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Omont-Lescieux S, Menu I, Salvia E, Poirel N, Oppenheim C, Houdé O, Cachia A, Borst G. Lateralization of the cerebral network of inhibition in children before and after cognitive training. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 63:101293. [PMID: 37683326 PMCID: PMC10498008 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory control (IC) plays a critical role in cognitive and socio-emotional development. IC relies on a lateralized cortico-subcortical brain network including the inferior frontal cortex, anterior parts of insula, anterior cingulate cortex, caudate nucleus and putamen. Brain asymmetries play a critical role for IC efficiency. In parallel to age-related changes, IC can be improved following training. The aim of this study was to (1) assess the lateralization of IC network in children (N = 60, 9-10 y.o.) and (2) examine possible changes in neural asymmetry of this network from anatomical (structural MRI) and functional (resting-state fMRI) levels after 5-week computerized IC vs. active control (AC) training. We observed that IC training, but not AC training, led to a leftward lateralization of the putamen anatomy, similarly to what is observed in adults, supporting that training could accelerate the maturation of this structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixtine Omont-Lescieux
- Université Paris Cité, LaPsyDÉ, CNRS, F-75005, Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Imaging biomarkers for brain development and disorders, 75014 Paris, France; GHU-Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Iris Menu
- Université Paris Cité, LaPsyDÉ, CNRS, F-75005, Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Imaging biomarkers for brain development and disorders, 75014 Paris, France; GHU-Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Emilie Salvia
- Université Paris Cité, LaPsyDÉ, CNRS, F-75005, Paris, France; GHU-Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Poirel
- Université Paris Cité, LaPsyDÉ, CNRS, F-75005, Paris, France; GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Catherine Oppenheim
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Imaging biomarkers for brain development and disorders, 75014 Paris, France; GHU-Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Houdé
- Université Paris Cité, LaPsyDÉ, CNRS, F-75005, Paris, France; GHU-Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, F-75014 Paris, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Cachia
- Université Paris Cité, LaPsyDÉ, CNRS, F-75005, Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Imaging biomarkers for brain development and disorders, 75014 Paris, France; GHU-Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Grégoire Borst
- Université Paris Cité, LaPsyDÉ, CNRS, F-75005, Paris, France; GHU-Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, F-75014 Paris, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
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2
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Bouhassoun S, Naveau M, Delcroix N, Poirel N. Approach in green, avoid in red? Examining interindividual variabilities and personal color preferences through continuous measures of specific meaning associations. Psychol Res 2023; 87:1232-1242. [PMID: 36071301 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-022-01732-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Empirically based literature suggests that avoidance/approach motivation arising from color-meaning associations assume a key mediational role in the color effect during psychological functioning. Even if several studies investigated color-meaning associations through different methodological approaches, no study investigated specific color-meaning associations (1) through continuous measures (2) for both positive and negative meanings. In addition, color effects are not unequivocal, and interindividual variability issues are still underexplored. The present study is based on the application of visual analog scales to assess continuous measures of specific color-meaning associations related to both negative and positive meanings that could rely on avoidance/approach motivation. The data analyses compared the distribution of the color-meaning association scores rated by participants (N = 152) on visual analog scales. The results showed strong associations between red color and items that could be related to avoidance motivation. Conversely, green color association scores showed distinct and specific associations that could be related to approach motivation. The results also revealed that blue color could exhibit a similar pattern for some meaning association scores compared with green color, as well as orange compared with red association scores. In addition, the results suggest that color preferences may influence color effects, especially regarding color-related approach motivation. The present study provides new insights about the color effect on psychological functioning and a novel approach to investigate the mediational processes such as avoidance/approach motivation that considers interindividual differences along a continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Bouhassoun
- Université Paris Cité, LaPsyDÉ, UMR CNRS 8240, Paris, France
- GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Mikaël Naveau
- GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
- UMS 3408, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen, CNRS, Caen, France
| | - Nicolas Delcroix
- GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
- UMS 3408, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen, CNRS, Caen, France
| | - Nicolas Poirel
- Université Paris Cité, LaPsyDÉ, UMR CNRS 8240, Paris, France.
- GIP Cyceron, Caen, France.
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France.
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3
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Pitel AL, Laniepce A, Boudehent C, Poirel N. Impaired Global Precedence Effect in Severe Alcohol Use Disorder and Korsakoff's Syndrome: A Pilot Exploration through a Global/Local Visual Paradigm. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12113655. [PMID: 37297850 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12113655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In healthy populations, visual abilities are characterized by a faster and more efficient processing of global features in a stimulus compared to local ones. This phenomenon is known as the global precedence effect (GPE), which is demonstrated by (1) a global advantage, resulting in faster response times for global features than local features and (2) interference from global distractors during the identification of local targets, but not vice versa. This GPE is essential for adapting visual processing in everyday life (e.g., extracting useful information from complex scenes). We investigated how the GPE is affected in patients with Korsakoff's syndrome (KS) compared to patients with severe alcohol use disorder (sAUD). Three groups (including healthy controls, patients with KS and patients with sAUD) completed a global/local visual task in which predefined targets appeared at the global or local level during either congruent or incongruent (i.e., interference) situations. The results showed that healthy controls (N = 41) presented a classical GPE, while patients with sAUD (N = 16) presented neither a global advantage nor global interference effects. Patients with KS (N = 7) presented no global advantage and an inversion of the interference effect, characterized by strong interference from local information during global processing. The absence of the GPE in sAUD and the interference from local information in KS have implications in daily-life situations, providing preliminary data for a better understanding of how these patients perceive their visual world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Lise Pitel
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, 14074 Caen, France
| | - Alice Laniepce
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, 14074 Caen, France
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, CRFDP (EA 7475), 76821 Rouen, France
| | - Céline Boudehent
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, 14074 Caen, France
| | - Nicolas Poirel
- Université Paris Cité, LaPsyDÉ, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
- GIP Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
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Salaün JP, Chagnot A, Cachia A, Poirel N, Datin-Dorrière V, Dujarrier C, Lemarchand E, Rolland M, Delalande L, Gressens P, Guillois B, Houdé O, Levard D, Gakuba C, Moyon M, Naveau M, Orliac F, Orliaguet G, Hanouz JL, Agin V, Borst G, Vivien D. Consequences of General Anesthesia in Infancy on Behavior and Brain Structure. Anesth Analg 2023; 136:240-250. [PMID: 36638508 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000006233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One in 7 children will need general anesthesia (GA) before the age of 3. Brain toxicity of anesthetics is controversial. Our objective was to clarify whether exposure of GA to the developing brain could lead to lasting behavioral and structural brain changes. METHODS A first study was performed in mice. The behaviors (fear conditioning, Y-maze, and actimetry) and brain anatomy (high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging) of 6- to 8-week-old Swiss mice exposed or not exposed to GA from 4 to 10 days old were evaluated. A second study was a complementary analysis from the preexisting APprentissages EXécutifs et cerveau chez les enfants d'âge scolaire (APEX) cohort to assess the replicability of our data in humans. The behaviors (behavior rating inventory of executive function, emotional control, and working memory score, Backward Digit Span, and Raven 36) and brain anatomy (high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging) were compared in 102 children 9 to 10 years of age exposed or not exposed to a single GA (surgery) during infancy. RESULTS The animal study revealed chronic exacerbated fear behavior in the adult mice (95% confidence interval [CI], 4-80; P = .03) exposed to postnatal GA; this was associated with an 11% (95% CI, 7.5-14.5) reduction of the periaqueductal gray matter (P = .046). The study in humans suggested lower emotional control (95% CI, 0.33-9.10; P = .06) and a 6.1% (95% CI, 4.3-7.8) reduction in the posterior part of the right inferior frontal gyrus (P = .019) in the children who had been exposed to a single GA procedure. CONCLUSIONS The preclinical and clinical findings of these independent studies suggest lasting effects of early life exposure to anesthetics on later emotional control behaviors and brain structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Salaün
- From the Normandie Universite UNICAEN, INSERM, GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Caen, France.,Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, CHU Caen, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France
| | - Audrey Chagnot
- From the Normandie Universite UNICAEN, INSERM, GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Caen, France
| | - Arnaud Cachia
- Université de Paris, LaPsyDé, CNRS, Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Poirel
- Université de Paris, LaPsyDé, CNRS, Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.,GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Valérie Datin-Dorrière
- Université de Paris, LaPsyDé, CNRS, Paris, France.,GIP Cyceron, Caen, France.,Department of Neonatology, CHU Caen, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France
| | - Cléo Dujarrier
- From the Normandie Universite UNICAEN, INSERM, GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Caen, France
| | - Eloïse Lemarchand
- From the Normandie Universite UNICAEN, INSERM, GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Caen, France
| | - Marine Rolland
- From the Normandie Universite UNICAEN, INSERM, GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Caen, France.,Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, CHU Caen, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France
| | | | | | | | - Olivier Houdé
- Université de Paris, LaPsyDé, CNRS, Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.,GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Damien Levard
- From the Normandie Universite UNICAEN, INSERM, GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Caen, France
| | - Clément Gakuba
- From the Normandie Universite UNICAEN, INSERM, GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Caen, France.,Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, CHU Caen, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France
| | - Marine Moyon
- Université de Paris, LaPsyDé, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Mikael Naveau
- CNRS, GIP Cyceron, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - François Orliac
- Université de Paris, LaPsyDé, CNRS, Paris, France.,GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Gilles Orliaguet
- Department of Pediatric Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, AP-HP, Centre - Université de Paris, France, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Hanouz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, CHU Caen, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France.,Caen Normandy University, Unicaen, Caen, France
| | - Véronique Agin
- From the Normandie Universite UNICAEN, INSERM, GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Caen, France
| | - Grégoire Borst
- Université de Paris, LaPsyDé, CNRS, Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Denis Vivien
- From the Normandie Universite UNICAEN, INSERM, GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Caen, France.,Department of Clinical Research, CHU Caen, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France
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5
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Doucet GE, Hamlin N, Kruse JA, Taylor BK, Poirel N. Link between fluid/crystallized intelligence and global/local visual abilities across adulthood. Conscious Cogn 2022; 106:103429. [PMID: 36306570 PMCID: PMC10481540 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2022.103429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Human visual processing involves the extraction of both global and local information from a visual stimulus. Such processing may be related to cognitive abilities, which is likely going to change over time as we age. We aimed to investigate the impact of healthy aging on the association between visual global vs local processing and intelligence. In this context, we collected behavioral data during a visual search task in 103 adults (50 younger/53 older). We extracted three metrics reflecting global advantage (faster global than local processing), and visual interference in detecting either local or global features (based on interfering visual distractors). We found that older, but not younger, adults with higher levels of fluid and crystallized intelligence showed stronger signs of global advantage and interference effects during local processing, respectively. The present findings also provide promising clues regarding how participants consider and process their visual world in healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaelle E Doucet
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, USA; Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Noah Hamlin
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jordanna A Kruse
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Brittany K Taylor
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, USA; Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Nicolas Poirel
- Université Paris Cité, LaPsyDÉ, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France; GIP Cyceron, Caen, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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6
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Bouhassoun S, Gerlach C, Borst G, Poirel N. Framing the area: An efficient approach for avoiding visual interference and optimising visual search in adolescents. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2021; 75:2012-2022. [PMID: 34812112 DOI: 10.1177/17470218211065011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Attentional resources are limited, and resistance to interference plays a critical role during cognitive tasks and learning. Previous studies have shown that participants find it difficult to avoid being distracted by global visual information when processing local details. In this study, we investigated an innovative approach for enhancing the processing of local visual details by middle-school adolescents. Two groups completed a classic global/local visual search task in which a predefined target could appear at the global or local level, either with or without a frame. The results from the no-frame display group provided a direct replication in adolescents of previous findings in adults, with increasing number of interferent stimuli presented in the display adversely affecting detection of local targets. In addition, by varying the numbers of distractors inside and outside the frame, we showed that distractors only interfered with the processing of local information inside the frame, while the deleterious impact of increases in distracting information was prevented when the distractors were outside the frame. These findings suggest that when a frame delimits an attentional area, the influence of an increasing number of distractors present outside the frame is eliminated. We assume that application of a frame allows for efficient delimitation of attention deployment to a restricted topographical visual area in adolescents. These results evidence that processing of local details can be improved without modifying the structure of the stimuli, and provide promising clues for optimising attentional resources during time-absorbing visual searches. Applicable implications in the educational field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Bouhassoun
- Université de Paris, LaPsyDÉ, CNRS, Paris, France.,GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Christian Gerlach
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Grégoire Borst
- Université de Paris, LaPsyDÉ, CNRS, Paris, France.,GIP Cyceron, Caen, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Poirel
- Université de Paris, LaPsyDÉ, CNRS, Paris, France.,GIP Cyceron, Caen, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
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7
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Leroux E, Poirel N, Dollfus S. Anatomical Connectivity of the Visuospatial Attentional Network in Schizophrenia: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Tractography Study. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 32:266-273. [PMID: 31948322 DOI: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.19040101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In healthy individuals, the visuospatial attentional network consists of frontoparietal bundles; however, the anatomical organization of this network in persons with schizophrenia remains largely unknown. Using diffusion tensor imaging-based tractography, the authors investigated the white matter integrity and volume of frontoparietal and frontotemporo-occipital bundles in the right and left hemispheres and studied their structural asymmetry in persons with schizophrenia and in healthy individuals. METHODS This study included 34 participants with schizophrenia and 69 healthy individuals. Integrity parameters and volume were calculated in the three branches of the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF I, II, and III), the inferior longitudinal fasciculus, and the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus in both hemispheres. RESULTS In the SLF II and SLF III of the right hemisphere, healthy individuals showed greater integrity, compared with participants with schizophrenia. Both groups presented increased integrity in the SLF III of the right hemisphere, compared with the SLF III of the left hemisphere, but only healthy individuals had this pattern regarding the SLF II. Bundle volumes did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to describe the structural hemispheric lateralization and organization of the visuospatial attentional network in persons with schizophrenia. The main findings indicate loss of integrity in the SLF II, associated with loss of asymmetry in participants with schizophrenia, compared with healthy individuals, suggesting a potential substrate of attentional deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Leroux
- The Department of Psychiatry, Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, France (Leroux, Dollfus); Université de Paris, LaPsyDÉ, UMR 8240, CNRS, Paris (Poirel); Institut Universitaire de France, Paris (Poirel); Service de Psychiatrie Adulte, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen, Caen, France (Dollfus); and the Department of Psychiatry, UFR de Médecine, Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, France (Dollfus)
| | - Nicolas Poirel
- The Department of Psychiatry, Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, France (Leroux, Dollfus); Université de Paris, LaPsyDÉ, UMR 8240, CNRS, Paris (Poirel); Institut Universitaire de France, Paris (Poirel); Service de Psychiatrie Adulte, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen, Caen, France (Dollfus); and the Department of Psychiatry, UFR de Médecine, Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, France (Dollfus)
| | - Sonia Dollfus
- The Department of Psychiatry, Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, France (Leroux, Dollfus); Université de Paris, LaPsyDÉ, UMR 8240, CNRS, Paris (Poirel); Institut Universitaire de France, Paris (Poirel); Service de Psychiatrie Adulte, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen, Caen, France (Dollfus); and the Department of Psychiatry, UFR de Médecine, Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, France (Dollfus)
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8
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Salaün JP, Poirel N, Dahmani S, Chagnot A, Gakuba C, Ali C, Gérard JL, Hanouz JL, Orliaguet G, Vivien D. Preventing the Long-term Effects of General Anesthesia on the Developing Brain: How Translational Research can Contribute. Neuroscience 2021; 461:172-179. [PMID: 33675916 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In 2017, the Food and Drug Administration published a safety recommendation to limit the exposure to general anesthesia as much as possible below the age of three. Indeed, several preclinical and clinical studies have questioned the possible toxicity of general anesthesia on the developing brain. Since then, recent clinical studies tried to mitigate this alarming issue. What is true, what is false? Contrary to some perceptions, the debate is not over yet. Only stronger translational research will allow scientists to provide concrete answers to this public health issue. In this review, we will provide and discuss the more recent data in this field, including the point of view of preclinical researchers, neuropsychologists and pediatric anesthesiologists. Through translational research, preclinical researchers have more than ever a role to play to better understand and identify long-term effects of general anesthesia for pediatric surgery on brain development in order to minimize it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Salaün
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Caen University Hospital, Avenue de la Côte de Nacre, Caen 14033, France; Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM, UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Institute Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), GIP Cyceron, Caen 14000, France.
| | - Nicolas Poirel
- Université de Paris, LaPsyDÉ, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Souhayl Dahmani
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Robert Debre University Hospital, Paris, France; Paris Diderot University, 10 Avenue de Verdun, 75010 Paris, France; DHU PROTECT, INSERM U1141, Robert Debre University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Chagnot
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM, UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Institute Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), GIP Cyceron, Caen 14000, France
| | - Clément Gakuba
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Caen University Hospital, Avenue de la Côte de Nacre, Caen 14033, France; Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM, UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Institute Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), GIP Cyceron, Caen 14000, France
| | - Carine Ali
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM, UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Institute Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), GIP Cyceron, Caen 14000, France
| | - Jean-Louis Gérard
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Caen University Hospital, Avenue de la Côte de Nacre, Caen 14033, France
| | - Jean-Luc Hanouz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Caen University Hospital, Avenue de la Côte de Nacre, Caen 14033, France
| | - Gilles Orliaguet
- Department of Pediatric Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, AP-HP. Centre - Université de Paris, France; EA 7323 Université de Paris "Pharmacologie et évaluation des thérapeutiques chez l'enfant et la femme enceinte", Paris, France
| | - Denis Vivien
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM, UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Institute Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), GIP Cyceron, Caen 14000, France; Department of Clinical Research, Caen University Hospital, Avenue de la Côte de Nacre, Caen 14033, France
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9
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Datin-Dorrière V, Borst G, Guillois B, Cachia A, Poirel N. The forest, the trees, and the leaves in preterm children: the impact of prematurity on a visual search task containing three-level hierarchical stimuli. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 30:253-260. [PMID: 32193647 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01510-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Very preterm (VPT; < 33 gestational weeks) children are at risk of developing visuospatial deficits, including local/global attention deficits. They are also more likely to develop poorer inhibitory control. Here, we investigated, using the same stimuli, the potential local/global attention and inhibitory control deficits of VPT children using three levels compound stimuli (global, intermediate, and local levels), more ecological than the ones used in a classic global/local task (Navon task). We compared the results from 22 VPT children to those of a control group of 21 children to investigate (1) how VPT children processed compound stimuli with three-level information and (2) how inhibitory control in a visual task differs between VPT and control children. The results revealed that VPT children had no difficulty processing information presented at the local level. By contrast, VPT children were impaired when considering the intermediate and global levels of processing in comparison to control children. Finally, a reduced efficiency in VPT children in inhibiting visual distractors was evidenced for the conditions with a larger number of distractors. These results are discussed in terms of neurodevelopmental disorders of both dorsal stream (global visual processing) and prefrontal regions (inhibitory control) in VPT children. Given the central role of visuospatial and inhibitory control in day-to-day situations, the present results provide important clues for pedagogical implications regarding the organization of visual information presented to VPT children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Datin-Dorrière
- Université de Paris, LaPsyDÉ, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France.,Service de Néonatologie, CHU Caen, Caen, France.,GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Grégoire Borst
- Université de Paris, LaPsyDÉ, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | | | - Arnaud Cachia
- Université de Paris, LaPsyDÉ, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Poirel
- Université de Paris, LaPsyDÉ, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France. .,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France. .,GIP Cyceron, Caen, France.
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10
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Delalande L, Moyon M, Tissier C, Dorriere V, Guillois B, Mevell K, Charron S, Salvia E, Poirel N, Vidal J, Lion S, Oppenheim C, Houdé O, Cachia A, Borst G. Complex and subtle structural changes in prefrontal cortex induced by inhibitory control training from childhood to adolescence. Dev Sci 2019; 23:e12898. [PMID: 31469938 DOI: 10.1111/desc.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A number of training interventions have been designed to improve executive functions and inhibitory control (IC) across the lifespan. Surprisingly, no study has investigated the structural neuroplasticity induced by IC training from childhood to late adolescence, a developmental period characterized by IC efficiency improvement and protracted maturation of prefrontal cortex (PFC) subregions involved in IC. The aim of the present study was to investigate the behavioral and structural changes induced by a 5-week computerized and adaptive IC training in school-aged children (10-year-olds) and in adolescents (16-year-olds). Sixty-four children and 59 adolescents were randomly assigned to an IC (i.e. Color-Word Stroop and Stop-Signal tasks) or an active control (AC) (knowledge- and vocabulary-based tasks) training group. In the pre- and posttraining sessions, participants performed the Color-Word Stroop and Stop-signal tasks, and an anatomical resonance imaging (MRI) was acquired for each of them. Children's IC efficiency improved from the pre- to the posttraining session in boys but not in girls. In adolescents, IC efficiency did not improve after IC training. Similar to the neuroplastic mechanisms observed during brain maturation, we observed IC training-related changes in cortical thickness and cortical surface area in several PFC subregions (e.g. the pars opercularis, triangularis, and orbitalis of the inferior frontal gyri) that were age- and gender-specific. Because no correction for multiple comparisons was applied, the results of our study provide only preliminary evidence of the complex structural neuroplastic mechanisms at the root of behavioral changes in IC efficiency from pre- to posttraining in school-aged children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marine Moyon
- Université de Paris, LaPsyDÉ, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Cloélia Tissier
- Université de Paris, LaPsyDÉ, CNRS, Paris, France.,Biomarkers of Brain Development and Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM UMR894, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Katel Mevell
- Université de Paris, LaPsyDÉ, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Charron
- Université de Paris, LaPsyDÉ, CNRS, Paris, France.,Biomarkers of Brain Development and Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM UMR894, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Julie Vidal
- Université de Paris, LaPsyDÉ, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Lion
- Biomarkers of Brain Development and Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM UMR894, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Oppenheim
- Biomarkers of Brain Development and Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM UMR894, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Houdé
- Université de Paris, LaPsyDÉ, CNRS, Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Cachia
- Université de Paris, LaPsyDÉ, CNRS, Paris, France.,Biomarkers of Brain Development and Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM UMR894, Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Grégoire Borst
- Université de Paris, LaPsyDÉ, CNRS, Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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11
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Mevel K, Borst G, Poirel N, Simon G, Orliac F, Etard O, Houdé O, De Neys W. Developmental frontal brain activation differences in overcoming heuristic bias. Cortex 2019; 117:111-121. [PMID: 30959421 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Since reasoning is often biased by intuitive heuristics, the development of sound reasoning has long been postulated to depend on successful bias monitoring and inhibition. The present fMRI study aimed to identify neural correlates of developmental changes in these processes. A group of adults and young adolescents were presented with ratio-bias problems in which an intuitively cued heuristic response could be incongruent (conflict item) or congruent (no-conflict item) with the correct response. Results showed that successfully avoiding biased responding on conflict items across both age groups was associated with increased activation in Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) and the right Lateral Prefrontal Cortex (LPFC) regions of interest. Critically, the right LPFC activation decreased with age. Biased responding did not result in right LPFC or ACC modulation and failed to show any developmental activation changes. We discuss implications for ongoing debates on the nature of heuristic bias and its development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katell Mevel
- Laboratory for the Psychology of Child Development and Education, Sorbonne, CNRS UMR, 8240, Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Grégoire Borst
- Laboratory for the Psychology of Child Development and Education, Sorbonne, CNRS UMR, 8240, Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Poirel
- Laboratory for the Psychology of Child Development and Education, Sorbonne, CNRS UMR, 8240, Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Grégory Simon
- Laboratory for the Psychology of Child Development and Education, Sorbonne, CNRS UMR, 8240, Paris, France; Université de Normandie, ISTS, EA 7466, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - François Orliac
- Laboratory for the Psychology of Child Development and Education, Sorbonne, CNRS UMR, 8240, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Etard
- Université de Normandie, ISTS, EA 7466, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen, Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles du Système Nerveux, Caen, France
| | - Olivier Houdé
- Laboratory for the Psychology of Child Development and Education, Sorbonne, CNRS UMR, 8240, Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Wim De Neys
- Laboratory for the Psychology of Child Development and Education, Sorbonne, CNRS UMR, 8240, Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; CNRS, France.
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12
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Camarda A, Salvia É, Vidal J, Weil B, Poirel N, Houdé O, Borst G, Cassotti M. Neural basis of functional fixedness during creative idea generation: An EEG study. Neuropsychologia 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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13
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Gerlach C, Poirel N. Navon's classical paradigm concerning local and global processing relates systematically to visual object classification performance. Sci Rep 2018; 8:324. [PMID: 29321634 PMCID: PMC5762637 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18664-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Forty years ago David Navon tried to tackle a central problem in psychology concerning the time course of perceptual processing: Do we first see the details (local level) followed by the overall outlay (global level) or is it rather the other way around? He did this by developing a now classical paradigm involving the presentation of compound stimuli; large letters composed of smaller letters. Despite the usefulness of this paradigm it remains uncertain whether effects found with compound stimuli relate directly to visual object recognition. It does so because compound stimuli are not actual objects but rather formations of elements and because the elements that form the global shape of compound stimuli are not features of the global shape but rather objects in their own right. To examine the relationship between performance on Navon’s paradigm and visual object processing we derived two indexes from Navon’s paradigm that reflect different aspects of the relationship between global and local processing. We find that individual differences on these indexes can explain a considerable amount of variance in two standard object classification paradigms; object decision and superordinate categorization, suggesting that Navon’s paradigm does relate to visual object processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gerlach
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Nicolas Poirel
- LaPsyDÉ, UMR 8240, CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Université Caen Normandie, Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
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14
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Krakowski CS, Poirel N, Vidal J, Roëll M, Pineau A, Borst G, Houdé O. The forest, the trees, and the leaves: Differences of processing across development. Dev Psychol 2016; 52:1262-72. [DOI: 10.1037/dev0000138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Krakowski CS, Borst G, Pineau A, Houdé O, Poirel N. You can detect the trees as well as the forest when adding the leaves: evidence from visual search tasks containing three-level hierarchical stimuli. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2015; 157:131-43. [PMID: 25796055 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated how multiple levels of hierarchical stimuli (i.e., global, intermediate and local) are processed during a visual search task. Healthy adults participated in a visual search task in which a target was either present or not at one of the three levels of hierarchical stimuli (global geometrical form made by intermediate forms themselves constituted by local forms). By varying the number of distractors, the results showed that targets presented at global and intermediate levels were detected efficiently (i.e., the detection times did not vary with the number of distractors) whereas local targets were processed less efficiently (i.e., the detection times increased with the number of distractors). Additional experiments confirmed that these results were not due to the size of the target elements or to the spatial proximity among the structural levels. Taken together, these results show that the most local level is always processed less efficiently, suggesting that it is disadvantaged during the competition for attentional resources compared to higher structural levels. The present study thus supports the view that the processing occurring in visual search acts dichotomously rather than continuously. Given that pure structuralist and pure space-based models of attention cannot account for the pattern of our findings, we discuss the implication for perception, attentional selection and executive control of target position on hierarchical stimuli.
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16
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Mevel K, Poirel N, Rossi S, Cassotti M, Simon G, Houdé O, De Neys W. Bias detection: Response confidence evidence for conflict sensitivity in the ratio bias task. Journal of Cognitive Psychology 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2014.986487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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17
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Abstract
The visual environment consists of global structures (e.g., a forest) made up of local parts (e.g., trees). When compound stimuli are presented (e.g., large global letters composed of arrangements of small local letters), the global unattended information slows responses to local targets. Using a negative priming paradigm, we investigated whether inhibition is required to process hierarchical stimuli when information at the local level is in conflict with the one at the global level. The results show that when local and global information is in conflict, global information must be inhibited to process local information, but that the reverse is not true. This finding has potential direct implications for brain models of visual recognition, by suggesting that when local information is conflicting with global information, inhibitory control reduces feedback activity from global information (e.g., inhibits the forest) which allows the visual system to process local information (e.g., to focus attention on a particular tree).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Poirel
- LaPsyDÉ, Unité CNRS 3521, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université de Caen, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Claire Sara Krakowski
- LaPsyDÉ, Unité CNRS 3521, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université de Caen, France
| | - Sabrina Sayah
- LaPsyDÉ, Unité CNRS 3521, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université de Caen, France
| | - Arlette Pineau
- LaPsyDÉ, Unité CNRS 3521, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université de Caen, France
| | - Olivier Houdé
- LaPsyDÉ, Unité CNRS 3521, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université de Caen, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Grégoire Borst
- LaPsyDÉ, Unité CNRS 3521, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université de Caen, France
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18
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Borst G, Cachia A, Vidal J, Simon G, Fischer C, Pineau A, Poirel N, Mangin JF, Houdé O. Folding of the anterior cingulate cortex partially explains inhibitory control during childhood: a longitudinal study. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2014; 9:126-35. [PMID: 24642370 PMCID: PMC6989755 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Difficulties in cognitive control are related to several psychiatric conditions. Inhibitory control (IC) of children predicts academic and professional successes. ACC sulcal patterns at age 5 were related to IC efficiency at age 5 (Stroop scores). ACC sulcal patterns at age 5 explained IC efficiency at age 9 (Stroop scores). ACC sulcal patterns constrain IC efficiency during childhood.
Difficulties in cognitive control including inhibitory control (IC) are related to the pathophysiology of several psychiatric conditions. In healthy subjects, IC efficiency in childhood is a strong predictor of academic and professional successes later in life. The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is one of the core structures responsible for IC. Although quantitative structural characteristics of the ACC contribute to IC efficiency, the qualitative structural brain characteristics contributing to IC development are less-understood. Using anatomical magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated whether the ACC sulcal pattern at age 5, a stable qualitative characteristic of the brain determined in utero, explains IC at age 9. 18 children performed Stroop tasks at age 5 and age 9. Children with asymmetrical ACC sulcal patterns (n = 7) had better IC efficiency at age 5 and age 9 than children with symmetrical ACC sulcal patterns (n = 11). The ACC sulcal patterns appear to affect specifically IC efficiency given that the ACC sulcal patterns had no effect on verbal working memory. Our study provides the first evidence that the ACC sulcal pattern – a qualitative structural characteristic of the brain not affected by maturation and learning after birth – partially explains IC efficiency during childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Borst
- CNRS U8240, Laboratory for the Psychology of Child Development and Education, Sorbonne, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Caen Basse Normandie, Caen, France.
| | - A Cachia
- CNRS U8240, Laboratory for the Psychology of Child Development and Education, Sorbonne, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Caen Basse Normandie, Caen, France
| | - J Vidal
- CNRS U8240, Laboratory for the Psychology of Child Development and Education, Sorbonne, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Caen Basse Normandie, Caen, France
| | - G Simon
- CNRS U8240, Laboratory for the Psychology of Child Development and Education, Sorbonne, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Caen Basse Normandie, Caen, France
| | | | - A Pineau
- CNRS U8240, Laboratory for the Psychology of Child Development and Education, Sorbonne, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Caen Basse Normandie, Caen, France
| | - N Poirel
- CNRS U8240, Laboratory for the Psychology of Child Development and Education, Sorbonne, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Caen Basse Normandie, Caen, France; Institut Universitaire de France, France
| | | | - O Houdé
- CNRS U8240, Laboratory for the Psychology of Child Development and Education, Sorbonne, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Caen Basse Normandie, Caen, France; Institut Universitaire de France, France
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Agogué M, Kazakçi A, Hatchuel A, Le Masson P, Weil B, Poirel N, Cassotti M. The Impact of Type of Examples on Originality: Explaining Fixation and Stimulation Effects. J Creat Behav 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jocb.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nicolas Poirel
- Université Paris Descartes
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF)
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20
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Beaucousin V, Simon G, Cassotti M, Pineau A, Houdé O, Poirel N. Global interference during early visual processing: ERP evidence from a rapid global/local selective task. Front Psychol 2013; 4:539. [PMID: 23986728 PMCID: PMC3753554 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Visual perception depends on the integration of local elements of a visual scene into a global frame. Evidence from behavioral studies shows that (1) the detection of the global frame is faster than the detection of the local parts, a phenomenon called the global advantage, and that (2) an interference of the global shape is also present during local processing. Together, these effects are called the global precedence effect (GPE). Even if the global advantage appears to impact neural processing as early as the first 100 ms post-stimulus, previous studies failed to find a global interference effect before 200 ms post-stimulus. Using for the first time a rapid display of letter component stimuli during a global/local selective task in which conditions with perceptual conflict, congruent and incongruent conditions were considered, the present event-related potential (ERP) study shows a global interference effect occurring as early as the time range of the N1 component. In particular, only congruent stimuli elicited similar N1 amplitude during the global and local tasks, whereas an increased of the N1 amplitude during the global task was observed (as compared to the local task) for both stimuli with perceptual conflict and incongruent stimuli. This finding corroborates the recent neural models of human visual perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Beaucousin
- Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Neuropsychologie, EA 2027, Université Paris 8 Paris, France
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21
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Rossi S, Lubin A, Simon G, Lanoë C, Poirel N, Cachia A, Pineau A, Houdé O. Structural brain correlates of executive engagement in working memory: Children's inter-individual differences are reflected in the anterior insular cortex. Neuropsychologia 2013; 51:1145-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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22
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Lubin A, Rossi S, Simon G, Lanoë C, Leroux G, Poirel N, Pineau A, Houdé O. Numerical Transcoding Proficiency in 10-Year-Old Schoolchildren is Associated with Gray Matter Inter-Individual Differences: A Voxel-Based Morphometry Study. Front Psychol 2013; 4:197. [PMID: 23630510 PMCID: PMC3635020 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Are individual differences in numerical performance sustained by variations in gray matter volume in schoolchildren? To our knowledge, this challenging question for neuroeducation has not yet been investigated in typical development. We used the Voxel-Based Morphometry method to search for possible structural brain differences between two groups of 10-year-old schoolchildren (N = 22) whose performance differed only in numerical transcoding between analog and symbolic systems. The results indicated that children with low numerical proficiency have less gray matter volume in the parietal (particularly in the left intraparietal sulcus and the bilateral angular gyri) and occipito-temporal areas. All the identified regions have previously been shown to be functionally involved in transcoding between analog and symbolic numerical systems. Our data contribute to a better understanding of the intertwined relationships between mathematics learning and brain structure in healthy schoolchildren.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Lubin
- Laboratory for the Psychology of Child Development and Education, Sorbonne, CNRS, Unit 3521 Paris, France ; Sorbonne-Paris-Cité Alliance for Higher Education and Research, Paris Descartes University Paris, France
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23
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Borst G, Poirel N, Pineau A, Cassotti M, Houdé O. Inhibitory control efficiency in a Piaget-like class-inclusion task in school-age children and adults: A developmental negative priming study. Dev Psychol 2013; 49:1366-74. [DOI: 10.1037/a0029622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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24
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Poirel N, Borst G, Simon G, Rossi S, Cassotti M, Pineau A, Houdé O. Number conservation is related to children's prefrontal inhibitory control: an fMRI study of a piagetian task. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40802. [PMID: 22815825 PMCID: PMC3397932 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although young children can accurately determine that two rows contain the same number of coins when they are placed in a one-to-one correspondence, children younger than 7 years of age erroneously think that the longer row contains more coins when the coins in one of the rows are spread apart. To demonstrate that prefrontal inhibitory control is necessary to succeed at this task (Piaget's conservation-of-number task), we studied the relationship between the percentage of BOLD signal changes in the brain areas activated in this developmental task and behavioral performance on a Stroop task and a Backward Digit Span task. The level of activation in the right insula/inferior frontal gyrus was selectively related to inhibitory control efficiency (i.e., the Stroop task), whereas the activation in the left intraparietal sulcus (IPS) was selectively related to the ability to manipulate numerical information in working memory (i.e., the Backward Digit Span task). Taken together, the results indicate that to acquire number conservation, children's brains must not only activate the reversibility of cognitive operations (supported by the IPS) but also inhibit a misleading length-equal-number strategy (supported by the right insula/inferior frontal gyrus).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Poirel
- Laboratoire de Pychologie du Développement et de l'Éducation de l'enfant (LaPsyDÉ, Unité CNRS 3521), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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25
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Borst G, Poirel N, Pineau A, Cassotti M, Houdé O. Inhibitory control in number-conservation and class-inclusion tasks: A neo-Piagetian inter-task priming study. Cognitive Development 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cogdev.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Aïte A, Cassotti M, Rossi S, Poirel N, Lubin A, Houdé O, Moutier S. Is human decision making under ambiguity guided by loss frequency regardless of the costs? A developmental study using the Soochow Gambling Task. J Exp Child Psychol 2012; 113:286-94. [PMID: 22727674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2012.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Converging developmental decision-making studies have demonstrated that until late adolescence, individuals prefer options for which the risk of a loss is low regardless of the final outcome. Recent works have shown a similar inability to consider both loss frequency and final outcome among adults. The current study aimed to identify developmental changes in feedback-monitoring ability to consider both loss frequency and final outcome in decision making under ambiguity. Children, adolescents, and adults performed an adapted version of the Soochow Gambling Task. Our results showed that children and adolescents presented an exclusive preference for options associated with infrequent punishment. In contrast, only adults seemed to consider both loss frequency and the final outcome by favoring the advantageous options when the frequency of losses was low. These findings suggest that the ability to integrate both loss frequency and final outcome develops with age. Moreover, the analysis of strategic adjustments following gains and losses reveals that adults switch less often after losses compared with children and adolescents. This finding suggests that psychological tolerance to loss may facilitate learning the characteristics of each option and improve the ability to choose advantageously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ania Aïte
- LaPsyDÉ, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.
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Poirel N, Cassotti M, Beaucousin V, Pineau A, Houdé O. Pleasant emotional induction broadens the visual world of young children. Cogn Emot 2012; 26:186-91. [PMID: 21824012 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2011.589430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Cassotti M, Habib M, Poirel N, Aïte A, Houdé O, Moutier S. Positive emotional context eliminates the framing effect in decision-making. Emotion 2012; 12:926-31. [DOI: 10.1037/a0026788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Poirel N, Vidal M, Pineau A, Lanoë C, Leroux G, Lubin A, Turbelin MR, Berthoz A, Houdé O. Evidence of different developmental trajectories for length estimation according to egocentric and allocentric viewpoints in children and adults. Exp Psychol 2011; 58:142-6. [PMID: 21106477 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of egocentric and allocentric viewpoints on a comparison task of length estimation in children and adults. A total of 100 participants ranging in age from 5 years to adulthood were presented with virtual scenes representing a park landscape with two paths, one straight and one serpentine. Scenes were presented either from an egocentric or allocentric viewpoint. Results showed that when the two paths had the same length, participants always overestimated the length of the straight line for allocentric trials, whereas a development from a systematic overestimation in children to an underestimation of the straight line length in adults was found for egocentric trials. We discuss these findings in terms of the influences of both bias-inhibition processes and school acquisitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Poirel
- UMR 6232, Ci-NAPS, CNRS, CEA, University of Caen & University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Manuel Vidal
- UMR 7152, LPPA, CNRS, Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Arlette Pineau
- UMR 6232, Ci-NAPS, CNRS, CEA, University of Caen & University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Céline Lanoë
- UMR 6232, Ci-NAPS, CNRS, CEA, University of Caen & University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Gaëlle Leroux
- UMR 6232, Ci-NAPS, CNRS, CEA, University of Caen & University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Amélie Lubin
- UMR 6232, Ci-NAPS, CNRS, CEA, University of Caen & University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Renée Turbelin
- UMR 6232, Ci-NAPS, CNRS, CEA, University of Caen & University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Alain Berthoz
- UMR 7152, LPPA, CNRS, Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Houdé
- UMR 6232, Ci-NAPS, CNRS, CEA, University of Caen & University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne, Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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Poirel N, Simon G, Cassotti M, Leroux G, Perchey G, Lanoë C, Lubin A, Turbelin MR, Rossi S, Pineau A, Houdé O. The shift from local to global visual processing in 6-year-old children is associated with grey matter loss. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20879. [PMID: 21687636 PMCID: PMC3110822 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A real-world visual scene consists of local elements (e.g. trees) that are arranged coherently into a global configuration (e.g. a forest). Children show psychological evolution from a preference for local visual information to an adult-like preference for global visual information, with the transition in visual preference occurring around 6 years of age. The brain regions involved in this shift in visual preference have not been described. Methods and Results We used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to study children during this developmental window to investigate changes in gray matter that underlie the shift from a bias for local to global visual information. Six-year-old children were assigned to groups according to their judgment on a global/local task. The first group included children who still presented with local visual processing biases, and the second group included children who showed global visual processing biases. VBM results indicated that compared to children with local visual processing biases, children with global visual processing biases had a loss of gray matter in the right occipital and parietal visuospatial areas. Conclusions These anatomical findings are in agreement with previous findings in children with neurodevelopmental disorders and represent the first structural identification of brain regions that allow healthy children to develop a global perception of the visual world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Poirel
- UMR 6232, CI-NAPS, CNRS, CEA, Caen University and Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne, France.
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Beaucousin V, Cassotti M, Simon G, Pineau A, Kostova M, Houdé O, Poirel N. ERP evidence of a meaningfulness impact on visual global/local processing: When meaning captures attention. Neuropsychologia 2011; 49:1258-1266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lubin A, Poirel N, Rossi S, Lanoë C, Pineau A, Houdé O. Pedagogical Effect of Action on Arithmetic Performances in Wynn-Like Tasks Solved by 2-Year-Olds. Exp Psychol 2010; 57:405-11. [PMID: 20178936 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have provided evidence of interference due to a language-default mode (i.e., the singular/plural opposition) in 2-year-old children when solving arithmetic problems using a traditional onlooker method. However, an action-based method could help to bypass this language bias. In particular, when an arithmetic problem is presented to the children by the experimenter (onlooker mode) or realized by the children themselves (actor mode), performances are better with the latter. Thus, an experimental procedure based on “math in action” allows a brain-and-mind shift from a global language-bias (singular/plural) strategy to an exact numerical strategy. In this framework, we examined whether the exact numerical strategy induced by the actor method remains operational when children had to subsequently solve the same arithmetic problem using the traditional onlooker method. Results from 112 children suggest that this pedagogical effect of action bypasses the interference from language in onlooker mode after an initial confrontation of the problem in actor mode. This enduring embodiment effect has important implications for cognitive and preschool assessment in toddlers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Lubin
- UMR 6232 (CI-NAPS), CNRS, CEA, University of Caen & University of Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne, France
| | - Nicolas Poirel
- UMR 6232 (CI-NAPS), CNRS, CEA, University of Caen & University of Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne, France
| | - Sandrine Rossi
- UMR 6232 (CI-NAPS), CNRS, CEA, University of Caen & University of Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne, France
| | - Céline Lanoë
- UMR 6232 (CI-NAPS), CNRS, CEA, University of Caen & University of Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne, France
| | - Arlette Pineau
- UMR 6232 (CI-NAPS), CNRS, CEA, University of Caen & University of Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne, France
| | - Olivier Houdé
- UMR 6232 (CI-NAPS), CNRS, CEA, University of Caen & University of Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, France
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Poirel N, Mellet E, Houdé O, Pineau A. First came the trees, then the forest: Developmental changes during childhood in the processing of visual local-global patterns according to the meaningfulness of the stimuli. Dev Psychol 2008; 44:245-53. [DOI: 10.1037/0012-1649.44.1.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Poirel N, Pineau A, Mellet E. What does the nature of the stimuli tell us about the Global Precedence Effect? Acta Psychol (Amst) 2008; 127:1-11. [PMID: 17240344 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2006.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2006] [Revised: 11/27/2006] [Accepted: 12/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The "Global Precedence Effect" (GPE) is a well-established phenomenon characterised by a global advantage (global response times that are faster than local response times) and an interference effect from global distractors during identification of local targets but not vice versa. In the present study, two experiments were carried out to examine how the GPE is affected by the meaningfulness of the stimuli. Using global/local compound stimuli based on either meaningful or meaningless stimuli, we found, on the one hand, that the global level was always processed faster than the local level, irrespective of the meaningfulness of the material. On the other hand, results show that the interference effect occurred only with meaningful stimuli. We propose that automatic identification of meaningful stimuli plays a role in the interference effect. These results suggest that the GPE involves both "sensory mechanisms" (responsible for the global advantage) and "cognitive mechanisms" (responsible for the interference effect).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Poirel
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle (GIN) UMR 6194, CNRS, CEA, University of Caen and University of Paris V, France
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Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated that the well-known global precedence effect, characterized by a visual bias toward global information, is highly dependent on stimulus characteristics ( Kimchi, 1992 ). Despite the extensive global-local literature, few studies have investigated how interindividual characteristics could affect the global precedence effect. In this framework, we studied the relationship between global-local visual biases and the Group Embedded Figure Test (GEFT), a standardized measure of field dependency. Data from 34 participants were consistent with the idea that an individual’s bias toward the global level is linearly related to his or her degree of field dependence. Given the important role that global-local visual skills play during visuospatial tasks, these results have important implications for future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Poirel
- Ci-NAPS UMR6232, CNRS, CEA, University Caen and University Paris-Descartes, France
| | - Arlette Pineau
- Ci-NAPS UMR6232, CNRS, CEA, University Caen and University Paris-Descartes, France
| | - Gael Jobard
- Ci-NAPS UMR6232, CNRS, CEA, University Caen and University Paris-Descartes, France
| | - Emmanuel Mellet
- Ci-NAPS UMR6232, CNRS, CEA, University Caen and University Paris-Descartes, France
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Poirel N, Pineau A, Mellet E. Implicit identification of irrelevant local objects interacts with global/local processing of hierarchical stimuli. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2006; 122:321-36. [PMID: 16574048 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2005.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2005] [Revised: 11/15/2005] [Accepted: 12/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aimed at studying interactions between automatic object identification and global/local perceptual processing. We designed a paradigm in which participants were presented with pairs of hierarchically organized items, composed of global forms made up of local forms. Both global and local forms could represent either objects or non-objects. Subjects were instructed to detect whether the two hierarchical items composing a pair were identical or different. In a dissimilar pair, items differed at one level (target level), the other level, made of similar forms on both sides, was irrelevant to perform the task. We hypothesized that the automatic identification of object could affect the global precedence principle defined by Navon. In agreement with our hypothesis, we found that when the irrelevant level was made of objects, the global precedence effect was reversed. In contrast, the irrelevant level had no effect when the target level included only objects, or when the irrelevant level was made of non-object, the global precedence principle was being preserved in these cases. This interaction is compatible with the existence of two distinct processes working in parallel, namely automatic identification and structural analysis, that could either interfere or act together for the detection of differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Poirel
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle (GIN) UMR 6194, CNRS, CEA, Univ. Caen and Univ. Paris V, France
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