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Netrin1 and reelin signaling are required for the migration of anterolateral system neurons in the embryonic spinal cord. Pain 2021; 163:e527-e539. [PMID: 34471084 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Projection neurons of the spinal cord dorsal horn which transmit pain, itch, and temperature information to the brain comprise the anterolateral system (AS). A recent molecular and genetic study showed that many developing AS neurons express the transcription factor Phox2a and provided insights into the mechanisms of their ontogeny and wiring of nociceptive neuronal circuits. Here, we show that the loss of the axonal guidance and neuronal migration signal netrin1 results in impaired migration of mouse Phox2a+ AS neurons into the spinal lamina I. Furthermore, we show that in the absence of Dab1, an intracellular transducer of the neuronal migration signal reelin, the migration of spinal lamina V and lateral spinal nucleus Phox2a+ AS neurons is impaired, in line with deficits in nociception seen in mice with a loss of reelin signaling. Together, these results provide evidence that netrin1 and reelin control the development of spinal nociceptive projection neurons, suggesting a mechanistic explanation for studies that link sequence variations in human genes encoding these neurodevelopmental signals and abnormal pain sensation.
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Roome RB, Bourojeni FB, Mona B, Rastegar-Pouyani S, Blain R, Dumouchel A, Salesse C, Thompson WS, Brookbank M, Gitton Y, Tessarollo L, Goulding M, Johnson JE, Kmita M, Chédotal A, Kania A. Phox2a Defines a Developmental Origin of the Anterolateral System in Mice and Humans. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108425. [PMID: 33238113 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anterolateral system neurons relay pain, itch, and temperature information from the spinal cord to pain-related brain regions, but the differentiation of these neurons and their specific contribution to pain perception remain poorly defined. Here, we show that most mouse spinal neurons that embryonically express the autonomic-system-associated Paired-like homeobox 2A (Phox2a) transcription factor innervate nociceptive brain targets, including the parabrachial nucleus and the thalamus. We define the Phox2a anterolateral system neuron birth order, migration, and differentiation and uncover an essential role for Phox2a in the development of relay of nociceptive signals from the spinal cord to the brain. Finally, we also demonstrate that the molecular identity of Phox2a neurons is conserved in the human fetal spinal cord, arguing that the developmental expression of Phox2a is a prominent feature of anterolateral system neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Brian Roome
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Farin B Bourojeni
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Bishakha Mona
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Shima Rastegar-Pouyani
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Raphael Blain
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris 75012, France
| | - Annie Dumouchel
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Charleen Salesse
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - W Scott Thompson
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Megan Brookbank
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Yorick Gitton
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris 75012, France
| | - Lino Tessarollo
- Neural Development Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Martyn Goulding
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jane E Johnson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Marie Kmita
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B2, Canada
| | - Alain Chédotal
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris 75012, France
| | - Artur Kania
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B2, Canada.
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Yvone GM, Chavez-Martinez CL, Nguyen AR, Wang DJ, Phelps PE. Reelin dorsal horn neurons co-express Lmx1b and are mispositioned in disabled-1 mutant mice. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 52:3322-3338. [PMID: 32492253 PMCID: PMC9451954 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mice missing either Reelin or Disabled-1 (Dab1) exhibit dorsal horn neuronal positioning errors and display heat hypersensitivity and mechanical insensitivity. Reelin binds its receptors, apolipoprotein E receptor 2 and very low-density lipoprotein receptor, leading to the recruitment and phosphorylation of Dab1 and activation of downstream pathways that regulate neuronal migration. Previously, we reported that 70% of Dab1 laminae I-II neurons co-expressed LIM-homeobox transcription factor 1-beta (Lmx1b). Here, we asked whether Reelin-expressing dorsal horn neurons co-express Lmx1b, are mispositioned in dab1 mutants, and contribute to nociceptive abnormalities. About 90% of Reelin-labeled neurons are Lmx1b-positive in laminae I-II, confirming that most Reelin and Dab1 neurons are glutamatergic. We determined that Reelin-Lmx1b and Dab1-Lmx1b dorsal horn neurons are separate populations, and together, comprise 37% of Lmx1b-positive cells within and above the Isolectin B4 (IB4) layer in wild-type mice. Compared to wild-type mice, dab1 mutants have a reduced area of laminae I-II outer (above the IB4 layer), more Reelin-Lmx1b neurons within the IB4 layer, and fewer Reelin-Lmx1b neurons within the lateral reticulated area of lamina V and lateral spinal nucleus. Interestingly, both Reelin- and Dab1-labeled dorsal horn neurons sustain similar positioning errors in mutant mice. After noxious thermal and mechanical stimulation, Reelin, Lmx1b, and Reelin-Lmx1b neurons expressed Fos in laminae I-II and the lateral reticulated area in wild-type mice and, therefore, participate in nociceptive circuits. Together, our data suggest that disruption of the Reelin-signaling pathway results in neuroanatomical abnormalities that contribute to the nociceptive changes that characterize these mutant mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Griselda M Yvone
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Amanda R Nguyen
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Deborah J Wang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Patricia E Phelps
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Alvaro CG, Braz JM, Bernstein M, Hamel KA, Craik V, Yamanaka H, Basbaum AI. Hippocalcin-like 4, a neural calcium sensor, has a limited contribution to pain and itch processing. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0226289. [PMID: 32015563 PMCID: PMC6996964 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium binding proteins are expressed throughout the central and peripheral nervous system and disruption of their activity has major consequences in a wide array of cellular processes, including transmission of nociceptive signals that are processed at the level of the spinal cord. We previously reported that the calcium binding protein, hippocalcin-like 4 (Hpcal4), is heavily expressed in interneurons of the superficial dorsal horn, and that its expression is significantly downregulated in a TR4 mutant mouse model that exhibits major pain and itch deficits due to loss of a subpopulation of excitatory interneurons. That finding suggested that Hpcal4 may be a contributor to the behavioral phenotype of the TR4 mutant mouse. To address this question, here we investigated the behavioral consequences of global deletion of Hpcal4 in a battery of acute and persistent pain and itch tests. Unexpectedly, with the exception of a mild reduction in acute baseline thermal responses, Hpcal4-deficient mice exhibit no major deficits in pain or itch responses, under normal conditions or in the setting of tissue or nerve injury. Taken together, our results indicate that the neural calcium sensor Hpcal4 likely makes a limited contribution to pain and itch processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G. Alvaro
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - João M. Braz
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Mollie Bernstein
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Katherine A. Hamel
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Veronica Craik
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Hiroki Yamanaka
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Allan I. Basbaum
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
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5
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Krzyzanowska A, Cabrerizo M, Clascá F, Ramos-Moreno T. Reelin Immunoreactivity in the Adult Spinal Cord: A Comparative Study in Rodents, Carnivores, and Non-human Primates. Front Neuroanat 2020; 13:102. [PMID: 31969808 PMCID: PMC6960112 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2019.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Reelin is a large extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein secreted by several neuronal populations in a specific manner in both the developing and the adult central nervous system. The extent of Reelin protein distribution and its functional role in the adult neocortex is well documented in different mammal models. However, its role in the adult spinal cord has not been well characterized and its distribution in the rodent spinal cord is fragmentary and has not been investigated in carnivores or primates as of yet. To gain insight into which neuronal populations and specific circuits may be influenced by Reelin in the adult spinal cord, we have conducted light and confocal microscopy study analysis of Reelin-immunoreactive cell types in the adult spinal cord. Here, we describe and compare Reelin immunoreactive cell type and distribution in the spinal cord of adult non-human primate (macaque monkeys, Macaca mulatta), carnivore (ferret, Mustela putorius) and rodent (rat, Rattus norvegicus). Our results show that in all three species studied, Reelin-immunoreactive neurons are present in the intermediate gray matter, ventricular zone and superficial dorsal horn and intermedio-lateral nucleus, while positive cells in the Clarke nucleus are only found in rats and primates. In addition, Reelin intermediolateral neurons colocalize with choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) only in macaque whilst motor neurons also colocalize Reelin and ChAT in macaque, ferret and rat spinal cord. The different expression patterns might reflect a differential role for Reelin in the pathways involved in the coordination of locomotor activity in the fore- and hind limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Krzyzanowska
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Autonoma University, Madrid, Spain.,Division of Urological Cancers, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marina Cabrerizo
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Autonoma University, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Clascá
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Autonoma University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tania Ramos-Moreno
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Autonoma University, Madrid, Spain.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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6
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Wang X, Yvone GM, Cilluffo M, Kim AS, Basbaum AI, Phelps PE. Mispositioned Neurokinin-1 Receptor-Expressing Neurons Underlie Heat Hyperalgesia in Disabled-1 Mutant Mice. eNeuro 2019; 6:ENEURO.0131-19.2019. [PMID: 31122949 PMCID: PMC6584071 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0131-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Reelin (Reln) and Disabled-1 (Dab1) participate in the Reln-signaling pathway and when either is deleted, mutant mice have the same spinally mediated behavioral abnormalities, increased sensitivity to noxious heat and a profound loss in mechanical sensitivity. Both Reln and Dab1 are highly expressed in dorsal horn areas that receive and convey nociceptive information, Laminae I-II, lateral Lamina V, and the lateral spinal nucleus (LSN). Lamina I contains both projection neurons and interneurons that express Neurokinin-1 receptors (NK1Rs) and they transmit information about noxious heat both within the dorsal horn and to the brain. Here, we ask whether the increased heat nociception in Reln and dab1 mutants is due to incorrectly positioned dorsal horn neurons that express NK1Rs. We found more NK1R-expressing neurons in Reln-/- and dab1-/- Laminae I-II than in their respective wild-type mice, and some NK1R neurons co-expressed Dab1 and the transcription factor Lmx1b, confirming their excitatory phenotype. Importantly, heat stimulation in dab1-/- mice induced Fos in incorrectly positioned NK1R neurons in Laminae I-II. Next, we asked whether these ectopically placed and noxious-heat responsive NK1R neurons participated in pain behavior. Ablation of the superficial NK1Rs with an intrathecal injection of a substance P analog conjugated to the toxin saporin (SSP-SAP) eliminated the thermal hypersensitivity of dab1-/- mice, without altering their mechanical insensitivity. These results suggest that ectopically positioned NK1R-expressing neurons underlie the heat hyperalgesia of Reelin-signaling pathway mutants, but do not contribute to their profound mechanical insensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xidao Wang
- Departments of Anatomy and Physiology and W. M. Keck Foundation Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Griselda M Yvone
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology UCLA, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Marianne Cilluffo
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology UCLA, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Ashley S Kim
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology UCLA, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Allan I Basbaum
- Departments of Anatomy and Physiology and W. M. Keck Foundation Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Patricia E Phelps
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology UCLA, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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7
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Yan C, Ti-Jun D, Xin L, Gao C, Shen J, Hong T, Zhi-Xiu M. 5-HT1A Receptors Mediate Analgesia Induced by Emulsified Sevoflurane in Thermal Nociception but Have Little Effect on Chemical Nociception. Pharmacology 2017; 100:25-30. [PMID: 28346918 DOI: 10.1159/000464330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to investigate the relationship between the analgesic effect of sevoflurane and 5-serotonin receptor 1A (5-HT1A R) in the spinal cords of mice. METHODS Analgesic mouse models were established by intraperitoneal injection of emulsified sevoflurane, and the influence of p-MPPF (a specific antagonist of 5-HT1A Rs) intrathecal injection on the changes in tail-flick latency in tail-withdrawal test, pain threshold in hot-plate test (HPPT), and writhing times in acetic acid-induced writhing test were recorded. RESULTS Intraperitoneal injection of emulsified sevoflurane alone produced an analgesic effect (p < 0.05). p-MPPF (2, 4, and 8 μg) alone had no impact on tail-flick latency, HPPT, and writhing times in mice (p > 0.05). The 3 doses of p-MPPF reduced the tail-flick latency or HPPT. p-MPPF 8 μg can increase the writhing times (p < 0.05) in analgesic mice with sevoflurane, while p-MPPF 2 and 4 μg did not affect the writhing times. CONCLUSION 5-HT1A Rs in the spinal cord may be an important target for the analgesic effect of sevoflurane on the thermal nociception, but it has little relation to the anti-chemical chemical nociceptive effect of sevoflurane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yan
- The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
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8
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Yvone GM, Zhao-Fleming HH, Udeochu JC, Chavez-Martinez CL, Wang A, Hirose-Ikeda M, Phelps PE. Disabled-1 dorsal horn spinal cord neurons co-express Lmx1b and function in nociceptive circuits. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 45:733-747. [PMID: 28083884 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The Reelin-signaling pathway is essential for correct neuronal positioning within the central nervous system. Mutant mice with a deletion of Reelin, its lipoprotein receptors, or its intracellular adaptor protein Disabled-1 (Dab1), exhibit nociceptive abnormalities: thermal (heat) hyperalgesia and reduced mechanical sensitivity. To determine dorsal horn alterations associated with these nociceptive abnormalities, we first characterized the correctly positioned Dab1 neurons in wild-type and mispositioned neurons in Reelin-signaling pathway mutant lumbar spinal cord. Using immunofluorescence, we found that 70% of the numerous Dab1 neurons in Reln+/+ laminae I-II and 67% of those in the lateral reticulated area and lateral spinal nucleus (LSN) co-express the LIM-homeobox transcription factor 1 beta (Lmx1b), an excitatory glutamatergic neuron marker. Evidence of Dab1- and Dab1-Lmx1b neuronal positioning errors was found within the isolectin B4 terminal region of Reln-/- lamina IIinner and in the lateral reticulated area and LSN, where about 50% of the Dab1-Lmx1b neurons are missing. Importantly, Dab1-Lmx1b neurons in laminae I-II and the lateral reticulated area express Fos after noxious thermal or mechanical stimulation and thus participate in these circuits. In another pain relevant locus - the lateral cervical nucleus (LCN), we also found about a 50% loss of Dab1-Lmx1b neurons in Reln-/- mice. We suggest that extensively mispositioned Dab1 projection neurons in the lateral reticulated area, LSN, and LCN and the more subtle positioning errors of Dab1 interneurons in laminae I-II contribute to the abnormalities in pain responses found in Reelin-signaling pathway mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Griselda M Yvone
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA, Terasaki Life Sciences Building, 610 Charles Young Dr. E, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7239, USA
| | - Hannah H Zhao-Fleming
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA, Terasaki Life Sciences Building, 610 Charles Young Dr. E, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7239, USA
| | - Joe C Udeochu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA, Terasaki Life Sciences Building, 610 Charles Young Dr. E, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7239, USA
| | - Carmine L Chavez-Martinez
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA, Terasaki Life Sciences Building, 610 Charles Young Dr. E, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7239, USA
| | - Austin Wang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA, Terasaki Life Sciences Building, 610 Charles Young Dr. E, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7239, USA
| | - Megumi Hirose-Ikeda
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA, Terasaki Life Sciences Building, 610 Charles Young Dr. E, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7239, USA
| | - Patricia E Phelps
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA, Terasaki Life Sciences Building, 610 Charles Young Dr. E, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7239, USA
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9
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Hoxb8 intersection defines a role for Lmx1b in excitatory dorsal horn neuron development, spinofugal connectivity, and nociception. J Neurosci 2015; 35:5233-46. [PMID: 25834049 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4690-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord neurons respond to peripheral noxious stimuli and relay this information to higher brain centers, but the molecules controlling the assembly of such pathways are poorly known. In this study, we use the intersection of Lmx1b and Hoxb8::Cre expression in the spinal cord to genetically define nociceptive circuits. Specifically, we show that Lmx1b, previously shown to be expressed in glutamatergic dorsal horn neurons and critical for dorsal horn development, is expressed in nociceptive dorsal horn neurons and that its deletion results in the specific loss of excitatory dorsal horn neurons by apoptosis, without any effect on inhibitory neuron numbers. To assess the behavioral consequences of Lmx1b deletion in the spinal cord, we used the brain-sparing driver Hoxb8::Cre. We show that such a deletion of Lmxb1 leads to a robust reduction in sensitivity to mechanical and thermal noxious stimulation. Furthermore, such conditional mutant mice show a loss of a subpopulation of glutamatergic dorsal horn neurons, abnormal sensory afferent innervations, and reduced spinofugal innervation of the parabrachial nucleus and the periaqueductal gray, important nociceptive structures. Together, our results demonstrate an important role for the intersection of Lmx1b and Hoxb8::cre expression in the development of nociceptive dorsal horn circuits critical for mechanical and thermal pain processing.
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11
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Yu D, Fan W, Wu P, Deng J, Liu J, Niu Y, Li M, Deng J. Characterization of hippocampal Cajal-Retzius cells during development in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (Tg2576). Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:394-401. [PMID: 25206826 PMCID: PMC4146192 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.128243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cajal-Retzius cells are reelin-secreting neurons in the marginal zone of the neocortex and hippocampus. The aim of this study was to investigate Cajal-Retzius cells in Alzheimer's disease pathology. Results revealed that the number of Cajal-Retzius cells markedly reduced with age in both wild type and in mice over-expressing the Swedish double mutant form of amyloid precursor protein 695 (transgenic (Tg) 2576 mice). Numerous reelin-positive neurons were positive for activated caspase 3 in Tg2576 mice, suggesting that Cajal-Retzius neuronal loss occurred via apoptosis in this Alzheimer's disease model. Compared with wild type, the number of Cajal-Retzius cells was significantly lower in Tg2576 mice. Western blot analysis confirmed that reelin levels were markedly lower in Tg2576 mice than in wild-type mice. The decline in Cajal-Retzius cells in Tg2576 mice was found to occur concomitantly with the onset of Alzheimer's disease amyloid pathology and related behavioral deficits. Overall, these data indicated that Cajal-Retzius cell loss occurred with the onset and development of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongming Yu
- Institute of Neurobiology, School of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Wenjuan Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Luohe Medical College, Luohe, Henan Province, China
| | - Ping Wu
- Institute of Neurobiology, School of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Jiexin Deng
- Institute of Neurobiology, School of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Institute of Neurobiology, School of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Yanli Niu
- Institute of Neurobiology, School of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Mingshan Li
- Institute of Neurobiology, School of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Jinbo Deng
- Institute of Neurobiology, School of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
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12
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Kania A. Spinal motor neuron migration and the significance of topographic organization in the nervous system. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 800:133-48. [PMID: 24243104 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-7687-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The nervous system displays a high degree of topographic organisation such that neuronal soma position is closely correlated to axonal trajectory. One example of such order is the myotopic organisation of the motor system where spinal motor neuron position parallels that of target muscles. This chapter will discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying motor neuron soma positioning, which include transcriptional control of Reelin signaling and cadherin expression. As the same transcription factors have been shown to control motor axon innervation of target muscles, a simple mechanism of topographic organisation specification is becoming evident raising the question of how coordinating soma position with axon trajectory might be important for nervous system wiring and its function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Kania
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), 110, ave. des Pins Ouest, Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada,
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13
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Li A, Sun Y, Dou C, Chen J, Zhang J. Lysine-specific demethylase 1 expression in zebrafish during the early stages of neuronal development. Neural Regen Res 2012; 7:2719-26. [PMID: 25337119 PMCID: PMC4200741 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.34.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (Lsd1) is associated with transcriptional coregulation via the modulation of histone methylation. The expression pattern and function of zebrafish Lsd1 has not, however, been studied. Here, we describe the pattern of zebrafish Lsd1 expression during different development stages. In the zebrafish embryo, lsd1 mRNA was present during the early cleavage stage, indicating that maternally derived Lsd1 protein is involved in embryonic patterning. During embryogenesis from 0 to 48 hours post-fertilization (hpf), the expression of lsd1 mRNA in the embryo was ubiquitous before 12 hpf and then became restricted to the anterior of the embryo (particularly in the brain) from 24 hpf to 72 hpf. Inhibition of Lsd1 activity (by exposure to tranylcypromine) or knockdown of lsd1 expression (by morpholino antisense oligonucleotide injection) led to the loss of cells in the brain and to a dramatic downregulation of neural genes, including gad65, gad75, and reelin, but not hey1. These findings indicate an important role of Lsd1 during nervous system development in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihong Li
- Department of Internal Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Combined with Medication, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Changming Dou
- Anhui Academy of Environmental Sciences, Hefei 230061, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jixian Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu Province, China
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