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Yamamoto K, Chen QY, Zhou Z, Kobayashi M, Zhuo M. Cortical nitric oxide required for presynaptic long-term potentiation in the insular cortex. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230475. [PMID: 38853563 PMCID: PMC11343264 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a key diffusible messenger in the mammalian brain. It has been proposed that NO may diffuse retrogradely into presynaptic terminals, contributing to the induction of hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP). Here, we present novel evidence that NO is required for kainate receptor (KAR)-dependent presynaptic form of LTP (pre-LTP) in the adult insular cortex (IC). In the IC, we found that inhibition of NO synthase erased the maintenance of pre-LTP, while the induction of pre-LTP required the activation of KAR. Furthermore, NO is essential for pre-LTP induced between two pyramidal cells in the IC using the double patch-clamp recording. These results suggest that NO is required for homosynaptic pre-LTP in the IC. Our results present strong evidence for the critical roles of NO in pre-LTP in the IC. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Long-term potentiation: 50 years on'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyofumi Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo101-8310, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, OntarioM5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Qi-Yu Chen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, OntarioM5S 1A8, Canada
- Zhuomin Institute for Brain Research, Qingdao266000, People's Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Interdisciplinary Center for Brain Information, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxiang Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, OntarioM5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou510130, People's Republic of China
| | - Masayuki Kobayashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo101-8310, Japan
| | - Min Zhuo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, OntarioM5S 1A8, Canada
- Zhuomin Institute for Brain Research, Qingdao266000, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou510130, People's Republic of China
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2
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Gutiérrez-Vera B, Reyes-García SE, Escobar ML. Brief environmental enrichment elicits metaplasticity on the insular cortex in vivo and reduces the strength of conditioned taste aversion. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2023; 205:107840. [PMID: 37805119 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Environmental enrichment (EE) is known to improve memory and cognition and modulate the impact of aversive stimuli in animals, promoting the development of resilience to stressful situations. Likewise, it is known that EE can modulate synaptic plasticity as is the case of long-term potentiation (LTP). These findings have been described initially in ex vivo preparations, suggesting that the effects of EE are the result of an early modification of the synaptic excitability and transmission. In this regard, it is known that metaplasticity refers to the persistent modification, by previous activity, in the ability to induce synaptic plasticity. Our previous studies have shown that prior training in conditioned taste aversion (CTA) prevents the subsequent induction of LTP in the projection from the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (Bla) to the insular cortex (IC) in vivo. In addition, we have shown that CTA extinction allows the induction but not the maintenance of IC-LTP of the Bla-IC pathway. Recently, we also showed that prior exposure to environmental enrichment for three weeks reduces the strength of CTA, restoring the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the IC. The present study aimed to analyze the effects of brief exposure to an enriched environment on the strength of aversive memory, as well as on the in vivo IC-LTP. To do so, adult rats were exposed for seven days to an EE, either before CTA training or LTP induction in the Bla-IC pathway. Our results demonstrate that a seven-day exposure to an enriched environment attenuates the aversive response to a strong CTA and allows the induction but not the maintenance of LTP in the insular cortex. These findings provide evidence that metaplastic regulation in a neocortical region takes part in the mechanisms through which brief exposure to enriched environments attenuates an aversive response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Gutiérrez-Vera
- División de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - Salma E Reyes-García
- División de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - Martha L Escobar
- División de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico.
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3
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Reyes-García SE, Gutiérrez-Vera B, Escobar ML. Calcineurin requirement for in vivo insular cortex LTD and CTA-extinction. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2022; 193:107647. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2022.107647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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4
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Wu CH, Ramos R, Katz DB, Turrigiano GG. Homeostatic synaptic scaling establishes the specificity of an associative memory. Curr Biol 2021; 31:2274-2285.e5. [PMID: 33798429 PMCID: PMC8187282 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Correlation-based (Hebbian) forms of synaptic plasticity are crucial for the initial encoding of associative memories but likely insufficient to enable the stable storage of multiple specific memories within neural circuits. Theoretical studies have suggested that homeostatic synaptic normalization rules provide an essential countervailing force that can stabilize and expand memory storage capacity. Although such homeostatic mechanisms have been identified and studied for decades, experimental evidence that they play an important role in associative memory is lacking. Here, we show that synaptic scaling, a widely studied form of homeostatic synaptic plasticity that globally renormalizes synaptic strengths, is dispensable for initial associative memory formation but crucial for the establishment of memory specificity. We used conditioned taste aversion (CTA) learning, a form of associative learning that relies on Hebbian mechanisms within gustatory cortex (GC), to show that animals conditioned to avoid saccharin initially generalized this aversion to other novel tastants. Specificity of the aversion to saccharin emerged slowly over a time course of many hours and was associated with synaptic scaling down of excitatory synapses onto conditioning-active neuronal ensembles within gustatory cortex. Blocking synaptic scaling down in the gustatory cortex enhanced the persistence of synaptic strength increases induced by conditioning and prolonged the duration of memory generalization. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that synaptic scaling is crucial for sculpting the specificity of an associative memory and suggest that the relative strengths of Hebbian and homeostatic plasticity can modulate the balance between stable memory formation and memory generalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hong Wu
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Raul Ramos
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Donald B Katz
- Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
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5
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Urrieta E, Escobar ML. Metaplastic regulation of neocortical long-term depression in vivo is sensitive to distinct phases of conditioned taste aversion. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2021; 182:107449. [PMID: 33915300 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2021.107449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Metaplasticity refers to the persistent modification, by previous activity, in the ability to induce synaptic plasticity. Accumulated evidence has proposed that metaplasticity contributes to network function and cognitive processes such as learning and memory. In this regard, it has been observed that training in several behavioral tasks modifies the possibility to induce subsequent synaptic plasticity, such as long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD). For instance, our previous studies have shown that conditioned taste aversion (CTA) training prevents the induction of in vivo LTP in the projection from the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala to the insular cortex (BLA-IC). Likewise, we reported that extinction of CTA allows induction but not maintenance of LTP in the same pathway. Besides, we showed that it is possible to express in vivo low-frequency stimulation LTD in the BLA-IC projection and that its induction prior to CTA training facilitates the extinction of this task. However, until now, little is known about the participation of LTD on metaplastic processes. The present study aimed to analyze whether CTA training modifies the expression of in vivo LTD in the BLA-IC projection. To do so, animals received low-frequency stimulation to induce IC-LTD 48 h after CTA training. Our results show that CTA training occludes the subsequent induction of LTD in the BLA-IC pathway in a retrieval-dependent manner. These findings reveal that CTA elicits a metaplastic regulation of long-lasting changes in the IC synaptic strength, as well as that specific phases of learning differentially take part in adjusting the expression of synaptic plasticity in neocortical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Urrieta
- División de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - Martha L Escobar
- División de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico.
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6
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Toyoda H, Katagiri A, Kato T, Sato H. Intranasal Administration of Rotenone Reduces GABAergic Inhibition in the Mouse Insular Cortex Leading to Impairment of LTD and Conditioned Taste Aversion Memory. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010259. [PMID: 33383859 PMCID: PMC7795793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The pesticide rotenone inhibits mitochondrial complex I and is thought to cause neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s disease and cognitive disorders. However, little is known about the effects of rotenone on conditioned taste aversion memory. In the present study, we investigated whether intranasal administration of rotenone affects conditioned taste aversion memory in mice. We also examined how the intranasal administration of rotenone modulates synaptic transmission and plasticity in layer V pyramidal neurons of the mouse insular cortex that is critical for conditioned taste aversion memory. We found that the intranasal administration of rotenone impaired conditioned taste aversion memory to bitter taste. Regarding its cellular mechanisms, long-term depression (LTD) but not long-term potentiation (LTP) was impaired in rotenone-treated mice. Furthermore, spontaneous inhibitory synaptic currents and tonic GABA currents were decreased in layer V pyramidal neurons of rotenone-treated mice compared to the control mice. The impaired LTD observed in pyramidal neurons of rotenone-treated mice was restored by a GABAA receptor agonist muscimol. These results suggest that intranasal administration of rotenone decreases GABAergic synaptic transmission in layer V pyramidal neurons of the mouse insular cortex, the result of which leads to impairment of LTD and conditioned taste aversion memory.
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7
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Piette C, Touboul J, Venance L. Engrams of Fast Learning. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:575915. [PMID: 33250712 PMCID: PMC7676431 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.575915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Fast learning designates the behavioral and neuronal mechanisms underlying the acquisition of a long-term memory trace after a unique and brief experience. As such it is opposed to incremental, slower reinforcement or procedural learning requiring repetitive training. This learning process, found in most animal species, exists in a large spectrum of natural behaviors, such as one-shot associative, spatial, or perceptual learning, and is a core principle of human episodic memory. We review here the neuronal and synaptic long-term changes associated with fast learning in mammals and discuss some hypotheses related to their underlying mechanisms. We first describe the variety of behavioral paradigms used to test fast learning memories: those preferentially involve a single and brief (from few hundred milliseconds to few minutes) exposures to salient stimuli, sufficient to trigger a long-lasting memory trace and new adaptive responses. We then focus on neuronal activity patterns observed during fast learning and the emergence of long-term selective responses, before documenting the physiological correlates of fast learning. In the search for the engrams of fast learning, a growing body of evidence highlights long-term changes in gene expression, structural, intrinsic, and synaptic plasticities. Finally, we discuss the potential role of the sparse and bursting nature of neuronal activity observed during the fast learning, especially in the induction plasticity mechanisms leading to the rapid establishment of long-term synaptic modifications. We conclude with more theoretical perspectives on network dynamics that could enable fast learning, with an overview of some theoretical approaches in cognitive neuroscience and artificial intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Piette
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, INSERM U1050, CNRS UMR7241, Université PSL, Paris, France.,Department of Mathematics and Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States
| | - Jonathan Touboul
- Department of Mathematics and Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States
| | - Laurent Venance
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, INSERM U1050, CNRS UMR7241, Université PSL, Paris, France
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Haley MS, Bruno S, Fontanini A, Maffei A. LTD at amygdalocortical synapses as a novel mechanism for hedonic learning. eLife 2020; 9:e55175. [PMID: 33169666 PMCID: PMC7655100 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel, pleasant taste stimulus becomes aversive if associated with gastric malaise, a form of learning known as conditioned taste aversion (CTA). CTA is common to vertebrates and invertebrates and is an important survival response: eating the wrong food may be deadly. CTA depends on the gustatory portion of the insular cortex (GC) and the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA) however, its synaptic underpinnings are unknown. Here we report that CTA was associated with decreased expression of immediate early genes in rat GC of both sexes, and with reduced amplitude of BLA-GC synaptic responses, pointing to long-term depression (LTD) as a mechanism for learning. Indeed, association of a novel tastant with induction of LTD at the BLA-GC input in vivo was sufficient to change the hedonic value of a taste stimulus. Our results demonstrate a direct role for amygdalocortical LTD in taste aversion learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa S Haley
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, SUNY – Stony BrookStony BrookUnited States
| | - Stephen Bruno
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, SUNY – Stony BrookStony BrookUnited States
| | - Alfredo Fontanini
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, SUNY – Stony BrookStony BrookUnited States
| | - Arianna Maffei
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, SUNY – Stony BrookStony BrookUnited States
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9
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Abe K, Kuroda M, Narumi Y, Kobayashi Y, Itohara S, Furuichi T, Sano Y. Cortico-amygdala interaction determines the insular cortical neurons involved in taste memory retrieval. Mol Brain 2020; 13:107. [PMID: 32723372 PMCID: PMC7385890 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00646-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The insular cortex (IC) is the primary gustatory cortex, and it is a critical structure for encoding and retrieving the conditioned taste aversion (CTA) memory. In the CTA, consumption of an appetitive tastant is associated with aversive experience such as visceral malaise, which results in avoidance of consuming a learned tastant. Previously, we showed that levels of the cyclic-AMP-response-element-binding protein (CREB) determine the insular cortical neurons that proceed to encode a conditioned taste memory. In the amygdala and hippocampus, it is shown that CREB and neuronal activity regulate memory allocation and the neuronal mechanism that determines the specific neurons in a neural network that will store a given memory. However, cellular mechanism of memory allocation in the insular cortex is not fully understood. In the current study, we manipulated the neuronal activity in a subset of insular cortical and/or basolateral amygdala (BLA) neurons in mice, at the time of learning; for this purpose, we used an hM3Dq designer receptor exclusively activated by a designer drug system (DREADD). Subsequently, we examined whether the neuronal population whose activity is increased during learning, is reactivated by memory retrieval, using the expression of immediate early gene c-fos. When an hM3Dq receptor was activated only in a subset of IC neurons, c-fos expression following memory retrieval was not significantly observed in hM3Dq-positive neurons. Interestingly, the probability of c-fos expression in hM3Dq-positive IC neurons after retrieval was significantly increased when the IC and BLA were co-activated during conditioning. Our findings suggest that functional interactions between the IC and BLA regulates CTA memory allocation in the insular cortex, which shed light on understanding the mechanism of memory allocation regulated by interaction between relevant brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konami Abe
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510 Japan
| | - Marin Kuroda
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510 Japan
| | - Yosuke Narumi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510 Japan
| | - Yuki Kobayashi
- Laboratory for Behavioral Genetics, Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- Present Address: Brain/MINDS, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Itohara
- Laboratory for Behavioral Genetics, Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- Present Address: Brain/MINDS, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Teiichi Furuichi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510 Japan
| | - Yoshitake Sano
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510 Japan
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10
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CB1 cannabinoid receptor-mediated plasticity of GABAergic synapses in the mouse insular cortex. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7187. [PMID: 32346039 PMCID: PMC7189234 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64236-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The insular cortex plays pivotal roles in taste learning. As cellular mechanisms of taste learning, long-term potentiation (LTP) at glutamatergic synapses is well studied. However, little is known about long-term changes of synaptic efficacy at GABAergic synapses in the insular cortex. Here, we examined the synaptic mechanisms of long-term plasticity at GABAergic synapses in layer V pyramidal neurons of the mouse insular cortex. In response to a prolonged high-frequency stimulation (HFS), GABAergic synapses displayed endocannabinod (eCB)-mediated long-term depression (LTDGABA). When cannabinoid 1 receptors (CB1Rs) were blocked by a CB1R antagonist, the same stimuli caused LTP at GABAergic synapses (LTPGABA) which was mediated by production of nitric oxide (NO) via activation of NMDA receptors. Intriguingly, NO signaling was necessary for the induction of LTDGABA. In the presence of leptin which blocks CB1 signaling, the prolonged HFS caused LTPGABA which was mediated by NO signaling. These results indicate that long-term plasticity at GABAergic synapses in the insular cortex can be modulated by combined effects of eCB and NO signaling. These forms of GABAergic synaptic plasticity in the insular cortex may be crucial synaptic mechanisms in taste learning.
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11
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Flores VL, Parmet T, Mukherjee N, Nelson S, Katz DB, Levitan D. The role of the gustatory cortex in incidental experience-evoked enhancement of later taste learning. Learn Mem 2018; 25:587-600. [PMID: 30322892 PMCID: PMC6191014 DOI: 10.1101/lm.048181.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The strength of learned associations between pairs of stimuli is affected by multiple factors, the most extensively studied of which is prior experience with the stimuli themselves. In contrast, little data is available regarding how experience with "incidental" stimuli (independent of any conditioning situation) impacts later learning. This lack of research is striking given the importance of incidental experience to survival. We have recently begun to fill this void using conditioned taste aversion (CTA), wherein an animal learns to avoid a taste that has been associated with malaise. We previously demonstrated that incidental exposure to salty and sour tastes (taste preexposure-TPE) enhances aversions learned later to sucrose. Here, we investigate the neurobiology underlying this phenomenon. First, we use immediate early gene (c-Fos) expression to identify gustatory cortex (GC) as a site at which TPE specifically increases the neural activation caused by taste-malaise pairing (i.e., TPE did not change c-Fos induced by either stimulus in isolation). Next, we use site-specific infection with the optical silencer Archaerhodopsin-T to show that GC inactivation during TPE inhibits the expected enhancements of both learning and CTA-related c-Fos expression, a full day later. Thus, we conclude that GC is almost certainly a vital part of the circuit that integrates incidental experience into later associative learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica L Flores
- Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, USA
| | - Tamar Parmet
- Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, USA
| | - Narendra Mukherjee
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, USA
| | - Sacha Nelson
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, USA
- Volen Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, USA
- National Center for Behavioral Genomics, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, USA
| | - Donald B Katz
- Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, USA
- Volen Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, USA
| | - David Levitan
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, USA
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12
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Extinction of aversive taste memory homeostatically prevents the maintenance of in vivo insular cortex LTP: Calcineurin participation. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2018; 154:54-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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13
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Chen Y, Barsegyan A, Nadif Kasri N, Roozendaal B. Basolateral amygdala noradrenergic activity is required for enhancement of object recognition memory by histone deacetylase inhibition in the anterior insular cortex. Neuropharmacology 2018; 141:32-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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14
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Han SL, Xu TL. Unraveling the Mechanisms of Memory Extinction. Neurosci Bull 2017; 34:385-388. [PMID: 29243026 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-017-0198-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Ling Han
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Tian-Le Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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15
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Juárez-Muñoz Y, Ramos-Languren LE, Escobar ML. CaMKII Requirement for in Vivo Insular Cortex LTP Maintenance and CTA Memory Persistence. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:822. [PMID: 29184500 PMCID: PMC5694558 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium-calmodulin/dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) plays an essential role in LTP induction, but since it has the capacity to remain persistently activated even after the decay of external stimuli it has been proposed that it can also be necessary for LTP maintenance and therefore for memory persistence. It has been shown that basolateral amygdaloid nucleus (Bla) stimulation induces long-term potentiation (LTP) in the insular cortex (IC), a neocortical region implicated in the acquisition and retention of conditioned taste aversion (CTA). Our previous studies have demonstrated that induction of LTP in the Bla-IC pathway before CTA training increased the retention of this task. Although it is known that IC-LTP induction and CTA consolidation share similar molecular mechanisms, little is known about the molecular actors that underlie their maintenance. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the role of CaMKII in the maintenance of in vivo Bla-IC LTP as well as in the persistence of CTA long-term memory (LTM). Our results show that acute microinfusion of myr-CaMKIINtide, a selective inhibitor of CaMKII, in the IC of adult rats during the late-phase of in vivo Bla-IC LTP blocked its maintenance. Moreover, the intracortical inhibition of CaMKII 24 h after CTA acquisition impairs CTA-LTM persistence. Together these results indicate that CaMKII is a central key component for the maintenance of neocortical synaptic plasticity as well as for persistence of CTA-LTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yectivani Juárez-Muñoz
- División de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura E Ramos-Languren
- División de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martha L Escobar
- División de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
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16
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Yiannakas A, Rosenblum K. The Insula and Taste Learning. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:335. [PMID: 29163022 PMCID: PMC5676397 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The sense of taste is a key component of the sensory machinery, enabling the evaluation of both the safety as well as forming associations regarding the nutritional value of ingestible substances. Indicative of the salience of the modality, taste conditioning can be achieved in rodents upon a single pairing of a tastant with a chemical stimulus inducing malaise. This robust associative learning paradigm has been heavily linked with activity within the insular cortex (IC), among other regions, such as the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex. A number of studies have demonstrated taste memory formation to be dependent on protein synthesis at the IC and to correlate with the induction of signaling cascades involved in synaptic plasticity. Taste learning has been shown to require the differential involvement of dopaminergic GABAergic, glutamatergic, muscarinic neurotransmission across an extended taste learning circuit. The subsequent activation of downstream protein kinases (ERK, CaMKII), transcription factors (CREB, Elk-1) and immediate early genes (c-fos, Arc), has been implicated in the regulation of the different phases of taste learning. This review discusses the relevant neurotransmission, molecular signaling pathways and genetic markers involved in novel and aversive taste learning, with a particular focus on the IC. Imaging and other studies in humans have implicated the IC in the pathophysiology of a number of cognitive disorders. We conclude that the IC participates in circuit-wide computations that modulate the interception and encoding of sensory information, as well as the formation of subjective internal representations that control the expression of motivated behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adonis Yiannakas
- Sagol Department of Neuroscience, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Kobi Rosenblum
- Sagol Department of Neuroscience, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Center for Gene Manipulation in the Brain, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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17
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Yamanaka M, Matsuura T, Pan H, Zhuo M. Calcium-stimulated adenylyl cyclase subtype 1 (AC1) contributes to LTP in the insular cortex of adult mice. Heliyon 2017; 3:e00338. [PMID: 28721398 PMCID: PMC5498404 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic transmission in the central nervous system is a key form of cortical plasticity. The insular cortex (IC) is known to play important roles in pain perception, aversive memory and mood disorders. LTP has been recently reported in the IC, however, the signaling pathway for IC LTP remains unknown. Here, we investigated the synaptic mechanism of IC LTP. We found that IC LTP induced by the pairing protocol was N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) dependent, and expressed postsynaptically, since paired-pulse ratio (PPR) was not affected. Postsynaptic calcium is important for the induction of post-LTP, since the postsynaptic application of BAPTA completely blocked the induction of LTP. Calcium-activated adenylyl cyclase subtype 1 (AC1) is required for potentiation. By contrast, AC8 is not required. Inhibition of Ca2+ permeable α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (CP-AMPARs) or protein kinase M zeta (PKMζ) reduced the expression of LTP. Our results suggest that calcium-stimulated AC1, but not AC8, can be a trigger of the induction and maintenance of LTP in the IC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Yamanaka
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institutes of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710049, China.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Takanori Matsuura
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institutes of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710049, China.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Haili Pan
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institutes of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710049, China.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Min Zhuo
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institutes of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710049, China.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
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18
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Rodríguez-Durán LF, Martínez-Moreno A, Escobar ML. Bidirectional modulation of taste aversion extinction by insular cortex LTP and LTD. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2017; 142:85-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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19
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Abstract
UNLABELLED The primary gustatory cortex (GC) receives projections from the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA). Behavioral and electrophysiological studies demonstrated that this projection is involved in encoding the hedonic value of taste and is a source of anticipatory activity in GC. Anatomically, this projection is largest in the agranular portion of GC; however, its synaptic targets and synaptic properties are currently unknown. In vivo electrophysiological recordings report conflicting evidence about BLA afferents either selectively activating excitatory neurons or driving a compound response consistent with the activation of inhibitory circuits. Here we demonstrate that BLA afferents directly activate excitatory neurons and two distinct populations of inhibitory neurons in both superficial and deep layers of rat GC. BLA afferents recruit different proportions of excitatory and inhibitory neurons and show distinct patterns of circuit activation in the superficial and deep layers of GC. These results provide the first circuit-level analysis of BLA inputs to a sensory area. Laminar- and target-specific differences of BLA inputs likely explain the complexity of amygdalocortical interactions during sensory processing. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Projections from the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA) to the cortex convey information about the emotional value and the expectation of a sensory stimulus. Although much work has been done to establish the behavioral role of BLA inputs to sensory cortices, very little is known about the circuit organization of BLA projections. Here we provide the first in-depth analysis of connectivity and synaptic properties of the BLA input to the gustatory cortex. We show that BLA afferents activate excitatory and inhibitory circuits in a layer-specific and pattern-specific manner. Our results provide important new information about how neural circuits establishing the hedonic value of sensory stimuli and driving anticipatory behaviors are organized at the synaptic level.
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20
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Intra-amygdala microinjections of chlorpheniramine impair memory formation or memory retrieval in anxiety- and fear-mediated models. Brain Res Bull 2016; 125:127-33. [PMID: 27344002 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
H1 receptor histaminergic antagonist, chlorpheniramine (CPA) participates in cognitive performance in various animal models. However, little is known regarding the effects of CPA microinjection into the amygdala on emotional behavior. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether CPA microinjection into the amygdala has the same effect on two models, one anxiety- and the other fear-mediated, in various memory stages using the elevated plus maze (EPM) and the inhibitory avoidance task (IAT) tests. Two experiments were performed with seventy-two adult male Swiss mice. Behavioral testing was performed on two consecutive days, and in both experiments, before each trial, the animals received bilateral microinjections of saline (SAL) or CPA (0.16 nmol). The animals were re-exposed to the EPM or IAT 24h after the first trial. Four experimental groups were tested: SAL-SAL, SAL-CPA, CPA-SAL and CPA-CPA. In experiment 1, a decreased open arm exploration (% open arm entries, %OAE and% open arms time, %OAT) for SAL-SAL and SAL-CPA was showed, while these measures did not decrease for the CPA-SAL and CPA-CPA groups in Trial 2. In experiment 2, an increase of retention latency in relation to training 2 for the groups SAL-SAL and CPA-SAL and a significant decrease in latency for the group SAL-CPA was revealed. These results indicate that chlorpheniramine microinjection into the amygdala impairs emotional memory acquisition and/or consolidation in the EPM and retrieval of IAT.
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Rivera-Olvera A, Rodríguez-Durán LF, Escobar ML. Conditioned taste aversion prevents the long-lasting BDNF-induced enhancement of synaptic transmission in the insular cortex: A metaplastic effect. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2016; 130:71-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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22
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Beldjoud H, Barsegyan A, Roozendaal B. Noradrenergic activation of the basolateral amygdala enhances object recognition memory and induces chromatin remodeling in the insular cortex. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9:108. [PMID: 25972794 PMCID: PMC4412060 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that arousal-induced memory enhancement requires noradrenergic activation of the basolateral complex of the amygdala (BLA) and modulatory influences on information storage processes in its many target regions. While this concept is well accepted, the molecular basis of such BLA effects on neural plasticity changes within other brain regions remains to be elucidated. The present study investigated whether noradrenergic activation of the BLA after object recognition training induces chromatin remodeling through histone post-translational modifications in the insular cortex (IC), a brain region that is importantly involved in object recognition memory. Male Sprague—Dawley rats were trained on an object recognition task, followed immediately by bilateral microinfusions of norepinephrine (1.0 μg) or saline administered into the BLA. Saline-treated control rats exhibited poor 24-h retention, whereas norepinephrine treatment induced robust 24-h object recognition memory. Most importantly, this memory-enhancing dose of norepinephrine induced a global reduction in the acetylation levels of histone H3 at lysine 14, H2B and H4 in the IC 1 h later, whereas it had no effect on the phosphorylation of histone H3 at serine 10 or tri-methylation of histone H3 at lysine 27. Norepinephrine administered into the BLA of non-trained control rats did not induce any changes in the histone marks investigated in this study. These findings indicate that noradrenergic activation of the BLA induces training-specific effects on chromatin remodeling mechanisms, and presumably gene transcription, in its target regions, which may contribute to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of stress and emotional arousal effects on memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassiba Beldjoud
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Netherlands ; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Areg Barsegyan
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Netherlands ; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Benno Roozendaal
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Netherlands ; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Nijmegen, Netherlands
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23
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Sano Y, Shobe JL, Zhou M, Huang S, Shuman T, Cai DJ, Golshani P, Kamata M, Silva AJ. CREB regulates memory allocation in the insular cortex. Curr Biol 2014; 24:2833-7. [PMID: 25454591 PMCID: PMC4743759 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The molecular and cellular mechanisms of memory storage have attracted a great deal of attention. By comparison, little is known about memory allocation, the process that determines which specific neurons in a neural network will store a given memory. Previous studies demonstrated that memory allocation is not random in the amygdala; these studies showed that amygdala neurons with higher levels of the cyclic-AMP-response-element-binding protein (CREB) are more likely to be recruited into encoding and storing fear memory. To determine whether specific mechanisms also regulate memory allocation in other brain regions and whether CREB also has a role in this process, we studied insular cortical memory representations for conditioned taste aversion (CTA). In this task, an animal learns to associate a taste (conditioned stimulus [CS]) with the experience of malaise (such as that induced by LiCl; unconditioned stimulus [US]). The insular cortex is required for CTA memory formation and retrieval. CTA learning activates a subpopulation of neurons in this structure, and the insular cortex and the basolateral amygdala (BLA) interact during CTA formation. Here, we used a combination of approaches, including viral vector transfections of insular cortex, arc fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADD) system, to show that CREB levels determine which insular cortical neurons go on to encode a given conditioned taste memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitake Sano
- Departments of Neurobiology, Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Psychology, Integrative Center for Learning and Memory and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Justin L Shobe
- Departments of Neurobiology, Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Psychology, Integrative Center for Learning and Memory and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Miou Zhou
- Departments of Neurobiology, Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Psychology, Integrative Center for Learning and Memory and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Shan Huang
- Departments of Neurobiology, Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Psychology, Integrative Center for Learning and Memory and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tristan Shuman
- Department of Neurology at David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Denise J Cai
- Departments of Neurobiology, Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Psychology, Integrative Center for Learning and Memory and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Peyman Golshani
- Department of Neurology at David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Masakazu Kamata
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alcino J Silva
- Departments of Neurobiology, Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Psychology, Integrative Center for Learning and Memory and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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24
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Rodríguez-Serrano LM, Ramírez-León B, Rodríguez-Durán LF, Escobar ML. Acute infusion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the insular cortex promotes conditioned taste aversion extinction. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2014; 116:139-44. [PMID: 25451308 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has emerged as one of the most potent molecular mediators not only for synaptic plasticity, but also for the behavioral organism-environment interactions. Our previous studies in the insular cortex (IC), a neocortical region that has been related with acquisition and retention of conditioned taste aversion (CTA), have demonstrated that intracortical microinfusion of BDNF induces a lasting potentiation of synaptic efficacy in the basolateral amygdaloid nucleus (Bla)-IC projection and enhances the retention of CTA memory of adult rats in vivo. The aim of the present study was to analyze whether acute BDNF-infusion in the IC modifies the extinction of CTA. Accordingly, animals were trained in the CTA task and received bilateral IC microinfusions of BDNF before extinction training. Our results showed that taste aversion was significantly reduced in BDNF rats from the first extinction trial. Additionally, we found that the effect of BDNF on taste aversion did not require extinction training. Finally we showed that the BDNF effect does not degrade the original taste aversion memory trace. These results emphasize that BDNF activity underlies memory extinction in neocortical areas and support the idea that BDNF is a key regulator and mediator of long-term synaptic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Rodríguez-Serrano
- División de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Betsabee Ramírez-León
- División de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Luis F Rodríguez-Durán
- División de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Martha L Escobar
- División de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., Mexico.
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25
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Rodríguez-Durán LF, Escobar ML. NMDA receptor activation and PKC but not PKA lead to the modification of the long-term potentiation in the insular cortex induced by conditioned taste aversion: Differential role of kinases in metaplasticity. Behav Brain Res 2014; 266:58-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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26
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Uematsu A, Kitamura A, Iwatsuki K, Uneyama H, Tsurugizawa T. Correlation Between Activation of the Prelimbic Cortex, Basolateral Amygdala, and Agranular Insular Cortex During Taste Memory Formation. Cereb Cortex 2014; 25:2719-28. [PMID: 24735672 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhu069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Conditioned taste aversion (CTA) is a well-established learning paradigm, whereby animals associate tastes with subsequent visceral illness. The prelimbic cortex (PL) has been shown to be involved in the association of events separated by time. However, the nature of PL activity and its functional network in the whole brain during CTA learning remain unknown. Here, using awake functional magnetic resonance imaging and fiber tracking, we analyzed functional brain connectivity during the association of tastes and visceral illness. The blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal significantly increased in the PL after tastant and lithium chloride (LiCl) infusions. The BOLD signal in the PL significantly correlated with those in the amygdala and agranular insular cortex (IC), which we found were also structurally connected to the PL by fiber tracking. To precisely examine these data, we then performed double immunofluorescence with a neuronal activity marker (c-Fos) and an inhibitory neuron marker (GAD67) combined with a fluorescent retrograde tracer in the PL. During CTA learning, we found an increase in the activity of excitatory neurons in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) or agranular IC that project to the PL. Taken together, these findings clearly identify a role of synchronized PL, agranular IC, and BLA activity in CTA learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Uematsu
- Frontier Research Laboratories, Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki 210-8681, Japan Current address: Laboratory for Neural Circuitry of Memory, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kitamura
- Frontier Research Laboratories, Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki 210-8681, Japan
| | - Ken Iwatsuki
- Frontier Research Laboratories, Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki 210-8681, Japan Current address: Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Hisayuki Uneyama
- Frontier Research Laboratories, Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki 210-8681, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Tsurugizawa
- Frontier Research Laboratories, Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki 210-8681, Japan
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27
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Stuchlik A. Dynamic learning and memory, synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis: an update. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:106. [PMID: 24744707 PMCID: PMC3978286 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian memory is the result of the interaction of millions of neurons in the brain and their coordinated activity. Candidate mechanisms for memory are synaptic plasticity changes, such as long-term potentiation (LTP). LTP is essentially an electrophysiological phenomenon manifested in hours-lasting increase on postsynaptic potentials after synapse tetanization. It is thought to ensure long-term changes in synaptic efficacy in distributed networks, leading to persistent changes in the behavioral patterns, actions and choices, which are often interpreted as the retention of information, i.e., memory. Interestingly, new neurons are born in the mammalian brain and adult hippocampal neurogenesis is proposed to provide a substrate for dynamic and flexible aspects of behavior such as pattern separation, prevention of interference, flexibility of behavior and memory resolution. This work provides a brief review on the memory and involvement of LTP and adult neurogenesis in memory phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ales Stuchlik
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Prague, Czech Republic
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28
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Distinct and simultaneously active plasticity mechanisms in mouse hippocampus during different phases of Morris water maze training. Brain Struct Funct 2014; 220:1273-90. [PMID: 24562414 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-014-0722-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Although the Morris water maze (MWM) is the most frequently used protocol to examine hippocampus-dependent learning in mice, not much is known about the spatio-temporal dynamics of underlying plasticity processes. Here, we studied molecular and cellular hippocampal plasticity mechanisms during early and late phases of spatial learning in the MWM. Quantitative in situ hybridization for the immediate early genes zif268 and Homer1a (H1a) revealed phase-dependent differences in their expression between areas CA1 and CA3. During the initial learning phase, CA1 expression levels of the molecular plasticity marker H1a, but not of the activity reporter gene zif268, were related to task proficiency; whereas no learning-specific changes could be detected in CA3. Simultaneously, the ratio of surface-expressed NMDAR subunits NR2A and NR2B was downregulated as measured by acute slice biotinylation assay, while the total number of surface NMDARs was unaltered. When intrinsic 'somatic' and synaptic plasticity in the CA1-region of hippocampal slices were examined, we found that early learning promotes intrinsic neuronal plasticity as manifested by a reduction of spike frequency adaptation and postburst afterhyperpolarization. At the synaptic level, however, maintenance of long-term potentiation (LTP) in all learning groups was impaired which is most likely due to 'intrinsic' learning-induced LTP which occluded any further electrically induced LTP. Late learning, in contrast, was characterized by re-normalized H1a, NR2A and NR2B expression and neuronal firing, yet a further strengthening of learning-induced LTP. Together, our data support a precisely timed cascade of complex molecular and subcellular transformations occurring from early to late MWM learning.
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29
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Qiu S, Chen T, Koga K, Guo YY, Xu H, Song Q, Wang JJ, Descalzi G, Kaang BK, Luo JH, Zhuo M, Zhao MG. An increase in synaptic NMDA receptors in the insular cortex contributes to neuropathic pain. Sci Signal 2013; 6:ra34. [PMID: 23674822 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2003778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neurons in the insular cortex are activated by acute and chronic pain, and inhibition of neuronal activity in the insular cortex has analgesic effects. We found that in a mouse model in which peripheral nerve injury leads to the development of neuropathic pain, the insular cortex showed changes in synaptic plasticity, which were associated with a long-term increase in the amount of synaptic N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), but not that of extrasynaptic NMDARs. Activation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent signaling enhanced the amount of synaptic NMDARs in acutely isolated insular cortical slices and increased the surface localization of NMDARs in cultured cortical neurons. We found that the increase in the amount of NMDARs required phosphorylation of the NMDAR subunit GluN2B at Tyr(1472) by a pathway involving adenylyl cyclase subtype 1 (AC1), protein kinase A (PKA), and Src family kinases. Finally, injecting NMDAR or GluN2B-specific antagonists into the insular cortex reduced behavioral responses to normally nonnoxious stimuli in the mouse model of neuropathic pain. Our results suggest that activity-dependent plasticity takes place in the insular cortex after nerve injury and that inhibiting the increase in NMDAR function may help to prevent or treat neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Qiu
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institutes of Life Science and of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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30
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Liu MG, Kang SJ, Shi TY, Koga K, Zhang MM, Collingridge GL, Kaang BK, Zhuo M. Long-term potentiation of synaptic transmission in the adult mouse insular cortex: multielectrode array recordings. J Neurophysiol 2013; 110:505-21. [PMID: 23636718 DOI: 10.1152/jn.01104.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The insular cortex (IC) is widely believed to be an important forebrain structure involved in cognitive and sensory processes such as memory and pain. However, little work has been performed at the cellular level to investigate the synaptic basis of IC-related brain functions. To bridge the gap, the present study was designed to characterize the basic synaptic mechanisms for insular long-term potentiation (LTP). Using a 64-channel recording system, we found that an enduring form of late-phase LTP (L-LTP) could be reliably recorded for at least 3 h in different layers of IC slices after theta burst stimulation. The induction of insular LTP is protein synthesis dependent and requires activation of both GluN2A and GluN2B subunits of the NMDA receptor, L-type voltage-gated calcium channels, and metabotropic glutamate receptor 1. The paired-pulse facilitation ratio was unaffected by insular L-LTP induction, and expression of insular L-LTP required the recruitment of postsynaptic calcium-permeable AMPA receptors. Our results provide the first in vitro report of long-term multichannel recordings of L-LTP in the IC in adult mice and suggest its potential important roles in insula-related memory and chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Gang Liu
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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31
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Hulme SR, Jones OD, Abraham WC. Emerging roles of metaplasticity in behaviour and disease. Trends Neurosci 2013; 36:353-62. [PMID: 23602195 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Since its initial conceptualisation, metaplasticity has come to encompass a wide variety of phenomena and mechanisms, creating the important challenge of understanding how they contribute to network function and behaviour. Here, we present a framework for considering potential roles of metaplasticity across three domains of function. First, metaplasticity appears ideally placed to prepare for subsequent learning by either enhancing learning ability generally or by preparing neuronal networks to encode specific content. Second, metaplasticity can homeostatically regulate synaptic plasticity, and this likely has important behavioural consequences by stabilising synaptic weights while ensuring the ongoing availability of synaptic plasticity. Finally, we discuss emerging evidence that metaplasticity mechanisms may play a role in disease causally and may serve as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Hulme
- Department of Psychology and Brain Health Research Centre, Box 56, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
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Ramos-Languren LE, Escobar ML. Plasticity and metaplasticity of adult rat hippocampal mossy fibers induced by neurotrophin-3. Eur J Neurosci 2013; 37:1248-59. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. E. Ramos-Languren
- División de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado; Facultad de Psicología; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; 04510; México City; D.F.; México
| | - M. L. Escobar
- División de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado; Facultad de Psicología; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; 04510; México City; D.F.; México
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Gal-Ben-Ari S, Rosenblum K. Molecular mechanisms underlying memory consolidation of taste information in the cortex. Front Behav Neurosci 2012; 5:87. [PMID: 22319481 PMCID: PMC3251832 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2011.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The senses of taste and odor are both chemical senses. However, whereas an organism can detect an odor at a relatively long distance from its source, taste serves as the ultimate proximate gatekeeper of food intake: it helps in avoiding poisons and consuming beneficial substances. The automatic reaction to a given taste has been developed during evolution and is well adapted to conditions that may occur with high probability during the lifetime of an organism. However, in addition to this automatic reaction, animals can learn and remember tastes, together with their positive or negative values, with high precision and in light of minimal experience. This ability of mammalians to learn and remember tastes has been studied extensively in rodents through application of reasonably simple and well defined behavioral paradigms. The learning process follows a temporal continuum similar to those of other memories: acquisition, consolidation, retrieval, relearning, and reconsolidation. Moreover, inhibiting protein synthesis in the gustatory cortex (GC) specifically affects the consolidation phase of taste memory, i.e., the transformation of short- to long-term memory, in keeping with the general biochemical definition of memory consolidation. This review aims to present a general background of taste learning, and to focus on recent findings regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying taste–memory consolidation in the GC. Specifically, the roles of neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, immediate early genes, and translation regulation are addressed.
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Martínez-Moreno A, Rodríguez-Durán LF, Escobar ML. Late Protein Synthesis-Dependent Phases in CTA Long-Term Memory: BDNF Requirement. Front Behav Neurosci 2011; 5:61. [PMID: 21960964 PMCID: PMC3178035 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2011.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been proposed that long-term memory (LTM) persistence requires a late protein synthesis-dependent phase, even many hours after memory acquisition. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an essential protein synthesis product that has emerged as one of the most potent molecular mediators for long-term synaptic plasticity. Studies in the rat hippocampus have been shown that BDNF is capable to rescue the late-phase of long-term potentiation as well as the hippocampus-related LTM when protein synthesis was inhibited. Our previous studies on the insular cortex (IC), a region of the temporal cortex implicated in the acquisition and storage of conditioned taste aversion (CTA), have demonstrated that intracortical delivery of BDNF reverses the deficit in CTA memory caused by the inhibition of IC protein synthesis due to anisomycin administration during early acquisition. In this work, we first analyze whether CTA memory storage is protein synthesis-dependent in different time windows. We observed that CTA memory become sensible to protein synthesis inhibition 5 and 7 h after acquisition. Then, we explore the effect of BDNF delivery (2 μg/2 μl per side) in the IC during those late protein synthesis-dependent phases. Our results show that BDNF reverses the CTA memory deficit produced by protein synthesis inhibition in both phases. These findings support the notion that recurrent rounds of consolidation-like events take place in the neocortex for maintenance of CTA memory trace and that BDNF is an essential component of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Martínez-Moreno
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Aprendizaje y la Memoria, División de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México D.F., México
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Morikawa H, Paladini CA. Dynamic regulation of midbrain dopamine neuron activity: intrinsic, synaptic, and plasticity mechanisms. Neuroscience 2011; 198:95-111. [PMID: 21872647 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Revised: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although the roles of dopaminergic signaling in learning and behavior are well established, it is not fully understood how the activity of dopaminergic neurons is dynamically regulated under different conditions in a constantly changing environment. Dopamine neurons must integrate sensory, motor, and cognitive information online to inform the organism to pursue outcomes with the highest reward probability. In this article, we provide an overview of recent advances on the intrinsic, extrinsic (i.e., synaptic), and plasticity mechanisms controlling dopamine neuron activity, mostly focusing on mechanistic studies conducted using ex vivo brain slice preparations. We also hope to highlight some unresolved questions regarding information processing that takes place at dopamine neurons, thereby stimulating further investigations at different levels of analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Morikawa
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, Section of Neurobiology, 2400 Speedway, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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