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Salaün JP, Borst G, Cachia A, Orliac F, Vivien D, Poirel N. Effects of general anaesthesia in early childhood on local and global visual processing: a post hoc analysis of the APEX cohort study. Br J Anaesth 2024; 133:344-350. [PMID: 38862383 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical studies suggest that early exposure to anaesthesia alters the visual system in mice and non-human primates. We investigated whether exposure to general anaesthesia leads to visual attention processing changes in children, which could potentially impact essential life skills, including learning. METHODS This was a post hoc analysis of data from the APprentissages EXécutifs et cerveau chez les enfants d'âge scolaire (APEX) cohort study. A total of 24 healthy 9-10-yr-old children who were or were not exposed to general anaesthesia (for surgery) by a mean age of 3.8 (2.6) yr performed a visual attention task to evaluate ability to process either local details or general global visual information. Whether children were distracted by visual interference during global and local information processing was also assessed. RESULTS Participants included in the analyses (n=12 participants exposed to general anaesthesia and n=12 controls) successfully completed (>90% of correct answers) the trial tasks. Children from both groups were equally distracted by visual interference. However, children who had been exposed to general anaesthesia were more attracted to global visual information than were control children (P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest lasting effects of early-life exposure to general anaesthesia on visuospatial abilities. Further investigations of the mechanisms by which general anaesthesia could have delayed effects on how children perceive their visual environment are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Salaün
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, Université Caen Normandie, INSERM, GIP CYCERON, Institut Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie (BB@C), UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Caen, France; Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Caen Normandie, 14000 Caen, France.
| | - Grégoire Borst
- Université Paris Cité, LaPsyDÉ, CNRS, Paris, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Cachia
- Université Paris Cité, LaPsyDÉ, CNRS, Paris, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | | | - Denis Vivien
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, Université Caen Normandie, INSERM, GIP CYCERON, Institut Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie (BB@C), UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Caen, France; Department of Clinical Research and Innovation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Nicolas Poirel
- Université Paris Cité, LaPsyDÉ, CNRS, Paris, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France; GIP CYCERON, Caen, France
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Sidhu A, Uiga L, Langley B, Masters RSW. Reduced influence of perceptual context in mild traumatic brain injury is not an illusion. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6434. [PMID: 38499578 PMCID: PMC10948892 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56713-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Perceptual grouping is impaired following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). This may affect visual size perception, a process influenced by perceptual grouping abilities. We conducted two experiments to evaluate visual size perception in people with self-reported history of mTBI, using two different size-contrast illusions: the Ebbinghaus Illusion (Experiment 1) and the Müller-Lyer illusion (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, individuals with mTBI and healthy controls were asked to compare the size of two target circles that were either the same size or different sizes. The target circles appeared by themselves (no-context condition), or were surrounded by smaller or larger circles (context condition). Similar levels of accuracy were evident between the groups in the no-context condition. However, size judgements by mTBI participants were more accurate in the context condition, suggesting that they processed the target circles separately from the surrounding circles. In Experiment 2, individuals with mTBI and healthy controls judged the length of parallel lines that appeared with arrowheads (context condition) or without arrowheads (no context condition). Consistent with Experiment 1, size judgements by mTBI participants were more accurate than size judgements by control participants in the context condition. These findings suggest that mTBI influences size perception by impairing perceptual grouping of visual stimuli in near proximity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sidhu
- Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, University of Waikato, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand.
| | - L Uiga
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - B Langley
- Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, University of Waikato, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand
| | - R S W Masters
- Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, University of Waikato, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand
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Pitel AL, Laniepce A, Boudehent C, Poirel N. Impaired Global Precedence Effect in Severe Alcohol Use Disorder and Korsakoff's Syndrome: A Pilot Exploration through a Global/Local Visual Paradigm. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12113655. [PMID: 37297850 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12113655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In healthy populations, visual abilities are characterized by a faster and more efficient processing of global features in a stimulus compared to local ones. This phenomenon is known as the global precedence effect (GPE), which is demonstrated by (1) a global advantage, resulting in faster response times for global features than local features and (2) interference from global distractors during the identification of local targets, but not vice versa. This GPE is essential for adapting visual processing in everyday life (e.g., extracting useful information from complex scenes). We investigated how the GPE is affected in patients with Korsakoff's syndrome (KS) compared to patients with severe alcohol use disorder (sAUD). Three groups (including healthy controls, patients with KS and patients with sAUD) completed a global/local visual task in which predefined targets appeared at the global or local level during either congruent or incongruent (i.e., interference) situations. The results showed that healthy controls (N = 41) presented a classical GPE, while patients with sAUD (N = 16) presented neither a global advantage nor global interference effects. Patients with KS (N = 7) presented no global advantage and an inversion of the interference effect, characterized by strong interference from local information during global processing. The absence of the GPE in sAUD and the interference from local information in KS have implications in daily-life situations, providing preliminary data for a better understanding of how these patients perceive their visual world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Lise Pitel
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, 14074 Caen, France
| | - Alice Laniepce
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, 14074 Caen, France
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, CRFDP (EA 7475), 76821 Rouen, France
| | - Céline Boudehent
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, 14074 Caen, France
| | - Nicolas Poirel
- Université Paris Cité, LaPsyDÉ, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
- GIP Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
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Antonova I, van Swam C, Hubl D, Griskova-Bulanova I, Dierks T, Koenig T. Altered Visuospatial Processing in Schizophrenia: An Event-related Potential Microstate Analysis Comparing Patients with and without Hallucinations with Healthy Controls. Neuroscience 2021; 479:140-156. [PMID: 34687795 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia present with various symptoms related to different domains. Abnormalities of auditory and visual perception are parts of a more general problem. Nevertheless, the relationship between the lifetime history of auditory verbal hallucination (AVH), one of the most prevalent symptoms in schizophrenia, and visuospatial deficits remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate differences in hemispheric involvement and visuospatial processing between healthy controls (HCs) and schizophrenia patients with and without AVHs. HCs (N = 20), schizophrenia patients with AVH (AVH group, N = 16), and schizophrenia patients without hallucinations (NH group, N = 10) participated in a 4-choice reaction task with lateralized stimuli. An event-related potential (ERP)-microstate approach was used to analyze ERP differences between the conditions and groups. The schizophrenia patients without hallucinations had slower responses than the HCs. An early visual N1 contralateral to stimulation side was prominent in all groups of participants but with decreased amplitude in the patients with schizophrenia, especially in the AVH group over the right hemisphere. The amplitude of P3b, a cognitive evaluation component, was also decreased in schizophrenia. Compared to AVH and HC groups, the patients in the NH group had altered microstate patterns: P3b was replaced by a novelty component, P3a. Although the difference between both patient groups was only based on the presence of AVHs, our findings indicated that patients had specific visuospatial deficits associated with a lifetime history of hallucinations: patients with AVHs showed early visual component alterations in the right hemisphere, and those without AVHs had more prominent visuospatial impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrida Antonova
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Vilnius University, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius, Lithuania; Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Claudia van Swam
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Hubl
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas Dierks
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Koenig
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Leroux E, Poirel N, Dollfus S. Anatomical Connectivity of the Visuospatial Attentional Network in Schizophrenia: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Tractography Study. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 32:266-273. [PMID: 31948322 DOI: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.19040101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In healthy individuals, the visuospatial attentional network consists of frontoparietal bundles; however, the anatomical organization of this network in persons with schizophrenia remains largely unknown. Using diffusion tensor imaging-based tractography, the authors investigated the white matter integrity and volume of frontoparietal and frontotemporo-occipital bundles in the right and left hemispheres and studied their structural asymmetry in persons with schizophrenia and in healthy individuals. METHODS This study included 34 participants with schizophrenia and 69 healthy individuals. Integrity parameters and volume were calculated in the three branches of the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF I, II, and III), the inferior longitudinal fasciculus, and the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus in both hemispheres. RESULTS In the SLF II and SLF III of the right hemisphere, healthy individuals showed greater integrity, compared with participants with schizophrenia. Both groups presented increased integrity in the SLF III of the right hemisphere, compared with the SLF III of the left hemisphere, but only healthy individuals had this pattern regarding the SLF II. Bundle volumes did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to describe the structural hemispheric lateralization and organization of the visuospatial attentional network in persons with schizophrenia. The main findings indicate loss of integrity in the SLF II, associated with loss of asymmetry in participants with schizophrenia, compared with healthy individuals, suggesting a potential substrate of attentional deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Leroux
- The Department of Psychiatry, Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, France (Leroux, Dollfus); Université de Paris, LaPsyDÉ, UMR 8240, CNRS, Paris (Poirel); Institut Universitaire de France, Paris (Poirel); Service de Psychiatrie Adulte, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen, Caen, France (Dollfus); and the Department of Psychiatry, UFR de Médecine, Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, France (Dollfus)
| | - Nicolas Poirel
- The Department of Psychiatry, Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, France (Leroux, Dollfus); Université de Paris, LaPsyDÉ, UMR 8240, CNRS, Paris (Poirel); Institut Universitaire de France, Paris (Poirel); Service de Psychiatrie Adulte, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen, Caen, France (Dollfus); and the Department of Psychiatry, UFR de Médecine, Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, France (Dollfus)
| | - Sonia Dollfus
- The Department of Psychiatry, Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, France (Leroux, Dollfus); Université de Paris, LaPsyDÉ, UMR 8240, CNRS, Paris (Poirel); Institut Universitaire de France, Paris (Poirel); Service de Psychiatrie Adulte, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen, Caen, France (Dollfus); and the Department of Psychiatry, UFR de Médecine, Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, France (Dollfus)
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Diametric effects of autism tendencies and psychosis proneness on attention control irrespective of task demands. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8478. [PMID: 29855492 PMCID: PMC5981437 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26821-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Our capacity to attend a target while ignoring irrelevant distraction impacts our ability to successfully interact with our environment. Previous reports have sometimes identified excessive distractor interference in both autism and schizophrenia spectrum disorders and in neurotypical individuals with high subclinical expressions of these conditions. Independent of task, we show that the direction of the effect of autism or psychosis traits on the suppression or rejection of a non-target item is diametrical. In Study 1, in which the presence of a salient non-target item hindered performance, higher autism traits were associated with better performance, while higher psychosis traits were associated with worse performance. In Study 2, in which the presence of a salient non-target item facilitated performance, a complete reversal of effects was observed. Future clinical interventions may be informed by the context-specific advantages we observed for the autism and psychosis spectra, and by the need to consider the diametric effects they yield.
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Abu-Akel A, Apperly IA, Wood SJ, Hansen PC, Mevorach C. Autism Tendencies and Psychosis Proneness Interactively Modulate Saliency Cost. Schizophr Bull 2017; 43:142-151. [PMID: 27217269 PMCID: PMC5216849 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbw066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Atypical responses to salient information are a candidate endophenotype for both autism and psychosis spectrum disorders. The present study investigated the costs and benefits of such atypicalities for saliency-based selection in a large cohort of neurotypical adults in whom both autism and psychosis expressions were assessed. Two experiments found that autism tendencies and psychosis proneness interactively modulated the cost incurred in the presence of a task-irrelevant salient distractor. Specifically, expressions of autism and psychosis had opposing effects on responses to salient information such that the benefits associated with high expressions for autism offset costs associated with high expressions for psychosis. The opposing influences observed on saliency cost may be driven by distinct attentional mechanisms that are differentially affected by expressions for autism and psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Abu-Akel
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK;
| | - Ian A. Apperly
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Stephen J. Wood
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK;,Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter C. Hansen
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Carmel Mevorach
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
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8
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Panton KR, Badcock DR, Badcock JC. A Metaanalysis of Perceptual Organization in Schizophrenia, Schizotypy, and Other High-Risk Groups Based on Variants of the Embedded Figures Task. Front Psychol 2016; 7:237. [PMID: 26941688 PMCID: PMC4763090 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Current research on perceptual organization in schizophrenia frequently employs shapes with regularly sampled contours (fragmented stimuli), in noise fields composed of similar elements, to elicit visual abnormalities. However, perceptual organization is multi-factorial and, in earlier studies, continuous contours have also been employed in tasks assessing the ability to extract shapes from a background. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies using closed-contour stimuli, including the Embedded Figures Test (EFT) and related tasks, both in people with schizophrenia and in healthy schizotypes and relatives, considered at increased risk for psychosis. Eleven studies met the selection criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis, including six that used a between-groups study design (i.e., perceptual organization abilities of schizophrenia/high-risk groups were compared to healthy or clinical controls), and five that treated schizophrenia symptoms or schizotypy traits and indices of perceptual organization as continuous variables. Effect sizes and heterogeneity statistics were calculated, and the risk of publication bias was explored. A significant, moderate effect for EFT performance was found with studies that compared performance of schizophrenia/high-risk groups to a healthy or patient comparison group (d = −0.523, p < 0.001). However, significant heterogeneity was also found amongst the schizotypy, but not schizophrenia studies, as well as studies using accuracy, but not reaction time as a measure of performance. A non-significant correlation was found for the studies that examined schizophrenia symptoms or schizotypy traits as continuous variables (r = 0.012, p = 0.825). These results suggest that deficits in perceptual organization of non-fragmented stimuli are found when differences between schizophrenia/high-risk groups and comparison groups are maximized. These findings should motivate further investigation of perceptual organization abilities with closed-contour stimuli both in schizophrenia and high-risk groups, which is pertinent to current initiatives to improve the assessment and treatment of cognition in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten R Panton
- Human Vision Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Western Australia Perth, WA, Australia
| | - David R Badcock
- Human Vision Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Western Australia Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Johanna C Badcock
- Centre for Clinical Research in Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western AustraliaPerth, WA, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre - Mental HealthMelbourne, VIC, Australia
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Flevaris AV, Robertson LC. Spatial frequency selection and integration of global and local information in visual processing: A selective review and tribute to Shlomo Bentin. Neuropsychologia 2015; 83:192-200. [PMID: 26485158 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has suggested a relationship between processing lower versus higher spatial frequencies (SFs) and global/local perception, respectively. Here we honor Shlomo Bentin by reviewing the work we conducted with him regarding this issue. This work was aimed at investigating the mechanisms by which selective attention to spatial frequency (SF) mediates global and local perception in general and how these perceptual levels are integrated with the shapes that define them. The experiments demonstrate that attention to global and local aspects of a hierarchical display biases the flexible selection of relatively lower and relatively higher SFs during image processing. Additionally, attentional selection of SF allows for the shapes in a hierarchical display to be integrated with the level (global/local) at which they occur. The studies reviewed here provide strong evidence that the flexible, top-down selection of low-level SF channels mediates the perception of global and local elements of visual displays. The studies also support a hemisphere asymmetry in this process, with right hemisphere functions biased toward global perception and left hemisphere functions biased toward local.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lynn C Robertson
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, United States
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10
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Bortolon C, Capdevielle D, Raffard S. Face recognition in schizophrenia disorder: A comprehensive review of behavioral, neuroimaging and neurophysiological studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 53:79-107. [PMID: 25800172 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Facial emotion processing has been extensively studied in schizophrenia patients while general face processing has received less attention. The already published reviews do not address the current scientific literature in a complete manner. Therefore, here we tried to answer some questions that remain to be clarified, particularly: are the non-emotional aspects of facial processing in fact impaired in schizophrenia patients? At the behavioral level, our key conclusions are that visual perception deficit in schizophrenia patients: are not specific to faces; are most often present when the cognitive (e.g. attention) and perceptual demands of the tasks are important; and seems to worsen with the illness chronification. Although, currently evidence suggests impaired second order configural processing, more studies are necessary to determine whether or not holistic processing is impaired in schizophrenia patients. Neural and neurophysiological evidence suggests impaired earlier levels of visual processing, which might involve the deficits in interaction of the magnocellular and parvocellular pathways impacting on further processing. These deficits seem to be present even before the disorder out-set. Although evidence suggests that this deficit may be not specific to faces, further evidence on this question is necessary, in particularly more ecological studies including context and body processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Bortolon
- Epsylon Laboratory, EA 4556 Montpellier, France; University Department of Adult Psychiatry, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Delphine Capdevielle
- University Department of Adult Psychiatry, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France; French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), U1061 Pathologies of the Nervous System: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, La Colombiere Hospital, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Stéphane Raffard
- Epsylon Laboratory, EA 4556 Montpellier, France; University Department of Adult Psychiatry, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Choi EJ, Jang KM, Kim MS. Electrophysiological correlates of local–global visual processing in college students with schizotypal traits: An event-related potential study. Biol Psychol 2014; 96:158-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Darke H, Peterman JS, Park S, Sundram S, Carter O. Are patients with schizophrenia impaired in processing non-emotional features of human faces? Front Psychol 2013; 4:529. [PMID: 23970872 PMCID: PMC3747312 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that individuals with schizophrenia exhibit signs of impaired face processing, however, the exact perceptual and cognitive mechanisms underlying these deficits are yet to be elucidated. One possible source of confusion in the current literature is the methodological and conceptual inconsistencies that can arise from the varied treatment of different aspects of face processing relating to emotional and non-emotional aspects of face perception. This review aims to disentangle the literature by focusing on the performance of patients with schizophrenia in a range of tasks that required processing of non-emotional features of face stimuli (e.g., identity or gender). We also consider the performance of patients on non-face stimuli that share common elements such as familiarity (e.g., cars) and social relevance (e.g., gait). We conclude by exploring whether observed deficits are best considered as “face-specific” and note that further investigation is required to properly assess the potential contribution of more generalized attentional or perceptual impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Darke
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne Parkville, VIC, Australia
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13
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Poirel N, Simon G, Cassotti M, Leroux G, Perchey G, Lanoë C, Lubin A, Turbelin MR, Rossi S, Pineau A, Houdé O. The shift from local to global visual processing in 6-year-old children is associated with grey matter loss. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20879. [PMID: 21687636 PMCID: PMC3110822 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A real-world visual scene consists of local elements (e.g. trees) that are arranged coherently into a global configuration (e.g. a forest). Children show psychological evolution from a preference for local visual information to an adult-like preference for global visual information, with the transition in visual preference occurring around 6 years of age. The brain regions involved in this shift in visual preference have not been described. Methods and Results We used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to study children during this developmental window to investigate changes in gray matter that underlie the shift from a bias for local to global visual information. Six-year-old children were assigned to groups according to their judgment on a global/local task. The first group included children who still presented with local visual processing biases, and the second group included children who showed global visual processing biases. VBM results indicated that compared to children with local visual processing biases, children with global visual processing biases had a loss of gray matter in the right occipital and parietal visuospatial areas. Conclusions These anatomical findings are in agreement with previous findings in children with neurodevelopmental disorders and represent the first structural identification of brain regions that allow healthy children to develop a global perception of the visual world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Poirel
- UMR 6232, CI-NAPS, CNRS, CEA, Caen University and Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne, France.
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14
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Beaucousin V, Cassotti M, Simon G, Pineau A, Kostova M, Houdé O, Poirel N. ERP evidence of a meaningfulness impact on visual global/local processing: When meaning captures attention. Neuropsychologia 2011; 49:1258-1266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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