnology Network, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina-PI, Brazil
| | - V Carvalho
- Neuro-innovation Technology & Brain Mapping Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil; The Northeast Biotechnology Network, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina-PI, Brazil
| | - K Rocha
- Neuro-innovation Technology & Brain Mapping Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil; The Northeast Biotechnology Network, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina-PI, Brazil
| | - F Magalhães
- Neuro-innovation Technology & Brain Mapping Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil; The Northeast Biotechnology Network, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina-PI, Brazil
| | - V G de Sousa
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba-PI, Brazil
| | - V H Bastos
- The Northeast Biotechnology Network, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina-PI, Brazil; Brain Mapping and Functionality Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba-PI, Brazil
| | - D Gupta
- Department of Biology, Camden County College, Blackwood, NJ, USA
| | - M Orsini
- Master's Program in Local Development Program, University Center Augusto Motta - UNISUAM, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - S Teixeira
- Neuro-innovation Technology & Brain Mapping Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil; The Northeast Biotechnology Network, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina-PI, Brazil
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34
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Manaia F, Rocha K, Marinho V, Magalhães F, Oliveira T, Carvalho V, Araújo T, Ayres C, Gupta D, Velasques B, Ribeiro P, Cagy M, Bastos VH, Teixeira S. The role of low-frequency rTMS in the superior parietal cortex during time estimation. Neurol Sci 2019; 40:1183-1189. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-019-03820-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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35
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The Strength of Alpha-Beta Oscillatory Coupling Predicts Motor Timing Precision. J Neurosci 2019; 39:3277-3291. [PMID: 30792271 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2473-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise timing makes the difference between harmony and cacophony, but how the brain achieves precision during timing is unknown. In this study, human participants (7 females, 5 males) generated a time interval while being recorded with magnetoencephalography. Building on the proposal that the coupling of neural oscillations provides a temporal code for information processing in the brain, we tested whether the strength of oscillatory coupling was sensitive to self-generated temporal precision. On a per individual basis, we show the presence of alpha-beta phase-amplitude coupling whose strength was associated with the temporal precision of self-generated time intervals, not with their absolute duration. Our results provide evidence that active oscillatory coupling engages α oscillations in maintaining the precision of an endogenous temporal motor goal encoded in β power; the when of self-timed actions. We propose that oscillatory coupling indexes the variance of neuronal computations, which translates into the precision of an individual's behavioral performance.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Which neural mechanisms enable precise volitional timing in the brain is unknown, yet accurate and precise timing is essential in every realm of life. In this study, we build on the hypothesis that neural oscillations, and their coupling across time scales, are essential for the coding and for the transmission of information in the brain. We show the presence of alpha-beta phase-amplitude coupling (α-β PAC) whose strength was associated with the temporal precision of self-generated time intervals, not with their absolute duration. α-β PAC indexes the temporal precision with which information is represented in an individual's brain. Our results link large-scale neuronal variability on the one hand, and individuals' timing precision, on the other.
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36
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Salillas E, Korostenskaja M, Kleineschay T, Mehta S, Vega A, Castillo EM. A MEG Study on the Processing of Time and Quantity: Parietal Overlap but Functional Divergence. Front Psychol 2019; 10:139. [PMID: 30778314 PMCID: PMC6369182 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A common magnitude system for the processing of time and numerosity, supported by areas in the posterior parietal cortex, has been proposed by some authors. The present study aims to investigate possible intersections between the neural processing of non-numerical (time) and numerical magnitudes in the posterior parietal lobe. Using Magnetoencephalography for the comparison of brain source activations during the processing of duration and numerosity contrasts, we demonstrate parietal overlap as well as dissociations between these two dimensions. Within the parietal cortex, the main areas of overlap were bilateral precuneus, bilateral intraparietal sulci, and right supramarginal gyrus. Interestingly, however, these regions did not equivalently correlated with the behavior for the two dimensions: left and right precuneus together with the right supramarginal gyrus accounted functionally for durational judgments, whereas numerosity judgments were accounted by the activation pattern in the right intraparietal sulcus. Present results, indeed, demonstrate an overlap between the neural substrates for processing duration and quantity. However, the functional relevance of parietal overlapping areas for each dimension is not the same. In fact, our data indicates that the same parietal sites rule differently non-numerical and numerical dimensions, as parts of broader networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Salillas
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Milena Korostenskaja
- Functional Brain Mapping and Brain Computer Interface Laboratory, Florida Hospital for Children, Orlando, FL, United States.,MEG Lab, Florida Hospital for Children, Orlando, FL, United States.,Florida Epilepsy Center, Florida Hospital, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Tara Kleineschay
- MEG Lab, Florida Hospital for Children, Orlando, FL, United States.,Florida Epilepsy Center, Florida Hospital, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Shivani Mehta
- Functional Brain Mapping and Brain Computer Interface Laboratory, Florida Hospital for Children, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Alexandra Vega
- Functional Brain Mapping and Brain Computer Interface Laboratory, Florida Hospital for Children, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Eduardo Martinez Castillo
- MEG Lab, Florida Hospital for Children, Orlando, FL, United States.,Florida Epilepsy Center, Florida Hospital, Orlando, FL, United States
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37
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Suárez-Pinilla M, Nikiforou K, Fountas Z, Seth AK, Roseboom W. Perceptual Content, Not Physiological Signals, Determines Perceived Duration When Viewing Dynamic, Natural Scenes. COLLABRA: PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1525/collabra.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural basis of time perception remains unknown. A prominent account is the pacemaker-accumulator model, wherein regular ticks of some physiological or neural pacemaker are read out as time. Putative candidates for the pacemaker have been suggested in physiological processes (heartbeat), or dopaminergic mid-brain neurons, whose activity has been associated with spontaneous blinking. However, such proposals have difficulty accounting for observations that time perception varies systematically with perceptual content. We examined physiological influences on human duration estimates for naturalistic videos between 1–64 seconds using cardiac and eye recordings. Duration estimates were biased by the amount of change in scene content. Contrary to previous claims, heart rate, and blinking were not related to duration estimates. Our results support a recent proposal that tracking change in perceptual classification networks provides a basis for human time perception, and suggest that previous assertions of the importance of physiological factors should be tempered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Suárez-Pinilla
- Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
- Department of Informatics, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | - Zafeirios Fountas
- Emotech Labs, London, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anil K. Seth
- Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
- Department of Informatics, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Warrick Roseboom
- Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
- Department of Informatics, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
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38
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Paik SH, Park CH, Kim JY, Chun JW, Choi JS, Kim DJ. Prolonged Bedtime Smartphone Use is Associated With Altered Resting-State Functional Connectivity of the Insula in Adult Smartphone Users. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:516. [PMID: 31474880 PMCID: PMC6703901 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged bedtime smartphone use is often associated with poor sleep quality and daytime dysfunction. In addition, the unstructured nature of smartphones may lead to excessive and uncontrolled use, which can be a cardinal feature of problematic smartphone use. This study was designed to investigate functional connectivity of insula, which is implicated in salience processing, interoceptive processing, and cognitive control, in association with prolonged bedtime smartphone use. We examined resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of insula in 90 adults who used smartphones by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Smartphone time in bed was measured by self-report. Prolonged bedtime smartphone use was associated with higher smartphone addiction proneness scale (SAPS) scores, but not with sleep quality. The strength of the rsFC between the left insula and right putamen, and between the right insula and left superior frontal, middle temporal, fusiform, inferior orbitofrontal gyrus and right superior temporal gyrus was positively correlated with smartphone time in bed. The findings imply that prolonged bedtime smartphone use can be an important behavioral measure of problematic smartphone use and altered insula-centered functional connectivity may be associated with it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Hyun Paik
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang-Hyun Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Young Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Won Chun
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Seok Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dai-Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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39
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Alústiza I, Garcés MS, Solanes A, Goena J, Ortuño M, Molero P, Radua J, Ortuño F. Aberrant timing and oddball detection in Schizophrenia: findings from a signed differential mapping meta-analysis. Heliyon 2018; 4:e01004. [PMID: 30582035 PMCID: PMC6287083 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e01004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is associated with deficits in both temporal and salience processing. The underlying neurological dysfunctions in both processes, which are interrelated and share neuroanatomical bases, remain poorly understood. The principal objective of this study was to elucidate whether there are any brain regions that show abnormal response during timing and oddball tasks in patients with SZ. To this end, we conducted a signed differential mapping (SDM) meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies assessing abnormal responses elicited by tasks based on the oddball paradigm in patients with SZ. We conducted a similar SDM meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies of timing tasks in SZ. Finally, we undertook a multimodal meta-analysis to detect the common findings of the two previous meta-analyses. We found that SZ patients showed hypoactivation in cortical and subcortical areas related to timing. The dysfunction observed during timing tasks partially coincided with deficiencies in change-detection functions (particularly in the case of preattentional processing in the mismatch negativity response). We hypothesize that a dysfunctional timing/change detection network underlies the cognitive impairment observed in SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Alústiza
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Navarra, Spain
- Corresponding author.
| | - María Sol Garcés
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Aleix Solanes
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalaries, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Saint Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Goena
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Marta Ortuño
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Patricio Molero
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Navarra, Spain
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Early Psychosis: Interventions & Clinical-detection (EPIC) Laboratory, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalaries, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Saint Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Felipe Ortuño
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Navarra, Spain
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40
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Ebaid D, Crewther SG. Temporal Aspects of Memory: A Comparison of Memory Performance, Processing Speed and Time Estimation Between Young and Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:352. [PMID: 30459592 PMCID: PMC6232528 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive abilities are often reported to decline across the lifespan, particularly when assessed with working memory (WM) measures such as the auditory backward digit span and complex N-back tasks. However, some debate still exists regarding which aspects of cognition are most susceptible to the aging process and which may remain intact. Additionally, time estimation, though a complex psychological dimension, is often studied in relative isolation and is particularly neglected in traditional studies of WM, with little research from the viewpoint of retrospective temporal estimation. In particular, research seldom considers whether the ability to accurately estimate time retrospectively, is correlated with performance on traditional memory and processing speed measures in healthy populations. Thus, we chose to investigate performance of comparably educated young and older adult groups on both classical memory tasks including auditory and visual digit spans, N-back, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)-based measures of processing speed (i.e., Symbol Search [SS] and Coding [Cod]) and a temporal measure of WM with a focus on retrospective time estimation. Our sample included 66 university students (58 F, 8 M) between the ages of 18-29, and 33 university-educated healthy older adults (25 F, 8 M) between the ages of 60-81. Results indicated that older adults performed significantly worse on auditory but not the visual digit span tasks, as well as on both the SS and Cod, though performed equally well on the N = 1 back task. Results also showed that retrospective time estimation was not significantly different between young and older adults, with both groups substantially underestimating duration of a simple task. Retrospective time estimation was not significantly correlated to any memory or processing speed measure, emphasizing the need for future research into the specific cognitive domains underlying the subjective estimation of a temporal interval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deena Ebaid
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sheila G Crewther
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Mella N, Bourgeois A, Perren F, Viaccoz A, Kliegel M, Picard F. Does the insula contribute to emotion-related distortion of time? A neuropsychological approach. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 40:1470-1479. [PMID: 30387890 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The literature points to a large distributed brain network involved in the estimation of time. Among these regions, the role of the insular cortex is still poorly understood. At the confluence of emotional, interoceptive, and environmental signals, this brain structure has been proposed to underlie awareness of the passage of time and emotion related time dilation. Yet, this assumption has not been tested so far. This study aimed at exploring how a lesion of the insula affects subjective duration, either in an emotional context or in a non-emotional context. Twenty-one patients with a stroke affecting the insula, either left or right, were studied for their perception of sub and supra second durations. A verbal estimation task and a temporal bisection task were used with either pure tones or neutral and emotional sounds lasting between 300 and 1500 ms and presented monaurally. Results revealed that patients with a right insular lesion, showed less temporal sensitivity than both control participants and patients with a left insular lesion. Unexpectedly, emotional effects were similar in patients and control participants. Altogether, these results suggest a specific role of the right insula in the discrimination of durations, but not in emotion related temporal distortion. In addition, an ear × emotion interaction in control participants suggests that temporal processing of positive and negative sounds may be lateralized in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Mella
- Cognitive Aging Lab, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Health Psychology Research Group, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexia Bourgeois
- Department of Neurology and Imaging of Cognition, University of Geneva and Division of Neurology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Perren
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals and Medical School of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aurélien Viaccoz
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals and Medical School of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Kliegel
- Cognitive Aging Lab, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Picard
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals and Medical School of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Neural substrates of internally-based and externally-cued timing: An activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis of fMRI studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 96:197-209. [PMID: 30316722 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A dynamic interplay exists between Internally-Based (IBT) and Externally-Cued (ECT) time processing. While IBT processes support the self-generation of context-independent temporal representations, ECT mechanisms allow constructing temporal representations primarily derived from the structure of the sensory environment. We performed an activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis on 177 fMRI experiments, from 79 articles, to identify brain areas involved in timing; two individual ALEs tested the hypothesis of a neural segregation between IBT and ECT. The general ALE highlighted a network involving supplementary motor area (SMA), intraparietal sulcus, inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), insula (INS) and basal ganglia. We found evidence of a partial dissociation between IBT and ECT. IBT relies on a subset of areas also involved in ECT, however ECT tasks activate SMA, right IFG, left precentral gyrus and INS in a significantly stronger way. Present results suggest that ECT involves the detection of environmental temporal regularities and their integration with the output of the IBT processing, to generate a representation of time which reflects the temporal metric of the environment.
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Gili T, Ciullo V, Spalletta G. Metastable States of Multiscale Brain Networks Are Keys to Crack the Timing Problem. Front Comput Neurosci 2018; 12:75. [PMID: 30254581 PMCID: PMC6141745 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2018.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of the environment where we live in and the interaction with it, predicting events, provided strong evolutionary pressures for the brain functioning to process temporal information and generate timed responses. As a result, the human brain is able to process temporal information and generate temporal patterns. Despite the clear importance of temporal processing to cognition, learning, communication and sensory, motor and emotional processing, the basal mechanisms of how animals differentiate simple intervals or provide timed responses are still under debate. The lesson we learned from the last decade of research in neuroscience is that functional and structural brain connectivity matter. Specifically, it has been accepted that the organization of the brain in interacting segregated networks enables its function. In this paper we delineate the route to a promising approach for investigating timing mechanisms. We illustrate how novel insight into timing mechanisms can come by investigating brain functioning as a multi-layer dynamical network whose clustered dynamics is bound to report the presence of metastable states. We anticipate that metastable dynamics underlie the real-time coordination necessary for the brain's dynamic functioning associated to time perception. This new point of view will help further clarifying mechanisms of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Gili
- IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, Italy.,Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Ciullo
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Division of Neuropsychiatry, Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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Na R, Bi T, Tjan BS, Liu Z, Fang F. Effect of task difficulty on blood-oxygen-level-dependent signal: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study in a motion discrimination task. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199440. [PMID: 29940043 PMCID: PMC6016936 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is much evidence that neural activity in the human brain is modulated by task difficulty, particularly in visual, frontal, and parietal cortices. However, some basic psychophysical tasks in visual perception do not give rise to this expected effect, at least not in the visual cortex. In the current study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to record brain activity while systematically manipulating task difficulty in a motion discrimination task, by varying the angular difference between the motion direction of random dots and a reference direction. We used both a blocked and an event-related design, and presented stimuli in both central and peripheral vision. The behavioral psychometric function, across angular differences of 3°, 9°, 15°, or 80°, spanned the full response range, as expected. The mean blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signals were also correlated within-participants between the blocked and event-related designs, across all brain areas tested. Within the visual cortex, the voxel response patterns correlated more within-conditions (e.g., 3° and 3°) than between-conditions (e.g., 3° and 9°), in both designs, further attesting to the reasonable quality of the BOLD data. Nevertheless, the BOLD-o-metric functions (i.e., BOLD activity as a function of task difficulty) were flat in the whole-brain and region-of-interest (ROI) analyses, including in the visual cortex, the parietal cortex, in both designs, and in foveal and peripheral visual fields alike. Indeed, there was little difference between BOLD activity during the 3° and 80° conditions. Some suggestive evidence of difficulty modulation was revealed only in the superior and inferior frontal gyri for the blocked design. We conclude that, in motion discrimination, there is no systematic BOLD modulation that accompanies the standard psychometric function across different hierarchies of cortical areas, except for the frontal lobe of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Na
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Taiyong Bi
- School of Management, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Bosco S. Tjan
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Zili Liu
- Department of Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (FF); (ZL)
| | - Fang Fang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Peking University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (FF); (ZL)
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Di Lernia D, Serino S, Pezzulo G, Pedroli E, Cipresso P, Riva G. Feel the Time. Time Perception as a Function of Interoceptive Processing. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:74. [PMID: 29559902 PMCID: PMC5845687 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The nature of time is rooted in our body. Constellations of impulses arising from the flesh constantly create our interoceptive perception and, in turn, the unfolding of these perceptions defines human awareness of time. This study explored the connection between time perception and interoception and proposes the Interoceptive Buffer saturation (IBs) index. IBs evaluates subjects’ ability to process salient stimuli from the body by measuring subjective distortions of interoceptive time perception, i.e., the estimated duration of tactile interoceptive stimulations. Thirty female healthy subjects were recruited through consecutive sampling and assessed for common variables related to interoceptive alterations: depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory, BDI-II), eating disorders (EDI-3) risk, and anxiety levels (State Trait Anxiety Inventory, STAI). Interoceptive cardiac accuracy (IAc) was assessed as well. Subjects performed verbal time estimation of interoceptive stimuli (IBs) delivered using a specifically designed interoceptive tactile stimulator, as well as verbal time estimation of visual and auditory stimuli. Results showed that IBs index positively correlated with IAc, and negatively with EDI-3 Drive for Thinness (DT) risk subscale. Moreover, IBs index was positively predicted by IAc, and negatively predicted by DT and somatic factors of depression. Our results suggest that underestimations in interoceptive time perception are connected to different psychological conditions characterized by a diminished processing of high salience stimuli from the body. Conversely, overestimations of the duration of interoceptive stimuli appear to be function of subjects’ ability to correctly perceive their own bodily information. Evidence supported IBs index, fostering the concept of interoceptive treatments for clinical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Di Lernia
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Serino
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy.,Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pezzulo
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Pedroli
- Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Cipresso
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy.,Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Riva
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy.,Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
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Alústiza I, Radua J, Pla M, Martin R, Ortuño F. Meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of timing and cognitive control in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: Evidence of a primary time deficit. Schizophr Res 2017; 188:21-32. [PMID: 28169089 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) and Bipolar Disorder (BD) are associated with deficits in both timing and cognitive control functions. However, the underlying neurological dysfunctions remain poorly understood. The main goal of this study was to identify brain structures activated both by increases in cognitive activity and during timing tasks in patients with SZ and BD relative to controls. We conducted two signed differential mapping (SDM) meta-analyses of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies assessing the brain response to increasing levels of cognitive difficulty: one concerned SZ, and the other BD patients. We conducted a similar SDM meta-analysis on neuroimaging of timing in SZ (no studies in BD could be included). Finally, we carried out a multimodal meta-analysis to identify common brain regions in the findings of the two previous meta-analyses. We found that SZ patients showed hypoactivation in timing-related cortical-subcortical areas. The dysfunction observed during timing partially coincided with deficits for cognitive control functions. We hypothesize that a dysfunctional temporal/cognitive control network underlies the persistent cognitive impairment observed in SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Alústiza
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Navarra, Spain.
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalaries, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Pla
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Navarra, Spain
| | - Raquel Martin
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Navarra, Spain
| | - Felipe Ortuño
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Navarra, Spain
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47
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Spatiotemporal brain dynamics of auditory temporal assimilation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11400. [PMID: 28900289 PMCID: PMC5595862 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11631-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Time is a fundamental dimension, but millisecond-level judgments sometimes lead to perceptual illusions. We previously introduced a “time-shrinking illusion” using a psychological paradigm that induces auditory temporal assimilation (ATA). In ATA, the duration of two successive intervals (T1 and T2), marked by three auditory stimuli, can be perceived as equal when they are not. Here, we investigate the spatiotemporal profile of human temporal judgments using magnetoencephalography (MEG). Behavioural results showed typical ATA: participants judged T1 and T2 as equal when T2 − T1 ≤ +80 ms. MEG source-localisation analysis demonstrated that regional activity differences between judgment and no-judgment conditions emerged in the temporoparietal junction (TPJ) during T2. This observation in the TPJ may indicate its involvement in the encoding process when T1 ≠ T2. Activation in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) was enhanced irrespective of the stimulus patterns when participants engaged in temporal judgment. Furthermore, just after the final marker, activity in the IFG was enhanced specifically for the time-shrinking pattern. This indicates that activity in the IFG is also related to the illusory perception of time-interval equality. Based on these observations, we propose neural signatures for judgments of temporal equality in the human brain.
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Abstract
The dynamics of noxious sensation shapes pain perception, yet the memory of the temporal dimension of pain remains almost completely unexplored. Here, brain activity during the memory of pain duration was contrasted with that associated with the memory of pain intensity using functional magnetic resonance imaging and a delayed reproduction task. Participants encoded, maintained during a short delay, and reproduced (1) the "duration" of pain (ie, onset-to-offset), (2) the "dynamics" of pain (ie, evolution of pain over time), or (3) the intensity of pain (ie, control with no explicit temporal processing required). Results show that the inferior frontal gyrus/insula and adjacent striatal structures as well as the supramarginal and middle temporal gyri are activated in the duration task compared to the control intensity task. Specific examination of the memory delay of the duration task further revealed activation in the supramarginal gyrus extending to the parietal operculum (possibly SII) and primary somatosensory cortex (SI). In contrast, the memory delay of the dynamic task involved the bilateral supplementary motor area and the frontoparietal attentional network. Although SI, SII, and insula may contribute to the memory trace of pain sensation, other areas less commonly reported in pain studies are associated with time processing and may therefore contribute to the processing of temporal aspects of pain. Results further suggest a differential role of core timing regions of the brain depending on specific task instructions and attentional allocations to the single dimension of time, as compared to the joint processing of both time and intensity.
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49
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Costa-Faidella J, Sussman ES, Escera C. Selective entrainment of brain oscillations drives auditory perceptual organization. Neuroimage 2017; 159:195-206. [PMID: 28757195 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Perceptual sound organization supports our ability to make sense of the complex acoustic environment, to understand speech and to enjoy music. However, the neuronal mechanisms underlying the subjective experience of perceiving univocal auditory patterns that can be listened to, despite hearing all sounds in a scene, are poorly understood. We hereby investigated the manner in which competing sound organizations are simultaneously represented by specific brain activity patterns and the way attention and task demands prime the internal model generating the current percept. Using a selective attention task on ambiguous auditory stimulation coupled with EEG recordings, we found that the phase of low-frequency oscillatory activity dynamically tracks multiple sound organizations concurrently. However, whereas the representation of ignored sound patterns is circumscribed to auditory regions, large-scale oscillatory entrainment in auditory, sensory-motor and executive-control network areas reflects the active perceptual organization, thereby giving rise to the subjective experience of a unitary percept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Costa-Faidella
- Brainlab - Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, 08035, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08035, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Elyse S Sussman
- Departments of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA; Otorhinolaryngology-HNS, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Carles Escera
- Brainlab - Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, 08035, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08035, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain.
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50
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Shigemune Y, Tsukiura T, Nouchi R, Kambara T, Kawashima R. Neural mechanisms underlying the reward-related enhancement of motivation when remembering episodic memories with high difficulty. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:3428-3443. [PMID: 28374960 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The motivation to receive rewards enhances episodic memories, and the motivation is modulated by task difficulty. In episodic retrieval, however, functional neuroimaging evidence regarding the motivation that mediates interactions between reward and task difficulty is scarce. The present fMRI study investigated this issue. During encoding performed without fMRI, participants encoded Japanese words using either deep or shallow strategies, which led to variation in difficulty level during subsequent retrieval. During retrieval with fMRI, participants recognized the target words in either high or low monetary reward conditions. In the behavioral results, a reward-related enhancement of memory was found only when the memory retrieval was difficult, and the rewarding effect on subjective motivation was greater in the retrieval of memories with high difficulty than those with low difficulty. The fMRI data showed that reward-related increases in the activation of the substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area (SN/VTA), medial temporal lobe (MTL), dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) were greater during the retrieval of memories with high difficulty than those with low difficulty. Furthermore, reward-related enhancement of functional connectivity between the SN/VTA and MTL and between the SN/VTA and dmPFC during the retrieval of memories with high difficulty was significantly correlated with reward-related increases of retrieval accuracy and subjective motivation. The reward-related enhancement of episodic retrieval and retrieval-related motivation could be most effective when the level of retrieval difficulty is optimized. Such reward-related enhancement of memory and motivation could be modulated by a network including the reward-related SN/VTA, motivation-related dmPFC, and memory-related MTL. Hum Brain Mapp 38:3428-3443, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayoi Shigemune
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.,Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Tsukiura
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.,Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Rui Nouchi
- Creative Interdisciplinary Research Division, Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science (FRIS), Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.,Smart Ageing International Research Center (SAIRAC), Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.,Human and Social Response Research Division, International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS), Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Toshimune Kambara
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.,Smart Ageing International Research Center (SAIRAC), Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
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