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Clarke S, Rogers R, Wanigasekera V, Fardo F, Pia H, Nochi Z, Macian N, Leray V, Finnerup NB, Pickering G, Mouraux A, Truini A, Treede RD, Garcia-Larrea L, Tracey I. Systematic review and co-ordinate based meta-analysis to summarize the utilization of functional brain imaging in conjunction with human models of peripheral and central sensitization. Eur J Pain 2024; 28:1069-1094. [PMID: 38381488 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.2251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Functional magnetic resonance imaging, in conjunction with models of peripheral and/or central sensitization, has been used to assess analgesic efficacy in healthy humans. This review aims to summarize the use of these techniques to characterize brain mechanisms of hyperalgesia/allodynia and to evaluate the efficacy of analgesics. DATABASES AND DATA TREATMENT Searches were performed (PubMed-Medline, Cochrane, Web of Science and Clinicaltrials.gov) to identify and review studies. A co-ordinate based meta-analysis (CBMA) was conducted to quantify neural activity that was reported across multiple independent studies in the hyperalgesic condition compared to control, using GingerALE software. RESULTS Of 217 publications, 30 studies met the inclusion criteria. They studied nine different models of hyperalgesia/allodynia assessed in the primary (14) or secondary hyperalgesia zone (16). Twenty-three studies focused on neural correlates of hyperalgesic conditions and showed consistent changes in the somatosensory cortex, prefrontal cortices, insular cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, thalamus and brainstem. The CBMA on 12 studies that reported activation coordinates for a contrast comparing the hyperalgesic state to control produced six activation clusters (significant at false discovery rate of 0.05) with more peaks for secondary (17.7) than primary zones (7.3). Seven studies showed modulation of brain activity by analgesics in five of the clusters but also in four additional regions. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis revealed substantial but incomplete overlap between brain areas related to neural mechanisms of hyperalgesia and those reflecting the efficacy of analgesic drugs. Studies testing in the secondary zone were more sensitive to evaluate analgesic efficacy on central sensitization at brainstem or thalamocortical levels. SIGNIFICANCE Experimental pain models that provide a surrogate for features of pathological pain conditions in healthy humans and functional imaging techniques are both highly valuable research tools. This review shows that when used together, they provide a wealth of information about brain activity during pain states and analgesia. These tools are promising candidates to help bridge the gap between animal and human studies, to improve translatability and provide opportunities for identification of new targets for back-translation to animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Clarke
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard Rogers
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Vishvarani Wanigasekera
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Francesca Fardo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Danish Pain Research Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hossein Pia
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Danish Pain Research Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Zahra Nochi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Danish Pain Research Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nicolas Macian
- Platform of Clinical Investigation, Inserm CIC 1405, University Hospital Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Vincent Leray
- Platform of Clinical Investigation, Inserm CIC 1405, University Hospital Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nanna Brix Finnerup
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Danish Pain Research Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gisèle Pickering
- Platform of Clinical Investigation, Inserm CIC 1405, University Hospital Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Inserm 1107, University Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - André Mouraux
- Institute of Neuroscience (IoNS), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Andrea Truini
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Rolf-Detlef Treede
- Department of Neurophysiology, Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Luis Garcia-Larrea
- NeuroPain Lab, Lyon Centre for Neuroscience Inserm U1028 and University Claude Bernard, Lyon, France
- Pain Center Neurological Hospital (CETD), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Irene Tracey
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Zulfaj E, Nejat A, Haamid A, Elmahdy A, Espinosa A, Redfors B, Omerovic E. Animal models of Takotsubo syndrome: bridging the gap to the human condition. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1351587. [PMID: 38841261 PMCID: PMC11152046 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1351587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Modelling human diseases serves as a crucial tool to unveil underlying mechanisms and pathophysiology. Takotsubo syndrome (TS), an acute form of heart failure resembling myocardial infarction, manifests with reversible regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMA) of the ventricles. Despite its mortality and clinical similarity to myocardial infarction, TS aetiology remains elusive, with stress and catecholamines playing central roles. This review delves into current animal models of TS, aiming to assess their ability to replicate key clinical traits and identifying limitations. An in-depth evaluation of published animal models reveals a variation in the definition of TS among studies. We notice a substantial prevalence of catecholamine-induced models, particularly in rodents. While these models shed light on TS, there remains potential for refinement. Translational success in TS research hinges on models that align with human TS features and exhibit the key features, including transient RWMA. Animal models should be comprehensively evaluated regarding the various systemic changes of the applied trigger(s) for a proper interpretation. This review acts as a guide for researchers, advocating for stringent TS model standards and enhancing translational validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermir Zulfaj
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - AmirAli Nejat
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Abdulhussain Haamid
- Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ahmed Elmahdy
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Aaron Espinosa
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Björn Redfors
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Core Facilities - Experimental Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elmir Omerovic
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Core Facilities - Experimental Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Huang Q, Ravindra Pilvankar M, Dixit R, Yu H. Approaches to Improve the Translation of Safety, Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutic Index of ADCs. Xenobiotica 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38733255 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2024.2352600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are an important class of cancer therapies. They are complex molecules, comprising an antibody, a cytotoxic payload, and a linker. ADCs intend to confer high specificity by targeting a unique antigen expressed predominately on the surface of the tumor cells than on the normal cells and by releasing the potent cytotoxic drug inside the tumor causing cytotoxic cell death. Despite high specificity to tumor antigens, many ADCs are associated with off-target and on-target off-tumor toxicities, often leading to safety concerns before achieving the desirable clinical efficacy. Therefore, it is crucial to improve the therapeutic index (TI) of ADCs to enable the full potential of this important therapeutic modality.The review summarizes current approaches to improve the translation of safety, pharmacokinetics, and TI of ADCs. Common safety findings of ADCs resulting from off-target and on-target toxicities and nonclinical approaches to de-risk ADC safety will be discussed; multiple approaches of using preclinical and clinical dose and exposure data to calculate TI to guide clinical dosing will be elaborated; different approaches to improve TI of ADCs, including selecting the right target, right payload-linker and patients, optimizing physicochemical properties, and using fractionation dosing, will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihong Huang
- Nonclinical Drug Safety, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, CT, USA 06877
| | - Minu Ravindra Pilvankar
- NBE PK, Biotherapeutics Discovery, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, CT, USA 06877
| | - Rakesh Dixit
- Bionavigen Oncology, LLC, GAITHERSBURG, MD, USA 20878
| | - Hongbin Yu
- NBE PK, Biotherapeutics Discovery, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, CT, USA 06877
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Pasdelou MP, Byelyayeva L, Malmström S, Pucheu S, Peytavy M, Laullier H, Hodges DB, Tzafriri AR, Naert G. Ototoxicity: a high risk to auditory function that needs to be monitored in drug development. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1379743. [PMID: 38756707 PMCID: PMC11096496 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1379743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss constitutes a major global health concern impacting approximately 1.5 billion people worldwide. Its incidence is undergoing a substantial surge with some projecting that by 2050, a quarter of the global population will experience varying degrees of hearing deficiency. Environmental factors such as aging, exposure to loud noise, and the intake of ototoxic medications are implicated in the onset of acquired hearing loss. Ototoxicity resulting in inner ear damage is a leading cause of acquired hearing loss worldwide. This could be minimized or avoided by early testing of hearing functions in the preclinical phase of drug development. While the assessment of ototoxicity is well defined for drug candidates in the hearing field - required for drugs that are administered by the otic route and expected to reach the middle or inner ear during clinical use - ototoxicity testing is not required for all other therapeutic areas. Unfortunately, this has resulted in more than 200 ototoxic marketed medications. The aim of this publication is to raise awareness of drug-induced ototoxicity and to formulate some recommendations based on available guidelines and own experience. Ototoxicity testing programs should be adapted to the type of therapy, its indication (targeting the ear or part of other medications classes being potentially ototoxic), and the number of assets to test. For multiple molecules and/or multiple doses, screening options are available: in vitro (otic cell assays), ex vivo (cochlear explant), and in vivo (in zebrafish). In assessing the ototoxicity of a candidate drug, it is good practice to compare its ototoxicity to that of a well-known control drug of a similar class. Screening assays provide a streamlined and rapid method to know whether a drug is generally safe for inner ear structures. Mammalian animal models provide a more detailed characterization of drug ototoxicity, with a possibility to localize and quantify the damage using functional, behavioral, and morphological read-outs. Complementary histological measures are routinely conducted notably to quantify hair cells loss with cochleogram. Ototoxicity studies can be performed in rodents (mice, rats), guinea pigs and large species. However, in undertaking, or at the very least attempting, all preclinical investigations within the same species, is crucial. This encompasses starting with pharmacokinetics and pharmacology efficacy studies and extending through to toxicity studies. In life read-outs include Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) and Distortion Product OtoAcoustic Emissions (DPOAE) measurements that assess the activity and integrity of sensory cells and the auditory nerve, reflecting sensorineural hearing loss. Accurate, reproducible, and high throughput ABR measures are fundamental to the quality and success of these preclinical trials. As in humans, in vivo otoscopic evaluations are routinely carried out to observe the tympanic membrane and auditory canal. This is often done to detect signs of inflammation. The cochlea is a tonotopic structure. Hair cell responsiveness is position and frequency dependent, with hair cells located close to the cochlea apex transducing low frequencies and those at the base transducing high frequencies. The cochleogram aims to quantify hair cells all along the cochlea and consequently determine hair cell loss related to specific frequencies. This measure is then correlated with the ABR & DPOAE results. Ototoxicity assessments evaluate the impact of drug candidates on the auditory and vestibular systems, de-risk hearing loss and balance disorders, define a safe dose, and optimize therapeutic benefits. These types of studies can be initiated during early development of a therapeutic solution, with ABR and otoscopic evaluations. Depending on the mechanism of action of the compound, studies can include DPOAE and cochleogram. Later in the development, a GLP (Good Laboratory Practice) ototoxicity study may be required based on otic related route of administration, target, or known potential otic toxicity.
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Sahu M, Vashishth S, Kukreti N, Gulia A, Russell A, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Synergizing drug repurposing and target identification for neurodegenerative diseases. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2024; 205:111-169. [PMID: 38789177 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2024.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Despite dedicated research efforts, the absence of disease-curing remedies for neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) continues to jeopardize human society and stands as a challenge. Drug repurposing is an attempt to find new functionality of existing drugs and take it as an opportunity to discourse the clinically unmet need to treat neurodegeneration. However, despite applying this approach to rediscover a drug, it can also be used to identify the target on which a drug could work. The primary objective of target identification is to unravel all the possibilities of detecting a new drug or repurposing an existing drug. Lately, scientists and researchers have been focusing on specific genes, a particular site in DNA, a protein, or a molecule that might be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. However, the new era discusses directing the signaling mechanism involved in the disease progression, where receptors, ion channels, enzymes, and other carrier molecules play a huge role. This review aims to highlight how target identification can expedite the whole process of drug repurposing. Here, we first spot various target-identification methods and drug-repositioning studies, including drug-target and structure-based identification studies. Moreover, we emphasize various drug repurposing approaches in NDDs, namely, experimental-based, mechanism-based, and in silico approaches. Later, we draw attention to validation techniques and stress on drugs that are currently undergoing clinical trials in NDDs. Lastly, we underscore the future perspective of synergizing drug repurposing and target identification in NDDs and present an unresolved question to address the issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehar Sahu
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - Shrutikirti Vashishth
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - Neha Kukreti
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - Ashima Gulia
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - Ashish Russell
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, SRM University, Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India.
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Hammer SE, Duckova T, Gociman M, Groiss S, Pernold CPS, Hacker K, Kasper L, Sprung J, Stadler M, Jensen AE, Saalmüller A, Wenzel N, Figueiredo C. Comparative analysis of swine leukocyte antigen gene diversity in Göttingen Minipigs. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1360022. [PMID: 38469309 PMCID: PMC10925748 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1360022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, pigs represent economically important farm animals, also representing a preferred preclinical large animal model for biomedical studies. The need for swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) typing is increasing with the expanded use of pigs in translational research, infection studies, and for veterinary vaccine design. Göttingen Minipigs (GMP) attract increasing attention as valuable model for pharmacological studies and transplantation research. This study represents a first-time assessment of the SLA gene diversity in Göttingen Minipigs in combination with a comparative metadata analysis with commercial pig lines. As Göttingen Minipigs could harbor private as well as potential novel SLA allele combinations, future research projects would benefit from the characterization of their SLA background. In 209 Göttingen Minipigs, SLA class I (SLA-1, SLA-2, SLA-3) and class II (DRB1, DQB1, DQA) genes were characterized by PCR-based low-resolution (Lr) haplotyping. Criteria and nomenclature used for SLA haplotyping were proposed by the ISAG/IUIS-VIC SLA Nomenclature Committee. Haplotypes were assigned based on the comparison with already known breed or farm-specific allele group combinations. In total, 14 SLA class I and five SLA class II haplotypes were identified in the studied cohort, to manifest in 26 SLA class I but only seven SLA class II genotypes. The most common SLA class I haplotypes Lr-24.0 (SLA-1*15XX or Blank-SLA-3*04:04-SLA-2*06:01~02) and Lr-GMP-3.0 (SLA-1*16:02-SLA-3*03:04-SLA-2*17:01) occurred at frequencies of 23.44 and 18.66%, respectively. For SLA class II, the most prevalent haplotypes Lr-0.21 (DRB1*01XX-DQB1*05XX-DQA*04XX) and Lr-0.03 (DRB1*03:02-DQB1*03:01-DQA*01XX) occurred at frequencies of 38.28 and 30.38%. The comparative metadata analysis revealed that Göttingen Minipigs only share six SLA class I and two SLA class II haplotypes with commercial pig lines. More importantly, despite the limited number of SLA class I haplotypes, the high genotype diversity being observed necessitates pre-experimental SLA background assessment of Göttingen Minipigs in regenerative medicine, allo-transplantation, and xenograft research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine E. Hammer
- Department of Pathobiology, Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tereza Duckova
- Department of Pathobiology, Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monica Gociman
- Department of Pathobiology, Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sandra Groiss
- Department of Pathobiology, Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Clara P. S. Pernold
- Department of Pathobiology, Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karolin Hacker
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Julia Sprung
- Department of Pathobiology, Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Stadler
- Department of Pathobiology, Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Armin Saalmüller
- Department of Pathobiology, Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadine Wenzel
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Constanca Figueiredo
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Liu W, Jiang D, Schulz M, Figueiredo C, Dondossola D, Meister FA, Tihanyi DK, Mehrabi A, Tolba RH, Czigany Z, Ernst L. Machine perfusion of the liver and in vivo animal models: A systematic review of the preclinical research landscape. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297942. [PMID: 38329986 PMCID: PMC10852327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Machine perfusion (MP) is often referred to as one of the most promising advancements in liver transplantation research of the last few decades, with various techniques and modalities being evaluated in preclinical studies using animal models. However, low scientific rigor and subpar reporting standards lead to limited reproducibility and translational potential, hindering progress. This pre-registered systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42021234667) aimed to provide a thematic overview of the preclinical research landscape on MP in liver transplantation using in vivo transplantation models and to explore methodological and reporting standards, using the ARRIVE (Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments) score. In total 56 articles were included. Studies were evenly distributed across Asia, Europe, and the Americas. Porcine models were used in 57.1% of the studies, followed by rats (39.3%) and dogs (3.6%). In terms of graft type, 55.4% of the studies used donation after cardiac death grafts, while donation after brain death grafts accounted for 37.5%. Regarding MP modalities, the distribution was as follows: 41.5% of articles utilized hypothermic MP, 21.5% normothermic MP, 13.8% subnormothermic MP, and 16.9% utilized hypothermic oxygenated MP. The stringent documentation of ARRIVE elements concerning precise experimental execution, group size and selection, the choice of statistical methods, as well as adherence to the principles of the 3Rs, was notably lacking in the majority of publications, with less than 30% providing comprehensive details. Postoperative analgesia and antibiotics treatment were not documented in 82.1% of all included studies. None of the analyzed studies fully adhered to the ARRIVE Guidelines. In conclusion, the present study emphasizes the importance of adhering to reporting standards to promote reproducibility and adequate animal welfare in preclinical studies in machine perfusion. At the same time, it highlights a clear deficiency in this field, underscoring the need for further investigations into animal welfare-related topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Liu
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH, Aachen International University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Decan Jiang
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mareike Schulz
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH, Aachen International University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Constança Figueiredo
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Daniele Dondossola
- General and Liver Transplant Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Franziska Alexandra Meister
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Arianeb Mehrabi
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rene Hany Tolba
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH, Aachen International University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Zoltan Czigany
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lisa Ernst
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH, Aachen International University, Aachen, Germany
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Masloh S, Chevrel A, Culot M, Perrocheau A, Kalia YN, Frehel S, Gaussin R, Gosselet F, Huet S, Zeisser Labouebe M, Scapozza L. Enhancing Oral Delivery of Biologics: A Non-Competitive and Cross-Reactive Anti-Leptin Receptor Nanofitin Demonstrates a Gut-Crossing Capacity in an Ex Vivo Porcine Intestinal Model. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:116. [PMID: 38258126 PMCID: PMC10820293 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Biotherapeutics exhibit high efficacy in targeted therapy, but their oral delivery is impeded by the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and limited intestinal absorption. This article presents a strategy to overcome the challenges of poor intestinal permeability by using a protein shuttle that specifically binds to an intestinal target, the leptin receptor (LepR), and exploiting its capacity to perform a receptor-mediated transport. Our proof-of-concept study focuses on the characterization and transport of robust affinity proteins, known as Nanofitins, across an ex vivo porcine intestinal model. We describe the potential to deliver biologically active molecules across the mucosa by fusing them with the Nanofitin 1-F08 targeting the LepR. This particular Nanofitin was selected for its absence of competition with leptin, its cross-reactivity with LepR from human, mouse, and pig hosts, and its shuttle capability associated with its ability to induce a receptor-mediated transport. This study paves the way for future in vivo demonstration of a safe and efficient oral-to-systemic delivery of targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solene Masloh
- Blood Brain Barrier Laboratory, Faculty of Science Jean Perrin, Artois University, UR 2465, Rue Jean Souvraz, 62300 Lens, France (M.C.); (F.G.)
- Affilogic, 24 Rue de la Rainière, 44300 Nantes, France (A.P.); (R.G.)
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland (L.S.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anne Chevrel
- Affilogic, 24 Rue de la Rainière, 44300 Nantes, France (A.P.); (R.G.)
| | - Maxime Culot
- Blood Brain Barrier Laboratory, Faculty of Science Jean Perrin, Artois University, UR 2465, Rue Jean Souvraz, 62300 Lens, France (M.C.); (F.G.)
| | | | - Yogeshvar N. Kalia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland (L.S.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Frehel
- Affilogic, 24 Rue de la Rainière, 44300 Nantes, France (A.P.); (R.G.)
| | - Rémi Gaussin
- Affilogic, 24 Rue de la Rainière, 44300 Nantes, France (A.P.); (R.G.)
| | - Fabien Gosselet
- Blood Brain Barrier Laboratory, Faculty of Science Jean Perrin, Artois University, UR 2465, Rue Jean Souvraz, 62300 Lens, France (M.C.); (F.G.)
| | - Simon Huet
- Affilogic, 24 Rue de la Rainière, 44300 Nantes, France (A.P.); (R.G.)
| | - Magali Zeisser Labouebe
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland (L.S.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Leonardo Scapozza
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland (L.S.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland
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Pernold CPS, Lagumdzic E, Stadler M, Dolezal M, Jäckel S, Schmitt MW, Mair KH, Saalmüller A. Species comparison: human and minipig PBMC reactivity under the influence of immunomodulating compounds in vitro. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1327776. [PMID: 38264655 PMCID: PMC10803596 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1327776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Considering the similarities between swine and humans, it is a logical consequence to use swine as a translational model in research and drug development, including non-clinical safety. Here, we compared the reactivity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from humans and minipigs under the influence of different compounds in vitro. We conducted a flow cytometry-based proliferation assay that focused on the T-cell response to three different stimuli: concanavalin A (ConA), phytohemagglutinin-L (PHA-L), and staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB). Furthermore, four approved immunosuppressive drugs-abatacept, belatacept, rapamycin, and tofacitinib-which are used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis or rejection in transplant recipients, were combined with the different stimuli. This allowed us to study the effect of suppressive drugs in comparison with the different stimuli in both species. We examined proliferating T cells (CD3+) and investigated the presence of TCR-αβ+ and TCR-γδ+ T cells. Differences in the response of T cells of the two species under these various conditions were evident. CD4+ T cells were more activated within humans, whereas CD8+ T cells were generally more abundant in swine. The effectiveness of the used humanized antibodies is most likely related to the conserved structure of CTLA-4 as abatacept induced a much stronger reduction in swine compared with belatacept. The reduction of proliferation of rapamycin and tofacitinib was highly dependent on the used stimuli. We further investigated the effect of the immunosuppressive compounds on antigen-specific restimulation of pigs immunized against porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2). Treatment with all four compounds resulted in a clear reduction of the proliferative response, with rapamycin showing the strongest effect. In conclusion, our findings indicate that the effectiveness of suppressive compounds is highly dependent on the stimuli used and must be carefully selected to ensure accurate results. The results highlight the importance of considering the response of T cells in different species when evaluating the potential of an immunomodulatory drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara P. S. Pernold
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Emil Lagumdzic
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Stadler
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlies Dolezal
- Platform for Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sven Jäckel
- Chemical and Preclinical Safety, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Kerstin H. Mair
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Armin Saalmüller
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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Pogorelov VM, Martini ML, Jin J, Wetsel WC, Caron MG. Dopamine-Depleted Dopamine Transporter Knockout (DDD) Mice: Dyskinesia with L-DOPA and Dopamine D1 Agonists. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1658. [PMID: 38002340 PMCID: PMC10669682 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
L-DOPA is the mainstay of treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, over time this drug can produce dyskinesia. A useful acute PD model for screening novel compounds for anti-parkinsonian and L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) are dopamine-depleted dopamine-transporter KO (DDD) mice. Treatment with α-methyl-para-tyrosine rapidly depletes their brain stores of DA and renders them akinetic. During sensitization in the open field (OF), their locomotion declines as vertical activities increase and upon encountering a wall they stand on one leg or tail and engage in climbing behavior termed "three-paw dyskinesia". We have hypothesized that L-DOPA induces a stereotypic activation of locomotion in DDD mice, where they are unable to alter the course of their locomotion, and upon encountering walls engage in "three-paw dyskinesia" as reflected in vertical counts or beam-breaks. The purpose of our studies was to identify a valid index of LID in DDD mice that met three criteria: (a) sensitization with repeated L-DOPA administration, (b) insensitivity to a change in the test context, and (c) stimulatory or inhibitory responses to dopamine D1 receptor agonists (5 mg/kg SKF81297; 5 and 10 mg/kg MLM55-38, a novel compound) and amantadine (45 mg/kg), respectively. Responses were compared between the OF and a circular maze (CM) that did not hinder locomotion. We found vertical counts and climbing were specific for testing in the OF, while oral stereotypies were sensitized to L-DOPA in both the OF and CM and responded to D1R agonists and amantadine. Hence, in DDD mice oral stereotypies should be used as an index of LID in screening compounds for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir M. Pogorelov
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, 354 Sands Building, 303 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Michael L. Martini
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.L.M.); (J.J.)
| | - Jian Jin
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.L.M.); (J.J.)
| | - William C. Wetsel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, 354 Sands Building, 303 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Marc G. Caron
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
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11
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Rodrigues Albuquerque E, Ratti da Silva G, de Abreu Braga F, Pelegrini Silva E, Sposito Negrini K, Rodrigues Fracasso JA, Pires Guarnier L, Jacomassi E, Ribeiro-Paes JT, da Silva Gomes R, Gasparotto Junior A, Lívero FADR. Bridging the Gap: Exploring the Preclinical Potential of Pereskia grandifolia in Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2023; 2023:8840427. [PMID: 38026733 PMCID: PMC10653969 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8840427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a complex condition characterized by steatosis and metabolic disturbances. Risk factors such as diabetes, cigarette smoking, and dyslipidaemia contribute to its development and progression. Effective and safe therapies for MAFLD are urgently needed. Pereskia grandifolia has shown potential as an alternative treatment, but its effectiveness against liver disease remains unexplored. This research aims to determine the hepatoprotective properties of P. grandifolia using a model of MAFLD. The study was carried out through various phases to assess the safety and efficacy of the ethanol-soluble fraction of P. grandifolia. Initially, an in vitro assay was performed to assess cell viability. This was followed by an acute toxicity test conducted in rats to determine the safety profile of the extract. Subsequently, the anti-inflammatory properties of P. grandifolia were examined in macrophages. For the MAFLD study, diabetic Wistar rats were made diabetic and exposed to a high fat diet and cigarette smoke, for 4 weeks. During the last 2 weeks, the rats were orally given either the vehicle (negative control group; C-), P. grandifolia (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg), or insulin in addition to simvastatin. A basal group of rats not exposed to these risk factors was also assessed. Blood samples were collected to measure cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, ALT, and AST levels. Liver was assessed for lipid and oxidative markers, and liver histopathology was examined. P. grandifolia showed no signs of toxicity. It demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting phagocytosis and macrophage spreading. The MAFLD model induced liver abnormalities, including increased AST, ALT, disrupted lipid profile, oxidative stress, and significant hepatic damage. However, P. grandifolia effectively reversed these changes, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent. These findings emphasize the significance of P. grandifolia in mitigating hepatic consequences associated with various risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edilson Rodrigues Albuquerque
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post Graduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Ratti da Silva
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post Graduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Fernanda de Abreu Braga
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Ester Pelegrini Silva
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Karina Sposito Negrini
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas Pires Guarnier
- Department of Genetic, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ezilda Jacomassi
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | | | - Roberto da Silva Gomes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, USA
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Francislaine Aparecida dos Reis Lívero
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Terry S, Gommet C, Kerangueven AC, Leguet M, Thévenin V, Berthelot M, Begoud L, Windenberger F, Lainee P. Activity in Group-Housed Home Cages of Mice as a Novel Preclinical Biomarker in Oncology Studies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4798. [PMID: 37835492 PMCID: PMC10571829 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improving experimental conditions in preclinical animal research is a major challenge, both scientifically and ethically. Automated digital ventilated cages (DVC®) offer the advantage of continuous monitoring of animal activity in their home-cage. The potential utility of this technology remains understudied and deserves investigation in the field of oncology. METHODS Using the DVC® platform, we sought to determine if the continuous assessment of locomotor activity of mice in their home cages can serve as useful digital readout in the monitoring of animals treated with the reference oncology compounds cisplatin and cyclophosphamide. SCID mice of 14 weeks of age were housed in DVC® cages in groups of four and followed with standard and digital examination before and after treatment over a 17-day total period. RESULTS DVC® detected statistically significant effects of cisplatin on the activity of mice in the short and long term, as well as trends for cyclophosphamide. The activity differences between the vehicle- and chemotherapy-treated groups were especially marked during the nighttime, a period when animals are most active and staff are generally not available for regular checks. Standard clinical parameters, such as body weight change and clinical assessment during the day, provided additional and complementary information. CONCLUSION The DVC® technology enabled the home cage monitoring of mice and non-invasive detection of animal activity disturbances. It can easily be integrated into a multimodal monitoring approach to better capture the different effects of oncology drugs on anti-tumor efficacy, toxicity, and safety and improve translation to clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Céline Gommet
- Translational In Vivo Models—In Vivo Research Center Vitry, Sanofi Research and Development, 94403 Vitry-sur-Seine, France; (C.G.); (M.L.); (V.T.); (M.B.); (L.B.)
| | - Anne-Cécile Kerangueven
- Biostatistics & Programming, Sanofi Research and Development, 94403 Vitry-sur-Seine, France; (A.-C.K.); (F.W.)
| | - Mickaël Leguet
- Translational In Vivo Models—In Vivo Research Center Vitry, Sanofi Research and Development, 94403 Vitry-sur-Seine, France; (C.G.); (M.L.); (V.T.); (M.B.); (L.B.)
| | - Vincent Thévenin
- Translational In Vivo Models—In Vivo Research Center Vitry, Sanofi Research and Development, 94403 Vitry-sur-Seine, France; (C.G.); (M.L.); (V.T.); (M.B.); (L.B.)
| | - Mickaël Berthelot
- Translational In Vivo Models—In Vivo Research Center Vitry, Sanofi Research and Development, 94403 Vitry-sur-Seine, France; (C.G.); (M.L.); (V.T.); (M.B.); (L.B.)
| | - Laurent Begoud
- Translational In Vivo Models—In Vivo Research Center Vitry, Sanofi Research and Development, 94403 Vitry-sur-Seine, France; (C.G.); (M.L.); (V.T.); (M.B.); (L.B.)
| | - Fanny Windenberger
- Biostatistics & Programming, Sanofi Research and Development, 94403 Vitry-sur-Seine, France; (A.-C.K.); (F.W.)
| | - Pierre Lainee
- Translational In Vivo Models—In Vivo Research Center Vitry, Sanofi Research and Development, 94403 Vitry-sur-Seine, France; (C.G.); (M.L.); (V.T.); (M.B.); (L.B.)
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13
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Tejedera-Villafranca A, Montolio M, Ramón-Azcón J, Fernández-Costa JM. Mimicking sarcolemmal damage in vitro: a contractile 3D model of skeletal muscle for drug testing in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Biofabrication 2023; 15:045024. [PMID: 37725998 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/acfb3d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most prevalent neuromuscular disease diagnosed in childhood. It is a progressive and wasting disease, characterized by a degeneration of skeletal and cardiac muscles caused by the lack of dystrophin protein. The absence of this crucial structural protein leads to sarcolemmal fragility, resulting in muscle fiber damage during contraction. Despite ongoing efforts, there is no cure available for DMD patients. One of the primary challenges is the limited efficacy of current preclinical tools, which fail in modeling the biological complexity of the disease. Human-based three-dimensional (3D) cell culture methods appear as a novel approach to accelerate preclinical research by enhancing the reproduction of pathophysiological processes in skeletal muscle. In this work, we developed a patient-derived functional 3D skeletal muscle model of DMD that reproduces the sarcolemmal damage found in the native DMD muscle. These bioengineered skeletal muscle tissues exhibit contractile functionality, as they responded to electrical pulse stimulation. Sustained contractile regimes induced the loss of myotube integrity, mirroring the pathological myotube breakdown inherent in DMD due to sarcolemmal instability. Moreover, damaged DMD tissues showed disease functional phenotypes, such as tetanic fatigue. We also evaluated the therapeutic effect of utrophin upregulator drug candidates on the functionality of the skeletal muscle tissues, thus providing deeper insight into the real impact of these treatments. Overall, our findings underscore the potential of bioengineered 3D skeletal muscle technology to advance DMD research and facilitate the development of novel therapies for DMD and related neuromuscular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainoa Tejedera-Villafranca
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), C/Baldiri Reixac 10-12, E08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marisol Montolio
- Duchenne Parent Project España, E28032 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, E08027 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Ramón-Azcón
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), C/Baldiri Reixac 10-12, E08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Reserca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig de Lluís Companys, 23, E08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan M Fernández-Costa
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), C/Baldiri Reixac 10-12, E08028 Barcelona, Spain
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14
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Carneiro CFD, Drude N, Hülsemann M, Collazo A, Toelch U. Mapping strategies towards improved external validity in preclinical translational research. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2023; 18:1273-1285. [PMID: 37691294 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2251886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Translation is about successfully bringing findings from preclinical contexts into the clinic. This transfer is challenging as clinical trials frequently fail despite positive preclinical results. Limited robustness of preclinical research has been marked as one of the drivers of such failures. One suggested solution is to improve the external validity of in vitro and in vivo experiments via a suite of complementary strategies. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors summarize the literature available on different strategies to improve external validity in in vivo, in vitro, or ex vivo experiments; systematic heterogenization; generalizability tests; and multi-batch and multicenter experiments. Articles that tested or discussed sources of variability in systematically heterogenized experiments were identified, and the most prevalent sources of variability are reviewed further. Special considerations in sample size planning, analysis options, and practical feasibility associated with each strategy are also reviewed. EXPERT OPINION The strategies reviewed differentially influence variation in experiments. Different research projects, with their unique goals, can leverage the strengths and limitations of each strategy. Applying a combination of these approaches in confirmatory stages of preclinical research putatively increases the chances of success in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa F D Carneiro
- QUEST Center for Responsible Research, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Natascha Drude
- QUEST Center for Responsible Research, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maren Hülsemann
- QUEST Center for Responsible Research, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Collazo
- QUEST Center for Responsible Research, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulf Toelch
- QUEST Center for Responsible Research, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Berlin, Germany
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15
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Gibbs A, Gupta P, Mali B, Poirier Y, Gopalakrishnan M, Newman D, Zodda A, Down JD, Serebrenik AA, Kaytor MD, Jackson IL. A C57L/J Mouse Model of the Delayed Effects of Acute Radiation Exposure in the Context of Evolving Multi-Organ Dysfunction and Failure after Total-Body Irradiation with 2.5% Bone Marrow Sparing. Radiat Res 2023; 199:319-335. [PMID: 36857032 PMCID: PMC10289057 DOI: 10.1667/rade-22-00178.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to establish a mouse model of acute radiation syndrome (ARS) after total-body irradiation with 2.5% bone marrow sparing (TBI/BM2.5) that progressed to the delayed effects of acute radiation exposure, specifically pneumonitis and/or pulmonary fibrosis (DEARE-lung), in animals surviving longer than 60 days. Two hundred age and sex matched C57L/J mice were assigned to one of six arms to receive a dose of 9.5 to 13.25 Gy of 320 kV X-ray TBI/BM2.5. A sham-irradiated cohort was included as an age- and sex-matched control. Blood was sampled from the facial vein prior to irradiation and on days 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 postirradiation for hematology. Respiratory function was monitored at regular intervals throughout the in-life phase. Animals with respiratory dysfunction were administered a single 12-day tapered regimen of dexamethasone, allometrically scaled from a similar regimen in the non-human primate. All animals were monitored daily for up to 224 days postirradiation for signs of organ dysfunction and morbidity/mortality. At euthanasia due to criteria or at the study endpoint, wet lung weights were recorded, and blood sampled for hematology and serum chemistry. The left lung, heart, spleen, small and large intestine, and kidneys were processed for histopathology. A dose-response curve with the estimated lethal dose for 10-99% of animals with 95% confidence intervals was established. The median survival time was significantly prolonged in males as compared to females across the 10.25 to 12.5 Gy dose range. Animal sex played a significant role in overall survival, with males 50% less likely to expire prior to the study endpoint compared to females. All animals developed pancytopenia within the first one- to two-weeks after TBI/BM2.5 followed by a progressive recovery through day 30. Fourteen percent of animals expired during the first 30-days postirradiation due to ARS (e.g., myelosuppression, gastrointestinal tissue abnormalities), with most deaths occurring prior to day 15. Microscopic findings show the presence of radiation pneumonitis as early as day 57. At time points later than day 70, pneumonitis was consistently present in the lungs of mice and the severity was comparable across radiation dose arms. Pulmonary fibrosis was first noted at day 64 but was not consistently present and stable in severity until after day 70. Fibrosis was comparable across radiation dose arms. In conclusion, this study established a multiple organ injury mouse model that progresses through the ARS phase to DEARE-lung, characterized by respiratory dysfunction, and microscopic abnormalities consistent with radiation pneumonitis/fibrosis. The model provides a platform for future development of medical countermeasures for approval and licensure by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration under the animal rule regulatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Gibbs
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Pawan Gupta
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Buddha Mali
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Yannick Poirier
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Mathangi Gopalakrishnan
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Diana Newman
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Andrew Zodda
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Julian D. Down
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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Costa Monteiro AC, Matthay MA. Are circulating endothelial cells the next target for transcriptome-level pathway analysis in ARDS? Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L393-L399. [PMID: 36749906 PMCID: PMC10110698 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00353.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has had no mortality-improving pharmacological intervention despite 50 years of high-caliber research due to its heterogeneity (Huppert LA, Matthay MA, Ware LB. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 40: 31-39, 2019). For the field to advance, better definitions for ARDS subgroups that more uniformly respond to therapies are needed (Bos LDJ, Scicluna BP, Ong DSY, Cremer O, van der Poll T, Schultz MJ. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 200: 42-50, 2019; Dickson RP, Schultz MJ, T van der P, Schouten LR, Falkowski NR, Luth JE, Sjoding MW, Brown CA, Chanderraj R, Huffnagle GB, Bos LDJ, Biomarker Analysis in Septic ICU Patients (BASIC) Consortium. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 201: 555-563, 2020; Sinha P, Calfee CS. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 200: 4-6, 2019; Calfee CS, Delucchi K, Parsons PE, Thompson BT, Ware LB, Matthay MA, NHLBI ARDS Network. Lancet Respir Med 2: 611-620, 2014; Hendrickson CM, Matthay MA. Pulm Circ 8: 1-12, 2018). A plethora of high-quality clinical research has uncovered the next generation of soluble biomarkers that provide the predictive enrichment necessary for trial recruitment; however, plasma-soluble markers do not specify the damaged organ of origin nor do they provide insight into disease mechanisms. In this perspective, we make the case for querying the transcriptome of circulating endothelial cells (CECs), which when shed from vessels after inflammatory insult, become heralds of site-specific inflammatory damage. We review the application of CEC quantification to multiple disease phenotypes (including myocardial infarction, vasculitides, cancer, and ARDS), in each case supporting the association of CEC number with disease severity. We also argue for the utility of single-cell RNA transcriptomics to the understanding of cell-specific contributions to disease pathophysiology and its potential to uncover novel insight on signals contributing to CEC shedding in ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Costa Monteiro
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Michael A Matthay
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
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17
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Benfante V, Stefano A, Ali M, Laudicella R, Arancio W, Cucchiara A, Caruso F, Cammarata FP, Coronnello C, Russo G, Miele M, Vieni A, Tuttolomondo A, Yezzi A, Comelli A. An Overview of In Vitro Assays of 64Cu-, 68Ga-, 125I-, and 99mTc-Labelled Radiopharmaceuticals Using Radiometric Counters in the Era of Radiotheranostics. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13071210. [PMID: 37046428 PMCID: PMC10093267 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13071210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Radionuclides are unstable isotopes that mainly emit alpha (α), beta (β) or gamma (γ) radiation through radiation decay. Therefore, they are used in the biomedical field to label biomolecules or drugs for diagnostic imaging applications, such as positron emission tomography (PET) and/or single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). A growing field of research is the development of new radiopharmaceuticals for use in cancer treatments. Preclinical studies are the gold standard for translational research. Specifically, in vitro radiopharmaceutical studies are based on the use of radiopharmaceuticals directly on cells. To date, radiometric β- and γ-counters are the only tools able to assess a preclinical in vitro assay with the aim of estimating uptake, retention, and release parameters, including time- and dose-dependent cytotoxicity and kinetic parameters. This review has been designed for researchers, such as biologists and biotechnologists, who would like to approach the radiobiology field and conduct in vitro assays for cellular radioactivity evaluations using radiometric counters. To demonstrate the importance of in vitro radiopharmaceutical assays using radiometric counters with a view to radiogenomics, many studies based on 64Cu-, 68Ga-, 125I-, and 99mTc-labeled radiopharmaceuticals have been revised and summarized in this manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Benfante
- Ri.MED Foundation, Via Bandiera 11, 90133 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), 90015 Cefalù, Italy
| | - Alessandro Stefano
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), 90015 Cefalù, Italy
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Ri.MED Foundation, Via Bandiera 11, 90133 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Walter Arancio
- Ri.MED Foundation, Via Bandiera 11, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Cucchiara
- Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services, IRCCS-ISMETT (Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies), Via Tricomi 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Caruso
- Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services, IRCCS-ISMETT (Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies), Via Tricomi 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Cammarata
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), 90015 Cefalù, Italy
| | - Claudia Coronnello
- Ri.MED Foundation, Via Bandiera 11, 90133 Palermo, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giorgio Russo
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), 90015 Cefalù, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Monica Miele
- Ri.MED Foundation, Via Bandiera 11, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Vieni
- Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services, IRCCS-ISMETT (Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies), Via Tricomi 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Tuttolomondo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anthony Yezzi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Albert Comelli
- Ri.MED Foundation, Via Bandiera 11, 90133 Palermo, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy
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18
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Layton R, Layton D, Beggs D, Fisher A, Mansell P, Stanger KJ. The impact of stress and anesthesia on animal models of infectious disease. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1086003. [PMID: 36816193 PMCID: PMC9933909 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1086003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress and general anesthesia have an impact on the functional response of the organism due to the detrimental effects on cardiovascular, immunological, and metabolic function, which could limit the organism's response to an infectious event. Animal studies have formed an essential step in understanding and mitigating infectious diseases, as the complexities of physiology and immunity cannot yet be replicated in vivo. Using animals in research continues to come under increasing societal scrutiny, and it is therefore crucial that the welfare of animals used in disease research is optimized to meet both societal expectations and improve scientific outcomes. Everyday management and procedures in animal studies are known to cause stress, which can not only cause poorer welfare outcomes, but also introduces variables in disease studies. Whilst general anesthesia is necessary at times to reduce stress and enhance animal welfare in disease research, evidence of physiological and immunological disruption caused by general anesthesia is increasing. To better understand and quantify the effects of stress and anesthesia on disease study and welfare outcomes, utilizing the most appropriate animal monitoring strategies is imperative. This article aims to analyze recent scientific evidence about the impact of stress and anesthesia as uncontrolled variables, as well as reviewing monitoring strategies and technologies in animal models during infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Layton
- Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, CSIRO, Geelong, VIC, Australia,*Correspondence: Rachel Layton ✉
| | - Daniel Layton
- Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, CSIRO, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - David Beggs
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Fisher
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Mansell
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kelly J. Stanger
- Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, CSIRO, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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19
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Laso-García F, Piniella D, Gómez-de Frutos MC, Casado-Fernández L, Pérez-Mato M, Alonso-López E, Otero-Ortega L, Bravo SB, Chantada-Vázquez MDP, Trilla-Fuertes L, Fresno-Vara JÁ, Fuentes B, Díez-Tejedor E, Gutiérrez-Fernández M, Alonso De Leciñana M. Protein content of blood-derived extracellular vesicles: An approach to the pathophysiology of cerebral hemorrhage. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 16:1058546. [PMID: 36776230 PMCID: PMC9912619 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1058546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) participate in cell-to-cell paracrine signaling and can be biomarkers of the pathophysiological processes underlying disease. In intracerebral hemorrhage, the study of the number and molecular content of circulating EVs may help elucidate the biological mechanisms involved in damage and repair, contributing valuable information to the identification of new therapeutic targets. Methods: The objective of this study was to describe the number and protein content of blood-derived EVs following an intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). For this purpose, an experimental ICH was induced in the striatum of Sprague-Dawley rats and EVs were isolated and characterized from blood at baseline, 24 h and 28 days. The protein content in the EVs was analyzed by mass spectrometric data-dependent acquisition; protein quantification was obtained by sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra data and compared at pre-defined time points. Results: Although no differences were found in the number of EVs, the proteomic study revealed that proteins related to the response to cellular damage such as deubiquitination, regulation of MAP kinase activity (UCHL1) and signal transduction (NDGR3), were up-expressed at 24 h compared to baseline; and that at 28 days, the protein expression profile was characterized by a higher content of the proteins involved in healing and repair processes such as cytoskeleton organization and response to growth factors (COR1B) and the regulation of autophagy (PI42B). Discussion: The protein content of circulating EVs at different time points following an ICH may reflect evolutionary changes in the pathophysiology of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Laso-García
- Neurological Sciences and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Neurology and Cerebrovascular Disease Group, Neuroscience Area La Paz Hospital Institute for Health Research—IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital—Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain,PhD Program in Neuroscience, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid—Instituto Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Piniella
- Neurological Sciences and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Neurology and Cerebrovascular Disease Group, Neuroscience Area La Paz Hospital Institute for Health Research—IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital—Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain,Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mari Carmen Gómez-de Frutos
- Neurological Sciences and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Neurology and Cerebrovascular Disease Group, Neuroscience Area La Paz Hospital Institute for Health Research—IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital—Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Casado-Fernández
- Neurological Sciences and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Neurology and Cerebrovascular Disease Group, Neuroscience Area La Paz Hospital Institute for Health Research—IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital—Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Pérez-Mato
- Neurological Sciences and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Neurology and Cerebrovascular Disease Group, Neuroscience Area La Paz Hospital Institute for Health Research—IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital—Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Alonso-López
- Neurological Sciences and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Neurology and Cerebrovascular Disease Group, Neuroscience Area La Paz Hospital Institute for Health Research—IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital—Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Otero-Ortega
- Neurological Sciences and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Neurology and Cerebrovascular Disease Group, Neuroscience Area La Paz Hospital Institute for Health Research—IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital—Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Belén Bravo
- Proteomic Unit, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Lucía Trilla-Fuertes
- Molecular Oncology and Pathology Lab, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics-INGEMM, La Paz University Hospital—IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Ángel Fresno-Vara
- Molecular Oncology and Pathology Lab, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics-INGEMM, La Paz University Hospital—IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Fuentes
- Neurological Sciences and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Neurology and Cerebrovascular Disease Group, Neuroscience Area La Paz Hospital Institute for Health Research—IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital—Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - Exuperio Díez-Tejedor
- Neurological Sciences and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Neurology and Cerebrovascular Disease Group, Neuroscience Area La Paz Hospital Institute for Health Research—IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital—Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Gutiérrez-Fernández
- Neurological Sciences and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Neurology and Cerebrovascular Disease Group, Neuroscience Area La Paz Hospital Institute for Health Research—IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital—Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain,*Correspondence: María Alonso de Leciñana María Gutiérrez-Fernández
| | - María Alonso De Leciñana
- Neurological Sciences and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Neurology and Cerebrovascular Disease Group, Neuroscience Area La Paz Hospital Institute for Health Research—IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital—Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain,*Correspondence: María Alonso de Leciñana María Gutiérrez-Fernández
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20
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Bateman LM, Hebert KA, Streeter SS, Nunziata JA, Barth CW, Wang LG, Gibbs SL, Henderson ER. Use of Freshly Amputated Human Limbs for Pre-Clinical Evaluation of Molecular-Targeted Fluorescent Probes. PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE--THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2023; 12361:1236109. [PMID: 37009433 PMCID: PMC10065840 DOI: 10.1117/12.2650356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
We have co-developed a first-in-kind model of fluorophore testing in freshly amputated human limbs. Ex vivo human tissue provides a unique opportunity for the testing of pre-clinical fluorescent agents, collection of imaging data, and histopathologic examination in human tissue prior to performing in vivo experiments. Existing pre-clinical fluorescent agent studies rely primarily on animal models, which do not directly predict fluorophore performance in humans and can result in wasted resources and time if an agent proves ineffective in early human trials. Because fluorophores have no desired therapeutic effect, their clinical utility is based solely on their safety and ability to highlight tissues of interest. Advancing to human trials even via the FDA's phase 0/microdose pathway still requires substantial resources, single-species pharmacokinetic testing, and toxicity testing. In a recently concluded study using amputated human lower limbs, we were able to test successfully a nerve-specific fluorophore in pre-clinical development. This study used systemic administration via vascular cannulization and a cardiac perfusion pump. We envision that this model may assist with early lead agent testing selection for fluorophores with various targets and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan M Bateman
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Kendra A Hebert
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Samuel S Streeter
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Jenna A Nunziata
- Heart and Vascular Center, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Connor W Barth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Lei G Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Summer L Gibbs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Eric R Henderson
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
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21
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El Atiallah I, Bonsi P, Tassone A, Martella G, Biella G, Castagno AN, Pisani A, Ponterio G. Synaptic Dysfunction in Dystonia: Update From Experimental Models. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:2310-2322. [PMID: 37464831 PMCID: PMC10556390 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230718100156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Dystonia, the third most common movement disorder, refers to a heterogeneous group of neurological diseases characterized by involuntary, sustained or intermittent muscle contractions resulting in repetitive twisting movements and abnormal postures. In the last few years, several studies on animal models helped expand our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying dystonia. These findings have reinforced the notion that the synaptic alterations found mainly in the basal ganglia and cerebellum, including the abnormal neurotransmitters signalling, receptor trafficking and synaptic plasticity, are a common hallmark of different forms of dystonia. In this review, we focus on the major contribution provided by rodent models of DYT-TOR1A, DYT-THAP1, DYT-GNAL, DYT/ PARK-GCH1, DYT/PARK-TH and DYT-SGCE dystonia, which reveal that an abnormal motor network and synaptic dysfunction represent key elements in the pathophysiology of dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilham El Atiallah
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Department of System Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Bonsi
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Tassone
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Martella
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Gerardo Biella
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio N. Castagno
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Mondino, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Pisani
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Mondino, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia Ponterio
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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22
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Harmatz P, Prada CE, Burton BK, Lau H, Kessler CM, Cao L, Falaleeva M, Villegas AG, Zeitler J, Meyer K, Miller W, Wong Po Foo C, Vaidya S, Swenson W, Shiue LH, Rouy D, Muenzer J. First-in-human in vivo genome editing via AAV-zinc-finger nucleases for mucopolysaccharidosis I/II and hemophilia B. Mol Ther 2022; 30:3587-3600. [PMID: 36299240 PMCID: PMC9734078 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc-finger nuclease (ZFN)-based in vivo genome editing is a novel treatment that can potentially provide lifelong protein replacement with single intravenous administration. Three first-in-human open-label ascending single-dose phase 1/2 studies were performed in parallel (starting November 2017) primarily to assess safety and tolerability of ZFN in vivo editing therapy in mucopolysaccharidosis I (MPS I) (n = 3), MPS II (n = 9), and hemophilia B (n = 1). Treatment was well tolerated with no serious treatment-related adverse events. At the 1e13 vg/kg dose, evidence of genome editing was detected through albumin-transgene fusion transcripts in liver for MPS II (n = 2) and MPS I (n = 1) subjects. The MPS I subject also had a transient increase in leukocyte iduronidase activity to the lower normal range. At the 5e13 vg/kg dose, one MPS II subject had a transient increase in plasma iduronate-2-sulfatase approaching normal levels and one MPS I subject approached mid-normal levels of leukocyte iduronidase activity with no evidence of genome editing. The hemophilia B subject was not able to decrease use of factor IX concentrate; genome editing could not be assessed. Overall, ZFN in vivo editing therapy had a favorable safety profile with evidence of targeted genome editing in liver, but no long-term enzyme expression in blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Harmatz
- UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital Oakland, Oakland, CA 94609, USA,Corresponding author
| | - Carlos E. Prada
- Division of Genetics, Birth Defects & Metabolism, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA,Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Barbara K. Burton
- Division of Genetics, Birth Defects & Metabolism, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Heather Lau
- Department of Neurology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Liching Cao
- Sangamo Therapeutics, Inc., Brisbane, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Didier Rouy
- Sangamo Therapeutics, Inc., Brisbane, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Muenzer
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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23
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Zhao W, Yang J, Kang Y, Hu K, Jiao M, Zhao B, Jiang Y, Liu C, Ding F, Yuan B, Ma B, Zhang K, Mikos AG, Zhang X. Animal Models of Rotator Cuff Injury and Repair: A Systematic Review. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2022; 28:1258-1273. [PMID: 35972750 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2022.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There are a large number of animal studies on rotator cuff injury and repair, but a lack of detailed research and evaluation on the animal models. This systematic review aims to provide a framework for animal studies and repair patches for rotator cuff injury. Four hundred nine animal studies were included, of which the most common animal model of rotator cuff injury is rat (53.56%), the most common site of rotator cuff injury is the supraspinatus tendon (62.10%), and the most common injury type (degree) is acute tear (full thickness) (48.41%). The most common research purpose is to evaluate the repair effect of the patch (24.94%), followed by the observation of pathophysiological changes after rotator cuff injury (20.87%). Among the five types of repair patch materials including nondegradable and degradable synthetic materials, autologous and allogeneic tissues, and naturally derived biomaterial, the last one is the mostly used (52.74%). For different animal models, the rodent models (rat and mouse) are the most commonly used and probably the most suitable species for preliminary studies of rotator cuff injury; the rabbit, canine, sheep, and goat models are more suitable for biomechanical performance testing, rehabilitation training, and validation of surgical methods; and the nonhuman primate models (monkey and baboon) are the closest to human, but it is more difficult to carry out the animal studies on them because of ethical issues, high feeding cost, and management difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlu Zhao
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinwei Yang
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,Reproductive Medicine Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-Care Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhao Kang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiyan Hu
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyue Jiao
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Zhao
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbiao Jiang
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Liu
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengxing Ding
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Yuan
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Ma
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhang
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Antonios G Mikos
- Department of Bioengineering, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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24
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Liu F, Aulin LBS, Guo T, Krekels EHJ, Moerland M, van der Graaf PH, van Hasselt JGC. Modelling inflammatory biomarker dynamics in a human lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge study using delay differential equations. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2022; 88:5420-5427. [PMID: 35921300 PMCID: PMC9804664 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies in healthy volunteers challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a constituent of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, represent a key model to characterize the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated inflammatory response. Here, we developed a mathematical modelling framework to quantitatively characterize the dynamics and inter-individual variability of multiple inflammatory biomarkers in healthy volunteer LPS challenge studies. Data from previously reported LPS challenge studies were used, which included individual-level time-course data for tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8) and C-reactive protein (CRP). A one-compartment model with first-order elimination was used to capture the LPS kinetics. The relationships between LPS and inflammatory markers was characterized using indirect response (IDR) models. Delay differential equations were applied to quantify the delays in biomarker response profiles. For LPS kinetics, our estimates of clearance and volume of distribution were 35.7 L h-1 and 6.35 L, respectively. Our model adequately captured the dynamics of multiple inflammatory biomarkers. The time delay for the secretion of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 were estimated to be 0.924, 1.46 and 1.48 h, respectively. A second IDR model was used to describe the induced changes of CRP in relation to IL-6, with a delayed time of 4.2 h. The quantitative models developed in this study can be used to inform design of clinical LPS challenge studies and may help to translate preclinical LPS challenge studies to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyan Liu
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug ResearchLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Linda B. S. Aulin
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug ResearchLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Tingjie Guo
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug ResearchLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Elke H. J. Krekels
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug ResearchLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Piet H. van der Graaf
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug ResearchLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands,Certara QSP, Canterbury Innovation CentreCanterburyUK
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25
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Yoon YN, Choe MH, Kong M, Chung WK, Kim JS, Lim YJ. Dynamic alterations in PD-1/PD-L1 expression level and immune cell profiles based on radiation response status in mouse tumor model. Front Oncol 2022; 12:989190. [DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.989190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionBased on the immunologic effects of anti-cancer treatment and their therapeutic implications, we evaluated radiotherapy (RT)-induced dynamic alterations in programmed death-1 (PD-1)/PD ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression profiles.MethodsLocal RT with 2 Gy × 5 or 7.5 Gy × 1 was administered to the CT26 mouse model. Thereafter, tumors were resected and evaluated at the following predefined timepoints according to radiation response status: baseline, early (immediately after RT), middle (beginning of tumor shrinkage), late (stable status with RT effect), and progression (tumor regrowth). PD-1/PD-L1 activity and related immune cell profiles were quantitatively assessed.ResultsRT upregulated PD-L1 expression in tumor cells from the middle to late phase; however, the levels subsequently decreased to levels comparable to baseline in the progression phase. RT with 2 Gy × 5 induced a higher frequency of PD-L1+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells, with a lesser degree of tumor regression, compared to 7.5 Gy. The proportion of PD-1+ and interferon (IFN)-γ+CD8α T cells continued to increase. The frequency of splenic PD-1+CD8+ T cells was markedly elevated, and was sustained longer with 2 Gy × 5. Based on the transcriptomic data, RT stimulated the transcription of immune-related genes, leading to sequentially altered patterns.DiscussionThe dynamic alterations in PD-1/PD-L1 expression level were observed according to the time phases of tumor regression. This study suggests the influence of tumor cell killing and radiation dosing strategy on the tumor immune microenvironment.
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26
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Wang R, Zhu W, Liang G, Xu J, Guo J, Wang L. Animal models for epileptic foci localization, seizure detection, and prediction by electrical impedance tomography. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. COGNITIVE SCIENCE 2022; 13:e1619. [PMID: 36093634 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Surgical resection of lesions and closed-loop suppression are the two main treatment options for patients with refractory epilepsy whose symptoms cannot be managed with medicines. Unfortunately, failures in foci localization and seizure prediction are constraining these treatments. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT), sensitive to impedance changes caused by blood flow or cell swelling, is a potential new way to locate epileptic foci and predict seizures. Animal validation is a necessary research process before EIT can be used in clinical practice, but it is unclear which among the many animal epilepsy models is most suited to this task. The selection of an animal model of epilepsy that is similar to human seizures and can be adapted to EIT is important for the accuracy and reliability of EIT research results. This study provides an overview of the animal models of epilepsy that have been used in research on the use of EIT to locate the foci or predict seizures; discusses the advantages and disadvantages of these models regarding inducement by chemical convulsant and electrical stimulation; and finally proposes optimal animal models of epilepsy to obtain more convincing research results for foci localization and seizure prediction by EIT. The ultimate goal of this study is to facilitate the development of new treatments for patients with refractory epilepsy. This article is categorized under: Neuroscience > Clinical Neuroscience Psychology > Brain Function and Dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenjing Zhu
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guohua Liang
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiaming Xu
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Guo
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
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27
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Al-Khalaifah H, Alotaibi M, Al-Nasser A. The relation between avian coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:976462. [PMID: 36312988 PMCID: PMC9608149 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.976462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronaviruses (CoVs) are a family of ribonucleic acid viruses that are present in both mammals and birds. SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV originated in bats, and there is a possibility that this could be the case for SARS-CoV-2 as well. There is already evidence that a probable intermediary host is responsible for the emergence of viruses in humans as was the case for SARS-CoVs and MERS-CoV. As the SARS-CoV-2 originated from a live animal market, there is always the question if domestic animals are susceptible to these viruses and the possible risk of zoonotic transmission with mammals, including humans. This uncertainty of the transmission of the COVID-19 virus between humans and animals is of great significance worldwide. Hence, this paper focuses on the avian CoVs and their possible relation and interaction with SARS-CoV-2.
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Arrazuria R, Kerscher B, Huber KE, Hoover JL, Lundberg CV, Hansen JU, Sordello S, Renard S, Aranzana-Climent V, Hughes D, Gribbon P, Friberg LE, Bekeredjian-Ding I. Variability of murine bacterial pneumonia models used to evaluate antimicrobial agents. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:988728. [PMID: 36160241 PMCID: PMC9493352 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.988728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance has become one of the greatest threats to human health, and new antibacterial treatments are urgently needed. As a tool to develop novel therapies, animal models are essential to bridge the gap between preclinical and clinical research. However, despite common usage of in vivo models that mimic clinical infection, translational challenges remain high. Standardization of in vivo models is deemed necessary to improve the robustness and reproducibility of preclinical studies and thus translational research. The European Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI)-funded “Collaboration for prevention and treatment of MDR bacterial infections” (COMBINE) consortium, aims to develop a standardized, quality-controlled murine pneumonia model for preclinical efficacy testing of novel anti-infective candidates and to improve tools for the translation of preclinical data to the clinic. In this review of murine pneumonia model data published in the last 10 years, we present our findings of considerable variability in the protocols employed for testing the efficacy of antimicrobial compounds using this in vivo model. Based on specific inclusion criteria, fifty-three studies focusing on antimicrobial assessment against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii were reviewed in detail. The data revealed marked differences in the experimental design of the murine pneumonia models employed in the literature. Notably, several differences were observed in variables that are expected to impact the obtained results, such as the immune status of the animals, the age, infection route and sample processing, highlighting the necessity of a standardized model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakel Arrazuria
- Division of Microbiology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | | | - Karen E. Huber
- Division of Microbiology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Jennifer L. Hoover
- Infectious Diseases Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Collegeville, PA, United States
| | | | - Jon Ulf Hansen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Diarmaid Hughes
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Philip Gribbon
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Discovery Research ScreeningPort, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Isabelle Bekeredjian-Ding
- Division of Microbiology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- *Correspondence: Isabelle Bekeredjian-Ding,
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29
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Lillyman DJ, Lee FS, Barnett EC, Miller TJ, Alvaro ML, Drvol HC, Wachs RA. Axial hypersensitivity is associated with aberrant nerve sprouting in a novel model of disc degeneration in female Sprague Dawley rats. JOR Spine 2022; 5:e1212. [PMID: 36203864 PMCID: PMC9520768 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic low back pain is a global socioeconomic crisis and treatments are lacking in part due to inadequate models. Etiological research suggests that the predominant pathology associated with chronic low back pain is intervertebral disc degeneration. Various research teams have created rat models of disc degeneration, but the clinical translatability of these models has been limited by an absence of robust chronic pain‐like behavior. To address this deficit, disc degeneration was induced via an artificial annular tear in female Sprague Dawley rats. The subsequent degeneration, which was allowed to progress for 18‐weeks, caused a drastic reduction in disc volume. Furthermore, from week 10 till study conclusion, injured animals exhibited significant axial hypersensitivity. At study end, intervertebral discs were assessed for important characteristics of human degenerated discs: extracellular matrix breakdown, hypocellularity, inflammation, and nerve sprouting. All these aspects were significantly increased in injured animals compared to sham controls. Also of note, 20 significant correlations were detected between selected outcomes including a moderate and highly significant correlation (R = 0.59, p < 0.0004) between axial hypersensitivity and disc nerve sprouting. These data support this model as a rigorous platform to explore the pathobiology of disc‐associated low back pain and to screen treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Lillyman
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering University of Nebraska Lincoln Nebraska USA
| | - Fei San Lee
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering University of Nebraska Lincoln Nebraska USA
| | - Evie C. Barnett
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering University of Nebraska Lincoln Nebraska USA
| | - Tyler J. Miller
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering University of Nebraska Lincoln Nebraska USA
| | - Moreno Lozano Alvaro
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering University of Nebraska Lincoln Nebraska USA
| | - Henry C. Drvol
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering University of Nebraska Lincoln Nebraska USA
| | - Rebecca A. Wachs
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering University of Nebraska Lincoln Nebraska USA
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30
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Bigay J, Le Grand R, Martinon F, Maisonnasse P. Vaccine-associated enhanced disease in humans and animal models: Lessons and challenges for vaccine development. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:932408. [PMID: 36033843 PMCID: PMC9399815 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.932408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The fight against infectious diseases calls for the development of safe and effective vaccines that generate long-lasting protective immunity. In a few situations, vaccine-mediated immune responses may have led to exacerbated pathology upon subsequent infection with the pathogen targeted by the vaccine. Such vaccine-associated enhanced disease (VAED) has been reported, or at least suspected, in animal models, and in a few instances in humans, for vaccine candidates against the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), measles virus (MV), dengue virus (DENV), HIV-1, simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1), and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Although alleviated by clinical and epidemiological evidence, a number of concerns were also initially raised concerning the short- and long-term safety of vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is causing the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Although the mechanisms leading to this phenomenon are not yet completely understood, the individual and/or collective role of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), complement-dependent enhancement, and cell-dependent enhancement have been highlighted. Here, we review mechanisms that may be associated with the risk of VAED, which are important to take into consideration, both in the assessment of vaccine safety and in finding ways to define models and immunization strategies that can alleviate such concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Frédéric Martinon
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), IDMIT Department, Institut de Biologie François-Jacob (IBJF), University Paris-Sud-INSERM U1184, CEA, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
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31
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Rosa JT, Tarasco M, Gavaia PJ, Cancela ML, Laizé V. Screening of Mineralogenic and Osteogenic Compounds in Zebrafish—Tools to Improve Assay Throughput and Data Accuracy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15080983. [PMID: 36015130 PMCID: PMC9412667 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone disorders affect millions of people worldwide and treatments currently available often produce undesirable secondary effects or have limited efficacy. It is therefore of the utmost interest for patients to develop more efficient drugs with reduced off-target activities. In the long process of drug development, screening and preclinical validation have recently gained momentum with the increased use of zebrafish as a model organism to study pathological processes related to human bone disorders, and the development of zebrafish high-throughput screening assays to identify bone anabolic compounds. In this review, we provided a comprehensive overview of the literature on zebrafish bone-related assays and evaluated their performance towards an integration into screening pipelines for the discovery of mineralogenic/osteogenic compounds. Tools available to standardize fish housing and feeding procedures, synchronize embryo production, and automatize specimen sorting and image acquisition/analysis toward faster and more accurate screening outputs were also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana T. Rosa
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- S2AQUA—Collaborative Laboratory, Association for a Sustainable and Smart Aquaculture, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal
| | - Marco Tarasco
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Paulo J. Gavaia
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- GreenColab—Associação Oceano Verde, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - M. Leonor Cancela
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Vincent Laizé
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- S2AQUA—Collaborative Laboratory, Association for a Sustainable and Smart Aquaculture, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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32
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Bromer FD, Brent MB, Thomsen JS, Brüel A. Drill-Hole Bone Defects in Animal Models of Bone Healing: Protocol for a Systematic Review. JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e34887. [PMID: 35849443 PMCID: PMC9345022 DOI: 10.2196/34887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bone fractures are common conditions of the musculoskeletal system. Several animal models of bone fractures have been established to help elucidate the complex process of bone healing. In the last decades, drill-hole bone defects have emerged as a method to study bone healing. Animal models of drill-hole defects are easy to standardize and do not require external fixation of the bone. However, current studies of drill-hole bone defects lack detailed descriptions of techniques and interstudy standardization. Objective This systematic review aims to present a detailed description of the different methods used to induce drill-hole bone defects in long bones of laboratory animals and to provide a comprehensive overview of their methodology and potential for investigation of bone healing. Methods A systematic search of PubMed and Embase will be performed of abstracts containing variations of the following four keywords: “long bone,” “drill-hole,” “regeneration,” and “animal model.” Abstract screening and full-text screening will be performed independently by 2 reviewers, and data will be extracted to a predesigned extraction protocol. The primary outcome of the included studies is the technique used to create the drill-hole bone defect, and secondary outcomes are any measurements or analyses of bone defect and regeneration. A narrative synthesis will be used to present the primary outcome, while information on secondary outcomes will be displayed graphically. The study protocol follows the PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols) guidelines. Results Abstract and full-text screening is ongoing and is expected to be completed by October 2022. Data extraction will commence immediately after, and the manuscript is expected to be completed by December 2023. The systematic review will follow the PRISMA statement. Conclusions The strength of this systematic review is that it provides a comprehensive methodological overview of the different drill-hole methods and their advantages and disadvantages. This will assist researchers in choosing which model to use when studying different aspects of bone healing. Trial Registration International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42020213076; https://tinyurl.com/bp56wdwe International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/34887
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mikkel Bo Brent
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Annemarie Brüel
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Cardiovascular Diseases in the Digital Health Era: A Translational Approach from the Lab to the Clinic. BIOTECH 2022; 11:biotech11030023. [PMID: 35892928 PMCID: PMC9326743 DOI: 10.3390/biotech11030023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Translational science has been introduced as the nexus among the scientific and the clinical field, which allows researchers to provide and demonstrate that the evidence-based research can connect the gaps present between basic and clinical levels. This type of research has played a major role in the field of cardiovascular diseases, where the main objective has been to identify and transfer potential treatments identified at preclinical stages into clinical practice. This transfer has been enhanced by the intromission of digital health solutions into both basic research and clinical scenarios. This review aimed to identify and summarize the most important translational advances in the last years in the cardiovascular field together with the potential challenges that still remain in basic research, clinical scenarios, and regulatory agencies.
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34
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Veronesi F, Salamanna F, Martini L, Fini M. Naturally Occurring Osteoarthritis Features and Treatments: Systematic Review on the Aged Guinea Pig Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137309. [PMID: 35806306 PMCID: PMC9266929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, several in vivo models have been used to reproduce the onset and monitor the progression of osteoarthritis (OA), and guinea pigs represent a standard model for studying naturally occurring, age-related OA. This systematic review aims to characterize the guinea pig for its employment in in vivo, naturally occurring OA studies and for the evaluation of specific disease-modifying agents. The search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Knowledge in the last 10 years. Of the 233 records screened, 49 studies were included. Results showed that within a relatively short period of time, this model develops specific OA aspects, including cartilage degeneration, marginal osteophytes formation, and subchondral bone alterations. Disease severity increases with age, beginning at 3 months with mild OA and reaching moderate–severe OA at 18 months. Among the different strains, Dunkin Hartley develops OA at a relatively early age. Thus, disease-modifying agents have mainly been evaluated for this strain. As summarized herein, spontaneous development of OA in guinea pigs represents an excellent model for studying disease pathogenesis and for evaluating therapeutic interventions. In an ongoing effort at standardization, a detailed characterization of specific OA models is necessary, even considering the main purpose of these models, i.e., translatability to human OA.
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35
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Rahman MU, Bilal M, Shah JA, Kaushik A, Teissedre PL, Kujawska M. CRISPR-Cas9-Based Technology and Its Relevance to Gene Editing in Parkinson's Disease. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1252. [PMID: 35745824 PMCID: PMC9229276 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) and other chronic and debilitating neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) impose a substantial medical, emotional, and financial burden on individuals and society. The origin of PD is unknown due to a complex combination of hereditary and environmental risk factors. However, over the last several decades, a significant amount of available data from clinical and experimental studies has implicated neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, dysregulated protein degradation, and mitochondrial dysfunction as the primary causes of PD neurodegeneration. The new gene-editing techniques hold great promise for research and therapy of NDs, such as PD, for which there are currently no effective disease-modifying treatments. As a result, gene therapy may offer new treatment options, transforming our ability to treat this disease. We present a detailed overview of novel gene-editing delivery vehicles, which is essential for their successful implementation in both cutting-edge research and prospective therapeutics. Moreover, we review the most recent advancements in CRISPR-based applications and gene therapies for a better understanding of treating PD. We explore the benefits and drawbacks of using them for a range of gene-editing applications in the brain, emphasizing some fascinating possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujeeb ur Rahman
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30, 60-631 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China;
| | - Junaid Ali Shah
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
- Fergana Medical Institute of Public Health Uzbekistan, Fergana 150110, Uzbekistan
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Health System Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL 33805, USA;
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Pierre-Louis Teissedre
- Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Université de Bordeaux, EA 4577, Œnologie, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France;
- Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, INRA, USC 1366 INRA, IPB, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Małgorzata Kujawska
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30, 60-631 Poznan, Poland;
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36
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Ciccimarra R, Bolognesi MM, Zoboli M, Cattoretti G, Stellari FF, Ravanetti F. The normal and fibrotic mouse lung classified by spatial proteomic analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8742. [PMID: 35610327 PMCID: PMC9130283 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12738-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Single cell classification is elucidating homeostasis and pathology in tissues and whole organs. We applied in situ spatial proteomics by multiplex antibody staining to routinely processed mouse lung, healthy and during a fibrosis model. With a limited validated antibody panel (24) we classify the normal constituents (alveolar type I and II, bronchial epithelia, endothelial, muscular, stromal and hematopoietic cells) and by quantitative measurements, we show the progress of lung fibrosis over a 4 weeks course, the changing landscape and the cell-specific quantitative variation of a multidrug transporter. An early decline in AT2 alveolar cells and a progressive increase in stromal cells seems at the core of the fibrotic process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matteo Zoboli
- Department of Veterinary Science, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giorgio Cattoretti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Franco F Stellari
- Corporate Preclinical R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.P.A., Largo Belloli 11/A, 43122, Parma, Italy.
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Schaaf CR, Gonzalez LM. Use of Translational, Genetically Modified Porcine Models to Ultimately Improve Intestinal Disease Treatment. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:878952. [PMID: 35669174 PMCID: PMC9164269 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.878952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
For both human and veterinary patients, non-infectious intestinal disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. To improve treatment of intestinal disease, large animal models are increasingly recognized as critical tools to translate the basic science discoveries made in rodent models into clinical application. Large animal intestinal models, particularly porcine, more closely resemble human anatomy, physiology, and disease pathogenesis; these features make them critical to the pre-clinical study of intestinal disease treatments. Previously, large animal model use has been somewhat precluded by the lack of genetically altered large animals to mechanistically investigate non-infectious intestinal diseases such as colorectal cancer, cystic fibrosis, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, recent advances and increased availability of gene editing technologies has led to both novel use of large animal models in clinically relevant intestinal disease research and improved testing of potential therapeutics for these diseases.
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Shukla P, Yeleswarapu S, Heinrich M, Prakash J, Pati F. Mimicking Tumor Microenvironment by 3D Bioprinting: 3D Cancer Modeling. Biofabrication 2022; 14. [PMID: 35512666 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac6d11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment typically comprises cancer cells, tumor vasculature, stromal components like fibroblasts, and host immune cells that assemble to support tumorigenesis. However, preexisting classic cancer models like 2D cell culture methods, 3D cancer spheroids, and tumor organoids seem to lack essential tumor microenvironment components. 3D bioprinting offers enormous advantages for developing in vitro tumor models by allowing user-controlled deposition of multiple biomaterials, cells, and biomolecules in a predefined architecture. This review highlights the recent developments in 3D cancer modeling using different bioprinting techniques to recreate the TME. 3D bioprinters enable fabrication of high-resolution microstructures to reproduce TME intricacies. Furthermore, 3D bioprinted models can be applied as a preclinical model for versatile research applications in the tumor biology and pharmaceutical industries. These models provide an opportunity to develop high-throughput drug screening platforms and can further be developed to suit individual patient requirements hence giving a boost to the field of personalized anti-cancer therapeutics. We underlined the various ways the existing studies have tried to mimic the TME, mimic the hallmark events of cancer growth and metastasis within the 3D bioprinted models and showcase the 3D drug-tumor interaction and further utilization of such models to develop personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanshu Shukla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Hyderabad, Telangana, 502285, INDIA
| | - Sriya Yeleswarapu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Hyderabad, Telangana, 502285, INDIA
| | - Marcel Heinrich
- Department of Biomaterials, Science and Technology, University of Twente Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Biomaterials, Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7500AE, Enschede, The Netherlands, Enschede, Overijssel, 7500 AE, NETHERLANDS
| | - Jai Prakash
- Department of Biomaterials, Science and Technology, University of Twente Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Biomaterials, Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7500AE, Enschede, The Netherlands, Enschede, Overijssel, 7500 AE, NETHERLANDS
| | - Falguni Pati
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Hyderabad, Telangana, 502285, INDIA
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39
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Yang Q, Hong Y, Zhao T, Song H, Ming GL. What Makes Organoids Good Models of Human Neurogenesis? Front Neurosci 2022; 16:872794. [PMID: 35495031 PMCID: PMC9048596 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.872794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Human neurogenesis occurs mainly in embryonic, fetal, and neonatal stages and generates tremendously diverse neural cell types that constitute the human nervous system. Studies on human neurogenesis have been limited due to a lack of access to human embryonic and fetal tissues. Brain organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells not only recapitulate major developmental processes during neurogenesis, but also exhibit human-specific features, thus providing an unprecedented opportunity to study human neurodevelopment. First, three-dimensional brain organoids resemble early human neurogenesis with diverse stem cell pools, including the presence of primate-enriched outer radial glia cells. Second, brain organoids recapitulate human neurogenesis at the cellular level, generating diverse neuronal cell types and forming stratified cortical layers. Third, brain organoids also capture gliogenesis with the presence of human-specific astrocytes. Fourth, combined with genome-editing technologies, brain organoids are promising models for investigating functions of human-specific genes at different stages of human neurogenesis. Finally, human organoids derived from patient iPSCs can recapitulate specific disease phenotypes, providing unique models for studying developmental brain disorders of genetic and environmental causes, and for mechanistic studies and drug screening. The aim of this review is to illustrate why brain organoids are good models to study various steps of human neurogenesis, with a focus on corticogenesis. We also discuss limitations of current brain organoid models and future improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yan Hong
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ting Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hongjun Song
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States,The Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Guo-li Ming
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States,Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States,*Correspondence: Guo-li Ming,
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Dong S, Nessler I, Kopp A, Rubahamya B, Thurber GM. Predictive Simulations in Preclinical Oncology to Guide the Translation of Biologics. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:836925. [PMID: 35308243 PMCID: PMC8927291 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.836925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical in vivo studies form the cornerstone of drug development and translation, bridging in vitro experiments with first-in-human trials. However, despite the utility of animal models, translation from the bench to bedside remains difficult, particularly for biologics and agents with unique mechanisms of action. The limitations of these animal models may advance agents that are ineffective in the clinic, or worse, screen out compounds that would be successful drugs. One reason for such failure is that animal models often allow clinically intolerable doses, which can undermine translation from otherwise promising efficacy studies. Other times, tolerability makes it challenging to identify the necessary dose range for clinical testing. With the ability to predict pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic responses, mechanistic simulations can help advance candidates from in vitro to in vivo and clinical studies. Here, we use basic insights into drug disposition to analyze the dosing of antibody drug conjugates (ADC) and checkpoint inhibitor dosing (PD-1 and PD-L1) in the clinic. The results demonstrate how simulations can identify the most promising clinical compounds rather than the most effective in vitro and preclinical in vivo agents. Likewise, the importance of quantifying absolute target expression and antibody internalization is critical to accurately scale dosing. These predictive models are capable of simulating clinical scenarios and providing results that can be validated and updated along the entire development pipeline starting in drug discovery. Combined with experimental approaches, simulations can guide the selection of compounds at early stages that are predicted to have the highest efficacy in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Dong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Ian Nessler
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Anna Kopp
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Baron Rubahamya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Greg M. Thurber
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Greg M. Thurber,
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Harwood R, Bridge J, Ressel L, Scarfe L, Sharkey J, Czanner G, Kalra PA, Odudu A, Kenny S, Wilm B, Murray P. Murine models of renal ischemia reperfusion injury: An opportunity for refinement using noninvasive monitoring methods. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15211. [PMID: 35266337 PMCID: PMC8907719 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal ischemia reperfusion injury (R-IRI) can cause acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. To understand the underlying mechanisms, reproducible small-animal models of AKI and CKD are needed. We describe how innovative technologies for measuring kidney function noninvasively in small rodents allow successful refinement of the R-IRI models, and offer the unique opportunity to monitor longitudinally in individual animals the transition from AKI to CKD. METHODS Male BALB/c mice underwent bilateral renal pedicle clamping (AKI) or unilateral renal pedicle clamping with delayed contralateral nephrectomy (CKD) under isoflurane anesthetic. Transdermal GFR monitoring and multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) in combination with statistical analysis were used to identify and standardize variables within these models. RESULTS Pre-clamping anesthetic time was one of the most important predictors of AKI severity after R-IRI. Standardizing pre-clamping time resulted in a more predictably severe AKI model. In the CKD model, MSOT demonstrated initial improvement in renal function, followed by significant progressive reduction in function between weeks 2 and 4. Performing contralateral nephrectomy on day 14 enabled the development of CKD with minimal mortality. CONCLUSIONS Noninvasive monitoring of global and individual renal function after R-IRI is feasible and reproducible. These techniques can facilitate refinement of kidney injury models and enable the degree of injury seen in preclinical models to be translated to those seen in the clinical setting. Thus, future therapies can be tested in a clinically relevant, noninvasive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Harwood
- Institute of Translational MedicineUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
- Alder Hey Children's HospitalLiverpoolUK
| | - Joshua Bridge
- Department of BiostatisticsUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
- Department of Eye and Vision ScienceUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Lorenzo Ressel
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public HealthUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Lauren Scarfe
- Institute of Translational MedicineUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Jack Sharkey
- Institute of Translational MedicineUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Gabriela Czanner
- Department of BiostatisticsUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
- University of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
- University of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Philip A Kalra
- Division of Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Salford Royal NHS Foundation TrustSalfordUK
| | - Aghogho Odudu
- Division of Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Simon Kenny
- Institute of Translational MedicineUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
- Alder Hey Children's HospitalLiverpoolUK
| | - Bettina Wilm
- Institute of Translational MedicineUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Patricia Murray
- Institute of Translational MedicineUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
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Bigelow LJ, Perry MA, Ogilvie SL, Tasker RA. Longitudinal Assessment of Behaviour and Associated Bio-Markers Following Chronic Consumption of β-Sitosterol β-D-Glucoside in Rats: A Putative Model of Parkinson’s Disease. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:810148. [PMID: 35281495 PMCID: PMC8907918 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.810148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of cycad (Cycas circinalis) seeds has been linked to the development of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis-Parkinsonism Dementia Complex (ALS-PDC) in humans. ALS-PDC is a clinically variable disease presenting as a combination of symptoms typical of PD and/or ALS. Chronic consumption of β-sitosterol β-D-glucoside (BSSG), a component of the cycad seed, by rats (Rattus norvegicus) has been previously reported to initiate a progressive pathology that develops over several months and manifests as behavioural and histopathological changes that resemble characteristic features of Parkinson’s disease. As part of an independent multi-site validation study, we have tried to replicate and further characterize the BSSG model with a focus on motor function, and associated immunohistochemical markers. Beginning at 3 months of age, male CD® (Sprague Dawley) rats (N = 80) were dosed orally with either a flour pellet or a flour pellet containing BSSG (3 mg) daily (5×/week) for 16 weeks consistent with previous reports of the model. Following BSSG intoxication, separate cohorts of animals (n = 10/treatment) were exposed to a behavioural test battery at 16, 24, 32, or 40 weeks post-initial BSSG feeding. The test battery consisted of the open field test, cylinder test, and ultrasonic vocalization (USV) assessment. No changes in behaviour were observed at any time point. Following behavioural testing, animals were processed for immunohistochemical markers of substantia nigra integrity. Immunohistochemistry of brain tissue revealed no differences in the microglial marker, Iba1, or the dopaminergic integrity marker, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), in the substantia nigra at any assessment point. The absence of any group differences in behaviour and immunhistochemistry indicates an inability to replicate previous reports. Further investigation into the sources of variability in the model is necessary prior to further utilization of the BSSG model in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan J. Bigelow
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
- *Correspondence: Logan J. Bigelow,
| | - Melissa A. Perry
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Sarah L. Ogilvie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - R. Andrew Tasker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Blood Bacteria-Free DNA in Septic Mice Enhances LPS-Induced Inflammation in Mice through Macrophage Response. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031907. [PMID: 35163830 PMCID: PMC8836862 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although bacteria-free DNA in blood during systemic infection is mainly derived from bacterial death, translocation of the DNA from the gut into the blood circulation (gut translocation) is also possible. Hence, several mouse models with experiments on macrophages were conducted to explore the sources, influences, and impacts of bacteria-free DNA in sepsis. First, bacteria-free DNA and bacteriome in blood were demonstrated in cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) sepsis mice. Second, administration of bacterial lysate (a source of bacterial DNA) in dextran sulfate solution (DSS)-induced mucositis mice elevated blood bacteria-free DNA without bacteremia supported gut translocation of free DNA. The absence of blood bacteria-free DNA in DSS mice without bacterial lysate implies an impact of the abundance of bacterial DNA in intestinal contents on the translocation of free DNA. Third, higher serum cytokines in mice after injection of combined bacterial DNA with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), when compared to LPS injection alone, supported an influence of blood bacteria-free DNA on systemic inflammation. The synergistic effects of free DNA and LPS on macrophage pro-inflammatory responses, as indicated by supernatant cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10), pro-inflammatory genes (NFκB, iNOS, and IL-1β), and profound energy alteration (enhanced glycolysis with reduced mitochondrial functions), which was neutralized by TLR-9 inhibition (chloroquine), were demonstrated. In conclusion, the presence of bacteria-free DNA in sepsis mice is partly due to gut translocation of bacteria-free DNA into the systemic circulation, which would enhance sepsis severity. Inhibition of the responses against bacterial DNA by TLR-9 inhibition could attenuate LPS-DNA synergy in macrophages and might help improve sepsis hyper-inflammation in some situations.
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Salmina AB, Malinovskaya NA, Morgun AV, Khilazheva ED, Uspenskaya YA, Illarioshkin SN. Reproducibility of developmental neuroplasticity in in vitro brain tissue models. Rev Neurosci 2022; 33:531-554. [PMID: 34983132 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2021-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The current prevalence of neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative diseases, stroke and brain injury stimulates studies aimed to identify new molecular targets, to select the drug candidates, to complete the whole set of preclinical and clinical trials, and to implement new drugs into routine neurological practice. Establishment of protocols based on microfluidics, blood-brain barrier- or neurovascular unit-on-chip, and microphysiological systems allowed improving the barrier characteristics and analyzing the regulation of local microcirculation, angiogenesis, and neurogenesis. Reconstruction of key mechanisms of brain development and even some aspects of experience-driven brain plasticity would be helpful in the establishment of brain in vitro models with the highest degree of reliability. Activity, metabolic status and expression pattern of cells within the models can be effectively assessed with the protocols of system biology, cell imaging, and functional cell analysis. The next generation of in vitro models should demonstrate high scalability, 3D or 4D complexity, possibility to be combined with other tissues or cell types within the microphysiological systems, compatibility with bio-inks or extracellular matrix-like materials, achievement of adequate vascularization, patient-specific characteristics, and opportunity to provide high-content screening. In this review, we will focus on currently available and prospective brain tissue in vitro models suitable for experimental and preclinical studies with the special focus on models enabling 4D reconstruction of brain tissue for the assessment of brain development, brain plasticity, and drug kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla B Salmina
- Laboratory of Experimental Brain Cytology, Research Center of Neurology, Volokolamskoe Highway 80, Moscow, 125367, Russia.,Research Institute of Molecular Medicine & Pathobiochemistry, Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, P. Zhelenzyaka str., 1, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
| | - Natalia A Malinovskaya
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine & Pathobiochemistry, Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, P. Zhelenzyaka str., 1, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
| | - Andrey V Morgun
- Department of Ambulatory Pediatrics, Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, P. Zheleznyaka str., 1, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
| | - Elena D Khilazheva
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine & Pathobiochemistry, Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, P. Zhelenzyaka str., 1, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
| | - Yulia A Uspenskaya
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine & Pathobiochemistry, Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, P. Zhelenzyaka str., 1, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
| | - Sergey N Illarioshkin
- Department of Brain Studies, Research Center of Neurology, Volokolamskoe Highway, 80, Moscow 125367, Russia
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Kelley RC, Betancourt L, Noriega AM, Brinson SC, Curbelo-Bermudez N, Hahn D, Kumar RA, Balazic E, Muscato DR, Ryan TE, van der Pijl RJ, Shen S, Ottenheijm CAC, Ferreira LF. Skeletal myopathy in a rat model of postmenopausal heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 132:106-125. [PMID: 34792407 PMCID: PMC8742741 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00170.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) accounts for ∼50% of all patients with heart failure and frequently affects postmenopausal women. The HFpEF condition is phenotype-specific, with skeletal myopathy that is crucial for disease development and progression. However, most of the current preclinical models of HFpEF have not addressed the postmenopausal phenotype. We sought to advance a rodent model of postmenopausal HFpEF and examine skeletal muscle abnormalities therein. Female, ovariectomized, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were fed a high-fat, high-sucrose diet to induce HFpEF. Controls were female sham-operated Wistar-Kyoto rats on a lean diet. In a complementary, longer-term cohort, controls were female sham-operated SHRs on a lean diet to evaluate the effect of strain difference in the model. Our model developed key features of HFpEF that included increased body weight, glucose intolerance, hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction, exercise intolerance, and elevated plasma cytokines. In limb skeletal muscle, HFpEF decreased specific force by 15%-30% (P < 0.05) and maximal mitochondrial respiration by 40%-55% (P < 0.05), increased oxidized glutathione by approximately twofold (P < 0.05), and tended to increase mitochondrial H2O2 emission (P = 0.10). Muscle fiber cross-sectional area, markers of mitochondrial content, and indices of capillarity were not different between control and HFpEF in our short-term cohort. Overall, our preclinical model of postmenopausal HFpEF recapitulates several key features of the disease. This new model reveals contractile and mitochondrial dysfunction and redox imbalance that are potential contributors to abnormal metabolism, exercise intolerance, and diminished quality of life in patients with postmenopausal HFpEF.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a condition with phenotype-specific features highly prevalent in postmenopausal women and skeletal myopathy contributing to disease development and progression. We advanced a rat model of postmenopausal HFpEF with key cardiovascular and systemic features of the disease. Our study shows that the skeletal myopathy of postmenopausal HFpEF includes loss of limb muscle-specific force independent of atrophy, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidized shift in redox balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C Kelley
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Lauren Betancourt
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Andrea M Noriega
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Suzanne C Brinson
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Nuria Curbelo-Bermudez
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Dongwoo Hahn
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Ravi A Kumar
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Eliza Balazic
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Derek R Muscato
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Terence E Ryan
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Robbert J van der Pijl
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Shengyi Shen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Coen A C Ottenheijm
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leonardo F Ferreira
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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Pitsalidis C, Pappa AM, Boys AJ, Fu Y, Moysidou CM, van Niekerk D, Saez J, Savva A, Iandolo D, Owens RM. Organic Bioelectronics for In Vitro Systems. Chem Rev 2021; 122:4700-4790. [PMID: 34910876 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectronics have made strides in improving clinical diagnostics and precision medicine. The potential of bioelectronics for bidirectional interfacing with biology through continuous, label-free monitoring on one side and precise control of biological activity on the other has extended their application scope to in vitro systems. The advent of microfluidics and the considerable advances in reliability and complexity of in vitro models promise to eventually significantly reduce or replace animal studies, currently the gold standard in drug discovery and toxicology testing. Bioelectronics are anticipated to play a major role in this transition offering a much needed technology to push forward the drug discovery paradigm. Organic electronic materials, notably conjugated polymers, having demonstrated technological maturity in fields such as solar cells and light emitting diodes given their outstanding characteristics and versatility in processing, are the obvious route forward for bioelectronics due to their biomimetic nature, among other merits. This review highlights the advances in conjugated polymers for interfacing with biological tissue in vitro, aiming ultimately to develop next generation in vitro systems. We showcase in vitro interfacing across multiple length scales, involving biological models of varying complexity, from cell components to complex 3D cell cultures. The state of the art, the possibilities, and the challenges of conjugated polymers toward clinical translation of in vitro systems are also discussed throughout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalampos Pitsalidis
- Department of Physics, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| | - Anna-Maria Pappa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE
| | - Alexander J Boys
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| | - Ying Fu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.,Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K
| | - Chrysanthi-Maria Moysidou
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| | - Douglas van Niekerk
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| | - Janire Saez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.,Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, BIOMICs Microfluidics Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Miguel de Unamuno, 3, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Achilleas Savva
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| | - Donata Iandolo
- INSERM, U1059 Sainbiose, Université Jean Monnet, Mines Saint-Étienne, Université de Lyon, 42023 Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Róisín M Owens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
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Pottkämper JCM, Verdijk JPAJ, Hofmeijer J, van Waarde JA, van Putten MJAM. Seizures induced in electroconvulsive therapy as a human epilepsy model: A comparative case study. Epilepsia Open 2021; 6:672-684. [PMID: 34351710 PMCID: PMC8633469 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Standardized investigation of epileptic seizures and the postictal state may contribute to a better understanding of ictal and postictal phenomena. This comparative case study aims to assess whether electrically induced seizures in electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) show sufficient similarities with spontaneous seizures to serve as a human epilepsy model. METHODS We compared six EEG recordings, three ECT-induced seizures and three generalized tonic-clonic seizures, using quantitative electroencephalography (EEG) analyses. EEG recordings during and after ECT sessions (under general anesthesia and muscle paralysis) were collected prospectively, whereas epilepsy data were selected retrospectively. Time-frequency representations, dominant ictal frequencies, and postictal alpha-delta ratios were calculated. RESULTS In all EEG recordings, a decrease in dominant ictal frequency was observed, as well as postictal suppression. Postictal alpha-delta ratio indicated the same trend for all: a gradual increase from predominantly delta to alpha frequencies on timescales of hours after the seizure. Postictal spectral representation was similar. Muscle artifacts were absent in ECT-induced seizures and present in spontaneous seizures. Ictal amplitude was higher in epileptic than in ECT-induced seizures. Temporospectral ictal dynamics varied slightly between groups. SIGNIFICANCE We show that ictal and postictal characteristics in ECT and patients with generalized tonic-clonic seizures are essentially similar. ECT-induced seizures may be used to investigate aspects of ictal and postictal states in a highly predictable manner and well-controlled environment. This suggests that clinical and electrophysiological observations during ECT may be extrapolated to epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C. M. Pottkämper
- Clinical NeurophysiologyTechnical Medical CentreFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of TwenteEnschedeThe Netherlands
- Department of PsychiatryRijnstate HospitalArnhemThe Netherlands
- Department of NeurologyRijnstate HospitalArnhemThe Netherlands
| | - Joey P. A. J. Verdijk
- Clinical NeurophysiologyTechnical Medical CentreFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of TwenteEnschedeThe Netherlands
- Department of PsychiatryRijnstate HospitalArnhemThe Netherlands
| | - Jeannette Hofmeijer
- Clinical NeurophysiologyTechnical Medical CentreFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of TwenteEnschedeThe Netherlands
- Department of NeurologyRijnstate HospitalArnhemThe Netherlands
| | | | - Michel J. A. M. van Putten
- Clinical NeurophysiologyTechnical Medical CentreFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of TwenteEnschedeThe Netherlands
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Vascular Imaging in Small Animals Using Clinical Ultrasound Scanners. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 34591309 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1708-3_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Conventional ultrasound with frequency (2-15 MHz) has been a global diagnostic and therapeutic tool in clinical medicine, and high-frequency ultrasound (>30 MHz) has been a powerful investigative device for preclinical studies such as cardiovascular research. In this chapter, we describe the use of conventional ultrasound with a 2.5-10 MHz transducer as an investigative device for the measurement/detection of blood flow in rabbit model. The chapter will describe the procedures for the preparation of sonographer, imaging locations, and the details of the rabbits used as well as detailed imaging steps for the preoperative, immediately after operation, and postoperative follow-up ultrasound for vascular surgery, using a vascular graft implantation as an example. We also provide useful notes to avoid pitfalls for successful imaging. The overall goal of this chapter is to deliver the steps in using low-cost, non-invasive, and highly versatile clinical ultrasound imaging in preclinical small animal testing.
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Alfonsetti M, Castelli V, d’Angelo M, Benedetti E, Allegretti M, Barboni B, Cimini A. Looking for In Vitro Models for Retinal Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10334. [PMID: 34638674 PMCID: PMC8508697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Retina is a layered structure of the eye, composed of different cellular components working together to produce a complex visual output. Because of its important role in visual function, retinal pathologies commonly represent the main causes of visual injury and blindness in the industrialized world. It is important to develop in vitro models of retinal diseases to use them in first screenings before translating in in vivo experiments and clinics. For this reason, it is important to develop bidimensional (2D) models that are more suitable for drug screening and toxicological studies and tridimensional (3D) models, which can replicate physiological conditions, for investigating pathological mechanisms leading to visual loss. This review provides an overview of the most common retinal diseases, relating to in vivo models, with a specific focus on alternative 2D and 3D in vitro models that can replicate the different cellular and matrix components of retinal layers, as well as injury insults that induce retinal disease and loss of the visual function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Alfonsetti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.A.); (V.C.); (M.d.); (E.B.)
| | - Vanessa Castelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.A.); (V.C.); (M.d.); (E.B.)
| | - Michele d’Angelo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.A.); (V.C.); (M.d.); (E.B.)
| | - Elisabetta Benedetti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.A.); (V.C.); (M.d.); (E.B.)
| | | | - Barbara Barboni
- Faculty of Biosciences and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Annamaria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.A.); (V.C.); (M.d.); (E.B.)
- Department of Biology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
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Ferrari E, Rasponi M. Liver-Heart on chip models for drug safety. APL Bioeng 2021; 5:031505. [PMID: 34286172 PMCID: PMC8282347 DOI: 10.1063/5.0048986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Current pre-clinical models to evaluate drug safety during the drug development process (DDP) mainly rely on traditional two-dimensional cell cultures, considered too simplistic and often ineffective, or animal experimentations, which are costly, time-consuming, and not truly representative of human responses. Their clinical translation thus remains limited, eventually causing attrition and leading to high rates of failure during clinical trials. These drawbacks can be overcome by the recently developed Organs-on-Chip (OoC) technology. OoC are sophisticated in vitro systems capable of recapitulating pivotal architecture and functionalities of human organs. OoC are receiving increasing attention from the stakeholders of the DDP, particularly concerning drug screening and safety applications. When a drug is administered in the human body, it is metabolized by the liver and the resulting compound may cause unpredicted toxicity on off-target organs such as the heart. In this sense, several liver and heart models have been widely adopted to assess the toxicity of new or recalled drugs. Recent advances in OoC technology are making available platforms encompassing multiple organs fluidically connected to efficiently assess and predict the systemic effects of compounds. Such Multi-Organs-on-Chip (MOoC) platforms represent a disruptive solution to study drug-related effects, which results particularly useful to predict liver metabolism on off-target organs to ultimately improve drug safety testing in the pre-clinical phases of the DDP. In this review, we focus on recently developed liver and heart on chip systems for drug toxicity testing. In addition, MOoC platforms encompassing connected liver and heart tissues have been further reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Ferrari
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Rasponi
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
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