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Fu RH, Chen HJ, Hong SY. Glycine-Alanine Dipeptide Repeat Protein from C9-ALS Interacts with Sulfide Quinone Oxidoreductase (SQOR) to Induce the Activity of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in HMC3 Microglia: Irisflorentin Reverses This Interaction. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1896. [PMID: 37891975 PMCID: PMC10604625 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal rare disease of progressive degeneration of motor neurons. The most common genetic mutation in ALS is the hexanucleotide repeat expansion (HRE) located in the first intron of the C9orf72 gene (C9-ALS). HRE can produce dipeptide repeat proteins (DPRs) such as poly glycine-alanine (GA) in a repeat-associated non-ATG (RAN) translation. GA-DPR has been shown to be toxic to motor neurons in various biological models. However, its effects on microglia involved in C9-ALS have not been reported. Here, we show that GA-DPR (GA50) activates the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in a human HMC3 microglia model. MCC950 (specific inhibitor of the NLRP3) treatment can abrogate this activity. Next, using yeast two-hybrid screening, we identified sulfide quinone oxidoreductase (SQOR) as a GA50 interacting protein. SQOR knockdown in HMC3 cells can significantly induce the activity of the NLRP3 inflammasome by upregulating the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species and the cytoplasmic escape of mitochondrial DNA. Furthermore, we obtained irisflorentin as an effective blocker of the interaction between SQOR and GA50, thus inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activity in GA50-expressing HMC3 cells. These results imply the association of GA-DPR, SQOR, and NLRP3 inflammasomes in microglia and establish a treatment strategy for C9-ALS with irisflorentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Huei Fu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program for Aging, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Jye Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Syuan-Yu Hong
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, China Medical University Children’s Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
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Chen H, Li K, Qin Y, Zhou J, Li T, Qian L, Yang C, Ji X, Wu D. Recent advances in the role of endogenous hydrogen sulphide in cancer cells. Cell Prolif 2023; 56:e13449. [PMID: 36929586 PMCID: PMC10472536 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulphide (H2 S) is a gaseous neurotransmitter that can be self-synthesized by living organisms. With the deepening of research, the pathophysiological mechanisms of endogenous H2 S in cancer have been increasingly elucidated: (1) promote angiogenesis, (2) stimulate cell bioenergetics, (3) promote migration and proliferation thereby invasion, (4) inhibit apoptosis and (5) activate abnormal cell cycle. However, the increasing H2 S levels via exogenous sources show the opposite trend. This phenomenon can be explained by the bell-shaped pharmacological model of H2 S, that is, the production of endogenous (low concentration) H2 S promotes tumour growth while the exogenous (high concentration) H2 S inhibits tumour growth. Here, we review the impact of endogenous H2 S synthesis and metabolism on tumour progression, summarize the mechanism of action of H2 S in tumour growth, and discuss the possibility of H2 S as a potential target for tumour treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao‐Jie Chen
- School of Basic Medical SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengHenan475004China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein RegulationHenan UniversityKaifengHenan475004China
| | - Ke Li
- School of Basic Medical SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengHenan475004China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein RegulationHenan UniversityKaifengHenan475004China
| | - Yang‐Zhe Qin
- School of Basic Medical SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengHenan475004China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein RegulationHenan UniversityKaifengHenan475004China
| | - Jing‐Jing Zhou
- School of Basic Medical SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengHenan475004China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein RegulationHenan UniversityKaifengHenan475004China
| | - Tao Li
- School of Basic Medical SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengHenan475004China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein RegulationHenan UniversityKaifengHenan475004China
| | - Lei Qian
- School of Basic Medical SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengHenan475004China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein RegulationHenan UniversityKaifengHenan475004China
| | - Chang‐Yong Yang
- School of Nursing and HealthHenan UniversityKaifengHenan475004China
| | - Xin‐Ying Ji
- School of Basic Medical SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengHenan475004China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein RegulationHenan UniversityKaifengHenan475004China
- Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Infection and Biological Safety, School of Basic Medical SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengHenan475004China
| | - Dong‐Dong Wu
- School of Basic Medical SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengHenan475004China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein RegulationHenan UniversityKaifengHenan475004China
- School of StomatologyHenan UniversityKaifengHenan475004China
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Star BS, van der Slikke EC, Ransy C, Schmitt A, Henning RH, Bouillaud F, Bouma HR. GYY4137-Derived Hydrogen Sulfide Donates Electrons to the Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain via Sulfide: Quinone Oxidoreductase in Endothelial Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030587. [PMID: 36978834 PMCID: PMC10044827 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The protective effects of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) to limit oxidative injury and preserve mitochondrial function during sepsis, ischemia/reperfusion, and neurodegenerative diseases have prompted the development of soluble H2S-releasing compounds such as GYY4137. Yet, the effects of GYY4137 on the mitochondrial function of endothelial cells remain unclear, while this cell type comprises the first target cell after parenteral administration. Here, we specifically assessed whether human endothelial cells possess a functional sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase (SQOR), to oxidise GYY4137-released H2S within the mitochondria for electron donation to the electron transport chain. We demonstrate that H2S administration increases oxygen consumption by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), which does not occur in the SQOR-deficient cell line SH-SY5Y. GYY4137 releases H2S in HUVECs in a dose- and time-dependent fashion as quantified by oxygen consumption and confirmed by lead acetate assay, as well as AzMC fluorescence. Scavenging of intracellular H2S using zinc confirmed intracellular and intramitochondrial sulfur, which resulted in mitotoxic zinc sulfide (ZnS) precipitates. Together, GYY4137 increases intramitochondrial H2S and boosts oxygen consumption of endothelial cells, which is likely governed via the oxidation of H2S by SQOR. This mechanism in endothelial cells may be instrumental in regulating H2S levels in blood and organs but can also be exploited to quantify H2S release by soluble donors such as GYY4137 in living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastiaan S. Star
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (B.S.S.); (H.R.B.)
| | - Elisabeth C. van der Slikke
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Céline Ransy
- The National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), The National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), Université de Paris, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Alain Schmitt
- The National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), The National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), Université de Paris, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Robert H. Henning
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frédéric Bouillaud
- The National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), The National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), Université de Paris, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Hjalmar R. Bouma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (B.S.S.); (H.R.B.)
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Hydrogen Sulphide-Based Therapeutics for Neurological Conditions: Perspectives and Challenges. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:1981-1996. [PMID: 36764968 PMCID: PMC10182124 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03887-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS)-related conditions are currently the leading cause of disability worldwide, posing a significant burden to health systems, individuals and their families. Although the molecular mechanisms implicated in these disorders may be varied, neurological conditions have been increasingly associated with inflammation and/or impaired oxidative response leading to further neural cell damages. Therefore, therapeutic approaches targeting these defective molecular mechanisms have been vastly explored. Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) has emerged as a modulator of both inflammation and oxidative stress with a neuroprotective role, therefore, has gained interest in the treatment of neurological disorders. H2S, produced by endogenous sources, is maintained at low levels in the CNS. However, defects in the biosynthetic and catabolic routes for H2S metabolism have been identified in CNS-related disorders. Approaches to restore H2S availability using H2S-donating compounds have been recently explored in many models of neurological conditions. Nonetheless, we still need to elucidate the potential for these compounds not only to ameliorate defective biological routes, but also to better comprehend the implications on H2S delivery, dosage regimes and feasibility to successfully target CNS tissues. Here, we highlight the molecular mechanisms of H2S-dependent restoration of neurological functions in different models of CNS disease whilst summarising current administration approaches for these H2S-based compounds. We also address existing barriers in H2S donor delivery by showcasing current advances in mediating these constrains through novel biomaterial-based carriers for H2S donors.
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Mateus I, Prip-Buus C. Hydrogen sulphide in liver glucose/lipid metabolism and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Eur J Clin Invest 2022; 52:e13680. [PMID: 34519030 PMCID: PMC9285505 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For a long time, hydrogen sulphide (H2 S) was considered only as a toxic gas, inhibiting mitochondrial respiration at the level of cytochrome c oxidase, and an environmental pollutant. Nowadays, H2 S is recognized as the third mammalian gasotransmitter, playing an important role in inflammation, septic shock, ischaemia reperfusion events, cardiovascular disease and more recently in liver physiology and chronic liver diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS This narrative review is based on literature search using PubMed. RESULTS From a bioenergetic perspective, H2 S is a very unique molecule, serving as a mitochondrial poison at high concentrations or as an inorganic mitochondrial substrate at low concentrations. By using transgenic animal models to specifically modulate liver H2 S biosynthesis or exogenous compounds that release H2 S, several studies demonstrated that H2 S is a key player in liver glucose and lipid metabolism. Liver H2 S content and biosynthesis were also altered in NAFLD animal models with the in vivo administration of H2 S-releasing molecules preventing the further escalation into non-alcoholic-steatohepatitis. Liver steady-state levels of H2 S, and hence its cell signalling properties, are controlled by a tight balance between its biosynthesis, mainly through the transsulphuration pathway, and its mitochondrial oxidation via the sulphide oxidizing unit. However, studies investigating mitochondrial H2 S oxidation in liver dysfunction still remain scarce. CONCLUSIONS Since H2 S emerges as a key regulator of liver metabolism and metabolic flexibility, further understanding the physiological relevance of mitochondrial H2 S oxidation in liver energy homeostasis and its potential implication in chronic liver diseases are of great interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Mateus
- Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Carina Prip-Buus
- Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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Jackson MR, Cox KD, Baugh SDP, Wakeen L, Rashad AA, Lam PYS, Polyak B, Jorns MS. Discovery of a first-in-class inhibitor of sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase that protects against adverse cardiac remodeling and heart failure. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:1771-1784. [PMID: 34132787 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a potent signaling molecule that activates diverse cardioprotective pathways by posttranslational modification (persulfidation) of cysteine residues in upstream protein targets. Heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) exhibit low levels of H2S. Sulfide: quinone oxidoreductase (SQOR) catalyzes the first irreversible step in the metabolism of H2S and plays a key role in regulating H2S-mediated signaling. Our aim here was to discover a first-in-class inhibitor of human SQOR and evaluate its cardioprotective effect in an animal model of HFrEF. METHODS AND RESULTS We identified a potent inhibitor of human SQOR (STI1, IC50 = 29 nM) by high-throughput screening of a small-molecule library, followed by focused medicinal chemistry optimization and structure-based design. STI1 is a competitive inhibitor that binds with high selectivity to the coenzyme Q-binding pocket in SQOR. STI1 exhibited very low cytotoxicity and attenuated the hypertrophic response of neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes and H9c2 cells induced by neurohormonal stressors. A mouse HFrEF model was produced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Treatment of TAC mice with STI1 mitigated the development of cardiomegaly, pulmonary congestion, dilatation of the left ventricle, and cardiac fibrosis and decreased the pressure gradient across the aortic constriction. Moreover, STI1 dramatically improved survival, preserved cardiac function, and prevented the progression to HFrEF by impeding the transition from compensated to decompensated left ventricle hypertrophy. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that the coenzyme Q-binding pocket in human SQOR is a druggable target and establish proof of concept for the potential of SQOR inhibitors to provide a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of HFrEF. TRANSLATIONAL PERSPECTIVE In HFrEF there is a compelling need for new drugs that mitigate the pathological remodeling induced by injury and improve patient survival. This study identifies SQOR-inhibiting drugs as a promising first-in-class therapy for HFrEF patients. Due to the well-established protective properties of H2S-induced signaling in renal physiology and disease, this novel class of heart failure therapeutics may also address the large unmet need of therapies for approximately 50% of heart failure patients that have coexisting chronic renal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Jackson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Kristie D Cox
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Simon D P Baugh
- Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center, Inc. Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - Luke Wakeen
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Adel A Rashad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Patrick Y S Lam
- Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center, Inc. Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - Boris Polyak
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Marilyn Schuman Jorns
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
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Sokolov AS, Nekrasov PV, Shaposhnikov MV, Moskalev AA. Hydrogen sulfide in longevity and pathologies: Inconsistency is malodorous. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 67:101262. [PMID: 33516916 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is one of the biologically active gases (gasotransmitters), which plays an important role in various physiological processes and aging. Its production in the course of methionine and cysteine catabolism and its degradation are finely balanced, and impairment of H2S homeostasis is associated with various pathologies. Despite the strong geroprotective action of exogenous H2S in C. elegans, there are controversial effects of hydrogen sulfide and its donors on longevity in other models, as well as on stress resistance, age-related pathologies and aging processes, including regulation of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and senescent cell anti-apoptotic pathways (SCAPs). Here we discuss that the translation potential of H2S as a geroprotective compound is influenced by a multiplicity of its molecular targets, pleiotropic biological effects, and the overlapping ranges of toxic and beneficial doses. We also consider the challenges of the targeted delivery of H2S at the required dose. Along with this, the complexity of determining the natural levels of H2S in animal and human organs and their ambiguous correlations with longevity are reviewed.
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Szabo C. Hydrogen Sulfide, an Endogenous Stimulator of Mitochondrial Function in Cancer Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020220. [PMID: 33499368 PMCID: PMC7911547 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has a long history as toxic gas and environmental hazard; inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase (mitochondrial Complex IV) is viewed as a primary mode of its cytotoxic action. However, studies conducted over the last two decades unveiled multiple biological regulatory roles of H2S as an endogenously produced mammalian gaseous transmitter. Cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST) are currently viewed as the principal mammalian H2S-generating enzymes. In contrast to its inhibitory (toxicological) mitochondrial effects, at lower (physiological) concentrations, H2S serves as a stimulator of electron transport in mammalian mitochondria, by acting as an electron donor—with sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase (SQR) being the immediate electron acceptor. The mitochondrial roles of H2S are significant in various cancer cells, many of which exhibit high expression and partial mitochondrial localization of various H2S producing enzymes. In addition to the stimulation of mitochondrial ATP production, the roles of endogenous H2S in cancer cells include the maintenance of mitochondrial organization (protection against mitochondrial fission) and the maintenance of mitochondrial DNA repair (via the stimulation of the assembly of mitochondrial DNA repair complexes). The current article overviews the state-of-the-art knowledge regarding the mitochondrial functions of endogenously produced H2S in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Szabo
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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Friederich MW, Elias AF, Kuster A, Laugwitz L, Larson AA, Landry AP, Ellwood‐Digel L, Mirsky DM, Dimmock D, Haven J, Jiang H, MacLean KN, Styren K, Schoof J, Goujon L, Lefrancois T, Friederich M, Coughlin CR, Banerjee R, Haack TB, Van Hove JLK. Pathogenic variants in SQOR encoding sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase are a potentially treatable cause of Leigh disease. J Inherit Metab Dis 2020; 43:1024-1036. [PMID: 32160317 PMCID: PMC7484123 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide, a signaling molecule formed mainly from cysteine, is catabolized by sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase (gene SQOR). Toxic hydrogen sulfide exposure inhibits complex IV. We describe children of two families with pathogenic variants in SQOR. Exome sequencing identified variants; SQOR enzyme activity was measured spectrophotometrically, protein levels evaluated by western blotting, and mitochondrial function was assayed. In family A, following a brief illness, a 4-year-old girl presented comatose with lactic acidosis and multiorgan failure. After stabilization, she remained comatose, hypotonic, had neurostorming episodes, elevated lactate, and Leigh-like lesions on brain imaging. She died shortly after. Her 8-year-old sister presented with a rapidly fatal episode of coma with lactic acidosis, and lesions in the basal ganglia and left cortex. Muscle and liver tissue had isolated decreased complex IV activity, but normal complex IV protein levels and complex formation. Both patients were homozygous for c.637G > A, which we identified as a founder mutation in the Lehrerleut Hutterite with a carrier frequency of 1 in 13. The resulting p.Glu213Lys change disrupts hydrogen bonding with neighboring residues, resulting in severely reduced SQOR protein and enzyme activity, whereas sulfide generating enzyme levels were unchanged. In family B, a boy had episodes of encephalopathy and basal ganglia lesions. He was homozygous for c.446delT and had severely reduced fibroblast SQOR enzyme activity and protein levels. SQOR dysfunction can result in hydrogen sulfide accumulation, which, consistent with its known toxicity, inhibits complex IV resulting in energy failure. In conclusion, SQOR deficiency represents a new, potentially treatable, cause of Leigh disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa W. Friederich
- Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of PediatricsUniversity of ColoradoAuroraColorado
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineChildren's Hospital ColoradoAuroraColorado
| | - Abdallah F. Elias
- Department of Medical GeneticsShodair Children's HospitalHelenaMontana
| | - Alice Kuster
- Department of NeurometabolismUniversity Hospital of NantesNantesFrance
- INRAE, UMR1280, PhAN, Nantes UniversitéNantesFrance
| | - Lucia Laugwitz
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Angewandte GenomikUniversitätsklinikum, University of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Austin A. Larson
- Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of PediatricsUniversity of ColoradoAuroraColorado
| | - Aaron P. Landry
- Department of Biological ChemistryUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Logan Ellwood‐Digel
- Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of PediatricsUniversity of ColoradoAuroraColorado
| | - David M. Mirsky
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Colorado, and Children's Hospital ColoradoAuroraColorado
| | - David Dimmock
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic MedicineSan DiegoCalifornia
| | - Jaclyn Haven
- Department of Medical GeneticsShodair Children's HospitalHelenaMontana
| | - Hua Jiang
- Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of PediatricsUniversity of ColoradoAuroraColorado
| | - Kenneth N. MacLean
- Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of PediatricsUniversity of ColoradoAuroraColorado
| | - Katie Styren
- Department of Medical GeneticsShodair Children's HospitalHelenaMontana
| | - Jonathan Schoof
- Department of Medical GeneticsShodair Children's HospitalHelenaMontana
| | - Louise Goujon
- Department of NeurometabolismUniversity Hospital of NantesNantesFrance
- Service de Génétique CliniqueUniversity Hospital of RennesRennesFrance
| | | | - Maike Friederich
- Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of PediatricsUniversity of ColoradoAuroraColorado
| | - Curtis R. Coughlin
- Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of PediatricsUniversity of ColoradoAuroraColorado
| | - Ruma Banerjee
- Department of Biological ChemistryUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Tobias B. Haack
- INRAE, UMR1280, PhAN, Nantes UniversitéNantesFrance
- Centre for Rare DiseasesUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Johan L. K. Van Hove
- Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of PediatricsUniversity of ColoradoAuroraColorado
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineChildren's Hospital ColoradoAuroraColorado
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Gorgoglione R, Porcelli V, Santoro A, Daddabbo L, Vozza A, Monné M, Di Noia MA, Palmieri L, Fiermonte G, Palmieri F. The human uncoupling proteins 5 and 6 (UCP5/SLC25A14 and UCP6/SLC25A30) transport sulfur oxyanions, phosphate and dicarboxylates. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2019; 1860:724-733. [PMID: 31356773 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The human genome encodes 53 members of the solute carrier family 25 (SLC25), also called the mitochondrial carrier family. In this work, two members of this family, UCP5 (BMCP1, brain mitochondrial carrier protein 1 encoded by SLC25A14) and UCP6 (KMCP1, kidney mitochondrial carrier protein 1 encoded by SLC25A30) have been thoroughly characterized biochemically. They were overexpressed in bacteria, purified and reconstituted in phospholipid vesicles. Their transport properties and kinetic parameters demonstrate that UCP5 and UCP6 transport inorganic anions (sulfate, sulfite, thiosulfate and phosphate) and, to a lesser extent, a variety of dicarboxylates (e.g. malonate, malate and citramalate) and, even more so, aspartate and (only UCP5) glutamate and tricarboxylates. Both carriers catalyzed a fast counter-exchange transport and a very low uniport of substrates. Transport was saturable and inhibited by mercurials and other mitochondrial carrier inhibitors at various degrees. The transport affinities of UCP5 and UCP6 were higher for sulfate and thiosulfate than for any other substrate, whereas the specific activity of UCP5 was much higher than that of UCP6. It is proposed that a main physiological role of UCP5 and UCP6 is to catalyze the export of sulfite and thiosulfate (the H2S degradation products) from the mitochondria, thereby modulating the level of the important signal molecule H2S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruggiero Gorgoglione
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Porcelli
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Santoro
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Lucia Daddabbo
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Vozza
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; Center of Excellence in Comparative Genomics, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Magnus Monné
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Di Noia
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Palmieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; Center of Excellence in Comparative Genomics, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fiermonte
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; Center of Excellence in Comparative Genomics, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Ferdinando Palmieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; Center of Excellence in Comparative Genomics, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), 70126 Bari, Italy
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11
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Olson KR. H 2S and polysulfide metabolism: Conventional and unconventional pathways. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 149:77-90. [PMID: 29248597 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It is now well established that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an effector of a wide variety of physiological processes. It is also clear that many of the effects of H2S are mediated through reactions with cysteine sulfur on regulatory proteins and most of these are not mediated directly by H2S but require prior oxidation of H2S and the formation of per- and polysulfides (H2Sn, n = 2-8). Attendant with understanding the regulatory functions of H2S and H2Sn is an appreciation of the mechanisms that control, i.e., both increase and decrease, their production and catabolism. Although a number of standard "conventional" pathways have been described and well characterized, novel "unconventional" pathways are continuously being identified. This review summarizes our current knowledge of both the conventional and unconventional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R Olson
- Indiana University School of Medicine - South Bend, South Bend, IN 46617, USA.
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12
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Ziosi M, Di Meo I, Kleiner G, Gao XH, Barca E, Sanchez-Quintero MJ, Tadesse S, Jiang H, Qiao C, Rodenburg RJ, Scalais E, Schuelke M, Willard B, Hatzoglou M, Tiranti V, Quinzii CM. Coenzyme Q deficiency causes impairment of the sulfide oxidation pathway. EMBO Mol Med 2017; 9:96-111. [PMID: 27856618 PMCID: PMC5210092 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201606356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is an electron acceptor for sulfide‐quinone reductase (SQR), the first enzyme of the hydrogen sulfide oxidation pathway. Here, we show that lack of CoQ in human skin fibroblasts causes impairment of hydrogen sulfide oxidation, proportional to the residual levels of CoQ. Biochemical and molecular abnormalities are rescued by CoQ supplementation in vitro and recapitulated by pharmacological inhibition of CoQ biosynthesis in skin fibroblasts and ADCK3 depletion in HeLa cells. Kidneys of Pdss2kd/kd mice, which only have ~15% residual CoQ concentrations and are clinically affected, showed (i) reduced protein levels of SQR and downstream enzymes, (ii) accumulation of hydrogen sulfides, and (iii) glutathione depletion. These abnormalities were not present in brain, which maintains ~30% residual CoQ and is clinically unaffected. In Pdss2kd/kd mice, we also observed low levels of plasma and urine thiosulfate and increased blood C4‐C6 acylcarnitines. We propose that impairment of the sulfide oxidation pathway induced by decreased levels of CoQ causes accumulation of sulfides and consequent inhibition of short‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase and glutathione depletion, which contributes to increased oxidative stress and kidney failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Ziosi
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ivano Di Meo
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, IRCCS Foundation Neurological Institute "Carlo Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Kleiner
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xing-Huang Gao
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Emanuele Barca
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Saba Tadesse
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hongfeng Jiang
- Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Changhong Qiao
- Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard J Rodenburg
- Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (RCMM), RadboudUMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Emmanuel Scalais
- Division of Paediatric Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Markus Schuelke
- Department of Neuropediatrics and NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Belinda Willard
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory for Protein Sequencing, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Maria Hatzoglou
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Valeria Tiranti
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, IRCCS Foundation Neurological Institute "Carlo Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Catarina M Quinzii
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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13
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The Role of Hemoproteins: Hemoglobin, Myoglobin and Neuroglobin in Endogenous Thiosulfate Production Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2017. [PMID: 28632164 PMCID: PMC5486136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiosulfate formation and biodegradation processes link aerobic and anaerobic metabolism of cysteine. In these reactions, sulfite formed from thiosulfate is oxidized to sulfate while hydrogen sulfide is transformed into thiosulfate. These processes occurring mostly in mitochondria are described as a canonical hydrogen sulfide oxidation pathway. In this review, we discuss the current state of knowledge on the interactions between hydrogen sulfide and hemoglobin, myoglobin and neuroglobin and postulate that thiosulfate is a metabolically important product of this processes. Hydrogen sulfide oxidation by ferric hemoglobin, myoglobin and neuroglobin has been defined as a non-canonical hydrogen sulfide oxidation pathway. Until recently, it appeared that the goal of thiosulfate production was to delay irreversible oxidation of hydrogen sulfide to sulfate excreted in urine; while thiosulfate itself was only an intermediate, transient metabolite on the hydrogen sulfide oxidation pathway. In the light of data presented in this paper, it seems that thiosulfate is a molecule that plays a prominent role in the human body. Thus, we hope that all these findings will encourage further studies on the role of hemoproteins in the formation of this undoubtedly fascinating molecule and on the mechanisms responsible for its biological activity in the human body.
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14
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Alemany S, Vilor-Tejedor N, Bustamante M, Pujol J, Macià D, Martínez-Vilavella G, Fenoll R, Alvárez-Pedrerol M, Forns J, Júlvez J, Suades-González E, Llop S, Rebagliato M, Sunyer J. A Genome-Wide Association Study of Attention Function in a Population-Based Sample of Children. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163048. [PMID: 27656889 PMCID: PMC5033492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Attention function filters and selects behaviorally relevant information. This capacity is impaired in some psychiatric disorders and has been proposed as an endophenotype for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder; however, its genetic basis remains largely unknown. This study aimed to identify single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) associated with attention function. Materials and Methods The discovery sample included 1655 children (7–12 years) and the replication sample included 546 children (5–8 years). Five attention outcomes were assessed using the computerized Attentional Network Test (ANT): alerting, orienting, executive attention, Hit Reaction time (HRT) and the standard error of HRT (HRTSE). A Genome-wide Association Study was conducted for each outcome. Gene set enrichment analyses were performed to detect biological pathways associated with attention outcomes. Additional neuroimaging analyses were conducted to test neural effects of detected SNPs of interest. Results Thirteen loci showed suggestive evidence of association with attention function (P<10−5) in the discovery sample. One of them, the rs4321351 located in the PID1 gene, was nominally significant in the replication sample although it did not survive multiple testing correction. Neuroimaging analysis revealed a significant association between this SNP and brain structure and function involving the frontal-basal ganglia circuits. The mTOR signaling and Alzheimer disease-amyloid secretase pathways were significantly enriched for alerting, orienting and HRT respectively (FDR<5%). Conclusion These results suggest for the first time the involvement of the PID1 gene, mTOR signaling and Alzheimer disease-amyloid secretase pathways, in attention function during childhood. These genes and pathways have been proposed to play a role in neuronal plasticity, memory and neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Alemany
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Natàlia Vilor-Tejedor
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Bustamante
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Pujol
- MRI Research Unit, Department of Radiology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM G21, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dídac Macià
- MRI Research Unit, Department of Radiology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Raquel Fenoll
- MRI Research Unit, Department of Radiology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Alvárez-Pedrerol
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Forns
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Genes and Environment, Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jordi Júlvez
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Suades-González
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
- Learning Disabilities Unit (UTAE); Neuropediatrics Department, Hospital de Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sabrina Llop
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO−Universitat Jaume I−Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marisa Rebagliato
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO−Universitat Jaume I−Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
- University Jaime I (UJI), Castellón, Spain
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Hydrogen sulfide in pharmacology and medicine – An update. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:647-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Although oxygen (O2)-sensing cells and tissues have been known for decades, the identity of the O2-sensing mechanism has remained elusive. Evidence is accumulating that O2-dependent metabolism of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is this enigmatic O2 sensor. RECENT ADVANCES The elucidation of biochemical pathways involved in H2S synthesis and metabolism have shown that reciprocal H2S/O2 interactions have been inexorably linked throughout eukaryotic evolution; there are multiple foci by which O2 controls H2S inactivation, and the effects of H2S on downstream signaling events are consistent with those activated by hypoxia. H2S-mediated O2 sensing has been demonstrated in a variety of O2-sensing tissues in vertebrate cardiovascular and respiratory systems, including smooth muscle in systemic and respiratory blood vessels and airways, carotid body, adrenal medulla, and other peripheral as well as central chemoreceptors. CRITICAL ISSUES Information is now needed on the intracellular location and stoichometry of these signaling processes and how and which downstream effectors are activated by H2S and its metabolites. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Development of specific inhibitors of H2S metabolism and effector activation as well as cellular organelle-targeted compounds that release H2S in a time- or environmentally controlled way will not only enhance our understanding of this signaling process but also provide direction for future therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R Olson
- Department of Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend , South Bend, India na
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17
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The vertebrate homologue of sulfide-quinone reductase in mammalian mitochondria. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 358:779-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1983-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Hourihan JM, Kenna JG, Hayes JD. The gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide induces nrf2-target genes by inactivating the keap1 ubiquitin ligase substrate adaptor through formation of a disulfide bond between cys-226 and cys-613. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:465-81. [PMID: 23145493 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The signaling molecule hydrogen sulfide (H2S) protects cells against oxidative stress and activates NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a transcription factor that regulates antioxidant genes. We sought to establish whether H2S requires Nrf2 to protect against oxidative stress, and whether activation of Nrf2 by H2S involves antagonism of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 (Keap1), a redox-sensitive ubiquitin ligase substrate adaptor that represses Nrf2 under normal homeostatic conditions. RESULTS H2S stabilizes Nrf2 protein and induces Nrf2-target genes via an antioxidant-/electrophile-response element. In mouse embryonic fibroblasts, the ability of H2S to protect against cell death caused by the redox-cycling agent menadione is dependent on Nrf2. Moreover, Nrf2 regulates murine genes involved in the production of H2S (Cystathionine-beta-synthase [Cbs] and Cystathionine-gamma-lyase [Cse]) and the degradation of H2S (Sulfide:quinone reductase-like [yeast] [Sqrdl]). We found that H2S stabilizes Nrf2 through inhibition of Keap1, an event that requires covalent modification of amino acids C226 and C613 in the substrate adaptor. Upregulation of Nrf2 by H2S partially involves the production of H2O2, which inhibits Keap1 by stimulating the formation of an intramolecular disulfide bond between C226 and C613. The Keap1 C226 and C613 residues are also S-sulfhydrated by H2S, and this may entail reduction of the C226-C613 disulfide bridge formed by H2O2. INNOVATION Upregulation of Nrf2 by H2S and H2O2 involves inactivation of Keap1 through modification of C226 and C613. CONCLUSION Inhibition of Keap1 by H2S leads to Nrf2-mediated induction of cytoprotective genes. Nrf2 controls Cbs, Cse, and Sqrdl, suggesting that a feedback loop exists between Nrf2 and H2S.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Hourihan
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee , Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Kajimura M, Nakanishi T, Takenouchi T, Morikawa T, Hishiki T, Yukutake Y, Suematsu M. Gas biology: tiny molecules controlling metabolic systems. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2012; 184:139-48. [PMID: 22516267 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2012.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It has been recognized that gaseous molecules and their signaling cascades play a vital role in alterations of metabolic systems in physiologic and pathologic conditions. Contrary to this awareness, detailed mechanisms whereby gases exert their actions, in particular in vivo, have been unclear because of several reasons. Gaseous signaling involves diverse reactions with metal centers of metalloproteins and thiol modification of cysteine residues of proteins. Both the multiplicity of gas targets and the technical limitations in accessing local gas concentrations make dissection of exact actions of any gas mediator a challenge. However, a series of advanced technologies now offer ways to explore gas-responsive regulatory processes in vivo. Imaging mass spectrometry combined with quantitative metabolomics by capillary-electrophoresis/mass spectrometry reveals spatio-temporal profiles of many metabolites. Comparing the metabolic footprinting of murine samples with a targeted deletion of a specific gas-producing enzyme makes it possible to determine sites of actions of the gas. In this review, we intend to elaborate on the ideas how small gaseous molecules interact with metabolic systems to control organ functions such as cerebral vascular tone and energy metabolism in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Kajimura
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
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20
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Olson KR. Mitochondrial adaptations to utilize hydrogen sulfide for energy and signaling. J Comp Physiol B 2012; 182:881-97. [PMID: 22430869 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-012-0654-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur is a versatile molecule with oxidation states ranging from -2 to +6. From the beginning, sulfur has been inexorably entwined with the evolution of organisms. Reduced sulfur, prevalent in the prebiotic Earth and supplied from interstellar sources, was an integral component of early life as it could provide energy through oxidization, even in a weakly oxidizing environment, and it spontaneously reacted with iron to form iron-sulfur clusters that became the earliest biological catalysts and structural components of cells. The ability to cycle sulfur between reduced and oxidized states may have been key in the great endosymbiotic event that incorporated a sulfide-oxidizing α-protobacteria into a host sulfide-reducing Archea, resulting in the eukaryotic cell. As eukaryotes slowly adapted from a sulfidic and anoxic (euxinic) world to one that was highly oxidizing, numerous mechanisms developed to deal with increasing oxidants; namely, oxygen, and decreasing sulfide. Because there is rarely any reduced sulfur in the present-day environment, sulfur was historically ignored by biologists, except for an occasional report of sulfide toxicity. Twenty-five years ago, it became evident that the organisms in sulfide-rich environments could synthesize ATP from sulfide, 10 years later came the realization that animals might use sulfide as a signaling molecule, and only within the last 4 years did it become apparent that even mammals could derive energy from sulfide generated in the gastrointestinal tract. It has also become evident that, even in the present-day oxic environment, cells can exploit the redox chemistry of sulfide, most notably as a physiological transducer of oxygen availability. This review will examine how the legacy of sulfide metabolism has shaped natural selection and how some of these ancient biochemical pathways are still employed by modern-day eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R Olson
- Indiana University School of Medicine South Bend, 1234 Notre Dame Avenue, South Bend, IN 46617, USA,
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