1
|
Panikratova YR, Tomyshev AS, Abdullina EG, Rodionov GI, Arkhipov AY, Tikhonov DV, Bozhko OV, Kaleda VG, Strelets VB, Lebedeva IS. Resting-state functional connectivity correlates of brain structural aging in schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024:10.1007/s00406-024-01837-5. [PMID: 38914851 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-024-01837-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
A large body of research has shown that schizophrenia patients demonstrate increased brain structural aging. Although this process may be coupled with aberrant changes in intrinsic functional architecture of the brain, they remain understudied. We hypothesized that there are brain regions whose whole-brain functional connectivity at rest is differently associated with brain structural aging in schizophrenia patients compared to healthy controls. Eighty-four male schizophrenia patients and eighty-six male healthy controls underwent structural MRI and resting-state fMRI. The brain-predicted age difference (b-PAD) was a measure of brain structural aging. Resting-state fMRI was applied to obtain global correlation (GCOR) maps comprising voxelwise values of the strength and sign of functional connectivity of a given voxel with the rest of the brain. Schizophrenia patients had higher b-PAD compared to controls (mean between-group difference + 2.9 years). Greater b-PAD in schizophrenia patients, compared to controls, was associated with lower whole-brain functional connectivity of a region in frontal orbital cortex, inferior frontal gyrus, Heschl's Gyrus, plana temporale and polare, insula, and opercular cortices of the right hemisphere (rFTI). According to post hoc seed-based correlation analysis, decrease of functional connectivity with the posterior cingulate gyrus, left superior temporal cortices, as well as right angular gyrus/superior lateral occipital cortex has mainly driven the results. Lower functional connectivity of the rFTI was related to worse verbal working memory and language production. Our findings demonstrate that well-established frontotemporal functional abnormalities in schizophrenia are related to increased brain structural aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Georgiy I Rodionov
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Yu Arkhipov
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Valeria B Strelets
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Comstock L. The role of research design in the reproducibility of L1 and L2 language networks: A review of bilingual neuroimaging meta-analyses. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2024; 249:105377. [PMID: 38171275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2023.105377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Meta-analyses are a method by which to increase the statistical power and generalizability of neuroimaging findings. In the neurolinguistics literature, meta-analyses have the potential to substantiate hypotheses about L1 and L2 processing networks and to reveal differences between the two that may escape detection in individual studies. Why then is there so little consensus between the reported findings of even the most recently published and most highly powered meta-analyses? Limitations in the literature, such as the absence of a common method to define and measure descriptive categories (e.g., proficiency level, degree of language exposure, age of acquisition, etc.) are often cited. An equally plausible explanation lies in the technical details of how individual meta-analyses are conducted. This paper provides a review of recent meta-analyses, with a discussion of their methodological choices and the possible effect those choices may have on the reported findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindy Comstock
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fazekas P, Cleeremans A, Overgaard M. A construct-first approach to consciousness science. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 156:105480. [PMID: 38008237 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
We propose a new approach to consciousness science that instead of comparing complex theoretical positions deconstructs existing theories, takes their central assumptions while disregarding their auxiliary hypotheses, and focuses its investigations on the main constructs that these central assumptions rely on (like global workspace, recurrent processing, metarepresentation). Studying how these main constructs are anchored in lower-level constructs characterizing underlying neural processing will not just offer an alternative to theory comparisons but will also take us one step closer to empirical resolutions. Moreover, exploring the compatibility and possible combinations of the lower-level constructs will allow for new theoretical syntheses. This construct-first approach will improve our ability to understand the commitments of existing theories and pave the way for moving beyond them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Fazekas
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 6B, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 3, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Axel Cleeremans
- Center for Research in Cognition & Neurosciences, Université Libre De Bruxelles, 50 avenue F.D. Roosevelt CP191, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Morten Overgaard
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 3, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pulvermüller F. Neurobiological mechanisms for language, symbols and concepts: Clues from brain-constrained deep neural networks. Prog Neurobiol 2023; 230:102511. [PMID: 37482195 PMCID: PMC10518464 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Neural networks are successfully used to imitate and model cognitive processes. However, to provide clues about the neurobiological mechanisms enabling human cognition, these models need to mimic the structure and function of real brains. Brain-constrained networks differ from classic neural networks by implementing brain similarities at different scales, ranging from the micro- and mesoscopic levels of neuronal function, local neuronal links and circuit interaction to large-scale anatomical structure and between-area connectivity. This review shows how brain-constrained neural networks can be applied to study in silico the formation of mechanisms for symbol and concept processing and to work towards neurobiological explanations of specifically human cognitive abilities. These include verbal working memory and learning of large vocabularies of symbols, semantic binding carried by specific areas of cortex, attention focusing and modulation driven by symbol type, and the acquisition of concrete and abstract concepts partly influenced by symbols. Neuronal assembly activity in the networks is analyzed to deliver putative mechanistic correlates of higher cognitive processes and to develop candidate explanations founded in established neurobiological principles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Friedemann Pulvermüller
- Brain Language Laboratory, Department of Philosophy and Humanities, WE4, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany; Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Cluster of Excellence 'Matters of Activity', Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Schöne CG, Mast FW. High-current galvanic vestibular stimulation impairs working memory span, but not other executive functions. Neuropsychologia 2023; 188:108617. [PMID: 37302752 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Patients with peripheral vestibular dysfunction (PVD) suffer not only from physical problems such as imbalance or vertigo but also from neuropsychological difficulties, including executive deficits. However, it is unclear whether the PVD directly causes executive problems. To examine the causal vestibular influence on executive functions, we induced either high-current (2 mA), low-current (0.8 mA), or sham current (0 mA) galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) in 79 healthy participants. Participants solved three tasks, measuring the core executive components (working memory, inhibition, cognitive flexibility) before and during GVS. High-current GVS impaired working memory span, but not inhibition and cognitive flexibility performance. Low-current GVS did not influence executive performance. Results indicate a causal vestibular influence on working memory span. Joint cortical areas of vestibular and working memory processing are discussed. Since high-current GVS in healthy participants serves as a model for an artificial vestibular dysfunction, our results could improve the diagnostics and therapy of patients with PVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corina G Schöne
- Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Doctoral Program for Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Fred W Mast
- Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cheng J, Li J, Wang A, Zhang M. Semantic Bimodal Presentation Differentially Slows Working Memory Retrieval. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13050811. [PMID: 37239283 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13050811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Although evidence has shown that working memory (WM) can be differentially affected by the multisensory congruency of different visual and auditory stimuli, it remains unclear whether different multisensory congruency about concrete and abstract words could impact further WM retrieval. By manipulating the attention focus toward different matching conditions of visual and auditory word characteristics in a 2-back paradigm, the present study revealed that for the characteristically incongruent condition under the auditory retrieval condition, the response to abstract words was faster than that to concrete words, indicating that auditory abstract words are not affected by visual representation, while auditory concrete words are. Alternatively, for concrete words under the visual retrieval condition, WM retrieval was faster in the characteristically incongruent condition than in the characteristically congruent condition, indicating that visual representation formed by auditory concrete words may interfere with WM retrieval of visual concrete words. The present findings demonstrated that concrete words in multisensory conditions may be too aggressively encoded with other visual representations, which would inadvertently slow WM retrieval. However, abstract words seem to suppress interference better, showing better WM performance than concrete words in the multisensory condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Cheng
- Department of Psychology, Research Center for Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Psychology, Research Center for Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Aijun Wang
- Department of Psychology, Research Center for Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
- Faculty of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama 700-0082, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Guarracino I, Pauletto G, Ius T, Palese F, Skrap M, Tomasino B. Presurgical cognitive status in patients with low-grade glioma and epilepsy: Testing the effects of seizures, antiseizure medications, and tumor localization. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2560. [PMID: 35377547 PMCID: PMC9120733 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-grade gliomas (LGGs) are frequently associated with epilepsy. There are few studies addressing the impact of seizures, antiseizure medications (ASMs), and lesion localization on presurgery cognitive functioning. METHODS We tested the relation between the above-mentioned variables in a continuous series of 73 young patients (mean age 38.3 years ± 11.7) affected by LGGs and epilepsy. The anatomical areas, involved in this sample, were the left insula with surrounding cortical and subcortical areas, the right precentral gyrus/rolandic operculum, and the white matter and cortical regions beneath. RESULTS Patients' presurgery cognitive status was within the normal range, with borderline performance for some tasks. We tested whether lower scores were related with lesion or with epilepsy-related factors. Multiple regression identified variables that predict test scores. The Token test score was predicted by a model (p = .0078) containing the DT2T1 MRI, corrected for seizure features. Object naming performance was predicted by a model (p = .0113) containing the localization, the DT2T1 MRI, corrected for sex, EEG, and onset. Verbal fluency score was predicted by a model (p = .0056) containing the localization and the DT2T1 MRI, corrected for AEDs and EEG. Working memory score was predicted by a model (p = .0117) containing Engel class, the DT2T1 MRI, corrected for sex. Clock drawing score was predicted by a model (p < .0001) containing the Engel class, AEDs, and EEG. TMT A score was predicted by a model (p = .0022) containing localization, corrected for EEG. TMT B-A score was predicted by a model (p = .0373) containing localization. Voxel Lesion Symptom Mapping analyses carried out on patients' lesion volumes confirmed that patients' level of performance correlated with lesion-related variables. CONCLUSION This preliminary study indicates that the presurgical level of performance for language tasks and for cognitive flexibility and shifting is mainly predicted by lesion-related variables, working memory by both lesion and epilepsy-related variables. Epilepsy clinical and instrumental characteristics predicted performance for visuospatial planning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Guarracino
- Polo FVG, San Vito al Tagliamento, PN, Scientific Institute IRCCS "Eugenio Medea,", Italy
| | - Giada Pauletto
- Unità Operativa di Neurologia, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria del Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy
| | - Tamara Ius
- Unità Operativa di Neurochirurgia, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria del Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy
| | - Francesca Palese
- Servizio di Igiene e Sanità Pubblica Dipartimento di Prevenzione, San Daniele del Friuli, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria del Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy
| | - Miran Skrap
- Unità Operativa di Neurochirurgia, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria del Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy
| | - Barbara Tomasino
- Polo FVG, San Vito al Tagliamento, PN, Scientific Institute IRCCS "Eugenio Medea,", Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kuptsova SV, Dragoy OV, Ivanova MV. Switching attention deficits in post-stroke individuals with different aphasia types. APHASIOLOGY 2021; 37:260-287. [PMID: 36699113 PMCID: PMC9873226 DOI: 10.1080/02687038.2021.2002804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that individuals with aphasia have impairments in switching attention compared to healthy controls. However, there is insufficient information about the characteristics of switching attention within one task and whether attention deficits vary depending on aphasia type and lesion location. We aimed to address these knowledge gaps by investigating characteristics of switching attention within one type of task in participants with different types of aphasia and distinct lesion sites. METHOD Forty individuals with post-stroke aphasia (20 with non-fluent aphasia and frontal lobe damage, and 20 with fluent aphasia and temporal lobe damage) and 20 neurologically healthy age-matched individuals performed an attention switching task. They listened to sequences of high-pitched and low-pitched tones that were presented to them one by one, tallied them separately, and, at the end of each sequence, had to say how many high- and low-pitched tones they had heard. RESULTS Participants with aphasia performed significantly worse on the task compared to healthy controls, and the performance of two aphasia groups also differed. Specifically, individuals with both aphasia types made more errors than healthy individuals, and the participants with non-fluent aphasia responded more slowly than controls, while reaction times of the participants with fluent aphasia did not differ significantly from those of controls. Also, the two groups of participants with aphasia differed significantly in accuracy, with individuals in the non-fluent group making more errors. CONCLUSIONS The data demonstrated that people with different types of aphasia have distinct impairments in switching attention. Since cognitive deficits impact language performance, this information is important for differentially addressing their language problems and selecting more specific and optimal rehabilitation programs that target different underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana V. Kuptsova
- Center for Speech Pathology and Neurorehabilitation, Moscow, Russia
- HSE University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga V. Dragoy
- HSE University, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria V. Ivanova
- Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ivanova MV, Malyutina S, Dragoy O. Advancing Neurolinguistics in Russia: Experience and Implications of Building Experimental Research and Evidence-Based Practices. Front Psychol 2021; 12:702038. [PMID: 34539503 PMCID: PMC8446267 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.702038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Russia has rich theoretical and behavioral research traditions in neurolinguistics and neuropsychology, but at the beginning of the twenty-first century contemporary experimental research in these disciplines remained limited, leading to proliferation of non-evidence-based approaches in education, healthcare, and public beliefs. An academic response to this was the establishment of the Center for Language and Brain at the HSE University, Moscow, which focused on experimental psycho- and neurolinguistic research and related evidence-based practices. The Center has grown from a small group of young researchers to a large interdisciplinary unit that conducts cutting-edge research utilizing multi-site settings and novel structural and functional neuroimaging methods. The overarching aim of the Center's research is to promote scientifically grounded treatment of the language-brain relationship in the educational, clinical, and industry settings. Specifically, translational research at the Center is contributing to the advancement of clinical practice in Russia: from providing the first standardized aphasia language test to implementing protocols for intraoperative language mapping in neurosurgery departments across the country. Within research projects, a new generation of scientists is successfully being fostered, while a broader student audience is reached via courses taught by staff of the Center to students of different majors. Notable examples of public outreach programs at the Center are the Annual Summer Neurolinguistics School attracting hundreds of attendees from different countries each year, and community projects focused on raising awareness about aphasia. Together, these efforts aim to increase scientific knowledge in a multi-professional audience. In this paper, we will share our joint experiences in establishing, building, and promoting a neurolinguistics research center in Russia and the impact that this work has had on the broader public. We will delineate specific milestones of this journey and focus on the main pillars that have contributed to our progress: research, clinical work, teaching, and public outreach programs. We hope that this critical appraisal of our experiences can serve simultaneously as an inspiration and a practical guide for other groups developing research, clinical, and educational programs in different neuroscientific disciplines across the globe and aiming to improve the quality of the neuroscientific information available to the public.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria V. Ivanova
- Aphasia Recovery Lab, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkley, Berkley, CA, United States
- Center for Language and Brain, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Olga Dragoy
- Center for Language and Brain, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Experimental Study of Speech, Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
van den Berg NS, de Haan EHF, Huitema RB, Spikman JM. The neural underpinnings of facial emotion recognition in ischemic stroke patients. J Neuropsychol 2021; 15:516-532. [PMID: 33554463 PMCID: PMC8518120 DOI: 10.1111/jnp.12240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Deficits in facial emotion recognition occur frequently after stroke, with adverse social and behavioural consequences. The aim of this study was to investigate the neural underpinnings of the recognition of emotional expressions, in particular of the distinct basic emotions (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise). A group of 110 ischaemic stroke patients with lesions in (sub)cortical areas of the cerebrum was included. Emotion recognition was assessed with the Ekman 60 Faces Test of the FEEST. Patient data were compared to data of 162 matched healthy controls (HC's). For the patients, whole brain voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM) on 3-Tesla MRI images was performed. Results showed that patients performed significantly worse than HC's on both overall recognition of emotions, and specifically of disgust, fear, sadness and surprise. VLSM showed significant lesion-symptom associations for FEEST total in the right fronto-temporal region. Additionally, VLSM for the distinct emotions showed, apart from overlapping brain regions (insula, putamen and Rolandic operculum), also regions related to specific emotions. These were: middle and superior temporal gyrus (anger); caudate nucleus (disgust); superior corona radiate white matter tract, superior longitudinal fasciculus and middle frontal gyrus (happiness) and inferior frontal gyrus (sadness). Our findings help in understanding how lesions in specific brain regions can selectively affect the recognition of the basic emotions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nils S. van den Berg
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of AmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Rients B. Huitema
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Jacoba M. Spikman
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Purcell J, Rapp B, Martin RC. Distinct Neural Substrates Support Phonological and Orthographic Working Memory: Implications for Theories of Working Memory. Front Neurol 2021; 12:681141. [PMID: 34421789 PMCID: PMC8371181 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.681141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior behavioral and neuroimaging evidence supports a separation between working memory capacities in the phonological and orthographic domains. Although these data indicate distinct buffers for orthographic and phonological information, prior neural evidence does indicate that nearby left inferior parietal regions support both of these working memory capacities. Given that no study has directly compared their neural substrates based on data from the same individuals, it is possible that there is a common left inferior parietal region shared by both working memory capacities. In fact, those endorsing an embedded processes account of working memory might suggest that parietal involvement reflects a domain-general attentional system that directs attention to long-term memory representations in the two domains, implying that the same neural region supports the two capacities. Thus, in this work, a multivariate lesion-symptom mapping approach was used to assess the neural basis of phonological and orthographic working memory using behavioral and lesion data from the same set of 37 individuals. The results showed a separation of the neural substrates, with regions in the angular gyrus supporting orthographic working memory and with regions primarily in the supramarginal gyrus supporting phonological working memory. The results thus argue against the parietal involvement as supporting a domain-general attentional mechanism and support a domain-specific buffer account of working memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Purcell
- Maryland Neuroimaging Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States.,Cognitive Science Department, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Brenda Rapp
- Cognitive Science Department, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Randi C Martin
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ghaleh M, Lacey EH, Fama ME, Anbari Z, DeMarco AT, Turkeltaub PE. Dissociable Mechanisms of Verbal Working Memory Revealed through Multivariate Lesion Mapping. Cereb Cortex 2021; 30:2542-2554. [PMID: 31701121 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Two maintenance mechanisms with separate neural systems have been suggested for verbal working memory: articulatory-rehearsal and non-articulatory maintenance. Although lesion data would be key to understanding the essential neural substrates of these systems, there is little evidence from lesion studies that the two proposed mechanisms crucially rely on different neuroanatomical substrates. We examined 39 healthy adults and 71 individuals with chronic left-hemisphere stroke to determine if verbal working memory tasks with varying demands would rely on dissociable brain structures. Multivariate lesion-symptom mapping was used to identify the brain regions involved in each task, controlling for spatial working memory scores. Maintenance of verbal information relied on distinct brain regions depending on task demands: sensorimotor cortex under higher demands and superior temporal gyrus (STG) under lower demands. Inferior parietal cortex and posterior STG were involved under both low and high demands. These results suggest that maintenance of auditory information preferentially relies on auditory-phonological storage in the STG via a nonarticulatory maintenance when demands are low. Under higher demands, sensorimotor regions are crucial for the articulatory rehearsal process, which reduces the reliance on STG for maintenance. Lesions to either of these regions impair maintenance of verbal information preferentially under the appropriate task conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ghaleh
- Department of Neurology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Elizabeth H Lacey
- Department of Neurology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA.,Research Division, MedStar National Rehabilitation Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Mackenzie E Fama
- Department of Neurology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA.,Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, Towson University, Towson, MD 21252, USA
| | - Zainab Anbari
- Department of Neurology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Andrew T DeMarco
- Department of Neurology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Peter E Turkeltaub
- Department of Neurology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA.,Research Division, MedStar National Rehabilitation Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mohapatra B, Laures-Gore J. Moving Toward Accurate Assessment of Working Memory in Adults With Neurogenically Based Communication Disorders. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2021; 30:1292-1300. [PMID: 33970679 DOI: 10.1044/2021_ajslp-20-00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This article presents a viewpoint highlighting concerns regarding currently available assessments of working memory in adults with neurogenic communication disorders. Additionally, we provide recommendations for improving working memory assessment in this population. Method This viewpoint includes a critique of clinical and experimental working memory tests relevant to speech-language pathologists. We consider the terminology used to describe memory, as well as discuss language demands and test construction. Results Clinical and experimental testing of working memory in adults with neurogenic communication disorders is challenged due to theoretical, methodological, and practical limitations. The major limitations are characterized as linguistic and task demands, presentation and response modality effects, test administration, and scoring parameters. Taking these limitations into consideration, several modifications to working memory testing and their relevance to neurogenic populations are discussed. Conclusions The recommendations provided in this article can better guide clinicians and researchers to advocate for improved tests of working memory in adults with neurogenic communication disorders. Future research should continue to address these concerns and consider our recommendations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bijoyaa Mohapatra
- Department of Communication Disorders, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Martin RC, Ding J, Hamilton AC, Schnur TT. Working Memory Capacities Neurally Dissociate: Evidence from Acute Stroke. Cereb Cortex Commun 2021; 2:tgab005. [PMID: 33870195 PMCID: PMC8030664 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgab005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Substantial behavioral evidence implies the existence of separable working memory (WM) components for maintaining phonological and semantic information. In contrast, only a few studies have addressed the neural basis of phonological versus semantic WM using functional neuroimaging and none has used a lesion-symptom mapping (LSM) approach. Here, we address this gap, reporting a multivariate LSM study of phonological and semantic WM for 94 individuals at the acute stage of left hemisphere stroke. Testing at the acute stage avoids issues of brain reorganization and the adoption of patient strategies for task performance. The LSM analyses for each WM component controlled for the other WM component and semantic and phonological knowledge at the single word level. For phonological WM, the regions uncovered included the supramarginal gyrus, argued to be the site of phonological storage, and several cortical and subcortical regions plausibly related to inner rehearsal. For semantic WM, inferior frontal regions and the angular gyrus were uncovered. The findings thus provide converging evidence for separable systems for phonological and semantic WM that are distinguished from the systems supporting long-term knowledge representations in those domains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Randi C Martin
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251, USA
| | - Junhua Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - A Cris Hamilton
- Department of Institution Reporting, Research and Information Systems, University of Texas at Austin, Austin 78701, TX, USA
| | - Tatiana T Schnur
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ferrari C, Polito C, Berti V, Lombardi G, Lucidi G, Bessi V, Bagnoli S, Piaceri I, Nacmias B, Sorbi S. High Frequency of Crossed Aphasia in Dextral in an Italian Cohort of Patients with Logopenic Primary Progressive Aphasia. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 72:1089-1096. [PMID: 31683481 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) has been described as a neurodegenerative language disorder mainly affecting the left hemisphere. Few cases of right hemisphere damage in right-handed PPA subjects have been reported. This condition, named crossed aphasia in dextral (CAD), is relatively rare and probably related to an alteration during neurodevelopment of language networks. OBJECTIVE To explore the prevalence of CAD in an Italian cohort of 68 PPA patients, in order to evaluate whether right hemisphere language lateralization could be a risk factor for PPA. METHODS Clinical-demographic and cerebral [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography ([18F]FDG-PET) scan were analyzed, resulting in 23 logopenic variant (lvPPA) patients, 26 non-fluent variant (nfvPPA) patients, and 19 semantic variant (svPPA) patients. SPM single subject routine was performed for diagnostic purposes in order to identify the hypometabolic pattern of each patient. Based on brain metabolic profile, PPA patients were divided in right and left lvPPA, nfvPPA, and svPPA. [18F]FDG-PET group analyses were performed with SPM two-sample t-test routine. RESULTS 26% of lvPPA cases were identified as CAD based on right hypometabolic pattern. CAD patients did not differ from left lvPPA regarding demographic features and general cognitive performance; however, they performed better in specific working memory tasks and showed brain hypometabolism limited to the superior, middle, and supramarginal temporal gyri. CONCLUSION Atypical lateralization of language function could determine a vulnerability of the phonological language loop and in that way could be a risk factor for lvPPA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Ferrari
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Cristina Polito
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", Nuclear Medicine Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Valentina Berti
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", Nuclear Medicine Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gemma Lombardi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Lucidi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
| | - Valentina Bessi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Bagnoli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Irene Piaceri
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Benedetta Nacmias
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sandro Sorbi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kumar S, Gander PE, Berger JI, Billig AJ, Nourski KV, Oya H, Kawasaki H, Howard MA, Griffiths TD. Oscillatory correlates of auditory working memory examined with human electrocorticography. Neuropsychologia 2020; 150:107691. [PMID: 33227284 PMCID: PMC7884909 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This work examines how sounds are held in auditory working memory (AWM) in humans by examining oscillatory local field potentials (LFPs) in candidate brain regions. Previous fMRI studies by our group demonstrated blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) response increases during maintenance in auditory cortex, inferior frontal cortex and the hippocampus using a paradigm with a delay period greater than 10s. The relationship between such BOLD changes and ensemble activity in different frequency bands is complex, and the long delay period raised the possibility that long-term memory mechanisms were engaged. Here we assessed LFPs in different frequency bands in six subjects with recordings from all candidate brain regions using a paradigm with a short delay period of 3 s. Sustained delay activity was demonstrated in all areas, with different patterns in the different areas. Enhancement in low frequency (delta) power and suppression across higher frequencies (beta/gamma) were demonstrated in primary auditory cortex in medial Heschl’s gyrus (HG) whilst non-primary cortex showed patterns of enhancement and suppression that altered at different levels of the auditory hierarchy from lateral HG to superior- and middle-temporal gyrus. Inferior frontal cortex showed increasing suppression with increasing frequency. The hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus showed low frequency increases and high frequency decreases in oscillatory activity. This work demonstrates sustained activity patterns during AWM maintenance, with prominent low-frequency increases in medial temporal lobe regions. Local field potentials recorded in humans while they keep sound in working memory. Sustained increase in delta power observed in primary auditory cortex. Pattern of change in power in non-primary cortex depends on the hierarchical level. Hippocampus and parahippocampus showed increase in low frequency power.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sukhbinder Kumar
- Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Phillip E Gander
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Joel I Berger
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | | | - Kirill V Nourski
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Oya
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Hiroto Kawasaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Matthew A Howard
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA; Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Timothy D Griffiths
- Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear NE2 4HH, UK; Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA; Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ivanova MV, Herron TJ, Dronkers NF, Baldo JV. An empirical comparison of univariate versus multivariate methods for the analysis of brain-behavior mapping. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 42:1070-1101. [PMID: 33216425 PMCID: PMC7856656 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lesion symptom mapping (LSM) tools are used on brain injury data to identify the neural structures critical for a given behavior or symptom. Univariate lesion symptom mapping (ULSM) methods provide statistical comparisons of behavioral test scores in patients with and without a lesion on a voxel by voxel basis. More recently, multivariate lesion symptom mapping (MLSM) methods have been developed that consider the effects of all lesioned voxels in one model simultaneously. In the current study, we provide a much-needed systematic comparison of several ULSM and MLSM methods, using both synthetic and real data to identify the potential strengths and weaknesses of both approaches. We tested the spatial precision of each LSM method for both single and dual (network type) anatomical target simulations across anatomical target location, sample size, noise level, and lesion smoothing. Additionally, we performed false positive simulations to identify the characteristics associated with each method's spurious findings. Simulations showed no clear superiority of either ULSM or MLSM methods overall, but rather highlighted specific advantages of different methods. No single method produced a thresholded LSM map that exclusively delineated brain regions associated with the target behavior. Thus, different LSM methods are indicated, depending on the particular study design, specific hypotheses, and sample size. Overall, we recommend the use of both ULSM and MLSM methods in tandem to enhance confidence in the results: Brain foci identified as significant across both types of methods are unlikely to be spurious and can be confidently reported as robust results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Ivanova
- University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.,VA Northern California Health Care System, Martinez, California, USA
| | - Timothy J Herron
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Martinez, California, USA
| | - Nina F Dronkers
- University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.,VA Northern California Health Care System, Martinez, California, USA.,University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Juliana V Baldo
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Martinez, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Salvalaggio A, De Filippo De Grazia M, Zorzi M, Thiebaut de Schotten M, Corbetta M. Post-stroke deficit prediction from lesion and indirect structural and functional disconnection. Brain 2020; 143:2173-2188. [PMID: 32572442 PMCID: PMC7363494 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioural deficits in stroke reflect both structural damage at the site of injury, and widespread network dysfunction caused by structural, functional, and metabolic disconnection. Two recent methods allow for the estimation of structural and functional disconnection from clinical structural imaging. This is achieved by embedding a patient's lesion into an atlas of functional and structural connections in healthy subjects, and deriving the ensemble of structural and functional connections that pass through the lesion, thus indirectly estimating its impact on the whole brain connectome. This indirect assessment of network dysfunction is more readily available than direct measures of functional and structural connectivity obtained with functional and diffusion MRI, respectively, and it is in theory applicable to a wide variety of disorders. To validate the clinical relevance of these methods, we quantified the prediction of behavioural deficits in a prospective cohort of 132 first-time stroke patients studied at 2 weeks post-injury (mean age 52.8 years, range 22-77; 63 females; 64 right hemispheres). Specifically, we used multivariate ridge regression to relate deficits in multiple functional domains (left and right visual, left and right motor, language, spatial attention, spatial and verbal memory) with the pattern of lesion and indirect structural or functional disconnection. In a subgroup of patients, we also measured direct alterations of functional connectivity with resting-state functional MRI. Both lesion and indirect structural disconnection maps were predictive of behavioural impairment in all domains (0.16 < R2 < 0.58) except for verbal memory (0.05 < R2 < 0.06). Prediction from indirect functional disconnection was scarce or negligible (0.01 < R2 < 0.18) except for the right visual field deficits (R2 = 0.38), even though multivariate maps were anatomically plausible in all domains. Prediction from direct measures of functional MRI functional connectivity in a subset of patients was clearly superior to indirect functional disconnection. In conclusion, the indirect estimation of structural connectivity damage successfully predicted behavioural deficits post-stroke to a level comparable to lesion information. However, indirect estimation of functional disconnection did not predict behavioural deficits, nor was a substitute for direct functional connectivity measurements, especially for cognitive disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Salvalaggio
- Clinica Neurologica, Department of Neuroscience, and Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, Italy
| | | | - Marco Zorzi
- IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy
- Department of General Psychology, and Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Michel Thiebaut de Schotten
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Laboratory, Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France
- Groupe d’Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives-UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Maurizio Corbetta
- Clinica Neurologica, Department of Neuroscience, and Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, VIMM, Padova, Italy
- Department of Neurology, Radiology, Neuroscience Washington University School of Medicine, St.Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cipolotti L, Molenberghs P, Dominguez J, Smith N, Smirni D, Xu T, Shallice T, Chan E. Fluency and rule breaking behaviour in the frontal cortex. Neuropsychologia 2020; 137:107308. [PMID: 31866432 PMCID: PMC6996283 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Design (DF) and phonemic fluency tests (FAS; D-KEFS, 2001) are commonly used to investigate voluntary generation. Despite this, several important issues remain poorly investigated. In a sizeable sample of patients with focal left or right frontal lesion we established that voluntary generation performance cannot be accounted for by fluid intelligence. For DF we found patients performed significantly worse than healthy controls (HC) only on the switch condition. However, no significant difference between left and right frontal patients was found. In contrast, left frontal patients were significantly impaired when compared with HC and right frontal patients on FAS. These lateralization findings were complemented, for the first time, by three neuroimaging; investigations. A traditional frontal subgrouping method found significant differences on FAS between patients with or without Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus lesions involving BA 44 and/or 45. Parcel Based Lesion Symptom Mapping (PLSM) found lower scores on FAS were significantly associated with damage to posterior Left Middle Frontal Gyrus. An increase in rule break errors, so far only anecdotally reported, was associated with damage to the left dorsal anterior cingulate and left body of the corpus callosum, supporting the idea that conflict resolution and monitoring impairments may play a role. Tractwise statistical analysis (TSA) revealed that patients with disconnection; in the left anterior thalamic projections, frontal aslant tract, frontal; orbitopolar tract, pons, superior longitudinal fasciculus I and II performed significantly worse than patients without disconnection in these tracts on FAS. In contrast, PLSM and TSA analyses did not reveal any significant relationship between lesion location and performance on the DF switch condition. Overall, these findings suggest DF may have limited utility as a tool in detecting lateralized frontal executive dysfunction, whereas FAS and rule break behavior appears to be linked to a set of well localized left frontal grey matter regions and white matter tracts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Cipolotti
- Department of Neuropsychology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK.
| | | | - Juan Dominguez
- School of Psychology and Mary Mackillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Australia
| | - Nicola Smith
- Department of Neuropsychology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Daniela Smirni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Psicologiche, Pedagogiche e della Formazione, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Tianbo Xu
- Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Tim Shallice
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, UK; International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA-ISAS), Trieste, Italy
| | - Edgar Chan
- Department of Neuropsychology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Association between tumor location and neurocognitive functioning using tumor localization maps. J Neurooncol 2019; 144:573-582. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-019-03259-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
21
|
Leo V, Sihvonen AJ, Linnavalli T, Tervaniemi M, Laine M, Soinila S, Särkämö T. Cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying the mnemonic effect of songs after stroke. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2019; 24:101948. [PMID: 31419766 PMCID: PMC6706631 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Sung melody provides a mnemonic cue that can enhance the acquisition of novel verbal material in healthy subjects. Recent evidence suggests that also stroke patients, especially those with mild aphasia, can learn and recall novel narrative stories better when they are presented in sung than spoken format. Extending this finding, the present study explored the cognitive mechanisms underlying this effect by determining whether learning and recall of novel sung vs. spoken stories show a differential pattern of serial position effects (SPEs) and chunking effects in non-aphasic and aphasic stroke patients (N = 31) studied 6 months post-stroke. The structural neural correlates of these effects were also explored using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and deterministic tractography (DT) analyses of structural MRI data. Non-aphasic patients showed more stable recall with reduced SPEs in the sung than spoken task, which was coupled with greater volume and integrity (indicated by fractional anisotropy, FA) of the left arcuate fasciculus. In contrast, compared to non-aphasic patients, the aphasic patients showed a larger recency effect (better recall of the last vs. middle part of the story) and enhanced chunking (larger units of correctly recalled consecutive items) in the sung than spoken task. In aphasics, the enhanced chunking and better recall on the middle verse in the sung vs. spoken task correlated also with better ability to perceive emotional prosody in speech. Neurally, the sung > spoken recency effect in aphasic patients was coupled with greater grey matter volume in a bilateral network of temporal, frontal, and parietal regions and also greater volume of the right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF). These results provide novel cognitive and neurobiological insight on how a repetitive sung melody can function as a verbal mnemonic aid after stroke. Non-aphasic stroke patients show more stable recall of sung than spoken stories. Aphasic patients show larger recency and chunking effects to sung vs. spoken stories. The left dorsal pathway mediates better recall of sung stories in non-aphasics. The right ventral pathway mediates better recall of sung stories in aphasics. Large-scale bilateral cortical networks are linked to musical mnemonics in aphasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vera Leo
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aleksi J Sihvonen
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tanja Linnavalli
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari Tervaniemi
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland; CICERO Learning, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti Laine
- Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Seppo Soinila
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital, Department of Neurology, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Teppo Särkämö
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Fazekas P, Nemeth G. Dream experiences and the neural correlates of perceptual consciousness and cognitive access. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 373:rstb.2017.0356. [PMID: 30061469 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper approaches the debate whether perceptual consciousness requires cognitive access from the perspective of dream studies, and investigates what kind of findings could support the opposing views of this debate. Two kinds of arguments are discussed, one that claims that the hypoactivity of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in rapid eye movement sleep is directly relevant, and another that proposes that locating the neural correlates of dream experiences can indirectly inform the debate. It is argued that under closer reflection, neither the classical claim about dorsolateral prefrontal cortex hypoactivity nor the more recent emphasis on general posterior hot zone activity during dreaming stand up to scrutiny. White dreaming is identified as the phenomenon that, nevertheless, holds the most promise to have an impact on the debate. Going beyond the topic if studying dreams can contribute to this debate, it is argued that cognitive access is not a monolithic phenomenon, and its neural correlates are not well understood. There seems to be a relevant form of cognitive access that can operate in the absence of activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and maybe also in the whole frontal region. If so, then exclusive posterior activation during conscious experiences might very well be compatible with the hypothesis that perceptual consciousness requires cognitive access.This article is part of the theme issue 'Perceptual consciousness and cognitive access'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Fazekas
- Centre for Philosophical Psychology, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Georgina Nemeth
- Behavioural Psychology Programme, Doctoral School of Psychology, Eötvös University, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Phillips I. The methodological puzzle of phenomenal consciousness. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 373:rstb.2017.0347. [PMID: 30061461 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Is phenomenal consciousness constitutively related to cognitive access? Despite being a fundamental issue for any science of consciousness, its empirical study faces a severe methodological puzzle. Recent years have seen numerous attempts to address this puzzle, either in practice, by offering evidence for a positive or negative answer, or in principle, by proposing a framework for eventual resolution. The present paper critically considers these endeavours, including partial-report, metacognitive and no-report paradigms, as well as the theoretical proposal that we can make progress by studying phenomenal consciousness as a natural kind. It is argued that the methodological puzzle remains obdurately with us and that, for now, we must adopt an attitude of humility towards the phenomenal.This article is part of the theme issue 'Perceptual consciousness and cognitive access'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Phillips
- Department of Philosophy, Birmingham University, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK .,Cognitive Science, University of Princeton, Princeton, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Akinina Y, Dragoy O, Ivanova MV, Iskra EV, Soloukhina OA, Petryshevsky AG, Fedinа ON, Turken AU, Shklovsky VM, Dronkers NF. Grey and white matter substrates of action naming. Neuropsychologia 2019; 131:249-265. [PMID: 31129278 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite a persistent interest in verb processing, data on the neural underpinnings of verb retrieval are fragmentary. The present study is the first to analyze the contributions of both grey and white matter damage affecting verb retrieval through action naming in stroke. We used voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM) with an action naming task in 40 left-hemisphere stroke patients. Within the grey matter, we revealed the critical involvement of the left precentral and inferior frontal gyri, insula, and parts of basal ganglia. An overlay of white matter tract probability masks on the VLSM lesion map revealed involvement of left-hemisphere long and short association tracts with terminations in the frontal areas; and several projection tracts. The involvement of these structures is interpreted in the light of existing picture naming models, semantic control processes, and the embodiment cognition framework. Our results stress the importance of both cortico-cortical and cortico-subcortical networks of language processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Akinina
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Center for Language and Brain, 21/4 Staraya Basmannaya Street, Office 510, 105066, Moscow, Russia; University of Groningen, Graduate School for the Humanities, P.O. Box 716, NL-9700, AS Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - O Dragoy
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Center for Language and Brain, 21/4 Staraya Basmannaya Street, Office 510, 105066, Moscow, Russia; Federal Center for Cerebrovascular Pathology and Stroke, Department of Medical Rehabilitation, 1/10 Ostrovityanova Street, 117342, Moscow, Russia
| | - M V Ivanova
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Center for Language and Brain, 21/4 Staraya Basmannaya Street, Office 510, 105066, Moscow, Russia; University of California, Berkeley, Dept. of Psychology, 2121 Berkeley Way, 94704, Berkeley, CA, USA; Center for Aphasia and Related Disorders, VA Northern California Health Care System, 150 Muir Road 126R, 94553, Martinez, CA, USA
| | - E V Iskra
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Center for Language and Brain, 21/4 Staraya Basmannaya Street, Office 510, 105066, Moscow, Russia; Center for Speech Pathology and Neurorehabilitation, 20 Nikoloyamskaya Street, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - O A Soloukhina
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Center for Language and Brain, 21/4 Staraya Basmannaya Street, Office 510, 105066, Moscow, Russia
| | - A G Petryshevsky
- Center for Speech Pathology and Neurorehabilitation, 20 Nikoloyamskaya Street, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - O N Fedinа
- Center for Speech Pathology and Neurorehabilitation, 20 Nikoloyamskaya Street, 109240, Moscow, Russia; Medicine and Nuclear Technology Ltd., 1/133 Akademika Kurchatova Street, 123182, Moscow, Russia
| | - A U Turken
- Center for Aphasia and Related Disorders, VA Northern California Health Care System, 150 Muir Road 126R, 94553, Martinez, CA, USA
| | - V M Shklovsky
- Center for Speech Pathology and Neurorehabilitation, 20 Nikoloyamskaya Street, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - N F Dronkers
- University of California, Berkeley, Dept. of Psychology, 2121 Berkeley Way, 94704, Berkeley, CA, USA; Center for Aphasia and Related Disorders, VA Northern California Health Care System, 150 Muir Road 126R, 94553, Martinez, CA, USA; University of California, Davis, Dept. of Neurology, Sacramento, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mapping functional brain organization: Rethinking lesion symptom mapping and advanced neuroimaging methods in the understanding of human cognition. Neuropsychologia 2018; 115:1-4. [PMID: 29704522 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|