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Wen Y, Jiang J, Zhai F, Fan F, Lu J. Sleep-wake dependent hippocampal regulation of fear memory. Sleep Med 2024; 115:162-173. [PMID: 38367358 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
The hippocampus (HPC) plays a pivotal role in fear learning and memory. Our two recent studies suggest that rapid eye movement (REM) sleep via the HPC downregulates fear memory consolidation and promotes fear extinction. However, it is not clear whether and how the dorsal and the ventral HPC regulates fear memory differently; and how the HPC in wake regulates fear memory. By chemogenetic stimulating in the HPC directly and its afferent entorhinal cortex that selectively activated the HPC in REM sleep for 3-6 h post-fear-acquisition, we found that HPC activation in REM sleep consolidated fear extinction memory. In particular, dorsal HPC (dHPC) stimulation in REM sleep virtually eliminated fear memory by enhancing fear extinction and reducing fear memory consolidation. By contrast, chemogenetic stimulating HPC afferent the supramammillary nucleus (SUM) induced 3-hr wake with HPC activation impaired fear extinction. Finally, desipramine (DMI) injection that selectively eliminated REM sleep for >6 h impaired fear extinction. Our results demonstrate that the HPC is critical for fear memory regulation; and wake HPC and REM sleep HPC have an opposite role in fear extinction of respective impairment and consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Wen
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Diseases, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China; Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA.
| | - Jinhong Jiang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory in Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA
| | - Feng Zhai
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA
| | - Fangfang Fan
- Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA
| | - Jun Lu
- Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA.
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2
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Wu X, Gao Y, Shi C, Tong J, Ma D, Shen J, Yang J, Ji M. Complement C1q drives microglia-dependent synaptic loss and cognitive impairments in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation. Neuropharmacology 2023; 237:109646. [PMID: 37356797 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Activated microglia and subsequent release of pro-inflammatory cytokines result in neuroinflammatory status which further damage neurological function including cognitive impairments in various neurological conditions. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms during these pathological processing remain unknown. In the current study, mice received intraperitoneal administrations of LPS (0.5 mg/kg, daily, Escherichia coli O55:B5) for seven consecutive days and their different cohorts were used for behavioral assessment with open field, Y maze, and novel object recognition test or for electrophysiology recordings of mEPSC, LFP or LTP in in vivo or ex vivo preparation. The hippocampus from some cohorts were harvested for immunostaining or Western blotting of c1q, Iba-1, CD68, PSD95 and dendritic spine density or for transcriptome and proteomics analysis. Repeated LPS injections induced an up-regulation of complement system protein c1q and distinct microglial phenotype with an enrichment of the complement-phagosome pathway. Microglial synaptic engulfment and profound synaptic loss were found. These pathological changes were accompanied with the significantly decreased excitatory synaptic transmission, disturbed theta oscillations, impaired hippocampal long-term potentiation, and cognitive impairments. Notably, neutralization of c1q signaling robustly prevented these changes. Collectively, our data provide evidence that activated microglia and complement cascade c1q signaling in the hippocampus may account for synaptic loss and cognitive impairments in a mouse model of neuroinflammation induced by repeated LPS injections. Our work implicates that complement system may be a therapeutic target for developing therapies to prevent or treat cognitive disorders related to neuroinflammation or other disease conditions including neurodegenerative disease per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmiao Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuzhu Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cuina Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianhua Tong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Daqing Ma
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jinchun Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jianjun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Muhuo Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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3
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Kouhnavardi S, Cabatic M, Mañas-Padilla MC, Malabanan MA, Smani T, Cicvaric A, Muñoz Aranzalez EA, Koenig X, Urban E, Lubec G, Castilla-Ortega E, Monje FJ. miRNA-132/212 Deficiency Disrupts Selective Corticosterone Modulation of Dorsal vs. Ventral Hippocampal Metaplasticity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9565. [PMID: 37298523 PMCID: PMC10253409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortisol is a potent human steroid hormone that plays key roles in the central nervous system, influencing processes such as brain neuronal synaptic plasticity and regulating the expression of emotional and behavioral responses. The relevance of cortisol stands out in the disease, as its dysregulation is associated with debilitating conditions such as Alzheimer's Disease, chronic stress, anxiety and depression. Among other brain regions, cortisol importantly influences the function of the hippocampus, a structure central for memory and emotional information processing. The mechanisms fine-tuning the different synaptic responses of the hippocampus to steroid hormone signaling remain, however, poorly understood. Using ex vivo electrophysiology and wild type (WT) and miR-132/miR-212 microRNAs knockout (miRNA-132/212-/-) mice, we examined the effects of corticosterone (the rodent's equivalent to cortisol in humans) on the synaptic properties of the dorsal and ventral hippocampus. In WT mice, corticosterone predominantly inhibited metaplasticity in the dorsal WT hippocampi, whereas it significantly dysregulated both synaptic transmission and metaplasticity at dorsal and ventral regions of miR-132/212-/- hippocampi. Western blotting further revealed significantly augmented levels of endogenous CREB and a significant CREB reduction in response to corticosterone only in miR-132/212-/- hippocampi. Sirt1 levels were also endogenously enhanced in the miR-132/212-/- hippocampi but unaltered by corticosterone, whereas the levels of phospo-MSK1 were only reduced by corticosterone in WT, not in miR-132/212-/- hippocampi. In behavioral studies using the elevated plus maze, miRNA-132/212-/- mice further showed reduced anxiety-like behavior. These observations propose miRNA-132/212 as potential region-selective regulators of the effects of steroid hormones on hippocampal functions, thus likely fine-tuning hippocampus-dependent memory and emotional processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Kouhnavardi
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maureen Cabatic
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Marife-Astrid Malabanan
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tarik Smani
- Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Ana Cicvaric
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Edison Alejandro Muñoz Aranzalez
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Xaver Koenig
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ernst Urban
- Department for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 2D 303, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gert Lubec
- Programme for Proteomics, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Francisco J. Monje
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Olson ML, Badenoch B, Blatti M, Buching C, Glewwe N. Muscarinic Cholinergic Receptor Antagonism Impairs Spatial Memory Retrieval and Minimizes Retrieval-Induced Alterations in Matrix Metalloproteinase-9. Behav Brain Res 2023; 448:114460. [PMID: 37119978 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Cholinergic dysfunction in the hippocampus causes memory impairment, and degradation of the forebrain cholinergic system has been implicated in several neurological disorders. One such disorder, Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is associated with the abnormal expression of various proteins including matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), an enzyme known to regulate hippocampus-dependent memory. Memory involves several stages including acquisition, consolidation, and retrieval, but the neurobiological correlates of retrieval have been studied much less than other stages of memory. We sought to investigate the potential relationship between cholinergic signaling and hippocampal MMP-9 expression and the involvement of each in spatial memory retrieval. We trained rats in the water maze until the task was well-learned, then, seven days later, we allowed some to retrieve the memory after an intracerebroventricular injection of scopolamine or vehicle. Western blot analysis of hippocampal tissue shows elevated levels of a truncated form of MMP-9 associated with spatial memory retrieval. Additionally, our results indicate that centrally administered scopolamine both impairs spatial memory retrieval and prevents retrieval-induced elevations in MMP-9. These findings provide evidence for a potential link between cholinergic dysregulation and abnormal MMP-9 levels seen in the brains of AD patients. An important, yet unresolved question is whether MMP-9 serves to support memory retrieval itself or if it is involved in maintaining the ongoing stability of a retrieved memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel L Olson
- Department of Psychology, Concordia College, Moorhead, MN.
| | | | - Megan Blatti
- Department of Psychology, Concordia College, Moorhead, MN.
| | | | - Nic Glewwe
- Department of Psychology, Concordia College, Moorhead, MN.
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Couto Pereira NDS, Klippel Zanona Q, Pastore Bernardi M, Alves J, Dalmaz C, Calcagnotto ME. Aversive memory reactivation: A possible role for delta oscillations in the hippocampus-amygdala circuit. J Neurosci Res 2023; 101:48-69. [PMID: 36128957 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Memory labilization, the process by which memories become susceptible to update, is essential for memory reconsolidation and has been a target for novel therapies for traumatic memory-associated disorders. Maternal separation (MS) in male rats produced memories resistant to labilization in adulthood. Based on previous results, we hypothesized that temporal desynchronization between the dorsal hippocampus (DHc) and the basolateral amygdala (BLA), during memory retrieval, could be responsible for this impairment. Our goal was to investigate possible differences in oscillatory activity and synchrony between the DHc and BLA during fear memory reactivation, between MS and non-handled (NH) rats. We used male adult Wistar rats, NH or MS, with electrodes for local field potential (LFP) recordings implanted in the DHc and BLA. Animals were submitted to aversive memory reactivation by exposure to the conditioned context (Reat) or to pseudo-reactivation in a neutral context (pReat), and LFP was recorded. Plasticity markers linked to reconsolidation were evaluated one hour after reactivation. The power of delta oscillations and DHc-BLA synchrony in Reat animals was increased, during freezing. Besides, delta modulation of gamma oscillations amplitude in the BLA was associated with the increase in DHc Zif268 levels, an immediate early gene specifically associated with reconsolidation. Concerning early life stress, we found lower power of delta and strength of delta-gamma oscillations coupling in MS rats, compared to NH, which could explain the low Zif268 levels in a subgroup of MS animals. These results suggest a role for delta oscillations in memory reactivation that should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natividade de Sá Couto Pereira
- Neurophysiology and Neurochemistry of Neuronal Excitability and Synaptic Plasticity Laboratory (NNNESP Lab.), Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Querusche Klippel Zanona
- Neurophysiology and Neurochemistry of Neuronal Excitability and Synaptic Plasticity Laboratory (NNNESP Lab.), Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Pastore Bernardi
- Neurophysiology and Neurochemistry of Neuronal Excitability and Synaptic Plasticity Laboratory (NNNESP Lab.), Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Joelma Alves
- Neurobiology of Stress Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carla Dalmaz
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Neurobiology of Stress Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maria Elisa Calcagnotto
- Neurophysiology and Neurochemistry of Neuronal Excitability and Synaptic Plasticity Laboratory (NNNESP Lab.), Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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6
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Effects of phase synchronization and frequency specificity in the encoding of conditioned fear-a web-based fear conditioning study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281644. [PMID: 36867619 PMCID: PMC9983861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oscillatory synchronization in the theta-frequency band was found to play a causal role in binding information of different modalities in declarative memory. Moreover, there is first evidence from a laboratory study that theta-synchronized (vs. asynchronized) multimodal input in a classical fear conditioning paradigm resulted in better discrimination of a threat-associated stimulus when compared to perceptually similar stimuli never associated with the aversive unconditioned stimulus (US). Effects manifested in affective ratings and ratings of contingency knowledge. However, theta-specificity was not addressed so far. Thus, in the present pre-registered web-based fear conditioning study, we compared synchronized (vs. asynchronized) input in a theta-frequency band vs. the same synchronization manipulation in a delta frequency. Based on our previous laboratory design, five visual gratings of different orientations (25°, 35°, 45°, 55°, 65°) served as conditioned stimuli (CS) with only one (CS+) paired with the auditory aversive US. Both CS and US were luminance or amplitude modulated, respectively, in a theta (4 Hz) or delta (1.7 Hz) frequency. In both frequencies, CS-US pairings were presented either in-phase (0° phase lag) or out-of-phase (90°, 180°, 270°), resulting in four independent groups (each group N = 40). Phase synchronization augmented the discrimination of CSs in CS-US contingency knowledge but did not affect valence and arousal ratings. Interestingly, this effect occurred independent of frequency. In sum, the current study proves the ability to successfully conduct complex generalization fear conditioning in an online setting. Based on this prerequisite, our data supports a causal role of phase synchronization in the declarative CS-US associations for low frequencies rather than in the specific theta-frequency band.
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Çalışkan G, French T, Enrile Lacalle S, Del Angel M, Steffen J, Heimesaat MM, Rita Dunay I, Stork O. Antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis leads to activation of microglia and impairment of cholinergic gamma oscillations in the hippocampus. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 99:203-217. [PMID: 34673174 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are widely applied for the treatment of bacterial infections, but their long-term use may lead to gut flora dysbiosis and detrimental effects on brain physiology, behavior as well as cognitive performance. Still, a striking lack of knowledge exists concerning electrophysiological correlates of antibiotic-induced changes in gut microbiota and behavior. Here, we investigated changes in the synaptic transmission and plasticity together with behaviorally-relevant network activities from the hippocampus of antibiotic-treated mice. Prolonged antibiotic treatment led to a reduction of myeloid cell pools in bone marrow, circulation and those surveilling the brain. Circulating Ly6Chi inflammatory monocytes adopted a proinflammatory phenotype with increased expression of CD40 and MHC II. In the central nervous system, microglia displayed a subtle activated phenotype with elevated CD40 and MHC II expression, increased IL-6 and TNF production as well as with an increased number of Iba1 + cells in the hippocampal CA3 and CA1 subregions. Concomitantly, we detected a substantial reduction in the synaptic transmission in the hippocampal CA1 after antibiotic treatment. In line, carbachol-induced cholinergic gamma oscillation were reduced upon antibiotic treatment while the incidence of hippocampal sharp waves was elevated. These alterations were associated with the global changes in the expression of neurotrophin nerve growth factor and inducible nitric oxide synthase, both of which have been shown to influence cholinergic system in the hippocampus. Overall, our study demonstrates that antibiotic-induced dysbiosis of the gut microbiome and subsequent alteration of the immune cell function are associated with reduced synaptic transmission and gamma oscillations in the hippocampus, a brain region that is critically involved in mediation of innate and cognitive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gürsel Çalışkan
- Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Timothy French
- Institute of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Miguel Del Angel
- Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Steffen
- Institute of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Markus M Heimesaat
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ildiko Rita Dunay
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Stork
- Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
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Tomar A, McHugh TJ. The impact of stress on the hippocampal spatial code. Trends Neurosci 2021; 45:120-132. [PMID: 34916083 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hippocampal function is severely compromised by prolonged, uncontrollable stress. However, how stress alters neural representations of our surroundings and events that occur within them remains less clear. We review hippocampal place cell studies that examine how spatial coding is affected by acute and chronic stress, as well as by stress accompanying fear conditioning. Emerging data suggest that chronic stress disrupts the acuity and specificity of CA1 spatial coding, both in familiar and novel contexts, and alters hippocampal oscillations. By contrast, acute stress may have a facilitatory impact on spatial representations. These findings encourage a fresh look at the documented stress-induced changes in hippocampal anatomy and in vitro excitability, and offer a new perspective on the links between stress and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupratap Tomar
- Center for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK.
| | - Thomas J McHugh
- Laboratory for Circuit and Behavioral Physiology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan.
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Gresko MV, Perchuk IV. PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF RADIATION RISK PERCEPTION. PROBLEMY RADIATSIINOI MEDYTSYNY TA RADIOBIOLOHII 2021; 26:371-397. [PMID: 34965561 DOI: 10.33145/2304-8336-2021-26-371-397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to determine the subjective and psychophysiological characteristics of the perception of radiation risk,to identify destructive individual-typological personality traits, as well as factors that can be the basis of psycho-logical compensation for victims of various radiation disasters and accidents. OBJECT AND METHOD A comparative analysis of psychometric and neurophysiological parameters of hypertrophiedperception of radiation risk in the following groups was carried out: liquidators (clean-up workers) of the conse-quences of the Chornobyl accident and evacuees from the Chornobyl exclusion zone (CEZ) - 317 people total, par-ticipants in the anti-terrorist operation (ATO) - 101 people, and control group - 85 people. We used psychodiagnos-tic and neurophysiological (computerized electroencephalography) techniques. RESULTS In the groups of liquidators and evacuees from CEZ there are significantly more people with hypertrophiedperception of radiation risk compared to the control group and the comparison group (liquidators - 71.88 %, liqui-dators-evacuees - 80.0 %, evacuees 76.92 %, ATO participants - 33.78 %, control group - 35.0 %). Among therespondents with hypertrophied perception of radiation risk radiation factors, and, most of all, diseases associatedwith ionizing radiation, hold the first rank places among 31 evaluated factors in all groups. The respondents withadequate perception of the radiation risk are primarily concerned about social stress and environmental factors.Correlation analysis showed that there are no correlation between hypertrophied perception of radiation risk andactual documented radiation dose. Hypertrophied perception depends on gender, level of education, family incomeand level of knowledge about ionizing radiation. It affects perception of one's health, makes you feel helpless,increase the level of distress from the Chornobyl disaster and the Fukushima-1 disaster in Japan, and is also associ-ated with the Revolution of Dignity. Hypertrophied perception of radiation risk contributes to disorders of psycho-somatic health and deformation of personality traits. Comparative analysis of the parameters of bioelectrical activ-ity of the brain of persons with hypertrophied perception of the radiation threat showed an increase in brain's delta-,theta- and beta- activity with suppression of alpha-activity and dominant frequency. CONCLUSIONS In all examined groups a significant percentage of people with hypertrophied perception wererevealed. The key role in the process of perception of a radiation risk is played not by the real danger of the situa-tion and the documented dose of radiation, but by its perception and awareness. Hypertrophied perception of theradiation risk contributes to psychosomatic health disorders and deformation of personality traits, which is con-firmed by neurophysiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Gresko
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - I V Perchuk
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
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Wang KY, Wu JW, Cheng JK, Chen CC, Wong WY, Averkin RG, Tamás G, Nakazawa K, Lien CC. Elevation of hilar mossy cell activity suppresses hippocampal excitability and avoidance behavior. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109702. [PMID: 34525354 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) excitability regulates anxiety. In the DG, glutamatergic mossy cells (MCs) receive the excitatory drive from principal granule cells (GCs) and mediate the feedback excitation and inhibition of GCs. However, the circuit mechanism by which MCs regulate anxiety-related information routing through hippocampal circuits remains unclear. Moreover, the correlation between MC activity and anxiety states is unclear. In this study, we first demonstrate, by means of calcium fiber photometry, that MC activity in the ventral hippocampus (vHPC) of mice increases while they explore anxiogenic environments. Next, juxtacellular recordings reveal that optogenetic activation of MCs preferentially recruits GABAergic neurons, thereby suppressing GCs and ventral CA1 neurons. Finally, chemogenetic excitation of MCs in the vHPC reduces avoidance behaviors in both healthy and anxious mice. These results not only indicate an anxiolytic role of MCs but also suggest that MCs may be a potential therapeutic target for anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Yi Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Jei-Wei Wu
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Kun Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei 252, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan
| | | | - Wai-Yi Wong
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Robert G Averkin
- ELKH-SZTE Research Group for Cortical Microcircuits, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - Gábor Tamás
- ELKH-SZTE Research Group for Cortical Microcircuits, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - Kazu Nakazawa
- Department of Neuroscience, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA; Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Cheng-Chang Lien
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
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11
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Villafranca-Faus M, Vila-Martín ME, Esteve D, Merino E, Teruel-Sanchis A, Cervera-Ferri A, Martínez-Ricós J, Lloret A, Lanuza E, Teruel-Martí V. Integrating pheromonal and spatial information in the amygdalo-hippocampal network. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5286. [PMID: 34489431 PMCID: PMC8421364 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25442-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Vomeronasal information is critical in mice for territorial behavior. Consequently, learning the territorial spatial structure should incorporate the vomeronasal signals indicating individual identity into the hippocampal cognitive map. In this work we show in mice that navigating a virtual environment induces synchronic activity, with causality in both directionalities, between the vomeronasal amygdala and the dorsal CA1 of the hippocampus in the theta frequency range. The detection of urine stimuli induces synaptic plasticity in the vomeronasal pathway and the dorsal hippocampus, even in animals with experimentally induced anosmia. In the dorsal hippocampus, this plasticity is associated with the overexpression of pAKT and pGSK3β. An amygdalo-entorhino-hippocampal circuit likely underlies this effect of pheromonal information on hippocampal learning. This circuit likely constitutes the neural substrate of territorial behavior in mice, and it allows the integration of social and spatial information.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Villafranca-Faus
- Neuronal Circuits Laboratory, Dept. of Anatomy and Human Embriology, Faculty of Medicine, University de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Esteban Vila-Martín
- Neuronal Circuits Laboratory, Dept. of Anatomy and Human Embriology, Faculty of Medicine, University de València, Valencia, Spain
- Laboratori de Neuranatomia Funcional, Dept. de Biologia Cel·lular, Fac. CC. Biològiques, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel Esteve
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Health Research Institute INCLIVA, CIBERFES, Valencia, Spain
| | - Esteban Merino
- Neuronal Circuits Laboratory, Dept. of Anatomy and Human Embriology, Faculty of Medicine, University de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Anna Teruel-Sanchis
- Neuronal Circuits Laboratory, Dept. of Anatomy and Human Embriology, Faculty of Medicine, University de València, Valencia, Spain
- Laboratori de Neuranatomia Funcional, Dept. de Biologia Cel·lular, Fac. CC. Biològiques, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Cervera-Ferri
- Neuronal Circuits Laboratory, Dept. of Anatomy and Human Embriology, Faculty of Medicine, University de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Joana Martínez-Ricós
- Neuronal Circuits Laboratory, Dept. of Anatomy and Human Embriology, Faculty of Medicine, University de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Lloret
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Health Research Institute INCLIVA, CIBERFES, Valencia, Spain
| | - Enrique Lanuza
- Neuronal Circuits Laboratory, Dept. of Anatomy and Human Embriology, Faculty of Medicine, University de València, Valencia, Spain.
- Laboratori de Neuranatomia Funcional, Dept. de Biologia Cel·lular, Fac. CC. Biològiques, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Vicent Teruel-Martí
- Neuronal Circuits Laboratory, Dept. of Anatomy and Human Embriology, Faculty of Medicine, University de València, Valencia, Spain.
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12
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Madencioglu DA, Çalışkan G, Yuanxiang P, Rehberg K, Demiray YE, Kul E, Engler A, Hayani H, Bergado-Acosta JR, Kummer A, Müller I, Song I, Dityatev A, Kähne T, Kreutz MR, Stork O. Transgenic modeling of Ndr2 gene amplification reveals disturbance of hippocampus circuitry and function. iScience 2021; 24:102868. [PMID: 34381982 PMCID: PMC8340122 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Duplications and deletions of short chromosomal fragments are increasingly recognized as the cause for rare neurodevelopmental conditions and disorders. The NDR2 gene encodes a protein kinase important for neuronal development and is part of a microduplication region on chromosome 12 that is associated with intellectual disabilities, autism, and epilepsy. We developed a conditional transgenic mouse with increased Ndr2 expression in postmigratory forebrain neurons to study the consequences of an increased gene dosage of this Hippo pathway kinase on brain circuitry and cognitive functions. Our analysis reveals reduced terminal fields and synaptic transmission of hippocampal mossy fibers, altered hippocampal network activity, and deficits in mossy fiber-dependent behaviors. Reduced doublecortin expression and protein interactome analysis indicate that transgenic Ndr2 disturbs the maturation of granule cells in the dentate gyrus. Together, our data suggest that increased expression of Ndr2 may critically contribute to the development of intellectual disabilities upon gene amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz A. Madencioglu
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Gürsel Çalışkan
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, 39102Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Pingan Yuanxiang
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39112Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kati Rehberg
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Yunus E. Demiray
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Emre Kul
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Engler
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke-University, 39120Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hussam Hayani
- Molecular Neuroplasticity Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 39120Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jorge R. Bergado-Acosta
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, 39102Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anne Kummer
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Iris Müller
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, 39102Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Inseon Song
- Molecular Neuroplasticity Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 39120Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Dityatev
- Molecular Neuroplasticity Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 39120Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, 39102Magdeburg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University, 39120Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thilo Kähne
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke-University, 39120Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, 39102Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael R. Kreutz
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39112Magdeburg, Germany
- Leibniz Group 'Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function', University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, 20251Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, 39102Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Stork
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, 39102Magdeburg, Germany
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13
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Miningou Zobon NT, Jędrzejewska-Szmek J, Blackwell KT. Temporal pattern and synergy influence activity of ERK signaling pathways during L-LTP induction. eLife 2021; 10:e64644. [PMID: 34374340 PMCID: PMC8363267 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-lasting long-term potentiation (L-LTP) is a cellular mechanism of learning and memory storage. Studies have demonstrated a requirement for extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation in L-LTP produced by a diversity of temporal stimulation patterns. Multiple signaling pathways converge to activate ERK, with different pathways being required for different stimulation patterns. To answer whether and how different temporal patterns select different signaling pathways for ERK activation, we developed a computational model of five signaling pathways (including two novel pathways) leading to ERK activation during L-LTP induction. We show that calcium and cAMP work synergistically to activate ERK and that stimuli given with large intertrial intervals activate more ERK than shorter intervals. Furthermore, these pathways contribute to different dynamics of ERK activation. These results suggest that signaling pathways with different temporal sensitivities facilitate ERK activation to diversity of temporal patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanna Jędrzejewska-Szmek
- Laboratory of Neuroinformatic, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
| | - Kim T Blackwell
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Bioengineering Department, George Mason UniversityFairfaxUnited States
- Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason UniversityFairfaxUnited States
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14
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Różyk-Myrta A, Brodziak A, Muc-Wierzgoń M. Neural Circuits, Microtubule Processing, Brain's Electromagnetic Field-Components of Self-Awareness. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11080984. [PMID: 34439603 PMCID: PMC8393322 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11080984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The known theories discussing the essence of consciousness have been recently updated. This prompts an attempt to integrate these explanations concerning several distinct components of the consciousness phenomenon such as the ego, and qualia perceptions. Therefore, it is useful to consider the latest publications on the ‘Orch OR’ and ‘cemi’ theories, which assume that quantum processing occurs in microtubules and that the brain’s endogenous electromagnetic field is important. The authors combine these explanations with their own theory describing the neural circuits realizing imagery. They try to present such an interdisciplinary, integrated theoretical model in a manner intuitively understandable to people with a typical medical education. In order to do this, they even refer to intuitively understandable metaphors. The authors maintain that an effective comprehension of consciousness is important for health care professionals because its disorders are frequent medical symptoms in emergencies, during general anesthesia and in the course of cognitive disorders in elderly people. The authors emphasize the current possibilities to verify these theses regarding the essence of consciousness thanks to the development of functional brain imaging methods—magnetoencephalography, transcranial magnetic stimulation—as well as clinical studies on the modification of perceptions and feelings by such techniques as mindfulness and the use of certain psychoactive substances, especially among people with self-awareness and identity disorders.
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15
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Rodrigues NC, Silva-Cruz A, Caulino-Rocha A, Bento-Oliveira A, Alexandre Ribeiro J, Cunha-Reis D. Hippocampal CA1 theta burst-induced LTP from weaning to adulthood: Cellular and molecular mechanisms in young male rats revisited. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:5272-5292. [PMID: 34251729 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a highly studied cellular process, yet determining the transduction and gamma aminobutyric acid (GABAergic) pathways that are the essential versus modulatory for LTP elicited by theta burst stimulation (TBS) in the hippocampal Cornu Ammonis 1 (CA1) area is still elusive, due to the use of different TBS intensities, patterns or different rodent/cellular models. We now characterised the developmental maturation and the transduction and GABAergic pathways required for mild TBS-induced LTP in hippocampal CA1 area in male rats. LTP induced by TBS (5x4) (five bursts of four pulses delivered at 100 Hz) lasted for up to 3 h and was increasingly larger from weaning to adulthood. Stronger TBS patterns - TBS (15x4) or three TBS (15x4) separated by 6 min induced nearly maximal LTP not being the best choice to study the value of LTP-enhancing drugs. LTP induced by TBS (5x4) in young adults was fully dependent on N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) activity but independent of protein kinase A (PKA) or protein kinase C (PKC) activity. Furthermore, it was partially dependent on GABAB receptor activation and was potentiated by GABAA receptor blockade and less by GAT-1 transporter blockade. AMPA GluA1 phosphorylation on Ser831 (CaMKII target) but not GluA1 Ser845 (PKA target) was essential for LTP expression. The phosphorylation of the Kv4.2 channel was observed at Ser438 (CaMKII target) but not at Thr602 or Thr607 (ERK/MAPK pathway target). This suggests that cellular kinases like PKA, PKC, or kinases of the ERK/MAPK family although important modulators of TBS (5x4)-induced LTP may not be essential for its expression in the CA1 area of the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Armando Silva-Cruz
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Unidade de Neurociências, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Caulino-Rocha
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,BioISI-Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andreia Bento-Oliveira
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,BioISI-Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joaquim Alexandre Ribeiro
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Unidade de Neurociências, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Diana Cunha-Reis
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Unidade de Neurociências, Lisbon, Portugal.,Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,BioISI-Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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16
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Svrakic DM, Zorumski CF. Neuroscience of Object Relations in Health and Disorder: A Proposal for an Integrative Model. Front Psychol 2021; 12:583743. [PMID: 33790822 PMCID: PMC8005655 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.583743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the neuroscience of episodic memory provide a framework to integrate object relations theory, a psychoanalytic model of mind development, with potential neural mechanisms. Object relations are primordial cognitive-affective units of the mind derived from survival- and safety-level experiences with caretakers during phase-sensitive periods of infancy and toddlerhood. Because these are learning experiences, their neural substrate likely involves memory, here affect-enhanced episodic memory. Inaugural object relations are encoded by the hippocampus-amygdala synaptic plasticity, and systems-consolidated by medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Self- and object-mental representations, extracted from these early experiences, are at first dichotomized by contradictory affects evoked by frustrating and rewarding interactions ("partial object relations"). Such affective dichotomization appears to be genetically hardwired the amygdala. Intrinsic propensity of mPFC to form schematic frameworks for episodic memories may pilot non-conscious integration of dichotomized mental representations in neonates and infants. With the emergence of working memory in toddlers, an activated self- and object-representation of a particular valence can be juxtaposed with its memorized opposites creating a balanced cognitive-affective frame (conscious "integration of object relations"). Specific events of object relations are forgotten but nevertheless profoundly influence the mental future of the individual, acting (i) as implicit schema-affect templates that regulate attentional priorities, relevance, and preferential assimilation of new information based on past experience, and (ii) as basic units of experience that are, under normal circumstances, integrated as attractors or "focal points" for interactive self-organization of functional brain networks that underlie the mind. A failure to achieve integrated object relations is predictive of poor adult emotional and social outcomes, including personality disorder. Cognitive, cellular-, and systems-neuroscience of episodic memory appear to support key postulates of object relations theory and help elucidate neural mechanisms of psychodynamic psychotherapy. Derived through the dual prism of psychoanalysis and neuroscience, the gained insights may offer new directions to enhance mental health and improve treatment of multiple forms of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragan M. Svrakic
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Charles F. Zorumski
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
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17
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Therapeutic potential of targeting G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels in the central nervous system. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 223:107808. [PMID: 33476640 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channels (Kir3/GirK) are important for maintaining resting membrane potential, cell excitability and inhibitory neurotransmission. Coupled to numerous G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), they mediate the effects of many neurotransmitters, neuromodulators and hormones contributing to the general homeostasis and particular synaptic plasticity processes, learning, memory and pain signaling. A growing number of behavioral and genetic studies suggest a critical role for the appropriate functioning of the central nervous system, as well as their involvement in many neurologic and psychiatric conditions, such as neurodegenerative diseases, mood disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, epilepsy, alcoholism and drug addiction. Hence, GirK channels emerge as a very promising tool to be targeted in the current scenario where these conditions already are or will become a global public health problem. This review examines recent findings on the physiology, function, dysfunction, and pharmacology of GirK channels in the central nervous system and highlights the relevance of GirK channels as a worthful potential target to improve therapies for related diseases.
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18
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Requena-Komuro MC, Marshall CR, Bond RL, Russell LL, Greaves C, Moore KM, Agustus JL, Benhamou E, Sivasathiaseelan H, Hardy CJD, Rohrer JD, Warren JD. Altered Time Awareness in Dementia. Front Neurol 2020; 11:291. [PMID: 32373055 PMCID: PMC7186333 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Our awareness of time, specifically of longer intervals spanning hours, days, months, and years, is critical for ensuring our sense of self-continuity. Disrupted time awareness over such intervals is a clinical feature in a number of frontotemporal dementia syndromes and Alzheimer's disease, but has not been studied and compared systematically in these diseases. We used a semi-structured caregiver survey to capture time-related behavioral alterations in 71 patients representing all major sporadic and genetic syndromes of frontotemporal dementia, in comparison to 28 patients with typical Alzheimer's disease and nine with logopenic aphasia, and 32 healthy older individuals. Survey items pertained to apparent difficulties ordering past personal events or estimating time intervals between events, temporal rigidity and clockwatching, and propensity to relive past events. We used a logistic regression model including diagnosis, age, gender, and disease severity as regressors to compare the proportions of individuals exhibiting each temporal awareness symptom between diagnostic groups. Gray matter associations of altered time awareness were assessed using voxel-based morphometry. All patient groups were significantly more prone to exhibit temporal awareness symptoms than healthy older individuals. Clinical syndromic signatures were identified. While patients with typical and logopenic Alzheimer's disease most frequently exhibited disturbed event ordering or interval estimation, patients with semantic dementia were most prone to temporal rigidity and clockwatching and those with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia commonly exhibited all these temporal symptoms as well as a propensity to relive past events. On voxel-based morphometry, the tendency to relive past events was associated with relative preservation of a distributed left-sided temporo-parietal gray matter network including hippocampus. These findings reveal a rich and complex picture of disturbed temporal awareness in major dementia syndromes, with stratification of frontotemporal dementia syndromes from Alzheimer's disease. This is the first study to assess symptoms of altered temporal awareness across frontotemporal dementia syndromes and provides a motivation for future work directed to the development of validated clinical questionnaires, analysis of underlying neurobiological mechanisms and design of interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maï-Carmen Requena-Komuro
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charles R Marshall
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca L Bond
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy L Russell
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Greaves
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katrina M Moore
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer L Agustus
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elia Benhamou
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Harri Sivasathiaseelan
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chris J D Hardy
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan D Rohrer
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jason D Warren
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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19
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Çalışkan G, Stork O. Hippocampal network oscillations at the interplay between innate anxiety and learned fear. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:321-338. [PMID: 30417233 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-5109-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus plays a central role as a hub for episodic memory and as an integrator of multimodal sensory information in time and space. Thereby, it critically determines contextual setting and specificity of episodic memories. It is also a key site for the control of innate anxiety states and involved in psychiatric diseases with heightened anxiety and generalized fear memory such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Expression of both innate "unlearned" anxiety and "learned" fear requires contextual processing and engagement of a brain-wide network including the hippocampus together with the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex. Strikingly, the hippocampus is also the site of emergence of oscillatory rhythms that coordinate information processing and filtering in this network. Here, we review data on how the hippocampal network oscillations and their coordination with amygdalar and prefrontal oscillations are engaged in innate threat evaluation. We further explore how such innate oscillatory communication might have an impact on contextualization and specificity of "learned" fear. We illustrate the partial overlap of fear and anxiety networks that are built by the hippocampus in conjunction with amygdala and prefrontal cortex. We further propose that (mal)-adaptive interplay via (dis)-balanced oscillatory communication between the anxiety network and the fear network may determine the strength of fear memories and their resistance to extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gürsel Çalışkan
- Department of Genetics & Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany. .,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Oliver Stork
- Department of Genetics & Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
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