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Scoten O, Tabi K, Paquette V, Carrion P, Ryan D, Radonjic NV, Whitham EA, Hippman C. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in pregnancy and the postpartum period. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024; 231:19-35. [PMID: 38432409 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2024.02.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is a childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder that frequently persists into adulthood with 3% of adult women having a diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Many women are diagnosed and treated during their reproductive years, which leads to management implications during pregnancy and the postpartum period. We know from clinical practice that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms frequently become challenging to manage during the perinatal period and require additional support and attention. There is often uncertainty among healthcare providers about the management of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the perinatal period, particularly the safety of pharmacotherapy for the developing fetus. This guideline is focused on best practices in managing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the perinatal period. We recommend (1) mitigating the risks associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder that worsen during the perinatal period via individualized treatment planning; (2) providing psychoeducation, self-management strategies or coaching, and psychotherapies; and, for those with moderate or severe attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, (3) considering pharmacotherapy for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, which largely has reassuring safety data. Specifically, providers should work collaboratively with patients and their support networks to balance the risks of perinatal attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder medication with the risks of inadequately treated attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder during pregnancy. The risks and impacts of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in pregnancy can be successfully managed through preconception counselling and appropriate perinatal planning, management, and support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Scoten
- University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Katarina Tabi
- Department of Psychiatry, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Reproductive Mental Health Program, BC Women's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada; BCCH Centre for Mindfulness, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada; BC Women's Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Prescilla Carrion
- Department of Psychiatry, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Reproductive Mental Health Program, BC Women's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Deirdre Ryan
- Department of Psychiatry, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Reproductive Mental Health Program, BC Women's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nevena V Radonjic
- Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY
| | | | - Catriona Hippman
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Reproductive Mental Health Program, BC Women's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada; BC Women's Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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2
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Morgado F, Vandewouw MM, Hammill C, Kelley E, Crosbie J, Schachar R, Ayub M, Nicolson R, Georgiades S, Arnold P, Iaboni A, Kushki A, Taylor MJ, Anagnostou E, Lerch JP. Behaviour-correlated profiles of cerebellar-cerebral functional connectivity observed in independent neurodevelopmental disorder cohorts. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:173. [PMID: 38570480 PMCID: PMC10991387 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02857-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum, through its connectivity with the cerebral cortex, plays an integral role in regulating cognitive and affective processes, and its dysregulation can result in neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD)-related behavioural deficits. Identifying cerebellar-cerebral functional connectivity (FC) profiles in children with NDDs can provide insight into common connectivity profiles and their correlation to NDD-related behaviours. 479 participants from the Province of Ontario Neurodevelopmental Disorders (POND) network (typically developing = 93, Autism Spectrum Disorder = 172, Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder = 161, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder = 53, mean age = 12.2) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and behaviour testing (Social Communication Questionnaire, Toronto Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, and Child Behaviour Checklist - Attentional Problems Subscale). FC components maximally correlated to behaviour were identified using canonical correlation analysis. Results were then validated by repeating the investigation in 556 participants from an independent NDD cohort provided from a separate consortium (Healthy Brain Network (HBN)). Replication of canonical components was quantified by correlating the feature vectors between the two cohorts. The two cerebellar-cerebral FC components that replicated to the greatest extent were correlated to, respectively, obsessive-compulsive behaviour (behaviour feature vectors, rPOND-HBN = -0.97; FC feature vectors, rPOND-HBN = -0.68) and social communication deficit contrasted against attention deficit behaviour (behaviour feature vectors, rPOND-HBN = -0.99; FC feature vectors, rPOND-HBN = -0.78). The statistically stable (|z| > 1.96) features of the FC feature vectors, measured via bootstrap re-sampling, predominantly comprised of correlations between cerebellar attentional and control network regions and cerebral attentional, default mode, and control network regions. In both cohorts, spectral clustering on FC loading values resulted in subject clusters mixed across diagnostic categories, but no cluster was significantly enriched for any given diagnosis as measured via chi-squared test (p > 0.05). Overall, two behaviour-correlated components of cerebellar-cerebral functional connectivity were observed in two independent cohorts. This suggests the existence of generalizable cerebellar network differences that span across NDD diagnostic boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Morgado
- Dept. Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Marlee M Vandewouw
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Autism Research Centre, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Christopher Hammill
- Data Science & Advanced Analytics, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Jennifer Crosbie
- Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Russell Schachar
- Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Muhammad Ayub
- Department of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Robert Nicolson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Lawson Research Institute, London, Canada
| | - Stelios Georgiades
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Paul Arnold
- The Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Alana Iaboni
- Autism Research Centre, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Azadeh Kushki
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Autism Research Centre, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Margot J Taylor
- Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Evdokia Anagnostou
- Autism Research Centre, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jason P Lerch
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
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Rafi H, Murray R, Delavari F, Perroud N, Vuilleumier P, Debbané M, Piguet C. Neural Basis of Internal Attention in Adults with Pure and Comorbid ADHD. J Atten Disord 2023; 27:423-436. [PMID: 36635890 DOI: 10.1177/10870547221147546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether putatively atypical neuronal activity during internal attention in ADHD yields insights into processes underlying emotion dysregulation. METHODS We used a word processing paradigm to assess neural activations in adults with ADHD (N = 46) compared to controls (N = 43). We measured effects of valence, applied partial-least squares correlation analysis to assess multivariate brainbehavior relationships and ran subgroup analyses to isolate results driven by pure ADHD (N = 18). RESULTS During internal attention, ADHD, compared to controls, have (1) increased activation in the right angular gyrus (rAG), which appears driven by pure, not comorbid, ADHD and (2) diminished activation in the insula and fronto-striatal circuitry. Diminished activations were driven by negatively-valenced internal attention and negatively correlated with increased affective lability within the ADHD group. CONCLUSION Internal attention in ADHD is associated with increased rAG activation, possibly reflecting difficulty converging external and internal information, and diminished activation within emotion regulation circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan Murray
- University of Geneva, Switzerland
- University of Geneva, Campus Biotech, Switzerland
| | - Farnaz Delavari
- University of Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Martin Debbané
- University of Geneva, Switzerland
- University College London, UK
| | - Camille Piguet
- University of Geneva, Switzerland
- University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland
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Machida K, Barry E, Mulligan A, Gill M, Robertson IH, Lewis FC, Green B, Kelly SP, Bellgrove MA, Johnson KA. Which Measures From a Sustained Attention Task Best Predict ADHD Group Membership? J Atten Disord 2022; 26:1471-1482. [PMID: 35253511 DOI: 10.1177/10870547221081266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Difficulty with sustaining attention to a task is a hallmark of ADHD. It would be useful to know which measures of sustained attention best predict a diagnosis of ADHD. Participants were 129 children with a diagnosis of ADHD and 129 matched controls who completed the fixed Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART). The number of commission and omission errors, standard deviation of response time (SDRT), tau, fast and slow frequency variability, d-prime, and mu were able to successfully classify children with and without ADHD. The mean response time, criterion, and sigma were not able to classify participants. The best classifiers were d-prime (0.75 Area Under the Receiver Operated Characteristic), tau (.74), SDRT (0.74), omission errors (0.72), commission errors (0.71), and SFAUS (0.70). This list of the best classifier measures derived from the SART may prove useful for the planning of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Benita Green
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Besiroglu L, Zalesky A, Kasal MI, Dikmeer N, Bilge A, Durmaz E, Polat S, Gelal F, Zorlu N. Cortical thickness and surface area in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder and their unaffected siblings. Brain Imaging Behav 2022; 16:1946-1953. [PMID: 35867324 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-022-00660-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the underlying neurobiological mechanisms in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). We aimed to examine cortical thickness and surface area in individuals with OCD and their unaffected siblings, comparing them to healthy controls. 30 patients with OCD, 21 unaffected siblings (SIB) and 30 controls underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging. Structural images were analyzed using the FreeSurfer software package (version 6.0). Compared to healthy controls, both OCD and SIB groups showed significantly lower cortical thickness in the right anterior insula. Surface areas of the superior frontal gyrus, paracentral gyrus and precuneus of the right hemisphere were also reduced in OCD patients compared to controls. There were no significant differences in cortical thickness and surface area between the OCD and SIB groups. We did not detect any significant differences in subcortical volumes between groups. Lower cortical thickness in the right anterior insula in both OCD patients and unaffected siblings may represent a potential structural endophenotype for OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutfullah Besiroglu
- Department of Psychiatry, Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Andrew Zalesky
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, 3010, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Meltem I Kasal
- Department of Psychiatry, Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nur Dikmeer
- Department of Psychiatry, Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aslıhan Bilge
- Department of Psychiatry, Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ercan Durmaz
- Department of Psychiatry, Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Serap Polat
- Department of Psychiatry, Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Fazil Gelal
- Department of Radiodiagnostics, Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nabi Zorlu
- Department of Psychiatry, Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey.
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Wexler BE. Returning to basic principles to develop more effective treatments for central nervous system disorders. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:856-867. [PMID: 35172621 PMCID: PMC9158240 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221078291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of new treatments for diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) is
stalled. Of candidate drugs developed through costly preclinical research, 93%
fail clinical trials. Hoped-for improvements in diagnosis or treatment from
decades of positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance
imaging (fMRI) imaging have yet to materialize. To understand what we are doing
wrong, I begin with recognition that all aspects of life, including the brain
and mind, are physical phenomena consistent with processes described by
physicists. Two processes, emergence and entropy, are of particular relevance in
complex arrangements of matter that constitute life in general and the brain in
particular. The human brain functions through dynamically reconfiguring and
hierarchically organized neural functional systems with emergent properties of
cognition, emotion, and conscious experience. These systems are shaped and
maintained by negentropic environmental input transformed by sensory receptors
into neural signals that trigger epigenetic neuroplastic processes. CNS diseases
produce clinical disorders by disrupting these systems. As researchers seek
appropriate levels of system organization at which to characterize and treat
illness, focus has been on medications that impact processes at lower levels or
transcranial electric or magnetic stimulation that impact broad contiguous
swaths of tissue. Neither align with the brain’s neurosystem organization and
therefore lack specificity necessary to be effective and to limit side effects.
Digital neurotherapies (DNTs), in contrast, align with neurosystem organization
and achieve the needed specificity using the same input pathways and
neuroplastic processes that created the neural systems organization to repair
it. The omission of DNTs from major systems-based initiatives represents
powerful residua of dualist thinking. Interventions based on perceptual and
cognitive processes are not thought of as being as physical as drugs or electric
or magnetic stimulation through the skull. In fact, they are examples of the
most basic processes that create and support life itself.
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Longitudinal maturation of resting state networks: Relevance to sustained attention and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 22:1432-1446. [PMID: 35676491 PMCID: PMC9622522 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-022-01017-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The transition from childhood to adolescence involves important neural function, cognition, and behavior changes. However, the links between maturing brain function and sustained attention over this period could be better understood. This study examined typical changes in network functional connectivity over childhood to adolescence, developmental differences in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and how functional connectivity might underpin variability in sustained attention development in a longitudinal sample. A total of 398 resting state scans were collected from 173 children and adolescents (88 ADHD, 85 control) at up to three timepoints across ages 9-14 years. The effects of age, sex, and diagnostic group on changes in network functional connectivity were assessed, followed by relationships between functional connectivity and sustained attention development using linear mixed effects modelling. The ADHD group displayed greater decreases in functional connectivity between salience and visual networks compared with controls. Lower childhood functional connectivity between the frontoparietal and several brain networks was associated with more rapid sustained attention development, whereas frontoparietal to dorsal attention network connectivity related to attention trajectories in children with ADHD alone. Brain network segregation may increase into adolescence as predicted by key developmental theories; however, participants with ADHD demonstrated altered developmental trajectories between salience and visual networks. The segregation of the frontoparietal network from other brain networks may be a mechanism supporting sustained attention development. Frontoparietal to dorsal attention connectivity can be a focus for further work in ADHD.
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Warthen KG, Welsh RC, Sanford B, Koppelmans V, Burmeister M, Mickey BJ. Neuropeptide Y Variation Is Associated With Altered Static and Dynamic Functional Connectivity of the Salience Network. Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:629488. [PMID: 34867217 PMCID: PMC8636673 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.629488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a neurotransmitter that has been implicated in the development of anxiety and mood disorders. Low levels of NPY have been associated with risk for these disorders, and high levels with resilience. Anxiety and depression are associated with altered intrinsic functional connectivity of brain networks, but the effect of NPY on functional connectivity is not known. Here, we test the hypothesis that individual differences in NPY expression affect resting functional connectivity of the default mode and salience networks. We evaluated static connectivity using graph theoretical techniques and dynamic connectivity with Leading Eigenvector Dynamics Analysis (LEiDA). To increase our power of detecting NPY effects, we genotyped 221 individuals and identified 29 healthy subjects at the extremes of genetically predicted NPY expression (12 high, 17 low). Static connectivity analysis revealed that lower levels of NPY were associated with shorter path lengths, higher global efficiency, higher clustering, higher small-worldness, and average higher node strength within the salience network, whereas subjects with high NPY expression displayed higher modularity and node eccentricity within the salience network. Dynamic connectivity analysis showed that the salience network of low-NPY subjects spent more time in a highly coordinated state relative to high-NPY subjects, and the salience network of high-NPY subjects switched between states more frequently. No group differences were found for static or dynamic connectivity of the default mode network. These findings suggest that genetically driven individual differences in NPY expression influence risk of mood and anxiety disorders by altering the intrinsic functional connectivity of the salience network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine G. Warthen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Robert C. Welsh
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Benjamin Sanford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Michigan, MI, United States
| | - Vincent Koppelmans
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Margit Burmeister
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute and Departments of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, Human Genetics and Psychiatry, The University of Michigan, Michigan, MI, United States
| | - Brian J. Mickey
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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Garrett AS, Abazid L, Cohen JA, van der Kooij A, Carrion V, Zhang W, Jo B, Franklin C, Blader J, Zack S, Reiss AL, Agras WS. Changes in Brain Volume Associated with Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Among Youth with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. J Trauma Stress 2021; 34:744-756. [PMID: 33881197 PMCID: PMC9676083 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated group differences and longitudinal changes in brain volume before and after trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) in 20 unmedicated youth with maltreatment-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and 20 non-trauma-exposed healthy control (HC) participants. We collected MRI scans of brain anatomy before and after 5 months of TF-CBT or the same time interval for the HC group. FreeSurfer software was used to segment brain images into 95 cortical and subcortical volumes, which were submitted to optimal scaling regression with lasso variable selection. The resulting model of group differences at baseline included larger right medial orbital frontal and left posterior cingulate corticies and smaller right midcingulate and right precuneus corticies in the PTSD relative to the HC group, R2 = .67. The model of group differences in pre- to posttreatment change included greater longitudinal changes in right rostral middle frontal, left pars triangularis, right entorhinal, and left cuneus corticies in the PTSD relative to the HC group, R2 = .69. Within the PTSD group, pre- to posttreatment symptom improvement was modeled by longitudinal decreases in the left posterior cingulate cortex, R2 = .45, and predicted by baseline measures of a smaller right isthmus (retrosplenial) cingulate and larger left caudate, R2 = .77. In sum, treatment was associated with longitudinal changes in brain regions that support executive functioning but not those that discriminated PTSD from HC participants at baseline. Additionally, results confirm a role for the posterior/retrosplenial cingulate as a correlate of PTSD symptom improvement and predictor of treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy S. Garrett
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA,Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Leen Abazid
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Judith A. Cohen
- Department of Psychiatry, Drexel University College of Medicine, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anita van der Kooij
- Institute of Psychology, Division of Methodology and Statistics, University of Leiden, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Victor Carrion
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Booil Jo
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Crystal Franklin
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Joseph Blader
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Sanno Zack
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Allan L. Reiss
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - W. Stewart Agras
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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Suñol M, Saiz-Masvidal C, Contreras-Rodríguez O, Macià D, Martínez-Vilavella G, Martínez-Zalacaín I, Menchón JM, Pujol J, Sunyer J, Soriano-Mas C. Brain Functional Connectivity Correlates of Subclinical Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in Healthy Children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 60:757-767. [PMID: 32950652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2020.08.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Commonly observed subclinical obsessive-compulsive symptoms in healthy children may predispose to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Therefore, investigating the underlying neurobiology may be relevant to identify alterations in specific brain circuits potentially accounting for clinical heterogeneity in OCD without the confounding effects of clinical samples. We analyzed the brain correlates of different obsessive-compulsive symptoms in a large group of healthy children using functional connectivity measures. METHOD We evaluated 227 healthy children (52% girls; mean [SD] age 9.71 [0.86] years; range, 8-12.1 years). Participants underwent clinical assessment with the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Child Version and a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging examination. Total and symptom-specific severity were correlated with voxelwise global functional connectivity degree values. Significant clusters were then used as seeds of interest in seed-to-voxel analyses. Modulating effects of age and sex were also assessed. RESULTS Global functional connectivity of the left ventral putamen and medial dorsal thalamus correlated negatively with total obsessive-compulsive symptom severity. Seed-to-voxel analyses revealed specific negative correlations from these clusters with limbic, sensorimotor, and insular regions in association with obsessing, ordering, and doubt-checking symptoms, respectively. Hoarding symptoms were associated with negative correlations between the left medial dorsal thalamus and a widespread pattern of regions, with such associations modulated by sex and age. CONCLUSION Our findings concur with prevailing neurobiological models of OCD on the importance of cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical dysfunction to account for symptom severity. Notably, we showed that changes in cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical connectivity are present at subclinical stages, which may result in an increased vulnerability for OCD. Moreover, we mapped different symptom dimensions onto specific cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuit attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Suñol
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III-Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain; Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Saiz-Masvidal
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oren Contreras-Rodríguez
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III-Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dídac Macià
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Institut Guttmann of the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | | | - Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Manuel Menchón
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III-Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain; Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Pujol
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III-Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain; MRI Research Unit, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- Institut de Salut Global de Barcelona (ISGLOBAL), Centre de Recerca en Epidemiologia Ambiental (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III-Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain; Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Soriano-Mas
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III-Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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11
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Frontoparietal hyperconnectivity during cognitive regulation in obsessive-compulsive disorder followed by reward valuation inflexibility. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 137:657-666. [PMID: 33187688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by cognitive deficits and altered reward processing systems. An imbalance between cognitive and reward pathways may explain the lack of control over obsessions followed by rewarding compulsive behaviors. While the processes of emotional cognitive regulation are widely studied in OCD, the mechanisms of cognitive regulation of reward are poorly described. Our goal was to investigate the OCD impact on cognitive regulation of reward at behavioral and neural functioning levels. OCD and control participants performed a functional magnetic resonance imaging task where they cognitively modulated their craving for food pictures under three cognitive regulation conditions: indulge/increase craving, distance/decrease craving, and natural/no regulation of craving. After regulation, the participants gave each picture a monetary value. We found that OCD patients had fixed food valuation scores while the control group modulated these values accordingly to the regulation conditions. Moreover, we observed frontoparietal hyperconnectivity during cognitive regulation. Our results suggest that OCD is characterized by deficits in cognitive regulation of internal states associated with inflexible behavior during reward processing. These findings bring new insights into the nature of compulsive behaviors in OCD.
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12
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de Oliveira Rosa V, Rosa Franco A, Abrahão Salum Júnior G, Moreira-Maia CR, Wagner F, Simioni A, de Fraga Bassotto C, R Moritz G, Schaffer Aguzzoli C, Buchweitz A, Schmitz M, Rubia K, Paim Rohde LA. Effects of computerized cognitive training as add-on treatment to stimulants in ADHD: a pilot fMRI study. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 14:1933-1944. [PMID: 31218531 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00137-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The neurofunctional effects of Cognitive training (CT) are poorly understood. Our main objective was to assess fMRI brain activation patterns in children with ADHD who received CT as an add-on treatment to stimulant medication. We included twenty children with ADHD from a clinical trial of stimulant medication and CT (10 in medication + CT and 10 in medication + non-active training). Between-group differences were assessed in performance and in brain activation during 3 fMRI paradigms of working memory (N-back: 0-back, 1-back, 2-back, 3-back), sustained attention (Sustained Attention Task - SAT: 2 s, 5 s and 8 s delays) and inhibitory control (Go/No-Go). We found significant group x time x condition interactions in working memory (WM) and sustained attention on brain activation. In N-back, decreases were observed in the BOLD signal change from baseline to endpoint with increasing WM load in the right insula, right putamen, left thalamus and left pallidum in the CT compared to the non-active group; in SAT - increases in the BOLD signal change from baseline to endpoint with increasing delays were observed in bilateral precuneus, right insula, bilateral associative visual cortex and angular gyrus, right middle temporal, precentral, postcentral, superior frontal and middle frontal gyri in the CT compared to the non-active group. CT in ADHD was associated with changes in activation in task-relevant parietal and striato-limbic regions of sustained attention and working memory. Changes in brain activity may precede behavioral performance modifications in working memory and sustained attention, but not in inhibitory control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia de Oliveira Rosa
- Postgraduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil. .,ADHD Outpatient Program, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Serviço de Psiquiatria. Ramiro Barcelos, 2350. Bairro Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90035-903, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Rosa Franco
- Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA.,Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Giovanni Abrahão Salum Júnior
- ADHD Outpatient Program, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Serviço de Psiquiatria. Ramiro Barcelos, 2350. Bairro Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90035-903, Brazil.,National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Renato Moreira-Maia
- ADHD Outpatient Program, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Serviço de Psiquiatria. Ramiro Barcelos, 2350. Bairro Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Flávia Wagner
- ADHD Outpatient Program, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Serviço de Psiquiatria. Ramiro Barcelos, 2350. Bairro Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90035-903, Brazil
| | - André Simioni
- Postgraduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,ADHD Outpatient Program, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Serviço de Psiquiatria. Ramiro Barcelos, 2350. Bairro Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Caroline de Fraga Bassotto
- ADHD Outpatient Program, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Serviço de Psiquiatria. Ramiro Barcelos, 2350. Bairro Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Guilherme R Moritz
- ADHD Outpatient Program, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Serviço de Psiquiatria. Ramiro Barcelos, 2350. Bairro Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90035-903, Brazil
| | | | - Augusto Buchweitz
- BraIns, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Schmitz
- ADHD Outpatient Program, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Serviço de Psiquiatria. Ramiro Barcelos, 2350. Bairro Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Katya Rubia
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Luis Augusto Paim Rohde
- ADHD Outpatient Program, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Serviço de Psiquiatria. Ramiro Barcelos, 2350. Bairro Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90035-903, Brazil.,National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Bacanlı A, Unsel-Bolat G, Suren S, Yazıcı KU, Callı C, Aygunes Jafari D, Kosova B, Rohde LA, Ercan ES. Effects of the dopamine transporter gene on neuroimaging findings in different attention deficit hyperactivity disorder presentations. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:1103-1114. [PMID: 33469789 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-020-00437-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a phenotipically and neurobiologically heterogeneous disorder. Deficiencies at different levels in response inhibition, differences in dopamine transporter genotype (DAT1) and various symptomatic presentations contribute to ADHD heterogeneity. Integrating these three aspects into a functional neuroimaging research could help unreval specific neurobiological components of more phenotipically homogeneous groups of patients with ADHD. During the Go-NoGo trial, we investigated the effect of the DAT1 gene using 3 T MRI in 72 ADHD cases and 24 (TD) controls that typically developed between the ages 8 and 15 years. In the total ADHD group, DAT1 predicted homozygosity for the 10R allele and hypoactivation in the anterior cingulate cortex and paracingulate cortex. There were no significant activation differences between DAT1 10R/10R homozygotes and 9R carriers in TD controls. Subjects with predominantly inattentive ADHD (ADHD-I) presentation with DAT1 10R/10R homozygous reduced neuronal activation during Go trial particularly in the frontal regions and insular cortex, and in the parietal regions during NoGo trial (brain regions reported as part of Default Mode Network- DMN). Additionally, DAT1 10R/10R homozygousness was associated with increased occipital zone activation during only the Go trial in the ADHD combined presentation (ADHD-C) group. Our results point the three main findings: 1) The DAT1 gene is 10R homozygous for differentiated brain activation in ADHD cases but not in the TD controls, supporting the DAT1 gene as a potential marker for ADHD, 2) The relationship between the DAT1 gene and the occipital regions in ADHD-C group which may reflect compensatory mechanisms, 3) The relationship between DAT1 gene and the reduced DMN suppression for 9R carriers probabaly stems from the ADHD-I group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Bacanlı
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Zubeyde Hanim Training and Research Hospital, Başkent University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gul Unsel-Bolat
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey.
| | - Serkan Suren
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Park Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Kemal Utku Yazıcı
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Cem Callı
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Duygu Aygunes Jafari
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Buket Kosova
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Luis Augusto Rohde
- ADHD Outpatient Program, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eyup Sabri Ercan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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14
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Knyazev GG, Savostyanov AN, Bocharov AV, Levin EA, Rudych PD. Intrinsic Connectivity Networks in the Self- and Other-Referential Processing. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:579703. [PMID: 33304255 PMCID: PMC7693553 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.579703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies have revealed a multitude of brain regions associated with self- and other-referential processing, but the question how the distinction between self, close other, and distant other is processed in the brain still remains unanswered. The default mode network (DMN) is the primary network associated with the processing of self, whereas task-positive networks (TPN) are indispensable for the processing of external objects. We hypothesize that self- and close-other-processing would engage DMN more than TPN, whereas distant-other-processing would engage TPN to a greater extent. To test this hypothesis, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) functional connectivity data obtained in the course of a trait adjective judgment task while subjects evaluated themselves, the best friend, a neutral stranger, and an unpleasant person. A positive association between the degree of self-relatedness and the degree of DMN dominance was revealed in cortical midline structures (CMS) and the left lateral prefrontal cortex. Relative to TPN, DMN showed greater connectivity in me than in friend, in friend than in stranger, and in stranger than in unpleasant conditions. These results show that the less the evaluated person is perceived as self-related, the more the balance of activity in the brain shifts from the DMN to the TPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennady G Knyazev
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology of Individual Differences, Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander N Savostyanov
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology of Individual Differences, Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Joint Laboratory of Psychological Genetics at the Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Andrey V Bocharov
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology of Individual Differences, Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgeny A Levin
- E.N. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Pavel D Rudych
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology of Individual Differences, Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
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15
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Beyond diagnosis: Cross-diagnostic features in canonical resting-state networks in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2020; 28:102476. [PMID: 33201803 PMCID: PMC7649647 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Resting-state connectivity did not differ across neurodevelopmental disorders. General adaptive function across all participants related to subcortical connectivity. Participants in the same data-driven clusters were highly heterogeneous in diagnosis. Neurobiological similarity and dissimilarity may be seen in beyond-diagnosis categories.
Children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) share common behavioural manifestations despite distinct categorical diagnostic criteria. Here, we examined canonical resting-state network connectivity in three diagnostic groups (autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and paediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder) and typically developing controls (TD) in a large single-site sample (N = 407), applying diagnosis-based and dimensional approaches to understand underlying neurobiology across NDDs. Each participant’s functional network graphs were computed using five graph metrics. In diagnosis-based comparisons, an analysis of covariance was performed to compare all NDDs to TD, followed by pairwise comparisons between NDDs. In the dimensional approach, participants’ functional network graphs were correlated with continuous behavioural measures, and a data-driven k-means clustering analysis was applied to determine if subgroups of participants were seen, without diagnostic information having been included. In the diagnosis-based comparisons, children with NDDs did not differ significantly from the TD group and the NDD categorical groups also did not differ significantly from each other, across all graph metrics. In the dimensional, diagnostic-independent approach, however, subcortical functional connectivity was significantly correlated with participants’ general adaptive functioning across all participants. The clustering analysis identified an optimal solution of two clusters, and participants assigned in the same data-driven cluster were highly heterogeneous in diagnosis. Neither cluster exclusively contained a specific diagnostic group, nor did NDDs separate cleanly from TDs. Each participant’s distance ratio between the two clusters was significantly correlated with general adaptive functioning, social deficits and attentional problems. Our results suggest the neurobiological similarity and dissimilarity between NDDs need to be investigated beyond DSM/ICD-based, behaviourally-defined diagnostic categories.
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16
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Järvelä M, Raatikainen V, Kotila A, Kananen J, Korhonen V, Uddin LQ, Ansakorpi H, Kiviniemi V. Lag Analysis of Fast fMRI Reveals Delayed Information Flow Between the Default Mode and Other Networks in Narcolepsy. Cereb Cortex Commun 2020; 1:tgaa073. [PMID: 34296133 PMCID: PMC8153076 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgaa073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Narcolepsy is a chronic neurological disease characterized by dysfunction of the hypocretin system in brain causing disruption in the wake-promoting system. In addition to sleep attacks and cataplexy, patients with narcolepsy commonly report cognitive symptoms while objective deficits in sustained attention and executive function have been observed. Prior resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies in narcolepsy have reported decreased inter/intranetwork connectivity regarding the default mode network (DMN). Recently developed fast fMRI data acquisition allows more precise detection of brain signal propagation with a novel dynamic lag analysis. In this study, we used fast fMRI data to analyze dynamics of inter resting-state network (RSN) information signaling between narcolepsy type 1 patients (NT1, n = 23) and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC, n = 23). We investigated dynamic connectivity properties between positive and negative peaks and, furthermore, their anticorrelative (pos-neg) counterparts. The lag distributions were significantly (P < 0.005, familywise error rate corrected) altered in 24 RSN pairs in NT1. The DMN was involved in 83% of the altered RSN pairs. We conclude that narcolepsy type 1 is characterized with delayed and monotonic inter-RSN information flow especially involving anticorrelations, which are known to be characteristic behavior of the DMN regarding neurocognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Järvelä
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Research Center (MRC), Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - V Raatikainen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Research Center (MRC), Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - A Kotila
- Research Unit of Logopedics, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - J Kananen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Research Center (MRC), Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - V Korhonen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Research Center (MRC), Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - L Q Uddin
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, 33124 FL, USA
| | - H Ansakorpi
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Neurology, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - V Kiviniemi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Research Center (MRC), Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland
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17
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Karcher NR, Michelini G, Kotov R, Barch DM. Associations Between Resting-State Functional Connectivity and a Hierarchical Dimensional Structure of Psychopathology in Middle Childhood. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2020; 6:508-517. [PMID: 33229246 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study delineated and validated a hierarchical 5-factor structure with a general psychopathology (p) factor at the apex and 5 specific factors (internalizing, somatoform, detachment, neurodevelopmental, externalizing) using parent-reported child symptoms. The present study is the first to examine associations between dimensions from a hierarchical structure and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) networks. METHODS Using 9- to 11-year-old children from the ABCD Study baseline sample, we examined the variance explained by each hierarchical structure level (p-factor, 2-factor, 3-factor, 4-factor, and 5-factor models) in associations with RSFC. Analyses were first conducted in a discovery dataset (n = 3790), and significant associations were examined in a replication dataset (n = 3791). RESULTS There were robust associations between the p-factor and lower connectivity within the default mode network, although stronger effects emerged for the neurodevelopmental factor. Neurodevelopmental impairments were also related to variation in RSFC networks associated with attention to internal states and external stimuli. Analyses revealed robust associations between the neurodevelopmental dimension and several RSFC metrics, including within the default mode network, between the default mode network with cingulo-opercular and "Other" (unassigned) networks, and between the dorsal attention network with the Other network. CONCLUSIONS The hierarchical structure of psychopathology showed replicable links to RSFC associations in middle childhood. The specific neurodevelopmental dimension showed robust associations with multiple RSFC metrics. These results show the utility of examining associations between intrinsic brain architecture and specific dimensions of psychopathology, revealing associations especially with neurodevelopmental impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R Karcher
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
| | - Giorgia Michelini
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Roman Kotov
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Psychology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
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18
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Long J, Luo L, Guo Y, You W, Li Q, Li B, Tang W, Yang Y, Kemp GJ, Sweeney JA, Li F, Gong Q. Altered spontaneous activity and effective connectivity of the anterior cingulate cortex in obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Comp Neurol 2020; 529:296-310. [PMID: 32419131 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disabling neuropsychiatric disorder whose neurobiological basis remains unclear. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have reported functional and structural alterations of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in OCD. In this study, we explored the functional activity of subregions of the ACC and effective connectivity (EC) between ACC subregions and the whole brain in OCD. We used a Granger causality analysis (GCA) to identify the direction of information flow and whether the impact of that flow was excitatory or inhibitory. We performed resting-state functional MRI in 31 patients with OCD and 36 healthy controls and analyzed the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and coefficient-based GCA. The left pregenual ACC (pACC) in patients with OCD showed decreased ALFF relative to controls. There was significantly decreased excitatory output from the left pACC to both right dorsal superior frontal gyrus (dSFG) and left precuneus in patients compared with controls. Patients also had decreased inhibitory input to left pACC from left ventral SFG and left thalamus and caudate relative to controls. Results were similar in drug-naive patients and those with prior but not current psychopharmacological treatment. In patients, path coefficients of GCA from left pACC to right dSFG showed significant negative correlations with obsession and anxiety ratings. Decreased spontaneous neural activity and altered EC of pACC with widely distributed cortical circuitry, and associations with clinical ratings highlight the importance of pACC functional alteration in OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Long
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lekai Luo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wanfang You
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Li
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wanjie Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanchun Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Graham J Kemp
- Liverpool Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centre (LiMRIC) and Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - John A Sweeney
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Fei Li
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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19
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Elmaghrabi S, Nahmias MJ, Adamo N, Di Martino A, Somandepalli K, Patel V, McLaughlin A, De Sanctis V, Castellanos FX. Is Increased Response Time Variability Related to Deficient Emotional Self-Regulation in Children With ADHD? J Atten Disord 2020; 24:1045-1056. [PMID: 30047295 DOI: 10.1177/1087054718788950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Elevated response time intrasubject variability (RT-ISV) characterizes ADHD. Deficient emotional self-regulation (DESR), defined by summating Child Behavior Checklist Anxious/Depressed, Aggressive, and Attention subscale scores, has been associated with worse outcome in ADHD. To determine if DESR is differentially associated with elevated RT-ISV, we examined RT-ISV in children with ADHD with and without DESR and in typically developing children (TDC). Method: We contrasted RT-ISV during a 6-min Eriksen Flanker Task in 31 children with ADHD without DESR, 34 with ADHD with DESR, and 65 TDC. Results: Regardless of DESR, children with ADHD showed significantly greater RT-ISV than TDC (p < .001). The ADHD subgroups, defined by presence or absence of DESR, did not differ from each other. Conclusion: Increased RT-ISV characterizes ADHD regardless of comorbid DESR. Alongside similar findings in children and adults with ADHD, these results suggest that RT-ISV is related to cognitive rather than emotional dysregulation in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Francisco X Castellanos
- Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York City, USA.,The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
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20
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Koorenhof LJ, Dommett EJ. An Investigation Into Response Inhibition in Distinct Clinical Groups Within Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 31:228-238. [PMID: 30888920 DOI: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.18070166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Response inhibition has been frequently studied in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) with mixed results. The inconsistent findings may stem in part from failure to consider the heterogeneity of the disorder. METHODS The authors examined behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) components (N2 and P3) during a simple response inhibition go/nogo task in a sample of patients with OCD (N=48) and control subjects (N=53). Comparisons in behavioral and electrophysiological measures were made between groups (OCD compared with control) and within the OCD group in terms of symptom clusters (symmetry, forbidden thoughts, and cleaning) and comorbidity status (OCD only and OCD with depression). RESULTS In the OCD group, the N2 component appeared more frontally localized compared with the control group. Participants with OCD demonstrated longer N2 latency and a larger difference in N2 between the nogo and go conditions, suggesting slower but greater conflict monitoring. P3 had a larger amplitude in the OCD group compared with the control group, indicative of greater response inhibition, but was also reduced in the nogo compared with go condition, suggesting suppressed response inhibition. No significant differences were found between symptom clusters, but patients with OCD only made more omission errors compared with patients with OCD and comorbid depression. The latter cohort also had faster P3 latencies, which, combined with the behavioral data, indicates slightly improved response inhibition when comorbid depression is found. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of these results, it would seem unlikely that symptom clusters have contributed to previous inconsistencies in the literature. Comorbid depression, which may have affected previous results, should be considered in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loes J Koorenhof
- The School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom (Koorenhof); and the Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London (Dommett)
| | - Eleanor J Dommett
- The School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom (Koorenhof); and the Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London (Dommett)
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21
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Hamidian S, Pourshahbaz A, Bozorgmehr A, Ananloo ES, Dolatshahi B, Ohadi M. How obsessive-compulsive and bipolar disorders meet each other? An integrative gene-based enrichment approach. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2020; 19:31. [PMID: 32411272 PMCID: PMC7211339 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-020-00280-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The novel approaches to psychiatric classification assume that disorders, contrary to what was previously thought, are not completely separate phenomena. In this regard, in addition to symptom-based criteria, disturbances are also considered on the basis of lower level components. With this viewpoint, identifying common biochemical markers would be beneficial in adopting a comprehensive strategy for prevention, diagnosis and treatment. MAIN BODY One of the problematic areas in clinical settings is the coexistence of both obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and bipolar disorder (BD) that is challenging and difficult to manage. In this study, using a system biologic approach we aimed to assess the interconnectedness of OCD and BD at different levels. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) method was used to identify the shared biological network between the two disorders. The results of the analysis revealed 34 common genes between the two disorders, the most important of which were CACNA1C, GRIA1, DRD2, NOS1, SLC18A1, HTR2A and DRD1. Dopaminergic synapse and cAMP signaling pathway as the pathways, dopamine binding and dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity as the molecular functions, dendrite and axon part as the cellular component and cortex and striatum as the brain regions were the most significant commonalities. SHORT CONCLUSION The results of this study highlight the role of multiple systems, especially the dopaminergic system in linking OCD and BD. The results can be used to estimate the disease course, prognosis, and treatment choice, particularly in the cases of comorbidity. Such perspectives, going beyond symptomatic level, help to identify common endophenotypes between the disorders and provide diagnostic and therapeutic approaches based on biological in addition to the symptomatic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajedeh Hamidian
- 1Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences (USWR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Pourshahbaz
- 1Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences (USWR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Bozorgmehr
- 2Iran Psychiatric Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Shahsavand Ananloo
- 3Department of Psychosomatic, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrooz Dolatshahi
- 1Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences (USWR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Ohadi
- 4Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences (USWR), Tehran, Iran
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22
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Kowalczyk OS, Cubillo AI, Smith A, Barrett N, Giampietro V, Brammer M, Simmons A, Rubia K. Methylphenidate and atomoxetine normalise fronto-parietal underactivation during sustained attention in ADHD adolescents. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 29:1102-1116. [PMID: 31358436 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.07.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Problems with sustained attention are a key clinical feature of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) which also manifests in poor performance and abnormal fronto-striato-parietal activation during sustained attention. Methylphenidate and atomoxetine improve attention functions and upregulate abnormal fronto-cortical activation during executive function tasks in ADHD patients. Despite this, no functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) study has compared the effects of methylphenidate and atomoxetine on the neurofunctional substrates of sustained attention in ADHD. This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study investigated the comparative normalisation effects of methylphenidate and atomoxetine on fMRI correlates and performance in 14 ADHD adolescents relative to 27 age-matched healthy controls during a parametric sustained attention/vigilance task with progressively increasing load of sustained attention. ADHD patients were scanned three times under a single clinical dose of either methylphenidate, atomoxetine, or placebo in pseudo-randomised order. Healthy controls were scanned once and compared to patients under each drug condition to test for potential drug-normalisation effects. Relative to controls, ADHD boys under placebo were impaired in performance and had underactivation in predominantly right-hemispheric fronto-parietal, and striato-thalamic regions. Both drugs normalised all underactivations, while only methylphenidate improved performance deficits. Within patients, methylphenidate had a drug-specific effect of upregulating left ventrolateral prefrontal/superior temporal activation relative to placebo and atomoxetine, while both drugs increased activation of right middle/superior temporal cortex, posterior cingulate, and precuneus relative to placebo. The study shows shared normalisation effects of methylphenidate and atomoxetine on fronto-striato-thalamo-parietal dysfunction in ADHD during sustained attention but a drug-specific upregulation effects of methylphenidate on ventral fronto-temporal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia S Kowalczyk
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King´s College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - Ana I Cubillo
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King´s College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK; Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, Zurich Center for Neuroeconomics, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Smith
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King´s College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Nadia Barrett
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King´s College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Vincent Giampietro
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King´s College London, UK
| | - Michael Brammer
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King´s College London, UK
| | - Andrew Simmons
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King´s College London, UK; Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at South London and Maudsley NHS Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK
| | - Katya Rubia
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King´s College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
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23
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Mitelman SA. Transdiagnostic neuroimaging in psychiatry: A review. Psychiatry Res 2019; 277:23-38. [PMID: 30639090 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Transdiagnostic approach has a long history in neuroimaging, predating its recent ascendance as a paradigm for new psychiatric nosology. Various psychiatric disorders have been compared for commonalities and differences in neuroanatomical features and activation patterns, with different aims and rationales. This review covers both structural and functional neuroimaging publications with direct comparison of different psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, autism spectrum disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, anorexia nervosa, and bulimia nervosa. Major findings are systematically presented along with specific rationales for each comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge A Mitelman
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Elmhurst Hospital Center, 79-01 Broadway, Elmhurst, NY 11373, USA.
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24
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Norman LJ, Taylor SF, Liu Y, Radua J, Chye Y, De Wit SJ, Huyser C, Karahanoglu FI, Luks T, Manoach D, Mathews C, Rubia K, Suo C, van den Heuvel OA, Yücel M, Fitzgerald K. Error Processing and Inhibitory Control in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Meta-analysis Using Statistical Parametric Maps. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 85:713-725. [PMID: 30595231 PMCID: PMC6474799 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Error processing and inhibitory control enable the adjustment of behaviors to meet task demands. Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies report brain activation abnormalities in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) during both processes. However, conclusions are limited by inconsistencies in the literature and small sample sizes. Therefore, the aim here was to perform a meta-analysis of the existing literature using unthresholded statistical maps from previous studies. METHODS A voxelwise seed-based d mapping meta-analysis was performed using t-maps from studies comparing patients with OCD and healthy control subjects (HCs) during error processing and inhibitory control. For the error processing analysis, 239 patients with OCD (120 male; 79 medicated) and 229 HCs (129 male) were included, while the inhibitory control analysis included 245 patients with OCD (120 male; 91 medicated) and 239 HCs (135 male). RESULTS Patients with OCD, relative to HCs, showed longer inhibitory control reaction time (standardized mean difference = 0.20, p = .03, 95% confidence interval = 0.016, 0.393) and more inhibitory control errors (standardized mean difference = 0.22, p = .02, 95% confidence interval = 0.039, 0.399). In the brain, patients showed hyperactivation in the bilateral dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, supplementary motor area, and pre-supplementary motor area as well as right anterior insula/frontal operculum and anterior lateral prefrontal cortex during error processing but showed hypoactivation during inhibitory control in the rostral and ventral anterior cingulate cortices and bilateral thalamus/caudate, as well as the right anterior insula/frontal operculum, supramarginal gyrus, and medial orbitofrontal cortex (all seed-based d mapping z value >2, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS A hyperactive error processing mechanism in conjunction with impairments in implementing inhibitory control may underlie deficits in stopping unwanted compulsive behaviors in the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J. Norman
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Stephan F. Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Yanni Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK,Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yann Chye
- Brain and Mental Health Research Hub, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stella J. De Wit
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,GGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chaim Huyser
- Bascule, Academic Centre for Children and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - F. Isik Karahanoglu
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Tracy Luks
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Dara Manoach
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, USA
| | - Carol Mathews
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for OCD, Anxiety and Related Disorders, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Katya Rubia
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Chao Suo
- Brain and Mental Health Research Hub, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Odile A. van den Heuvel
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,OCD-Team, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Murat Yücel
- Brain and Mental Health Research Hub, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia,Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kate Fitzgerald
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
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25
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Poissant H, Mendrek A, Talbot N, Khoury B, Nolan J. Behavioral and Cognitive Impacts of Mindfulness-Based Interventions on Adults with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review. Behav Neurol 2019; 2019:5682050. [PMID: 31093302 PMCID: PMC6476147 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5682050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) are becoming increasingly popular as treatments for physical and psychological problems. Recently, several studies have suggested that MBIs may also be effective in reducing symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Most studies have examined the effectiveness in children, but there are now a sufficient number of individual treatment trials to consider a systematic review in adults. Majority of existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses only consider ADHD symptoms as an outcome, and most of them do not fully report potential biases of included studies, thus limiting considerably their conclusions. This is an important facet because some studies could be found ineligible to be included in future analysis due to their low quality. In this systematic review, we followed the PRISMA/PICO criteria and we thoroughly assessed the risks of bias for each of the selected studies according to Cochrane guidelines. We searched the available literature concerning MBIs in adult participants with ADHD using PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and ERIC databases. In total, 13 studies conducted with 753 adults (mean age of 35.1 years) were identified as eligible. Potential moderators such as participants' age, ADHD subtypes, medication status, comorbidity, intervention length, mindfulness techniques, homework amount, and training of therapists were carefully described. Aside from measuring the symptoms of ADHD, outcome measures were categorized into executive/cognitive functioning, emotional disturbances, quality of life, mindfulness, and grade point average at school. According to presented descriptive results, all the studies (100%) showed improvement of ADHD symptoms. In addition, mindfulness meditation training improves some aspects of executive function and emotion dysregulation. Although these are promising findings to support treatment efficacy of MBIs for ADHD, various biases such as absence of randomization and lack of a control group may affect the actual clinical value and implications of the studies. Moreover, the relatively low quality of selection and performance criteria in several studies, as well as relatively high attrition bias across studies, call for caution before considering conducting further analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Poissant
- Universite du Quebec à Montréal, Education and Pedagogy Department, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3P8
| | - Adrianna Mendrek
- Bishop's University, Psychology Department, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1M 1Z7
| | - Nadine Talbot
- Universite du Quebec à Trois-Rivières, Sciences Education Department, Trois-Rivières, Canada G9A 5H7
| | - Bassam Khoury
- McGill University, Educational and Counselling Psychology, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3A 1Y2
| | - Jennifer Nolan
- Universite du Quebec à Montréal, Education and Pedagogy Department, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3P8
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26
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Zhang Y, Zhang H, Nierhaus T, Pach D, Witt CM, Yi M. Default Mode Network as a Neural Substrate of Acupuncture: Evidence, Challenges and Strategy. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:100. [PMID: 30804749 PMCID: PMC6378290 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Acupuncture is widely applied all over the world. Although the neurobiological underpinnings of acupuncture still remain unclear, accumulating evidence indicates significant alteration of brain activities in response to acupuncture. In particular, activities of brain regions in the default mode network (DMN) are modulated by acupuncture. DMN is crucial for maintaining physiological homeostasis and its functional architecture becomes disrupted in various disorders. But how acupuncture modulates brain functions and whether such modulation constitutes core mechanisms of acupuncture treatment are far from clear. This Perspective integrates recent literature on interactions between acupuncture and functional networks including the DMN, and proposes a back-translational research strategy to elucidate brain mechanisms of acupuncture treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Haolin Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Till Nierhaus
- Neurocomputation and Neuroimaging Unit, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Pach
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Economics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia M Witt
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Economics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Integrative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ming Yi
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education, National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing, China
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27
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Cabarkapa S, King JA, Dowling N, Ng CH. Co-Morbid Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Neurobiological Commonalities and Treatment Implications. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:557. [PMID: 31456703 PMCID: PMC6700219 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Cabarkapa
- The Melbourne Clinic, Richmond, VIC, Australia.,St Vincent's Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Joel A King
- The Melbourne Clinic, Richmond, VIC, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nathan Dowling
- The Melbourne Clinic, Richmond, VIC, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chee H Ng
- The Melbourne Clinic, Richmond, VIC, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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28
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Childress A, Ponce De Leon B, Owens M. QuilliChew extended-release chewable tablets for the treatment of ADHD in patients ages 6 years old and above. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2018; 15:1263-1270. [PMID: 30404549 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2018.1545759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurobehavioral disorder affecting as many as 6.4 million children and adolescents in the United States. Since amphetamine (AMPH) and methylphenidate (MPH) were found to be effective more than 60 years ago, numerous formulations of these compounds have been developed. New preparations have focused on convenience, with extended-release (ER) drugs allowing once-daily dosing. Multiple ER formulations do not require patients to swallow a tablet or capsule. Recent ER preparations include liquids, oral disintegrating tablets, and chewable tablets. Several new formulations use ion exchange technology containing both immediate-release and ER components. Areas covered: Quillichew ERTM (MPH-ERCT) is an ER methylphenidate designed to be chewed before swallowing. The technology and pharmacokinetics, along with efficacy and safety data, are presented. Expert opinion: Extensive safety and efficacy data exist for MPH. ER formulations can be distinguished by preparation (tablet, capsule, liquid) and onset and duration of effect, but efficacy is similar for all ER MPH products. Each formulation has attributes, such as ease of titration, portability, and taste, that make it more acceptable for certain patients. Because AMPH and MPH are so effective, current technology research is focused on improving safety, convenience, and onset and duration of effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Childress
- a Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Inc ., Las Vegas , NV , USA
| | - Bernice Ponce De Leon
- b Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health , University of Nevada School of Medicine , Las Vegas , NV , USA
| | - Mark Owens
- c Department of Child/Adolescent Psychiatry , New York University School of Medicine , New York , NY , USA
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29
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Duan K, Chen J, Calhoun VD, Lin D, Jiang W, Franke B, Buitelaar JK, Hoogman M, Arias-Vasquez A, Turner JA, Liu J. Neural correlates of cognitive function and symptoms in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2018; 19:374-383. [PMID: 30013920 PMCID: PMC6044210 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
While gray matter (GM) anomalies have been reported for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), investigating their associations with cognitive deficits and individual symptom domains can help pinpoint the neural underpinnings critical for the pathology of ADHD, particularly the persist form of ADHD. In this work, we performed both independent component analysis and voxel-based morphometry analysis on whole brain GM of 486 adults including 214 patients, 96 unaffected siblings, and 176 healthy controls, in relation to cognition and symptoms. Independent component analysis revealed that higher GM volume in inferior semilunar lobule, inferior frontal gyri, and superior and middle frontal gyri was associated with better working memory performance, and lower GM volume in cerebellar tonsil and culmen was associated with more severe inattention symptoms. Consistently, voxel-based morphometry analysis showed that higher GM volume in multiple regions of frontal lobe, cerebellum and temporal lobe was related to better working memory performance. Focusing on the networks derived from ICA, our results integrated prefrontal regions and cerebellar regions through associations with working memory and inattention symptoms, lending support for the theory of ‘cool’-cognition dysfunction being mediated by inferior fronto-striato-cerebellar networks in ADHD. Siblings showed intermediate cognitive impairments between patients and controls but presented GM anomalies in unique focal regions, suggesting they are a separate group potentially affected by the shared genetic and environmental risks with ADHD patients. Frontal and cerebellar regions associated with adult ADHD working memory deficits. Gray matter reduction in cerebellum related to inattention symptoms in adult ADHD. Siblings presented intermediate cognitive impairments. Adult ADHD showed gray matter reduction in middle frontal gyrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuaikuai Duan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of New Mexico, USA
| | - Jiayu Chen
- The Mind Research Network, Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, USA
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of New Mexico, USA; The Mind Research Network, Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, USA
| | - Dongdong Lin
- The Mind Research Network, Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, USA
| | - Wenhao Jiang
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, USA
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martine Hoogman
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Arias-Vasquez
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jingyu Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of New Mexico, USA; The Mind Research Network, Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, USA.
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30
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Rubia K. Cognitive Neuroscience of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Its Clinical Translation. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:100. [PMID: 29651240 PMCID: PMC5884954 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the cognitive neuroscience of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) based on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies and on recent clinically relevant applications such as fMRI-based diagnostic classification or neuromodulation therapies targeting fMRI deficits with neurofeedback (NF) or brain stimulation. Meta-analyses of fMRI studies of executive functions (EFs) show that ADHD patients have cognitive-domain dissociated complex multisystem impairments in several right and left hemispheric dorsal, ventral and medial fronto-cingulo-striato-thalamic and fronto-parieto-cerebellar networks that mediate cognitive control, attention, timing and working memory (WM). There is furthermore emerging evidence for abnormalities in orbital and ventromedial prefrontal and limbic areas that mediate motivation and emotion control. In addition, poor deactivation of the default mode network (DMN) suggests an abnormal interrelationship between hypo-engaged task-positive and poorly "switched off" hyper-engaged task-negative networks, both of which are related to impaired cognition. Translational cognitive neuroscience in ADHD is still in its infancy. Pattern recognition analyses have attempted to provide diagnostic classification of ADHD using fMRI data with respectable classification accuracies of over 80%. Necessary replication studies, however, are still outstanding. Brain stimulation has been tested in heterogeneously designed, small numbered proof of concept studies targeting key frontal functional impairments in ADHD. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) appears to be promising to improve ADHD symptoms and cognitive functions based on some studies, but larger clinical trials of repeated stimulation with and without cognitive training are needed to test clinical efficacy and potential costs on non-targeted functions. Only three studies have piloted NF of fMRI-based frontal dysfunctions in ADHD using fMRI or near-infrared spectroscopy, with the two larger ones finding some improvements in cognition and symptoms, which, however, were not superior to the active control conditions, suggesting potential placebo effects. Neurotherapeutics seems attractive for ADHD due to their safety and potential longer-term neuroplastic effects, which drugs cannot offer. However, they need to be thoroughly tested for short- and longer-term clinical and cognitive efficacy and their potential for individualized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katya Rubia
- Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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Norman LJ, Carlisi CO, Christakou A, Murphy CM, Chantiluke K, Giampietro V, Simmons A, Brammer M, Mataix-Cols D, Rubia K. Frontostriatal Dysfunction During Decision Making in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2018; 3:694-703. [PMID: 29706587 PMCID: PMC6278892 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background The aim of the current paper is to provide the first comparison of computational mechanisms and neurofunctional substrates in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) during decision making under ambiguity. Methods Sixteen boys with ADHD, 20 boys with OCD, and 20 matched control subjects (12–18 years of age) completed a functional magnetic resonance imaging version of the Iowa Gambling Task. Brain activation was compared between groups using three-way analysis of covariance. Hierarchical Bayesian analysis was used to compare computational modeling parameters between groups. Results Patient groups shared reduced choice consistency and relied less on reinforcement learning during decision making relative to control subjects, while adolescents with ADHD alone demonstrated increased reward sensitivity. During advantageous choices, both disorders shared underactivation in ventral striatum, while OCD patients showed disorder-specific underactivation in the ventromedial orbitofrontal cortex. During outcome evaluation, shared underactivation to losses in patients relative to control subjects was found in the medial prefrontal cortex and shared underactivation to wins was found in the left putamen/caudate. ADHD boys showed disorder-specific dysfunction in the right putamen/caudate, which was activated more to losses in patients with ADHD but more to wins in control subjects. Conclusions The findings suggest shared deficits in using learned reward expectancies to guide decision making, as well as shared dysfunction in medio-fronto-striato-limbic brain regions. However, findings of unique dysfunction in the ventromedial orbitofrontal cortex in OCD and in the right putamen in ADHD indicate additional, disorder-specific abnormalities and extend similar findings from inhibitory control tasks in the disorders to the domain of decision making under ambiguity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J Norman
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| | - Christina O Carlisi
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, United Kingdom; Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, Department of Clinical, Education and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anastasia Christakou
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Clodagh M Murphy
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, United Kingdom; Behavioural Genetics Clinic, Adult Autism Service, Behavioural and Developmental Psychiatry Clinical Academic Group, South London and Maudsley Foundation NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kaylita Chantiluke
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent Giampietro
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Simmons
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Brammer
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Mataix-Cols
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katya Rubia
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, United Kingdom
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Zhu Y, Jiang X, Ji W. The Mechanism of Cortico-Striato-Thalamo-Cortical Neurocircuitry in Response Inhibition and Emotional Responding in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder with Comorbid Disruptive Behavior Disorder. Neurosci Bull 2018; 34:566-572. [PMID: 29508250 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-018-0214-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurocircuitries that constitute the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) circuit provide a framework for bridging gaps between neuroscience and executive function in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but it has been difficult to identify the mechanisms for regulating emotional problems from the understanding of ADHD comorbidity with disruptive behavior disorders (DBD). Research based on "cool" and "hot" executive functional theory and the dual pathway models, which are thought of as applied response inhibition and delay aversion, respectively, within the neuropsychological view of ADHD, has shed light on emotional responding before and after decontextualized stimuli, while CSTC circuit-related domains have been suggested to explain the different emotional symptoms of ADHD with or without comorbid DBD. This review discusses the role of abnormal connections in each CSTC circuit, especially in the emotion circuit, which may be responsible for targeted executive dysfunction at the neuroscience level. Thus, the two major domains - abstract thinking (cool) and emotional trait (hot) - trigger the mechanism of onset of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuncheng Zhu
- Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Affiliated Greenland Hospital of BIO-X Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200335, China
| | - Xixi Jiang
- Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Affiliated Greenland Hospital of BIO-X Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200335, China
| | - Weidong Ji
- Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Affiliated Greenland Hospital of BIO-X Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200335, China.
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Norman LJ, Carlisi CO, Christakou A, Chantiluke K, Murphy C, Simmons A, Giampietro V, Brammer M, Mataix-Cols D, Rubia K. Neural dysfunction during temporal discounting in paediatric Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Psychiatry Res 2017; 269:97-105. [PMID: 28988149 PMCID: PMC5647646 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Both Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) are associated with choice impulsivity, i.e. the tendency to prefer smaller immediate rewards over larger delayed rewards. However, the extent to which this impulsivity is mediated by shared or distinct underlying neural mechanisms is unclear. Twenty-six boys with ADHD, 20 boys with OCD and 20 matched controls (aged 12-18) completed an fMRI version of an individually adjusted temporal discounting (TD) task which requires choosing between a variable amount of money now or £100 in one week, one month or one year. Activations to immediate and delayed reward choices were compared between groups using a three-way ANCOVA. ADHD patients had steeper discounting rates on the task relative to controls. OCD patients did not differ from controls or patients with ADHD. Patients with ADHD and OCD showed predominantly shared activation deficits during TD in fronto-striato-insular-cerebellar regions responsible for self-control and temporal foresight, suggesting that choice impulsivity is mediated by overlapping neural dysfunctions in both disorders. OCD patients alone showed dysfunction relative to controls in right orbitofrontal and rostrolateral prefrontal cortex, extending previous findings of abnormalities in these regions in OCD to the domain of choice impulsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J Norman
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
| | - Christina O Carlisi
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Anastasia Christakou
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, UK
| | - Kaylita Chantiluke
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Clodagh Murphy
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment and Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King׳s College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Simmons
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) for Mental Health at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vincent Giampietro
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Michael Brammer
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - David Mataix-Cols
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katya Rubia
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
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