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Yoo SS, Lee DW, Ham HJ, Yeo IJ, Chang JY, Yun J, Son DJ, Han S, Hong JT. Presenilin-2 knock-In mice show severe depressive behavior via DVL3 downregulation. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14370. [PMID: 37501340 PMCID: PMC10848049 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. Depression is one of the most critical psychiatric complications of AD, and 20%-30% of patients with AD experience symptoms of depression. Phospho-glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3β) is known to be associated with AD and depression. Furthermore, the role of disheveled (DVL) is known to regulate GSK3β. Moreover, presenilin-2 (PS2) and DVL have cross-talk with each other. Also, it is widely hypothesized that stress leads to hypersecretion of cortisol and is thus associated with depression. Dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor-1 (DKK-1) is a crucial factor regulating depression and both amyloid beta (Aβ) and phosphorylation of tau are widely known as a biomarker of AD. METHODS To investigate the relationship between AD and depression, and possible pathways connecting the two diseases, we examined memory function and depression-related behavior test results in PS2 knock-in AD mice (PS2 MT). Next, we confirmed that there are relationships between DVL, depression, and cognitive disease through the comparative toxicogenomics database (https://ctdbase.org) and STRING (https://string-db.org) database. RESULTS PS2 knock-in mice showed much more severe memory impairment and depression than PS2 wild-type mice (PS2 WT). In AD-related behavioral experiments, PS2 MT mice showed more memory dysfunction compared with PS2 WT group mice. Moreover, Aβ and phosphorylation of tau showed higher expression in PS2 MT mice than in PS2 WT mice. Depression-related behavioral tests showed that PS2 MT mice exhibited more depressive behaviors than PS2 WT mice. Furthermore, both higher cortisol levels and higher expression of DKK-1 were found in PS2 MT mice relative to PS2 WT mice. The results indicated that there is a relationship between DVL and the release of AD-related mediators and expression of the depression-related glucocorticoid receptor and DKK-1. In the PS2 knock-in group, DVL was significantly decreased compared with the PS2 WT group. CONCLUSION Depression increases the risk of developing AD and other forms of dementia. Recent evidence indicates that depression symptoms could trigger changes in memory and thinking over time. However, it is recognized that there are no drugs to facilitate a full recovery for both AD and depression. However, our results suggest that AD and depression could be associated, and DVL could be a significant target for the association between AD and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Sik Yoo
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research CenterChungbuk National UniversityCheongjuSouth Korea
| | - Dong Won Lee
- Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS)CheongjuSouth Korea
- Korea Health Industry Development InstituteCheongjuSouth Korea
| | - Hyeon Joo Ham
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research CenterChungbuk National UniversityCheongjuSouth Korea
| | - In Jun Yeo
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research CenterChungbuk National UniversityCheongjuSouth Korea
| | - Ju Young Chang
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research CenterChungbuk National UniversityCheongjuSouth Korea
| | - Jaesuk Yun
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research CenterChungbuk National UniversityCheongjuSouth Korea
| | - Dong Ju Son
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research CenterChungbuk National UniversityCheongjuSouth Korea
| | - Sang‐Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research CenterChungbuk National UniversityCheongjuSouth Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research CenterChungbuk National UniversityCheongjuSouth Korea
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Parikh S, Parikh R, Harari M, Weller A, Bikovski L, Levy C. Skin epidermal keratinocyte p53 induces food uptake upon UV exposure. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1281274. [PMID: 38152309 PMCID: PMC10751925 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1281274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The first cells affected by UVB exposure are epidermal keratinocytes, and p53, the genome guardian, is activated in these cells when skin is exposed to UVB. UVB exposure induces appetite, but it remains unclear whether p53 in epidermal keratinocytes plays a role in this appetite stimulation. Results Here we found that food intake was increased following chronic daily UVB exposure in a manner that depends on p53 expression in epidermal keratinocytes. p53 conditional knockout in epidermal keratinocytes reduced food intake in mice upon UVB exposure. Methods To investigate the effects of p53 activation following UVB exposure, mice behavior was assessed using the staircase, open-field, elevated-plus maze, and conditioned-place preference tests. In addition to effects on appetite, loss of p53 resulted in anxiety-related behaviors with no effect on activity level. Discussion Since skin p53 induces production of β-endorphin, our data suggest that UVB-mediated activation of p53 results in an increase in β-endorphin levels which in turn influences appetite. Our study positions UVB as a central environmental factor in systemic behavior and has implications for the treatment of eating and anxiety-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivang Parikh
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Roma Parikh
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Marco Harari
- Dead Sea and Arava Science Center, Masada DMZ Medical Center, Ein Bokek, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Aron Weller
- Department of Psychology and the Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Lior Bikovski
- The Myers Neuro-Behavioral Core Facility, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- School of Behavioral Sciences, Netanya Academic College, Netanya, Israel
| | - Carmit Levy
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Maffioli E, Nonnis S, Grassi Scalvini F, Negri A, Tedeschi G, Toni M. The Neurotoxic Effect of Environmental Temperature Variation in Adult Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15735. [PMID: 37958719 PMCID: PMC10648238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotoxicity consists of the altered functionality of the nervous system caused by exposure to chemical agents or altered chemical-physical parameters. The neurotoxic effect can be evaluated from the molecular to the behavioural level. The zebrafish Danio rerio is a model organism used in many research fields, including ecotoxicology and neurotoxicology. Recent studies by our research group have demonstrated that the exposure of adult zebrafish to low (18 °C) or high (34 °C) temperatures alters their brain proteome and fish behaviour compared to control (26 °C). These results showed that thermal variation alters the functionality of the nervous system, suggesting a temperature-induced neurotoxic effect. To demonstrate that temperature variation can be counted among the factors that generate neurotoxicity, eight different protein datasets, previously published by our research group, were subjected to new analyses using an integrated proteomic approach by means of the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software (Release December 2022). The datasets consist of brain proteome analyses of wild type adult zebrafish kept at three different temperatures (18 °C, 26 °C, and 34 °C) for 4 days (acute) or 21 days (chronic treatment), and of BDNF+/- and BDNF-/- zebrafish kept at 26 °C or 34 °C for 21 days. The results (a) demonstrate that thermal alterations generate an effect that can be defined as neurotoxic (p value ≤ 0.05, activation Z score ≤ -2 or ≥2), (b) identify 16 proteins that can be used as hallmarks of the neurotoxic processes common to all the treatments applied and (c) provide three protein panels (p value ≤ 0.05) related to 18 °C, 34 °C, and BDNF depletion that can be linked to anxiety-like or boldness behaviour upon these treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Maffioli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (E.M.); (S.N.); (F.G.S.); (A.N.)
| | - Simona Nonnis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (E.M.); (S.N.); (F.G.S.); (A.N.)
- CRC “Innovation for Well-Being and Environment” (I-WE), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Grassi Scalvini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (E.M.); (S.N.); (F.G.S.); (A.N.)
| | - Armando Negri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (E.M.); (S.N.); (F.G.S.); (A.N.)
| | - Gabriella Tedeschi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (E.M.); (S.N.); (F.G.S.); (A.N.)
- CRC “Innovation for Well-Being and Environment” (I-WE), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Mattia Toni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University, Via Alfonso Borrelli 50, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Foley HB, Howe CG, Eckel SP, Chavez T, Gevorkian L, Reyes EG, Kapanke B, Martinez D, Xue S, Suglia SF, Bastain TM, Marsit C, Breton CV. Depression, perceived stress, and distress during pregnancy and EV-associated miRNA profiles in MADRES. J Affect Disord 2023; 323:799-808. [PMID: 36563790 PMCID: PMC9844263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNA (miRNA) circulating in plasma has been proposed as biomarkers for a variety of diseases and stress measures, including depression, stress, and trauma. However, few studies have examined the relationship between stress and miRNA during pregnancy. METHODS In this study, we examined associations between measures of stress and depression during pregnancy with miRNA in early and late pregnancy from the MADRES cohort of primarily low-income Hispanic women based in Los Angeles, California. Extracellular-vesicle- (EV-) associated miRNA were isolated from maternal plasma and quantified using the Nanostring nCounter platform. Correlations for stress-associated miRNA were also calculated for 89 matching cord blood samples. RESULTS Fifty miRNA were nominally associated with depression, perceived stress, and prenatal distress (raw p < 0.05) with 17 miRNA shared between two or more stress measures. Two miRNA (miR-150-5p and miR-148b-3p) remained marginally significant after FDR adjustment (p < 0.10). Fifteen PANTHER pathways were enriched for predicted gene targets of the 50 miRNA associated with stress. Clusters of maternal and neonate miRNA expression suggest a link between maternal and child profiles. LIMITATIONS The study evaluated 142 miRNA and was not an exhaustive analysis of all discovered miRNA. Evaluations for stress, depression and trauma were based on self-reported instruments, rather than diagnostic tools. CONCLUSIONS Depression and stress during pregnancy are associated with some circulating EV miRNA. Given that EV miRNA play important roles in maternal-fetal communication, this may have downstream consequences for maternal and child health, and underscore the importance of addressing mental health during pregnancy, especially in health disparities populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Bermudez Foley
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America.
| | - Caitlin G Howe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States of America
| | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Thomas Chavez
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Lili Gevorkian
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; Interface Team, Fulgent Genetics, Inc., Temple City, CA, United States of America
| | - Eileen Granada Reyes
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Bethany Kapanke
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Danilo Martinez
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Shanyan Xue
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Shakira F Suglia
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Theresa M Bastain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Carmen Marsit
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Carrie V Breton
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
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PPM1F in hippocampal dentate gyrus regulates the depression-related behaviors by modulating neuronal excitability. Exp Neurol 2021; 340:113657. [PMID: 33639208 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common, serious, debilitating mental illness. Protein phosphatase Mg2+/Mn2+-dependent 1F (PPM1F), a serine/threonine phosphatase, has been reported to have multiple biological and cellular functions. However, the effects of PPM1F and its neuronal substrates on depressive behaviors remain largely unknown. Here, we showed that PPM1F is widely distributed in the hippocampus, and chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) can induce increased expression of PPM1F in the hippocampus, which was correlated with depression-associated behaviors. Overexpression of PPM1F mediated by adeno-associated virus (AAV) in the dentate gyrus (DG) produced depression-related behaviors and enhanced susceptibility to subthreshold CUS (SCUS) in both male and female mice, while, knockout of PPM1F in DG produced antidepressant phonotypes under stress conditions. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings demonstrated that overexpression of PPM1F increased the neuronal excitability of the granule cells in the DG. Consistent with neuronal hyperexcitability, overexpression of PPM1F regulated the expression of certain ion channel genes and induced decreased phosphorylation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CAMKII) and Adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in hippocampus. These results suggest that PPM1F in the DG regulates depression-related behaviors by modulating neuronal excitability, which might be an important pathological gene for depression or other mental diseases.
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Yu YQ, Zhang YL, Wang Z, Liu Y, Li H, Zhou XF, Hu ZL, Dai RP. Involvement of proBDNF in Monocytes/Macrophages with Gastrointestinal Disorders in Depressive Mice. Neurotox Res 2020; 38:887-899. [PMID: 32588356 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00235-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorders (MDD) are often comorbid with the gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor precursor (proBDNF) has been reported to contribute to the development of depression in mouse models. However, the role of proBDNF in depression-associated GI disorders is still unrevealed. Mice experienced unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) procedure and were then intraperitoneally injected with fluoxetine (20 mg/kg). Open field test (OFT), forced swimming test (FST), and sucrose preference test (SPT) were performed to evaluate the severity of depression. Oral administration of food dye gel and histological staining were performed to assess GI transit and morphological alterations. QPCR was performed to assess the mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence were performed to examine the expression and cellular localization of proBDNF. It was found that (a) in the peripheral blood, the expression of proBDNF and its receptor pan neurotrophin receptor 75 (p75NTR) in CD11b+ cells in depressive mice was higher than in controls; (b) the GI motility was decreased after the UCMS procedure and partly reversed by fluoxetine treatment; (c) proBDNF/p75NTR was highly expressed in macrophages in the intestinal lamina propria; (d) the upregulated proBDNF/p75NTR and the activated cytokines, including IL (interleukin)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and IFN (interferon)-γ, were positively correlated with the depression and GI disorders, and were inhibited by fluoxetine treatment. UCMS procedure upregulated the expression of proBDNF and p75NTR in monocytes/macrophages of peripheral blood and intestinal lamina propria, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of depression-associated GI disorders. Fluoxetine reversed the GI dysfunction, infiltration of macrophages, and upregulation of proBDNF signaling in the depressive mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Qing Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Anesthesia Medical Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan-Ling Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Anesthesia Medical Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Zhao-Lan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Ru-Ping Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China. .,Anesthesia Medical Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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De Novo Truncating Mutations in the Last and Penultimate Exons of PPM1D Cause an Intellectual Disability Syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 2017; 100:650-658. [PMID: 28343630 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) is a highly heterogeneous disorder involving at least 600 genes, yet a genetic diagnosis remains elusive in ∼35%-40% of individuals with moderate to severe ID. Recent meta-analyses statistically analyzing de novo mutations in >7,000 individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders highlighted mutations in PPM1D as a possible cause of ID. PPM1D is a type 2C phosphatase that functions as a negative regulator of cellular stress-response pathways by mediating a feedback loop of p38-p53 signaling, thereby contributing to growth inhibition and suppression of stress-induced apoptosis. We identified 14 individuals with mild to severe ID and/or developmental delay and de novo truncating PPM1D mutations. Additionally, deep phenotyping revealed overlapping behavioral problems (ASD, ADHD, and anxiety disorders), hypotonia, broad-based gait, facial dysmorphisms, and periods of fever and vomiting. PPM1D is expressed during fetal brain development and in the adult brain. All mutations were located in the last or penultimate exon, suggesting escape from nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. Both PPM1D expression analysis and cDNA sequencing in EBV LCLs of individuals support the presence of a stable truncated transcript, consistent with this hypothesis. Exposure of cells derived from individuals with PPM1D truncating mutations to ionizing radiation resulted in normal p53 activation, suggesting that p53 signaling is unaffected. However, a cell-growth disadvantage was observed, suggesting a possible effect on the stress-response pathway. Thus, we show that de novo truncating PPM1D mutations in the last and penultimate exons cause syndromic ID, which provides additional insight into the role of cell-cycle checkpoint genes in neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Yang CR, Bai YY, Ruan CS, Zhou FH, Li F, Li CQ, Zhou XF. Injection of Anti-proBDNF in Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) Reverses Chronic Stress-Induced Adverse Mood Behaviors in Mice. Neurotox Res 2016; 31:298-308. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-016-9687-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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ProBDNF Signaling Regulates Depression-Like Behaviors in Rodents under Chronic Stress. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:2882-2892. [PMID: 27312407 PMCID: PMC5061880 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2016.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to stressful environment is a key risk factor contributing to the development of depression. However, the mechanisms involved in this process are still unclear. Brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) has long been investigated for its positive role in regulation of mood, although the role of its precursor, proBDNF, in regulation of mood is not known. In this study, using an unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) paradigm we found that the protein levels of proBDNF were increased in the neocortex and hippocampus of stressed mice and this UCMS-induced upregulation of proBDNF was abolished by chronic administration of fluoxetine. We then established a rat model of UCMS and found that the expression of proBDNF/p75NTR/sortilin was upregulated, whereas the expression of mature BDNF and TrkB was downregulated in both neocortex and hippocampus of chronically stressed rats. Finally, we found that the injection of anti-proBDNF antibody via intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) and intraperitoneal (i.p.) approaches into the UCMS rats significantly reversed the stress-induced depression-like behavior and restored the exploratory activity and spine growth. Although intramuscular injection of AAV-proBDNF did not exacerbate the UCMS-elicited rat mood-related behavioral or pathological abnormalities, i.c.v. injection of AAV-proBDNF increased the depression-like behavior in naive rats. Our findings suggest that proBDNF plays a role in the development of chronic stress-induced mood disturbances in rodents. Central (i.c.v.) or peripheral (i.p.) inhibition of proBDNF by injecting specific anti-proBDNF antibodies may provide a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of stress-related mood disorders.
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Azevedo JA, Carter BS, Meng F, Turner DL, Dai M, Schatzberg AF, Barchas JD, Jones EG, Bunney WE, Myers RM, Akil H, Watson SJ, Thompson RC. The microRNA network is altered in anterior cingulate cortex of patients with unipolar and bipolar depression. J Psychiatr Res 2016; 82:58-67. [PMID: 27468165 PMCID: PMC5026930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs acting as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. Though implicated in multiple CNS disorders, miRNAs have not been examined in any psychiatric disease state in anterior cingulate cortex (AnCg), a brain region centrally involved in regulating mood. We performed qPCR analyses of 29 miRNAs previously implicated in psychiatric illness (major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BP) and/or schizophrenia (SZ)) in AnCg of patients with MDD and BP versus controls. miR-132, miR-133a and miR-212 were initially identified as differentially expressed in BP, miR-184 in MDD and miR-34a in both MDD and BP (although none survived multiple correction testing and must be considered preliminary). In silico target prediction algorithms identified putative targets of differentially expressed miRNAs. Nuclear Co-Activator 1 (NCOA1), Nuclear Co-Repressor 2 (NCOR2) and Phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) were selected based upon predicted targeting by miR-34a (with NCOR2 and PDE4B both targeted by miR-184) and published relevance to psychiatric illness. Luciferase assays identified PDE4B as a target of miR-34a and miR-184, while NCOA1 and NCOR2 were targeted by miR-34a and 184, respectively. qPCR analyses were performed to determine whether changes in miRNA levels correlated with mRNA levels of validated targets. NCOA1 showed an inverse correlation with miR-34a in BP, while NCOR2 demonstrated a positive correlation. In sum, this is the first study to demonstrate miRNA changes in AnCg in psychiatric illness and validate miR-34a as differentially expressed in CNS in MDD. These findings support a mechanistic role for miRNAs in the regulation of stress-responsive genes disrupted in psychiatric illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Azevedo
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, 205 Zina Pitcher Pl, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, 4137 Undergraduate Science Building (USB), 204 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Bradley S Carter
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, 205 Zina Pitcher Pl, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, 4137 Undergraduate Science Building (USB), 204 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Neuroscience Program, Oberlin College, Science Center A261, 119 Woodland St., Oberlin, OH, 44074, USA
| | - Fan Meng
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, 205 Zina Pitcher Pl, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Pritzker Neuropsychiatric Disorders Research Consortium, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 530 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - David L Turner
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, 205 Zina Pitcher Pl, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, 4137 Undergraduate Science Building (USB), 204 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, 5301 MSRB III, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Manhong Dai
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, 205 Zina Pitcher Pl, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Alan F Schatzberg
- Pritzker Neuropsychiatric Disorders Research Consortium, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, 401 Quarry Rd, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jack D Barchas
- Pritzker Neuropsychiatric Disorders Research Consortium, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Edward G Jones
- Pritzker Neuropsychiatric Disorders Research Consortium, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of California - Davis, 1544 Newton Court, Davis, CA, 95618, USA
| | - William E Bunney
- Pritzker Neuropsychiatric Disorders Research Consortium, USA; Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California - Irvine, 101 The City Dr S, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Richard M Myers
- Pritzker Neuropsychiatric Disorders Research Consortium, USA; Hudson Alpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way Northwest, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | - Huda Akil
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, 205 Zina Pitcher Pl, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, 4137 Undergraduate Science Building (USB), 204 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Pritzker Neuropsychiatric Disorders Research Consortium, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 530 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Stanley J Watson
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, 205 Zina Pitcher Pl, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, 4137 Undergraduate Science Building (USB), 204 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Pritzker Neuropsychiatric Disorders Research Consortium, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 530 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Robert C Thompson
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, 205 Zina Pitcher Pl, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, 4137 Undergraduate Science Building (USB), 204 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Pritzker Neuropsychiatric Disorders Research Consortium, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 530 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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11
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Gamma-H2AX upregulation caused by Wip1 deficiency increases depression-related cellular senescence in hippocampus. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34558. [PMID: 27686532 PMCID: PMC5043360 DOI: 10.1038/srep34558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The PP2C family member Wild-type p53-induced phosphatase 1 (Wip1) critically regulates DNA damage response (DDR) under stressful situations. In the present study, we investigated whether Wip1 expression was involved in the regulation of DDR-induced and depression-related cellular senescence in mouse hippocampus. We found that Wip1 gene knockout (KO) mice showed aberrant elevation of hippocampal cellular senescence and of γ-H2AX activity, which is known as a biomarker of DDR and cellular senescence, indicating that the lack of Wip1-mediated γ-H2AX dephosphorylation facilitates cellular senescence in hippocampus. Administration of the antidepressant fluoxetine had no significant effects on the increased depression-like behaviors, enriched cellular senescence, and aberrantly upregulated hippocampal γ-H2AX activity in Wip1 KO mice. After wildtype C57BL/6 mice were exposed to the procedure of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), cellular senescence and γ-H2AX activity in hippocampus were also elevated, accompanied by the suppression of Wip1 expression in hippocampus when compared to the control group without CUMS experience. These CUMS-induced symptoms were effectively prevented following fluoxetine administration in wildtype C57BL/6 mice, with the normalization of depression-like behaviors. Our data demonstrate that Wip1-mediated γ-H2AX dephosphorylation may play an important role in the occurrence of depression-related cellular senescence.
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12
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Ren L, Zhang F, Min S, Hao X, Qin P, Zhu X. Propofol ameliorates electroconvulsive shock-induced learning and memory impairment by regulation of synaptic metaplasticity via autophosphorylation of CaMKIIa at Thr 305 in stressed rats. Psychiatry Res 2016; 240:123-130. [PMID: 27104927 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for depression, but it can induce learning and memory impairment. Our previous study found propofol (γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor agonist) could ameliorate electroconvulsive shock (ECS, an analog of ECT to animals)-induced cognitive impairment, however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of propofol on metaplasticity and autophosphorylation of CaMKIIa in stressed rats receiving ECS. Depressive-like behavior and learning and memory function were assessed by sucrose preference test and Morris water test respectively. LTP were tested by electrophysiological experiment, the expression of CaMKIIa, p-T305-CaMKII in hippocampus and CaMKIIα in hippocampal PSD fraction were evaluated by western blot. Results suggested ECS raised the baseline fEPSP and impaired the subsequent LTP, increased the expression of p-T305-CaMKII and decreased the expression of CaMKIIα in hippocampal PSD fraction, leading to cognitive dysfunction in stressed rats. Propofol could down-regulate the baseline fEPSP and reversed the impairment of LTP partly, decreased the expression of p-T305-CaMKII and increased the expression of CaMKIIα in hippocampal PSD fraction and alleviated ECS-induced learning and memory impairment. In conclusion, propofol ameliorates ECS-induced learning and memory impairment, possibly by regulation of synaptic metaplasticity via p-T305-CaMKII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ren
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Su Min
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Xuechao Hao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Peipei Qin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xianlin Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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13
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Ruan CS, Yang CR, Li JY, Luo HY, Bobrovskaya L, Zhou XF. Mice with Sort1 deficiency display normal cognition but elevated anxiety-like behavior. Exp Neurol 2016; 281:99-108. [PMID: 27118371 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to stressful life events plays a central role in the development of mood disorders in vulnerable individuals. However, the mechanisms that link mood disorders to stress are poorly understood. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has long been implicated in positive regulation of depression and anxiety, while its precursor (proBDNF) recently showed an opposing effect on such mental illnesses. P75(NTR) and sortilin are co-receptors of proBDNF, however, the role of these receptors in mood regulation is not established. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of sortilin in regulating mood-related behaviors and its role in the proBDNF-mediated mood abnormality in mice. We found that sortilin was up-regulated in neocortex (by 78.3%) and hippocampus (by 111%) of chronically stressed mice as assessed by western blot analysis. These changes were associated with decreased mobility in the open field test and increased depression-like behavior in the forced swimming test. We also found that sortilin deficiency in mice resulted in hyperlocomotion in the open field test and increased anxiety-like behavior in both the open field and elevated plus maze tests. No depression-like behavior in the forced swimming test and no deficit in spatial cognition in the Morris water maze test were found in the Sort1-deficient mice. Moreover, the intracellular and extracellular levels of mature BDNF and proBDNF were not changed when sortilin was absent in vivo and in vitro. Finally, we found that both WT and Sort1-deficient mice injected with proBDNF in lateral ventricle displayed increased depression-like behavior in the forced swimming test but not anxiety-like behaviors in the open field and elevated plus maze tests. The present study suggests that sortilin functions as a negative regulator of mood performance and can be a therapeutic target for the treatment of mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Sheng Ruan
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Chun-Rui Yang
- Department of Pathology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Jia-Yi Li
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Hai-Yun Luo
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Larisa Bobrovskaya
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, SA 5000, Australia.
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14
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Fluoxetine protects against IL-1β-induced neuronal apoptosis via downregulation of p53. Neuropharmacology 2016; 107:68-78. [PMID: 26976669 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, exerts neuroprotective effects in a variety of neurological diseases including stroke, but the underlying mechanism remains obscure. In the present study, we addressed the molecular events in fluoxetine against ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute neuronal injury and inflammation-induced neuronal apoptosis. We showed that treatment of fluoxetine (40 mg/kg, i.p.) with twice injections at 1 h and 12 h after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) respectively alleviated neurological deficits and neuronal apoptosis in a mouse ischemic stroke model, accompanied by inhibiting interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Bax and p53 expression and upregulating anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 level. We next mimicked neuroinflammation in ischemic stroke with IL-1β in primary cultured cortical neurons and found that pretreatment with fluoxetine (1 μM) prevented IL-1β-induced neuronal apoptosis and upregulation of p53 expression. Furthermore, we demonstrated that p53 overexpression in N2a cell line abolished the anti-apoptotic effect of fluoxetine, indicating that p53 downregulation is required for the protective role of fluoxetine in IL-1β-induced neuronal apoptosis. Fluoxetine downregulating p53 expression could be mimicked by SB203580, a specific inhibitor of p38, but blocked by anisomycin, a p38 activator. Collectively, our findings have revealed that fluoxetine protects against IL-1β-induced neuronal apoptosis via p38-p53 dependent pathway, which give us an insight into the potential of fluoxetine in terms of opening up novel therapeutic avenues for neurological diseases including stroke.
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15
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Quines CB, Rosa SG, Velasquez D, Da Rocha JT, Neto JSS, Nogueira CW. Diphenyl diselenide elicits antidepressant-like activity in rats exposed to monosodium glutamate: A contribution of serotonin uptake and Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity. Behav Brain Res 2015; 301:161-7. [PMID: 26738966 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a disorder with symptoms manifested at the psychological, behavioral and physiological levels. Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is the most widely used additive in the food industry; however, some adverse effects induced by this additive have been demonstrated in experimental animals and humans, including functional and behavioral alterations. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible antidepressant-like effect of diphenyl diselenide (PhSe)2, an organoselenium compound with pharmacological properties already documented, in the depressive-like behavior induced by MSG in rats. Male and female newborn Wistar rats were divided in control and MSG groups, which received, respectively, a daily subcutaneous injection of saline (0.9%) or MSG (4g/kg/day) from the 1st to 5th postnatal day. At 60th day of life, animals received (PhSe)2 (10mg/kg, intragastrically) 25min before spontaneous locomotor and forced swimming tests (FST). The cerebral cortices of rats were removed to determine [(3)H] serotonin (5-HT) uptake and Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity. A single administration of (PhSe)2 was effective against locomotor hyperactivity caused by MSG in rats. (PhSe)2 treatment protected against the increase in the immobility time and a decrease in the latency for the first episode of immobility in the FST induced by MSG. Furthermore, (PhSe)2 reduced the [(3)H] 5-HT uptake and restored Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity altered by MSG. In the present study a single administration of (PhSe)2 elicited an antidepressant-like effect and decrease the synaptosomal [(3)H] 5-HT uptake and an increase in the Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity in MSG-treated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline B Quines
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900 RS, Brazil
| | - Suzan G Rosa
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900 RS, Brazil
| | - Daniela Velasquez
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900 RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana T Da Rocha
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900 RS, Brazil
| | - José S S Neto
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900 RS, Brazil
| | - Cristina W Nogueira
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900 RS, Brazil.
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16
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Nishimura Y, Okabe S, Sasagawa S, Murakami S, Ashikawa Y, Yuge M, Kawaguchi K, Kawase R, Tanaka T. Pharmacological profiling of zebrafish behavior using chemical and genetic classification of sleep-wake modifiers. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:257. [PMID: 26578964 PMCID: PMC4630575 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep-wake states are impaired in various neurological disorders. Impairment of sleep-wake states can be an early condition that exacerbates these disorders. Therefore, treating sleep-wake dysfunction may prevent or slow the development of these diseases. Although many gene products are likely to be involved in the sleep-wake disturbance, hypnotics and psychostimulants clinically used are limited in terms of their mode of action and are not without side effects. Therefore, there is a growing demand for developing new hypnotics and psychostimulants with high efficacy and few side effects. Toward this end, animal models are indispensable for use in genetic and chemical screens to identify sleep-wake modifiers. As a proof-of-concept study, we performed behavioral profiling of zebrafish treated with chemical and genetic sleep-wake modifiers. We were able to demonstrate that behavioral profiling of zebrafish treated with hypnotics or psychostimulants from 9 to 10 days post-fertilization was sufficient to identify drugs with specific modes of action. We were also able to identify behavioral endpoints distinguishing GABA-A modulators and hypocretin (hcrt) receptor antagonists and between sympathomimetic and non-sympathomimetic psychostimulants. This behavioral profiling can serve to identify genes related to sleep-wake disturbance associated with various neuropsychiatric diseases and novel therapeutic compounds for insomnia and excessive daytime sleep with fewer adverse side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhei Nishimura
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Tsu, Japan ; Mie University Medical Zebrafish Research Center Tsu, Japan ; Department of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Tsu, Japan ; Department of Omics Medicine, Mie University Industrial Technology Innovation Institute Tsu, Japan ; Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Life Science Research Center Tsu, Japan
| | - Shiko Okabe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Tsu, Japan
| | - Shota Sasagawa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Tsu, Japan
| | - Soichiro Murakami
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Tsu, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Ashikawa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Tsu, Japan
| | - Mizuki Yuge
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Tsu, Japan
| | - Koki Kawaguchi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Tsu, Japan
| | - Reiko Kawase
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Tsu, Japan
| | - Toshio Tanaka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Tsu, Japan ; Mie University Medical Zebrafish Research Center Tsu, Japan ; Department of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Tsu, Japan ; Department of Omics Medicine, Mie University Industrial Technology Innovation Institute Tsu, Japan ; Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Life Science Research Center Tsu, Japan
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17
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Krahe TE, Medina AE, Lantz CL, Filgueiras CC. Hyperactivity and depression-like traits in Bax KO mice. Brain Res 2015; 1625:246-54. [PMID: 26363094 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The Bax gene is a member of the Bcl-2 gene family and its pro-apoptotic Bcl-associated X (Bax) protein is believed to be crucial in regulating apoptosis during neuronal development as well as following injury. With the advent of mouse genomics, mice lacking the pro-apoptotic Bax gene (Bax KO) have been extensively used to study how cell death helps to determine synaptic circuitry formation during neurodevelopment and disease. Surprisingly, in spite of its wide use and the association of programmed neuronal death with motor dysfunctions and depression, the effects of Bax deletion on mice spontaneous locomotor activity and depression-like traits are unknown. Here we examine the behavioral characteristics of Bax KO male mice using classical paradigms to evaluate spontaneous locomotor activity and depressive-like responses. In the open field, Bax KO animals exhibited greater locomotor activity than their control littermates. In the forced swimming test, Bax KO mice displayed greater immobility times, a behavior despair state, when compared to controls. Collectively, our findings corroborate the notion that a fine balance between cell survival and death early during development is critical for normal brain function later in life. Furthermore, it points out the importance of considering depressive-like and hyperactivity behavioral phenotypes when conducting neurodevelopmental and other studies using the Bax KO strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Krahe
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, IBRAG, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, USA
| | | | - Crystal L Lantz
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
| | - Cláudio C Filgueiras
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, IBRAG, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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