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Xu M, Du Y, Hou X, Zhang Z, Yan N. Chemical structures, biosynthesis, bioactivities, and utilisation values for the diterpenes produced in tobacco trichomes. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 223:114117. [PMID: 38697243 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Cembranoids and labdanes are two important types of diterpenes in tobacco (Nicotiana genus) that are predominantly found in the leaf and flower glandular trichome secretions. This is the first systematic review of the biosynthesis, chemical structures, bioactivities, and utilisation values of cembranoid and labdane diterpenes in tobacco. A total of 131 natural cembranoid diterpenes have been reported in tobacco since 1962; these were summarised and classified according to their chemical structure characteristics as isopropyl cembranoids (1-88), seco-cembranoids (89-103), chain cembranoids (104-123), and polycyclic cembranoids (124-131). Forty natural labdane diterpenes reported since 1961 were also summarised and divided into epoxy side chain labdanes (132-150) and epoxy-free side chain labdanes (151-171). Tobacco cembranoid and labdane diterpenes are both formed via the methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway and are synthesised from geranylgeranyl diphosphate. Their biosynthetic pathways and the four key enzymes (cembratrienol synthase, cytochrome P450 hydroxylase, copalyl diphosphate synthase, and Z-abienol cyclase) that affect their biosynthesis have been described in detail. A systematic summary of the bioactivity and utilisation values of the cembranoid and labdane diterpenes is also provided. The agricultural bioactivities associated with cembranoid and labdane diterpenes include antimicrobial and insecticidal activities as well as induced resistance, while the medical bioactivities include cytotoxic and neuroprotective activities. Further research into the cembranoid and labdane diterpenes will help to promote their development and utilisation as plant-derived pesticides and medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglei Xu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yongmei Du
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
| | - Xiaodong Hou
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Zhongfeng Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Ning Yan
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
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Du Z, Tian T, Gao Y, Guan J, Ju F, Bian S, Wang J, Lin X, Wang B, Liao Z, Du Y, Zhang Z, Zhang H. Investigating the spatiotemporal expression of CBTS genes lead to the discovery of tobacco root as a cembranoid-producing organ. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1341324. [PMID: 38872887 PMCID: PMC11169922 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1341324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Tobacco cembranoids, known for their anti-insect and antifungal properties, were shown to be mainly present on the surface of leaves and flowers, being biosynthesized by their trichomes. It remains unclear whether they could be biosynthesized in other organs without trichomes. Cembratrien-ol synthases (CBTSs) catalyze the conversion of GGPP to CBT-ols and thus play an important role in cembranoid biosynthesis. This study identified the CBTS family genes in tobacco and examined their spatiotemporal expression patterns. The CBTS genes showed diverse expression patterns in tobacco organs, with the majority highly expressed in leaves and a few highly expressed in flowers. The expression of CBTS genes were also correlated with the development of tobacco plants, and most of them showed the highest expression level at the budding stage. Furthermore, their expression is mediated by the JA (jasmonate) signaling in all tobacco organs. Several CBTS genes were found to be highly expressed in tobacco roots that have no trichomes, which prompted us to determine the cembranoid production in roots and other organs. GC-MS and UPLC assays revealed that cembranoids were produced in all tobacco organs, which was supported by the bioactivity assay results that almost all these CBTS enzymes could catalyze CBT-ol biosyntheis in yeast, and that the content ratio of CBT-ols and CBT-diols in tobacco roots was different to that in leaves. This work sheds insights into the expression profiles of tobacco CBTS genes and provides a feasibility to engineer tobacco roots for industrial production of cembranoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaifeng Du
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yulong Gao
- Tobacco Breeding and Biotechnology Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jian Guan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Fuzhu Ju
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Shiquan Bian
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiahao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoyang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Bingwu Wang
- Tobacco Breeding and Biotechnology Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Zhihua Liao
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongmei Du
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhongfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
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Zhang W, Pan X, Fu J, Cheng W, Lin H, Zhang W, Huang Z. Phytochemicals derived from Nicotiana tabacum L. plant contribute to pharmaceutical development. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1372456. [PMID: 38681197 PMCID: PMC11045950 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1372456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The Nicotiana tabacum L. plant, a medicinal resource, holds significant potential for benefiting human health, as evidenced by its use in Native American and ancient Chinese cultures. Modern medical and pharmaceutical studies have investigated that the abundant and distinctive function metabolites in tobacco including nicotine, solanesol, cembranoid diterpenes, essential oil, seed oil and other tobacco extracts, avoiding the toxic components of smoke, mainly have the anti-oxidation, anti-lipid production, pro-lipid oxidation, pro-insulin sensitivity, anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis and antimicrobial activities. They showed potential pharmaceutical value mainly as supplements or substitutes for treating neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, inflammatory diseases including colitis, arthritis, sepsis, multiple sclerosis, and myocarditis, and metabolic syndrome including Obesity and fatty liver. This review comprehensively presents the research status and the molecular mechanisms of tobacco and its metabolites basing on almost all the English and Chinese literature in recent 20 years in the field of medicine and pharmacology. This review serves as a foundation for future research on the medicinal potential of tobacco plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenji Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tobacco Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement of Guangdong Province, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tobacco Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement of Guangdong Province, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Fu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenli Cheng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenrui Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tobacco Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement of Guangdong Province, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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4
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Rivera-García LG, Francis-Malavé AM, Castillo ZW, Uong CD, Wilson TD, Ferchmin PA, Eterovic V, Burton MD, Carrasquillo Y. Anti-hyperalgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of 4R-tobacco cembranoid in a mouse model of inflammatory pain. J Inflamm (Lond) 2024; 21:2. [PMID: 38267952 PMCID: PMC10809744 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-023-00373-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
4R is a tobacco cembranoid that binds to and modulates cholinergic receptors and exhibits neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activity. Given the established function of the cholinergic system in pain and inflammation, we propose that 4R is also analgesic. Here, we tested the hypothesis that systemic 4R treatment decreases pain-related behaviors and peripheral inflammation via modulation of the alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7 nAChRs) in a mouse model of inflammatory pain. We elicited inflammation by injecting Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) into the hind paw of male and female mice. We then assessed inflammation-induced hypersensitivity to cold, heat, and tactile stimulation using the Acetone, Hargreaves, and von Frey tests, respectively, before and at different time points (2.5 h - 8d) after a single systemic 4R (or vehicle) administration. We evaluated the contribution of α7 nAChRs 4R-mediated analgesia by pre-treating mice with a selective antagonist of α7 nAChRs followed by 4R (or vehicle) administration prior to behavioral tests. We assessed CFA-induced paw edema and inflammation by measuring paw thickness and quantifying immune cell infiltration in the injected hind paw using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Lastly, we performed immunohistochemical and flow cytometric analyses of paw skin in α7 nAChR-cre::Ai9 mice to measure the expression of α7 nAChRs on immune subsets. Our experiments show that systemic administration of 4R decreases inflammation-induced peripheral hypersensitivity in male and female mice and inflammation-induced paw edema in male but not female mice. Notably, 4R-mediated analgesia and anti-inflammatory effects lasted up to 8d after a single systemic administration on day 1. Pretreatment with an α7 nAChR-selective antagonist prevented 4R-mediated analgesia and anti-inflammatory effects, demonstrating that 4R effects are via modulation of α7 nAChRs. We further show that a subset of immune cells in the hind paw expresses α7 nAChRs. However, the number of α7 nAChR-expressing immune cells is unaltered by CFA or 4R treatment, suggesting that 4R effects are independent of α7 nAChR-expressing immune cells. Together, our findings identify a novel function of the 4R tobacco cembranoid as an analgesic agent in both male and female mice that reduces peripheral inflammation in a sex-dependent manner, further supporting the pharmacological targeting of the cholinergic system for pain treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis G Rivera-García
- Division of Intramural Research National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, 35 Convent Drive, Building 35A / Room 1E-410, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Universidad Central Del Caribe School of Medicine, Bayamon, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Adela M Francis-Malavé
- Division of Intramural Research National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, 35 Convent Drive, Building 35A / Room 1E-410, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Zachary W Castillo
- Neuroimmunology and Behavior Group, Department of Neuroscience, Center for Advanced Pain Studies (CAPS), School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas, Dallas, USA
| | - Calvin D Uong
- Neuroimmunology and Behavior Group, Department of Neuroscience, Center for Advanced Pain Studies (CAPS), School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas, Dallas, USA
| | - Torri D Wilson
- Division of Intramural Research National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, 35 Convent Drive, Building 35A / Room 1E-410, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - P A Ferchmin
- Department of Neuroscience, Universidad Central Del Caribe School of Medicine, Bayamon, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Vesna Eterovic
- Department of Neuroscience, Universidad Central Del Caribe School of Medicine, Bayamon, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Michael D Burton
- Neuroimmunology and Behavior Group, Department of Neuroscience, Center for Advanced Pain Studies (CAPS), School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas, Dallas, USA
| | - Yarimar Carrasquillo
- Division of Intramural Research National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, 35 Convent Drive, Building 35A / Room 1E-410, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
- National Institute On Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 35 Convent Drive, Building 35A / Room 1E-410, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Sabeva N, Castro W, Acosta YF, Ferchmin PA, Eterović VA, Sierra-Mercado D, Rios NP, Rivas-Tumanyan S, Martins AH. Determining the safety of the tobacco cembranoid (1S,2E,4R,6R,7E,11E)-Cembratriene-4,6-diol (4R): A translational study in nonhuman primates. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 482:116772. [PMID: 38036230 PMCID: PMC10872440 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The tobacco cembranoid known as (1S,2E,4R,6R,7E,11E)-2,7,11-cembratriene-4,6-diol (4R) has been shown to offer neuroprotection against conditions such as brain ischemia, systemic inflammation, Parkinson's disease, and organophosphate toxicity in rodents. Previous safety studies conducted on male and female Sprague Dawley rats revealed no significant side effects following a single injection of 4R at varying concentrations (6, 24, or 98 mg/kg of body weight). This study aimed to assess the potential of 4R for clinical trials in neurotherapy in male nonhuman primates. Ten macaques (Macacca mulatta) were randomly separated into two groups of 5 and then intravenously injected with 4R or vehicle for 11 consecutive days at a dose of 1.4 mg/kg. Throughout the study, we monitored brain activity by electroencephalogram, somatosensory evoked potentials, and transcranial motor evoked potentials on days 0, 4, 8, and 12 and found no significant changes. The spontaneous behavior of the primates remained unaffected by the treatment. Minor hematological and blood composition variations were also detected in the experimental animals but lacked clinical significance. In conclusion, our results reinforce the notion that 4R is non-toxic in nonhuman primates under the conditions of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda Sabeva
- Department of Neurosciences, Universidad Central del Caribe, School of Medicine, Bayamón, PR 00956, USA
| | | | - Yancy Ferrer Acosta
- Department of Neurosciences, Universidad Central del Caribe, School of Medicine, Bayamón, PR 00956, USA; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, Guillermo Arbona, Área de Centro Médico Río Piedras, PR 00935, USA.
| | | | | | - Demetrio Sierra-Mercado
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, Guillermo Arbona, Área de Centro Médico Río Piedras, PR 00935, USA.
| | - Naydi Pérez Rios
- Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Research Design Core, Hispanic Alliance for Clinical and Translational Research, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, Área de Centro Médico Río Piedras, PR 00935, USA.
| | - Sona Rivas-Tumanyan
- Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Research Design Core, Hispanic Alliance for Clinical and Translational Research, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, Área de Centro Médico Río Piedras, PR 00935, USA; Office of Assistant Dean for Research and Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, Área de Centro Médico Río Piedras, PR 00935, USA.
| | - Antonio H Martins
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, Guillermo Arbona, Área de Centro Médico Río Piedras, PR 00935, USA.
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Zhang H, Xu H, Xu M, Yan X, Wang Z, Yu J, Lei B, Cui H. Transcription factors NtHD9 and NtHD12 control long glandular trichome formation via jasmonate signaling. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:2385-2399. [PMID: 36617228 PMCID: PMC10069880 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Glandular trichomes are universal epidermal structures that produce abundant specialized metabolites. However, knowledge of the initiation of glandular heads in glandular trichomes is limited. Herein, we found an intrinsic link of morphogenesis between glandular trichomes and non-glandular trichomes. Two novel homeodomain leucine zipper II members in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), NtHD9 and NtHD12, played important roles in long glandular trichome formation: NtHD9 was responsible for glandular head formation, while NtHD12 simultaneously controlled the formation of stalks and glandular heads. DAP-seq analysis suggested that NtHD9 can bind to the KKGCATTWAWTR motif of the cytochromes P450 94C1 (NtCYP94C1) promoter, which is involved in jasmonoyl-isoleucine oxidation. RNA-seq analysis of non-transformed tobacco and nthd9 plants revealed that NtHD9 modulates the expression of jasmonate (JA) signaling- and six trichome development-related genes. Notably, MeJA treatment restored the morphogenesis of long glandular trichomes in nthd9 and nthd12 plants, and the size of glandular heads increased with increasing MeJA concentration. However, the phenotype of long glandular trichome absence in double mutants of NtHD9 and NtHD12 could not be restored by MeJA. Our data demonstrate that NtHD9 and NtHD12 have distinct major functions yet overlapping roles in long glandular trichome formation via JA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Hanchi Xu
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Mengxiao Xu
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yan
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Molecular Genetics Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Bo Lei
- Molecular Genetics Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Hong Cui
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Ferrer-Acosta Y, Rodriguez-Massó S, Pérez D, Eterovic VA, Ferchmin PA, Martins AH. Memantine has a nicotinic neuroprotective pathway in acute hippocampal slices after an NMDA insult. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 84:105453. [PMID: 35944748 PMCID: PMC10026604 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Memantine is a non-competitive antagonist with a moderate affinity to the N-methyl-d-Aspartate (NMDA) receptor. The present study assessed memantine's neuroprotective activity using electrophysiology of ex-vivo hippocampal slices. Interestingly, a nicotinic component was necessary for memantine's neuroprotection (NP). Memantine demonstrated a bell-shaped dose-response curve of NP against NMDA. Memantine was neuroprotective at concentrations below 3 μM, but the NP declined at higher concentrations (>3 μM) when memantine inhibits the NMDA receptor. Additional evidence that memantine NP is mediated by an alternate mechanism independent of the inhibition of the NMDA receptor is supported by its ability to protect neurons when applied before or after the NMDA insult and in the presence of D(-)-2-Amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (APV), the standard NMDA receptor inhibitor. We found several similarities between the memantine NP mechanism and the neuroprotective nicotinic drug, the 4R cembranoid. Memantine's NP requires the release of acetylcholine, the activation of α4β2, and is independent of MEK/MAPK signaling. Both 4R and memantine require the activation of PI3K/AKT for NP against NMDA-mediated excitotoxicity, although at different concentrations. In conclusion, our studies show memantine is neuroprotective through a nicotinic pathway, similar to the nicotinic drug 4R. This information leads to a better understanding of memantine's mechanisms of action and explains its dose-dependent effectiveness in Alzheimer's and other neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yancy Ferrer-Acosta
- Department of Neuroscience, Universidad Central del Caribe, Laurel Avenue 2U6, Lomas Verdes, Bayamón 00956, Puerto Rico.
| | - Sergio Rodriguez-Massó
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, Los Paseos Avenue, Guillermo Arbona Building, San Juan 00935, Puerto Rico.
| | - Dinely Pérez
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central del Caribe Laurel Avenue, #100, Santa Juanita, Bayamón 00956, Puerto Rico
| | - Vesna A Eterovic
- Neuroprotection for Life, 480 E Village Dr., Carmel, IN 46032, USA
| | - P A Ferchmin
- Neuroprotection for Life, 480 E Village Dr., Carmel, IN 46032, USA
| | - Antonio Henrique Martins
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, Los Paseos Avenue, Guillermo Arbona Building, San Juan 00935, Puerto Rico.
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Song Z, Wang P, Chen X, Peng Y, Cai B, Song J, Yin G, Jia S, Zhang H. Melatonin alleviates cadmium toxicity and abiotic stress by promoting glandular trichome development and antioxidant capacity in Nicotiana tabacum. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 236:113437. [PMID: 35367878 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is a well-known signaling molecule that mediates a range of physiological activities and various stress reactions in plants. We comprehensively tested the effect of melatonin on the development of root hairs and glandular trichomes and found that melatonin pretreatment of tobacco seeds significantly increased the length of root hairs. Furthermore, melatonin-treated tobacco exhibited significantly higher density of trichomes and larger glandular heads on long-stalk glandular trichomes than untreated plants, which resulted in enhanced secretion in glandular trichomes. Exogenous melatonin enhanced the aphid resistance of plants by facilitating the accumulation of cembranoids in the glandular trichomes and alleviated cadmium toxicity by increasing the Cd-exudation capacity of long glandular trichomes. Metabolic analysis indicated that the contents of 108 metabolites significantly changed upon melatonin treatment, with the contents of those that are directly/indirectly involved in melatonin metabolism changing the most. Further, KEGG pathway analysis suggested that the metabolic pathways of amino acids, reducing sugar, secondary metabolites, indole alkaloid biosynthesis, purine, pyrimidine, and ABC transporters were greatly influenced by exogenous melatonin application. Moreover, metabolisms of melatonin-related antioxidants and pyrimidine nucleoside antibiotics were enhanced after melatonin treatment. Melatonin improved tobacco resistance to high salinity, drought, and extreme temperature stresses, as indicated by improved photosynthetic and antioxidant capacities in treated vs. untreated plants. This study lays a foundation for the comprehensive application of melatonin to increase the stress tolerance of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaopeng Song
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co. Ltd., Zhengzhou 450016, China
| | - Yufu Peng
- China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co. Ltd., Zhengzhou 450016, China
| | - Bin Cai
- Hainan Province Company, China National Tobacco Corporation, Haikou 571100, China
| | - Jiangyu Song
- Fujian Province Nanping Branch Company, China National Tobacco Corporation, Nanping 350003, China
| | - Guangting Yin
- China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co. Ltd., Zhengzhou 450016, China
| | - Shiwei Jia
- China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co. Ltd., Zhengzhou 450016, China
| | - Hongying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
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Huang S, Yang C, Ma N, Zhou L, Jia C, Wei T, Mao D. Py-GC–MS Investigation of Pyrolysis Behaviors and Decomposition Products of α- and β-2,7,11-cembratriene-4,6-diols. LCGC NORTH AMERICA 2022. [DOI: 10.56530/lcgc.na.ib7186p8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Py-GC–MS Investigation of Pyrolysis Behaviors and Decomposition Products of α- and β-2,7,11-cembratriene-4,6-diols
May 1, 2022
Shen Huang, Chen Yang, Ning Ma, Lifeng Zhou, Chunxiao Jia, Tao Wei, Duobin Mao
LCGC North America, May 2022, Volume 40, Issue 5
Pages: 223–228
To study the thermal stability of cembratriene, α- and β-2, 7, 11-cembratriene-4, 6-diols (α- and β-CBT) were isolated from tobacco leaves. Thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermogravimetric (DTG) analyses were used to evaluate the cleavage differences between the two compounds. The TGA results showed the peak temperatures (Tp) were 263.3 °C and 254.1 °C with the largest weight loss rate; the significant weight losses were 90.96% and 99.45%. Pyrolysis gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (Py-GC–MS) was employed for the pyrolysis products at different temperatures (300, 600, and 900 °C) under either N2 or an O2:N2 (10%:90%) mixture. The results showed that the major pyrolysates from α- and β-CBT were simple hydrocarbons, such as toluene, 1, 4-pentadiene, and p-xylene, as well as several important flavor compounds, such as 2-methylfuran, benzaldehyde, and 4-methylbenzaldehyde. More pyrolysis products were obtained at higher temperatures, and almost all of the harmful aromatic ingredients were produced at 900 °C. Importantly, solanone, a significant flavor component, was only obtained from the pyrolysis of α-CBT under 10% O2 in N2 at both 600 and 900 °C. The number of the pyrolysates changed with the change in pyrolysis temperature and the presence of oxygen. The study of the thermal behavior and pyrolysis products of these terpenoids could possibly suggest flavor precursors that could be used to provide specific flavors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chen Yang
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry
| | - Ning Ma
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry
| | | | | | - Tao Wei
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry
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In Vivo Evaluation of the Acute Systemic Toxicity of (1S,2E,4R,6R,7E,11E)-Cembratriene-4,6-diol (4R) in Sprague Dawley Rats. NUTRACEUTICALS 2022; 2:60-70. [PMID: 35855209 PMCID: PMC9291268 DOI: 10.3390/nutraceuticals2020005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The tobacco cembranoid (1S,2E,4R,6R,7E,11E)-2,7,11-cembratriene-4,6-diol (4R) interacts with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, which results in neuroprotection against organophosphate toxicity, brain ischemia, and Parkinson’s disease. The present study is a continuation of our previous research in which we applied a single dose of 4R 1 h before or 24 h after exposure to diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) (analog of the nerve agent sarin). The 4R dose robustly decreased neuroinflammation and neuronal death at both timepoints. Here, we investigated the toxicity of a single dose of 4R in male and female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats after a subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of 6, 24, or 98 mg/kg. Body weight was not affected by 4R during the 7-day observation period. No histopathologic changes in the organs were attributed to 4R. Minor hematological and blood composition variations were detected on Day 3 in the mid- and the high-dose males, but these were resolved by Day 8. At the area of the s.c. injection site, alopecia and dry skin were detected in both the 4R-treated males and females and in the female controls.
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Mudhish EA, Siddique AB, Ebrahim HY, Abdelwahed KS, King JA, El Sayed KA. The Tobacco β-Cembrenediol: A Prostate Cancer Recurrence Suppressor Lead and Prospective Scaffold via Modulation of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase and Tryptophan Dioxygenase. Nutrients 2022; 14:1505. [PMID: 35406118 PMCID: PMC9003379 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is the second leading cause of death in men in the US. PC has a high recurrence rate, and limited therapeutic options are available to prevent disease recurrence. The tryptophan-degrading enzymes 2,3-indoleamine dioxygenase (IDO1) and tryptophan dioxygenase (TDO2) are upregulated in invasive PC. (1S,2E,4R,6R,7E,11E)-2,7,11-cembratriene-4,6-diol (β-CBT) and its C-4 epimer α-CBT are the precursors to key flavor ingredients in tobacco leaves. Nearly 40-60% of β- and α-CBT are purposely degraded during commercial tobacco fermentation. Earlier, β-CBT inhibited invasion, reversed calcitonin-stimulated transepithelial resistance decrease, and induced tighter intercellular barriers in PC-3M cells. This study demonstrates the in vitro β-CBT anti-migratory (wound-healing assay) and anti-clonogenicity (colony-formation assay) activities against five diverse human PC cell lines, including the androgen-independent PC-3, PC-3M, and DU-145, the castration-recurrent CWR-R1ca, and the androgen-dependent CWR-22rv1. Meanwhile, β-CBT potently suppressed in vivo locoregional and distant recurrences after the primary tumor surgical excision of PC-3M-Luc cell tumor engrafted in male nude mice. β-CBT treatments suppressed organ and bone metastasis and lacked any major toxicity over the 60-day study course. β-CBT treatments significantly suppressed IDO1, TDO2, and their final metabolite kynurenine levels in PC-3M cells. β-CBT treatments significantly suppressed the tumor recurrence marker PSA and kynurenine levels in treated animals' plasma. β-CBT emerges as a promising PC recurrence suppressive lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethar A. Mudhish
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 1800 Bienville Drive, Monroe, LA 71201, USA; (E.A.M.); (A.B.S.); (H.Y.E.); (K.S.A.)
| | - Abu Bakar Siddique
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 1800 Bienville Drive, Monroe, LA 71201, USA; (E.A.M.); (A.B.S.); (H.Y.E.); (K.S.A.)
| | - Hassan Y. Ebrahim
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 1800 Bienville Drive, Monroe, LA 71201, USA; (E.A.M.); (A.B.S.); (H.Y.E.); (K.S.A.)
| | - Khaldoun S. Abdelwahed
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 1800 Bienville Drive, Monroe, LA 71201, USA; (E.A.M.); (A.B.S.); (H.Y.E.); (K.S.A.)
| | - Judy Ann King
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, LSU Health Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA;
| | - Khalid A. El Sayed
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 1800 Bienville Drive, Monroe, LA 71201, USA; (E.A.M.); (A.B.S.); (H.Y.E.); (K.S.A.)
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12
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4R-cembranoid protects neuronal cells from oxygen-glucose deprivation by modulating microglial cell activation. Brain Res Bull 2022; 179:74-82. [PMID: 34942325 PMCID: PMC8849140 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
As major immune responsive cells in the central nervous system (CNS), activated microglia can present pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype aggravating the neuronal injury or anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype providing neuroprotection and promoting neuronal survival in neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we demonstrated that a compound, 4R-cembranoid (4R, 1S, 2E, 4R, 6R,-7E, 11E-2, 7, 11-cembratriene-4, 6-diol cembranoids) promoted M2 phenotype while attenuated M1 phenotype in N9 cells, a microglial cell line. Following Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) or Oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) treatment, the N9 cells treated by 1 µM 4R showed an increased Arginase-1 (Arg1, a M2 marker) expression and a reduced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS, M1 marker) expression. In addition, the conditioned medium of 4R-treated post-OGD N9 cells protected neuro2a cells, a neuronal cell line, from OGD-induced injury. The viability of neuro2a cells in OGD condition was increased by 54.5% after treated with the conditioned medium of 4R-treated post-OGD N9 cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated the protective mechanism of 4R was associated with a decreased TNF-α release and an increased IL-10 release from N9 cells. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that the neuroprotective effects of 4R were through the regulation of microglial activation by promoting the protective M2 activation and inhibiting the damaging M1 activation. Therefore, the findings of this study suggest that 4R could be a promising lead structure for the development of drugs for the treatment of ischemic stroke and other neurodegenerative diseases with an inflammatory component involved.
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Neuroprotective Phytochemicals in Experimental Ischemic Stroke: Mechanisms and Potential Clinical Applications. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6687386. [PMID: 34007405 PMCID: PMC8102108 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6687386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a challenging disease with high mortality and disability rates, causing a great economic and social burden worldwide. During ischemic stroke, ionic imbalance and excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation are developed in a relatively certain order, which then activate the cell death pathways directly or indirectly via the promotion of organelle dysfunction. Neuroprotection, a therapy that is aimed at inhibiting this damaging cascade, is therefore an important therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke. Notably, phytochemicals showed great neuroprotective potential in preclinical research via various strategies including modulation of calcium levels and antiexcitotoxicity, antioxidation, anti-inflammation and BBB protection, mitochondrial protection and antiapoptosis, autophagy/mitophagy regulation, and regulation of neurotrophin release. In this review, we summarize the research works that report the neuroprotective activity of phytochemicals in the past 10 years and discuss the neuroprotective mechanisms and potential clinical applications of 148 phytochemicals that belong to the categories of flavonoids, stilbenoids, other phenols, terpenoids, and alkaloids. Among them, scutellarin, pinocembrin, puerarin, hydroxysafflor yellow A, salvianolic acids, rosmarinic acid, borneol, bilobalide, ginkgolides, ginsenoside Rd, and vinpocetine show great potential in clinical ischemic stroke treatment. This review will serve as a powerful reference for the screening of phytochemicals with potential clinical applications in ischemic stroke or the synthesis of new neuroprotective agents that take phytochemicals as leading compounds.
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Rojas-Colón LA, Dash PK, Morales-Vías FA, Lebrón-Dávila M, Ferchmin PA, Redell JB, Maldonado-Martínez G, Vélez-Torres WI. 4R-cembranoid confers neuroprotection against LPS-induced hippocampal inflammation in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:95. [PMID: 33874954 PMCID: PMC8054431 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02136-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic brain inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases and disorders. For example, overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines has been associated with impairments in hippocampal-dependent memory. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection is a widely used model to explore the pathobiology of inflammation. LPS injection into mice causes systemic inflammation, neuronal damage, and poor memory outcomes if the inflammation is not controlled. Activation of the alpha-7 nicotinic receptor (α7) plays an anti-inflammatory role in the brain through vagal efferent nerve signaling. 4R-cembranoid (4R) is a natural compound that crosses the blood-brain barrier, induces neuronal survival, and has been shown to modulate the activity of nicotinic receptors. The purpose of this study is to determine whether 4R reduces the deleterious effects of LPS-induced neuroinflammation and whether the α7 receptor plays a role in mediating these beneficial effects. METHODS Ex vivo population spike recordings were performed in C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) and alpha-7-knockout (α7KO) mouse hippocampal slices in the presence of 4R and nicotinic receptor inhibitors. For in vivo studies, WT and α7KO mice were injected with LPS for 2 h, followed by 4R or vehicle for 22 h. Analyses of IL-1β, TNF-α, STAT3, CREB, Akt1, and the long-term novel object recognition test (NORT) were performed for both genotypes. In addition, RNA sequencing and RT-qPCR analyses were carried out for 12 mRNAs related to neuroinflammation and their modification by 4R. RESULTS 4R confers neuroprotection after NMDA-induced neurotoxicity in both WT and α7KO mice. Moreover, hippocampal TNF-α and IL-1β levels were decreased with 4R treatment following LPS exposure in both strains of mice. 4R restored LPS-induced cognitive decline in NORT. There was a significant increase in the phosphorylation of STAT3, CREB, and Akt1 with 4R treatment in the WT mouse hippocampus following LPS exposure. In α7KO mice, only pAkt levels were significantly elevated in the cortex. 4R significantly upregulated mRNA levels of ORM2, GDNF, and C3 following LPS exposure. These proteins are known to play a role in modulating microglial activation, neuronal survival, and memory. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that 4R decreases the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines; improves memory function; activates STAT3, Akt1, and CREB phosphorylation; and upregulates the mRNA levels of ORM2, GDNF, and C3. These effects are independent of the α7 nicotinic receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Rojas-Colón
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central del Caribe School of Medicine, Av. Sta. Juanita, Bayamón, 00960, Puerto Rico
| | - Pramod K Dash
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Fabiola A Morales-Vías
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central del Caribe School of Medicine, Av. Sta. Juanita, Bayamón, 00960, Puerto Rico
| | - Madeline Lebrón-Dávila
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central del Caribe School of Medicine, Av. Sta. Juanita, Bayamón, 00960, Puerto Rico
| | - Pedro A Ferchmin
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central del Caribe School of Medicine, Av. Sta. Juanita, Bayamón, 00960, Puerto Rico
| | - John B Redell
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Geronimo Maldonado-Martínez
- University of Puerto Rico Molecular Science Research Center, Av. Juan Ponce de León, San Juan, 00926, Puerto Rico
| | - Wanda I Vélez-Torres
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central del Caribe School of Medicine, Av. Sta. Juanita, Bayamón, 00960, Puerto Rico.
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Zhang Y, Bian S, Liu X, Fang N, Wang C, Liu Y, Du Y, Timko MP, Zhang Z, Zhang H. Synthesis of cembratriene-ol and cembratriene-diol in yeast via the MVA pathway. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:29. [PMID: 33530990 PMCID: PMC7852193 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01523-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cembranoids are one kind of diterpenoids with multiple biological activities. The tobacco cembratriene-ol (CBT-ol) and cembratriene-diol (CBT-diol) have high anti-insect and anti-fungal activities, which is attracting great attentions for their potential usage in sustainable agriculture. Cembranoids were supposed to be formed through the 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathway, yet the involvement of mevalonate (MVA) pathway in their synthesis remains unclear. Exploring the roles of MVA pathway in cembranoid synthesis could contribute not only to the technical approach but also to the molecular mechanism for cembranoid biosynthesis. Results We constructed vectors to express cembratriene-ol synthase (CBTS1) and its fusion protein (AD-CBTS1) containing an N-terminal GAL4 AD domain as a translation leader in yeast. Eventually, the modified enzyme AD-CBTS1 was successfully expressed, which further resulted in the production of CBT-ol in the yeast strain BY-T20 with enhanced MVA pathway for geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) production but not in other yeast strains with low GGPP supply. Subsequently, CBT-diol was also synthesized by co-expression of the modified enzyme AD-CBTS1 and BD-CYP450 in the yeast strain BY-T20. Conclusions We demonstrated that yeast is insensitive to the tobacco anti-fungal compound CBT-ol or CBT-diol and could be applied to their biosynthesis. This study further established a feasibility for cembranoid production via the MVA pathway and provided an alternative bio-approach for cembranoid biosynthesis in microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- TRI of CAAS-UVA Joint Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Shiquan Bian
- TRI of CAAS-UVA Joint Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- TRI of CAAS-UVA Joint Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Ning Fang
- TRI of CAAS-UVA Joint Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Chunkai Wang
- TRI of CAAS-UVA Joint Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- TRI of CAAS-UVA Joint Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Yongmei Du
- TRI of CAAS-UVA Joint Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Michael P Timko
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, 485 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Zhongfeng Zhang
- TRI of CAAS-UVA Joint Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- TRI of CAAS-UVA Joint Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
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Zhang H, Ma X, Li W, Niu D, Wang Z, Yan X, Yang X, Yang Y, Cui H. Genome-wide characterization of NtHD-ZIP IV: different roles in abiotic stress response and glandular Trichome induction. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:444. [PMID: 31651252 PMCID: PMC6814048 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2023-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The plant-specific homeodomain-leucine zipper class IV (HD-ZIP IV) gene family has been involved in the regulation of epidermal development. RESULTS Fifteen genes coding for HD-ZIP IV proteins were identified (NtHD-ZIP-IV-1 to NtHD-ZIP-IV-15) based on the genome of N. tabacum. Four major domains (HD, ZIP, SAD and START) were present in these proteins. Tissue expression pattern analysis indicated that NtHD-ZIP-IV-1, - 2, - 3, - 10, and - 12 may be associated with trichome development; NtHD-ZIP-IV-8 was expressed only in cotyledons; NtHD-ZIP-IV-9 only in the leaf and stem epidermis; NtHD-ZIP-IV-11 only in leaves; and NtHD-ZIP-IV-15 only in the root and stem epidermis. We found that jasmonates may induce the generation of glandular trichomes, and that NtHD-ZIP-IV-1, - 2, - 5, and - 7 were response to MeJA treatment. Dynamic expression under abiotic stress and after application of phytohormones indicated that most NtHD-ZIP IV genes were induced by heat, cold, salt and drought. Furthermore, most of these genes were induced by gibberellic acid, 6-benzylaminopurine, and salicylic acid, but were inhibited by abscisic acid. NtHD-ZIP IV genes were sensitive to heat, but insensitive to osmotic stress. CONCLUSION NtHD-ZIP IV genes are implicated in a complex regulatory gene network controlling epidermal development and abiotic stress responses. The present study provides evidence to elucidate the gene functions of NtHD-ZIP IVs during epidermal development and stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Zhang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Xudong Ma
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Wenjiao Li
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Dexin Niu
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yan
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Xinling Yang
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
| | - Yongfeng Yang
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
| | - Hong Cui
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
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Driller R, Garbe D, Mehlmer N, Fuchs M, Raz K, Major DT, Brück T, Loll B. Current understanding and biotechnological application of the bacterial diterpene synthase CotB2. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:2355-2368. [PMID: 31666870 PMCID: PMC6808215 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
CotB2 catalyzes the first committed step in cyclooctatin biosynthesis of the soil bacterium Streptomyces melanosporofaciens. To date, CotB2 represents the best studied bacterial diterpene synthase. Its reaction mechanism has been addressed by isoptope labeling, targeted mutagenesis and theoretical computations in the gas phase, as well as full enzyme molecular dynamic simulations. By X-ray crystallography different snapshots of CotB2 from the open, inactive, to the closed, active conformation have been obtained in great detail, allowing us to draw detailed conclusions regarding the catalytic mechanism at the molecular level. Moreover, numerous alternative geranylgeranyl diphosphate cyclization products obtained by CotB2 mutagenesis have exciting applications for the sustainable production of high value bioactive substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronja Driller
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- present address: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- present address: Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Daniel Garbe
- Werner Siemens Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Dept. of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Norbert Mehlmer
- Werner Siemens Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Dept. of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Monika Fuchs
- Werner Siemens Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Dept. of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Keren Raz
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Dan Thomas Major
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Thomas Brück
- Werner Siemens Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Dept. of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Bernhard Loll
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Martins AH, Zayas-Santiago A, Ferrer-Acosta Y, Martinez-Jimenez SM, Zueva L, Diaz-Garcia A, Inyushin M. Accumulation of Amyloid Beta (Aβ) Peptide on Blood Vessel Walls in the Damaged Brain after Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9080350. [PMID: 31398804 PMCID: PMC6723874 DOI: 10.3390/biom9080350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides are generated in blood vessels, released into the brain during thrombosis, and temporarily accumulate in this organ after injury. Here we demonstrate that 24 h after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO), one of the standard models of focal ischemic stroke, Aβ peptide accumulates in the brain, concentrating on the blood vessel walls. Because Aβ oligomers are known to induce significant damage to brain cells, they act as an additional damaging factor during ischemic stroke. Considering that they have been shown to form ion channels in cells, affecting osmotic balance, we used an Aβ peptide channel blocker, tromethamine (2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl) propane-1,3-diol), to prevent this additional injury. Tromethamine injected 0.1 g/100 g body weight intraperitoneally at 5 min before tMCAO decreased water content in the damaged hemisphere, as measured by dry brain weight. Congo red staining, which binds only to Aβ oligomer plaques (amyloid), showed that there was no significant presence of plaques. Therefore, we suggest that Aβ peptide oligomers are responsible for some of the brain damage during stroke and that blockage of the ion channels that they form could be beneficial in treating this complex neurological syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Henrique Martins
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, Guillermo Arbona, Área de Centro Médico Río Piedras, PR 00935, USA
| | - Astrid Zayas-Santiago
- Department of Physiology, Universidad Central del Caribe Ave. Laurel #100, Santa Juanita, Bayamón, PR 00956, USA
| | - Yancy Ferrer-Acosta
- Department of Neuroscience, Universidad Central del Caribe Ave. Laurel #U26, Santa Juanita, Bayamón, PR 00956, USA
| | - Solianne M Martinez-Jimenez
- Department of Neuroscience, Universidad Central del Caribe Ave. Laurel #U26, Santa Juanita, Bayamón, PR 00956, USA
| | - Lidia Zueva
- Department of Physiology, Universidad Central del Caribe Ave. Laurel #100, Santa Juanita, Bayamón, PR 00956, USA
| | - Amanda Diaz-Garcia
- Department of Physiology, Universidad Central del Caribe Ave. Laurel #100, Santa Juanita, Bayamón, PR 00956, USA
| | - Mikhail Inyushin
- Department of Physiology, Universidad Central del Caribe Ave. Laurel #100, Santa Juanita, Bayamón, PR 00956, USA.
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Yan N, Du Y, Liu X, Zhang H, Liu Y, Zhang Z. A Review on Bioactivities of Tobacco Cembranoid Diterpenes. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E30. [PMID: 30654586 PMCID: PMC6359560 DOI: 10.3390/biom9010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cembranoids are carbocyclic diterpenes comprising four isoprene units and are natural products with a parent skeleton consisting of a 14-membered ring. They have gained wide interest in recent years and are a major hotspot in the research of natural product chemistry. Since 1962, various tobacco cembranoid diterpenes have been identified. This review systematically discusses and summarises the excellent antimicrobial, insecticidal, cytotoxic and neuroprotective activities of tobacco cembranoid diterpenes. These compounds show potential to be developed as botanical fungicides, cytotoxic drugs and drugs for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and other neurodegenerative diseases. However, there are relatively few studies on the structure⁻activity relationship (SAR) of tobacco cembranoid diterpenes. Therefore, future studies should focus on their structural modification, SAR and biogenic relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yan
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Yongmei Du
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Yanhua Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Zhongfeng Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
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Liu Y, Jing SX, Luo SH, Li SH. Non-volatile natural products in plant glandular trichomes: chemistry, biological activities and biosynthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 36:626-665. [PMID: 30468448 DOI: 10.1039/c8np00077h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The investigation methods, chemistry, bioactivities, and biosynthesis of non-volatile natural products involving 489 compounds in plant glandular trichomes are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Kunming 650201
- P. R. China
| | - Shu-Xi Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Kunming 650201
- P. R. China
| | - Shi-Hong Luo
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology
- Shenyang Agricultural University
- Shenyang
- P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Kunming 650201
- P. R. China
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Zhang H, Zhang S, Yang Y, Jia H, Cui H. Metabolic Flux Engineering of Cembratrien-ol Production in Both the Glandular Trichome and Leaf Mesophyll in Nicotiana tabacum. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:566-574. [PMID: 29346685 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Cembratrien-ol synthase (CBTS) catalyzes the first step in cembranoid biosynthesis, producing cembratrien-ols in plant trichomes. In our previous study, microarray transcriptomes between leaves with trichomes and leaves without trichomes showed that an NtCBTS2 gene was expressed exclusively and abundantly in trichomes. Here, two NtCBTS2 isogenes (NtCBTS2a and NtCBTS2b), derived from a diploid genome donor, Nicotiana sylvestris, were identified from N. tabacum. Both genes were expressed primarily in trichomes, with relatively decreased transcription in flowers and stems, and faint expression in roots, and no expression was detected in leaves lacking trichomes. To demonstrate the feasibility of producing natural product cembratrien-ols in tobacco mesophylls, the mesophylls of 35S:NtCBTS2b transgenic tobacco plants were used in the analysis, suggesting that constitutive expression of NtCBTS2b led to the cembratrien-ol production in mesophylls. Overexpression of NtCBTS2b using either Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S or trichome-specific Cyt P450 oxygenase (CYP) promoters greatly increased aphid resistance by promoting the accumulation of CBT-ols, increased the secretory cell growth in glandular trichomes and increased the levels of various physiological measures, including sugar esters, gibberellins, and cembranoid production. Meanwhile, specifically overexpressing NtCBTS2b in glandular trichomes could most efficiently promote aphid resistance in tobacco plants. Notably, our results indicate the feasibility of utilizing bio-engineering to produce large amounts of CBT-ols, and modify significantly the composition of naturally produced CBT-ols and CBT-diols, thereby promoting aphid resistance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Songtao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yongxia Yang
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Hongfang Jia
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Hong Cui
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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22
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Matsuzawa A, Shiraiwa J, Kasamatsu A, Sugita K. Enantioselective, Protecting-Group-Free Total Synthesis of Boscartin F. Org Lett 2018; 20:1031-1033. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akinobu Matsuzawa
- Department of Synthetic Medicinal
Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41
Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Junya Shiraiwa
- Department of Synthetic Medicinal
Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41
Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kasamatsu
- Department of Synthetic Medicinal
Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41
Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Sugita
- Department of Synthetic Medicinal
Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41
Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
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23
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Akinmoladun AC, Saliu IO, Olowookere BD, Ojo OB, Olaleye MT, Farombi EO, Akindahunsi AA. Improvement of 2-Vessel Occlusion Cerebral Ischaemia/Reperfusion-Induced Corticostriatal Electrolyte and Redox Imbalance, Lactic Acidosis and Modified Acetylcholinesterase Activity by Kolaviron Correlates with Reduction in Neurobehavioural Deficits. Ann Neurosci 2017; 25:53-62. [PMID: 29887685 DOI: 10.1159/000484517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Disruption of electrolyte, redox and neurochemical homeostasis alongside cellular energy crisis is a hallmark of cerebral ischaemia and reperfusion injury. Purpose This study investigated the effect of kolaviron (KV) on cortical and striatal cation imbalance, oxidative stress and neurochemical disturbances as well as neurobehavioural deficits in animals subjected to bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO)-induced ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Methods KV was administered at a dose of 100 or 200 mg/kg to male Wistar rats 1 h before a 30 min BCCAO/4 h reperfusion (I/R). This was followed by neurobehavioral assessment and biochemical evaluations of cation levels, oxidative stress indicators, lactate dehydrogenase activity and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the brain of animals. Conclusion KV significantly restored altered cortical and striatal Ca2+, Na+, K+ and Mg2+ levels, ameliorated redox imbalance, lactic acidosis and modified AChE activity caused by I/R injury. The favourable neurobehavioural effects of KV correlated with biochemical outcomes. The pharmacological potential of KV in the treatment and management of ischemic stroke and allied pathological conditions via multiple targets (neurotransmitter metabolism, bioenergetic failure and ionic homeostasis) is highlighted by the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afolabi Clement Akinmoladun
- Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim Olabayode Saliu
- Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Boyede Dele Olowookere
- Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Olubukola Benedicta Ojo
- Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Mary Tolulope Olaleye
- Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Ebenezer Olatunde Farombi
- Drug Metabolism and Molecular Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Afolabi Akintunde Akindahunsi
- Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
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Neuroprotective effects of Ginkgo biloba extract and Ginkgolide B against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation and glucose injury in a new in vitro multicellular network model. Front Med 2017; 12:307-318. [PMID: 29058254 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-017-0547-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke (AIS), as the third leading cause of death worldwide, is characterized by its high incidence, mortality rate, high incurred disability rate, and frequent reoccurrence. The neuroprotective effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) against several cerebral diseases have been reported in previous studies, but the underlying mechanisms of action are still unclear. Using a novel in vitro rat cortical capillary endothelial cell-astrocyte-neuron network model, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of GBE and one of its important constituents, Ginkgolide B (GB), against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation and glucose (OGD/R) injury. In this model, rat cortical capillary endothelial cells, astrocytes, and neurons were cocultured so that they could be synchronously observed in the same system. Pretreatment with GBE or GB increased the neuron cell viability, ameliorated cell injury, and inhibited the cell apoptotic rate through Bax and Bcl-2 expression regulation after OGD/R injury. Furthermore, GBE or GB pretreatment enhanced the transendothelial electrical resistance of capillary endothelial monolayers, reduced the endothelial permeability coefficients for sodium fluorescein (Na-F), and increased the expression levels of tight junction proteins, namely, ZO-1 and occludin, in endothelial cells. Results demonstrated the preventive effects of GBE on neuronal cell death and enhancement of the function of brain capillary endothelial monolayers after OGD/R injury in vitro; thus, GBE could be used as an effective neuroprotective agent for AIS/reperfusion, with GB as one of its significant constituents.
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25
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Inhibition of PTEN Attenuates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Apoptosis via Activation of PI3K/AKT Pathway in Alzheimer’s Disease. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:3052-3060. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2338-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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26
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Hu J, Ferchmin PA, Hemmerle AM, Seroogy KB, Eterovic VA, Hao J. 4R-Cembranoid Improves Outcomes after 6-Hydroxydopamine Challenge in Both In vitro and In vivo Models of Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:272. [PMID: 28611572 PMCID: PMC5447022 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
(1S, 2E, 4R, 6R,-7E, 11E)-2, 7, 11-cembratriene-4, 6-diol (4R) is one of the cembranoids found in tobacco leaves. Previous studies have found that 4R protected acute rat hippocampal slices against neurotoxicity induced by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and against the toxic organophosphorus compounds paraoxon and diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP). Furthermore, in vivo, 4R reduced the infarct size in a rodent ischemic stroke model and neurodegeneration caused by DFP. The present study expanded our previous study by focusing on the effect of 4R in Parkinson's disease (PD) and elucidating its underlying mechanisms using 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced injury models. We found that 4R exhibited significant neuroprotective activity in the rat unilateral 6-OHDA-induced PD model in vivo. The therapeutic effect was evident both at morphological and behavioral levels. 4R (6 and 12 mg/kg) treatments significantly improved outcomes of 6-OHDA-induced PD in vivo as indicated by reducing forelimb asymmetry scores and corner test scores 4 weeks after injection of 6-OHDA (p < 0.05). The therapeutic effect of 4R was also reflected by decreased depletion of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the striatum and substantia nigra (SN) on the side injected with 6-OHDA. TH expression was 70.3 and 62.8% of the contralateral side in striatum and SN, respectively, after 6 mg/kg 4R treatment; furthermore, it was 80.1 and 79.3% after treatment with 12 mg/kg of 4R. In the control group, it was 51.9 and 23.6% of the contralateral striatum and SN (p < 0.05). Moreover, 4R also protected differentiated neuro-2a cells from 6-OHDA-induced cytotoxicity in vitro. The activation of p-AKT and HAX-1, and inhibition of caspase-3 and endothelial inflammation, were involved in 4R-mediated protection against 6-OHDA-induced injury. In conclusion, the present study indicates that 4R shows a therapeutic effect in the rat 6-OHDA-induced PD model in vivo and in 6-OHDA-challenged neuro-2a cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of CincinnatiCincinnati, OH, United States
| | - P A Ferchmin
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Universidad Central del CaribeBayamón, Puerto Rico
| | - Ann M Hemmerle
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of CincinnatiCincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Kim B Seroogy
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of CincinnatiCincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Vesna A Eterovic
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Universidad Central del CaribeBayamón, Puerto Rico
| | - Jiukuan Hao
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of CincinnatiCincinnati, OH, United States
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Dai P, Huang H, Zhang L, He J, Zhao X, Yang F, Zhao N, Yang J, Ge L, Lin Y, Yu H, Wang J. A pilot study on transient ischemic stroke induced with endothelin-1 in the rhesus monkeys. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45097. [PMID: 28358140 PMCID: PMC5372164 DOI: 10.1038/srep45097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a vasoconstrictor, has recently been used to induce focal ischemia in rodents and marmoset monkeys. The rhesus monkey, however, has numerous advantages to the rodent and marmoset that make it a superior and irreplaceable animal model for studying stroke in the brain. In the present study, after mapping the preferred hand representation in two healthy male monkeys with intracortical micro-stimulation, ET-1 was microinjected into the contralateral motor cortex (M1) to its preferred hand. The monkeys had been trained in three manual dexterity tasks before the microinjection and were tested for these tasks following the ET-1 injection. Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging scans were performed 1, 7, 14 and 28 days post ischemia. It was found that ET-1 impaired the manual dexterity of the monkeys in the vertical slot and rotating Brinkman board tasks 3–8 days after the injection. Brain imaging found that severe edema was present 7 days after the focal ischemia. This data suggest that ET-1 can induce transient ischemic stroke in rhesus monkey and that ET-1 induced focal ischemia in non-human primates is a potential model to study the mechanism of stroke and brain repair after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- PeiMin Dai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences &Yunnan Province, Kunming Primates Research Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, First People's Hospital of Honghe State, Honghe, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences &Yunnan Province, Kunming Primates Research Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences &Yunnan Province, Kunming Primates Research Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Center People's Hospital of Zhumadian State, Zhumadian, China.,Second Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jing He
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - XuDong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - FuHan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences &Yunnan Province, Kunming Primates Research Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Second Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - JianZhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences &Yunnan Province, Kunming Primates Research Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - LongJiao Ge
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences &Yunnan Province, Kunming Primates Research Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences &Yunnan Province, Kunming Primates Research Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - HuaLin Yu
- Second Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - JianHong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences &Yunnan Province, Kunming Primates Research Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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Yan N, Du Y, Liu X, Zhang H, Liu Y, Shi J, Xue SJ, Zhang Z. Analyses of effects of α-cembratrien-diol on cell morphology and transcriptome of Valsa mali var. mali. Food Chem 2017; 214:110-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.07.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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29
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Le-Huu P, Petrović D, Strodel B, Urlacher VB. One-Pot, Two-Step Hydroxylation of the Macrocyclic Diterpenoid β-Cembrenediol Catalyzed by P450 BM3 Mutants. ChemCatChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201600973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Priska Le-Huu
- Institute of Biochemistry; Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf; Universitätsstrasse 1, Bldg. 26.42.U1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Dušan Petrović
- Institute of Complex Systems: Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6); Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH; 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Birgit Strodel
- Institute of Complex Systems: Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6); Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH; 52425 Jülich Germany
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry; Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf; Universitätsstrasse 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Vlada B. Urlacher
- Institute of Biochemistry; Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf; Universitätsstrasse 1, Bldg. 26.42.U1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
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Ferchmin PA, Pérez D, Cuadrado BL, Carrasco M, Martins AH, Eterović VA. Neuroprotection Against Diisopropylfluorophosphate in Acute Hippocampal Slices. Neurochem Res 2015; 40:2143-51. [PMID: 26438150 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1729-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) is an irreversible inhibitor of acetylcholine esterase and a surrogate of the organophosphorus (OP) nerve agent sarin. The neurotoxicity of DFP was assessed as a reduction of population spike (PS) area elicited by synaptic stimulation in acute hippocampal slices. Two classical antidotes, atropine, and pralidoxime, and two novel antidotes, 4R-cembranotriene-diol (4R) and a caspase nine inhibitor, were tested. Atropine, pralidoxime, and 4R significantly protected when applied 30 min after DFP. The caspase inhibitor was neuroprotective when applied 5-10 min before or after DFP, suggesting that early synaptic apoptosis is responsible for the loss of PSs. It is likely that apoptosis starts at the synapses and, if antidotes are not applied, descends to the cell bodies, causing death. The acute slice is a reliable tool for mechanistic studies, and the assessment of neurotoxicity and neuroprotection with PS areas is, in general, pharmacologically congruent with in vivo results and predicts the effect of drugs in vivo. 4R was first found to be neuroprotective in slices and later we demonstrated that 4R is neuroprotective in vivo. The mechanism of neurotoxicity of OPs is not well understood, and there is a need for novel antidotes that could be discovered using acute slices.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Ferchmin
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central Del Caribe, School of Medicine, Ave. Laurel, Santa Juanita, Bayamón, PR, 00956, USA. .,, PO BOX 60327, Bayamón, PR, 00960-6032, USA.
| | - Dinely Pérez
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central Del Caribe, School of Medicine, Ave. Laurel, Santa Juanita, Bayamón, PR, 00956, USA
| | - Brenda L Cuadrado
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central Del Caribe, School of Medicine, Ave. Laurel, Santa Juanita, Bayamón, PR, 00956, USA
| | - Marimée Carrasco
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central Del Caribe, School of Medicine, Ave. Laurel, Santa Juanita, Bayamón, PR, 00956, USA
| | - Antonio H Martins
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Science Campus UPR, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Vesna A Eterović
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central Del Caribe, School of Medicine, Ave. Laurel, Santa Juanita, Bayamón, PR, 00956, USA
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