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Engler-Chiurazzi E. B cells and the stressed brain: emerging evidence of neuroimmune interactions in the context of psychosocial stress and major depression. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1360242. [PMID: 38650657 PMCID: PMC11033448 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1360242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The immune system has emerged as a key regulator of central nervous system (CNS) function in health and in disease. Importantly, improved understanding of immune contributions to mood disorders has provided novel opportunities for the treatment of debilitating stress-related mental health conditions such as major depressive disorder (MDD). Yet, the impact to, and involvement of, B lymphocytes in the response to stress is not well-understood, leaving a fundamental gap in our knowledge underlying the immune theory of depression. Several emerging clinical and preclinical findings highlight pronounced consequences for B cells in stress and MDD and may indicate key roles for B cells in modulating mood. This review will describe the clinical and foundational observations implicating B cell-psychological stress interactions, discuss potential mechanisms by which B cells may impact brain function in the context of stress and mood disorders, describe research tools that support the investigation of their neurobiological impacts, and highlight remaining research questions. The goal here is for this discussion to illuminate both the scope and limitations of our current understanding regarding the role of B cells, stress, mood, and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Engler-Chiurazzi
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
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2
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Wang AA, Luessi F, Neziraj T, Pössnecker E, Zuo M, Engel S, Hanuscheck N, Florescu A, Bugbee E, Ma XI, Rana F, Lee D, Ward LA, Kuhle J, Himbert J, Schraad M, van Puijenbroek E, Klein C, Urich E, Ramaglia V, Pröbstel AK, Zipp F, Gommerman JL. B cell depletion with anti-CD20 promotes neuroprotection in a BAFF-dependent manner in mice and humans. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadi0295. [PMID: 38446903 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adi0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Anti-CD20 therapy to deplete B cells is highly efficacious in preventing new white matter lesions in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), but its protective capacity against gray matter injury and axonal damage is unclear. In a passive experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model whereby TH17 cells promote brain leptomeningeal immune cell aggregates, we found that anti-CD20 treatment effectively spared myelin content and prevented myeloid cell activation, oxidative damage, and mitochondrial stress in the subpial gray matter. Anti-CD20 treatment increased B cell survival factor (BAFF) in the serum, cerebrospinal fluid, and leptomeninges of mice with EAE. Although anti-CD20 prevented gray matter demyelination, axonal loss, and neuronal atrophy, co-treatment with anti-BAFF abrogated these benefits. Consistent with the murine studies, we observed that elevated BAFF concentrations after anti-CD20 treatment in patients with RRMS were associated with better clinical outcomes. Moreover, BAFF promoted survival of human neurons in vitro. Together, our data demonstrate that BAFF exerts beneficial functions in MS and EAE in the context of anti-CD20 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela A Wang
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Felix Luessi
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tradite Neziraj
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Pössnecker
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michelle Zuo
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Sinah Engel
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nicholas Hanuscheck
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexandra Florescu
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Eryn Bugbee
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Xianjie I Ma
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Fatima Rana
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Dennis Lee
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Lesley A Ward
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jens Kuhle
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Himbert
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Muriel Schraad
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Christian Klein
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Glycart AG, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Eduard Urich
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Valeria Ramaglia
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Anne-Katrin Pröbstel
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frauke Zipp
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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Lin J, Deng W, Liao J, Ke D, Cui L, Zhong H, Huang K, Jiang L, Chen Q, Xu F, Tang F. BAFF deficiency aggravated optic nerve crush-induced retinal ganglion cells damage by regulating apoptosis and neuroinflammation via NF-κB-IκBα signaling. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 126:111287. [PMID: 38041956 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) is a primary cause of visual impairment in glaucoma, the pathological process is closely related to neuroinflammation and apoptosis. B-cell activating factor (BAFF) is a fundamental survival factor mainly expressed in the B cell lineage. Evidence suggests its neuroprotective effect, but the expression and role in the retina have not yet been investigated. In this study, we adopt optic nerve crush (ONC) as an in vivo model and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) of RGCs as an in vitro model to investigate the expression and function of BAFF. We found that BAFF and its receptors were abundantly expressed in the retina and BAFF inhibition exacerbated the caspase 3-mediated RGCs apoptosis, glial cell activation and pro-inflammatory cytokines expression, which may be caused by the activation of the NF-κB pathway in vivo. In addition, we found that BAFF treatment could alleviate RGCs apoptosis, pro-inflammatory cytokines expression and NF-κB pathway activation, which could be reversed the effect by blockade of the NF-κB pathway in vitro. Meanwhile, we found that microglia induced to overexpress BAFF in the inflammatory microenvironment in a time-dependent manner. Taken together, our results indicated that BAFF deficiency promoted RGCs apoptosis and neuroinflammation through activation of NF-κB pathway in ONC retinas, suggesting that BAFF may serve as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, 534000, 0771-2186574 Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Wen Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, 534000, 0771-2186574 Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jing Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, 534000, 0771-2186574 Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Diyang Ke
- Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, 534000, 0771-2186574 Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ling Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, 534000, 0771-2186574 Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Haibin Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, 534000, 0771-2186574 Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Kongqian Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, 534000, 0771-2186574 Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, 534000, 0771-2186574 Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, 534000, 0771-2186574 Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Fan Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, 534000, 0771-2186574 Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Fen Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, 534000, 0771-2186574 Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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Wang Z, Wang Y, Cui Y, Chen Z, Yi L, Zhu Z, Ni J, Du R, Wang X, Zhu J, Ding F, Quan W, Zhang R, Hu J, Yan X. Association of Serum BAFF Levels with Cardiovascular Events in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041692. [PMID: 36836225 PMCID: PMC9964977 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The B cell activating factor (BAFF) is a B cell survival factor involved in atherosclerosis and ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. This study sought to investigate whether BAFF is a potential predictor of poor outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). METHODS We prospectively enrolled 299 patients with STEMI, and serum levels of BAFF were measured. All subjects were followed for three years. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), including cardiovascular death, nonfatal reinfarction, hospitalization for heart failure (HF), and stroke. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were constructed to analyze the predictive value of BAFF for MACEs. RESULTS In multivariate analysis, BAFF was independently associated with risk of MACEs (adjusted HR 1.525, 95% CI 1.085-2.145; p = 0.015) and cardiovascular death (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 3.632, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.132-11.650, p = 0.030) after adjustment for traditional risk factors. Kaplan-Meier survival curves demonstrated that patients with BAFF levels above the cut-off value (1.46 ng/mL) were more likely to have MACEs (log-rank p < 0.0001) and cardiovascular death (log-rank p < 0.0001). In subgroup analysis, the impact of high BAFF on MACEs development was stronger in patients without dyslipidemia. Furthermore, the C-statistic and Integrated Discrimination Improvement (IDI) values for MACEs were improved with BAFF as an independent risk factor or when combined with cardiac troponin I. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that higher BAFF levels in the acute phase are an independent predictor of the incidence of MACEs in patients with STEMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yueying Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yuke Cui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zhiyong Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Lei Yi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zhengbin Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jingwei Ni
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Run Du
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiaoqun Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jinzhou Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Fenghua Ding
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Weiwei Quan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ruiyan Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Correspondence: (R.Z.); (J.H.); (X.Y.); Tel./Fax: +86-21-6445-7177 (R.Z. & J.H. & X.Y.)
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Correspondence: (R.Z.); (J.H.); (X.Y.); Tel./Fax: +86-21-6445-7177 (R.Z. & J.H. & X.Y.)
| | - Xiaoxiang Yan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Correspondence: (R.Z.); (J.H.); (X.Y.); Tel./Fax: +86-21-6445-7177 (R.Z. & J.H. & X.Y.)
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Korf JM, Honarpisheh P, Mohan EC, Banerjee A, Blasco-Conesa MP, Honarpisheh P, Guzman GU, Khan R, Ganesh BP, Hazen AL, Lee J, Kumar A, McCullough LD, Chauhan A. CD11b high B Cells Increase after Stroke and Regulate Microglia. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:288-300. [PMID: 35732342 PMCID: PMC9446461 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted the deleterious contributions of B cells to post-stroke recovery and cognitive decline. Different B cell subsets have been proposed on the basis of expression levels of transcription factors (e.g., T-bet) as well as specific surface proteins. CD11b (α-chain of integrin) is expressed by several immune cell types and is involved in regulation of cell motility, phagocytosis, and other essential functions of host immunity. Although B cells express CD11b, the CD11bhigh subset of B cells has not been well characterized, especially in immune dysregulation seen with aging and after stroke. Here, we investigate the role of CD11bhigh B cells in immune responses after stroke in young and aged mice. We evaluated the ability of CD11bhigh B cells to influence pro- and anti-inflammatory phenotypes of young and aged microglia (MG). We hypothesized that CD11bhigh B cells accumulate in the brain and contribute to neuroinflammation in aging and after stroke. We found that CD11bhigh B cells are a heterogeneous subpopulation of B cells predominantly present in naive aged mice. Their frequency increases in the brain after stroke in young and aged mice. Importantly, CD11bhigh B cells regulate MG phenotype and increase MG phagocytosis in both ex vivo and in vivo settings, likely by production of regulatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α). As both APCs and adaptive immune cells with long-term memory function, B cells are uniquely positioned to regulate acute and chronic phases of the post-stroke immune response, and their influence is subset specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle M Korf
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX
| | - Pedram Honarpisheh
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX
| | - Eric C Mohan
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - Anik Banerjee
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX
| | | | - Parisa Honarpisheh
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - Gary U Guzman
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - Romeesa Khan
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - Bhanu P Ganesh
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - Amy L Hazen
- University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, Houston, TX
| | - Juneyoung Lee
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - Aditya Kumar
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - Louise D McCullough
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - Anjali Chauhan
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX;
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Finger CE, Moreno-Gonzalez I, Gutierrez A, Moruno-Manchon JF, McCullough LD. Age-related immune alterations and cerebrovascular inflammation. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:803-818. [PMID: 34711943 PMCID: PMC9046462 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01361-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with chronic systemic inflammation, which contributes to the development of many age-related diseases, including vascular disease. The world's population is aging, leading to an increasing prevalence of both stroke and vascular dementia. The inflammatory response to ischemic stroke is critical to both stroke pathophysiology and recovery. Age is a predictor of poor outcomes after stroke. The immune response to stroke is altered in aged individuals, which contributes to the disparate outcomes between young and aged patients. In this review, we describe the current knowledge of the effects of aging on the immune system and the cerebral vasculature and how these changes alter the immune response to stroke and vascular dementia in animal and human studies. Potential implications of these age-related immune alterations on chronic inflammation in vascular disease outcome are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carson E. Finger
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX USA
| | - Ines Moreno-Gonzalez
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX USA ,grid.10215.370000 0001 2298 7828Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Faculty of Sciences, Malaga University, Malaga, Spain ,grid.418264.d0000 0004 1762 4012Biomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Malaga, Spain
| | - Antonia Gutierrez
- grid.10215.370000 0001 2298 7828Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Faculty of Sciences, Malaga University, Malaga, Spain ,grid.418264.d0000 0004 1762 4012Biomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Malaga, Spain
| | - Jose Felix Moruno-Manchon
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX USA
| | - Louise D. McCullough
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX USA
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Molecular Mechanisms of Neuroimmune Crosstalk in the Pathogenesis of Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179486. [PMID: 34502395 PMCID: PMC8431165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke disrupts the homeostatic balance within the brain and is associated with a significant accumulation of necrotic cellular debris, fluid, and peripheral immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS). Additionally, cells, antigens, and other factors exit the brain into the periphery via damaged blood–brain barrier cells, glymphatic transport mechanisms, and lymphatic vessels, which dramatically influence the systemic immune response and lead to complex neuroimmune communication. As a result, the immunological response after stroke is a highly dynamic event that involves communication between multiple organ systems and cell types, with significant consequences on not only the initial stroke tissue injury but long-term recovery in the CNS. In this review, we discuss the complex immunological and physiological interactions that occur after stroke with a focus on how the peripheral immune system and CNS communicate to regulate post-stroke brain homeostasis. First, we discuss the post-stroke immune cascade across different contexts as well as homeostatic regulation within the brain. Then, we focus on the lymphatic vessels surrounding the brain and their ability to coordinate both immune response and fluid homeostasis within the brain after stroke. Finally, we discuss how therapeutic manipulation of peripheral systems may provide new mechanisms to treat stroke injury.
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8
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Möckel T, Basta F, Weinmann-Menke J, Schwarting A. B cell activating factor (BAFF): Structure, functions, autoimmunity and clinical implications in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Autoimmun Rev 2020; 20:102736. [PMID: 33333233 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The B cell activating factor (BAFF), or B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS), is a B cell survival factor which supports autoreactive B cells and prevents their deletion. BAFF expression is closely linked with autoimmunity and is enhanced by genetic alterations and viral infections. Furthermore, BAFF seems to be involved in adipogenesis, atherosclerosis, neuro-inflammatory processes and ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. BAFF is commonly overexpressed in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and strongly involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. The relationship between BAFF levels, disease activity and damage accrual in SLE is controversial, but growing evidence is emerging on its role in renal involvement. Belimumab, a biologic BAFF inhibitor, has been the first biologic agent licensed for SLE therapy so far. As Rituximab (RTX) has been shown to increase BAFF levels following B cell depletion, the combination therapy of RTX plus belimumab (being evaluated in two RCT) seems to be a valuable option for several clinical scenarios. In this review we will highlight the growing body of evidence of immune and non-immune related BAFF expression in experimental and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Möckel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Fabio Basta
- Acura Rheumatology Center Rhineland Palatinate, Bad Kreuznach, Germany
| | - Julia Weinmann-Menke
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Schwarting
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Acura Rheumatology Center Rhineland Palatinate, Bad Kreuznach, Germany
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Seasonal changes in NRF2 antioxidant pathway regulates winter depression-like behavior. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:9594-9603. [PMID: 32277035 PMCID: PMC7196813 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2000278117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
At high latitudes, about 10% of the population suffers from depression in winter. Although it has become a serious public health issue, its underlying mechanism remains unknown. Interestingly, animals also show depression-like behavior in winter, and small teleosts have emerged as powerful models for the study of complex brain disorders. Here, we show that medaka exhibit decreased sociability and increased anxiety-like behavior under winter-like conditions. Using metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses, we found changes in multiple signaling pathways involved in depression, including the NRF2 antioxidant pathway. Chemical genomics and targeted mutation of the NRF2 gene revealed that seasonal changes in the NRF2 pathway regulate winter depression-like behavior. This study provides insights into the understanding and treatment of seasonally regulated affective disorders. Seasonal changes in the environment lead to depression-like behaviors in humans and animals. The underlying mechanisms, however, are unknown. We observed decreased sociability and increased anxiety-like behavior in medaka fish exposed to winter-like conditions. Whole brain metabolomic analysis revealed seasonal changes in 68 metabolites, including neurotransmitters and antioxidants associated with depression. Transcriptome analysis identified 3,306 differentially expressed transcripts, including inflammatory markers, melanopsins, and circadian clock genes. Further analyses revealed seasonal changes in multiple signaling pathways implicated in depression, including the nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (NRF2) antioxidant pathway. A broad-spectrum chemical screen revealed that celastrol (a traditional Chinese medicine) uniquely reversed winter behavior. NRF2 is a celastrol target expressed in the habenula (HB), known to play a critical role in the pathophysiology of depression. Another NRF2 chemical activator phenocopied these effects, and an NRF2 mutant showed decreased sociability. Our study provides important insights into winter depression and offers potential therapeutic targets involving NRF2.
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Wu L, Xiong X, Wu X, Ye Y, Jian Z, Zhi Z, Gu L. Targeting Oxidative Stress and Inflammation to Prevent Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:28. [PMID: 32194375 PMCID: PMC7066113 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebral ischemia injury can result in neuronal death and/or functional impairment, which leads to further damage and dysfunction after recovery of blood supply. Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI) often causes irreversible brain damage and neuronal injury and death, which involves many complex pathological processes including oxidative stress, amino acid toxicity, the release of endogenous substances, inflammation and apoptosis. Oxidative stress and inflammation are interactive and play critical roles in ischemia/reperfusion injury in the brain. Oxidative stress is important in the pathological process of ischemic stroke and is critical for the cascade development of ischemic injury. Oxidative stress is caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) during cerebral ischemia and is more likely to lead to cell death and ultimately brain death after reperfusion. During reperfusion especially, superoxide anion free radicals, hydroxyl free radicals, and nitric oxide (NO) are produced, which can cause lipid peroxidation, inflammation and cell apoptosis. Inflammation alters the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors in cerebral ischemic injury. Inflammatory factors can therefore stimulate or exacerbate inflammation and aggravate ischemic injury. Neuroprotective therapies for various stages of the cerebral ischemia cascade response have received widespread attention. At present, neuroprotective drugs mainly include free radical scavengers, anti-inflammatory agents, and anti-apoptotic agents. However, the molecular mechanisms of the interaction between oxidative stress and inflammation, and their interplay with different types of programmed cell death in ischemia/reperfusion injury are unclear. The development of a suitable method for combination therapy has become a hot topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liquan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxing Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaomin Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingze Ye
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihong Jian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zeng Zhi
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijuan Gu
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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11
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Chamera K, Trojan E, Szuster-Głuszczak M, Basta-Kaim A. The Potential Role of Dysfunctions in Neuron-Microglia Communication in the Pathogenesis of Brain Disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:408-430. [PMID: 31729301 PMCID: PMC7457436 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666191113101629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The bidirectional communication between neurons and microglia is fundamental for the proper functioning of the central nervous system (CNS). Chemokines and clusters of differentiation (CD) along with their receptors represent ligand-receptor signalling that is uniquely important for neuron - microglia communication. Among these molecules, CX3CL1 (fractalkine) and CD200 (OX-2 membrane glycoprotein) come to the fore because of their cell-type-specific localization. They are principally expressed by neurons when their receptors, CX3CR1 and CD200R, respectively, are predominantly present on the microglia, resulting in the specific axis which maintains the CNS homeostasis. Disruptions to this balance are suggested as contributors or even the basis for many neurological diseases. In this review, we discuss the roles of CX3CL1, CD200 and their receptors in both physiological and pathological processes within the CNS. We want to underline the critical involvement of these molecules in controlling neuron - microglia communication, noting that dysfunctions in their interactions constitute a key factor in severe neurological diseases, such as schizophrenia, depression and neurodegeneration-based conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Chamera
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St. 31-343Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Trojan
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St. 31-343Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szuster-Głuszczak
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St. 31-343Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Basta-Kaim
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St. 31-343Kraków, Poland
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12
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Wise LM, Stohl W. The safety of belimumab for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2019; 18:1133-1144. [DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2019.1685978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leanna M Wise
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - William Stohl
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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13
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Lee WH, Seo D, Lim SG, Suk K. Reverse Signaling of Tumor Necrosis Factor Superfamily Proteins in Macrophages and Microglia: Superfamily Portrait in the Neuroimmune Interface. Front Immunol 2019; 10:262. [PMID: 30838001 PMCID: PMC6389649 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily (TNFSF) is a protein superfamily of type II transmembrane proteins commonly containing the TNF homology domain. The superfamily contains more than 20 protein members, which can be released from the cell membrane by proteolytic cleavage. Members of the TNFSF function as cytokines and regulate diverse biological processes, including immune responses, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and embryogenesis, by binding to TNFSF receptors. Many TNFSF proteins are also known to be responsible for the regulation of innate immunity and inflammation. Both receptor-mediated forward signaling and ligand-mediated reverse signaling play important roles in these processes. In this review, we discuss the functional expression and roles of various reverse signaling molecules and pathways of TNFSF members in macrophages and microglia in the central nervous system (CNS). A thorough understanding of the roles of TNFSF ligands and receptors in the activation of macrophages and microglia may improve the treatment of inflammatory diseases in the brain and periphery. In particular, TNFSF reverse signaling in microglia can be exploited to gain further insights into the functions of the neuroimmune interface in physiological and pathological processes in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Ha Lee
- BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Donggun Seo
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Su-Geun Lim
- BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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14
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Rayasam A, Hsu M, Kijak JA, Kissel L, Hernandez G, Sandor M, Fabry Z. Immune responses in stroke: how the immune system contributes to damage and healing after stroke and how this knowledge could be translated to better cures? Immunology 2018; 154:363-376. [PMID: 29494762 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. The long-standing dogma that stroke is exclusively a vascular disease has been questioned by extensive clinical findings of immune factors that are associated mostly with inflammation after stroke. These have been confirmed in preclinical studies using experimental animal models. It is now accepted that inflammation and immune mediators are critical in acute and long-term neuronal tissue damage and healing following thrombotic and ischaemic stroke. Despite mounting information delineating the role of the immune system in stroke, the mechanisms of how inflammatory cells and their mediators are involved in stroke-induced neuroinflammation are still not fully understood. Currently, there is no available treatment for targeting the acute immune response that develops in the brain during cerebral ischaemia. No new treatment has been introduced to stroke therapy since the discovery of tissue plasminogen activator therapy in 1996. Here, we review current knowledge of the immunity of stroke and identify critical gaps that hinder current therapies. We will discuss advances in the understanding of the complex innate and adaptive immune responses in stroke; mechanisms of immune cell-mediated and factor-mediated vascular and tissue injury; immunity-induced tissue repair; and the importance of modulating immunity in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Rayasam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Martin Hsu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Julie A Kijak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lee Kissel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Gianna Hernandez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Matyas Sandor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Zsuzsanna Fabry
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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