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Nusbaum F, Hannoun S, Barile B, Suprano I, Mouchet S, Sappey-Marinier D. Personal Income Performance Correlates with Brain Structural Network Modularity but Not Intelligence Quotient. Brain Connect 2024; 14:284-293. [PMID: 38848246 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2023.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This study aims to use diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in conjunction with brain graph techniques to define brain structural connectivity and investigate its association with personal income (PI) in individuals of various ages and intelligence quotients (IQ). Methods: MRI examinations were performed on 55 male subjects (mean age: 40.1 ± 9.4 years). Graph data and metrics were generated, and DTI images were analyzed using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS). All subjects underwent the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale for a reliable estimation of the full-scale IQ (FSIQ), which includes verbal comprehension index, perceptual reasoning index, working memory index, and processing speed index. The performance score was defined as the monthly PI normalized by the age of the subject. Results: The analysis of global graph metrics showed that modularity correlated positively with performance score (p = 0.003) and negatively with FSIQ (p = 0.04) and processing speed index (p = 0.005). No significant correlations were found between IQ indices and performance scores. Regional analysis of graph metrics showed modularity differences between right and left networks in sub-cortical (p = 0.001) and frontal (p = 0.044) networks. TBSS analysis showed greater axial and mean diffusivities in the high-performance group in correlation with their modular brain organization. Conclusion: This study showed that PI performance is strongly correlated with a modular organization of brain structural connectivity, which implies short and rapid networks, providing automatic and unconscious brain processing. Additionally, the lack of correlation between performance and IQ suggests a reduced role of academic reasoning skills in performance to the advantage of high uncertainty decision-making networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Nusbaum
- Health Systemic Process (P2S), UR 4129, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Salem Hannoun
- Medical Imaging Sciences Program, Division of Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Berardino Barile
- CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220, INSERM U1294, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon1, INSA-Lyon, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Ilaria Suprano
- CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220, INSERM U1294, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon1, INSA-Lyon, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sabine Mouchet
- Service de Psychiatrie Légale - Pôle Santé Mentale des Détenus et Psychiatrie Légale, Centre Hospitalier le Vinatier, Bron, France
| | - Dominique Sappey-Marinier
- CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220, INSERM U1294, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon1, INSA-Lyon, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
- CERMEP-Imagerie du Vivant, Université de Lyon, Bron, France
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2
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Maddaluno O, Della Penna S, Pizzuti A, Spezialetti M, Corbetta M, de Pasquale F, Betti V. Encoding Manual Dexterity through Modulation of Intrinsic α Band Connectivity. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1766232024. [PMID: 38538141 PMCID: PMC11097277 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1766-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The human hand possesses both consolidated motor skills and remarkable flexibility in adapting to ongoing task demands. However, the underlying mechanisms by which the brain balances stability and flexibility remain unknown. In the absence of external input or behavior, spontaneous (intrinsic) brain connectivity is thought to represent a prior of stored memories. In this study, we investigated how manual dexterity modulates spontaneous functional connectivity in the motor cortex during hand movement. Using magnetoencephalography, in 47 human participants (both sexes), we examined connectivity modulations in the α and β frequency bands at rest and during two motor tasks (i.e., finger tapping or toe squeezing). The flexibility and stability of such modulations allowed us to identify two groups of participants with different levels of performance (high and low performers) on the nine-hole peg test, a test of manual dexterity. In the α band, participants with higher manual dexterity showed distributed decreases of connectivity, specifically in the motor cortex, increased segregation, and reduced nodal centrality. Participants with lower manual dexterity showed an opposite pattern. Notably, these patterns from the brain to behavior are mirrored by results from behavior to the brain. Indeed, when participants were divided using the median split of the dexterity score, we found the same connectivity patterns. In summary, this experiment shows that a long-term motor skill-manual dexterity-influences the way the motor systems respond during movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ottavia Maddaluno
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome 00179, Italy
| | - Stefania Della Penna
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences and ITAB - Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti and Pescara, Chieti 66013, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pizzuti
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome 00179, Italy
| | - Matteo Spezialetti
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome 00179, Italy
| | - Maurizio Corbetta
- Department of Neuroscience and Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padua, Padua 35131, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova 35129, Italy
| | | | - Viviana Betti
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome 00179, Italy
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Anthony M, Turnbull A, Tadin D, Lin FV. Positive affect disrupts neurodegeneration effects on cognitive training plasticity in older adults. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2024; 19:nsae004. [PMID: 38252656 PMCID: PMC10939393 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cognitive training for older adults varies in efficacy, but it is unclear why some older adults benefit more than others. Positive affective experience (PAE), referring to high positive valence and/or stable arousal states across everyday scenarios, and associated functional networks can protect plasticity mechanisms against Alzheimer's disease neurodegeneration, which may contribute to training outcome variability. The objective of this study is to investigate whether PAE explains variability in cognitive training outcomes by disrupting the adverse effect of neurodegeneration on plasticity. The study's design is a secondary analysis of a randomized control trial of cognitive training with concurrent real or sham brain stimulation (39 older adults with mild cognitive impairment; mean age, 71). Moderation analyses, with change in episodic memory or executive function as the outcome, PAE or baseline resting-state connectivity as the moderator and baseline neurodegeneration as the predictor are the methods used in the study. The result of the study is that PAE stability and baseline default mode network (DMN) connectivity disrupted the effect of neurodegeneration on plasticity in executive function but not episodic memory. The study concludes that PAE stability and degree of DMN integrity both explained cognitive training outcome variability, by reducing the adverse effect of neurodegeneration on cognitive plasticity. We highlight the need to account for PAE, brain aging factors and their interactions with plasticity in cognitive training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Anthony
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Adam Turnbull
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Duje Tadin
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - F Vankee Lin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
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Li D, Hou D, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Cui X, Niu Y, Xiang J, Wang B. Aberrant Functional Connectivity in Core-Periphery Structure Based on WSBM in ADHD. J Atten Disord 2024; 28:415-430. [PMID: 38102929 DOI: 10.1177/10870547231214985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brain network studies have revealed that the community structure of ADHD is altered. However, these studies have only focused on modular community structure, ignoring the core-periphery community structure. METHOD This paper employed the weighted stochastic block model to divide the functional connectivity (FC) into 10 communities. And we adopted core score to define the core-periphery structure of FC. Finally, connectivity strength (CS) and disruption index (DI) were used to evaluate the changes of core-periphery structure in ADHD. RESULTS The core community of visual network showed reduced CS and a positive value of DI, while the CS of periphery community was enhanced. In addition, the interaction between core communities (involving the sensorimotor and visual network) and periphery community of attention network showed increased CS and a negative valve of DI. CONCLUSION Anomalies in core-periphery community structure provide a new perspective for understanding the community structure of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Li
- Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi, China
| | - Dianni Hou
- Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi, China
| | | | - Yao Zhao
- Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi, China
| | | | - Yan Niu
- Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi, China
| | - Jie Xiang
- Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi, China
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Pak V, Hashmi JA. Top-down threat bias in pain perception is predicted by higher segregation between resting-state networks. Netw Neurosci 2023; 7:1248-1265. [PMID: 38144683 PMCID: PMC10631789 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Top-down processes such as expectations have a strong influence on pain perception. Predicted threat of impending pain can affect perceived pain even more than the actual intensity of a noxious event. This type of threat bias in pain perception is associated with fear of pain and low pain tolerance, and hence the extent of bias varies between individuals. Large-scale patterns of functional brain connectivity are important for integrating expectations with sensory data. Greater integration is necessary for sensory integration; therefore, here we investigate the association between system segregation and top-down threat bias in healthy individuals. We show that top-down threat bias is predicted by less functional connectivity between resting-state networks. This effect was significant at a wide range of network thresholds and specifically in predefined parcellations of resting-state networks. Greater system segregation in brain networks also predicted higher anxiety and pain catastrophizing. These findings highlight the role of integration in brain networks in mediating threat bias in pain perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Pak
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Javeria Ali Hashmi
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management, and Perioperative Medicine, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Deleglise A, Donnelly-Kehoe PA, Yeffal A, Jacobacci F, Jovicich J, Amaro E, Armony JL, Doyon J, Della-Maggiore V. Human motor sequence learning drives transient changes in network topology and hippocampal connectivity early during memory consolidation. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:6120-6131. [PMID: 36587288 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the exclusive role of the hippocampus in human declarative learning has been challenged. Recently, we have shown that gains in performance observed in motor sequence learning (MSL) during the quiet rest periods interleaved with practice are associated with increased hippocampal activity, suggesting a role of this structure in motor memory reactivation. Yet, skill also develops offline as memory stabilizes after training and overnight. To examine whether the hippocampus contributes to motor sequence memory consolidation, here we used a network neuroscience strategy to track its functional connectivity offline 30 min and 24 h post learning using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Using a graph-analytical approach we found that MSL transiently increased network modularity, reflected in an increment in local information processing at 30 min that returned to baseline at 24 h. Within the same time window, MSL decreased the connectivity of a hippocampal-sensorimotor network, and increased the connectivity of a striatal-premotor network in an antagonistic manner. Finally, a supervised classification identified a low-dimensional pattern of hippocampal connectivity that discriminated between control and MSL data with high accuracy. The fact that changes in hippocampal connectivity were detected shortly after training supports a relevant role of the hippocampus in early stages of motor memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Deleglise
- University of Buenos Aires, CONICET, Institute of Physiology and Biophysics (IFIBIO) Bernardo Houssay, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | | | - Abraham Yeffal
- University of Buenos Aires, CONICET, Institute of Physiology and Biophysics (IFIBIO) Bernardo Houssay, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Florencia Jacobacci
- University of Buenos Aires, CONICET, Institute of Physiology and Biophysics (IFIBIO) Bernardo Houssay, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Jorge Jovicich
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, 38068 Trento, Italy
| | - Edson Amaro
- Plataforma de Imagens na Sala de Autopsia (PISA), Instituto de Radiologia, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Jorge L Armony
- Douglas Mental Health Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Julien Doyon
- McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Valeria Della-Maggiore
- University of Buenos Aires, CONICET, Institute of Physiology and Biophysics (IFIBIO) Bernardo Houssay, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
- School of Science and Technology (ECyT), National University of San Martin, B1650 Villa Lynch, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Gallen CL, Hwang K, Chen AJW, Jacobs EG, Lee TG, D’Esposito M. Influence of goals on modular brain network organization during working memory. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1128610. [PMID: 37138661 PMCID: PMC10150932 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1128610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Top-down control underlies our ability to attend relevant stimuli while ignoring irrelevant, distracting stimuli and is a critical process for prioritizing information in working memory (WM). Prior work has demonstrated that top-down biasing signals modulate sensory-selective cortical areas during WM, and that the large-scale organization of the brain reconfigures due to WM demands alone; however, it is not yet understood how brain networks reconfigure between the processing of relevant versus irrelevant information in the service of WM. Methods Here, we investigated the effects of task goals on brain network organization while participants performed a WM task that required participants to detect repetitions (e.g., 0-back or 1-back) and had varying levels of visual interference (e.g., distracting, irrelevant stimuli). We quantified changes in network modularity-a measure of brain sub-network segregation-that occurred depending on overall WM task difficulty as well as trial-level task goals for each stimulus during the task conditions (e.g., relevant or irrelevant). Results First, we replicated prior work and found that whole-brain modularity was lower during the more demanding WM task conditions compared to a baseline condition. Further, during the WM conditions with varying task goals, brain modularity was selectively lower during goal-directed processing of task-relevant stimuli to be remembered for WM performance compared to processing of distracting, irrelevant stimuli. Follow-up analyses indicated that this effect of task goals was most pronounced in default mode and visual sub-networks. Finally, we examined the behavioral relevance of these changes in modularity and found that individuals with lower modularity for relevant trials had faster WM task performance. Discussion These results suggest that brain networks can dynamically reconfigure to adopt a more integrated organization with greater communication between sub-networks that supports the goal-directed processing of relevant information and guides WM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney L. Gallen
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Neuroscape Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Kai Hwang
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Anthony J.-W. Chen
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Northern California Health Care System, Martinez, CA, United States
| | - Emily G. Jacobs
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Taraz G. Lee
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Mark D’Esposito
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Northern California Health Care System, Martinez, CA, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
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8
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Ke M, Wang C, Liu G. Multilayer brain network modeling and dynamic analysis of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1123534. [PMID: 36969802 PMCID: PMC10036585 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1123534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: It is indisputable that the functional connectivity of the brain network in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) patients is abnormal. As a mathematical extension of the traditional network model, the multilayer network can fully capture the fluctuations of brain imaging data with time, and capture subtle abnormal dynamic changes. This study assumed that the dynamic structure of JME patients is abnormal and used the multilayer network framework to analyze the change brain community structure in JME patients from the perspective of dynamic analysis.Methods: First, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were obtained from 35 JME patients and 34 healthy control subjects. In addition, the communities of the two groups were explored with the help of a multilayer network model and a multilayer community detection algorithm. Finally, differences were described by metrics that are specific to the multilayer network.Results: Compared with healthy controls, JME patients had a significantly lower modularity degree of the brain network. Furthermore, from the level of the functional network, the integration of the default mode network (DMN) and visual network (VN) in JME patients showed a significantly higher trend, and the flexibility of the attention network (AN) also increased significantly. At the node level, the integration of seven nodes of the DMN was significantly increased, the integration of five nodes of the VN was significantly increased, and the flexibility of three nodes of the AN was significantly increased. Moreover, through division of the core-peripheral system, we found that the left insula and left cuneus were core regions specific to the JME group, while most of the peripheral systems specific to the JME group were distributed in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Finally, we found that the flexibility of the opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus was significantly correlated with the severity of JME symptoms.Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the dynamic community structure of JME patients is indeed abnormal. These results provide a new perspective for the study of dynamic changes in communities in JME patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ke
- School of Computer and Communication, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Ke Guangyao Liu
| | - Changliang Wang
- School of Computer and Communication, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guangyao Liu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Ke Guangyao Liu
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Morrison MA, Walter S, Mueller S, Felton E, Jakary A, Stoller S, Molinaro AM, Braunstein SE, Hess CP, Lupo JM. Functional network alterations in young brain tumor patients with radiotherapy-induced memory impairments and vascular injury. Front Neurol 2022; 13:921984. [PMID: 36172034 PMCID: PMC9511024 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.921984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cognitive impairment and cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are long-term side-effects of cranial radiation therapy (RT). Previously we showed that memory function is disrupted in young patients and that the rate of cognitive decline correlates with CMB development. However, vascular injury alone cannot explain RT-induced cognitive decline. Here we use resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI) to further investigate the complex mechanisms underlying memory impairment after RT. Methods Nineteen young patients previously treated with or without focal or whole-brain RT for a brain tumor underwent cognitive testing followed by 7T rsfMRI and susceptibility-weighted imaging for CMB detection. Global brain modularity and efficiency, and rsfMRI signal variability within the dorsal attention, salience, and frontoparietal networks were computed. We evaluated whether MR metrics could distinguish age- and sex-matched controls (N = 19) from patients and differentiate patients based on RT exposure and aggressiveness. We also related MR metrics with memory performance, CMB burden, and risk factors for cognitive decline after RT. Results Compared to controls, patients exhibited widespread hyperconnectivity, similar modularity, and significantly increased efficiency (p < 0.001) and network variability (p < 0.001). The most abnormal values were detected in patients treated with high dose whole-brain RT, having supratentorial tumors, and who did not undergo RT but had hydrocephalus. MR metrics and memory performance were correlated (R = 0.34–0.53), though MR metrics were more strongly related to risk factors for cognitive worsening and CMB burden with evidence of functional recovery. Conclusions MR metrics describing brain connectivity and variability represent promising candidate imaging biomarkers for monitoring of long-term cognitive side-effects after RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A. Morrison
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Melanie A. Morrison
| | - Sadie Walter
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Pacific Northwest University of Health Sciences, Yakima, WA, United States
| | - Sabine Mueller
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Erin Felton
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Angela Jakary
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Schuyler Stoller
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Annette M. Molinaro
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Steve E. Braunstein
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Christopher P. Hess
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Janine M. Lupo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Hummos A, Wang BA, Drammis S, Halassa MM, Pleger B. Thalamic regulation of frontal interactions in human cognitive flexibility. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010500. [PMID: 36094955 PMCID: PMC9499289 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions across frontal cortex are critical for cognition. Animal studies suggest a role for mediodorsal thalamus (MD) in these interactions, but the computations performed and direct relevance to human decision making are unclear. Here, inspired by animal work, we extended a neural model of an executive frontal-MD network and trained it on a human decision-making task for which neuroimaging data were collected. Using a biologically-plausible learning rule, we found that the model MD thalamus compressed its cortical inputs (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, dlPFC) underlying stimulus-response representations. Through direct feedback to dlPFC, this thalamic operation efficiently partitioned cortical activity patterns and enhanced task switching across different contingencies. To account for interactions with other frontal regions, we expanded the model to compute higher-order strategy signals outside dlPFC, and found that the MD offered a more efficient route for such signals to switch dlPFC activity patterns. Human fMRI data provided evidence that the MD engaged in feedback to dlPFC, and had a role in routing orbitofrontal cortex inputs when subjects switched behavioral strategy. Collectively, our findings contribute to the emerging evidence for thalamic regulation of frontal interactions in the human brain. The expansion of frontal cortex during mammalian evolution suggested a prominent role in intelligent and adaptive behavior, overshadowing earlier parts of the brain. However, recent rodent studies have pointed to a role for the cognitive mediodorsal thalamus (MD) in sustaining and flexibly switching representations in the frontal cortex, but direct relevance to human decision-making are unclear. Here, inspired by animal work, we extended a neural model of an executive frontal-MD network and trained it on a human decision-making task for which human neuroimaging data were collected. We found that the model MD thalamus learned an abstract representation of its cortical inputs and provided direct feedback to frontal cortex leading to flexible computations and enhanced task switching. These abstract MD representations and ability to re-organize frontal computations created an efficient mechanism where MD can integrate input from other regions to select behavioral strategy dynamically. The model predicted an efficient route through the MD for frontal region interactions and we found consistent evidence in human neuroimaging data. Collectively, our findings contribute to the emerging evidence for thalamic regulation of frontal interactions in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hummos
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Bin A. Wang
- Department of Neurology, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Collaborative Research Centre 874 "Integration and Representation of Sensory Processes", Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sabrina Drammis
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Computer Science & Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michael M. Halassa
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Burkhard Pleger
- Department of Neurology, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Collaborative Research Centre 874 "Integration and Representation of Sensory Processes", Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Lavin KM, Coen PM, Baptista LC, Bell MB, Drummer D, Harper SA, Lixandrão ME, McAdam JS, O’Bryan SM, Ramos S, Roberts LM, Vega RB, Goodpaster BH, Bamman MM, Buford TW. State of Knowledge on Molecular Adaptations to Exercise in Humans: Historical Perspectives and Future Directions. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3193-3279. [PMID: 35578962 PMCID: PMC9186317 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
For centuries, regular exercise has been acknowledged as a potent stimulus to promote, maintain, and restore healthy functioning of nearly every physiological system of the human body. With advancing understanding of the complexity of human physiology, continually evolving methodological possibilities, and an increasingly dire public health situation, the study of exercise as a preventative or therapeutic treatment has never been more interdisciplinary, or more impactful. During the early stages of the NIH Common Fund Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) Initiative, the field is well-positioned to build substantially upon the existing understanding of the mechanisms underlying benefits associated with exercise. Thus, we present a comprehensive body of the knowledge detailing the current literature basis surrounding the molecular adaptations to exercise in humans to provide a view of the state of the field at this critical juncture, as well as a resource for scientists bringing external expertise to the field of exercise physiology. In reviewing current literature related to molecular and cellular processes underlying exercise-induced benefits and adaptations, we also draw attention to existing knowledge gaps warranting continued research effort. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3193-3279, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaleen M. Lavin
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Center for Human Health, Resilience, and Performance, Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida, USA
| | - Paul M. Coen
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Liliana C. Baptista
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Margaret B. Bell
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Devin Drummer
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sara A. Harper
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Manoel E. Lixandrão
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jeremy S. McAdam
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Samia M. O’Bryan
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sofhia Ramos
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Lisa M. Roberts
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Rick B. Vega
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Bret H. Goodpaster
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Marcas M. Bamman
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Center for Human Health, Resilience, and Performance, Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida, USA
| | - Thomas W. Buford
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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12
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Tang H, Riley MR, Singh B, Qi XL, Blake DT, Constantinidis C. Prefrontal cortical plasticity during learning of cognitive tasks. Nat Commun 2022; 13:90. [PMID: 35013248 PMCID: PMC8748623 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27695-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Training in working memory tasks is associated with lasting changes in prefrontal cortical activity. To assess the neural activity changes induced by training, we recorded single units, multi-unit activity (MUA) and local field potentials (LFP) with chronic electrode arrays implanted in the prefrontal cortex of two monkeys, throughout the period they were trained to perform cognitive tasks. Mastering different task phases was associated with distinct changes in neural activity, which included recruitment of larger numbers of neurons, increases or decreases of their firing rate, changes in the correlation structure between neurons, and redistribution of power across LFP frequency bands. In every training phase, changes induced by the actively learned task were also observed in a control task, which remained the same across the training period. Our results reveal how learning to perform cognitive tasks induces plasticity of prefrontal cortical activity, and how activity changes may generalize between tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Tang
- Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institutes of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Mitchell R Riley
- Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Balbir Singh
- Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Xue-Lian Qi
- Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - David T Blake
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Christos Constantinidis
- Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA.
- Neuroscience Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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13
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Wang R, Su X, Chang Z, Lin P, Wu Y. Flexible brain transitions between hierarchical network segregation and integration associated with cognitive performance during a multisource interference task. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2021; 26:1835-1846. [PMID: 34648461 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2021.3119940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cognition involves locally segregated and globally integrated processing. This process is hierarchically organized and linked to evidence from hierarchical modules in brain networks. However, researchers have not clearly determined how flexible transitions between these hierarchical processes are associated with cognitive behavior. Here, we designed a multisource interference task (MSIT) and introduced the nested-spectral partition (NSP) method to detect hierarchical modules in brain functional networks. By defining hierarchical segregation and integration across multiple levels, we showed that the MSIT requires higher network segregation in the whole brain and most functional systems but generates higher integration in the control system. Meanwhile, brain networks have more flexible transitions between segregated and integrated configurations in the task state. Crucially, higher functional flexibility in the resting state, less flexibility in the task state and more efficient switching of the brain from resting to task states were associated with better task performance. Our hierarchical modular analysis was more effective at detecting alterations in functional organization and the phenotype of cognitive performance than graph-based network measures at a single level.
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Chaddock-Heyman L, Weng T, Loui P, Kienzler C, Weisshappel R, Drollette ES, Raine LB, Westfall D, Kao SC, Pindus DM, Baniqued P, Castelli DM, Hillman CH, Kramer AF. Brain network modularity predicts changes in cortical thickness in children involved in a physical activity intervention. Psychophysiology 2021; 58:e13890. [PMID: 34219221 PMCID: PMC8419073 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Individual differences in brain network modularity at baseline can predict improvements in cognitive performance after cognitive and physical interventions. This study is the first to explore whether brain network modularity predicts changes in cortical brain structure in 8- to 9-year-old children involved in an after-school physical activity intervention (N = 62), relative to children randomized to a wait-list control group (N = 53). For children involved in the physical activity intervention, brain network modularity at baseline predicted greater decreases in cortical thickness in the anterior frontal cortex and parahippocampus. Further, for children involved in the physical activity intervention, greater decrease in cortical thickness was associated with improvements in cognitive efficiency. The relationships among baseline modularity, changes in cortical thickness, and changes in cognitive performance were not present in the wait-list control group. Our exploratory study has promising implications for the understanding of brain network modularity as a biomarker of intervention-related improvements with physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Chaddock-Heyman
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Timothy Weng
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Psyche Loui
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caitlin Kienzler
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Robert Weisshappel
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Eric S. Drollette
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lauren B. Raine
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Westfall
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shih-Chun Kao
- Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Dominika M. Pindus
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Pauline Baniqued
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Brain and Creativity Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Darla M. Castelli
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, USA
| | - Charles H. Hillman
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy, Movement, & Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Arthur F. Kramer
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Supekar K, Chang H, Mistry PK, Iuculano T, Menon V. Neurocognitive modeling of latent memory processes reveals reorganization of hippocampal-cortical circuits underlying learning and efficient strategies. Commun Biol 2021; 4:405. [PMID: 33767350 PMCID: PMC7994581 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01872-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient memory-based problem-solving strategies are a cardinal feature of expertise across a wide range of cognitive domains in childhood. However, little is known about the neurocognitive mechanisms that underlie the acquisition of efficient memory-based problem-solving strategies. Here we develop, to the best of our knowledge, a novel neurocognitive process model of latent memory processes to investigate how cognitive training designed to improve children's problem-solving skills alters brain network organization and leads to increased use and efficiency of memory retrieval-based strategies. We found that training increased both the use and efficiency of memory retrieval. Functional brain network analysis revealed training-induced changes in modular network organization, characterized by increase in network modules and reorganization of hippocampal-cortical circuits. Critically, training-related changes in modular network organization predicted performance gains, with emergent hippocampal, rather than parietal cortex, circuitry driving gains in efficiency of memory retrieval. Our findings elucidate a neurocognitive process model of brain network mechanisms that drive learning and gains in children's efficient problem-solving strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaustubh Supekar
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Hyesang Chang
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Percy K Mistry
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Teresa Iuculano
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Developmental Psychology and Child Education Laboratory, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Vinod Menon
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Neuroscience Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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16
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Anguera JA, Schachtner JN, Simon AJ, Volponi J, Javed S, Gallen CL, Gazzaley A. Long-term maintenance of multitasking abilities following video game training in older adults. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 103:22-30. [PMID: 33789209 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of cognitive interventions to remediate deficient cognitive functions, or to enhance or preserve intact cognitive abilities, has been explored for some time, especially in older adults. However, few studies have investigated the long-term persistence of any positive benefits, with none examining whether changes in functional brain activity persist several years later. Here, we assessed whether enhanced cognitive abilities and potential underlying neural changes attained via the use of a custom-made video game (NeuroRacer) played by older adults (60-85 years old) continued to be elevated beyond control participants 6 years later. The NeuroRacer group continued to show reduced multitasking costs beyond control participants, with a neural signature of cognitive control, midline frontal theta power, also continuing to show heightened activity. However, previously evidenced performance benefits that had extended to untrained cognitive control abilities (i.e., enhanced sustained attention and working memory) did not persist, highlighting sustainability limitations. These findings continue to demonstrate the robust plasticity of the prefrontal cognitive control system in the aging brain, a potential neural mechanism underlying enhanced performance over time, and the possible long-term impact that digital therapeutics can have.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin A Anguera
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Neuroscape Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Jessica N Schachtner
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Neuroscape Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexander J Simon
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Neuroscape Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joshua Volponi
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Neuroscape Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Samirah Javed
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Neuroscape Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Courtney L Gallen
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Neuroscape Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adam Gazzaley
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Neuroscape Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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17
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Muller AM, Meyerhoff DJ. Maladaptive brain organization at 1 month into abstinence as an indicator for future relapse in patients with alcohol use disorder. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 53:2923-2938. [PMID: 33630358 PMCID: PMC8252378 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstinence is a lifelong endeavor, and the risk of a relapse is always present for patients with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). The aim of the study was to better understand specific characteristics of the intrinsic whole-brain-network architecture of 34 AUD patients that may support abstinence or relapse. We used Graph Theory Analysis (GTA) of resting-state fMRI data from treatment seekers at 1 month of abstinence and their follow-up data as abstainers or relapsers 3 months later, together with data from 30 light/non-drinking controls scanned at the same interval. We determined the group-specific intrinsic community configurations at both timepoints as well as the corresponding modularity Q, a GTA measure that quantifies how well individual network communities are separated from each other. Both AUD groups at both timepoints had community configurations significantly different from those of controls, but the three groups did not significantly differ in their Q values. However, relapsers showed a maladaptive community configuration at baseline, which became more similar to the controls' community organization after the relapsers had started consuming alcohol again during the study interval. Additionally, successful recovery from AUD was not associated with re-gaining the intrinsic brain organization found in light/non-drinkers, but with a re-configuration resulting in a new brain organization distinctly different from that of healthy controls. Resting-state fMRI provides useful measures reflecting neuroplastic adaptations related to AUD treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Muller
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dieter J Meyerhoff
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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18
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Abstract
AbstractThe prospect of improving or maintaining cognitive functioning has provoked a steadily increasing number of cognitive training interventions over the last years, especially for clinical and elderly populations. However, there are discrepancies between the findings of the studies. One of the reasons behind these heterogeneous findings is that there are vast inter-individual differences in how people benefit from the training and in the extent that training-related gains are transferred to other untrained tasks and domains. In this paper, we address the value of incorporating neural measures to cognitive training studies in order to fully understand the mechanisms leading to inter-individual differences in training gains and their generalizability to other tasks. Our perspective is that it is necessary to collect multimodal neural measures in the pre- and post-training phase, which can enable us to understand the factors contributing to successful training outcomes. More importantly, this understanding can enable us to predict who will benefit from different types of interventions, thereby allowing the development of individually tailored intervention programs.
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19
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Chaddock-Heyman L, Weng TB, Kienzler C, Weisshappel R, Drollette ES, Raine LB, Westfall DR, Kao SC, Baniqued P, Castelli DM, Hillman CH, Kramer AF. Brain Network Modularity Predicts Improvements in Cognitive and Scholastic Performance in Children Involved in a Physical Activity Intervention. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:346. [PMID: 33100988 PMCID: PMC7497763 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Brain network modularity is a principle that quantifies the degree to which functional brain networks are divided into subnetworks. Higher modularity reflects a greater number of within-module connections and fewer connections between modules, and a highly modular brain is often interpreted as a brain that contains highly specialized brain networks with less integration between networks. Recent work in younger and older adults has demonstrated that individual differences in brain network modularity at baseline can predict improvements in performance after cognitive and physical interventions. The use of brain network modularity as a predictor of training outcomes has not yet been examined in children. Method: In the present study, we examined the relationship between baseline brain network modularity and changes (post-intervention performance minus pre-intervention performance) in cognitive and academic performance in 8- to 9-year-old children who participated in an after-school physical activity intervention for 9 months (N = 78) as well as in children in a wait-list control group (N = 72). Results: In children involved in the after-school physical activity intervention, higher modularity of brain networks at baseline predicted greater improvements in cognitive performance for tasks of executive function, cognitive efficiency, and mathematics achievement. There were no associations between baseline brain network modularity and performance changes in the wait-list control group. Discussion: Our study has implications for biomarkers of cognitive plasticity in children. Understanding predictors of cognitive performance and academic progress during child development may facilitate the effectiveness of interventions aimed to improve cognitive and brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Chaddock-Heyman
- Beckman Institute, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Timothy B Weng
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Caitlin Kienzler
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Robert Weisshappel
- Beckman Institute, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Eric S Drollette
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States
| | - Lauren B Raine
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Daniel R Westfall
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shih-Chun Kao
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pauline Baniqued
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States.,Brain and Creativity Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Darla M Castelli
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Charles H Hillman
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Physical Therapy, Movement, and Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Arthur F Kramer
- Beckman Institute, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.,Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
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20
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Lee H, Seo SA, Lee BI, Kim SE, Park KM. Thalamic nuclei volumes and network in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Acta Neurol Scand 2020; 141:271-278. [PMID: 31745976 DOI: 10.1111/ane.13198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the alterations of thalamic nuclei volumes and intrinsic thalamic networks in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) compared to healthy controls. METHODS We enrolled 50 patients with JME and 42 healthy controls. We obtained structural volumes of the individual thalamic nuclei based on T1-weighted imaging and performed intrinsic thalamic network analysis using graph theoretical analysis. We analyzed the differences of thalamic nuclei volumes and intrinsic thalamic networks between the patients with JME and healthy controls. RESULTS In the patients with JME, there were significant alterations of thalamic nuclei volumes compared to healthy controls. Right laterodorsal and left suprageniculate nuclei volumes were significantly increased (0.0019% vs 0.0014%, P < .0001; 0.0011% vs 0.0008%, P = .0006, respectively), whereas left ventral posterolateral, left ventromedial, and left pulvinar inferior nuclei volumes (0.0572% vs 0.0664%, P = .0001; 0.0013% vs 0.0015%, P = .0002; 0.0120% vs 0.0140%, P < .0001, respectively) were decreased in the patients with JME. Furthermore, the intrinsic thalamic network of the patients with JME was significantly different from that of the healthy controls. The modularity in the patients with JME was significantly increased over that in healthy controls (0.0785 vs 0.0212, P = .039). CONCLUSION We found that there were significant alterations of thalamic nuclei volumes and intrinsic thalamic networks in patients with JME compared to healthy controls. These findings might contribute to the underlying pathogenesis of in JME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho‐Joon Lee
- Department of Radiology Haeundae Paik Hospital Inje University College of Medicine Busan Korea
| | - Sol A. Seo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Inje University Gimhae Korea
| | - Byung In Lee
- Department of Neurology Haeundae Paik Hospital Inje University College of Medicine Busan Korea
| | - Sung Eun Kim
- Department of Neurology Haeundae Paik Hospital Inje University College of Medicine Busan Korea
| | - Kang Min Park
- Department of Neurology Haeundae Paik Hospital Inje University College of Medicine Busan Korea
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21
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Choi E, Shin SH, Ryu JK, Jung KI, Kim SY, Park MH. Commercial video games and cognitive functions: video game genres and modulating factors of cognitive enhancement. Behav Brain Funct 2020; 16:2. [PMID: 32014027 PMCID: PMC6996164 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-020-0165-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Unlike the emphasis on negative results of video games such as the impulsive engagement in video games, cognitive training studies in individuals with cognitive deficits showed that characteristics of video game elements were helpful to train cognitive functions. Thus, this study aimed to have a more balanced view toward the video game playing by reviewing genres of commercial video games and the association of video games with cognitive functions and modulating factors. Literatures were searched with search terms (e.g. genres of video games, cognitive training) on database and Google scholar. Results video games, of which purpose is players’ entertainment, were found to be positively associated with cognitive functions (e.g. attention, problem solving skills) despite some discrepancy between studies. However, the enhancement of cognitive functions through video gaming was limited to the task or performance requiring the same cognitive functions. Moreover, as several factors (e.g. age, gender) were identified to modulate cognitive enhancement, the individual difference in the association between video game playing and cognitive function was found. Conclusion Commercial video games are suggested to have the potential for cognitive function enhancement. As understanding the association between video gaming and cognitive function in a more balanced view is essential to evaluate the potential outcomes of commercial video games that more people reported to engage, this review contributes to provide more objective evidence for commercial video gaming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhye Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 1021 Tongil-ro, Eunpyeong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Ho Shin
- Dr. Shin's Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeh-Kwang Ryu
- Institute for Cognitive Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-In Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 1021 Tongil-ro, Eunpyeong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Young Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 1021 Tongil-ro, Eunpyeong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Hyeon Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 1021 Tongil-ro, Eunpyeong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Muller AM, Meyerhoff DJ. Does an Over-Connected Visual Cortex Undermine Efforts to Stay Sober After Treatment for Alcohol Use Disorder? Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:536706. [PMID: 33362591 PMCID: PMC7758478 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.536706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A fine-tuned interplay of highly synchronized activity within and between the brain's communities is a crucial feature of the brain's functional organization. We wanted to investigate in individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) the degree to which the interplay of the brain's community-architecture and the extended brain reward system (eBRS) is affected by drinking status (relapse or abstinence). We used Graph Theory Analysis of resting-state fMRI data from treatment seekers at 1 month of abstinence to model the brain's intrinsic community configuration and their follow-up data as abstainers or relapsers 3 months later to quantify the degree of global across-community interaction between the eBRS and the intrinsic communities at both timepoints. After 1 month of abstinence, the ventromedial PFC in particular showed a significantly higher global across-community interaction in the 22 future relapsers when compared to 30 light/non-drinking controls. These differences were no longer present 3 months later when the relapsers had resumed drinking. We found no significant differences between abstainers and controls at either timepoint. Post hoc tests revealed that one eBRS region, the ventromedial PFC, showed a significant global across-community interaction with a community comprising the visual cortex in relapsers at baseline. In contrast, abstainers showed a significant negative association of the ventromedial PFC with the visual cortex. The increased across-community interaction of the ventromedial PFC and the visual cortex in relapsers at timepoint 1 may be an early indicator for treatment failure in a subgroup of AUD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Muller
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Dieter J Meyerhoff
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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