1
|
Katsumi A, Iwata S, Tsukiura T. Roles of the Default Mode Network in Different Aspects of Self-representation When Remembering Social Autobiographical Memories. J Cogn Neurosci 2024; 36:1021-1036. [PMID: 38527069 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Autobiographical memory (AM) is episodic memory for personally experienced events, in which self-representation is more important than that in laboratory-based memory. Theoretically, self-representation in a social context is categorized as the interpersonal self (IS) referred to in a social interaction with a person or the social-valued self (SS) based on the reputation of the self in the surrounding society. Although functional neuroimaging studies have demonstrated the involvement of the default mode network (DMN) in self-representation, little is known about how the DMN subsystems contribute differentially to IS-related and SS-related AMs. To elucidate this issue, we used fMRI to scan healthy young adults during the recollection of AMs. We performed multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) and assessed functional connectivity in the DMN subsystems: the midline core, medial temporal lobe (MTL), and dorsomedial pFC (dmPFC) subsystems. The study yielded two main sets of findings. First, MVPA revealed that all DMN subsystems showed significant classification accuracy between IS-related and nonsocial-self-related AMs, and IS-related functional connectivity of the midline core regions with the retrosplenial cortex of the MTL subsystem and the dmPFC of the dmPFC subsystem was significant. Second, MVPA significantly distinguished between SS-related and nonsocial-self-related AMs in the midline core and dmPFC subsystems but not in the MTL subsystem, and SS-related functional connectivity with the midline core regions was significant in the temporal pole and TPJ of the dmPFC subsystem. Thus, dissociable neural mechanisms in the DMN could contribute to different aspects of self-representation in social AMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Saeko Iwata
- Kyoto University
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Okumura T, Kida I, Yokoi A, Nakai T, Nishimoto S, Touhara K, Okamoto M. Semantic context-dependent neural representations of odors in the human piriform cortex revealed by 7T MRI. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26681. [PMID: 38656060 PMCID: PMC11041378 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Olfactory perception depends not only on olfactory inputs but also on semantic context. Although multi-voxel activity patterns of the piriform cortex, a part of the primary olfactory cortex, have been shown to represent odor perception, it remains unclear whether semantic contexts modulate odor representation in this region. Here, we investigated whether multi-voxel activity patterns in the piriform cortex change when semantic context modulates odor perception and, if so, whether the modulated areas communicate with brain regions involved in semantic and memory processing beyond the piriform cortex. We also explored regional differences within the piriform cortex, which are influenced by olfactory input and semantic context. We used 2 × 2 combinations of word labels and odorants that were perceived as congruent and measured piriform activity with a 1-mm isotropic resolution using 7T MRI. We found that identical odorants labeled with different words were perceived differently. This labeling effect was observed in multi-voxel activity patterns in the piriform cortex, as the searchlight decoding analysis distinguished identical odors with different labels for half of the examined stimulus pairs. Significant functional connectivity was observed between parts of the piriform cortex that were modulated by labels and regions associated with semantic and memory processing. While the piriform multi-voxel patterns evoked by different olfactory inputs were also distinguishable, the decoding accuracy was significant for only one stimulus pair, preventing definitive conclusions regarding the locational differences between areas influenced by word labels and olfactory inputs. These results suggest that multi-voxel patterns of piriform activity can be modulated by semantic context, possibly due to communication between the piriform cortex and the semantic and memory regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Okumura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT)OsakaJapan
| | - Ikuhiro Kida
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT)OsakaJapan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Atsushi Yokoi
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT)OsakaJapan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Tomoya Nakai
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT)OsakaJapan
| | - Shinji Nishimoto
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT)OsakaJapan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Kazushige Touhara
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI‐IRCN), Institutes for Advanced Study, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Masako Okamoto
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lin N, Zhang X, Wang X, Wang S. The organization of the semantic network as reflected by the neural correlates of six semantic dimensions. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2024; 250:105388. [PMID: 38295716 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2024.105388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sensory-motor and non-sensory-motor dimensions have been proposed for semantic representation, but it remains unclear how the semantic system is organized along them in the human brain. Using naturalistic fMRI data and large-scale semantic ratings, we investigated the overlaps and dissociations between the neural correlates of six semantic dimensions: vision, motor, socialness, emotion, space, and time. Our findings revealed a more complex semantic atlas than what is predicted by current neurobiological models of semantic representation. Brain regions that are selectively sensitive to specific semantic dimensions were found both within and outside the brain networks assumed to represent multimodal general and/or abstract semantics. Overlaps between the neural correlates of different semantic dimensions were mainly found inside the default mode network, concentrated in the left anterior superior temporal gyrus and angular gyrus, which have been proposed as two connector hubs that bridge the multimodal experiential semantic system and the language-supported semantic system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioural Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaohan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems, Institute of Automation, CAS, Beijing, China; School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuyi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioural Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shaonan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems, Institute of Automation, CAS, Beijing, China; School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang H, Yan X, Zhang Q, Wu Q, Qiu L, Zhou J, Guo P. Altered small-world and disrupted topological properties of functional connectivity networks in patients with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2024; 236:108101. [PMID: 38176218 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2023.108101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is a disease of the optic nerve, but its effect on brain network topology is still unclear.This study aimed to investigate brain network alterations in NAION patients and to explore their relationship with functional impairment. METHODS Resting-state functional MRI data were collected from 23 NAION patients and 23 matched healthy control subjects.We used graph theory analysis to investigate the global and nodal network topological properties,and network-based statistical (NBS) methods were used to explore intergroup differences in functional connectivity (FC) strength. RESULTS Compared to the control group, NAION patients had lower global efficiency, normalized clustering coefficient and small-world values and higher characteristic path length (P < 0.05). In the hub distributions of functional networks, the NAION group had one hub region disappearing and four hub regions appearing in nodal degree centrality (Dc), and two hubs disappearing and one hub region appearing in nodal betweenness centrality (Bc). The NAION group also had enhanced brain FC primarily associated with the frontal, prefrontal, parietal lobes and cerebellum. Furthermore, the right temporal pole, superior temporal gyrus (r = -0.424), the right inferior temporal gyrus (r = -0.414), the right cerebellar lobule Ⅵ (r = 0.450), and the left cerebellar lobule crus Ⅰ (r = 0.584) were significantly correlated with clinical severity. CONCLUSION NAION patients show disruption and redistribution of FC in specific regions of the brain network, which may be associated with visual impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiaoling Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Qiuhuan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Lixin Qiu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China.
| | - Pengde Guo
- Department of Radiology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Newell FN, McKenna E, Seveso MA, Devine I, Alahmad F, Hirst RJ, O'Dowd A. Multisensory perception constrains the formation of object categories: a review of evidence from sensory-driven and predictive processes on categorical decisions. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220342. [PMID: 37545304 PMCID: PMC10404931 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although object categorization is a fundamental cognitive ability, it is also a complex process going beyond the perception and organization of sensory stimulation. Here we review existing evidence about how the human brain acquires and organizes multisensory inputs into object representations that may lead to conceptual knowledge in memory. We first focus on evidence for two processes on object perception, multisensory integration of redundant information (e.g. seeing and feeling a shape) and crossmodal, statistical learning of complementary information (e.g. the 'moo' sound of a cow and its visual shape). For both processes, the importance attributed to each sensory input in constructing a multisensory representation of an object depends on the working range of the specific sensory modality, the relative reliability or distinctiveness of the encoded information and top-down predictions. Moreover, apart from sensory-driven influences on perception, the acquisition of featural information across modalities can affect semantic memory and, in turn, influence category decisions. In sum, we argue that both multisensory processes independently constrain the formation of object categories across the lifespan, possibly through early and late integration mechanisms, respectively, to allow us to efficiently achieve the everyday, but remarkable, ability of recognizing objects. This article is part of the theme issue 'Decision and control processes in multisensory perception'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F. N. Newell
- School of Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - E. McKenna
- School of Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - M. A. Seveso
- School of Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - I. Devine
- School of Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - F. Alahmad
- School of Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - R. J. Hirst
- School of Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - A. O'Dowd
- School of Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fan X, Xu Q, Liu J, Xing H, Ning L, Chen Q, Yang Y. The early negative bias of social semantics: evidence from behavioral and ERP studies. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:249. [PMID: 37633981 PMCID: PMC10464141 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01286-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared to nonsocial information, the human brain is more highly sensitive to social information. As a kind of typical social semantic information, the words describing person traits differ from the nonsocial semantic information describing inanimate objects in many ways. It remains to be seen whether the processing of trait words has a valence asymmetric and whether it differs from the processing of nonsocial semantic information in terms of behavioral responses and neural temporal processes. METHOD Taking person and object names as priming stimuli and adjective words only used for describing humans or objects as target stimuli, the present study aimed to investigate the processing characteristics of social and nonsocial semantic information by recording both behavioral and ERP data. RESULTS Behavioral results showed that the response times for negative words were significantly slower than those for positive words whether for social or nonsocial semantic information. The accuracy rates of negative words were significantly lower than those of positive words when the targets were social words which is contrary to the nonsocial words. The ERP results indicated that there was a negative bias effect on the processing of both types of information during the whole time course of brain neural activity; that is, the P2, N400, and LPP amplitudes elicited by negative words were larger than those elicited by positive words; However, the negative bias effect of social semantic information started at the early perceptual stage which was significantly earlier than the onset of negative bias of nonsocial semantic information, and was significantly affected by the prime type. In addition, there was a significant semantic conflict N400 effect only for nonsocial semantic information. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the present study revealed the existence of an early negative bias of social information and provided evidence for the specificity of social information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinfang Fan
- Department of Psychology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Department of Psychology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Psychology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Hongwei Xing
- Department of Psychology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Liangyu Ning
- Department of Psychology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Qingwei Chen
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Lab of Light and Physio-Psychological Health, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yaping Yang
- Department of Psychology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mesulam MM. Temporopolar regions of the human brain. Brain 2023; 146:20-41. [PMID: 36331542 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Following prolonged neglect during the formative decades of behavioural neurology, the temporopolar region has become a site of vibrant research on the neurobiology of cognition and conduct. This turnaround can be attributed to increasing recognition of neurodegenerative diseases that target temporopolar regions for peak destruction. The resultant syndromes include behavioural dementia, associative agnosia, semantic forms of primary progressive aphasia and semantic dementia. Clinicopathological correlations show that object naming and word comprehension are critically dependent on the language-dominant (usually left) temporopolar region, whereas behavioural control and non-verbal object recognition display a more bilateral representation with a rightward bias. Neuroanatomical experiments in macaques and neuroimaging in humans show that the temporoparietal region sits at the confluence of auditory, visual and limbic streams of processing at the downstream (deep) pole of the 'what' pathway. The functional neuroanatomy of this region revolves around three axes, an anterograde horizontal axis from unimodal to heteromodal and paralimbic cortex; a radial axis where visual (ventral), auditory (dorsal) and paralimbic (medial) territories encircle temporopolar cortex and display hemispheric asymmetry; and a vertical depth-of-processing axis for the associative elaboration of words, objects and interoceptive states. One function of this neural matrix is to support the transformation of object and word representations from unimodal percepts to multimodal concepts. The underlying process is likely to start at canonical gateways that successively lead to generic (superordinate), specific (basic) and unique levels of recognition. A first sign of left temporopolar dysfunction takes the form of taxonomic blurring where boundaries among categories are preserved but not boundaries among exemplars of a category. Semantic paraphasias and coordinate errors in word-picture verification tests are consequences of this phenomenon. Eventually, boundaries among categories are also blurred and comprehension impairments become more profound. The medial temporopolar region belongs to the amygdalocentric component of the limbic system and stands to integrate exteroceptive information with interoceptive states underlying social interactions. Review of the pertinent literature shows that word comprehension and conduct impairments caused by temporopolar strokes and temporal lobectomy are far less severe than those seen in temporopolar atrophies. One explanation for this unexpected discrepancy invokes the miswiring of residual temporopolar neurons during the many years of indolently progressive neurodegeneration. According to this hypothesis, the temporopolar regions become not only dysfunctional but also sources of aberrant outputs that interfere with the function of areas elsewhere in the language and paralimbic networks, a juxtaposition not seen in lobectomy or stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Marsel Mesulam
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang L, Zheng W, Yang B, Chen Q, Li X, Chen X, Hu Y, Cao L, Ren J, Qin W, Yang Y, Lu J, Chen N. Altered functional connectivity between primary motor cortex subregions and the whole brain in patients with incomplete cervical spinal cord injury. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:996325. [PMID: 36408378 PMCID: PMC9669417 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.996325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the reorganizations of gray matter volume (GMV) in each subregion of primary motor cortex (M1) after incomplete cervical cord injury (ICCI) and to explore the differences in functional connectivity (FC) between the M1 subregions and the whole brain, and further to disclose the potential value of each M1 subregion in motor function rehabilitation of ICCI patients. Eighteen ICCI patients and eighteen age- and gender- matched healthy controls (HCs) were recruited in this study. The 3D high-resolution T1-weighted structural images and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) of all subjects were obtained using a 3.0 Tesla MRI system. Based on the Human Brainnetome Atlas, the structural and functional changes of M1 subregions (including A4hf, A6cdl, A4ul, A4t, A4tl, A6cvl) in ICCI patients were analyzed by voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and seed-based FC, respectively. Compared with HCs, no structural changes in the M1 subregions of ICCI patients was detected. However, when compared with HCs, ICCI patients exhibited decreased FC in visual related areas (lingual gyrus, fusiform gyrus) and sensorimotor related areas (primary sensorimotor cortex) when the seeds were located in bilateral A4hf, A4ul, and decreased FC in visual related areas (lingual gyrus, fusiform gyrus) and cognitive related areas (temporal pole) when the seed was located in the left A4t. Moreover, when the seeds were located in the bilateral A6cdl, decreased FC in visual related areas (lingual gyrus, fusiform gyrus, calcarine gyrus) was also observed. Our findings demonstrated that each of the M1 regions had diverse FC reorganizations, which may provide a theoretical basis for the selection of precise stimulation targets, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) or transcranial direct current stimulation (tCDS), meanwhile, our results may reveal the possible mechanism of visual feedback and cognitive training to promote motor rehabilitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, Beijing, China
| | - Weimin Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, Beijing, China
| | - Beining Yang
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejing Li
- Department of Radiology, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, Beijing, China
| | - Yongsheng Hu
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Qin
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhui Yang
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lythe KE, Gethin JA, Workman CI, Lambon Ralph MA, Deakin JFW, Moll J, Zahn R. Subgenual activation and the finger of blame: individual differences and depression vulnerability. Psychol Med 2022; 52:1560-1568. [PMID: 32972471 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720003372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subgenual cingulate cortex (SCC) responses to self-blaming emotion-evoking stimuli were previously found in individuals prone to self-blame with and without a history of major depressive disorder (MDD). This suggested SCC activation reflects self-blaming emotions such as guilt, which are central to models of MDD vulnerability. METHOD Here, we re-examined these hypotheses in an independent larger sample. A total of 109 medication-free participants (70 with remitted MDD and 39 healthy controls) underwent fMRI whilst judging self- and other-blaming emotion-evoking statements. They also completed validated questionnaires of proneness to self-blaming emotions including those related to internal (autonomy) and external (sociotropy) evaluation, which were subjected to factor analysis. RESULTS An interaction between group (remitted MDD v. Control) and condition (self- v. other-blame) was observed in the right SCC (BA24). This was due to higher SCC signal for self-blame in remitted MDD and higher other-blame-selective activation in Control participants. Across the whole sample, extracted SCC activation cluster averages for self- v. other-blame were predicted by a regression model which included the reliable components derived from our factor analysis of measures of proneness to self-blaming emotions. Interestingly, this prediction was solely driven by autonomy/self-criticism, and adaptive guilt factors, with no effect of sociotropy/dependency. CONCLUSIONS Despite confirming the prediction of SCC activation in self-blame-prone individuals and those vulnerable to MDD, our results suggest that SCC activation reflects blame irrespective of where it is directed rather than selective for self. We speculate that self-critical individuals have more extended SCC representations for blame in the context of self-agency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Lythe
- The University of Manchester & Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, School of Psychological Sciences, Neuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jennifer A Gethin
- The University of Manchester & Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, School of Psychological Sciences, Neuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Clifford I Workman
- The University of Manchester & Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, School of Psychological Sciences, Neuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- The University of Manchester & Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, Neuroscience & Psychiatry Unit, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Matthew A Lambon Ralph
- The University of Manchester & Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, School of Psychological Sciences, Neuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge, CB2 7EF, UK
| | - John F W Deakin
- The University of Manchester & Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, Neuroscience & Psychiatry Unit, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jorge Moll
- Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience Unit, D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), 22280-080 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Roland Zahn
- The University of Manchester & Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, School of Psychological Sciences, Neuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience Unit, D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), 22280-080 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, Centre for Affective Disorders, King's College London, London, SE5 8AZ, UK
- National Service for Affective Disorders, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE5 8AZ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Merchant JS, Alkire D, Redcay E. Neural similarity between mentalizing and live social interaction during the transition to adolescence. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:4074-4090. [PMID: 35545954 PMCID: PMC9374881 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Social interactions are essential for human development, yet little neuroimaging research has examined their underlying neurocognitive mechanisms using socially interactive paradigms during childhood and adolescence. Recent neuroimaging research has revealed activity in the mentalizing network when children engage with a live social partner, even when mentalizing is not required. While this finding suggests that social‐interactive contexts may spontaneously engage mentalizing, it is not a direct test of how similarly the brain responds to these two contexts. The current study used representational similarity analysis on data from 8‐ to 14‐year‐olds who made mental and nonmental judgments about an abstract character and a live interaction partner during fMRI. A within‐subject, 2 (Mental/Nonmental) × 2 (Peer/Character) design enabled us to examine response pattern similarity between conditions, and estimate fit to three conceptual models of how the two contexts relate: (1) social interaction and mentalizing about an abstract character are represented similarly; (2) interactive peers and abstract characters are represented differently regardless of the evaluation type; and (3) mental and nonmental states are represented dissimilarly regardless of target. We found that the temporal poles represent mentalizing and peer interactions similarly (Model 1), suggesting a neurocognitive link between the two in these regions. Much of the rest of the social brain exhibits different representations of interactive peers and abstract characters (Model 2). Our findings highlight the importance of studying social‐cognitive processes using interactive approaches, and the utility of pattern‐based analyses for understanding how social‐cognitive processes relate to each other.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junaid S Merchant
- Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Diana Alkire
- Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth Redcay
- Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu L, Fan J, Zhan H, Huang J, Cao R, Xiang X, Tian S, Ren H, Tong M, Li Q. Abnormal regional signal in the left cerebellum as a potential neuroimaging biomarker of sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:967391. [PMID: 35935421 PMCID: PMC9354585 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.967391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While prior reports have characterized visible changes in neuroimaging findings in individuals suffering from sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL), the utility of regional homogeneity (ReHo) as a means of diagnosing SSNHL has yet to be established. The present study was thus conducted to assess ReHo abnormalities in SSNHL patients and to establish whether these abnormalities offer value as a diagnostic neuroimaging biomarker of SSNHL through a support vector machine (SVM) analysis approach. METHODS Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) analyses of 27 SSNHL patients and 27 normal controls were conducted, with the resultant imaging data then being analyzed based on a combination of ReHo and SVM approaches. RESULTS Relative to normal control individuals, patients diagnosed with SSNHL exhibited significant reductions in ReHo values in the left cerebellum, bilateral inferior temporal gyrus (ITG), left superior temporal pole (STP), right parahippocampal gyrus (PHG), left posterior cingulum cortex (PCC), and right superior frontal gyrus (SFG). SVM analyses suggested that reduced ReHo values in the left cerebellum were associated with high levels of diagnostic accuracy (96.30%, 52/54), sensitivity (92.59%, 25/27), and specificity (100.00%, 27/27) when distinguishing between SSNHL patients and control individuals. CONCLUSION These data suggest that SSNHL patients exhibit abnormal resting-state neurological activity, with changes in the ReHo of the left cerebellum offering value as a diagnostic neuroimaging biomarker associated with this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tianyou Hospital, Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Fan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tianyou Hospital, Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Zhan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tianyou Hospital, Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junli Huang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Tianyou Hospital, Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Cao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tianyou Hospital, Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoran Xiang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tianyou Hospital, Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuai Tian
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tianyou Hospital, Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongwei Ren
- Department of Medical Imaging, Tianyou Hospital, Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Miao Tong
- Department of Stomatology, Tianyou Hospital, Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tianyou Hospital, Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Spatially Adjacent Regions in Posterior Cingulate Cortex Represent Familiar Faces at Different Levels of Complexity. J Neurosci 2021; 41:9807-9826. [PMID: 34670848 PMCID: PMC8612644 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1580-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive research has shown that perceptual information of faces is processed in a network of hierarchically-organized areas within ventral temporal cortex. For familiar and famous faces, perceptual processing of faces is normally accompanied by extraction of semantic knowledge about the social status of persons. Semantic processing of familiar faces could entail progressive stages of information abstraction. However, the cortical mechanisms supporting multistage processing of familiar faces have not been characterized. Here, using an event-related fMRI experiment, familiar faces from four celebrity groups (actors, singers, politicians, and football players) and unfamiliar faces were presented to the human subjects (both males and females) while they were engaged in a face categorization task. We systematically explored the cortical representations for faces, familiar faces, subcategories of familiar faces, and familiar face identities using whole-brain univariate analysis, searchlight-based multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA), and functional connectivity analysis. Convergent evidence from all these analyses revealed a set of overlapping regions within posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) that contained decodable fMRI responses for representing different levels of semantic knowledge about familiar faces. Our results suggest a multistage pathway in PCC for processing semantic information of faces, analogous to the multistage pathway in ventral temporal cortex for processing perceptual information of faces.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Recognizing familiar faces is an important component of social communications. Previous research has shown that a distributed network of brain areas is involved in processing the semantic information of familiar faces. However, it is not clear how different levels of semantic information are represented in the brain. Here, we evaluated the multivariate response patterns across the entire cortex to discover the areas that contain information for familiar faces, subcategories of familiar faces, and identities of familiar faces. The searchlight maps revealed that different levels of semantic information are represented in topographically adjacent areas within posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). The results suggest that semantic processing of faces is mediated through progressive stages of information abstraction in PCC.
Collapse
|
13
|
Vijayakumar S, Hartstra E, Mars RB, Bekkering H. Neural mechanisms of predicting individual preferences based on group membership. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2021; 16:1006-1017. [PMID: 33025007 PMCID: PMC8421698 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaa136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful social interaction requires humans to predict others’ behavior. To do so, internal models of others are generated based on previous observations. When predicting others’ preferences for objects, for example, observations are made at an individual level (5-year-old Rosie often chooses a pencil) or at a group level (kids often choose pencils). But previous research has focused either on already established group knowledge, i.e. stereotypes, or on the neural correlates of predicting traits and preferences of individuals. We identified the neural mechanisms underlying predicting individual behavior based on learned group knowledge using fMRI. We show that applying learned group knowledge hinges on both a network of regions commonly referred to as the mentalizing network, and a network of regions implicated in representing social knowledge. Additionally, we provide evidence for the presence of a gradient in the posterior temporal cortex and the medial frontal cortex, catering to different functions while applying learned group knowledge. This process is characterized by an increased connectivity between medial prefrontal cortex and other mentalizing network regions and increased connectivity between anterior temporal lobe and other social knowledge regions. Our study provides insights into the neural mechanisms underlying the application of learned group knowledge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suhas Vijayakumar
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, HR, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Egbert Hartstra
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, HR, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rogier B Mars
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, HR, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Harold Bekkering
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, HR, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Persichetti AS, Denning JM, Gotts SJ, Martin A. A Data-Driven Functional Mapping of the Anterior Temporal Lobes. J Neurosci 2021; 41:6038-6049. [PMID: 34083253 PMCID: PMC8276737 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0456-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the anterior temporal lobe (ATL) comprises several anatomic and functional subdivisions, it is often reduced to a homogeneous theoretical entity, such as a domain-general convergence zone, or "hub," for semantic information. Methodological limitations are largely to blame for the imprecise mapping of function to structure in the ATL. There are two major obstacles to using fMRI to identify the precise functional organization of the ATL: the difficult choice of stimuli and tasks to activate, and dissociate, specific regions within the ATL; and poor signal quality because of magnetic field distortions near the sinuses. To circumvent these difficulties, we developed a data-driven parcellation routine using resting-state fMRI data (24 females, 64 males) acquired using a sequence that was optimized to enhance signal in the ATL. Focusing on patterns of functional connectivity between each ATL voxel and the rest of the brain, we found that the ATL comprises at least 34 distinct functional parcels that are arranged into bands along the lateral and ventral cortical surfaces, extending from the posterior temporal lobes into the temporal poles. In addition, the anterior region of the fusiform gyrus, most often cited as the location of the semantic hub, was found to be part of a domain-specific network associated with face and social processing, rather than a domain-general semantic hub. These findings offer a fine-grained functional map of the ATL and offer an initial step toward using more precise language to describe the locations of functional responses in this heterogeneous region of human cortex.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The functional role of the anterior aspects of the temporal lobes (ATL) is a contentious issue. While it is likely that different regions within the ATL subserve unique cognitive functions, most studies revert to vaguely referring to particular functional regions as "the ATL," and, thus, the mapping of function to anatomy remains unclear. We used resting-state fMRI connectivity patterns between the ATL and the rest of the brain to reveal that the ATL comprises at least 34 distinct functional parcels that are organized into a three-level functional hierarchy. These results provide a detailed functional map of the anterior temporal lobes that can guide future research on how distinct regions within the ATL support diverse cognitive functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Persichetti
- Section on Cognitive Neuropsychology, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Joseph M Denning
- Section on Cognitive Neuropsychology, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Stephen J Gotts
- Section on Cognitive Neuropsychology, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Alex Martin
- Section on Cognitive Neuropsychology, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chan HL, Low I, Chen LF, Chen YS, Chu IT, Hsieh JC. A novel beamformer-based imaging of phase-amplitude coupling (BIPAC) unveiling the inter-regional connectivity of emotional prosody processing in women with primary dysmenorrhea. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 33691295 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/abed83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Neural communication or the interactions of brain regions play a key role in the formation of functional neural networks. A type of neural communication can be measured in the form of phase-amplitude coupling (PAC), which is the coupling between the phase of low-frequency oscillations and the amplitude of high-frequency oscillations. This paper presents a beamformer-based imaging method, beamformer-based imaging of PAC (BIPAC), to quantify the strength of PAC between a seed region and other brain regions.Approach. A dipole is used to model the ensemble of neural activity within a group of nearby neurons and represents a mixture of multiple source components of cortical activity. From ensemble activity at each brain location, the source component with the strongest coupling to the seed activity is extracted, while unrelated components are suppressed to enhance the sensitivity of coupled-source estimation.Main results. In evaluations using simulation data sets, BIPAC proved advantageous with regard to estimation accuracy in source localization, orientation, and coupling strength. BIPAC was also applied to the analysis of magnetoencephalographic signals recorded from women with primary dysmenorrhea in an implicit emotional prosody experiment. In response to negative emotional prosody, auditory areas revealed strong PAC with the ventral auditory stream and occipitoparietal areas in the theta-gamma and alpha-gamma bands, which may respectively indicate the recruitment of auditory sensory memory and attention reorientation. Moreover, patients with more severe pain experience appeared to have stronger coupling between auditory areas and temporoparietal regions.Significance. Our findings indicate that the implicit processing of emotional prosody is altered by menstrual pain experience. The proposed BIPAC is feasible and applicable to imaging inter-regional connectivity based on cross-frequency coupling estimates. The experimental results also demonstrate that BIPAC is capable of revealing autonomous brain processing and neurodynamics, which are more subtle than active and attended task-driven processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ling Chan
- Department of Computer Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Intan Low
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Integrated Brain Research Unit, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Fen Chen
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Integrated Brain Research Unit, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yong-Sheng Chen
- Department of Computer Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ian-Ting Chu
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chuen Hsieh
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Integrated Brain Research Unit, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kinney NG, Bove J, Phillips JS, Cousins KAQ, Olm CA, Wakeman DG, McMillan CT, Massimo L. Social and leisure activity are associated with attenuated cortical loss in behavioral variant frontotemporal degeneration. Neuroimage Clin 2021; 30:102629. [PMID: 33770546 PMCID: PMC8024767 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral variant frontotemporal degeneration (bvFTD) is clinically characterized by progressive decline in social and executive domains. Previous work suggests that early lifestyle factors such as education and occupational attainment may relate to structural integrity and moderate the rate of cognitive decline in bvFTD, but the role of other cognitively stimulating activities is understudied. We sought to investigate the effect of such activities on cortical thickness (CT) in bvFTD. bvFTD patients (n = 31) completed a baseline MRI scan, and informants for the patients completed the Lifetime of Experiences Questionnaire (LEQ), which measures specific activities considered to be undertaken primarily within one particular life phase, such as education (young-life), occupation (mid-life), and social/leisure activity (late-life). At baseline, linear models assessed the effect of LEQ scores from each life phase on regional CT. A subset (n = 19) of patients completed longitudinal MRI, and to evaluate the association of LEQ with longitudinal rates of CT decline, we derived individualized slopes of decline using linear mixed effects models and these were related to LEQ scores from each life phase. At baseline, a higher late-life LEQ score was associated with less atrophy in left superior and inferior anterior temporal regions as well as right middle temporal gyrus. Longitudinally, we observed that higher late-life LEQ scores were associated with an attenuated rate of CT loss in insular cortex. Late-life LEQ score was positively associated with both relatively preserved CT early in bvFTD and a slower rate of cortical loss in regions important for social functioning. These findings suggest that social and leisure activities may contribute to a form of resilience against pathologic effects of disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas G Kinney
- Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jessica Bove
- Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jeffrey S Phillips
- Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Katheryn A Q Cousins
- Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Christopher A Olm
- Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Daniel G Wakeman
- Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Corey T McMillan
- Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lauren Massimo
- Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Philadelphia, PA, United States; School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kherif F, Muller S. Neuro-Clinical Signatures of Language Impairments: A Theoretical Framework for Function-to-structure Mapping in Clinics. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:800-811. [PMID: 32116193 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200302111130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In the past decades, neuroscientists and clinicians have collected a considerable amount of data and drastically increased our knowledge about the mapping of language in the brain. The emerging picture from the accumulated knowledge is that there are complex and combinatorial relationships between language functions and anatomical brain regions. Understanding the underlying principles of this complex mapping is of paramount importance for the identification of the brain signature of language and Neuro-Clinical signatures that explain language impairments and predict language recovery after stroke. We review recent attempts to addresses this question of language-brain mapping. We introduce the different concepts of mapping (from diffeomorphic one-to-one mapping to many-to-many mapping). We build those different forms of mapping to derive a theoretical framework where the current principles of brain architectures including redundancy, degeneracy, pluri-potentiality and bow-tie network are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ferath Kherif
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Muller
- 1Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Anderson ND, Beana E, Yang H, Köhler S. Deficits in recent but not lifetime familiarity in amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Neuropsychologia 2020; 151:107735. [PMID: 33359882 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
People with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) repeat questions, seemingly without any sense of familiarity (i.e., recognition of prior occurrence without recollection of episodic context). Accumulation of neurofibrillary tau in preclinical Alzheimer's disease begins in perirhinal cortex, a medial temporal lobe region linked to familiarity. Both observations would predict impaired familiarity assessment in aMCI; however, the extant evidence is mixed. To reveal familiarity impairments, it may be necessary to minimize the influence of recollection. In the current study, older adults with aMCI and healthy controls were administered two tasks on which a well-characterized patient (NB) with selective familiarity impairments due to surgical left temporal lobe excision sparing the hippocampus showed abnormal performance: frequency judgments for words exposed to in a recent study phase and judgments of cumulative lifetime familiarity for object concepts denoted by words. We also administered a process dissociation procedure (PDP) task that previously revealed spared familiarity in aMCI. We predicted that familiarity would be spared in aMCI on the PDP task, but impaired when assessed by frequency judgments for recent laboratory exposures and lifetime familiarity judgments. Familiarity was spared on the PDP task, but was impaired when probed with frequency judgments for recently exposed words in aMCI. Lifetime familiarity was also not impaired in aMCI. These results highlight the benefits of studying familiarity under conditions that minimize recollection and the value of frequency judgments in revealing familiarity deficits, and suggest that perirhinal cortex may not be necessary for accessing familiarity accumulated over a lifetime of experience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D Anderson
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Elsa Beana
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Haopei Yang
- Brain & Mind Institute and Department of Psychology, Western University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stefan Köhler
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brain & Mind Institute and Department of Psychology, Western University, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Effects of Rivastigmine on Brain Functional Networks in Patients With Alzheimer Disease Based on the Graph Theory. Clin Neuropharmacol 2020; 44:9-16. [PMID: 33337622 PMCID: PMC7813447 DOI: 10.1097/wnf.0000000000000427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the effect of rivastigmine on brain function in Alzheimer disease (AD) by analyzing brain functional network based on the graph theory. METHODS We enrolled 9 patients with mild to moderate AD who received rivastigmine treatment and 9 healthy controls (HC). Subsequently, we used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data to establish the whole-brain functional network using a graph theory-based analysis. Furthermore, we compared systemic and local network indicators between pre- and posttreatment. RESULTS Patients with AD exhibited a posttreatment increase in the Mini-Mental State Examination scores and a decrease in the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale cognitive subscale scores and activities of daily living. The systemic network for HC and patients with AD had good pre- and posttreatment clustering coefficients. There was no change in the Cp, Lp, Gamma, Lambda, and Sigma in patients with AD. There were no significant between-group differences in the pre- and posttreatment systemic network measures. Regarding the regional network, patients with AD showed increased betweenness centrality in the bilateral caudate nucleus and right superior temporal pole after treatment with rivastigmine. However, there was no between-group difference in the pre- and posttreatment betweenness centrality of these regions. There were no significant correlations between regional network measure changes and clinical score alterations in patients with AD. CONCLUSIONS There are similar systemic network properties between patients with AD and HC. Rivastigmine cannot alter systemic network attributes in patients with AD. However, it improves the topological properties of regional networks and between-node information transmission in patients with AD.
Collapse
|
20
|
Arioli M, Basso G, Poggi P, Canessa N. Fronto-temporal brain activity and connectivity track implicit attention to positive and negative social words in a novel socio-emotional Stroop task. Neuroimage 2020; 226:117580. [PMID: 33221447 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous inconsistencies on the effects of implicitly processing positively - vs. negatively - connotated emotional words might reflect the influence of uncontrolled psycholinguistic dimensions, and/or social facets inherent in putative "emotional" stimuli. Based on the relevance of social features in semantic cognition, we developed a socio-emotional Stroop task to assess the influence of social vs. individual (non-social) emotional content, besides negative vs. positive valence, on implicit word processing. The effect of these variables was evaluated in terms of performance and RTs, alongside associated brain activity/connectivity. We matched conditions for several psycholinguistic variables, and assessed a modulation of brain activity/connectivity by trial-wise RT, to characterize the maximum of condition- and subject-specific variability. RTs were tracked by insular and anterior cingulate activations likely reflecting implicit attention to stimuli, interfering with task-performance based on condition-specific processing of their subjective salience. Slower performance for negative than neutral/positive words was tracked by left-hemispheric structures processing negative stimuli and emotions, such as fronto-insular cortex, while the lack of specific activations for positively-connotated words supported their marginal facilitatory effect. The speeding/slowing effects of processing positive/negative individual emotional stimuli were enhanced by social words, reflecting in specific activations of the right anterior temporal and orbitofrontal cortex, respectively. RTs to social positive and negative words modulated connectivity from these regions to fronto-striatal and sensorimotor structures, respectively, likely promoting approach vs. avoidance dispositions shaping their facilitatory vs. inhibitory effect. These results might help assessing the neural correlates of impaired social cognition and emotional regulation, and the effects of rehabilitative interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Arioli
- NEtS center, Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS, Pavia 27100, Italy; Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Basso
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia 27100, Italy; University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan 20126, Italy
| | - Paolo Poggi
- Radiology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Nicola Canessa
- NEtS center, Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS, Pavia 27100, Italy; Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Arioli M, Gianelli C, Canessa N. Neural representation of social concepts: a coordinate-based meta-analysis of fMRI studies. Brain Imaging Behav 2020; 15:1912-1921. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-020-00384-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
22
|
Hung J, Wang X, Wang X, Bi Y. Functional subdivisions in the anterior temporal lobes: a large scale meta-analytic investigation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 115:134-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
23
|
Zhao F, Zhang W, Zhu D, Wang X, Qin W, Liu F. Long-term Pingju Opera Training Induces Plasticity Changes in Cerebral Blood Flow: An Arterial Spin Labelling MRI Study. Neuroscience 2020; 436:27-33. [PMID: 32283180 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Professional Pingju actors have been shown to exhibit practice-induced plastic changes in spontaneous regional brain activity; however, whether these changes are present in resting-state regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) remains largely unclear. Here, twenty professional Pingju opera actors and 20 age-, sex-, and handedness-matched untrained subjects were recruited, and resting-state CBF maps were obtained by using a three-dimensional pseudocontinuous arterial spin labelling sequence. Voxel-based comparisons of the CBF maps between the two groups were performed with two-sample t-tests, and correlation analyses between the CBF changes and years of training in the actor group were conducted. In addition, the CBF connectivity between regions with CBF alterations and the whole brain was computed and compared between the two groups. Compared with untrained subjects, the actors showed significantly higher CBF in the right inferior temporal gyrus, right middle temporal gyrus, left temporal pole, and left inferior frontal gyrus, whereas significantly lower CBF was not found in the actor group (voxel-level uncorrected p < 0.001, cluster-level family-wise error corrected p < 0.05). Furthermore, there was no correlation between the mean CBF values from significantly different clusters and the years of training, and no significant alterations in CBF connectivity were found in the actor group. Overall, these results provided preliminary evidence that neural plastic changes in CBF are present in professional Pingju opera actors, which may correspond to specific experiences associated with Pingju opera training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangshi Zhao
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, PR China
| | - Weitao Zhang
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, PR China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, PR China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, PR China
| | - Wen Qin
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, PR China.
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Binney RJ, Ramsey R. Social Semantics: The role of conceptual knowledge and cognitive control in a neurobiological model of the social brain. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 112:28-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
25
|
Lantos D, Lau YH, Louis W, Molenberghs P. The neural mechanisms of threat and reconciliation efforts between Muslims and non-Muslims. Soc Neurosci 2020; 15:420-434. [PMID: 32275464 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2020.1754287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
To reduce the escalation of intergroup conflict, it is important that we understand the processes related to the detection of group-based threat and reconciliation. In the present study, we investigated the neural mechanisms of such processes using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). Functional neuroimaging techniques may shed light on quick, automatic responses to stimuli that happen outside of conscious awareness and are thus increasingly difficult to quantify relying only on participants' self-reported experiences. They may further provide invaluable insight into physiological processes occurring in situations of sensitive nature, whereby participants-deliberately or not-may withhold their honest responses due to social desirability. Non-Muslim Western Caucasian participants watched short video clips of stereotypical Middle-Eastern Muslim males threatening their ingroup, offering reconciliation to the ingroup, or making a neutral statement. Threatening statements led to increased activation in the amygdala, insula, supramarginal gyrus, and temporal lobe. Reconciliation efforts led to increased activation in the prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate gyrus, and caudate. The results suggest that threat detection is a relatively automatic process while evaluating and responding to reconciliation offers requires more cognitive efforts. The implications of these findings and future research directions are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorottya Lantos
- Psychology Department, Goldsmiths, University of London , London, UK
| | - Yong Hui Lau
- School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne , Australia
| | - Winnifred Louis
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland , Australia
| | - Pascal Molenberghs
- ISN Psychology, Institute for Social Neuroscience , Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Revuelta P, Ortiz T, Lucía MJ, Ruiz B, Sánchez-Pena JM. Limitations of Standard Accessible Captioning of Sounds and Music for Deaf and Hard of Hearing People: An EEG Study. Front Integr Neurosci 2020; 14:1. [PMID: 32132904 PMCID: PMC7040021 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2020.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Captioning is the process of transcribing speech and acoustical information into text to help deaf and hard of hearing people accessing to the auditory track of audiovisual media. In addition to the verbal transcription, it includes information such as sound effects, speaker identification, or music tagging. However, it just takes into account a limited spectrum of the whole acoustic information available in the soundtrack, and hence, an important amount of emotional information is lost when attending just to the normative compliant captions. In this article, it is shown, by means of behavioral and EEG measurements, how emotional information related to sounds and music used by the creator in the audiovisual work is perceived differently by normal hearing group and hearing disabled group when applying standard captioning. Audio and captions activate similar processing areas, respectively, in each group, although not with the same intensity. Moreover, captions require higher activation of voluntary attentional circuits, as well as language-related areas. Captions transcribing musical information increase attentional activity, instead of emotional processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Revuelta
- Department of Computer Science, Oviedo University, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Tomás Ortiz
- Department of Psychiatric, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Lucía
- Spanish Center for Captioning and Audiodescription, Carlos III University of Madrid, Leganés, Spain.,Department of Computer Science, Carlos III University of Madrid, Leganés, Spain
| | - Belén Ruiz
- Spanish Center for Captioning and Audiodescription, Carlos III University of Madrid, Leganés, Spain
| | - José Manuel Sánchez-Pena
- Spanish Center for Captioning and Audiodescription, Carlos III University of Madrid, Leganés, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Catricalà E, Conca F, Fertonani A, Miniussi C, Cappa SF. State-dependent TMS reveals the differential contribution of ATL and IPS to the representation of abstract concepts related to social and quantity knowledge. Cortex 2020; 123:30-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2019.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
28
|
Zahn R, de Oliveira-Souza R, Moll J. Moral Motivation and the Basal Forebrain. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 108:207-217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
29
|
Palacio N, Cardenas F. A systematic review of brain functional connectivity patterns involved in episodic and semantic memory. Rev Neurosci 2019; 30:889-902. [PMID: 31323012 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2018-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The study of functional connectivity and declarative memory has lately been focused on finding biomarkers of neuropsychological diseases. However, little is known about its patterns in healthy brains. Thus, in this systematic review we analyze and integrate the findings of 81 publications regarding functional connectivity (measured by fMRI during both task and resting-state) and semantic and episodic memory in healthy adults. Moreover, we discriminate and analyze the main areas and links found in specific memory phases (encoding, storage or retrieval) based on several criteria, such as time length, depth of processing, rewarding value of the information, vividness and amount or kind of details retrieved. There is a certain degree of overlap between the networks of episodic and semantic memory and between the encoding and retrieval stages. Although several differences are pointed out during the article, this calls to attention the need for further empirical studies that actively compare both types of memory, particularly using other baseline conditions apart from the traditional resting state. Indeed, the active involvement of the default mode network in both declarative memory and resting condition suggests the possibility that during rest there is an on-going memory processing. We find support for the 'attention to memory' hypothesis, the memory differentiation model and the appropriate transfer hypothesis, but some evidence is inconsistent with the traditional hub-and-spoke model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Palacio
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de los Andes, Cra 1 #18A-12, Bogota 11, Colombia
| | - Fernando Cardenas
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de los Andes, Cra 1 #18A-12, Bogota 11, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lin N, Xu Y, Wang X, Yang H, Du M, Hua H, Li X. Coin, telephone, and handcuffs: Neural correlates of social knowledge of inanimate objects. Neuropsychologia 2019; 133:107187. [PMID: 31499047 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A variety of objects are made to serve social functions. The use of these objects has greatly enriched and expanded our social behaviors. How do our brains represent the social knowledge of inanimate objects such as coins, telephones, and handcuffs? According to a recent version of the grounded theory, social knowledge of inanimate objects might be grounded in the mentalizing network, as the social functions of inanimate objects are closely associated with the intentions of the people using them. However, there is also evidence that the mentalizing network may only get activated when a human/mental agent is detected. Using fMRI, we explored the neural correlates of social knowledge of inanimate objects by comparing the brain activation evoked by high-sociality object nouns (e.g., banknote) with that evoked by low-sociality object nouns (e.g., battery). The left anterior superior temporal sulcus, a classic part of the mentalizing network, showed higher activation for the high-sociality inanimate object nouns than for the low-sociality ones in the whole-brain analysis. Several other areas of the mentalizing network showed sensitivity to object sociality in small volume correction and/or region-of-interest analyses. Our findings indicate that social knowledge of inanimate objects is supported by brain areas in the mentalizing network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Yangwen Xu
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, Trento 38123, Italy; International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste 34136, Italy
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Huichao Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Menglin Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, and Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Huimin Hua
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xingshan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wang X, Wang B, Bi Y. Close yet independent: Dissociation of social from valence and abstract semantic dimensions in the left anterior temporal lobe. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:4759-4776. [PMID: 31379052 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The anterior temporal lobe (ATL) is engaged in various types of semantic dimensions. One consistently reported dimension is social information, with abstract words describing social behaviors inducing stronger activations in the ATL than nonsocial words. One potential factor that has been systematically confounded in this finding is emotional valence, given that abstract social words tend to be associated with emotional feelings. We investigated which factors drove the ATL sensitivity using a 2 (social/nonsocial) × 2 (valenced/neutral) factorial design in an fMRI study with relatively high spatial resolutions. We found that sociality and valence were processed in different ATL regions without significant interactions: The social effect was found in the left anterior superior temporal sulcus (aSTS), whereas the valence effect activated small clusters in the bilateral temporal poles (TP). In the left ATL, the social- and valence-related clusters were distinct from another superior ATL area that exhibited a general "abstractness" effect with little modulation of sociality or valence. These subregions exhibited distinct whole-brain functional connectivity patterns during the resting state, with the social cluster functionally connected to the default mode network, the valence cluster connected to the adjacent temporal regions and amygdala, and the abstractness cluster connected to a distributed network including a set of language-related regions. These results of activation profiles and connectivity patterns together indicate that the way in which the left ATL supports semantic processing is highly fine-grained, with the neural substrate for social semantic effects dissociated from those for emotional valence and abstractness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosha Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Bijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanchao Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Teed AR, Rakic J, Mark DB, Krawcyzk DC. Relative activation patterns associated with self-transcendent and self-enhancement core values: An fMRI study of basic human values theory concepts in males. Soc Neurosci 2019; 15:1-14. [DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2019.1598893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam R. Teed
- Center for BrainHealth®, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jelena Rakic
- Center for BrainHealth®, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Daniel B. Mark
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Daniel C. Krawcyzk
- Center for BrainHealth®, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hellbernd N, Sammler D. Neural bases of social communicative intentions in speech. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2019; 13:604-615. [PMID: 29771359 PMCID: PMC6022564 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsy034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Our ability to understand others’ communicative intentions in speech is key to successful social interaction. Indeed, misunderstanding an ‘excuse me’ as apology, while meant as criticism, may have important consequences. Recent behavioural studies have provided evidence that prosody, that is, vocal tone, is an important indicator for speakers’ intentions. Using a novel audio-morphing paradigm, the present functional magnetic resonance imaging study examined the neurocognitive mechanisms that allow listeners to ‘read’ speakers’ intents from vocal prosodic patterns. Participants categorized prosodic expressions that gradually varied in their acoustics between criticism, doubt, and suggestion. Categorizing typical exemplars of the three intentions induced activations along the ventral auditory stream, complemented by amygdala and mentalizing system. These findings likely depict the stepwise conversion of external perceptual information into abstract prosodic categories and internal social semantic concepts, including the speaker’s mental state. Ambiguous tokens, in turn, involved cingulo-opercular areas known to assist decision-making in case of conflicting cues. Auditory and decision-making processes were flexibly coupled with the amygdala, depending on prosodic typicality, indicating enhanced categorization efficiency of overtly relevant, meaningful prosodic signals. Altogether, the results point to a model in which auditory prosodic categorization and socio-inferential conceptualization cooperate to translate perceived vocal tone into a coherent representation of the speaker’s intent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nele Hellbernd
- Otto Hahn Group Neural Bases of Intonation in Speech and Music, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße 1a, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniela Sammler
- Otto Hahn Group Neural Bases of Intonation in Speech and Music, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße 1a, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Neural representation of visual concepts in people born blind. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5250. [PMID: 30531889 PMCID: PMC6286313 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07574-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
How do we represent information without sensory features? How are abstract concepts like “freedom”, devoid of external perceptible referents, represented in the brain? Here, to address the role of sensory information in the neural representation of concepts, we used fMRI to investigate how people born blind process concepts whose referents are imperceptible to them because of their visual nature (“rainbow”, “red”). Activity for these concepts was compared to that of sensorially-perceptible referents (“rain”), classical abstract concepts (“justice”) and concrete concepts (“cup”), providing a gradient between fully concrete and fully abstract concepts in the blind. We find that anterior temporal lobe (ATL) responses track concept perceptibility and objecthood: preference for imperceptible object concepts was found in dorsal ATL, for abstract (non-object, non-referential) concepts in lateral ATL, and for perceptible concepts in medial ATL. These findings point to a new division-of-labor among aspects of ATL in representing conceptual properties that are abstract in different ways. How are abstract, imperceptible concepts such as ‘freedom’ represented in the brain? Here, the authors use fMRI in people born blind to compare the neural responses for abstract concepts, concrete concepts like ‘rainbow’ which in blind people lack sensory qualities, and concrete concepts sensorily accessible to the blind.
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhang L, Wu H, Xu J, Shang J. Abnormal Global Functional Connectivity Patterns in Medication-Free Major Depressive Disorder. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:692. [PMID: 30356761 PMCID: PMC6189368 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting studies have applied resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) to study major depressive disorder (MDD) and have identified abnormal functional activities. However, how the global functional connectivity patterns change in MDD is still unknown. Using rs-fMRI, we investigated the alterations of global resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) patterns in MDD using weighted global brain connectivity (wGBC) method. First, a whole brain voxel-wise wGBC map was calculated for 23 MDD patients and 34 healthy controls. Two-sample t-tests were applied to compare the wGBC and RSFC maps and the significant level was set at p < 0.05, cluster-level correction with voxel-level p < 0.001. MDD patients showed significantly decreased wGBC in left temporal pole (TP) and increased wGBC in right parahippocampus (PHC). Subsequent RSFC analyses showed decreased functional interaction between TP and right posterior superior temporal cortex and increased functional interaction between PHC and right inferior frontal gyrus in MDD patients. These results revealed the abnormal global FC patterns and its corresponding disrupted functional connectivity in MDD. Our findings present new evidence for the functional interruption in MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Lab of Learning Sciences, Graduate School of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Huawang Wu
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Hui'ai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinping Xu
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junjie Shang
- Lab of Learning Sciences, Graduate School of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Gifuni AJ, Kendal A, Jollant F. Neural mapping of guilt: a quantitative meta-analysis of functional imaging studies. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 11:1164-1178. [PMID: 27704409 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-016-9606-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Guilt is a self-conscious emotion associated with the negative appraisal of one's behavior. In recent years, several neuroimaging studies have investigated the neural correlates of guilt, but no meta-analyses have yet identified the most robust activation patterns. A systematic review of literature found 16 functional magnetic resonance imaging studies with whole-brain analyses meeting the inclusion criteria, for a total of 325 participants and 135 foci of activation. A meta-analysis was then conducted using activation likelihood estimation. Additionally, Meta-Analytic Connectivity Modeling (MACM) analysis was conducted to investigate the functional connectivity of significant clusters. The analysis revealed 12 significant clusters of brain activation (voxel-based FDR-corrected p < 0.05) located in the prefrontal, temporal and parietal regions, mainly in the left hemisphere. Only the left dorsal cingulate cluster survived stringent FWE correction (voxel-based p < 0.05). Secondary analyses (voxel-based FDR-corrected p < 0.05) on the 7 studies contrasting guilt with another emotional condition showed an association with clusters in the left precuneus, the anterior cingulate, the left medial frontal gyrus, the right superior frontal gyrus and the left superior temporal gyrus. MACM demonstrated that regions associated with guilt are highly interconnected. Our analysis identified a distributed neural network of left-lateralized regions associated with guilt. While voxel-based FDR-corrected results should be considered exploratory, the dorsal cingulate was robustly associated with guilt. We speculate that this network integrates cognitive and emotional processes involved in the experience of guilt, including self-representation, theory of mind, conflict monitoring and moral values. Limitations of our meta-analyses comprise the small sample size and the heterogeneity of included studies, and concerns about naturalistic validity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Gifuni
- Department of Psychiatry & Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, McGill University, Frank B. Common building, 6875 LaSalle Boulevard, Montréal, Québec, H4H1R3, Canada
| | - Adam Kendal
- Department of Psychiatry & Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, McGill University, Frank B. Common building, 6875 LaSalle Boulevard, Montréal, Québec, H4H1R3, Canada
| | - Fabrice Jollant
- Department of Psychiatry & Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, McGill University, Frank B. Common building, 6875 LaSalle Boulevard, Montréal, Québec, H4H1R3, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, Academic Hospital (CHU) of Nîmes, Nîmes, France.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Rice GE, Caswell H, Moore P, Hoffman P, Lambon Ralph MA. The Roles of Left Versus Right Anterior Temporal Lobes in Semantic Memory: A Neuropsychological Comparison of Postsurgical Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients. Cereb Cortex 2018; 28:1487-1501. [PMID: 29351584 PMCID: PMC6093325 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence and degree of specialization between the anterior temporal lobes (ATLs) is a key issue in debates about the neural architecture of semantic memory. Here, we comprehensively assessed multiple aspects of semantic cognition in a large group of postsurgical temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients with left versus right anterior temporal lobectomy (n = 40). Both subgroups showed deficits in expressive and receptive verbal semantic tasks, word and object recognition, naming and recognition of famous faces and perception of faces and emotions. Graded differences in performance between the left and right groups were secondary to the overall mild semantic impairment; primarily, left resected TLE patients showed weaker performance on tasks that required naming or accessing semantic information from a written word. Right resected TLE patients were relatively more impaired at recognizing famous faces as familiar, although this effect was observed less consistently. These findings unify previous partial, inconsistent results and also align directly with fMRI and transcranial magnetic stimulation results in neurologically intact participants. Taken together, these data support a model in which the 2 ATLs act as a coupled bilateral system for the representation of semantic knowledge, and in which graded hemispheric specializations emerge as a consequence of differential connectivity to lateralized speech production and face perception regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace E Rice
- Neuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit (NARU), University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Helen Caswell
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Salford Royal Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Perry Moore
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Paul Hoffman
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (CCACE), Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Pehrs C, Zaki J, Schlochtermeier LH, Jacobs AM, Kuchinke L, Koelsch S. The Temporal Pole Top-Down Modulates the Ventral Visual Stream During Social Cognition. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:777-792. [PMID: 26604273 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The temporal pole (TP) has been associated with diverse functions of social cognition and emotion processing. Although the underlying mechanism remains elusive, one possibility is that TP acts as domain-general hub integrating socioemotional information. To test this, 26 participants were presented with 60 empathy-evoking film clips during fMRI scanning. The film clips were preceded by a linguistic sad or neutral context and half of the clips were accompanied by sad music. In line with its hypothesized role, TP was involved in the processing of sad context and furthermore tracked participants' empathic concern. To examine the neuromodulatory impact of TP, we applied nonlinear dynamic causal modeling to a multisensory integration network from previous work consisting of superior temporal gyrus (STG), fusiform gyrus (FG), and amygdala, which was extended by an additional node in the TP. Bayesian model comparison revealed a gating of STG and TP on fusiform-amygdalar coupling and an increase of TP to FG connectivity during the integration of contextual information. Moreover, these backward projections were strengthened by emotional music. The findings indicate that during social cognition, TP integrates information from different modalities and top-down modulates lower-level perceptual areas in the ventral visual stream as a function of integration demands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Pehrs
- Cluster of Excellence "Languages of Emotion", 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Dahlem Institute for Neuroimaging of Emotion, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jamil Zaki
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lorna H Schlochtermeier
- Cluster of Excellence "Languages of Emotion", 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Dahlem Institute for Neuroimaging of Emotion, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arthur M Jacobs
- Cluster of Excellence "Languages of Emotion", 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Dahlem Institute for Neuroimaging of Emotion, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Kuchinke
- Cluster of Excellence "Languages of Emotion", 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Dahlem Institute for Neuroimaging of Emotion, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychology, Experimental Psychology and Methods, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Stefan Koelsch
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Leshinskaya A, Contreras JM, Caramazza A, Mitchell JP. Neural Representations of Belief Concepts: A Representational Similarity Approach to Social Semantics. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:344-357. [PMID: 28108495 PMCID: PMC5939197 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present experiment identified neural regions that represent a class of concepts that are independent of perceptual or sensory attributes. During functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning, participants viewed names of social groups (e.g. Atheists, Evangelicals, and Economists) and performed a one-back similarity judgment according to 1 of 2 dimensions of belief attributes: political orientation (Liberal to Conservative) or spiritualism (Spiritualist to Materialist). By generalizing across a wide variety of social groups that possess these beliefs, these attribute concepts did not coincide with any specific sensory quality, allowing us to target conceptual, rather than perceptual, representations. Multi-voxel pattern searchlight analysis was used to identify regions in which activation patterns distinguished the 2 ends of both dimensions: Conservative from Liberal social groups when participants focused on the political orientation dimension, and spiritual from Materialist groups when participants focused on the spiritualism dimension. A cluster in right precuneus exhibited such a pattern, indicating that it carries information about belief-attribute concepts and forms part of semantic memory—perhaps a component particularly concerned with psychological traits. This region did not overlap with the theory of mind network, which engaged nearby, but distinct, parts of precuneus. These findings have implications for the neural organization of conceptual knowledge, especially the understanding of social groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alfonso Caramazza
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento.,Department of Psychology, Harvard University
| | - Jason P Mitchell
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University.,Center for Brain Science, Harvard University
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Koski JE, Collins JA, Olson IR. The neural representation of social status in the extended face-processing network. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 46:2795-2806. [PMID: 29119693 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Social status is a salient cue that shapes our perceptions of other people and ultimately guides our social interactions. Despite the pervasive influence of status on social behavior, how information about the status of others is represented in the brain remains unclear. Here, we tested the hypothesis that social status information is embedded in our neural representations of other individuals. Participants learned to associate faces with names, job titles that varied in associated status, and explicit markers of reputational status (star ratings). Trained stimuli were presented in an functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment where participants performed a target detection task orthogonal to the variable of interest. A network of face-selective brain regions extending from the occipital lobe to the orbitofrontal cortex was localized and served as regions of interest. Using multivoxel pattern analysis, we found that face-selective voxels in the lateral orbitofrontal cortex - a region involved in social and nonsocial valuation, could decode faces based on their status. Similar effects were observed with two different status manipulations - one based on stored semantic knowledge (e.g., different careers) and one based on learned reputation (e.g., star ranking). These data suggest that a face-selective region of the lateral orbitofrontal cortex may contribute to the perception of social status, potentially underlying the preferential attention and favorable biases humans display toward high-status individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Koski
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jessica A Collins
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ingrid R Olson
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
van der Cruijsen R, Peters S, Crone E. Neural correlates of evaluating self and close-other in physical, academic and prosocial domains. Brain Cogn 2017; 118:45-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
42
|
Zahn R, Green S, Beaumont H, Burns A, Moll J, Caine D, Gerhard A, Hoffman P, Shaw B, Grafman J, Lambon Ralph MA. Frontotemporal lobar degeneration and social behaviour: Dissociation between the knowledge of its consequences and its conceptual meaning. Cortex 2017. [PMID: 28646671 PMCID: PMC5542070 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Inappropriate social behaviour is an early symptom of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) in both behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and semantic dementia (SD) subtypes. Knowledge of social behaviour is essential for appropriate social conduct. The superior anterior temporal lobe (ATL) has been identified as one key neural component for the conceptual knowledge of social behaviour, but it is unknown whether this is dissociable from knowledge of the consequences of social behaviour. Here, we used a newly-developed test of knowledge about long-term and short-term consequences of social behaviour to investigate its impairment in patients with FTLD relative to a previously-developed test of social conceptual knowledge. We included 19 healthy elderly control participants and 19 consecutive patients with features of bvFTD or SD and defined dissociations as performance differences between tasks for each patient (Bonferroni-corrected p < .05). Knowledge of long-term consequences was selectively impaired relative to short-term consequences in five patients and the reverse dissociation occurred in one patient. Six patients showed a selective impairment of social concepts relative to long-term consequences with the reverse dissociation occurring in one patient. These results corroborate the hypothesis that knowledge of long-term consequences of social behaviour is dissociable from knowledge of short-term consequences, as well as of social conceptual knowledge. Confirming our hypothesis, we found that patients with more marked grey matter (GM) volume loss in frontopolar relative to right superior ATL regions of interest exhibited poorer knowledge of the long-term consequences of social behaviour relative to the knowledge of its conceptual meaning and vice versa (n = 15). These findings support the hypothesis that frontopolar and ATL regions represent distinct aspects of social knowledge. This suggests that rather than being unable to suppress urges to behave inappropriately, FTLD patients often lose the knowledge of what appropriate social behaviour is and can therefore not be expected to behave accordingly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roland Zahn
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, London, SE5 8AZ, UK; Neuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Sophie Green
- Neuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Helen Beaumont
- Neuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alistair Burns
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jorge Moll
- Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience Unit, D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Diana Caine
- Neuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; National Hospital for Neurology & Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Alexander Gerhard
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Geriatric Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Germany
| | - Paul Hoffman
- Neuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Benjamin Shaw
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jordan Grafman
- Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthew A Lambon Ralph
- Neuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Liu ZX, Grady C, Moscovitch M. Effects of Prior-Knowledge on Brain Activation and Connectivity During Associative Memory Encoding. Cereb Cortex 2017; 27:1991-2009. [PMID: 26941384 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Forming new associations is a fundamental process of building our knowledge system. At the brain level, how prior-knowledge influences acquisition of novel associations has not been thoroughly investigated. Based on recent cognitive neuroscience literature on multiple-component memory processing, we hypothesize that prior-knowledge triggers additional evaluative, semantic, or episodic-binding processes, mainly supported by the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), anterior temporal pole (aTPL), and hippocampus (HPC), to facilitate new memory encoding. To test this hypothesis, we scanned 20 human participants with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while they associated novel houses with famous or nonfamous faces. Behaviorally, we found beneficial effects of prior-knowledge on associative memory. At the brain level, we found that the vmPFC and HPC, as well as the parahippocampal place area (PPA) and fusiform face area, showed stronger activation when famous faces were involved. The vmPFC, aTPL, HPC, and PPA also exhibited stronger activation when famous faces elicited stronger emotions and memories, and when associations were later recollected. Connectivity analyses also suggested that HPC connectivity with the vmPFC plays a more important role in the famous than nonfamous condition. Taken together, our results suggest that prior-knowledge facilitates new associative encoding by recruiting additional perceptual, evaluative, or associative binding processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Xu Liu
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Center.,Applied Psychology and Human Development, OISE
| | - Cheryl Grady
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Center.,Department of Psychology.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Morris Moscovitch
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Center.,Department of Psychology
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Social behavior is often shaped by the rich storehouse of biographical information that we hold for other people. In our daily life, we rapidly and flexibly retrieve a host of biographical details about individuals in our social network, which often guide our decisions as we navigate complex social interactions. Even abstract traits associated with an individual, such as their political affiliation, can cue a rich cascade of person-specific knowledge. Here, we asked whether the anterior temporal lobe (ATL) serves as a hub for a distributed neural circuit that represents person knowledge. Fifty participants across two studies learned biographical information about fictitious people in a 2-d training paradigm. On day 3, they retrieved this biographical information while undergoing an fMRI scan. A series of multivariate and connectivity analyses suggest that the ATL stores abstract person identity representations. Moreover, this region coordinates interactions with a distributed network to support the flexible retrieval of person attributes. Together, our results suggest that the ATL is a central hub for representing and retrieving person knowledge.
Collapse
|
45
|
Duke D, Martin CB, Bowles B, McRae K, Köhler S. Perirhinal cortex tracks degree of recent as well as cumulative lifetime experience with object concepts. Cortex 2017; 89:61-70. [PMID: 28236751 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Evidence from numerous sources indicates that recognition of the prior occurrence of objects requires computations of perirhinal cortex (PrC) in the medial temporal lobe (MTL). Extant research has primarily probed recognition memory based on item exposure in a recent experimental study episode. Outside the laboratory, however, familiarity for objects typically accrues gradually with learning across many different episodic contexts, which can be distributed over a lifetime of experience. It is currently unknown whether PrC also tracks this cumulative lifetime experience with object concepts. To address this issue, we conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment in healthy individuals in which we compared judgments of the perceived lifetime familiarity with object concepts, a task that has previously been employed in many normative studies on concept knowledge, with frequency judgments for recent laboratory exposure in a study phase. Guided by neurophysiological data showing that neurons in primate PrC signal prior object exposure at multiple time scales, we predicted that PrC responses would track perceived prior experience in both types of judgments. Left PrC and a number of cortical regions that are often co-activated as part of the default-mode network showed an increase in Blood-Oxygen-Level Dependent (BOLD) response in relation to increases in the perceived cumulative lifetime familiarity of object concepts. These regions included the left hippocampus, left mid-lateral temporal cortex, as well as anterior and posterior cortical midline structures. Critically, left PrC was found to be the only region that showed this response in combination with the typically observed decrease in signal for perceived recent exposure in the experimental study phase. These findings provide, to our knowledge, the first evidence that ties signals in human PrC to variations in cumulative lifetime experience with object concepts. They offer a new link between the role of PrC in recognition memory and its broader role in conceptual processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devin Duke
- Brain and Mind Institute and Department of Psychology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chris B Martin
- Brain and Mind Institute and Department of Psychology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ben Bowles
- Brain and Mind Institute and Department of Psychology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ken McRae
- Brain and Mind Institute and Department of Psychology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stefan Köhler
- Brain and Mind Institute and Department of Psychology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Distinct Contributions of Dorsal and Ventral Streams to Imitation of Tool-Use and Communicative Gestures. Cereb Cortex 2016; 28:474-492. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
|
47
|
Binney RJ, Hoffman P, Lambon Ralph MA. Mapping the Multiple Graded Contributions of the Anterior Temporal Lobe Representational Hub to Abstract and Social Concepts: Evidence from Distortion-corrected fMRI. Cereb Cortex 2016; 26:4227-4241. [PMID: 27600844 PMCID: PMC5066834 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of recent convergent evidence indicates that the anterior temporal lobe (ATL) has connectivity-derived graded differences in semantic function: the ventrolateral region appears to be the transmodal, omni-category center-point of the hub whilst secondary contributions come from the peripheries of the hub in a manner that reflects their differential connectivity to different input/output modalities. One of the key challenges for this neurocognitive theory is how different types of concept, especially those with less reliance upon external sensory experience (such as abstract and social concepts), are coded across the graded ATL hub. We were able to answer this key question by using distortion-corrected fMRI to detect functional activations across the entire ATL region and thus to map the neural basis of social and psycholinguistically-matched abstract concepts. Both types of concept engaged a core left-hemisphere semantic network, including the ventrolateral ATL, prefrontal regions and posterior MTG. Additionally, we replicated previous findings of weaker differential activation of the superior and polar ATL for the processing of social stimuli, in addition to the stronger, omni-category activation observed in the vATL. These results are compatible with the view of the ATL as a graded transmodal substrate for the representation of coherent concepts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J. Binney
- Neuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit (NARU), School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, UK
- Eleanor M. Saffran Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA19122, USA
| | - Paul Hoffman
- Neuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit (NARU), School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, UK
- Center for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Matthew A. Lambon Ralph
- Neuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit (NARU), School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
The Semantic Network at Work and Rest: Differential Connectivity of Anterior Temporal Lobe Subregions. J Neurosci 2016; 36:1490-501. [PMID: 26843633 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2999-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The anterior temporal lobe (ATL) makes a critical contribution to semantic cognition. However, the functional connectivity of the ATL and the functional network underlying semantic cognition has not been elucidated. In addition, subregions of the ATL have distinct functional properties and thus the potential differential connectivity between these subregions requires investigation. We explored these aims using both resting-state and active semantic task data in humans in combination with a dual-echo gradient echo planar imaging (EPI) paradigm designed to ensure signal throughout the ATL. In the resting-state analysis, the ventral ATL (vATL) and anterior middle temporal gyrus (MTG) were shown to connect to areas responsible for multimodal semantic cognition, including bilateral ATL, inferior frontal gyrus, medial prefrontal cortex, angular gyrus, posterior MTG, and medial temporal lobes. In contrast, the anterior superior temporal gyrus (STG)/superior temporal sulcus was connected to a distinct set of auditory and language-related areas, including bilateral STG, precentral and postcentral gyri, supplementary motor area, supramarginal gyrus, posterior temporal cortex, and inferior and middle frontal gyri. Complementary analyses of functional connectivity during an active semantic task were performed using a psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analysis. The PPI analysis highlighted the same semantic regions suggesting a core semantic network active during rest and task states. This supports the necessity for semantic cognition in internal processes occurring during rest. The PPI analysis showed additional connectivity of the vATL to regions of occipital and frontal cortex. These areas strongly overlap with regions found to be sensitive to executively demanding, controlled semantic processing. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Previous studies have shown that semantic cognition depends on subregions of the anterior temporal lobe (ATL). However, the network of regions functionally connected to these subregions has not been demarcated. Here, we show that these ventrolateral anterior temporal subregions form part of a network responsible for semantic processing during both rest and an explicit semantic task. This demonstrates the existence of a core functional network responsible for multimodal semantic cognition regardless of state. Distinct connectivity is identified in the superior ATL, which is connected to auditory and language areas. Understanding the functional connectivity of semantic cognition allows greater understanding of how this complex process may be performed and the role of distinct subregions of the anterior temporal cortex.
Collapse
|
49
|
Reading words and other people: A comparison of exception word, familiar face and affect processing in the left and right temporal variants of primary progressive aphasia. Cortex 2016; 82:147-163. [PMID: 27389800 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA) typically presents with left-hemisphere predominant rostral temporal lobe (rTL) atrophy and the most significant complaints within the language domain. Less frequently, patients present with right-hemisphere predominant temporal atrophy coupled with marked impairments in processing of famous faces and emotions. Few studies have objectively compared these patient groups in both domains and therefore it is unclear to what extent the syndromes overlap. Clinically diagnosed svPPA patients were characterized as left- (n = 21) or right-predominant (n = 12) using imaging and compared along with 14 healthy controls. Regarding language, our primary focus was upon two hallmark features of svPPA; confrontation naming and surface dyslexia. Both groups exhibited naming deficits and surface dyslexia although the impairments were more severe in the left-predominant group. Familiarity judgments on famous faces and affect processing were more profoundly impaired in the right-predominant group. Our findings suggest that the two syndromes overlap significantly but that early cases at the tail ends of the continuum constitute a challenge for current clinical criteria. Correlational neuroimaging analyses implicated a mid portion of the left lateral temporal lobe in exception word reading impairments in line with proposals that this region is an interface between phonology and semantic knowledge.
Collapse
|
50
|
Panchal H, Paholpak P, Lee G, Carr A, Barsuglia JP, Mather M, Jimenez E, Mendez MF. Neuropsychological and Neuroanatomical Correlates of the Social Norms Questionnaire in Frontotemporal Dementia Versus Alzheimer's Disease. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2016; 31:326-32. [PMID: 26646114 PMCID: PMC10852706 DOI: 10.1177/1533317515617722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Traditional neuropsychological batteries may not distinguish early behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) from Alzheimer's disease (AD) without the inclusion of a social behavioral measure. We compared 33 participants, 15 bvFTD, and 18 matched patients with early-onset AD (eAD), on the Social Norms Questionnaire (SNQ), neuropsychological tests and 3-dimensional T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The analyses included correlations of SNQ results (total score, overendorsement or "overadhere" errors, and violations or "break" errors) with neuropsychological results and tensor-based morphometry regions of interest. Patients with BvFTD had significantly lower SNQ total scores and higher overadhere errors than patients with eAD. On neuropsychological measures, the SNQ total scores correlated significantly with semantic knowledge and the overadhere subscores with executive dysfunction. On MRI analysis, the break subscores significantly correlated with lower volume of lateral anterior temporal lobes (aTL). The results also suggest that endorsement of social norm violations corresponds to the role of the right aTL in social semantic knowledge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hemali Panchal
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA Department of Neurology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pongsatorn Paholpak
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA Department of Neurology, Los Angeles, CA, USA Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, USA Department of Psychiatry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Khaen, Thailand
| | - Grace Lee
- Department of Psychology, School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Carr
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Michelle Mather
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA Department of Neurology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elvira Jimenez
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA Department of Neurology, Los Angeles, CA, USA Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mario F Mendez
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA Department of Neurology, Los Angeles, CA, USA Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|