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Guo Y, Gan J, Li Y. The effect of impulsive personality traits on prospective memory under different task importance conditions. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:318. [PMID: 38816781 PMCID: PMC11141011 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01815-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prospective memory (PM) refers to the ability to perform planned activities in the appropriate future situations. It needs to be planned in advance and processed through multiple stages such as encoding, retention, retrieval, and execution, which usually require more attention resources. Impulsivity trait individuals are usually characterized by lack of consideration, premature expression, excessive risk-taking and easy to make inappropriate reaction, so they are more likely to show disadvantages in PM. Nevertheless, increasing the importance of PM tasks can promote more adequate and effective cue encoding, and encourage individuals to devote attention to PM tasks, which may change the disadvantage of impulsivity individuals in PM performance. METHODS In this study, the between-subjects design of 2 (trait type: high-impulsivity trait, low-impulsivity trait) ×2 (task importance: important, unimportant) was adopted in the experiment, the 2-back task was used for the ongoing task, and the focal cues were used for the PM task cues. RESULTS The results showed that the PM accuracy of high-impulsivity trait individuals was lower than that of low-impulsivity trait individuals under the task unimportant condition, but there was no difference between the two traits groups under the task important condition. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggested that high-impulsivity trait individuals had a deficit in PM performance, but emphasizing the importance of PM tasks can compensate for their disadvantage in PM performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Guo
- Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jiaqun Gan
- Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yongxin Li
- Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
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2
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Guo Y, Gan J, Li Y. The effect of verbal praise on prospective memory. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2024; 88:880-891. [PMID: 38282131 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-023-01920-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Verbal praise is often used to improve prospective memory performance in daily life. According to the motivation cognitive model, the promotional effect of verbal praise on prospective memory may depend largely on redeploying attentional resources, so its promotional effect is likely to be influenced by attention. Two groups of college students (n = 128, n = 117) participated in two experimental studies that examined this hypothesis. Experiment 1 manipulated attention load by changing the difficulty of the ongoing tasks to focus on the effect of verbal praise on prospective memory under different attention load conditions. The results showed that verbal praise promoted prospective memory performance under both attentional load conditions (low, high), but verbal praise mainly promoted the prospective component when the attentional load was low, meanwhile, verbal praise mainly promoted the retrospective component when the attention load was high. Experiment 2 altered the dependence of prospective memory tasks on attentional resources by manipulating the cue focality, further exploring the promotional effect of verbal praise on prospective memory with different types of cues under the low attention load condition. The results showed that verbal praise only promoted prospective memory when non-focal cues were used. The results of this study partially verified the motivation cognitive model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Guo
- Faculty of Education, Henan University, Jinming Road, Longting District, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jiaqun Gan
- Faculty of Education, Henan University, Jinming Road, Longting District, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yongxin Li
- Faculty of Education, Henan University, Jinming Road, Longting District, Kaifeng, China.
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Villafane Barraza V, Voegtle A, de Matos Mansur B, Reichert C, Nasuto SJ, Sweeney-Reed CM. Parietal cortical alpha/beta suppression during prospective memory retrieval. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:11235-11246. [PMID: 37804246 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Prospective memory (PM) impairment is among the most frequent memory complaints, yet little is known about the underlying neural mechanisms. PM for a planned intention may be achieved through strategic monitoring of the environment for cues, involving ongoing attentional processes, or through spontaneous retrieval. We hypothesized that parietal spectral power modulation accompanies prospectively encoded intention retrieval, irrespective of PM retrieval approach. A cognitively engaging arithmetic-based ongoing task (OGT) was employed to encourage spontaneous retrieval, with a focal, internally generated PM cue to eliminate OGT/PM trial differentiation based on perceptual or conceptual PM cue features. Two PM repetition frequencies were used to vary the extent of strategic monitoring. We observed a transient parietal alpha/beta spectral power reduction directly preceding the response, which was distinguishable on a single trial basis, as revealed by an OGT/PM trial classification rate exceeding 70% using linear discriminant analysis. The alpha/beta idling rhythm reflects cortical inhibition. A disengagement of task-relevant neural assemblies from this rhythm, reflected in alpha/beta power reduction, is deemed to increase information content, facilitate information integration, and enable engagement of neural assemblies in task-related cortical networks. The observed power reduction is consistent with the Dual Pathways model, where PM strategies converge at the PM retrieval stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Villafane Barraza
- Neurocybernetics and Rehabilitation, Department of Neurology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Angela Voegtle
- Neurocybernetics and Rehabilitation, Department of Neurology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Bruno de Matos Mansur
- Neurocybernetics and Rehabilitation, Department of Neurology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Reichert
- Department of Behavioral Neurology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Slawomir J Nasuto
- Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering Division, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine M Sweeney-Reed
- Neurocybernetics and Rehabilitation, Department of Neurology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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Yu H, Gao J, Chang RSK, Mak W, Thach TQ, Cheung RTF. Inhibitory dysfunction may cause prospective memory impairment in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients: an event-related potential study. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1006744. [PMID: 37565055 PMCID: PMC10410078 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1006744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prospective memory (PM) is the ability to remember future intentions, and PM function is closely related to independence in daily life, particularly in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). As PM involves various cognitive components of attention, working memory, inhibition and other executive functions, this study investigated how TLE may affect PM components and the underlying neural mechanisms. Methods Sixty-four subjects were recruited, including 20 refractory TLE patients, 18 well-controlled TLE patients and 26 age-matched healthy controls. A set of neuropsychological tests was administered to assess specific brain functions. An event-related potential (ERP) task was used to further explore how PM and its components would be differentially affected in the two TLE types. Results Our findings revealed that: (1) refractory TLE patients scored lower than the healthy controls in the digit span, Verbal Fluency Test and Symbol Digit Modalities Test; (2) refractory TLE patients exhibited impaired PM performance and reduced prospective positivity amplitudes over the frontal, central and parietal regions in ERP experiments when compared to the healthy controls; and (3) decreased P3 amplitudes in the nogo trials were observed over the frontal-central sites in refractory but not in well-controlled TLE patients. Discussion To our knowledge, this is the first ERP study on PM that has specifically identified PM impairment in refractory but not in well-controlled TLE patients. Our finding of double dissociation in PM components suggests that inhibition dysfunction may be the main reason for PM deficit in refractory TLE patients. The present results have clinical implications for neuropsychological rehabilitation in TLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemei Yu
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Junling Gao
- Centre of Buddhist Studies, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Richard Shek-Kwan Chang
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Windsor Mak
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Thuan-Quoc Thach
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Raymond Tak Fai Cheung
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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5
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Individual differences in everyday multitasking behavior and its relation to cognition and personality. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2023; 87:655-685. [PMID: 35788902 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-022-01700-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Our ability to multitask-focus on multiple tasks simultaneously-is one of the most critical functions of our cognitive system. This capability has shown to have relations to cognition and personality in empirical studies, which have received much attention recently. This review article integrates the available findings to examine how individual differences in multitasking behavior are linked with different cognitive constructs and personality traits to conceptualize what multitasking behavior represents. In this review, we highlight the methodological differences and theoretical conceptions. Cognitive constructs including executive functions (i.e., shifting, updating, and inhibition), working memory, relational integration, divided attention, reasoning, and prospective memory were investigated. Concerning personality, the traits of polychronicity, impulsivity, and the five-factor model were considered. A total of 43 studies met the inclusion criteria and entered the review. The research synthesis directs us to propose two new conceptual models to explain multitasking behavior as a psychometric construct. The first model demonstrates that individual differences in multitasking behavior can be explained by cognitive abilities. The second model proposes that personality traits constitute a moderating effect on the relation between multitasking behavior and cognition. Finally, we provide possible future directions for the line of research.
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ERP and Behavioural Correlates of Prospective Memory in Bilinguals during L1 and L2 Processing. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13020365. [PMID: 36831908 PMCID: PMC9954734 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13020365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Language influences how we process information from multiple domains. Thus, working in first (L1) or second language (L2) can modulate bilinguals' performance on basic activities, such as visual search, decision-making, or reading. However, few studies have explored the role of L1 and L2 processing during an essential ability, such as Prospective Memory (PM). This type of memory allows us to set intentions to perform in the future (e.g., to attend an appointment). Thus, this is a novel study that allows us to explore the influence of bilingual language processing on certain cognitive abilities, which have not been deeply studied yet, such as the recall of future intentions. Thereby, this study aimed to explore the neural and behavioural correlates of bilinguals during L1 and L2 processing in a PM task where participants had to carry out an ongoing task while recovering a prospective intention given a PM cue. Importantly, the nature of the PM cue (focal or non-focal) varied the monitoring demands of the task. Behavioural and Event-Related Potential (ERP) results indicated greater engagement of monitoring processes in the PM task during L2 processing. Specifically, in L2, we found lower accuracy rates in the ongoing task and smaller amplitude differences between the focal and non-focal conditions in the P3b. Altogether, these findings suggest an impairment in prospective processing due to working in L2 contexts, supporting previous research on the impact of the bilingual experience over PM.
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Redžepagić Š, Ladas AI. Prospective Memory, Sustained Attention and Response Inhibition in Poly-Substance Users Stable on Methadone Maintenance Treatment. Subst Use Misuse 2023; 58:397-405. [PMID: 36645818 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2165410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background: Prospective memory and response inhibition are interrelated constructs, though studied separately in the drug addiction literature. Also, although sustained attention underlies response inhibition, its role in the relation between these functions has been largely neglected. The limited research on the cognitive effects of methadone-maintenance treatment (MMT) further stresses the importance of investigating these effects. Objective: Therefore, the current study focused on possible effects of MMT combined with long-term drug abuse on all these functions. Thirty five long term opiate/poly-substance users in MMT and thirty four drug-free controls were screened for socioeconomic status, anxiety, depression and general, non-verbal intelligence and then tested on a self-report measure of prospective memory and on the Go/No-Go task. Results: Compared to controls, the MMT group scored worse in all functions assessed. Prospective memory scores were also negatively related to Go/NoGo accuracy scores. Conclusion: As predicted, (a) the MMT participants show impairments in prospective memory, sustained attention and response inhibition and (b) prospective memory, response inhibition and sustained attention are related constructs. The results of this study could inform current rehabilitation and relapse prevention cognitive training practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Š Redžepagić
- Psychology Department, Sheffield University's International Faculty CITY College, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A I Ladas
- Psychology Department, CITY College, University of York Europe Campus, Thessaloniki, Greece
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El Haj M, Moustafa AA, Robin F. “Remember to take your medication”: Prospective memory in Korsakoff’s syndrome. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2022; 44:272-280. [DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2022.2110574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Nantes, France
- Clinical Gerontology Department, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Ahmed A. Moustafa
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Society and Design, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Frédérique Robin
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Nantes, France
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Ji L, Zhao Q, Zhang Y, Wan J, Yu Y, Zhao J, Li X. Event-Related Brain Potential Correlates of Event-Based Prospective Memory in Children With Learning Disability. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:898536. [PMID: 35815023 PMCID: PMC9256924 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.898536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prospective memory (PM) has been reported to be impaired in children with learning disabilities (LD), but few studies have examined the underlying neural mechanism of this impairment. To address this issue, the present study applied ERP technique to explore the difference of event-based prospective memory (EBPM) in 21 children with LD and 20 non-LD children with double task paradigm. Results from behavioral data showed that LD children exhibited lower accuracy than non-LD children. The ERP results showed that the two groups displayed significant difference in the ERP components, with longer N300 latency in LD group, but there was no obvious difference found in the prospective positivity component. The present findings seem to indicate that the poor performance of LD children on PM task might be result from deficits in PM cues detection. These results provided evidence for the existence of altered PM processing in LD children, which was characterized by a selective deficit in cues detection of PM. Therefore, these findings shed new light on the neurophysiological processes underlying PM in children with LD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Ji
- Institute of Behavior and Psychology, School of Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Yafei Zhang
- Institute of Behavior and Psychology, School of Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jiaojiao Wan
- Institute of Behavior and Psychology, School of Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yifan Yu
- Institute of Behavior and Psychology, School of Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Junfeng Zhao
- Institute of Behavior and Psychology, School of Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
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Horne KS, Gibson EC, Byrne J, Bender JR, Robinson GA. Post-stroke apathy: A case series investigation of neuropsychological and lesion characteristics. Neuropsychologia 2022; 171:108244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Cejudo AB, López-Rojas C, Gómez-Ariza CJ, Bajo MT. ERP Correlates of Prospective Memory and Cue Focality in Children. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12050533. [PMID: 35624918 PMCID: PMC9138550 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12050533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prospective memory (PM) is essential in the everyday activities of children because it involves remembering intentions for the future, such as doing their homework or bringing written parental permissions to school. Developmental studies have shown increases in PM performance throughout childhood, but the specific processes underlying this development are still under debate. In the present study, event-related potentials were used to examine whether the focality of the PM task is related to the PM increments by testing two groups of children (first and last cycle of primary school) and assessing differences in N300 (cue detection), frontal positivity (switching), parietal positivity (retrieval of the intention) and frontal slow waves (monitoring of the retrieved intention). The results showed significant differences in focality in the group of older children but no differences in any of the components for their younger counterparts. In addition, the differences between prospective and ongoing trials were smaller for younger than older children. These findings suggest that the ability to adjust attentional strategies, monitor, switch and retrieve the intention develops across childhood and affects PM performance in attentionally demanding conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B. Cejudo
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Research Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain; (C.L.-R.); (M.T.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Cristina López-Rojas
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Research Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain; (C.L.-R.); (M.T.B.)
| | | | - María Teresa Bajo
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Research Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain; (C.L.-R.); (M.T.B.)
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Ren Z, Liang X, Sun F, Wang L. The effect of EF on PM performance in school-age children. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/17405629.2022.2049752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Ren
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Fanhui Sun
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Distinct monitoring strategies underlie costs and performance in prospective memory. Mem Cognit 2022; 50:1772-1788. [PMID: 35386055 PMCID: PMC9768009 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-022-01275-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Prospective memory (PM) describes the ability to remember to perform goal-relevant actions at an appropriate time in the future amid concurrent demands. A key contributor to PM performance is thought to be the effortful monitoring of the environment for PM-related cues, a process whose existence is typically inferred from a behavioral interference measure of reaction times. This measure, referred to as "PM costs," is an informative but indirect proxy for monitoring, and it may not be sufficient to understand PM behaviors in all situations. In this study, we asked participants to perform a visual search task with arrows that varied in difficulty while concurrently performing a delayed-recognition PM task with pictures of faces and scenes. To gain a precise measurement of monitoring behavior, we used eye-tracking to record fixations to all task-relevant stimuli and related these fixation measures to both PM costs and PM accuracy. We found that PM costs reflected dissociable monitoring strategies: higher costs were associated with early and frequent monitoring while lower costs were associated with delayed and infrequent monitoring. Moreover, the link between fixations and PM costs varied with cognitive load, and the inclusion of fixation data yielded better predictions of PM accuracy than using PM costs alone. This study demonstrates the benefit of eye-tracking to disentangle the nature of PM costs and more precisely describe strategies involved in prospective remembering.
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Abstract
Prospective memory (PM) supports the planning and execution of future activities, and is particularly important in applied settings. We investigate a new response method that aims to improve PM accuracy by integrating the responses to an occasional PM task and a routine ongoing lexical-decision task. Instead of the most common three-choice method where the PM response replaces the ongoing response, participants were obligated to make explicit PM (present vs. absent) and ongoing (word vs. non-word) classifications on every trial through a four-choice response. Although replacement and obligatory responses were initially similar in PM accuracy, an advantage emerged with practice for the new obligatory method that was not simply due to slower responding associated with making four versus three choices. The nature of the errors differed between methods, with obligatory responding being characterised by fast PM errors and replacement by slower errors, suggesting avenues for further potential improvements in PM accuracy.
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Liu S, Wang X, Ma J, Wang K, Wang Z, Li J, Chen J, Zhan H, Wu W. Effect of Low-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Executive Function and Its Neural Mechanism: An Event-Related Potential Study. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:701560. [PMID: 34776839 PMCID: PMC8580383 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.701560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Executive function refers to the conscious control of thinking and behavior in psychological process. Executive dysfunction widely exists in a variety of neuropsychiatric diseases, and is closely related to the decline of daily living ability and function. This study intends to explore the effect of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on executive function and its neural mechanism by using event-related potential (ERP), so as to provide basis for further study on the relationship between cerebral cortex and executive function. Methods: Task switching paradigm was used to study the cognitive flexibility in executive function. Thirty-one healthy subjects were randomly assigned to receive rTMS stimulations (1 Hz rTMS or sham rTMS) to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) twice. The switching task and the electroencephalography EEG recordings were performed before (pre-rTMS/pre-sham rTMS) and immediately after the end of the rTMS application (post-rTMS/post-sham rTMS). Results: The analysis of RTs showed that the main effects of switching and time were statistically significant. Further analysis revealed that the RT of rTMS stimulation was longer than sham rTMS at post-stimulation. ERP analysis showed that there was a significant switching effect in frontal and central scalp location, and the P2 amplitude in switch trials was greater than that in non-switch trials. At post-stimulation, the N2 amplitude of rTMS is more negative than that of sham rTMS at non-switch trials, whereas no such difference was found at switch trials. The P3 amplitude and LPC amplitude are significantly reduced by rTMS at post-stimulation. Conclusion: Low-frequency rTMS of the left DLPFC can cause decline of cognitive flexibility in executive function, resulting in the change of N2 amplitude and the decrease of P3 and LPC components during task switching, which is of positive significance for the evaluation and treatment of executive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sishi Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Rehabilitation Medical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianglong Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Rehabilitation Medical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junqin Ma
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kangling Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiali Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongrui Zhan
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Wen Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Rehabilitation Medical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Krasich K, Gjorgieva E, Murray S, Bhatia S, Faber M, De Brigard F, Woldorff MG. The Impact of Error-Consequence Severity on Cue Processing in Importance-Biased Prospective Memory. Cereb Cortex Commun 2021; 2:tgab056. [PMID: 34676368 PMCID: PMC8527855 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgab056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Prospective memory (PM) enables people to remember to complete important tasks in the future. Failing to do so can result in consequences of varying severity. Here, we investigated how PM error-consequence severity impacts the neural processing of relevant cues for triggering PM and the ramification of that processing on the associated prospective task performance. Participants role-played a cafeteria worker serving lunches to fictitious students and had to remember to deliver an alternative lunch to students (as PM cues) who would otherwise experience a moderate or severe aversive reaction. Scalp-recorded, event-related potential (ERP) measures showed that the early-latency frontal positivity, reflecting the perception-based neural responses to previously learned stimuli, did not differ between the severe versus moderate PM cues. In contrast, the longer-latency parietal positivity, thought to reflect full PM cue recognition and post-retrieval processes, was elicited earlier by the severe than the moderate PM cues. This faster instantiation of the parietal positivity to the severe-consequence PM cues was then followed by faster and more accurate behavioral responses. These findings indicate how the relative importance of a PM can be neurally instantiated in the form of enhanced and faster PM-cue recognition and processing and culminate into better PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Krasich
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Eva Gjorgieva
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Samuel Murray
- Dept. of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Shreya Bhatia
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Myrthe Faber
- Dept. of Communication and Cognition, Tilburg School of Humanities and Digital Sciences, Tilburg University, 5037 AB Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Felipe De Brigard
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Marty G Woldorff
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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17
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Hockey A, Cutmore T. Inhibitory control in prospective memory: An event related potential comparison of task-switch and dual task processing. Neuropsychologia 2021; 158:107906. [PMID: 34058173 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study cross-validates reported changes in behavioural and event-related potential (ERP) correlates of prospective memory (PM) inhibitory control performance applying different PM response selection demands (Bisiacchi et al., 2009). Participants were randomly assigned to a control group condition with no PM requirement, or to either inhibit ongoing task processing to respond to PM task cues (task-switch; TS) or provide an ongoing task response prior to providing a PM button press (dual-task; DT). The behavioural data indicated that ongoing task reaction time (RT) performance was similar in the DT, TS, and control group conditions. PM cue detection mechanisms reflected by the N300 did not differ between PM tasks. However, early occurring (400-700 ms) PM late parietal complex (LPC) amplitudes recorded over anterior electrode sites were larger in the TS compared to the DT-PM condition, and this difference persisted during the 700-1000 ms epoch. Thus, ERP correlates of PM task-set remapping were significantly altered via the induction of different PM response production rules retrieved from retrospective memory (RM). The enhancement of anteriorly distributed TS LPC amplitudes between 400 and 700 ms led to the suggestion that increased inhibition in this group condition was accompanied by heightened frontally mediated neural activations that support prepotent ongoing task response inhibition processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hockey
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Building M24, 176 Messines Ridge Rd, Mount Gravatt, QLD, 4122, Australia.
| | - T Cutmore
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Building M24, 176 Messines Ridge Rd, Mount Gravatt, QLD, 4122, Australia
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18
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Laera G, Arcara G, Gajewski PD, Kliegel M, Hering A. Age-related modulation of EEG time-frequency responses in prospective memory retrieval. Neuropsychologia 2021; 155:107818. [PMID: 33675856 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prospective memory involves remembering to execute an intention at the appropriate moment (prospective component) as well as retrieving the intended action (retrospective component). Several electrophysiological studies showed that neural activity associated with the prospective and the retrospective component differed between older and younger adults. However, these studies mainly reported event-related potentials (ERP), without considering other oscillatory parameters of age-related neural modulations that might be associated with the two components. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we analysed electrophysiological data to describe the age-related patterns of brain oscillations associated with the prospective and the retrospective components of prospective memory. METHODS The prospective and the retrospective components were manipulated in two experiments. In experiment 1, the prospective component was manipulated by varying the cue distinctiveness (i.e., how easy it was to detect the cue based on colour). In experiment 2, the retrospective component was manipulated by varying the number of intentions to be remembered (i.e., one or two intentions). We used time-frequency analysis to characterise the EEG oscillatory activity in younger and older adults. RESULTS The prospective component was associated with age differences in alpha and beta frequency bands. Compared to younger adults, older adults showed a decrease of parietal alpha activity when they detected distinct prospective memory cues, and a decrease of parietal beta when they detected less distinct cues. Moreover, older adults showed less beta activity compared to the younger adults across experimental manipulations. No age differences emerged with respect to the retrospective component. CONCLUSIONS The specific pattern of oscillatory activity associated with the prospective component in older adults could underlie the dynamic deployment of different attentional resources supporting cue detection. Moreover, beta activity in both experiments might support an attempt exerted by older adults to enhance task coordination processes. Overall, cluster-based permutation analyses provided a first description of the changes of the EEG time-frequency responses related to intention retrieval in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianvito Laera
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland; Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research: LIVES - Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives', Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland.
| | | | - Patrick D Gajewski
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Matthias Kliegel
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland; Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research: LIVES - Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives', Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Hering
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland; Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
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19
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Hartwig J, Kretschmer-Trendowicz A, Helmert JR, Jung ML, Pannasch S. Revealing the dynamics of prospective memory processes in children with eye movements. Int J Psychophysiol 2021; 160:38-55. [PMID: 33387575 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prospective memory (PM), the memory for delayed intentions, develops during childhood. The current study examined PM processes, such as monitoring, PM cue identification and intention retrieval with particular focus on their temporal dynamics and interrelations during successful and unsuccessful PM performance. We analysed eye movements of 6-7 and 9-10 year olds during the inspection of movie stills while they completed one of three different tasks: scene viewing followed by a snippet allocation task, a PM task and a visual search task. We also tested children's executive functions of inhibition, flexibility and working memory. We found that older children outperformed younger children in all tasks but neither age group showed variations in monitoring behaviour during the course of the PM task. In fact, neither age group monitored. According to our data, initial processes necessary for PM success take place during the first fixation on the PM cue. In PM hit trials we found prolonged fixations after the first fixation on the PM cue, and older children showed a greater efficiency in PM processes following this first PM cue fixation. Regarding executive functions, only working memory had a significant effect on children's PM performance. Across both age groups children with better working memory scores needed less time to react to the PM cue. Our data support the notion that children rely on spontaneous processes to notice the PM cue, followed by a resource intensive search for the intended action.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hartwig
- Chair of Engineering Psychology and Applied Cognitive Research, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 17, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - A Kretschmer-Trendowicz
- Chair of Lifespan Developmental Neuroscience, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 17, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - J R Helmert
- Chair of Engineering Psychology and Applied Cognitive Research, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 17, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - M L Jung
- Chair of Engineering Psychology and Applied Cognitive Research, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 17, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - S Pannasch
- Chair of Engineering Psychology and Applied Cognitive Research, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 17, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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20
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Kretschmer-Trendowicz A, Kliegel M, Goschke T, Altgassen M. ‘If-then’ but when? Effects of implementation intentions on children’s and adolescents’ prospective memory. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cogdev.2020.100998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Morand A, Segobin S, Lecouvey G, Gonneaud J, Eustache F, Rauchs G, Desgranges B. Brain Substrates of Time-Based Prospective Memory Decline in Aging: A Voxel-Based Morphometry and Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:396-409. [PMID: 32935836 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-based prospective memory (TBPM) allows us to remember to perform intended actions at a specific time in the future. TBPM is sensitive to the effects of age, but the neural substrates of this decline are still poorly understood. The aim of the present study was thus to better characterize the brain substrates of the age-related decline in TBPM, focusing on macrostructural gray matter and microstructural white matter integrity. We administered a TBPM task to 22 healthy young (26 ± 5.2 years) and 23 older (63 ± 5.9 years) participants, who also underwent volumetric magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging scans. Neuroimaging analyses revealed lower gray matter volumes in several brain areas in older participants, but these did not correlate with TBPM performance. By contrast, an age-related decline in fractional anisotropy in several white-matter tracts connecting frontal and occipital regions did correlate with TBPM performance, whereas there was no significant correlation in healthy young subjects. According to the literature, these tracts are connected to the anterior prefrontal cortex and the thalamus, 2 structures involved in TBPM. These results confirm the view that a disconnection process occurs in aging and contributes to cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Grégory Lecouvey
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, PSL Université Paris, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Julie Gonneaud
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, PSL Université Paris, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Francis Eustache
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, PSL Université Paris, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Géraldine Rauchs
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, PSL Université Paris, 14000 Caen, France
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22
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Pereira DR, Albuquerque PB, Santos FH. Event‐based prospective remembering in task switching conditions: Exploring the effects of immediate and postponed responses in cue detection. AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ajpy.12174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana R. Pereira
- Neuropsychophysiology Lab, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal,
| | - Pedro B. Albuquerque
- Human Cognition Lab, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal,
| | - Flávia H. Santos
- Human Cognition Lab, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal,
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, Post‐graduation Program in Developmental Psychology and Learning, UNESP, São Paulo State University, Bauru, Brazil,
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23
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Scalici F, Carlesimo GA, Santangelo V, Barban F, Macaluso E, Caltagirone C, Costa A. Does Cue Focality Modulate Age-related Performance in Prospective Memory? An fMRI Investigation. Exp Aging Res 2020; 47:1-20. [DOI: 10.1080/0361073x.2020.1839310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Scalici
- Laboratory of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Augusto Carlesimo
- Laboratory of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Santangelo
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences & Education, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Barban
- Laboratory of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Emiliano Macaluso
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- ImpAct Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France
| | - Carlo Caltagirone
- Laboratory of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Costa
- Laboratory of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Psychology Department, Niccolò Cusano University, Rome, Italy
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24
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Badets A, Duville M, Osiurak F. Tool-number interaction during a prospective memory task. Cogn Process 2020; 21:501-508. [PMID: 32601997 DOI: 10.1007/s10339-020-00983-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical views suggest that tool use and numerical magnitude processing can interact during prospective actions. For example, if a person intends to make a meal for several persons the next week, she/he will have to keep in mind during the homework-week large dish and large food portions for this event. Here, the magnitude 'large' can influence the future choice for large dishes and other related large tools. This study presents the first empirical evidence supporting this hypothesis. During a prospective memory task that implied to keep in mind a future action, participants were required to use a tool after processing Arabic numbers. Small (less than 5) and large (more than 5) magnitudes were employed as cues for the initiation of the tool-use task, which required participants to use inverse pliers with a small or a large object, but only for some prospective trials. The inverse pliers were used to dissociate the hand action from the tool action with the object (for example, opening the hand produced the closing action of the tool). The results revealed that during prospective trials, number processing interacted only with the tool action toward the object and not with the hand action. Specifically, after the processing of large magnitudes, the initiation of the closing action of the tool (i.e. the opening action of the hand) was reduced. This finding is discussed in the light of theories on the emergence of semantics through tool actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Badets
- CNRS, INCIA - Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine (UMR 5287), Université de Bordeaux, Bât. 2A- 2ème étage, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux Cedex, France.
| | - Mathilde Duville
- CNRS, INCIA - Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine (UMR 5287), Université de Bordeaux, Bât. 2A- 2ème étage, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - François Osiurak
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Mécanismes Cognitifs (EA 3082), Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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25
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Girardeau JC, Blondé P, Makowski D, Abram M, Piolino P, Sperduti M. The impact of state and dispositional mindfulness on prospective memory: A virtual reality study. Conscious Cogn 2020; 81:102920. [PMID: 32305659 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2020.102920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Prospective memory (PM) consists of remembering to perform an action that was previously planned. The recovery and execution of these actions require attentional resources. Mindfulness, as a state or a dispositional trait, has been associated with better attentional abilities while mind wandering is linked with attentional failures. In this study, we investigated the impact of mindfulness on PM. Eighty participants learned 15 cue-action associations. They were, then, asked to recall the actions at certain moments (time-based items) or places (event-based items) during a walk in a virtual town. Before the PM task, participants were randomly assigned to a mindfulness or mind wandering (control condition) session. Dispositional mindfulness was measured via the Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). Although considered as two opposite states, we did not report any difference between the two groups on PM abilities. Nevertheless, the natural tendency to describe one's own sensations (the Describing facet of the FFMQ) predicted time-based performance in both groups. We discuss different hypotheses to explain this finding in light of recent findings on the impact of mind wandering on future oriented cognition. Our main observation is a positive link between the Describing facet and time-based PM performances. We propose that this link could be due to the common association of this mindfulness facets and PM with attentional and interoceptive abilities. Additional studies are needed to explore this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Charles Girardeau
- Laboratoire Mémoire, Cerveau & Cognition (MC(2)Lab, EA7536), Institut de Psychologie, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Philippe Blondé
- Laboratoire Mémoire, Cerveau & Cognition (MC(2)Lab, EA7536), Institut de Psychologie, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Makowski
- School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Maria Abram
- Laboratoire Mémoire, Cerveau & Cognition (MC(2)Lab, EA7536), Institut de Psychologie, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Piolino
- Laboratoire Mémoire, Cerveau & Cognition (MC(2)Lab, EA7536), Institut de Psychologie, Université de Paris, Paris, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), France
| | - Marco Sperduti
- Laboratoire Mémoire, Cerveau & Cognition (MC(2)Lab, EA7536), Institut de Psychologie, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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26
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Hering A, Wild-Wall N, Falkenstein M, Gajewski PD, Zinke K, Altgassen M, Kliegel M. Beyond prospective memory retrieval: Encoding and remembering of intentions across the lifespan. Int J Psychophysiol 2020; 147:44-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Cognitive Flexibility Improves Memory for Delayed Intentions. eNeuro 2019; 6:ENEURO.0250-19.2019. [PMID: 31601634 PMCID: PMC6838690 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0250-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to delay the execution of a goal until the appropriate time, prospective memory (PM), can be supported by the following two different cognitive control strategies: proactive control involving working memory maintenance of the goal and active monitoring of the environment; or reactive control relying on timely retrieval of goal information from episodic memory. Certain situations tend to favor each strategy, but the manner in which individuals adjust their strategy in response to changes in the environment is unknown. Across two experiments, human participants performed a delayed-recognition PM task embedded in an ongoing visual search task that fluctuated in difficulty. A control strategy was identified from moment to moment using reaction time costs and fMRI measures of goal maintenance. We found that people fluidly modified control strategies in accordance with changes in task demands (e.g., shifting toward proactive control when task difficulty decreased). This cognitive flexibility proved adaptive as it was associated with improved PM performance.
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28
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Ballhausen N, Lauffs MM, Herzog MH, Kliegel M. Investigating prospective memory via eye tracking: No evidence for a monitoring deficit in older adults. Int J Psychophysiol 2019; 146:107-116. [PMID: 31655183 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Prospective memory (PM) refers to remembering to perform intended actions in the future. Older adults in particular have been shown to be negatively affected by PM tasks that require a high amount of attentional resources (i.e., nonfocal tasks). This age-related PM deficit has been attributed to reduced target monitoring in this age group older adults. However, this conclusion was based on indirect measures of monitoring, such as costs of the ongoing task. The present study set out to 1) investigate older adults' PM target monitoring by, for the first time, employing a direct measure (i.e., eye tracking), 2) assess differences in monitoring between PM tasks that differ in their focality, and 3) examine whether differences in PM monitoring can indeed explain older adults' reduced PM performance in nonfocal tasks. Results demonstrate that while older, but not younger adults, showed reduced performance in a nonfocal PM task, overt monitoring (eye movements) of these groups did not differ between focality conditions. Further analyses showed that older adults' performance was still reduced on the strategically more demanding task after controlling for overt target monitoring (i.e., including only trials in which the participant monitored). In contrast to indirect measures of cue monitoring, our findings illustrate that older adults' deficits on nonfocal PM tasks cannot (exclusively) be explained by reduced monitoring. Instead, processing that takes place after target monitoring are discussed as possible mechanisms underlying older adults' reduced PM performance in nonfocal tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ballhausen
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss National Centre of Competences in Research LIVES-Overcoming vulnerability: life course perspectives, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - M M Lauffs
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
| | - M H Herzog
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
| | - M Kliegel
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss National Centre of Competences in Research LIVES-Overcoming vulnerability: life course perspectives, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
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Boag RJ, Strickland L, Loft S, Heathcote A. Strategic attention and decision control support prospective memory in a complex dual-task environment. Cognition 2019; 191:103974. [PMID: 31234118 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Human performance in complex multiple-task environments depends critically on the interplay between cognitive control and cognitive capacity. In this paper we propose a tractable computational model of how cognitive control and capacity influence the speed and accuracy of decisions made in the event-based prospective memory (PM) paradigm, and in doing so test a new quantitative formulation that measures two distinct components of cognitive capacity (gain and focus) that apply generally to choices among two or more options. Consistent with prior work, individuals used proactive control (increased ongoing task thresholds under PM load) and reactive control (inhibited ongoing task accumulation rates to PM items) to support PM performance. Individuals used cognitive gain to increase the amount of resources allocated to the ongoing task under time pressure and PM load. However, when demands exceeded the capacity limit, resources were reallocated (shared) between ongoing task and PM processes. Extending previous work, individuals used cognitive focus to control the quality of processing for the ongoing and PM tasks based on the particular demand and payoff structure of the environment (e.g., higher focus for higher priority tasks; lower focus under high time pressure and with PM load). Our model provides the first detailed quantitative understanding of cognitive gain and focus as they apply to evidence accumulation models, which - along with cognitive control mechanisms - support decision-making in complex multiple-task environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shayne Loft
- The University of Western Australia, Australia
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30
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Zhao X, Fu J, Maes JHR. Prospective memory training in young adults enhances trained-task but not transfer-task performance. Memory 2019; 27:1018-1023. [PMID: 31062654 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2019.1613435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Training and transfer effects of prospective memory training have not been assessed in healthy young adults yet. The present study examined the effects of an 8-day prospective memory training programme using the Virtual Week computer game in 18-24-year-old students. Using the performance of an active control group as comparison, the study revealed a significant short-lived beneficial training-induced effect on a nearest-transfer task consisting of a different version of the trained task. No evidence was obtained for transfer effects to other tasks measuring prospective memory (near transfer), or to tasks measuring various executive functions or general intelligence (far transfer). These results were compared to those from a previous study in which an identical training and testing protocol was used in 13-15-year-old adolescents. This study did reveal some evidence of near and far transfer. The results of the two studies combined suggest a greater potential for prospective memory training to induce beneficial transfer effects in young adolescents than in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- a Behavior Rehabilitation Training Research Institution, School of Psychology , Northwest Normal University , Lanzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Junjun Fu
- a Behavior Rehabilitation Training Research Institution, School of Psychology , Northwest Normal University , Lanzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Joseph H R Maes
- b Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognition , Radboud University , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
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31
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Barban F, Scalici F, Carlesimo GA, Macaluso E, Caltagirone C, Costa A. Medio-lateral functional dissociation of the rostral prefrontal cortex with focal/non-focal cues during a prospective memory task. Brain Imaging Behav 2019; 14:1175-1186. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00063-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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32
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Zhao X, Fu J, Maes JH. Training and transfer effects of prospective memory training in 13- to 15-year-old children. J Exp Child Psychol 2019; 179:227-247. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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33
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Barutchu A, Sahu A, Humphreys GW, Spence C. Multisensory processing in event-based prospective memory. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2019; 192:23-30. [PMID: 30391627 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Failures in prospective memory (PM) - that is, the failure to remember intended future actions - can have adverse consequences. It is therefore important to study those processes that may help to minimize such cognitive failures. Although multisensory integration has been shown to enhance a wide variety of behaviors, including perception, learning, and memory, its effect on prospective memory, in particular, is largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the effects of multisensory processing on two simultaneously-performed memory tasks: An ongoing 2- or 3-back working memory (WM) task (20% target ratio), and a PM task in which the participants had to respond to a rare predefined letter (8% target ratio). For PM trials, multisensory enhancement was observed for congruent multisensory signals; however, this effect did not generalize to the ongoing WM task. Participants were less likely to make errors for PM than for WM trials, thus suggesting that they may have biased their attention toward the PM task. Multisensory advantages on memory tasks, such as PM and WM, may be dependent on how attention resources are allocated across dual tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayla Barutchu
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Aparna Sahu
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Glyn W Humphreys
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Spence
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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Duncan SJ, Gosling A, Panchuk D, Polman RCJ. Validation of a multidirectional locomotive dual-task paradigm to evaluate task-related differences in event-related electro-cortical activity. Behav Brain Res 2018; 361:122-130. [PMID: 30583028 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental aspect of everyday function is the ability to simultaneously execute both cognitive and motor tasks. The ability to perform such tasks is commonly assessed using a dual-task paradigm that has the capacity to manipulate both cognitive and motor components of an action. Dual-task performance provides an opportunity to obtain an insight into how cognitive and motor function are affected during natural tasks (e.g., locomotion). The following study aimed to determine the effectiveness of using a goal-directed multidirectional locomotor task to measure differences in task-related (tasks of increasing difficulty) electro-cortical activity. In the single-task condition participants walked around a grid-based track, performing directional changes at each intersection in response to a sensory stimulus. In the dual-task condition participants performed the same primary task while performing a simultaneous memory recall task. Behavioural differences in trial completion time and electro-cortical activity were identified in relation to the posterior N2 and P3 component mean amplitudes. The results showed that, while performing a higher-level cognitive task during walking (dual-task), interference arises in a shared system that influences neural mechanisms involved in attention and selection for action, and later cognitive processes recruited in working memory and cognitive control. This study extends previous work and shows that performing a more complex cognitive task while walking, elicits interference effects sensitive to higher-level cognitive processes, and takes the next step towards measurement of electro-cortical activity within naturalistic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley J Duncan
- School of Sport, Health and Social Sciences, Solent University, Southampton, SO14 OYN, UK.
| | - Angela Gosling
- Psychology Department, University of East London, London, E16 2RD, UK
| | - Derek Panchuk
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University, Melbourne, 8001, Australia
| | - Remco C J Polman
- School of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4059, Australia
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The interplay of intention maintenance and cue monitoring in younger and older adults' prospective memory. Mem Cognit 2018; 45:1113-1125. [PMID: 28600628 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-017-0720-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The retention phase of a prospective memory (PM) task poses different challenges, including demands to store or maintain an intended action and to realize the right moment for action execution. The interplay of these processes in younger and older adults has not been explored so far. In this study, the authors examined the impact of maintenance load and task focality on PM in 84 younger and in 83 older adults. Results indicated that PM performance and ongoing task response times were strongly affected by maintenance load and age. However, a focality effect only emerged when maintenance load was low but not when attentional resources were deployed for maintaining a more demanding intention. These findings suggest that maintenance and monitoring requirements compete for similar attentional resources. Furthermore, maintenance load may affect postretrieval processes through its impact on working-memory resources, which can restrain the typical advantage of focal over nonfocal PM tasks.
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Bruening J, Ludwig VU, Paschke LM, Walter H, Stelzel C. Motivational effects on the processing of delayed intentions in the anterior prefrontal cortex. Neuroimage 2018; 172:517-526. [PMID: 29409998 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.01.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Delaying intentions bears the risk of interference from distracting activities during the delay interval. Motivation can increase intention retrieval success but little is known about the underlying brain mechanisms. Here, we investigated whether motivational incentives (monetary reward) modulate the processing of delayed intentions in the anterior prefrontal cortex (aPFC), known to be crucial for intention processing. Using a mixed blocked and event-related functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging design, we specifically tested whether reward affects intention processing in the aPFC in a transient or in a sustained manner and whether this is related to individual differences in retrieval success. We found a generalized effect of reward on both correct intention retrieval and ongoing task performance. Fronto-parietal regions including bilateral lateral aPFC showed sustained activity increases in rewarded compared to non-rewarded blocks as well as transient reward-related activity during the storage phase. Additionally, individual differences in reward-related performance benefits were related to the degree of transient signal increases in right lateral aPFC, specifically during intention encoding. This suggests that the ability to integrate motivational relevance into the encoding of future intentions is crucial for successful intention retrieval in addition to general increases in processing effort. Bilateral aPFC is central to these motivation-cognition interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovita Bruening
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany; Work, Engineering and Organizational Psychology Technische Universitaet Berlin, Marchstr. 12, F7, 10587 Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychology, Humboldt Universitaet zu Berlin, Rudower Chaussee 18, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Vera U Ludwig
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany; Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt Universitaet zu Berlin, Luisenstr. 56, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychology, Humboldt Universitaet zu Berlin, Rudower Chaussee 18, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lena M Paschke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany; Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt Universitaet zu Berlin, Luisenstr. 56, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychology, Humboldt Universitaet zu Berlin, Rudower Chaussee 18, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany; Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt Universitaet zu Berlin, Luisenstr. 56, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Stelzel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany; Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt Universitaet zu Berlin, Luisenstr. 56, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychology, Humboldt Universitaet zu Berlin, Rudower Chaussee 18, 12489 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; International Psychoanalytic University, Stromstr. 1, 10555 Berlin, Germany.
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Kirchner EA, Kim SK. Multi-Tasking and Choice of Training Data Influencing Parietal ERP Expression and Single-Trial Detection-Relevance for Neuroscience and Clinical Applications. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:188. [PMID: 29636660 PMCID: PMC5881241 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Event-related potentials (ERPs) are often used in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) for communication or system control for enhancing or regaining control for motor-disabled persons. Especially results from single-trial EEG classification approaches for BCIs support correlations between single-trial ERP detection performance and ERP expression. Hence, BCIs can be considered as a paradigm shift contributing to new methods with strong influence on both neuroscience and clinical applications. Here, we investigate the relevance of the choice of training data and classifier transfer for the interpretability of results from single-trial ERP detection. In our experiments, subjects performed a visual-motor oddball task with motor-task relevant infrequent (targets), motor-task irrelevant infrequent (deviants), and motor-task irrelevant frequent (standards) stimuli. Under dual-task condition, a secondary senso-motor task was performed, compared to the simple-task condition. For evaluation, average ERP analysis and single-trial detection analysis with different numbers of electrodes were performed. Further, classifier transfer was investigated between simple and dual task. Parietal positive ERPs evoked by target stimuli (but not by deviants) were expressed stronger under dual-task condition, which is discussed as an increase of task emphasis and brain processes involved in task coordination and change of task set. Highest classification performance was found for targets irrespective whether all 62, 6 or 2 parietal electrodes were used. Further, higher detection performance of targets compared to standards was achieved under dual-task compared to simple-task condition in case of training on data from 2 parietal electrodes corresponding to results of ERP average analysis. Classifier transfer between tasks improves classification performance in case that training took place on more varying examples (from dual task). In summary, we showed that P300 and overlaying parietal positive ERPs can successfully be detected while subjects are performing additional ongoing motor activity. This supports single-trial detection of ERPs evoked by target events to, e.g., infer a patient's attentional state during therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa A Kirchner
- Robotics Lab, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.,Robotics Innovation Center, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Bremen, Germany
| | - Su Kyoung Kim
- Robotics Innovation Center, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Bremen, Germany
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Intraindividual Variability in Inhibition and Prospective Memory in Healthy Older Adults: Insights from Response Regularity and Rapidity. J Intell 2018; 6:jintelligence6010013. [PMID: 31162440 PMCID: PMC6480743 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence6010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful prospective memory (PM) performance relies on executive functions, including inhibition. However, PM and inhibition are usually assessed in separate tasks, and analytically the focus is either on group differences or at most on interindividual differences. Conjoint measures of PM and inhibition performance that take into account intraindividual variability (IIV) are thus missing. In the present study, we assessed healthy older adults' level of performance and IIV in both inhibition and PM using a classical Go/NoGo task. We also created a prospective Go/NoGo version that embeds a PM component into the task. Using dynamic structural equation modeling, we assessed the joint effects of mean level (μ), an indicator of amplitude of fluctuations in IIV (or net IIV; intraindividual standard deviation, iSD), and an indicator of time dependency in IIV (the autoregressive parameter ϕ) in reaction times (RTs) on inhibition and PM performance. Results indicate that higher inhibition failure, but not IIV, predicted PM errors, corroborating the current literature on the involvement of prepotent response inhibition in PM processes. In turn, fastest RT latency (μ) and increased net IIV (iSD) were consistently associated with prepotent response inhibition failure, while coherence in RT pattern (ϕ) was beneficial to inhibition performance when the task was novel. Time-dependent IIV (ϕ) appears to reflect an adaptive exploration of strategies to attain optimal performance, whereas increased net IIV (iSD) may indicate inefficient sustained cognitive processes when performance is high. We discuss trade-off processes between competing tasks.
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Hering A, Kliegel M, Bisiacchi PS, Cona G. The Influence of Emotional Material on Encoding and Retrieving Intentions: An ERP Study in Younger and Older Adults. Front Psychol 2018; 9:114. [PMID: 29503622 PMCID: PMC5820342 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prospective memory is a cognitive process that comprises the encoding and maintenance of an intention until the appropriate moment of its retrieval. It is of highly relevance for an independent everyday life, especially in older adults; however, there is ample evidence that prospective memory declines with increasing age. Because most studies have used neutral stimuli, it is still an open question how emotional factors influence age-related differences in prospective remembering. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of emotional material on prospective memory encoding, monitoring, maintaining, and retrieval in younger and older adults using behavioral and electrophysiological measures. We tested 24 younger adults (M = 26.4 years) and 20 older adults (M = 68.1 years) using a picture one-back task as ongoing activity with an embedded prospective memory instruction. The experimental task consisted of three sessions. In each session, participants had to encode series of images that represented the prospective memory cues for the consecutive block. The images were either of pleasant, unpleasant, or neutral valence. The pictures used in the ongoing task were likewise of pleasant, unpleasant, or neutral valence. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded to assess the neural correlates of intention encoding, maintenance, and self-initiated retrieval. We did not find age differences between younger and older adults on the behavioral level. However, the ERP results revealed an interesting pattern that suggested for both age groups elevated attentional processing of emotional cues during encoding indicated by an elevated LPP for the emotional cues. Additionally, younger adults showed increased activity for unpleasant cues. During the maintenance phase, both age groups engaged in strategic monitoring especially for pleasant cues, which led to enhanced sustained positivity. During retrieval, older adults showed increased activity of ERP components related to cue detection and retrieval mainly for pleasant cues indicating enhanced relevance for those cues. In conclusion, emotional material may influence prospective remembering in older adults differently than in younger adults by supporting a mixture of top-down and bottom-up controlled processing. The results demonstrated a negativity bias in younger adults and a positivity bias in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Hering
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Kliegel
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss National Center of Competences in Research LIVES – Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrizia S. Bisiacchi
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Padua Neuroscience Center, Padua, Italy
| | - Giorgia Cona
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Padua Neuroscience Center, Padua, Italy
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Szőllősi Á, Pajkossy P, Demeter G, Kéri S, Racsmány M. Acute stress affects prospective memory functions via associative memory processes. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2018; 182:82-90. [PMID: 29149692 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings suggest that acute stress can improve the execution of delayed intentions (prospective memory, PM). However, it is unclear whether this improvement can be explained by altered executive control processes or by altered associative memory functioning. To investigate this issue, we used physical-psychosocial stressors to induce acute stress in laboratory settings. Then participants completed event- and time-based PM tasks requiring the different contribution of control processes and a control task (letter fluency) frequently used to measure executive functions. According to our results, acute stress had no impact on ongoing task performance, time-based PM, and verbal fluency, whereas it enhanced event-based PM as measured by response speed for the prospective cues. Our findings indicate that, here, acute stress did not affect executive control processes. We suggest that stress affected event-based PM via associative memory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes Szőllősi
- Department of Cognitive Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Péter Pajkossy
- Department of Cognitive Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary; Research Group on Frontostriatal Disorders, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Gyula Demeter
- Department of Cognitive Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary; Research Group on Frontostriatal Disorders, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Szabolcs Kéri
- Department of Cognitive Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary; National Institute of Psychiatry and Addictions, Nyírő Gyula Hospital, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Mihály Racsmány
- Department of Cognitive Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary; Research Group on Frontostriatal Disorders, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
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Smith-Spark JH. A review of prospective memory impairments in developmental dyslexia: evidence, explanations, and future directions. Clin Neuropsychol 2017; 32:816-835. [DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2017.1369571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James H. Smith-Spark
- Division of Psychology, School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, UK
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Zhang X, Ballhausen N, Liu S, Kliegel M, Wang L. The effects of ongoing task absorption on event-based prospective memory in preschoolers. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/17405629.2017.1346503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Zhang
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | | | - Si Liu
- Psychology Department, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Matthias Kliegel
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability and NCCR LIVES, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lijuan Wang
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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Hering A, Wild-Wall N, Gajewski PD, Falkenstein M, Kliegel M, Zinke K. The role of cue detection for prospective memory development across the lifespan. Neuropsychologia 2016; 93:289-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Umeda S, Tochizawa S, Shibata M, Terasawa Y. Prospective memory mediated by interoceptive accuracy: a psychophysiological approach. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2016; 371:rstb.2016.0005. [PMID: 28080964 PMCID: PMC5062095 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies on prospective memory (PM), defined as memory for future intentions, suggest that psychological stress enhances successful PM retrieval. However, the mechanisms underlying this notion remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that PM retrieval is achieved through interaction with autonomic nervous activity, which is mediated by the individual accuracy of interoceptive awareness, as measured by the heartbeat detection task. In this study, the relationship between cardiac reactivity and retrieval of delayed intentions was evaluated using the event-based PM task. Participants were required to detect PM target letters while engaged in an ongoing 2-back working memory task. The results demonstrated that individuals with higher PM task performance had a greater increase in heart rate on PM target presentation. Also, higher interoceptive perceivers showed better PM task performance. This pattern was not observed for working memory task performance. These findings suggest that cardiac afferent signals enhance PM retrieval, which is mediated by individual levels of interoceptive accuracy.This article is part of the themed issue 'Interoception beyond homeostasis: affect, cognition and mental health'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Umeda
- Department of Psychology, Keio University, Tokyo 108-8345, Japan
| | - Saiko Tochizawa
- Keio Advanced Research Center, Keio University, Tokyo 108-8345, Japan
| | - Midori Shibata
- Keio Advanced Research Center, Keio University, Tokyo 108-8345, Japan
| | - Yuri Terasawa
- Department of Psychology, Keio University, Tokyo 108-8345, Japan
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Clinical Utility of the Envelope Task in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia. Can J Neurol Sci 2016; 44:9-16. [DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2016.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjective: Prospective memory (PM) is a cognitive function defined as the ability to perform an intention at an appropriate moment in the future. In the aging population, PM is essential for maintaining independent daily living. Introduced as a simple and quick way to assess PM in clinical settings, the envelope task has to date received very limited empirical and practical interest. Methods: The present study investigated the task’s clinical utility in detecting PM impairment in a sample composed of 49 healthy older adults (OA), 41 patients with Alzheimer’s disease, and 64 individuals with amnestic and nonamnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) of heterogeneous etiology: 17 of idiopathic nature, 20 presenting an idiopathic rapid-eye movement sleep behaviour disorder, and 27 patients diagnosed with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. Results: The envelope task was highly sensitive and specific in discriminating Alzheimer’s disease patients from OA. Although it was specific in distinguishing MCI individuals from OA, its sensitivity was modest, especially in patients presenting a nonamnestic MCI subtype. Conclusions: Given its high specificity and simple low-cost administration procedure, the envelope task is a promising instrument for clinicians who seek to rapidly assess PM impairment in their daily practice.
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Smith-Spark JH, Moss AC, Dyer KR. Do Baseline Executive Functions Mediate Prospective Memory Performance under a Moderate Dose of Alcohol? Front Psychol 2016; 7:1325. [PMID: 27630600 PMCID: PMC5005976 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Prospective memory (PM) is memory for delayed intentions. While deleterious effects of acute doses of alcohol on PM have been documented previously using between-subjects comparisons, the current study adopted a single blind placebo-controlled within-subjects design to explore whether the extent to which alcohol-related impairments in PM are mediated by executive functions (EFs). To this end, 52 male social drinkers with no history of substance-related treatment were tested using two parallel versions of a clinical measure of PM (the Memory for Intentions Test; Raskin et al., 2010), and a battery of EF measures. Testing took place on two occasions, with the order of administration of the alcohol and placebo conditions being fully counterbalanced. Overall, PM was worse under alcohol and participants showed deficits on five of the six subscales making up the clinical test. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses demonstrated that EFs did not predict PM performance decrements overall but did predict performance when time cues were presented and when verbal responses were required. Phonemic fluency was the strongest of the EF predictors; a greater capacity to gain controlled access to information in long-term memory predicted a smaller difference between placebo- and alcohol-related performance on both the time cue and verbal response scales. PM is crucial to compliance with, and response to, both therapy programs and alcohol harm prevention campaigns. The results indicate that individual differences in cognitive function need to be taken into account when designing such interventions in order to increase their effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H. Smith-Spark
- Division of Psychology, School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank UniversityLondon, UK
| | - Antony C. Moss
- Division of Psychology, School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank UniversityLondon, UK
| | - Kyle R. Dyer
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College LondonLondon, UK
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Cruz G, Miyakoshi M, Makeig S, Kilborn K, Evans J. ERPs and their brain sources in perceptual and conceptual prospective memory tasks: Commonalities and differences between the two tasks. Neuropsychologia 2016; 91:173-185. [PMID: 27520471 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined whether Event-Related Potential (ERP) components and their neural generators are common to perceptual and conceptual prospective memory (PM) tasks or specific to the form of PM cue involved. We used Independent Component Analysis (ICA) to study the contributions of brain source activities to scalp ERPs across the different phases of two event-based PM-tasks: (1) holding intentions during a delay (monitoring) (2) detecting the correct context to perform the delayed intention (cue detection) and (3) carrying out the action (realisation of delayed intentions). Results showed that monitoring for both perceptual and conceptual PM-tasks was characterised by an enhanced early occipital negativity (N200). In addition the conceptual PM-task showed a long-lasting effect of monitoring significant around 700ms. Perceptual PM-task cues elicited an N300 enhancement associated with cue detection, whereas a midline N400-like response was evoked by conceptual PM-task cues. The Prospective Positivity associated with realisation of delayed intentions was observed in both conceptual and perceptual tasks. A common frontal-midline brain source contributed to the Prospective Positivity in both tasks and a strong contribution from parieto-frontal brain sources was observed only for the perceptually cued PM-task. These findings support the idea that: (1) The enhanced N200 can be understood as a neural correlate of a 'retrieval mode' for perceptual and conceptual PM-tasks, and additional strategic monitoring is implemented according the nature of the PM task; (2) ERPs associated with cue detection are specific to the nature of the PM cues; (3) Prospective Positivity reflects a general PM process, but the specific brain sources contributing to it depend upon the nature of the PM task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Cruz
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Escuela de Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; School of Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Makoto Miyakoshi
- Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, Institute for Neural Computation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Scott Makeig
- Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, Institute for Neural Computation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kerry Kilborn
- School of Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jonathan Evans
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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48
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Kliegel M, Ballhausen N, Hering A, Ihle A, Schnitzspahn KM, Zuber S. Prospective Memory in Older Adults: Where We Are Now and What Is Next. Gerontology 2016; 62:459-66. [DOI: 10.1159/000443698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay of cognitive abilities that constitute the process of ‘remembering to remember' is referred to as prospective memory. Prospective memory is an essential ability to meet everyday life challenges across the life span, constitutes a key element of autonomy and independence and is especially important in old age with increasing social and health-related prospective memory demands. The present paper first presents major findings from the current state of the art in research on age effects in prospective memory. In a second part, it presents four focus areas for future research outlining possible conceptual, methodological, and neuroscientific advancements.
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Smith-Spark JH, Zięcik AP, Sterling C. Time-based prospective memory in adults with developmental dyslexia. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2016; 49-50:34-46. [PMID: 26649894 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Prospective memory (PM) is memory for delayed intentions. Despite its importance to everyday life, the few studies on PM function in adults with dyslexia which exist have relied on self-report measures. To determine whether self-reported PM deficits can be measured objectively, laboratory-based PM tasks were administered to 24 adults with dyslexia and 25 age- and IQ-matched adults without dyslexia. Self-report data indicated that people with dyslexia felt that time-based PM (TBPM; requiring responses at certain times in the future) was most problematic for them and so this form of PM was the focus of investigation. Whilst performing the ongoing task from which they were required to break out every 3 min to make a PM-related response, the participants were allowed to make clock checks whenever they wished. The cognitive demands made on ongoing behaviour were manipulated to determine whether loading executive resources had a mediating role in dyslexia-related deficits in PM, resulting in three tasks with varying working memory load. A semi-naturalistic TBPM task was also administered, in which the participants were asked to remind the experimenter to save a data file 40 min after being given this instruction. Dyslexia-related differences were found across all three computerized tasks, regardless of cognitive load. The adults with dyslexia made fewer correct PM responses and also fewer clock checks. On the semi-naturalistic task, the participants with dyslexia were less likely to remember to remind the experimenter to save the file. This is the first study to document PM deficits in dyslexia using objective measures of performance. Since TBPM impairments were found under more naturalistic conditions as well as on computerized tasks, the results have implications for workplace support for adults with dyslexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H Smith-Spark
- Department of Psychology, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, UK.
| | - Adam P Zięcik
- Department of Psychology, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, UK
| | - Christopher Sterling
- Department of Psychology, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, UK
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