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Wongsaengchan C, McCafferty DJ, Lennox K, Nager RG, McKeegan DEF. Non-invasive assessment of positive affective state using infra-red thermography in rats. Anim Welf 2023; 32:e66. [PMID: 38510988 PMCID: PMC10951672 DOI: 10.1017/awf.2023.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
With recent increased focus on positive welfare in animal welfare science, there is demand for objective positive welfare indicators. It is unclear whether changes in body surface temperature can be used to non-invasively identify and quantify positive states in mammals. We recorded continuous measurements of tail surface temperature using infra-red thermography (IRT) and concurrent behavioural observations in male and female Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). If tail surface temperature can differentiate between positive and negative experiences, we expect a qualitatively different response compared to negative experiences. Three groups of rats were presented with increasing magnitudes of food rewards (neutral/none, one and three rewards). The rats were placed in an arena to which they were habituated and filmed for 30 s before and 30 min after exposure to different rewards. Tail temperature initially decreased from the pre-reward baseline and subsequently returned towards baseline temperature. The overall pattern of the change was the same as for rats subjected to negative stimuli in previous studies. Nevertheless, dynamic changes in tail temperature, specifically the rate of recovery and the behavioural response (exploration), differed between neutral and rewarded rats but failed to distinguish reward magnitude. Sex differences were found in both thermal and behavioural responses, unrelated to reward magnitudes. Female rats exhibited a greater initial response with a slower recovery than male rats, emphasising the value of using of both sexes in animal welfare research. This study improves our understanding of the effects of positive emotions induced by food reward on peripheral body temperature and behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanakarn Wongsaengchan
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, GlasgowG12 8QQ, UK
- School of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9JP, UK
| | - Dominic J McCafferty
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, GlasgowG12 8QQ, UK
| | - Katie Lennox
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, GlasgowG12 8QQ, UK
| | - Ruedi G Nager
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, GlasgowG12 8QQ, UK
| | - Dorothy EF McKeegan
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, GlasgowG12 8QQ, UK
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Daiuto SA, de Carvalho RP, do Vale B, Dsouki NA, Giannocco G, Cafarchio EM, Aronsson P, Sato MA. Angiotensinergic and GABAergic transmission in the medial preoptic area: role in urinary bladder and cardiovascular control in female rats. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1224505. [PMID: 37772054 PMCID: PMC10524595 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1224505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The medial preoptic area (mPOA) participates in thermoregulatory control and blood pressure modulation as shown by studies with electrical stimulation of this area or cobalt chloride injection, a non-selective synapse inhibitor. This study aimed to investigate whether angiotensin II (Ang II) and GABA could act or not in the mPOA to mediate the cardiovascular and micturition control pathways. Methods: Female Wistar rats were submitted to stereotaxic surgery for implantation of a guide cannula into the mPOA 7 days prior to the experiments. Afterwards, the animals were isoflurane- anesthetized and submitted to the catheterization of the femoral artery and vein and urinary bladder cannulation for mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and intravesical pressure (IP) recordings, respectively. After the baseline MAP, HR, and IP recordings for 15 min, Ang II (0.1 nM, 1 μL), losartan (AT-1 receptor antagonist, 100 nM, 1 μL), GABA (50 mM, 1 μL) or saline (1 μL) were injected into the mPOA, and the variables were measured for additional 30 min. In a different group of rats, the AT-1 receptor, angiotensin II converting enzyme (ACE), and GABAa receptor gene expression was evaluated in mPOA samples by qPCR. The data are as mean ± SEM and submitted to One-way ANOVA (Tukey posttest) or paired Student t-test (P <0.05). Results: The injection of Ang II into the mPOA evoked a significant hypotension (-37±10 mmHg, n = 6, p = 0.024) and bradycardia (-47 ± 20 bpm, p = 0.030) compared to saline (+1 ± 1 mmHg and +6 ± 2 bpm, n = 6). A significant increase in IP was observed after Ang II injection into the mPOA (+72.25 ± 17.91%, p = 0.015 vs. -1.80 ± 2.98%, n = 6, saline). No significant changes were observed in MAP, HR and IP after the losartan injection in the mPOA compared to saline injection. Injection of GABA into the mPOA evoked a significant fall in MAP and HR (-68 ± 2 mmHg, n = 6, p < 0.0001 and -115 ± 14 bpm, n = 6, p = 0.0002 vs. -1 ± 1 mmHg and +4 ± 2 bpm, n = 6, saline), but no significant changes were observed in IP. The AT-1 receptor, ACE and GABAa receptor mRNA expression was observed in all mPOA samples. Discussion: Therefore, in female rats, Ang II mediated transmission in the mPOA is involved in the cardiovascular regulation and in the control of central micturition pathways. A phasic control dependent on AT-1 receptors in the mPOA seems to be involved in the regulation of those cardiovascular and intravesical 3 parameters. In contrast, GABAergic transmission in the mPOA participates in the pathways of cardiovascular control in anesthetized female rats, nevertheless, this neurotransmission is not involved in the micturition control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio A. Daiuto
- Department Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro Universitario FMABC, Santo Andre, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo P. de Carvalho
- Department Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro Universitario FMABC, Santo Andre, Brazil
| | - Bárbara do Vale
- Department Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro Universitario FMABC, Santo Andre, Brazil
| | - Nuha A. Dsouki
- Department Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro Universitario FMABC, Santo Andre, Brazil
| | - Gisele Giannocco
- Department Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M. Cafarchio
- Department Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro Universitario FMABC, Santo Andre, Brazil
| | - Patrik Aronsson
- Department Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Monica A. Sato
- Department Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro Universitario FMABC, Santo Andre, Brazil
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Wongsaengchan C, McCafferty DJ, Evans NP, McKeegan DEF, Nager RG. Body surface temperature of rats reveals both magnitude and sex differences in the acute stress response. Physiol Behav 2023; 264:114138. [PMID: 36871696 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how biological markers of stress relate to stressor magnitude is much needed and can be used in welfare assessment. Changes in body surface temperature can be measured using infrared thermography (IRT) as a marker of a physiological response to acute stress. While an avian study has shown that changes in body surface temperature can reflect the intensity of acute stress, little is known about surface temperature responses to stressors of different magnitudes and its sex-specificity in mammals, and how they correlate with hormonal and behavioural responses. We used IRT to collect continuous surface temperature measurements of tail and eye of adult male and female rats (Rattus norvegicus), for 30 minutes after exposure to one of three stressors (small cage, encircling handling or rodent restraint cone) for one minute, and cross-validated the thermal response with plasma corticosterone (CORT) and behavioural assessment. To obtain individual baseline temperatures and thermal responses to stress, rats were imaged in a test arena (to which they were habituated) for 30 seconds before and 30 minutes after being exposed to the stressor. In response to the three stressors, tail temperature initially decreased and then recovered to, or overshot the baseline temperature. Tail temperature dynamics differed between stressors; being restrained in the small cage was associated with the smallest drop in temperature, in male rats, and the fastest thermal recovery, in both sexes. Increases in eye temperature only distinguished between stressors early in the response and only in females. The post stressor increase in eye temperature was greater in the right eye of males and the left eye of females. In both sexes encircling may have been associated with the fastest increase in CORT. These results were in line with observed behavioural changes, with greater movement in rats exposed to the small cage and higher immobility after encircling. The female tail and eye temperature, as well as the CORT concentrations did not return to pre-stressor levels in the observation period, in conjunction with the greater occurrence of escape-related behaviours in female rats. These results suggest that female rats are more vulnerable to acute restraint stress compared to male rats and emphasise the importance of using both sexes in future investigations of stressor magnitude. This study demonstrates that acute stress induced changes in mammalian surface temperature measured with IRT relate to the magnitude of restraint stress, indicate sex differences and correlate with hormonal and behavioural responses. Thus, IRT has the potential to become a non-invasive method of continuous welfare assessment in unrestrained mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanakarn Wongsaengchan
- School of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9JP, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic J McCafferty
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Scottish Centre for Ecology and the Natural Environment, Rowardennan, G63 0AW, United Kingdom
| | - Neil P Evans
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Jarrett Building, Glasgow, G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - Dorothy E F McKeegan
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Jarrett Building, Glasgow, G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - Ruedi G Nager
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom.
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Maganga-Bakita I, Aiken AA, Puracchio MJ, Kentner AC, Hunter RG. Regulatory Effects of Maternal Immune Activation and Environmental Enrichment on Glucocorticoid Receptor and FKBP5 Expression in Stress-sensitive Regions of the Offspring Brain. Neuroscience 2022; 505:51-58. [PMID: 36116554 PMCID: PMC9888218 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A mother's exposure to immune challenge during pregnancy is well known to be a detrimental factor to the development of the offspring's brain and an impetus for neuropsychiatric disorders. Previous studies have shown that these adverse events can dysregulate the stress response machinery. Two crucial components of the stress axis considered to be affected have been targets in these studies: the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and FKBP5 which regulates GR activity. The implementation of interventions such as Environmental Enrichment (EE) have shown positive results in protecting the brain against the consequences associated with gestational insults. In light of this, we investigated the transcriptional regulation of GR and FKBP5 from six stress-sensitive brain regions of the offspring using a rat model of maternal immune activation (MIA). Furthermore, we analyzed the effect of an enriched environment on their expression. We found an increase in FKBP5 in MIA rats in five brain regions. RT-qPCR analysis of MIA's effect on GR yielded insignificant results. However, we found that EE increased GR expression in the medial preoptic area which could be indicative of a positive regulation by EE. This study provides evidence of the impact of both gestational insult and EE on the regulation of stress responsive genes in the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ariel A Aiken
- University of Massachusetts Boston, Department of Psychology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Madeline J Puracchio
- Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Department of Psychology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amanda C Kentner
- Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Department of Psychology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard G Hunter
- University of Massachusetts Boston, Department of Psychology, Boston, MA, USA.
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Yoshihara C, Tokita K, Maruyama T, Kaneko M, Tsuneoka Y, Fukumitsu K, Miyazawa E, Shinozuka K, Huang AJ, Nishimori K, McHugh TJ, Tanaka M, Itohara S, Touhara K, Miyamichi K, Kuroda KO. Calcitonin receptor signaling in the medial preoptic area enables risk-taking maternal care. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109204. [PMID: 34077719 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal mammals exhibit heightened motivation to care for offspring, but the underlying neuromolecular mechanisms have yet to be clarified. Here, we report that the calcitonin receptor (Calcr) and its ligand amylin are expressed in distinct neuronal populations in the medial preoptic area (MPOA) and are upregulated in mothers. Calcr+ MPOA neurons activated by parental care project to somatomotor and monoaminergic brainstem nuclei. Retrograde monosynaptic tracing reveals that significant modification of afferents to Calcr+ neurons occurs in mothers. Knockdown of either Calcr or amylin gene expression hampers risk-taking maternal care, and specific silencing of Calcr+ MPOA neurons inhibits nurturing behaviors, while pharmacogenetic activation prevents infanticide in virgin males. These data indicate that Calcr+ MPOA neurons are required for both maternal and allomaternal nurturing behaviors and that upregulation of amylin-Calcr signaling in the MPOA at least partially mediates risk-taking maternal care, possibly via modified connectomics of Calcr+ neurons postpartum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Yoshihara
- Laboratory for Affiliative Social Behavior, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tokita
- Laboratory for Affiliative Social Behavior, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; The Institute of Natural Sciences, Senshu University, Tokyo 101-8425, Japan
| | - Teppo Maruyama
- Laboratory for Affiliative Social Behavior, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Applied Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Misato Kaneko
- Laboratory for Affiliative Social Behavior, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Applied Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Yousuke Tsuneoka
- Laboratory for Affiliative Social Behavior, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Kansai Fukumitsu
- Laboratory for Affiliative Social Behavior, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Eri Miyazawa
- Laboratory for Affiliative Social Behavior, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Shinozuka
- Laboratory for Affiliative Social Behavior, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Arthur J Huang
- Laboratory for Circuit and Behavioral Physiology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Nishimori
- Department of Obesity and Internal Inflammation, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Thomas J McHugh
- Laboratory for Circuit and Behavioral Physiology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Minoru Tanaka
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Applied Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Itohara
- Laboratory for Behavioral Genetics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kazushige Touhara
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; ERATO Touhara Chemosensory Signal Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kazunari Miyamichi
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Laboratory for Comparative Connectomics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kumi O Kuroda
- Laboratory for Affiliative Social Behavior, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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Maruska KP, Butler JM, Field KE, Forester C, Augustus A. Neural Activation Patterns Associated with Maternal Mouthbrooding and Energetic State in an African Cichlid Fish. Neuroscience 2020; 446:199-212. [PMID: 32707292 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Parental care is widespread in the animal kingdom, but for many species, provisioning energetic resources must be balanced with trade-offs between self-promoting and offspring-promoting behaviors. However, little is known about the neural mechanisms underlying these motivational decisions. Mouthbrooding is an extreme form of parental care most common in fishes that provides an ideal opportunity to examine which brain regions are involved in parenting and energetics. The African cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni is a maternal mouthbrooder in which females hold developing young inside their mouths for 2 weeks. This brood care makes feeding impossible, so females undergo obligatory starvation. We used immunohistochemistry for the neural activation marker pS6 to examine which brain regions were involved in processing salient information in mouthbrooding, starved, and fed females. We identified brain regions more associated with maternal brood care (TPp, Dc-4/-5), and others reflective of energetic state (Dl-v, NLTi). Most nuclei examined, however, were involved in both maternal care and energetic status. Placement of each of the 16 examined nuclei into these functional categories was supported by node by node comparisons, co-activity networks, hierarchical clustering, and discriminant function analysis. These results reveal which brain regions are involved in parental care and food intake in a species where provisioning is skewed towards the offspring when parental feeding is not possible. This study provides support for both distinct and shared circuitry involved in regulation of maternal care, food intake, and energy balance, and helps put the extreme parental case of mouthbrooding into a comparative and evolutionary context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen P Maruska
- Department of Biological Sciences, 202 Life Sciences Bldg., Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States.
| | - Julie M Butler
- Department of Biological Sciences, 202 Life Sciences Bldg., Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States; Biology Department, Stanford University, 371 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA 94305-5020, United States
| | - Karen E Field
- Department of Biological Sciences, 202 Life Sciences Bldg., Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States
| | - Christopher Forester
- Department of Biological Sciences, 202 Life Sciences Bldg., Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States
| | - Ashley Augustus
- Department of Biological Sciences, 202 Life Sciences Bldg., Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States
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Song SY, Zhai XM, Dai JH, Lu LL, Shan CJ, Hong J, Cao JL, Zhang LC. Novel Projections to the Cerebrospinal Fluid-Contacting Nucleus From the Subcortex and Limbic System in Rat. Front Neuroanat 2020; 14:57. [PMID: 32973466 PMCID: PMC7468392 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2020.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To identify the novel projections received by the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-contacting nucleus from the subcortex and limbic system to understand the biological functions of the nucleus. Methods: The cholera toxin subunit B (CB), a retrograde tracer, was injected into the CSF-contacting nucleus in Sprague–Dawley rats. After 7–10 days, the surviving rats were perfused, and the whole brain and spinal cord were sliced for CB immunofluorescence detection. The CB-positive neurons in the subcortex and limbic system were observed under a fluorescence microscope, followed by 3D reconstructed with the imaris software. Results: CB-positive neurons were found in the basal forebrain, septum, periventricular organs, preoptic area, and amygdaloid structures. Five functional areas including 46 sub-regions sent projections to the CSF-contacting nucleus. However, the projections had different densities, ranging from sparse to moderate, to dense. Conclusions: According to the projections from the subcortex and limbic system, we hypothesize that the CSF-contacting nucleus participates in emotion, cognition, homeostasis regulation, visceral activity, pain, and addiction. In this study, we illustrate the novel projections from the subcortex and limbic system to the CSF-contacting nucleus, which underlies the diverse and complicated circuits of the nucleus in body regulations.
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Brasil TFS, Lopes-Azevedo S, Belém-Filho IJA, Fortaleza EAT, Antunes-Rodrigues J, Corrêa FMA. The Dorsomedial Hypothalamus Is Involved in the Mediation of Autonomic and Neuroendocrine Responses to Restraint Stress. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1547. [PMID: 32038236 PMCID: PMC6989482 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) modulates autonomic and neuroendocrine responses in rats at rest and when subjected to restraint stress (RS). Male Wistar rats were used, and guide cannulas were bilaterally implanted in the DMH for microinjection of vehicle or the nonspecific synaptic blocker CoCl2 (1 mM/100 nl). A polyethylene catheter was inserted into the femoral artery for the recording of arterial pressure and heart rate (HR). Tail temperature was measured using a thermal camera. The session of RS started 10 min after DMH treatment with vehicle or CoCl2. Under home-cage condition, the pretreatment of DMH with CoCl2 increased baseline blood pressure (BP), and heart rate (HR) without affecting the tail temperature. In addition, it decreased plasma vasopressin levels without affecting plasma corticosterone and oxytocin contents. When rats pretreated with CoCl2 were exposed to RS, the RS-evoked cardiovascular were similar to those observed in vehicle-treated animals; however, because cobalt pretreatment of the DMH increased baseline BP and HR values, and the RS-evoked cardiovascular responses did not exceed those observed in vehicle-treated animals, suggesting a possible celling limit, the possibility that DMH is involved in the modulation of RS-evoked cardiovascular responses cannot be certainly excluded. Nonetheless, the pretreatment of DMH with CoCl2 blocked the reduction in tail temperature caused by RS. The DMH pretreatment with CoCl2 did not modify the RS-evoked increase in plasma corticosterone and oxytocin contents. In conclusion, the present data suggest the involvement of DMH in the maintenance of BP, HR, and vasopressin release under the rest conditions at the home-cage. Furthermore, indicate that DMH is an important thermoregulatory center during exposure to RS, regulating tail artery vasoconstriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taíz F S Brasil
- Department of Pharmacology of the School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Silvana Lopes-Azevedo
- Department of Pharmacology of the School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ivaldo J A Belém-Filho
- Department of Pharmacology of the School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Eduardo A T Fortaleza
- Department of Pharmacology of the School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - José Antunes-Rodrigues
- Department of Physiology of the School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Fernando M A Corrêa
- Department of Pharmacology of the School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Gomes-de-Souza L, Benini R, Costa-Ferreira W, Crestani CC. GABA A but not GABA B receptors in the lateral hypothalamus modulate the tachycardic response to emotional stress in rats. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 29:672-680. [PMID: 30878320 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The lateral hypothalamus (LH) has been described as one of the hypothalamic areas involved in the behavioral and physiological responses triggered by aversive stimuli. Previous studies indicated involvement of the LH in cardiovascular responses to stress. Despite this evidence, the local neurochemical mechanisms involved in LH control of stress responses is still poorly understood. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the role of GABAergic neurotransmission within the LH in cardiovascular responses induced by an acute session of restraint stress in rats. For this, we evaluated the effect of bilateral microinjection of selective antagonists of either GABAA or GABAB receptors into the LH on arterial pressure increase, heart rate (HR) increase and reduction in tail skin temperature induced by restraint stress. We found that microinjection of the selective GABAA receptor antagonist SR95531 into the LH decreased the increase in HR caused by restraint stress, but without affecting the increase in arterial pressure increase or the reduction in tail skin temperature. Conversely, LH treatment with the selective GABAB receptor antagonist CGP35348 did not affect the restraint-evoked cardiovascular changes. These findings indicate that GABAergic neurotransmission in the LH, acting through activation of local GABAA receptors, plays a facilitatory role in the tachycardic response observed during aversive threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Gomes-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jau Km 01 (Campus Universitário), Campus Ville, 14800-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Benini
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jau Km 01 (Campus Universitário), Campus Ville, 14800-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Willian Costa-Ferreira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jau Km 01 (Campus Universitário), Campus Ville, 14800-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos C Crestani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jau Km 01 (Campus Universitário), Campus Ville, 14800-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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