1
|
Pedroza-García KA, Calderón-Vallejo D, Quintanar JL. Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: Perspectives of Neuroprotective and Neuroregenerative Treatments. Neuropediatrics 2022; 53:402-417. [PMID: 36030792 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1755235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a serious condition that could have deleterious neurological outcomes, such as cerebral palsy, neuromotor disability, developmental disability, epilepsy, and sensitive or cognitive problems, and increase the risk of death in severe cases. Once HIE occurs, molecular cascades are triggered favoring the oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, and inflammation damage that promote cell death via apoptosis or necrosis. Currently, the therapeutic hypothermia is the standard of care in HIE; however, it has a small window of action and only can be used in children of more than 36 gestational weeks; for this reason, it is very important to develop new therapies to prevent the progression of the hypoxic-ischemic injury or to develop neuroregenerative therapies in severe HIE cases. The objective of this revision is to describe the emerging treatments for HIE, either preventing cell death for oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, or exacerbated inflammation, as well as describing a new therapeutic approach for neuroregeneration, such as mesenchymal stem cells, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and gonadotropin realizing hormone agonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karina A Pedroza-García
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| | - Denisse Calderón-Vallejo
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México.,Departamento de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| | - J Luis Quintanar
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ou Y, Zhou M, Che M, Gong H, Wu G, Peng J, Li K, Yang R, Wang X, Zhang X, Liu Y, Feng Z, Qi S. Adult neurogenesis of the median eminence contributes to structural reconstruction and recovery of body fluid metabolism in hypothalamic self-repair after pituitary stalk lesion. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:458. [PMID: 35907165 PMCID: PMC11073094 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04457-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Body fluid homeostasis is critical to survival. The integrity of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system (HNS) is an important basis of the precise regulation of body fluid metabolism and arginine vasopressin (AVP) hormone release. Clinically, some patients with central diabetes insipidus (CDI) due to HNS lesions can experience recovery compensation of body fluid metabolism. However, whether the hypothalamus has the potential for structural plasticity and self-repair under pathological conditions remains unclear. Here, we report the repair and reconstruction of a new neurohypophysis-like structure in the hypothalamic median eminence (ME) after pituitary stalk electrical lesion (PEL). We show that activated and proliferating adult neural progenitor cells differentiate into new mature neurons, which then integrate with remodeled AVP fibers to reconstruct the local AVP hormone release neural circuit in the ME after PEL. We found that the transcription factor of NK2 homeobox 1 (NKX2.1) and the sonic hedgehog signaling pathway, mediated by NKX2.1, are the key regulators of adult hypothalamic neurogenesis. Taken together, our study provides evidence that adult ME neurogenesis is involved in the structural reconstruction of the AVP release circuit and eventually restores body fluid metabolic homeostasis during hypothalamic self-repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Ou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Laboratory of Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingfeng Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Laboratory of Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengjie Che
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Laboratory of Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Haodong Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangsen Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Junjie Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Laboratory of Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Runwei Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingqin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Laboratory of Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Laboratory of Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yawei Liu
- Laboratory of Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhanpeng Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
- Laboratory of Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Songtao Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
- Laboratory of Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Schimith LE, Dos Santos MG, Arbo BD, André-Miral C, Muccillo-Baisch AL, Hort MA. Polydatin as a therapeutic alternative for central nervous system disorders: A systematic review of animal studies. Phytother Res 2022; 36:2852-2877. [PMID: 35614539 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Polydatin, or piceid, is a natural stilbene found in grapes, peanuts, and wines. Polydatin presents pharmacological activities, including neuroprotective properties, exerting preventive and/or therapeutic effects in central nervous system (CNS) disorders. In the present study, we summarize and discuss the neuroprotective effects of polydatin in CNS disorders and related pathological conditions in preclinical animal studies. A systematic review was performed by searching online databases, returning a total of 110 records, where 27 articles were selected and discussed here. The included studies showed neuroprotective effects of polydatin in experimental models of neurological disorders, including cerebrovascular disorders, Parkinson's disease, traumatic brain injuries, diabetic neuropathy, glioblastoma, and neurotoxicity induced by chemical agents. Most studies were focused on stroke (22.2%) and conducted in male rodents. The intervention protocol with polydatin was mainly acute (66.7%), with postdamage induction treatment being the most commonly used regimen (55.2%). Overall, polydatin ameliorated behavioral dysfunctions and/or promoted neurological function by virtue of its antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties. In summary, this review offers important scientific evidence for the neuroprotective effects and distinct pharmacological mechanisms of polydatin that not only enhances the present understanding but is also useful for the development of future preclinical and clinical investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia E Schimith
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Michele G Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Bruno D Arbo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Corinne André-Miral
- Unité en Sciences Biologiques et Biotechnologies (US2B), Nantes Université, CNRS, Nantes, France
| | - Ana L Muccillo-Baisch
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mariana A Hort
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Synergistic Effect in Neurological Recovery via Anti-Apoptotic Akt Signaling in Umbilical Cord Blood and Erythropoietin Combination Therapy for Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111995. [PMID: 34769434 PMCID: PMC8584683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous clinical studies demonstrated the synergistic therapeutic effect induced by co-administering recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) in human umbilical cord blood (hUCB) therapy for children with cerebral palsy. However, the cellular mechanism beyond the beneficial effects in this combination therapy still needs to be elucidated. A hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) model of neonates, representing cerebral palsy, was prepared and randomly divided into five groups (hUCB+rhEPO combination, hUCB, and rhEPO treatments over HIE, HIE control, and sham). Seven days after, hUCB was administered intraperitoneally and the rhEPO injections were started. Neurobehavioral tests showed the best outcome in the combination therapy group, while the hUCB and rhEPO alone treatments also showed better outcomes compared with the control (p < 0.05). Inflammatory cytokines were downregulated by the treatments and attenuated most by the combination therapy (p < 0.05). The hUCB+rhEPO treatment also showed remarkable increase in phosphorylation of Akt and potentiation of anti-apoptotic responses with decreased Bax and increased Bcl-2 (p < 0.05). Pre-treatment of MK-2206, an Akt inhibitor, for the combination therapy depressed the anti-apoptotic effects. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the therapeutic effect of hUCB therapy might be potentiated by co-administration of rhEPO via augmentation of anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic responses related to the phosphorylation of Akt.
Collapse
|
5
|
Berlet R, Anthony S, Brooks B, Wang ZJ, Sadanandan N, Shear A, Cozene B, Gonzales-Portillo B, Parsons B, Salazar FE, Lezama Toledo AR, Monroy GR, Gonzales-Portillo JV, Borlongan CV. Combination of Stem Cells and Rehabilitation Therapies for Ischemic Stroke. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1316. [PMID: 34572529 PMCID: PMC8468342 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation with rehabilitation therapy presents an effective stroke treatment. Here, we discuss current breakthroughs in stem cell research along with rehabilitation strategies that may have a synergistic outcome when combined together after stroke. Indeed, stem cell transplantation offers a promising new approach and may add to current rehabilitation therapies. By reviewing the pathophysiology of stroke and the mechanisms by which stem cells and rehabilitation attenuate this inflammatory process, we hypothesize that a combined therapy will provide better functional outcomes for patients. Using current preclinical data, we explore the prominent types of stem cells, the existing theories for stem cell repair, rehabilitation treatments inside the brain, rehabilitation modalities outside the brain, and evidence pertaining to the benefits of combined therapy. In this review article, we assess the advantages and disadvantages of using stem cell transplantation with rehabilitation to mitigate the devastating effects of stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reed Berlet
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Rd, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA;
| | - Stefan Anthony
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, 5000 Lakewood Ranch Boulevard, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA;
| | - Beverly Brooks
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (B.B.); (Z.-J.W.)
| | - Zhen-Jie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (B.B.); (Z.-J.W.)
| | | | - Alex Shear
- University of Florida, 205 Fletcher Drive, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Blaise Cozene
- Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Ave, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA;
| | | | - Blake Parsons
- Washington and Lee University, 204 W Washington St, Lexington, VA 24450, USA;
| | - Felipe Esparza Salazar
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (F.E.S.); (A.R.L.T.); (G.R.M.)
| | - Alma R. Lezama Toledo
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (F.E.S.); (A.R.L.T.); (G.R.M.)
| | - Germán Rivera Monroy
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (F.E.S.); (A.R.L.T.); (G.R.M.)
| | | | - Cesario V. Borlongan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (B.B.); (Z.-J.W.)
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
da Costa CC, Martins LAM, Koth AP, Ramos JMO, Guma FTCR, de Oliveira CM, Pedra NS, Fischer G, Helena ES, Gioda CR, Sanches PRS, Junior ASV, Soares MSP, Spanevello RM, Gamaro GD, de Souza ICC. Static Magnetic Stimulation Induces Changes in the Oxidative Status and Cell Viability Parameters in a Primary Culture Model of Astrocytes. Cell Biochem Biophys 2021; 79:873-885. [PMID: 34176101 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-021-01015-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes play an important role in the central nervous system function and may contribute to brain plasticity response during static magnetic fields (SMF) brain therapy. However, most studies evaluate SMF stimulation in brain plasticity while few studies evaluate the consequences of SMF at the cellular level. Thus, we here evaluate the effects of SMF at 305 mT (medium-intensity) in a primary culture of healthy/normal cortical astrocytes obtained from neonatal (1 to 2-day-old) Wistar rats. After reaching confluence, cells were daily subjected to SMF stimulation for 5 min, 15 min, 30 min, and 40 min during 7 consecutive days. Oxidative stress parameters, cell cycle, cell viability, and mitochondrial function were analyzed. The antioxidant capacity was reduced in groups stimulated for 5 and 40 min. Although no difference was observed in the enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase or the total thiol content, lipid peroxidation was increased in all stimulated groups. The cell cycle was changed after 40 min of SMF stimulation while 15, 30, and 40 min led cells to death by necrosis. Mitochondrial function was reduced after SMF stimulation, although imaging analysis did not reveal substantial changes in the mitochondrial network. Results mainly revealed that SMF compromised healthy astrocytes' oxidative status and viability. This finding reveals how important is to understand the SMF stimulation at the cellular level since this therapeutic approach has been largely used against neurological and psychiatric diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Crespo da Costa
- NeuroCell Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Pelotas Campus Universitário, S/N, Capão do Leão-RS, 96160-000, Brasil
| | - Léo Anderson Meira Martins
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, Bairro Centro Histórico, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170, Brasil
| | - André Peres Koth
- NeuroCell Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Pelotas Campus Universitário, S/N, Capão do Leão-RS, 96160-000, Brasil
| | - Jéssica Marques Obelar Ramos
- NeuroCell Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Pelotas Campus Universitário, S/N, Capão do Leão-RS, 96160-000, Brasil
| | - Fátima Theresinha Costa Rodrigues Guma
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Bairro Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-000, Brasil
| | - Cleverson Moraes de Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Bairro Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-000, Brasil
| | - Nathália Stark Pedra
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Inflammation and Cancer, Universidade Federal de Pelotas Campus Universitário, S/N, Capão do Leão-RS, 96160-000, Brasil
| | - Geferson Fischer
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas Campus Universitário, S/N, Capão do Leão-RS, 96160-000, Brasil
| | - Eduarda Santa Helena
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande Avenida Itália, Km 8, Bairro Carreiros, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, 96203-900, Brasil
| | - Carolina Rosa Gioda
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande Avenida Itália, Km 8, Bairro Carreiros, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, 96203-900, Brasil
| | - Paulo Roberto Stefani Sanches
- Laboratory of the Research and Development Service in Biomedical Engineering- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350- Bairro Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre-RS, 90035-903, Brasil
| | - Antonio Sergio Varela Junior
- Institute of Biological Science, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande Avenida Itália, Km 8, Bairro Carreiros, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, 96203-900, Brasil
| | - Mayara Sandrielly Pereira Soares
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Inflammation and Cancer, Universidade Federal de Pelotas Campus Universitário, S/N, Capão do Leão-RS, 96160-000, Brasil
| | - Rosélia Maria Spanevello
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Inflammation and Cancer, Post-Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospection, Universidade Federal de Pelotas Campus Universitário, S/N, Capão do Leão-RS, 96160-000, Brasil
| | - Giovana Duzzo Gamaro
- NeuroCell Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Pelotas Campus Universitário, S/N, Capão do Leão-RS, 96160-000, Brasil
| | - Izabel Cristina Custódio de Souza
- Coordinator of NeuroCell Laboratory, Laboratory of Histology, Department of Morphology, Post-Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospection, Universidade Federal de Pelotas Avenida Duque de Caxias, 250, 96030-000, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kim K, Wi S, Seo JH, Pyo S, Cho SR. Reduced Interaction of Aggregated α-Synuclein and VAMP2 by Environmental Enrichment Alleviates Hyperactivity and Anxiety in a Model of Parkinson's Disease. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12030392. [PMID: 33801790 PMCID: PMC7998569 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a prevalent motor disease caused by the accumulation of mutated α-synuclein (α-Syn); however, its early stages are also characterized by non-motor symptoms, such as olfactory loss, cognitive decline, depression, and anxiety. The therapeutic effects of environmental enrichment (EE) on motor recovery have been reported, but its effects on non-motor symptoms remain unclear. Herein, we reveal the beneficial effects of EE on PD-related non-motor symptoms and changes in synaptic plasticity in the nucleus accumbens. To investigate its therapeutic effects in the early phase of PD, we randomly assigned eight-month-old mice overexpressing human A53T (hA53T) α-Syn to either the EE or standard condition groups for two months. Next, we performed behavioral tests and biochemical and histological analyses at 10 months of age. EE significantly alleviated locomotor hyperactivity and anxiety during the early stages of PD. It normalized the levels of tyrosine hydroxylase, phosphorylated and oligomeric α-Syn, and soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor complex-forming proteins, including synaptosomal-associated protein, 25 kDa, syntaxin1, and vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP2). Moreover, the interactions between VAMP2 and pSer129 α-Syn were markedly reduced following EE. The restoration of synaptic vesicle transportation status may underlie the neuroprotective effects of EE in hA53T α-Syn mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyungri Kim
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (K.K.); (J.H.S.); (S.P.)
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Soohyun Wi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Jung Hwa Seo
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (K.K.); (J.H.S.); (S.P.)
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Soonil Pyo
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (K.K.); (J.H.S.); (S.P.)
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Sung-Rae Cho
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (K.K.); (J.H.S.); (S.P.)
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Rehabilitation Institute of Neuromuscular Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Graduate Program of Nano Science and Technology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2228-3715
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
He Y, Chen S, Tsoi B, Qi S, Gu B, Wang Z, Peng C, Shen J. Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. and Its Active Compound P-Coumaric Acid Promote Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Signaling for Inducing Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Improving Post-cerebral Ischemic Spatial Cognitive Functions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:577790. [PMID: 33537297 PMCID: PMC7849625 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.577790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. (AOM) is a medicinal herb for improving cognitive functions in traditional Chinese medicine for poststroke treatment, but its efficacies and underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that AOM could induce adult hippocampal neurogenesis and improve poststroke cognitive impairment via inducing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling pathway. In order to test the hypothesis, we performed both in vivo rat experiments using transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model and in vitro neural stem cell (NSC) experiments using oxygen–glucose deprivation plus reoxygenation. First, AOM treatment significantly up-regulated the expression of BDNF, tropomycin receptor kinase B (TrkB), and phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT) in the hippocampus, enhanced adult hippocampal neurogenesis, and improved the spatial learning/memory and cognitive functions in the post-MCAO ischemic rats in vivo. Next, in vitro studies confirmed p-coumaric acid (P-CA) to be the most effective compound identified from AOM extract with the properties of activating BDNF/TrkB/AKT signaling pathway and promoting NSC proliferation. Cotreatment of BDNF/TrkB-specific inhibitor ANA12 abolished the effects of P-CA on inducing BDNF/TrkB/AKT activation and the NSC proliferation. Finally, animal experiments showed that P-CA treatment enhanced the neuronal proliferation and differentiation in the hippocampus, improved spatial learning and memory functions, and reduced anxiety in the transient MCAO ischemic rats. In conclusion, P-CA is a representative compound from AOM for its bioactivities of activating BDNF/TrkB/AKT signaling pathway, promoting hippocampal neurogenesis, improving cognitive functions, and reducing anxiety in post–ischemic stroke rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yacong He
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bun Tsoi
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuhua Qi
- Medical Technology School, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Bing Gu
- Medical Technology School, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicines of Ministry of Education, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiangang Shen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Medical Technology School, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jurkowski MP, Bettio L, K Woo E, Patten A, Yau SY, Gil-Mohapel J. Beyond the Hippocampus and the SVZ: Adult Neurogenesis Throughout the Brain. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:576444. [PMID: 33132848 PMCID: PMC7550688 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.576444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Convincing evidence has repeatedly shown that new neurons are produced in the mammalian brain into adulthood. Adult neurogenesis has been best described in the hippocampus and the subventricular zone (SVZ), in which a series of distinct stages of neuronal development has been well characterized. However, more recently, new neurons have also been found in other brain regions of the adult mammalian brain, including the hypothalamus, striatum, substantia nigra, cortex, and amygdala. While some studies have suggested that these new neurons originate from endogenous stem cell pools located within these brain regions, others have shown the migration of neurons from the SVZ to these regions. Notably, it has been shown that the generation of new neurons in these brain regions is impacted by neurologic processes such as stroke/ischemia and neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, numerous factors such as neurotrophic support, pharmacologic interventions, environmental exposures, and stem cell therapy can modulate this endogenous process. While the presence and significance of adult neurogenesis in the human brain (and particularly outside of the classical neurogenic regions) is still an area of debate, this intrinsic neurogenic potential and its possible regulation through therapeutic measures present an exciting alternative for the treatment of several neurologic conditions. This review summarizes evidence in support of the classic and novel neurogenic zones present within the mammalian brain and discusses the functional significance of these new neurons as well as the factors that regulate their production. Finally, it also discusses the potential clinical applications of promoting neurogenesis outside of the classical neurogenic niches, particularly in the hypothalamus, cortex, striatum, substantia nigra, and amygdala.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michal P Jurkowski
- Island Medical Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Luis Bettio
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Emma K Woo
- Island Medical Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anna Patten
- Centre for Interprofessional Clinical Simulation Learning (CICSL), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Suk-Yu Yau
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Joana Gil-Mohapel
- Island Medical Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shin JE, Lee H, Jung K, Kim M, Hwang K, Han J, Lim J, Kim IS, Lim KI, Park KI. Cellular Response of Ventricular-Subventricular Neural Progenitor/Stem Cells to Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury and Their Enhanced Neurogenesis. Yonsei Med J 2020; 61:492-505. [PMID: 32469173 PMCID: PMC7256006 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2020.61.6.492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To elucidate the brain's intrinsic response to injury, we tracked the response of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) located in ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) to hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HI). We also evaluated whether transduction of V-SVZ NSPCs with neurogenic factor NeuroD1 could enhance their neurogenesis in HI. MATERIALS AND METHODS Unilateral HI was induced in ICR neonatal mice. To label proliferative V-SVZ NSPCs in response to HI, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and retroviral particles encoding LacZ or NeuroD1/GFP were injected. The cellular responses of NSPCs were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Unilateral HI increased the number of BrdU+ newly-born cells in the V-SVZ ipsilateral to the lesion while injury reduced the number of newly-born cells reaching the ipsilateral olfactory bulb, which is the programmed destination of migratory V-SVZ NSPCs in the intact brain. These newly-born cells were directed from this pathway towards the lesions. HI significantly increased the number of newly-born cells in the cortex and striatum by the altered migration of V-SVZ cells. Many of these newly-born cells differentiated into active neurons and glia. LacZ-expressing V-SVZ NSPCs also showed extensive migration towards the non-neurogenic regions ipsilateral to the lesion, and expressed the neuronal marker NeuN. NeuroD1+/GFP+ V-SVZ NSPCs almost differentiated into neurons in the peri-infarct regions. CONCLUSION HI promotes the establishment of a substantial number of new neurons in non-neurogenic regions, suggesting intrinsic repair mechanisms of the brain, by controlling the behavior of endogenous NSPCs. The activation of NeuroD1 expression may improve the therapeutic potential of endogenous NSPCs by increasing their neuronal differentiation in HI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Eun Shin
- Division of Neonatology, Severance Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Haejin Lee
- Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwangsoo Jung
- Division of Neonatology, Severance Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Miri Kim
- Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyujin Hwang
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jungho Han
- Division of Neonatology, Severance Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joohee Lim
- Division of Neonatology, Severance Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Il Sun Kim
- Division of Neonatology, Severance Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Il Lim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kook In Park
- Division of Neonatology, Severance Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jurisch-Yaksi N, Yaksi E, Kizil C. Radial glia in the zebrafish brain: Functional, structural, and physiological comparison with the mammalian glia. Glia 2020; 68:2451-2470. [PMID: 32476207 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The neuroscience community has witnessed a tremendous expansion of glia research. Glial cells are now on center stage with leading roles in the development, maturation, and physiology of brain circuits. Over the course of evolution, glia have highly diversified and include the radial glia, astroglia or astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, and ependymal cells, each having dedicated functions in the brain. The zebrafish, a small teleost fish, is no exception to this and recent evidences point to evolutionarily conserved roles for glia in the development and physiology of its nervous system. Due to its small size, transparency, and genetic amenability, the zebrafish has become an increasingly prominent animal model for brain research. It has enabled the study of neural circuits from individual cells to entire brains, with a precision unmatched in other vertebrate models. Moreover, its high neurogenic and regenerative potential has attracted a lot of attention from the research community focusing on neural stem cells and neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, studies using zebrafish have the potential to provide fundamental insights about brain development and function, and also elucidate neural and molecular mechanisms of neurological diseases. We will discuss here recent discoveries on the diverse roles of radial glia and astroglia in neurogenesis, in modulating neuronal activity and in regulating brain homeostasis at the brain barriers. By comparing insights made in various animal models, particularly mammals and zebrafish, our goal is to highlight the similarities and differences in glia biology among species, which could set new paradigms relevant to humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Jurisch-Yaksi
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Emre Yaksi
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Caghan Kizil
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Helmholtz Association, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cho KH, Choi JI, Kim JO, Jung JE, Kim DW, Kim M. Therapeutic mechanism of cord blood mononuclear cells via the IL-8-mediated angiogenic pathway in neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4446. [PMID: 32157146 PMCID: PMC7064601 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61441-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In a clinical trial of cerebral palsy, the level of plasma interleukin-8 (IL-8) was increased, correlated with motor improvement, after human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cell (hUCBC) infusion. This study aimed to elucidate the role of IL-8 in the therapeutic effects of hUCBCs in a mouse model of hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury (HI). In P7 HI mouse brains, hUCBC administration at day 7 after HI upregulated the gene expression of Cxcl2, the mouse IL-8 homologue and increased the expression of its receptor, CXCR2. hUCBC administration restored the sequential downstream signalling axis of p-p38/p-MAPKAPK2, NFκB, and angiogenic factors, which were downregulated by HI. An in vitro assay revealed the downregulation of the angiogenic pathway by CXCR2 knockdown and p38 inhibition. In vivo p38 inhibition prior to hUCBC administration in HI mouse brains produced identical results. Behavioural outcomes revealed a therapeutic effect (ps < 0.01) of hUCBC or IL-8 administration, which was correlated with decreases in infarct size and angiogenic findings in the striatum. In conclusion, the response of the host to hUCBC administration in mice upregulated Cxcl2, which led to the activation of the IL-8-mediated p-p38 signalling pathway. The upregulation of the downstream pathway and angiogenic growth factors via NFκB can be inferred to be the potential therapeutic mechanism of hUCBCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kye Hee Cho
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, CHA Gumi Medical Center, CHA University College of Medicine, Gumi, Gyeongsangbukdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee In Choi
- Rehabilitation and Regeneration Research Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ock Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Eun Jung
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dong-Wook Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - MinYoung Kim
- Rehabilitation and Regeneration Research Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tang KS, Tan JS. The protective mechanisms of polydatin in cerebral ischemia. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 842:133-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
14
|
Seo JH, Pyo S, Shin YK, Nam BG, Kang JW, Kim KP, Lee HY, Cho SR. The Effect of Environmental Enrichment on Glutathione-Mediated Xenobiotic Metabolism and Antioxidation in Normal Adult Mice. Front Neurol 2018; 9:425. [PMID: 30022966 PMCID: PMC6039562 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory bulb (OB) plays an important role in protecting against harmful substances via the secretion of antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes. Environmental enrichment (EE) is a common rehabilitation method and known to have beneficial effects in the central nervous system. However, the effects of EE in the OB still remain unclear. At 6 weeks of age, CD-1® (ICR) mice were assigned to standard cages or EE cages. After 2 months, we performed proteomic analysis. Forty-four up-regulated proteins were identified in EE mice compared to the control mice. Gene Ontology analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Pathway demonstrated that the upregulated proteins were mainly involved in metabolic pathways against xenobiotics. Among those upregulated proteins, 9 proteins, which participate in phase I or II of the xenobiotic metabolizing process and are known to be responsible for ROS detoxification, were validated by qRT-PCR. To explore the effect of ROS detoxification mediated by EE, glutathione activity was measured by an ELISA assay. The ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione was significantly increased in EE mice. Based on a linear regression analysis, GSTM2 and UGT2A1 were found to be the most influential genes in ROS detoxification. For further analysis of neuroprotection, the level of iNOS and the ratio of Bax to Bcl-2 were significantly decreased in EE mice. While TUNEL+ cells were significantly decreased, Ki67+ cells were significantly increased in EE mice, implicating that EE creates an optimal state for xenobiotic metabolism and antioxidant activity. Taken together, our results suggested that EE protects olfactory layers via the upregulation of glutathione-related antioxidant and xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, eventually lowering ROS-mediated inflammation and apoptosis and increasing neurogenesis. This study may provide an opportunity for a better understanding of the beneficial effects of EE in the OB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hwa Seo
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soonil Pyo
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyum Shin
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bae-Geun Nam
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Graduate Program of NanoScience and Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong Won Kang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea.,Precision Medicine Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Kwang Pyo Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Hoo Young Lee
- Department of Medicine, The Graduate School of Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,TBI Rehabilitation Center, National Traffic Injury Rehabilitation Hospital, Yangpyeong, South Korea.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Rae Cho
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Graduate Program of NanoScience and Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Medicine, The Graduate School of Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Yonsei Stem Cell Research Center, Avison Biomedical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea.,Rehabilitation Institute of Neuromuscular Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Neural stem cell therapies and hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 173:1-17. [PMID: 29758244 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the adult as well as in the neonate. Extensive pre-clinical studies have shown promising therapeutic effects of neural stem cell-based treatments for hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. There are two major strategies of neural stem cell-based therapies: transplanting exogenous neural stem cells and boosting self-repair of endogenous neural stem cells. Neural stem cell transplantation has been proved to improve functional recovery after brain injury through multiple by-stander mechanisms (e.g., neuroprotection, immunomodulation), rather than simple cell-replacement. Endogenous neural stem cells reside in certain neurogenic niches of the brain and response to brain injury. Many molecules (e.g., neurotrophic factors) can stimulate or enhance proliferation and differentiation of endogenous neural stem cells after injury. In this review, we first present an overview of neural stem cells during normal brain development and the effect of hypoxic-ischemic injury on the activation and function of endogenous neural stem cells in the brain. We then summarize and discuss the current knowledge of strategies and mechanisms for neural stem cell-based therapies on brain hypoxic-ischemic injury, including neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury and adult ischemic stroke.
Collapse
|
16
|
Kim M, Yu JH, Seo JH, Shin YK, Wi S, Baek A, Song SY, Cho SR. Neurobehavioral Assessments in a Mouse Model of Neonatal Hypoxic-ischemic Brain Injury. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 29286442 DOI: 10.3791/55838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed unilateral carotid artery occlusion on CD-1 mice to create a neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) model and investigated the effects of neonatal HI brain injury by studying neurobehavioral functions in these mice compared to non-operated (i.e., normal) mice. During the study, Rice-Vannucci's method was used to induce neonatal HI brain damage in postnatal day 7-10 (P7-10) mice. The HI operation was performed on the pups by unilateral carotid artery ligation and exposure to hypoxia (8% O2 and 92% N2 for 90 min). One week after the operation, the damaged brains were evaluated with the naked eye through the semi-transparent skull and were categorized into subgroups based on the absence ("no cortical injury" group) or presence ("cortical injury" group) of cortical injury, such as a lesion in the right hemisphere. On week 6, the following neurobehavioral tests were performed to evaluate the cognitive and motor functions: passive avoidance task (PAT), ladder walking test, and grip strength test. These behavioral tests are helpful in determining the effects of neonatal HI brain injury and are used in other mouse models of neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, neonatal HI brain injury mice showed motor deficits that corresponded to right hemisphere damage. The behavioral test results are relevant to the deficits observed in human neonatal HI patients, such as cerebral palsy or neonatal stroke patients. In this study, a mouse model of neonatal HI brain injury was established and showed different degrees of motor deficits and cognitive impairment compared to non-operated mice. This work provides basic information on the HI mouse model. MRI images demonstrate the different phenotypes, separated according to the severity of brain damage by motor and cognitive tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- MinGi Kim
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University
| | - Ji Hea Yu
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine
| | - Jung Hwa Seo
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University
| | - Yoon-Kyum Shin
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University
| | - Soohyun Wi
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University
| | - Ahreum Baek
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine
| | - Suk-Young Song
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine; Graduate Program of NanoScience and Technology, Yonsei University
| | - Sung-Rae Cho
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University; Rehabilitation Institute of Neuromuscular Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine; Graduate Program of NanoScience and Technology, Yonsei University;
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Long-term effects of enriched environment following neonatal hypoxia-ischemia on behavior, BDNF and synaptophysin levels in rat hippocampus: Effect of combined treatment with G-CSF. Brain Res 2017; 1667:55-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
18
|
Millar LJ, Shi L, Hoerder-Suabedissen A, Molnár Z. Neonatal Hypoxia Ischaemia: Mechanisms, Models, and Therapeutic Challenges. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:78. [PMID: 28533743 PMCID: PMC5420571 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxia-ischaemia (HI) is the most common cause of death and disability in human neonates, and is often associated with persistent motor, sensory, and cognitive impairment. Improved intensive care technology has increased survival without preventing neurological disorder, increasing morbidity throughout the adult population. Early preventative or neuroprotective interventions have the potential to rescue brain development in neonates, yet only one therapeutic intervention is currently licensed for use in developed countries. Recent investigations of the transient cortical layer known as subplate, especially regarding subplate's secretory role, opens up a novel set of potential molecular modulators of neonatal HI injury. This review examines the biological mechanisms of human neonatal HI, discusses evidence for the relevance of subplate-secreted molecules to this condition, and evaluates available animal models. Neuroserpin, a neuronally released neuroprotective factor, is discussed as a case study for developing new potential pharmacological interventions for use post-ischaemic injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lancelot J. Millar
- Molnár Group, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of OxfordOxford, UK
| | - Lei Shi
- Molnár Group, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of OxfordOxford, UK
- JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | | | - Zoltán Molnár
- Molnár Group, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of OxfordOxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang F, Baba N, Shen Y, Yamashita T, Tsuru E, Tsuda M, Maeda N, Sagara Y. CCL11 promotes migration and proliferation of mouse neural progenitor cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:26. [PMID: 28173860 PMCID: PMC5297016 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0474-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia induces massive brain damage during the perinatal period, resulting in long-term consequences to central nervous system structural and functional maturation. Although neural progenitor cells (NPCs) migrate through the parenchyma and home in to injury sites in the rodent brain, the molecular mechanisms are unknown. We examined the role of chemokines in mediating NPC migration after neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. METHODS Nine-day-old mice were exposed to a 120-minute hypoxia following unilateral carotid occlusion. Chemokine levels were quantified in mouse brain extract. Migration and proliferation assays were performed using embryonic and infant mouse NPCs. RESULTS The neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury resulted in an ipsilateral lesion, which was extended to the cortical and striatal areas. NPCs migrated toward an injured area, where a marked increase of CC chemokines was detected. In vitro studies showed that incubation of NPCs with recombinant mouse CCL11 promoted migration and proliferation. These effects were partly inhibited by a CCR3 antagonist, SB297006. CONCLUSIONS Our data implicate an important effect of CCL11 for mouse NPCs. The effective activation of NPCs may offer a promising strategy for neuroregeneration in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Wang
- Center for Innovative and Translational Medicine, Kochi University Medical School, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan.
| | - Nobuyasu Baba
- Center for Innovative and Translational Medicine, Kochi University Medical School, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Yuan Shen
- Center for Innovative and Translational Medicine, Kochi University Medical School, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Yamashita
- Center for Innovative and Translational Medicine, Kochi University Medical School, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Emi Tsuru
- Center for Innovative and Translational Medicine, Kochi University Medical School, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan.,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, Science Research Center, Kochi University Medical School, Kochi, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tsuda
- Center for Innovative and Translational Medicine, Kochi University Medical School, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan.,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, Science Research Center, Kochi University Medical School, Kochi, Japan
| | - Nagamasa Maeda
- Center for Innovative and Translational Medicine, Kochi University Medical School, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kochi University Medical School, Kochi, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sagara
- Center for Innovative and Translational Medicine, Kochi University Medical School, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
In Vivo Expression of Reprogramming Factors Increases Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Synaptic Plasticity in Chronic Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:2580837. [PMID: 27900211 PMCID: PMC5120183 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2580837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity can be stimulated in vivo in the brain. In this study, we hypothesized that in vivo expression of reprogramming factors such as Klf4, Sox2, Oct4, and c-Myc would facilitate endogenous neurogenesis and functional recovery. CD-1® mice were induced at 1 week of age by unilaterally carotid artery ligation and exposure to hypoxia. At 6 weeks of age, mice were injected GFP only or both four reprogramming factors and GFP into lateral ventricle. Passive avoidance task and open field test were performed to evaluate neurobehavioral function. Neurogenesis and synaptic activity in the hippocampus were evaluated using immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR, and/or western blot analyses. Whereas BrdU+GFAP+ cells in the subgranular zone of the hippocampus were not significantly different, the numbers of BrdU+βIII-tubulin+ and BrdU+NeuN+ cells were significantly higher in treatment group than control group. Expressions of synaptophysin and PSD-95 were also higher in treatment group than control group. Importantly, passive avoidance task and open field test showed improvement in long-term memory and decreased anxiety in treatment group. In conclusion, in vivo expression of reprogramming factors improved behavioral functions in chronic hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. The mechanisms underlying these repair processes included endogenous neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus.
Collapse
|
21
|
Astroglial Activation by an Enriched Environment after Transplantation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhances Angiogenesis after Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091550. [PMID: 27649153 PMCID: PMC5037823 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has paracrine effects; however, the effects are known to be largely limited. Here we investigated the combination effects of cell transplantation and enriched environment (EE) in a model of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Brain damage was induced in seven-day-old mice by unilateral carotid artery ligation and exposure to hypoxia (8% O2 for 90 min). At six weeks of age, the mice were randomly assigned to four groups: phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-control (CON), PBS-EE, MSC-CON, and MSC-EE. Rotarod and grip strength tests were performed to evaluate neurobehavioral functions. Histologic evaluations were also performed to confirm the extent of astrocyte activation and endogenous angiogenesis. An array-based multiplex ELISA and Western blot were used to identify growth factors in vivo and in vitro. Two weeks after treatment, levels of astrocyte density and angiogenic factors were increased in MSC-EE mice, but glial scarring was not increased. Eight weeks after treatment, angiogenesis was increased, and behavioral outcomes were synergistically improved in the MSC-EE group. Astrocytes co-cultured with MSCs expressed higher levels of angiogenic factors than astrocytes cultured alone. The mechanisms of this synergistic effect included enhanced repair processes, such as increased endogenous angiogenesis and upregulation of angiogenic factors released from activated astrocytes.
Collapse
|
22
|
In Situ Pluripotency Factor Expression Promotes Functional Recovery From Cerebral Ischemia. Mol Ther 2016; 24:1538-49. [PMID: 27455881 PMCID: PMC5113101 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2016.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recovery from ischemic tissue injury can be promoted by cell proliferation and neovascularization. Transient expression of four pluripotency factors (Pou5f1, Sox2, Myc, and Klf4) has been used to convert cell types but never been tested as a means to promote functional recovery from ischemic injury. Here we aimed to determine whether transient in situ pluripotency factor expression can improve neurobehavioral function. Cerebral ischemia was induced by transient bilateral common carotid artery occlusion, after which the four pluripotency factors were expressed through either doxycycline administration into the lateral ventricle in transgenic mice in which the four factors are expressed in a doxycycline-inducible manner. Histologic evaluation showed that this transient expression induced the proliferative generation of astrocytes and/or neural progenitors, but not neurons or glial scar, and increased neovascularization with upregulation of angiogenic factors. Furthermore, in vivo pluripotency factor expression caused neuroprotective effects such as increased numbers of mature neurons and levels of synaptic markers in the striatum. Dysplasia or tumor development was not observed. Importantly, neurobehavioral evaluations such as rotarod and ladder walking tests showed that the expression of the four factors dramatically promoted functional restoration from ischemic injury. These results provide a basis for novel therapeutic modality development for cerebral ischemia.
Collapse
|
23
|
Yu JH, Seo JH, Lee JY, Lee MY, Cho SR. Induction of Neurorestoration From Endogenous Stem Cells. Cell Transplant 2016; 25:863-82. [PMID: 26787093 DOI: 10.3727/096368916x690511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) persist in the subventricular zone lining the ventricles of the adult brain. The resident stem/progenitor cells can be stimulated in vivo by neurotrophic factors, hematopoietic growth factors, magnetic stimulation, and/or physical exercise. In both animals and humans, the differentiation and survival of neurons arising from the subventricular zone may also be regulated by the trophic factors. Since stem/progenitor cells present in the adult brain and the production of new neurons occurs at specific sites, there is a possibility for the treatment of incurable neurological diseases. It might be feasible to induce neurogenesis, which would be particularly efficacious in the treatment of striatal neurodegenerative conditions such as Huntington's disease, as well as cerebrovascular diseases such as ischemic stroke and cerebral palsy, conditions that are widely seen in the clinics. Understanding of the molecular control of endogenous NSC activation and progenitor cell mobilization will likely provide many new opportunities as therapeutic strategies. In this review, we focus on endogenous stem/progenitor cell activation that occurs in response to exogenous factors including neurotrophic factors, hematopoietic growth factors, magnetic stimulation, and an enriched environment. Taken together, these findings suggest the possibility that functional brain repair through induced neurorestoration from endogenous stem cells may soon be a clinical reality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hea Yu
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Regeneration, Plasticity, and Induced Molecular Programs in Adult Zebrafish Brain. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:769763. [PMID: 26417601 PMCID: PMC4568348 DOI: 10.1155/2015/769763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative capacity of the brain is a variable trait within animals. Aquatic vertebrates such as zebrafish have widespread ability to renew their brains upon damage, while mammals have—if not none—very limited overall regenerative competence. Underlying cause of such a disparity is not fully evident; however, one of the reasons could be activation of peculiar molecular programs, which might have specific roles after injury or damage, by the organisms that regenerate. If this hypothesis is correct, then there must be genes and pathways that (a) are expressed only after injury or damage in tissues, (b) are biologically and functionally relevant to restoration of neural tissue, and (c) are not detected in regenerating organisms. Presence of such programs might circumvent the initial detrimental effects of the damage and subsequently set up the stage for tissue redevelopment to take place by modulating the plasticity of the neural stem/progenitor cells. Additionally, if transferable, those “molecular mechanisms of regeneration” could open up new avenues for regenerative therapies of humans in clinical settings. This review focuses on the recent studies addressing injury/damage-induced molecular programs in zebrafish brain, underscoring the possibility of the presence of genes that could be used as biomarkers of neural plasticity and regeneration.
Collapse
|
25
|
Redox-based regulation of neural stem cell function and Nrf2. Biochem Soc Trans 2015; 43:627-31. [PMID: 26551703 DOI: 10.1042/bst20150016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) play vital roles in the development and maintenance of brain tissues throughout life. They can also potentially act as powerful sources of regeneration and repair during pathology to replace degenerating cells and counteract deleterious changes in the tissue microenvironment. However, both aging and neurodegeneration involve an up-regulation of processes, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, somatic mutations, and reduction in growth factors in neural tissues, which threaten the robust functioning of NSCs. Nevertheless, recent evidence also indicates that NSCs may possess the intrinsic capability to cope with such stressors in their microenvironment. Whereas the mechanisms governing the responses of NSCs to stress are diverse, a common theme that is emerging suggests that underlying changes in intracellular redox status are crucial. Here we discuss such redox-based regulation of NSCs, particularly in relation to nuclear erythroid factor 2-like 2 (Nrf2), which is a key cellular stress resistance factor, and its implications for successfully harnessing NSC therapeutic potential towards developing cell-based therapeutics for nervous system disorders.
Collapse
|
26
|
Yang K, Park HJ, Han S, Lee J, Ko E, Kim J, Lee JS, Yu JH, Song KY, Cheong E, Cho SR, Chung S, Cho SW. Recapitulation of in vivo-like paracrine signals of human mesenchymal stem cells for functional neuronal differentiation of human neural stem cells in a 3D microfluidic system. Biomaterials 2015; 63:177-88. [PMID: 26113074 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Paracrine signals produced from stem cells influence tissue regeneration by inducing the differentiation of endogenous stem or progenitor cells. However, many recent studies that have investigated paracrine signaling of stem cells have relied on either two-dimensional transwell systems or conditioned medium culture, neither of which provide optimal culture microenvironments for elucidating the effects of paracrine signals in vivo. In this study, we recapitulated in vivo-like paracrine signaling of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) to enhance functional neuronal differentiation of human neural stem cells (hNSCs) in three-dimensional (3D) extracellular matrices (ECMs) within a microfluidic array platform. In order to amplify paracrine signaling, hMSCs were genetically engineered using cationic polymer nanoparticles to overexpress glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). hNSCs were cultured in 3D ECM hydrogel used to fill central channels of the microfluidic device, while GDNF-overexpressing hMSCs (GDNF-hMSCs) were cultured in channels located on both sides of the central channel. This setup allowed for mimicking of paracrine signaling between genetically engineered hMSCs and endogenous hNSCs in the brain. Co-culture of hNSCs with GDNF-hMSCs in the 3D microfluidic system yielded reduced glial differentiation of hNSCs while significantly enhancing differentiation into neuronal cells including dopaminergic neurons. Neuronal cells produced from hNSCs differentiating in the presence of GDNF-hMSCs exhibited functional neuron-like electrophysiological features. The enhanced paracrine ability of GDNF-hMSCs was finally confirmed using an animal model of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. This study demonstrates the presented 3D microfluidic array device can provide an efficient co-culture platform and provide an environment for paracrine signals from transplanted stem cells to control endogenous neuronal behaviors in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kisuk Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Sewoon Han
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Joan Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunkyung Ko
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seung Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hea Yu
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Yeong Song
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Cheong
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Rae Cho
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Chung
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Cameron SH, Alwakeel AJ, Goddard L, Hobbs CE, Gowing EK, Barnett ER, Kohe SE, Sizemore RJ, Oorschot DE. Delayed post-treatment with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells is neurorestorative of striatal medium-spiny projection neurons and improves motor function after neonatal rat hypoxia-ischemia. Mol Cell Neurosci 2015; 68:56-72. [PMID: 25828540 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2015.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Perinatal hypoxia-ischemia is a major cause of striatal injury and may lead to cerebral palsy. This study investigated whether delayed administration of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), at one week after neonatal rat hypoxia-ischemia, was neurorestorative of striatal medium-spiny projection neurons and improved motor function. The effect of a subcutaneous injection of a high-dose, or a low-dose, of MSCs was investigated in stereological studies. Postnatal day (PN) 7 pups were subjected to hypoxia-ischemia. At PN14, pups received treatment with either MSCs or diluent. A subset of high-dose pups, and their diluent control pups, were also injected intraperitoneally with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), every 24h, on PN15, PN16 and PN17. This permitted tracking of the migration and survival of neuroblasts originating from the subventricular zone into the adjacent injured striatum. Pups were euthanized on PN21 and the absolute number of striatal medium-spiny projection neurons was measured after immunostaining for DARPP-32 (dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein-32), double immunostaining for BrdU and DARPP-32, and after cresyl violet staining alone. The absolute number of striatal immunostained calretinin interneurons was also measured. There was a statistically significant increase in the absolute number of DARPP-32-positive, BrdU/DARPP-32-positive, and cresyl violet-stained striatal medium-spiny projection neurons, and fewer striatal calretinin interneurons, in the high-dose mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) group compared to their diluent counterparts. A high-dose of MSCs restored the absolute number of these neurons to normal uninjured levels, when compared with previous stereological data on the absolute number of cresyl violet-stained striatal medium-spiny projection neurons in the normal uninjured brain. For the low-dose experiment, in which cresyl violet-stained striatal medium-spiny neurons alone were measured, there was a lower statistically significant increase in their absolute number in the MSC group compared to their diluent controls. Investigation of behavior in another cohort of animals showed that delayed administration of a high-dose of bone marrow-derived MSCs, at one week after neonatal rat hypoxia-ischemia, improved motor function on the cylinder test. Thus, delayed therapy with a high- or low-dose of adult MSCs, at one week after injury, is effective in restoring the loss of striatal medium-spiny projection neurons after neonatal rat hypoxia-ischemia and a high-dose of MSCs improved motor function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stella H Cameron
- Department of Anatomy, Otago School of Medical Sciences, and the Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Amr J Alwakeel
- Department of Anatomy, Otago School of Medical Sciences, and the Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Liping Goddard
- Department of Anatomy, Otago School of Medical Sciences, and the Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Catherine E Hobbs
- Department of Anatomy, Otago School of Medical Sciences, and the Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Emma K Gowing
- Department of Anatomy, Otago School of Medical Sciences, and the Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Elizabeth R Barnett
- Department of Anatomy, Otago School of Medical Sciences, and the Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sarah E Kohe
- Department of Anatomy, Otago School of Medical Sciences, and the Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rachel J Sizemore
- Department of Anatomy, Otago School of Medical Sciences, and the Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Dorothy E Oorschot
- Department of Anatomy, Otago School of Medical Sciences, and the Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
The transfection of BDNF to dopamine neurons potentiates the effect of dopamine D3 receptor agonist recovering the striatal innervation, dendritic spines and motor behavior in an aged rat model of Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117391. [PMID: 25693197 PMCID: PMC4332861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The progressive degeneration of the dopamine neurons of the pars compacta of substantia nigra and the consequent loss of the dopamine innervation of the striatum leads to the impairment of motor behavior in Parkinson's disease. Accordingly, an efficient therapy of the disease should protect and regenerate the dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra and the dopamine innervation of the striatum. Nigral neurons express Brain Derived Neurotropic Factor (BDNF) and dopamine D3 receptors, both of which protect the dopamine neurons. The chronic activation of dopamine D3 receptors by their agonists, in addition, restores, in part, the dopamine innervation of the striatum. Here we explored whether the over-expression of BDNF by dopamine neurons potentiates the effect of the activation of D3 receptors restoring nigrostriatal innervation. Twelve-month old Wistar rats were unilaterally injected with 6-hydroxydopamine into the striatum. Five months later, rats were treated with the D3 agonist 7-hydroxy-N,N-di-n-propy1-2-aminotetralin (7-OH-DPAT) administered i.p. during 4½ months via osmotic pumps and the BDNF gene transfection into nigral cells using the neurotensin-polyplex nanovector (a non-viral transfection) that selectively transfect the dopamine neurons via the high-affinity neurotensin receptor expressed by these neurons. Two months after the withdrawal of 7-OH-DPAT when rats were aged (24 months old), immunohistochemistry assays were made. The over-expression of BDNF in rats receiving the D3 agonist normalized gait and motor coordination; in addition, it eliminated the muscle rigidity produced by the loss of dopamine. The recovery of motor behavior was associated with the recovery of the nigral neurons, the dopamine innervation of the striatum and of the number of dendritic spines of the striatal neurons. Thus, the over-expression of BDNF in dopamine neurons associated with the chronic activation of the D3 receptors appears to be a promising strategy for restoring dopamine neurons in Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
|
29
|
Sun J, Qu Y, He H, Fan X, Qin Y, Mao W, Xu L. Protective effect of polydatin on learning and memory impairments in neonatal rats with hypoxic‑ischemic brain injury by up‑regulating brain‑derived neurotrophic factor. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:3047-51. [PMID: 25241777 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Polydatin is a key component of Polygonum cuspidatum, a herb with medical and nutritional value. The present study investigated the protective effect of polydatin against learning and memory impairment in neonatal rats with hypoxic‑ischemic brain injury (HIBI). The unilateral common carotid artery ligation method was used to generate neonatal HIBI rats. Y‑maze testing revealed that rats with HIBI exhibited memory impairment, while rats with HIBI treated with polydatin displayed enhanced long‑term learning and memory. Of note, polydatin was found to upregulate the expression of hippocampal brain‑derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in rats with HIBI. BDNF has a role in protecting HIBI‑induced brain tissue injury and alleviating memory impairment. These findings showed that polydatin had a protective effect against learning and memory impairment in neonatal rats with HIBI and that the protective effect may be mediated through the upregulation of BDNF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Sun
- Hospital of Maternal and Child Health of Dalian, Dalian, Liaoning 116033, P.R. China
| | - Yunxia Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
| | - Huiming He
- Hospital of Maternal and Child Health of Dalian, Dalian, Liaoning 116033, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolei Fan
- Department of Microbiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Yuanhua Qin
- Department of Parasitology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Weifeng Mao
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Lixin Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhao F, Qu Y, Liu H, Du B, Mu D. Umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells co-modified by TERT and BDNF: a novel neuroprotective therapy for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Int J Dev Neurosci 2014; 38:147-54. [PMID: 24999119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2014.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD), a leading cause of perinatal disability and death, has limited therapeutic options. Stem cell therapy has been demonstrated as a potential novel therapy for neurological disorders. Compared with other types of stem cells, umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (UCB-MSCs) have several unique characteristics, such as a higher rate of cell proliferation and clonality. However, the limited life span of UCB-MSCs hinders their clinical application. Therefore, efforts are urgently needed to circumvent this disadvantage. Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), which promotes cell proliferation and survival, plays a protective role in hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury. Thus, it is reasonable to propose that UCB-MSCs modified by exogenous TERT expression might have a longer lifespan and increased viability. Moreover, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neurotrophin that regulates development, regeneration, survival and maintenance of neurons, facilitates post-injury recovery when administered by infusion or virus-mediated delivery. Therefore, TERT- and BDNF-modified UCB-MSCs may have a longer lifespan and also maintain neural differentiation, thus promoting the recovery of neurological function following hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) and thereby representing a new effective strategy for HIBD in neonates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengyan Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Haiting Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Baowen Du
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dezhi Mu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Time-dependent effect of combination therapy with erythropoietin and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in a mouse model of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Neurosci Bull 2014; 30:107-17. [PMID: 24435306 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-013-1397-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) are likely to play broad roles in the brain. We investigated the effects of combination therapy with EPO and G-CSF in hypoxic-ischemic brain injury during the acute, subacute, and chronic phases. A total of 79 C57BL/6 mice with hypoxic-ischemic brain injury were randomly assigned acute (days 1-5), subacute (days 11-15) and chronic (days 28-32) groups. All of them were treated with G-CSF (250 μg/kg) and EPO (5000 U/kg) or saline daily for 5 consecutive days. Behavioral assessments and immunohistochemistry for angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and astrogliosis were performed with an 8-week follow-up. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) was also measured by Western blot analysis. The results showed that the combination therapy with EPO and G-CSF in the acute phase significantly improved rotarod performance and forelimb-use symmetry compared to the other groups, while subacute EPO and G-CSF therapy exhibited a modest improvement compared with the chronic saline controls. The acute treatment significantly increased the density of CD31(+) (PECAM-1) and α-smooth muscle actin(+) vessels in the frontal cortex and striatum, increased BrdU(+)/PSA-NCAM(+) neurogenesis in the subventricular zone, and decreased astroglial density in the striatum. Furthermore, acute treatment significantly increased the HIF-1 expression in the cytosol and nucleus, whereas chronic treatment did not change the HIF-1 expression, consistent with the behavioral outcomes. These results indicate that the induction of HIF-1 expression by combination therapy with EPO and G-CSF synergistically enhances not only behavioral function but also neurogenesis and angiogenesis while decreasing the astroglial response in a time-dependent manner.
Collapse
|
32
|
Seo JH, Yu JH, Suh H, Kim MS, Cho SR. Fibroblast growth factor-2 induced by enriched environment enhances angiogenesis and motor function in chronic hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74405. [PMID: 24098645 PMCID: PMC3787050 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of enriched environment (EE) on promoting angiogenesis and neurobehavioral function in an animal model of chronic hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury. HI brain damage was induced in seven day-old CD-1® mice by unilateral carotid artery ligation and exposure to hypoxia (8% O2 for 90 min). At six weeks of age, the mice were randomly assigned to either EE or standard cages (SC) for two months. Rotarod, forelimb-use asymmetry, and grip strength tests were performed to evaluate neurobehavioral function. In order to identify angiogenic growth factors regulated by EE, an array-based multiplex ELISA assay was used to measure the expression in frontal cortex, striatum, and cerebellum. Among the growth factors, the expression of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) was confirmed using western blotting. Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were also evaluated using immunohistochemistry. As a result, mice exposed to EE showed significant improvements in rotarod and ladder walking performances compared to SC controls. The level of FGF-2 was significantly higher in the frontal cortex of EE mice at 8 weeks after treatment in multiplex ELISA and western blot. On the other hand, FGF-2 in the striatum significantly increased at 2 weeks after exposure to EE earlier than in the frontal cortex. Expression of activin A was similarly upregulated as FGF-2 expression pattern. Particularly, all animals treated with FGF-2 neutralizing antibody abolished the beneficial effect of EE on motor performance relative to mice not given anti-FGF-2. Immunohistochemistry showed that densities of α-SMA+ and PECAM-1+ cells in frontal cortex, striatum, and hippocampus were significantly increased following EE, suggesting the histological findings exhibit a similar pattern to the upregulation of FGF-2 in the brain. In conclusion, EE enhances endogenous angiogenesis and neurobehavioral functions mediated by upregulation of FGF-2 in chronic hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hwa Seo
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Graduate Program of Nano Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hea Yu
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwal Suh
- Graduate Program of Nano Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung-Sun Kim
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering/College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
- Yonsei Stem Cell Center, Avison Biomedical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Rae Cho
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Graduate Program of Nano Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Yonsei Stem Cell Center, Avison Biomedical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
- Rehabilitation Institute of Neuromuscular Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Seo JH, Kim H, Park ES, Lee JE, Kim DW, Kim HO, Im SH, Yu JH, Kim JY, Lee MY, Kim CH, Cho SR. Environmental Enrichment Synergistically Improves Functional Recovery by Transplanted Adipose Stem Cells in Chronic Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury. Cell Transplant 2013; 22:1553-68. [DOI: 10.3727/096368912x662390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of environmental enrichment (EE) on the function of transplanted adipose stem cells (ASCs) and the combined effect of EE and ASC transplantation on neurobehavioral function in an animal model of chronic hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury. HI brain damage was induced in 7-day-old mice by unilateral carotid artery ligation and exposure to hypoxia (8% O2 for 90 min). At 6 weeks of age, the mice were randomly injected with either ASCs or PBS into the striatum and were randomly assigned to either EE or standard cages (SC), comprising ASC-EE ( n = 18), ASC-SC ( n = 19), PBS-EE ( n = 12), PBS-SC ( n = 17), and untreated controls ( n = 23). Rotarod, forelimb-use asymmetry, and grip strength tests were performed to evaluate neurobehavioral function. The fate of transplanted cells and the levels of endogenous neurogenesis, astrocyte activation, and paracrine factors were also measured. As a result, EE and ASC transplantation synergistically improved rotarod latency, forelimb-use asymmetry, and grip strength compared to those of the other groups. The number of engrafted ASCs and βIII-tubulin+ neurons derived from the transplanted ASCs was significantly higher in mice in EE than those in SC. EE and ASC transplantation also synergistically increased BrdU+βIII-tubulin+ neurons, GFAP+ astrocytic density, and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) level but not the level of CS-56+ glial scarring in the striatum. In conclusion, EE and ASC transplantation synergistically improved neurobehavioral functions. The underlying mechanisms of this synergism included enhanced repair processes such as higher engraftment of the transplanted ASCs, increased endogenous neurogenesis and astrocytic activation coupled with upregulation of FGF2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hwa Seo
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Graduate Program of Nano Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyongbum Kim
- Graduate Program of Nano Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Sook Park
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Eun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Wook Kim
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Ok Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Yonsei Stem Cell Research Center, Avison Biomedical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hee Im
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kwandong University College of Medicine
| | - Ji Hea Yu
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Kim
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Young Lee
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chul Hoon Kim
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Rae Cho
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Graduate Program of Nano Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Yonsei Stem Cell Research Center, Avison Biomedical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
- Rehabilitation Institute of Neuromuscular Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kim TH, El-Said WA, An JH, Choi JW. ITO/gold nanoparticle/RGD peptide composites to enhance electrochemical signals and proliferation of human neural stem cells. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2013; 9:336-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2011] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
35
|
Rojas JJ, Deniz BF, Miguel PM, Diaz R, Hermel ÉDES, Achaval M, Netto CA, Pereira LO. Effects of daily environmental enrichment on behavior and dendritic spine density in hippocampus following neonatal hypoxia–ischemia in the rat. Exp Neurol 2013; 241:25-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
36
|
Christie KJ, Turnley AM. Regulation of endogenous neural stem/progenitor cells for neural repair-factors that promote neurogenesis and gliogenesis in the normal and damaged brain. Front Cell Neurosci 2013; 6:70. [PMID: 23346046 PMCID: PMC3548228 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2012.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural stem/precursor cells in the adult brain reside in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus. These cells primarily generate neuroblasts that normally migrate to the olfactory bulb (OB) and the dentate granule cell layer respectively. Following brain damage, such as traumatic brain injury, ischemic stroke or in degenerative disease models, neural precursor cells from the SVZ in particular, can migrate from their normal route along the rostral migratory stream (RMS) to the site of neural damage. This neural precursor cell response to neural damage is mediated by release of endogenous factors, including cytokines and chemokines produced by the inflammatory response at the injury site, and by the production of growth and neurotrophic factors. Endogenous hippocampal neurogenesis is frequently also directly or indirectly affected by neural damage. Administration of a variety of factors that regulate different aspects of neural stem/precursor biology often leads to improved functional motor and/or behavioral outcomes. Such factors can target neural stem/precursor proliferation, survival, migration and differentiation into appropriate neuronal or glial lineages. Newborn cells also need to subsequently survive and functionally integrate into extant neural circuitry, which may be the major bottleneck to the current therapeutic potential of neural stem/precursor cells. This review will cover the effects of a range of intrinsic and extrinsic factors that regulate neural stem/precursor cell functions. In particular it focuses on factors that may be harnessed to enhance the endogenous neural stem/precursor cell response to neural damage, highlighting those that have already shown evidence of preclinical effectiveness and discussing others that warrant further preclinical investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly J Christie
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Centre for Neuroscience Research, The University of Melbourne Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
It has been suggested that long-term modifications of synaptic transmission constitute the foundation of the processes by which information is stored in the central nervous system. A group of proteins called neurotrophins are considered powerful molecular mediators in central synaptic plasticity. Among these, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as well as neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) have emerged as having key roles in the neurobiological mechanisms related to learning and memory. In this chapter, we review the studies that have represented a significant step forward in understanding the role played by BDNF and NT-3 in long-term synaptic plasticity. The effects of BDNF and NT-3 on synaptic plasticity can be of a permissive nature, establishing the conditions under which plastic changes can take place, or it may be instructive, directly modifying the communication and morphology of synapses. The actions carried out by BDNF include its capacity to contribute to the stabilization and maturation of already-existing synapses, as well as to generate new synaptic contacts. One important finding that highlights the participation of these neurotrophins in synaptic plasticity is the observation that adding BDNF or NT-3 gives rise to drastic long-term increases in synaptic transmission, similar to the long-term potentiation in the hippocampus and neocortex of mammals. Because neurotrophins modulate both the electrical properties and the structural organization of the synapse, these proteins have been considered important biological markers of learning and memory processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gómez-Palacio-Schjetnan
- División de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Psicologia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, México, D.F., Mexico
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor-Transfected and Nontransfected 3T3 Fibroblasts Enhance Migratory Neuroblasts and Functional Restoration in Mice With Intracerebral Hemorrhage. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2012; 71:1123-36. [DOI: 10.1097/nen.0b013e3182779e96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
39
|
Wright J, Stanic D, Thompson LH. Generation of striatal projection neurons extends into the neonatal period in the rat brain. J Physiol 2012; 591:67-76. [PMID: 23129797 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2012.246397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Substantial advances have been made in the last decade on our understanding of the basic physiology underlying neurogenesis in the postnatal mammalian brain. The bulk of the work in this area has been based on analysis of the adult brain. Relatively less is known about the capacity for neurogenesis in specific structures within the neonatal brain. Here we report that the production of medium spiny striatal projection neurons extends into the early neonatal period under normal physiological conditions in the rat brain. Birth-dating of newborn cells with bromodeoxyuridine at postnatal days 0, 2 and 5 showed a peak production close to birth, which sharply declined at the later time-points. Additionally, there was a low-level but stable contribution of neurons with interneuron identity over the same time-period. Importantly, retroviral labelling of new striatal projection neurons with green fluorescent protein showed long-term survival and terminal differentiation with characteristic morphology, including highly elaborated spiny dendrites, and appropriate axonal targeting of the globus pallidus and midbrain. This latent period of striatal neurogenesis in the early neonatal brain represents an interesting target for regenerative approaches aimed at restoring striatal circuitry in perinatal pathologies, such as hypoxic and ischaemic damage associated with cerebral palsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Wright
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Bobyn J, Mangano EN, Gandhi A, Nelson E, Moloney K, Clarke M, Hayley S. Viral-toxin interactions and Parkinson's disease: poly I:C priming enhanced the neurodegenerative effects of paraquat. J Neuroinflammation 2012; 9:86. [PMID: 22559812 PMCID: PMC3464726 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-9-86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) has been linked with exposure to a variety of environmental and immunological insults (for example, infectious pathogens) in which inflammatory and oxidative processes seem to be involved. In particular, epidemiological studies have found that pesticide exposure and infections may be linked with the incidence of PD. The present study sought to determine whether exposure to a viral mimic prior to exposure to pesticides would exacerbate PD-like pathology. Methods Mice received a supra-nigral infusion of 5 μg of the double-stranded RNA viral analog, polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), followed 2, 7 or 14 days later by administration of the pesticide, paraquat (nine 10 mg/kg injections over three weeks). Results As hypothesized, poly(I:C) pre-treatment enhanced dopamine (DA) neuron loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta elicited by subsequent paraquat treatment. The augmented neuronal loss was accompanied by robust signs of microglial activation, and by increased expression of the catalytic subunit (gp91) of the NADPH oxidase oxidative stress enzyme. However, the paraquat and poly(I:C) treatments did not appreciably affect home-cage activity, striatal DA terminals, or subventricular neurogenesis. Conclusions These findings suggest that viral agents can sensitize microglial-dependent inflammatory responses, thereby rendering nigral DA neurons vulnerable to further environmental toxin exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Bobyn
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Umbilical cord blood mononuclear cell transplantation for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Pediatr Res 2012; 71:464-73. [PMID: 22430382 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2011.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the treatment of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) using therapeutic hypothermia, at least 30% of the cooled infants will die or have moderate/severe neurological disability. Umbilical cord blood cells (UCBCs), which are readily available at birth, have been shown to reduce sensorimotor and/or cognitive impairments in several models of brain damage, representing a promising option for the treatment of neurological diseases. In this review, we discuss recent preclinical studies that assessed the effects of UCBC transplantation in the Rice-Vannucci animal model of HIE. We also review the possible cell types and mechanisms involved in the therapeutic effect of UCBC transplantation, including neuroprotection, immunomodulation, and stimulation of neural plasticity and regeneration. In addition, we discuss how neuroimaging methods, such as bioluminescence imaging, nuclear-medicine imaging, or magnetic resonance imaging, could be used to evaluate the biodistribution of UCBCs in both preclinical and clinical studies.
Collapse
|
42
|
Forraz N, Wright KE, Jurga M, McGuckin CP. Experimental therapies for repair of the central nervous system: stem cells and tissue engineering. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 7:523-36. [DOI: 10.1002/term.552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Revised: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Forraz
- Therapy Research Institute (CTI-LYON); 5 avenue Lionel Terray; 69330; MEYZIEU-LYON; France
| | - KE Wright
- Therapy Research Institute (CTI-LYON); 5 avenue Lionel Terray; 69330; MEYZIEU-LYON; France
| | - M Jurga
- Therapy Research Institute (CTI-LYON); 5 avenue Lionel Terray; 69330; MEYZIEU-LYON; France
| | - CP McGuckin
- Therapy Research Institute (CTI-LYON); 5 avenue Lionel Terray; 69330; MEYZIEU-LYON; France
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Modarresi F, Faghihi MA, Lopez-Toledano MA, Fatemi RP, Magistri M, Brothers SP, van der Brug MP, Wahlestedt C. Inhibition of natural antisense transcripts in vivo results in gene-specific transcriptional upregulation. Nat Biotechnol 2012; 30:453-9. [PMID: 22446693 PMCID: PMC4144683 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.2158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 498] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Here we demonstrate that natural antisense transcripts (NATs), which are abundant in mammalian genomes, can function as repressors of specific genomic loci and that their removal or inhibition by AntagoNAT oligonucleotides leads to transient and reversible upregulation of sense gene expression. As one example, we show that Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is under the control of a conserved noncoding antisense RNA transcript, BDNF-AS, both in vitro and in vivo. BDNF-AS tonically represses BDNF sense RNA transcription by altering chromatin structure at the BDNF locus, which in turn reduces endogenous BDNF protein and function. By providing additional and analogous examples of endogenous mRNA upregulation, we suggest that antisense RNA mediated transcriptional suppression is a common phenomenon. In sum, we demonstrate a novel pharmacological strategy by which endogenous gene expression can be upregulated in a locus-specific manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Modarresi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Center for Therapeutic Innovation, John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zhang Y, Chopp M, Mahmood A, Meng Y, Qu C, Xiong Y. Impact of inhibition of erythropoietin treatment-mediated neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus on restoration of spatial learning after traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol 2012; 235:336-44. [PMID: 22414310 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Revised: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrates that delayed (initiated 24h post injury) erythropoietin (EPO) therapy for traumatic brain injury (TBI) significantly improves spatial learning. In this study, we investigated the impact of inhibition of EPO treatment-mediated neurogenesis on spatial learning after experimental TBI. Young male Wistar rats (318+/-7 g) were subjected to unilateral controlled cortical impact injury. TBI rats received delayed EPO treatment (5000 U/kg in saline) administered intraperitoneally once daily at 1, 2, and 3 days post injury and intracerebroventricular (icv) infusion of either a mitotic inhibitor cytosine-b-D-arabinofuranoside or vehicle (saline) for 14 days. Another 2 groups of TBI rats were treated intraperitoneally with saline and infused icv with either a mitotic inhibitor Ara-C or saline for 14 days. Animals receiving sham operation were infused icv with either Ara-C infusion or saline. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was administered to label dividing cells. Spatial learning was assessed using a modified Morris water maze test. Animals were sacrificed at 35 days after injury and brain sections stained for immunohistochemical analyses. As compared to the saline treatment, immunohistochemical analysis revealed that delayed EPO treatment significantly increased the number of BrdU-positive cells and new neurons co-stained with BrdU and NeuN (mature neuron marker) in the dentate gyrus in TBI rats. EPO treatment improved spatial learning after TBI. Ara-C infusion significantly abolished neurogenesis and spatial learning recovery after TBI and EPO treatment. Both EPO and Ara-C reduced the number of astrocytes and microglia/macrophages in the dentate gyrus after TBI. Our findings are highly suggestive for an important role of EPO-amplified dentate gyrus neurogenesis as one of the mechanisms underlying EPO therapeutic treatments after TBI, strongly indicating that strategies promoting endogenous neurogenesis may hold an important therapeutic potential for treatment of TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanlu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Treatment with edaravone attenuates ischemic brain injury and inhibits neurogenesis in the subventricular zone of adult rats after focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury. Neuroscience 2012; 201:297-306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
46
|
Zhang Q, Liu G, Wu Y, Sha H, Zhang P, Jia J. BDNF promotes EGF-induced proliferation and migration of human fetal neural stem/progenitor cells via the PI3K/Akt pathway. Molecules 2011; 16:10146-56. [PMID: 22146375 PMCID: PMC6264301 DOI: 10.3390/molecules161210146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis is a complex process, which contributes to the ability of the adult brain to function normally and adapt to diseases. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is known to play an important role in neurogenesis; however, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Here, we hypothesized that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) can enhance the effect of EGF on neurogenesis. Using in vitro cell culture of aborted human fetal brain tissues, we investigated proliferation and migration of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) after treatment with EGF and different concentrations of BDNF. EGF stimulated proliferation and migration of NSPCs, and this effect was significantly enhanced by co-incubation with BDNF. In the NSPCs treated with 50 ng/mL BDNF, BrdU incorporation was significantly increased (from 7.91% to 17.07%), as compared with that in the control. Moreover, the number of migrating cells was at least 2-fold higher than that in the control. Furthermore, phosphorylation of Akt-1 was increased by BDNF treatment, as well. By contrast, the enhancing effect of BDNF on EGF-induced proliferation and migration of NSPCs were abolished by an inhibitor of PI3K, LY294002. These findings suggest that BDNF promotes EGF-induced proliferation and migration of NSPC through the PI3K/Akt pathway, providing significant insights into not only the mechanism underlying EGF-induced neurogenesis but also potential neuronal replacement strategies to treat brain damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; (Q.Z.)
- Department of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; (Q.Z.)
- Department of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; (Q.Z.)
- Department of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- The Yonghe Branch of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200436, China
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel./Fax: +86-21-528-878-20
| | - Hongying Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Pengyue Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; (Q.Z.)
- Department of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jie Jia
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; (Q.Z.)
- Department of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
The perivascular niche for neurogenesis was first reported as the co-association of newly generated neurons and their progenitors with both dividing and mitotically quiescent endothelial cells in restricted regions of the brain in adult birds and mammals alike. This review attempts to summarize our present understanding of the interaction of blood vessels with neural stem and progenitor cells, addressing both glial and neuronal progenitor cell interactions in the perivascular niche. We review the molecular interactions that are most critical to the endothelial control of stem and progenitor cell mobilization and differentiation. The focus throughout will be on defining those perivascular ligand-receptor interactions shared among these systems, as well as those that clearly differ as a function of cell type and setting, by which specificity may be achieved in the development of targeted therapeutics.
Collapse
|
48
|
Sun X, Zhang QW, Xu M, Guo JJ, Shen SW, Wang YQ, Sun FY. New striatal neurons form projections to substantia nigra in adult rat brain after stroke. Neurobiol Dis 2011; 45:601-9. [PMID: 22005319 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2011.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Revised: 09/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that newborn striatal neurons can functionally integrate with local neural networks in adult rat brain after injury. In the present study, we determined whether these newly generated striatal neurons can develop projections to the substantia nigra, a target of striatal projection neurons. We used 5'-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and a retroviral vector expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) combined with multiple immunostaining labels of newborn striatal neurons, and nigral microinjection of fluorogold (FG) to trace the striatonigral projection in adult rat brain at different weeks following a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). We found that FG positive (FG(+)) cells could be detected in newly generated neurons (BrdU(+)-NeuN(+) and GFP(+)-NeuN(+)) in ipsilateral striatum clearly at 12, but not 2 weeks after MCAO. The data suggest that ischemia-induced newborn striatal projection neurons could form long axons that targeted the substantia nigra (striatonigral projection pathway) and that have intact axonal transport from the nerve terminal to cell body. These new striatal neurons express glutamate NR2 and dopamine D2L receptors, which form the molecular basis for responding to the inputs from cortical glutamatergic and nigral dopaminergic projection neurons. Our data provide the first morphological evidence that newborn neurons in the striatum, a non-neurogenic region, can establish new striatonigral neural circuits, important pathways for the maintenance of motor function. These results help us to understand endogenous cellular mechanisms of brain repair, and suggest that increasing adult neurogenesis could be a practical strategy for enhancing the efficacy of rehabilitative therapy in stroke patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Sun
- Department of Neurobiology and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kokaia Z, Darsalia V. Neural stem cell-based therapy for ischemic stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2011; 2:272-8. [PMID: 24323649 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-011-0100-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell-based approaches for the treatment of stroke have been the subject of intensive research over the past decade. Based on accumulated experimental evidence, stem cell-based therapy is a very promising prospect for the development of a novel treatment to restore stroke-damaged brain and impaired neurological function. Studies performed on experimental animal models of stroke employed a variety of stem cell types from diverse sources and have demonstrated their ability to replace lost neurons and functionally integrate into the brain, modulate inflammation, and stimulate angiogenesis and neurogenesis from an endogenous stem cell pool, most likely through trophic actions. A few clinical trials in stroke patients using stem cell transplantation have been completed or are on-going but the results have not yet proven the effectiveness of the stem cell-based approaches. A joint effort of stroke researchers and clinicians is needed to further optimize treatment protocols using safe and reproducible stem cell sources tested in relevant animal models of stroke and showing substantial neurological recovery of stroke-impaired function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaal Kokaia
- Laboratory of Neural Stem Cell Biology and Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University Hospital, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden,
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
We advance Baby STEPS or Stem cell Therapeutics as an Emerging Paradigm in Stroke as a guide in facilitating the critical evaluation in the laboratory of the safety and efficacy of cell therapy for neonatal encephalopathy. The need to carefully consider the clinical relevance of the animal models in mimicking human neonatal brain injury, selection of the optimal stem cell donor, and the application of functional outcome assays in small and large animal models serve as the foundation for preclinical work and beginning to understand the mechanism of this cellular therapy. The preclinical studies will aid our formulation of a rigorous human clinical trial that encompasses not only efficacy testing but also monitoring of safety indices and demonstration of mechanisms of action. This schema forms the basis of Baby STEPS. Our goal is to resonate the urgent call to enhance the successful translation of cell therapy from the laboratory to the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cesar V Borlongan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|