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Zhuo L, Pang K, Dai J, Wu B, Wang J, Xu H, Yang S, Liu Z, Niu R, Yu P, Wang W. The neurophysiological mechanisms of medial prefrontal-perirhinal cortex circuit mediating temporal order memory decline in early stage of AD rats. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 199:106584. [PMID: 38945496 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The temporal component of episodic memory has been recognized as a sensitive behavioral marker in early stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. However, parallel studies in AD animals are currently lacking, and the underlying neural circuit mechanisms remain poorly understood. Using a novel AppNL-G-F knock-in (APP-KI) rat model, the developmental changes of temporal order memory (TOM) and the relationship with medial prefrontal cortex and perirhinal cortex (mPFC-PRH) circuit were determined through in vivo electrophysiology and microimaging technique. We observed a deficit in TOM performance during the object temporal order memory task (OTOMT) in APP-KI rats at 6 month old, which was not evident at 3 or 4 months of age. Alongside behavioral changes, we identified a gradually extensive and aggravated regional activation and functional alterations in the mPFC and PRH during the performance of OTOMT, which occurred prior to the onset of TOM deficits. Moreover, coherence analysis showed that the functional connectivity between the mPFC and PRH could predict the extent of future behavioral performance. Further analysis revealed that the aberrant mPFC-PRH interaction mainly attributed to the progressive deterioration of synaptic transmission, information flow and network coordination from mPFC to PRH, suggesting the mPFC dysfunction maybe the key area of origin underlying the early changes of TOM. These findings identify a pivotal role of the mPFC-PRH circuit in mediating the TOM deficits in the early stage of AD, which holds promising clinical translational value and offers potential early biological markers for predicting AD memory progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linan Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Keliang Pang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Aging and Longevity Institute & Institute of Biological Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiajie Dai
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jiesi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shuming Yang
- Division of Clinical Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510062, China
| | - Ziao Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Rongrong Niu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Weiwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Ye S, Roccati E, Wang W, Zhu Z, Kiburg K, Huang Y, Zhang X, Zhang X, Liu J, Tang S, Hu Y, Ge Z, Yu H, He M, Shang X. Leading determinants of incident dementia among individuals with and without the apolipoprotein E ε4 genotype: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Neurol 2024; 24:71. [PMID: 38378514 PMCID: PMC10877929 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-024-03557-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known regarding the leading risk factors for dementia/Alzheimer's disease (AD) in individuals with and without APOE4. The identification of key risk factors for dementia/Alzheimer's disease (AD) in individuals with and without the APOE4 gene is of significant importance in global health. METHODS Our analysis included 110,354 APOE4 carriers and 220,708 age- and sex-matched controls aged 40-73 years at baseline (between 2006-2010) from UK Biobank. Incident dementia was ascertained using hospital inpatient, or death records until January 2021. Individuals of non-European ancestry were excluded. Furthermore, individuals without medical record linkage were excluded from the analysis. Moderation analysis was tested for 134 individual factors. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 11.9 years, 4,764 cases of incident all-cause dementia and 2065 incident AD cases were documented. Hazard ratios (95% CIs) for all-cause dementia and AD associated with APOE4 were 2.70(2.55-2.85) and 3.72(3.40-4.07), respectively. In APOE4 carriers, the leading risk factors for all-cause dementia included low self-rated overall health, low household income, high multimorbidity risk score, long-term illness, high neutrophil percentage, and high nitrogen dioxide air pollution. In non-APOE4 carriers, the leading risk factors included high multimorbidity risk score, low overall self-rated health, low household income, long-term illness, high microalbumin in urine, high neutrophil count, and low greenspace percentage. Population attributable risk for these individual risk factors combined was 65.1%, and 85.8% in APOE4 and non-APOE4 carriers, respectively. For 20 risk factors including multimorbidity risk score, unhealthy lifestyle habits, and particulate matter air pollutants, their associations with incident dementia were stronger in non-APOE4 carriers. For only 2 risk factors (mother's history of dementia, low C-reactive protein), their associations with incident all-cause dementia were stronger in APOE4 carriers. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence for personalized preventative approaches to dementia/AD in APOE4 and non-APOE4 carriers. A mother's history of dementia and low levels of C-reactive protein were more important risk factors of dementia in APOE4 carriers whereas leading risk factors including unhealthy lifestyle habits, multimorbidity risk score, inflammation and immune-related markers were more predictive of dementia in non-APOE4 carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siting Ye
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Eddy Roccati
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zhuoting Zhu
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia
| | - Katerina Kiburg
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia
| | - Yu Huang
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xueli Zhang
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiayin Zhang
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jiahao Liu
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia
| | - Shulin Tang
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yijun Hu
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zongyuan Ge
- Monash e-Research Center, Faculty of Engineering, Airdoc Research, Nvidia AI Technology Research Center, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Honghua Yu
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Mingguang He
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia.
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Xianwen Shang
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia.
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia.
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Ramos AA, Galiano-Castillo N, Machado L. Cognitive Functioning of Unaffected First-degree Relatives of Individuals With Late-onset Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis. Neuropsychol Rev 2023; 33:659-674. [PMID: 36057684 PMCID: PMC10770217 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-022-09555-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
First-degree relatives of individuals with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) are at increased risk for developing dementia, yet the associations between family history of LOAD and cognitive dysfunction remain unclear. In this quantitative review, we provide the first meta-analysis on the cognitive profile of unaffected first-degree blood relatives of LOAD-affected individuals compared to controls without a family history of LOAD. A systematic literature search was conducted in PsycINFO, PubMed /MEDLINE, and Scopus. We fitted a three-level structural equation modeling meta-analysis to control for non-independent effect sizes. Heterogeneity and risk of publication bias were also investigated. Thirty-four studies enabled us to estimate 218 effect sizes across several cognitive domains. Overall, first-degree relatives (n = 4,086, mean age = 57.40, SD = 4.71) showed significantly inferior cognitive performance (Hedges' g = -0.16; 95% CI, -0.25 to -0.08; p < .001) compared to controls (n = 2,388, mean age = 58.43, SD = 5.69). Specifically, controls outperformed first-degree relatives in language, visuospatial and verbal long-term memory, executive functions, verbal short-term memory, and verbal IQ. Among the first-degree relatives, APOE ɛ4 carriership was associated with more significant dysfunction in cognition (g = -0.24; 95% CI, -0.38 to -0.11; p < .001) compared to non-carriers (g = -0.14; 95% CI, -0.28 to -0.01; p = .04). Cognitive test type was significantly associated with between-group differences, accounting for 65% (R23 = .6499) of the effect size heterogeneity in the fitted regression model. No evidence of publication bias was found. The current findings provide support for mild but robust cognitive dysfunction in first-degree relatives of LOAD-affected individuals that appears to be moderated by cognitive domain, cognitive test type, and APOE ɛ4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Alex Ramos
- Department of Psychology and Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
- Brain Research New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand.
- Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Rua Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Curitiba, CEP 80.215-901, Brazil.
| | - Noelia Galiano-Castillo
- Department of Physical Therapy, Health Sciences Faculty, "Cuidate" from Biomedical Group (BIO277), Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), and Sport and Health Research Center (IMUDs), Granada, Spain, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Liana Machado
- Department of Psychology and Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
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Samson AD, Rajagopal S, Pasvanis S, Villeneuve S, McIntosh AR, Rajah MN. Sex differences in longitudinal changes of episodic memory-related brain activity and cognition in cognitively unimpaired older adults with a family history of Alzheimer's disease. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 40:103532. [PMID: 37931333 PMCID: PMC10652211 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Episodic memory decline is an early symptom of Alzheimer's disease (AD) - a neurodegenerative disease that has a higher prevalence rate in older females compared to older males. However, little is known about why these sex differences in prevalence rate exist. In the current longitudinal task fMRI study, we explored whether there were sex differences in the patterns of memory decline and brain activity during object-location (spatial context) encoding and retrieval in a large sample of cognitively unimpaired older adults from the Pre-symptomatic Evaluation of Novel or Experimental Treatments for Alzheimer's Disease (PREVENT-AD) program who are at heightened risk of developing AD due to having a family history (+FH) of the disease. The goal of the study was to gain insight into whether there are sex differences in the neural correlates of episodic memory decline, which may advance knowledge about sex-specific patterns in the natural progression to AD. Our results indicate that +FH females performed better than +FH males at both baseline and follow-up on neuropsychological and task fMRI measures of episodic memory. Moreover, multivariate data-driven task fMRI analysis identified generalized patterns of longitudinal decline in medial temporal lobe activity that was paralleled by longitudinal increases in lateral prefrontal cortex, caudate and midline cortical activity during successful episodic retrieval and novelty detection in +FH males, but not females. Post-hoc analyses indicated that higher education had a stronger effect on +FH females neuropsychological scores compared to +FH males. We conclude that higher educational attainment may have a greater neuroprotective effect in older +FH females compared to +FH males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria D Samson
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario M6A 2E1, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G3, Canada
| | - Sricharana Rajagopal
- Centre for Cerebral Imaging, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Stamatoula Pasvanis
- Centre for Cerebral Imaging, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Sylvia Villeneuve
- Centre for Studies on the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease (StoP-AD), Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Anthony R McIntosh
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario M6A 2E1, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G3, Canada; Institute for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada; Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - M Natasha Rajah
- Centre for Cerebral Imaging, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada; Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada.
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Sin MK, Cheng Y, Roseman JM, Latimer C, Ahmed A, Zamrini E. Characteristics and Predictors of Alzheimer's Disease Resilience Phenotype. J Clin Med 2023; 12:2463. [PMID: 37048547 PMCID: PMC10094896 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12072463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by cognitive impairment in the presence of cerebral amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Less is known about the characteristics and predictors of resilience to cognitive impairment in the presence of neuropathological evidence of AD, the focus of this study. Of 3170 adults age ≥65 years in the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) brain autopsy cohort, 1373 had evidence of CERAD level moderate to frequent neuritic plaque density and Braak stage V-VI neurofibrillary tangles. Resilience was defined by CDR-SOB and CDR-Global scores of 0-2.5 and 0-0.5, respectively, and non-resilience, CDR-SOB and CDR-Global scores >2.5 and >0.5, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the independent associations of patient characteristics with resilience. There were 62 participants (4.8%) with resilience. Those with resilience were older (mean age, 88.3 vs. 82.4 years), more likely to be women (61.3% vs. 47.3%) and had a lower prevalence of the APOE-e4 carrier (41.9% vs. 56.2%). They also had a higher prevalence of hypertension, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, diuretic use, beta-blocker use, and APOE-e2 carrier status. Greater age at death, diuretic use, and APOE-e2 were the only characteristics independently associated with higher odds of the AD resilience phenotype (adjusted OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.05-1.13; p < 0.01; 2.00 (1.04-3.87), p = 0.04, 2.71 (1.31-5.64), p < 0.01, respectively). The phenotype of resilience to cognitive impairment is uncommon in older adults who have neuropathological evidence of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo-Kyung Sin
- College of Nursing, Seattle University, Seattle, WA 98122-1090, USA
| | - Yan Cheng
- The School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Roseman
- School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Caitlin Latimer
- Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Ali Ahmed
- The School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
- VA Medical Center, Washington, DC 20242, USA
- Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Edward Zamrini
- The School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
- VA Medical Center, Washington, DC 20242, USA
- Irvine Clinical Research, Irvine, CA 92614, USA
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Fernandez-Alvarez M, Atienza M, Cantero JL. Effects of non-modifiable risk factors of Alzheimer's disease on intracortical myelin content. Alzheimers Res Ther 2022; 14:202. [PMID: 36587227 PMCID: PMC9805254 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-022-01152-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-modifiable risk factors of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have lifelong effects on cortical integrity that could be mitigated if identified at early stages. However, it remains unknown whether cortical microstructure is affected in older individuals with non-modifiable AD risk factors and whether altered cortical tissue integrity produces abnormalities in brain functional networks in this AD-risk population. METHODS Using relative T1w/T2w (rT1w/T2w) ratio maps, we have compared tissue integrity of normal-appearing cortical GM between controls and cognitively normal older adults with either APOE4 (N = 50), with a first-degree family history (FH) of AD (N = 52), or with the co-occurrence of both AD risk factors (APOE4+FH) (N = 35). Additionally, individuals with only one risk factor (APOE4 or FH) were combined into one group (N = 102) and compared with controls. The same number of controls matched in age, sex, and years of education was employed for each of these comparisons. Group differences in resting state functional connectivity (rs-FC) patterns were also investigated, using as FC seeds those cortical regions showing significant changes in rT1w/T2w ratios. RESULTS Overall, individuals with non-modifiable AD risk factors exhibited significant variations in rT1w/T2w ratios compared to controls, being APOE4 and APOE4+FH at opposite ends of a continuum. The co-occurrence of APOE4 and FH was further accompanied by altered patterns of rs-FC. CONCLUSIONS These findings may have practical implications for early detection of cortical abnormalities in older populations with APOE4 and/or FH of AD and open new avenues to monitor changes in cortical tissue integrity associated with non-modifiable AD risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Fernandez-Alvarez
- grid.15449.3d0000 0001 2200 2355Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Pablo de Olavide University, Ctra. de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain ,grid.418264.d0000 0004 1762 4012CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Atienza
- grid.15449.3d0000 0001 2200 2355Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Pablo de Olavide University, Ctra. de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain ,grid.418264.d0000 0004 1762 4012CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose L. Cantero
- grid.15449.3d0000 0001 2200 2355Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Pablo de Olavide University, Ctra. de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain ,grid.418264.d0000 0004 1762 4012CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Madrid, Spain
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Lissaman R, Lancaster TM, Parker GD, Graham KS, Lawrence AD, Hodgetts CJ. Tract-specific differences in white matter microstructure between young adult APOE ε4 carriers and non-carriers: A replication and extension study. NEUROIMAGE. REPORTS 2022; 2:None. [PMID: 36507069 PMCID: PMC9726682 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynirp.2022.100126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The parahippocampal cingulum bundle (PHCB) interconnects regions known to be vulnerable to early Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, including posteromedial cortex and medial temporal lobe. While AD-related pathology has been robustly associated with alterations in PHCB microstructure, specifically lower fractional anisotropy (FA) and higher mean diffusivity (MD), emerging evidence indicates that the reverse pattern is evident in younger adults at increased risk of AD. In one such study, Hodgetts et al. (2019) reported that healthy young adult carriers of the apolipoprotein-E (APOE) ε4 allele - the strongest common genetic risk factor for AD - showed higher FA and lower MD in the PHCB but not the inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF). These results are consistent with proposals claiming that heightened neural activity and intrinsic connectivity play a significant role in increasing posteromedial cortex vulnerability to amyloid-β and tau spread beyond the medial temporal lobe. Given the implications for understanding AD risk, here we sought to replicate Hodgetts et al.'s finding in a larger sample (N = 128; 40 APOE ε4 carriers, 88 APOE ε4 non-carriers) of young adults (age range = 19-33). Extending this work, we also conducted an exploratory analysis using a more advanced measure of white matter microstructure: hindrance modulated orientational anisotropy (HMOA). Contrary to the original study, we did not observe higher FA or lower MD in the PHCB of APOE ε4 carriers relative to non-carriers. Bayes factors (BFs) further revealed moderate-to-strong evidence in support of these null findings. In addition, we observed no APOE ε4-related differences in PHCB HMOA. Our findings indicate that young adult APOE ε4 carriers and non-carriers do not differ in PHCB microstructure, casting some doubt on the notion that early-life variation in PHCB tract microstructure might enhance vulnerability to amyloid-β accumulation and/or tau spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikki Lissaman
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
- Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thomas M. Lancaster
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
- School of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, England, United Kingdom
| | - Greg D. Parker
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Kim S. Graham
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D. Lawrence
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Carl J. Hodgetts
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, England, United Kingdom
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8
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Wang M, Ren Q, Shi Y, Shu H, Liu D, Gu L, Xie C, Zhang Z, Wu T, Wang Z. The effect of Alzheimer's disease risk factors on brain aging in normal Chineses: Cognitive aging and cognitive reserve. Neurosci Lett 2021; 771:136398. [PMID: 34923042 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aging has been recognized as a major driving force of the Alzheimer's disease's (AD) progression, however, the relationship between brain aging and AD is still unclear. There is also a lack of studies investigating the influence of AD risk factors on brain aging in cognitively normal people. Here, the "Brain Age Gap Estimation" (BrainAGE) framework was applied to investigate the effects of AD risk factors on individual brain aging. Across a total of 165 cognitively normal elderly subjects, although no significant difference was observed in the BrainAGE scores among the three groups, AD risk dose (i.e., the number of AD risk factors) is tend to associated with an increased BrainAGE scores (high-risk > middle risk > low risk). Female exhibited more advanced brain aging (P = 0.004), and higher education years were associated with preserved brain aging (P < 0.001). APOE-ɛ4 (P = 0.846) and family history (FH) of dementia (P = 0.209) did not increase BrainAGE scores. When comparing 52 aMCI patients with 38 cognitively normal controls from ADNI dataset, aMCI patients showed significantly increased BrainAGE scores. BrainAGE scores were negatively correlated with CSF Aβ42 levels in the aMCI group (r = -0.275, P = 0.048). With an accuracy of 68.9%, BrainAGE outperformed APOE-ɛ4 and hippocampus gray matter volume (GMV) in predicting aMCI. In conclusion, AD is independently associated with structural changes in the brain that reflect advanced aging. Potentially, BrainAGE combined with APOE-ɛ4 and hippocampus GMV could be used as a pre-screening tool in early-stage AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxue Wang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qingguo Ren
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yachen Shi
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hao Shu
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Duan Liu
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lihua Gu
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chunming Xie
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tiange Wu
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zan Wang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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9
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Forno G, Lladó A, Hornberger M. Going round in circles-The Papez circuit in Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:7668-7687. [PMID: 34656073 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus is regarded as the pivotal structure for episodic memory symptoms associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology. However, what is often overlooked is that the hippocampus is 'only' one part of a network of memory critical regions, the Papez circuit. Other Papez circuit regions are often regarded as less relevant for AD as they are thought to sit 'downstream' of the hippocampus. However, this notion is oversimplistic, and increasing evidence suggests that other Papez regions might be affected before or concurrently with the hippocampus. In addition, AD research has mostly focused on episodic memory deficits, whereas spatial navigation processes are also subserved by the Papez circuit with increasing evidence supporting its valuable potential as a diagnostic measure of incipient AD pathophysiology. In the current review, we take a step forward analysing recent evidence on the structural and functional integrity of the Papez circuit across AD disease stages. Specifically, we will review the integrity of specific Papez regions from at-genetic-risk (APOE4 carriers), to mild cognitive impairment (MCI), to dementia stage of sporadic AD and autosomal dominant AD (ADAD). We related those changes to episodic memory and spatial navigation/orientation deficits in AD. Finally, we provide an overview of how the Papez circuit is affected in AD diseases and their specific symptomology contributions. This overview strengthened the need for moving away from a hippocampal-centric view to a network approach on how the whole Papez circuit is affected in AD and contributes to its symptomology, informing future research and clinical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Forno
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,School of Psychology, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Neuropsychology and Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory (LANNEC), Physiopathology Department, ICBM, Neurosciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Albert Lladó
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Kim J, Kim H, Jeong H, Roh D, Kim DH. tACS as a promising therapeutic option for improving cognitive function in mild cognitive impairment: A direct comparison between tACS and tDCS. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 141:248-256. [PMID: 34256276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuromodulation has gained attention as a potential non-pharmacological intervention for mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, no studies have directly compared the effects of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on MCI patients. We aimed to identify the more promising and efficient therapeutic option between tACS and tDCS for cognitive enhancement in MCI patients. We compared the effects of gamma-tACS with tDCS on cognitive function and electroencephalography (EEG) in MCI patients. In this sham-controlled, double-blinded, repeated-measures study with the order of the stimulation counterbalanced across patients (n = 20), both gamma-tACS (40 H z) and tDCS were administered at the same intensity (2 mA) in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for 30 min. Cognitive tests (Stroop and Trail-Making-Test [TMT]) and EEG were performed before and after single-session stimulation. Gamma-tACS improved the Stroop-color in comparison with tDCS (p = .044) and sham (p = .010) and enhanced the TMT-B in comparison with sham (p = .021). However, tDCS was not significantly different from sham in changes of any cognitive test scores. In EEG analysis, gamma-tACS increased beta activity in comparison with sham and tDCS, whereas tDCS decreased delta and theta activity in comparison with sham. Gamma-tACS also increased beta 2 source activity in the anterior cingulate, compared to sham. The cognitive benefits of tACS in MCI patients appeared superior to those of tDCS. tACS facilitated cognitive function by increasing beta activity, while tDCS delayed the progression of MCI symptoms by decreasing slow-frequency activity. Thus, tACS could be used as a new therapeutic option for MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiheon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea; Mind-Neuromodulation Laboratory, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansol Kim
- Mind-Neuromodulation Laboratory, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Jeong
- Mind-Neuromodulation Laboratory, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeyoung Roh
- Department of Psychiatry, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea; Mind-Neuromodulation Laboratory, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hoon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea; Mind-Neuromodulation Laboratory, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measurement of Entorhinal Cortex in the Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11091129. [PMID: 34573151 PMCID: PMC8471837 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11091129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Several magnetic resonance imaging studies have shown that the entorhinal cortex (ERC) is the first brain area related to pathologic changes in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), even before atrophy of the hippocampus (HP). However, change in ERC morphology (thickness, surface area and volume) in the progression from aMCI to AD, especially in the subtypes of aMCI (single-domain and multiple-domain: aMCI-s and aMCI-m), however, is still unclear. ERC thickness, surface area and volume were measured in 29 people with aMCI-s, 22 people with aMCI-m, 18 patients with AD and 26 age-/sex-matched healthy controls. Group comparisons of the ERC geometry measurements (including thickness, volume and surface area) were performed using analyses of covariance (ANCOVA). Furthermore, receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analyses and the area under the curve (AUC) were employed to investigate classification ability (HC, aMCI-s, aMCI-m and AD from each other). There was a significant decreasing tendency in ERC thickness from HC to aMCI-s to aMCI-m to finally AD in both the left and the right hemispheres (left hemisphere: HC > aMCI-s > AD; right hemisphere: aMCI-s > aMCI-m > AD). For ERC volume, both the AD group and the aMCI-m group showed significantly decreased volume on both sides compared with the HC group. In addition, the AD group also had significantly decreased volume on both sides compared with the aMCI-s group. As for the ERC surface area, no significant difference was identified among the four groups. Furthermore, the AUC results demonstrate that combined ERC parameters (thickness and volume) can better discriminate the four groups from each other than ERC thickness alone. Finally, and most importantly, relative to HP volume, the capacity of combined ERC parameters was better at discriminating between HC and aMCI-s, as well as aMCI-m and AD. ERC atrophy, particularly the combination of ERC thickness and volume, might be regarded as a promising candidate biomarker in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of aMCI and AD.
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Kucikova L, Goerdten J, Dounavi ME, Mak E, Su L, Waldman AD, Danso S, Muniz-Terrera G, Ritchie CW. Resting-state brain connectivity in healthy young and middle-aged adults at risk of progressive Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 129:142-153. [PMID: 34310975 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Functional brain connectivity of the resting-state networks has gained recent attention as a possible biomarker of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). In this paper, we review the literature of functional connectivity differences in young adults and middle-aged cognitively intact individuals with non-modifiable risk factors of AD (n = 17). We focus on three main intrinsic resting-state networks: The Default Mode network, Executive network, and the Salience network. Overall, the evidence from the literature indicated early vulnerability of functional connectivity across different at-risk groups, particularly in the Default Mode Network. While there was little consensus on the interpretation on directionality, the topography of the findings showed frequent overlap across studies, especially in regions that are characteristic of AD (i.e., precuneus, posterior cingulate cortex, and medial prefrontal cortex areas). We conclude that while resting-state functional connectivity markers have great potential to identify at-risk individuals, implementing more data-driven approaches, further longitudinal and cross-validation studies, and the analysis of greater sample sizes are likely to be necessary to fully establish the effectivity and utility of resting-state network-based analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Kucikova
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention and Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | - Jantje Goerdten
- Department of Epidemiological Methods and Etiological Research, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Maria-Eleni Dounavi
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Elijah Mak
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Li Su
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Adam D Waldman
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention and Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Danso
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention and Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Graciela Muniz-Terrera
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention and Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Craig W Ritchie
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention and Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Rabipour S, Rajagopal S, Pasvanis S, Rajah MN. Generalization of memory-related brain function in asymptomatic older women with a family history of late onset Alzheimer's Disease: Results from the PREVENT-AD Cohort. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 104:42-56. [PMID: 33964608 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) disproportionately affects women compared to men. Episodic memory decline is one of the earliest and most pronounced deficits observed in AD. However, it remains unclear whether sex influences episodic memory-related brain function in cognitively intact older adults at risk of developing AD. Here we used task-based multivariate partial least squares analysis to examine sex differences in episodic memory-related brain activity and brain activity-behavior correlations in a matched sample of cognitively intact older women and men with a family history of AD from the PREVENT-AD cohort study in Montreal, Canada (Mage=63.03±3.78; Meducation=15.41±3.40). We observed sex differences in task-related brain activity and brain activity-behavior correlations during the encoding of object-location associative memories and object-only item memory, and the retrieval of object only item memories. Our findings suggest a generalization of episodic memory-related brain activation and performance in women compared to men. Follow up analyses should test for sex differences in the relationship between brain activity patterns and performance longitudinally, in association with risk factors for AD development. This article is part of the Virtual Special Issue titled COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE OF HEALTHY AND PATHOLOGICAL AGING. The full issue can be found on ScienceDirect at https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/neurobiology-of-aging/special-issue/105379XPWJP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheida Rabipour
- Centre for Cerebral Imaging, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Stamatoula Pasvanis
- Centre for Cerebral Imaging, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - M Natasha Rajah
- Centre for Cerebral Imaging, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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14
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Subramaniapillai S, Rajagopal S, Snytte J, Otto AR, Einstein G, Rajah MN. Sex differences in brain aging among adults with family history of Alzheimer's disease and APOE4 genetic risk. Neuroimage Clin 2021; 30:102620. [PMID: 33857772 PMCID: PMC8065341 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that Alzheimer's Disease (AD) risk factors may differentially contribute to disease trajectory in women than men. Determining the effect of AD risk factors on brain aging in women, compared to men, is critical for understanding whether there are sex differences in the pathways towards AD in cognitively intact but at-risk adults. Brain Age Gap (BAG) is a concept used increasingly as a measure of brain health; BAG is defined as the difference between predicted age (based on structural MRI) and chronological age, with negative values reflecting preserved brain health with age. Using BAG, we investigated whether there were sex differences in the brain effects of AD risk factors (i.e., family history of AD, and carrying an apolipoprotein E ε4 allele [+APOE4]) in cognitively intact adults, and if this relationship was moderated by modifiable factors (i.e. body mass index [BMI], blood pressure and physical activity). We undertook a cross-sectional study of structural MRIs from 1067 cognitively normal adults across four neuroimaging datasets. An elastic net regression model found that women with a family history of AD and +APOE4 genotype had more advanced brain aging than their male counterparts. In a sub-cohort of women with those risk factors, higher BMI was associated with less brain aging whereas lower BMI was not. In a sub-cohort of women and men with +APOE4, engaging in physical activity was more beneficial to men's brain aging than women's. Our results demonstrate that AD risk factors are associated with greater brain aging in women than men, although there may be more unexplored modifiable factors that influence this relationship. These findings suggest that the complex interplay between unmodifiable and modifiable AD risk factors can potentially protect against brain aging in women and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivaniya Subramaniapillai
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 Avenue McGill College, Montréal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada; Brain Imaging Centre, Douglas Institute Research Centre, 6875 LaSalle Blvd Verdun, Montréal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada.
| | - Sricharana Rajagopal
- Brain Imaging Centre, Douglas Institute Research Centre, 6875 LaSalle Blvd Verdun, Montréal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Jamie Snytte
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 Avenue McGill College, Montréal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada; Brain Imaging Centre, Douglas Institute Research Centre, 6875 LaSalle Blvd Verdun, Montréal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - A Ross Otto
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 Avenue McGill College, Montréal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Gillian Einstein
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada; Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Hospital, 3560 Bathurst St, Toronto, ON M6A 2E1, Canada; Tema Genus, Linköping University, TEMA-huset, Entrance 37, Room E433, Campus Valla, Linköping, Sweden
| | - M Natasha Rajah
- Brain Imaging Centre, Douglas Institute Research Centre, 6875 LaSalle Blvd Verdun, Montréal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 1033 Avenue des Pins, Montréal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada.
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Genetic Alzheimer’s Disease Risk Affects the Neural Mechanisms of Pattern Separation in Hippocampal Subfields. Curr Biol 2020; 30:4201-4212.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Goldthorpe RA, Rapley JM, Violante IR. A Systematic Review of Non-invasive Brain Stimulation Applications to Memory in Healthy Aging. Front Neurol 2020; 11:575075. [PMID: 33193023 PMCID: PMC7604325 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.575075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It has long been acknowledged that memory changes over the course of one's life, irrespective of diseases like dementia. Approaches to mitigate these changes have however yielded mixed results. Brain stimulation has been identified as one novel approach of augmenting older adult's memory. Thus far, such approaches have however been nuanced, targeting different memory domains with different methodologies. This has produced an amalgam of research with an unclear image overall. This systematic review therefore aims to clarify this landscape, evaluating, and interpreting available research findings in a coherent manner. A systematic search of relevant literature was conducted across Medline, PsycInfo, Psycarticles and the Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, which uncovered 44 studies employing non-invasive electrical brain stimulation in healthy older adults. All studies were of generally good quality spanning numerous memory domains. Within these, evidence was found for non-invasive brain stimulation augmenting working, episodic, associative, semantic, and procedural memory, with the first three domains having the greatest evidence base. Key sites for stimulation included the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), temporoparietal region, and primary motor cortex, with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) holding the greatest literature base. Inconsistencies within the literature are highlighted and interpreted, however this discussion was constrained by potential confounding variables within the literature, a risk of bias, and challenges defining research aims and results. Non-invasive brain stimulation often did however have a positive and predictable impact on older adult's memory, and thus warrants further research to better understand these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ines R. Violante
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
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17
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Impaired Parahippocampal Gyrus-Orbitofrontal Cortex Circuit Associated with Visuospatial Memory Deficit as a Potential Biomarker and Interventional Approach for Alzheimer Disease. Neurosci Bull 2020; 36:831-844. [PMID: 32350798 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-020-00498-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The parahippocampal gyrus-orbitofrontal cortex (PHG-OFC) circuit in humans is homologous to the postrhinal cortex (POR)-ventral lateral orbitofrontal cortex (vlOFC) circuit in rodents. Both are associated with visuospatial malfunctions in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In this study, we explored the relationship between an impaired POR-vlOFC circuit and visuospatial memory deficits through retrograde tracing and in vivo local field potential recordings in 5XFAD mice, and investigated alterations of the PHG-OFC circuit by multi-domain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients on the AD spectrum. We demonstrated that an impaired glutamatergic POR-vlOFC circuit resulted in deficient visuospatial memory in 5XFAD mice. Moreover, MRI measurements of the PHG-OFC circuit had an accuracy of 77.33% for the classification of amnestic mild cognitive impairment converters versus non-converters. Thus, the PHG-OFC circuit explains the neuroanatomical basis of visuospatial memory deficits in AD, thereby providing a potential predictor for AD progression and a promising interventional approach for AD.
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Rabipour S, Rajagopal S, Yu E, Pasvanis S, Lafaille-Magnan ME, Breitner J, Rajah MN. APOE4 Status is Related to Differences in Memory-Related Brain Function in Asymptomatic Older Adults with Family History of Alzheimer's Disease: Baseline Analysis of the PREVENT-AD Task Functional MRI Dataset. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 76:97-119. [PMID: 32474466 PMCID: PMC7369116 DOI: 10.3233/jad-191292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Episodic memory decline is one of the earliest symptoms of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Older adults with the apolipoprotein E ɛ4 (+APOE4) genetic risk factor for AD may exhibit altered patterns of memory-related brain activity years prior to initial symptom onset. OBJECTIVE Here we report the baseline episodic memory task functional MRI results from the PRe-symptomatic EValuation of Experimental or Novel Treatments for Alzheimer's Disease cohort in Montreal, Canada, in which 327 healthy older adults were scanned within 15 years of their parent's conversion to AD. METHODS Volunteers were scanned as they encoded and retrieved object-location spatial source associations. The task was designed to discriminate between brain activity related to spatial source recollection and object-only (recognition) memory. We used multivariate partial least squares (PLS) to test the hypothesis that +APOE4 adults with family history of AD would exhibit altered patterns of brain activity in the recollection-related memory network, comprised of medial frontal, parietal, and medial temporal cortices, compared to APOE4 non-carriers (-APOE4). We also examined group differences in the correlation between event-related brain activity and memory performance. RESULTS We found group similarities in memory performance and in task-related brain activity in the recollection network, but differences in brain activity-behavior correlations in ventral occipito-temporal, medial temporal, and medial prefrontal cortices during episodic encoding. CONCLUSION These findings are consistent with previous literature on the influence of APOE4 on brain activity and provide new perspective on potential gene-based differences in brain-behavior relationships in people with first-degree family history of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheida Rabipour
- Centre for Cerebral Imaging, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Elsa Yu
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Stamatoula Pasvanis
- Centre for Cerebral Imaging, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marie-Elyse Lafaille-Magnan
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Center for Studies on Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease, Montreal, Canada
- Lady Davis Center for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - John Breitner
- Centre for Cerebral Imaging, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Center for Studies on Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - M. Natasha Rajah
- Centre for Cerebral Imaging, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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19
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Spatial navigation deficits - overlooked cognitive marker for preclinical Alzheimer disease? Nat Rev Neurol 2019; 14:496-506. [PMID: 29980763 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-018-0031-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Detection of incipient Alzheimer disease (AD) pathophysiology is critical to identify preclinical individuals and target potentially disease-modifying therapies towards them. Current neuroimaging and biomarker research is strongly focused in this direction, with the aim of establishing AD fingerprints to identify individuals at high risk of developing this disease. By contrast, cognitive fingerprints for incipient AD are virtually non-existent as diagnostics and outcomes measures are still focused on episodic memory deficits as the gold standard for AD, despite their low sensitivity and specificity for identifying at-risk individuals. This Review highlights a novel feature of cognitive evaluation for incipient AD by focusing on spatial navigation and orientation deficits, which are increasingly shown to be present in at-risk individuals. Importantly, the navigation system in the brain overlaps substantially with the regions affected by AD in both animal models and humans. Notably, spatial navigation has fewer verbal, cultural and educational biases than current cognitive tests and could enable a more uniform, global approach towards cognitive fingerprints of AD and better cognitive treatment outcome measures in future multicentre trials. The current Review appraises the available evidence for spatial navigation and/or orientation deficits in preclinical, prodromal and confirmed AD and identifies research gaps and future research priorities.
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Toward personalized cognitive diagnostics of at-genetic-risk Alzheimer's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:9285-9292. [PMID: 31015296 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1901600116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial navigation is emerging as a critical factor in identifying preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the impact of interindividual navigation ability and demographic risk factors (e.g., APOE, age, and sex) on spatial navigation make it difficult to identify persons "at high risk" of AD in the preclinical stages. In the current study, we use spatial navigation big data (n = 27,108) from the Sea Hero Quest (SHQ) game to overcome these challenges by investigating whether big data can be used to benchmark a highly phenotyped healthy aging laboratory cohort into high- vs. low-risk persons based on their genetic (APOE) and demographic (sex, age, and educational attainment) risk factors. Our results replicate previous findings in APOE ε4 carriers, indicative of grid cell coding errors in the entorhinal cortex, the initial brain region affected by AD pathophysiology. We also show that although baseline navigation ability differs between men and women, sex does not interact with the APOE genotype to influence the manifestation of AD-related spatial disturbance. Most importantly, we demonstrate that such high-risk preclinical cases can be reliably distinguished from low-risk participants using big-data spatial navigation benchmarks. By contrast, participants were undistinguishable on neuropsychological episodic memory tests. Taken together, we present evidence to suggest that, in the future, SHQ normative benchmark data can be used to more accurately classify spatial impairments in at-high-risk of AD healthy participants at a more individual level, therefore providing the steppingstone for individualized diagnostics and outcome measures of cognitive symptoms in preclinical AD.
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21
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James T, Rajah MN, Duarte A. Multielement Episodic Encoding in Young and Older Adults. J Cogn Neurosci 2019; 31:837-854. [PMID: 30794059 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Previous research on age-related associative memory deficits has generally focused on memory for single associations. However, our real-world experiences contain a multitude of details that must be effectively integrated and encoded into coherent representations to facilitate subsequent retrieval of the event as a whole. How aging interferes with the processes necessary for multielement encoding is still unknown. We investigated this issue in the current fMRI study. While undergoing scanning, young and older adults were presented with an occupation and an object and were asked to judge how likely the two were to interact, either in general or within the context of a given scene. After scanning, participants completed recognition tasks for the occupation-object pairs and the sources/contexts with which the pairs were studied. Using multivariate behavioral partial least squares analyses, we identified a set of regions including anterior pFC and medial-temporal lobes whose activity was beneficial to subsequent memory for the pairs and sources in young adults but detrimental in older adults. An additional behavioral partial least squares analysis found that, although both groups recruited anterior pFC areas to support context memory performance, only in the young did this activity appear to reflect integration of the occupation, object, and scene features. This was also consistent with behavioral results, which found that young adults showed greater conditional dependence between pair and context memory compared with older adults. Together, these findings suggest that binding and/or retrieving multiple details as an integrated whole becomes increasingly difficult with age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Natasha Rajah
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada.,McGill University
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Cabeza R, Albert M, Belleville S, Craik FIM, Duarte A, Grady CL, Lindenberger U, Nyberg L, Park DC, Reuter-Lorenz PA, Rugg MD, Steffener J, Rajah MN. Maintenance, reserve and compensation: the cognitive neuroscience of healthy ageing. Nat Rev Neurosci 2018; 19:701-710. [PMID: 30305711 PMCID: PMC6472256 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-018-0068-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 573] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive ageing research examines the cognitive abilities that are preserved and/or those that decline with advanced age. There is great individual variability in cognitive ageing trajectories. Some older adults show little decline in cognitive ability compared with young adults and are thus termed 'optimally ageing'. By contrast, others exhibit substantial cognitive decline and may develop dementia. Human neuroimaging research has led to a number of important advances in our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying these two outcomes. However, interpreting the age-related changes and differences in brain structure, activation and functional connectivity that this research reveals is an ongoing challenge. Ambiguous terminology is a major source of difficulty in this venture. Three terms in particular - compensation, maintenance and reserve - have been used in a number of different ways, and researchers continue to disagree about the kinds of evidence or patterns of results that are required to interpret findings related to these concepts. As such inconsistencies can impede progress in both theoretical and empirical research, here, we aim to clarify and propose consensual definitions of these terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cabeza
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Marilyn Albert
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sylvie Belleville
- Research Center of the Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Fergus I M Craik
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Audrey Duarte
- School of Psychology, Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cheryl L Grady
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ulman Lindenberger
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development and Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Departments of Radiation Sciences and Integrated Medical Biology, UFBI, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Denise C Park
- Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Michael D Rugg
- Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jason Steffener
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottowa, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Natasha Rajah
- Departments of Psychiatry & Psychology, McGill University and Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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23
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Cabeza R, Albert M, Belleville S, Craik FIM, Duarte A, Grady CL, Lindenberger U, Nyberg L, Park DC, Reuter-Lorenz PA, Rugg MD, Steffener J, Rajah MN. Maintenance, reserve and compensation: the cognitive neuroscience of healthy ageing. NATURE REVIEWS. NEUROSCIENCE 2018. [PMID: 30305711 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-018-0068-2.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive ageing research examines the cognitive abilities that are preserved and/or those that decline with advanced age. There is great individual variability in cognitive ageing trajectories. Some older adults show little decline in cognitive ability compared with young adults and are thus termed 'optimally ageing'. By contrast, others exhibit substantial cognitive decline and may develop dementia. Human neuroimaging research has led to a number of important advances in our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying these two outcomes. However, interpreting the age-related changes and differences in brain structure, activation and functional connectivity that this research reveals is an ongoing challenge. Ambiguous terminology is a major source of difficulty in this venture. Three terms in particular - compensation, maintenance and reserve - have been used in a number of different ways, and researchers continue to disagree about the kinds of evidence or patterns of results that are required to interpret findings related to these concepts. As such inconsistencies can impede progress in both theoretical and empirical research, here, we aim to clarify and propose consensual definitions of these terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cabeza
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Marilyn Albert
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sylvie Belleville
- Research Center of the Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Fergus I M Craik
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Audrey Duarte
- School of Psychology, Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cheryl L Grady
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ulman Lindenberger
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development and Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Departments of Radiation Sciences and Integrated Medical Biology, UFBI, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Denise C Park
- Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Michael D Rugg
- Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jason Steffener
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottowa, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Natasha Rajah
- Departments of Psychiatry & Psychology, McGill University and Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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24
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Zhu L, Shu H, Liu D, Guo Q, Wang Z, Zhang Z. Apolipoprotein E ε4 Specifically Modulates the Hippocampus Functional Connectivity Network in Patients With Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:289. [PMID: 30319395 PMCID: PMC6170627 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of both apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) are considered to be risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Numerous neuroimaging studies have suggested that the modulation of APOE ε4 affects intrinsic functional brain networks, both in healthy populations and in AD patients. However, it remains largely unclear whether and how ε4 allele modulates the brain’s functional network architecture in subjects with aMCI. Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and graph-theory approaches-functional connectivity strength (FCS), we investigate the topological organization of the whole-brain functional network in 28 aMCI ε4 carriers and 38 aMCI ε3ε3 carriers. In the present study, we first observe that ε4-related FCS increases in the right hippocampus/parahippocampal gyrus (HIP/PHG). Subsequent seed-based resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) analysis revealed that, compared with the ε3ε3 carriers, the ε4 carriers had lower or higher RSFCs between the right HIP/PHG seed and the bilateral medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) or the occipital cortex, respectively. Further correlation analyses have revealed that the FCS values in the right HIP/PHG and lower HIP/PHG-RSFCs with the bilateral MPFC were significantly correlated with the impairment of episodic memory and executive function in the aMCI ε4 carriers. Importantly, the logistic regression analysis showed that the HIP/PHG-RSFC with the bilateral MPFC predicted aMCI-conversion to AD. These findings suggest that the APOE ε4 allele may modulate the large-scale brain network in aMCI subjects, facilitating our understanding of how the entire assembly of the brain network reorganizes in response to APOE variants in aMCI. Further longitudinal studies need to be conducted, in order to examine whether these network measures could serve as primary predictors of conversion from aMCI ε4 carriers to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Shu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Duan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qihao Guo
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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25
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Wink AM, Tijms BM, Ten Kate M, Raspor E, de Munck JC, Altena E, Ecay-Torres M, Clerigue M, Estanga A, Garcia-Sebastian M, Izagirre A, Martinez-Lage Alvarez P, Villanua J, Barkhof F, Sanz-Arigita E. Functional brain network centrality is related to APOE genotype in cognitively normal elderly. Brain Behav 2018; 8:e01080. [PMID: 30136422 PMCID: PMC6160659 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Amyloid plaque deposition in the brain is an early pathological change in Alzheimer's disease (AD), causing disrupted synaptic connections. Brain network disruptions in AD have been demonstrated with eigenvector centrality (EC), a measure that identifies central regions within networks. Carrying an apolipoprotein (APOE)-ε4 allele is a genetic risk for AD, associated with increased amyloid deposition. We studied whether APOE-ε4 carriership is associated with EC disruptions in cognitively normal individuals. METHODS A total of 261 healthy middle-aged to older adults (mean age 56.6 years) were divided into high-risk (APOE-ε4 carriers) and low-risk (noncarriers) groups. EC was computed from resting-state functional MRI data. Clusters of between-group differences were assessed with a permutation-based method. Correlations between cluster mean EC with brain volume, CSF biomarkers, and psychological test scores were assessed. RESULTS Decreased EC in the visual cortex was associated with APOE-ε4 carriership, a genetic risk factor for AD. EC differences were correlated with age, CSF amyloid levels, and scores on the trail-making and 15-object recognition tests. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the APOE-ε4 genotype affects brain connectivity in regions previously found to be abnormal in AD as a sign of very early disease-related pathology. These differences were too subtle in healthy elderly to use EC for single-subject prediction of APOE genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alle Meije Wink
- Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Betty M Tijms
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Centre, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mara Ten Kate
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Centre, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Raspor
- Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan C de Munck
- Department of Physics and Medical Technology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ellemarije Altena
- Université Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,CNRS, SANPSY, USR 3413, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mirian Ecay-Torres
- CITA Alzheimer Foundation, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Montserrat Clerigue
- CITA Alzheimer Foundation, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Ainara Estanga
- CITA Alzheimer Foundation, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | - Andrea Izagirre
- CITA Alzheimer Foundation, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | - Jorge Villanua
- CITA Alzheimer Foundation, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain.,Donostia Unit, Osatek, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institutes of Neurology and Healthcare Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ernesto Sanz-Arigita
- Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Université Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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26
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Ding Q, Tanigawa K, Kaneko J, Totsuka M, Katakura Y, Imabayashi E, Matsuda H, Hisatsune T. Anserine/Carnosine Supplementation Preserves Blood Flow in the Prefrontal Brain of Elderly People Carrying APOE e4. Aging Dis 2018; 9:334-345. [PMID: 29896423 PMCID: PMC5988590 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previously reported double-blind, randomized controlled trial (RCT), we demonstrated that daily supplementation with anserine (750 mg) and carnosine (250 mg) improves brain blood flow and memory function in elderly people. Here, we conducted a sub-analysis of MRI data and test scores from the same RCT to determine whether anserine/carnosine supplementation specifically benefits elderly people carrying the APOE e4 allele, which is a risk gene for accelerated brain aging and for the onset of Alzheimer’s Disease. We collected data from 68 participants aged 65 years or older who received anserine/carnosine supplementation (ACS) or placebo for 12 months. Subjects were assessed at the start and end of the trial using several neuropsychological tests, including the Wechsler Memory Scale-Logical Memory (WMS-LM). We also collected two types of MRI data, arterial spin labeling (ASL) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) at the start and end of the trial. We found that ACS significantly preserved verbal memory (WMS-LM, F[1,65] = 4.2003, p = 0.0445) and blood flow at frontal areas of the brain (FWEcluster level, p < 0.001). Sub-analysis based on the APOE4 genotype showed a significant preservation of blood flow (p = 0.002, by ASL analysis) and white-matter microstructure (p = 0.003, by DTI analysis) at prefrontal areas in APOE4+ subjects in the active group, while there was no significant difference between APOE4- subjects in the active and placebo groups. The effect of ACS in preserving brain structure and function in elderly people carrying APOE4 should be verified by further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Ding
- 1Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, and
| | - Kitora Tanigawa
- 1Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, and
| | - Jun Kaneko
- 1Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, and
| | - Mamoru Totsuka
- 2Department of Applied Biochemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Katakura
- 3Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Etsuko Imabayashi
- 4Integrative Brain Imaging Center (IBIC), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsuda
- 4Integrative Brain Imaging Center (IBIC), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Hisatsune
- 1Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, and
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