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Bresque M, Esteve D, Pehar M, Vargas MR. Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD +)-Dependent Signaling in Neurological Disorders. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 39:1150-1166. [PMID: 37288742 PMCID: PMC10715441 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) participates in redox reactions and NAD+-dependent signaling processes, which couples the enzymatic degradation of NAD+ to posttranslational modifications of proteins or the production of second messengers. Cellular NAD+ levels are dynamically controlled by synthesis and degradation, and dysregulation of this balance has been associated with acute and chronic neuronal dysfunction. Recent Advances: A decline in NAD+ has been observed during normal aging and since aging is the primary risk factor for many neurological disorders, NAD+ metabolism has become a promising therapeutic target and prolific research field in recent years. Critical Issues: In many neurological disorders, either as a primary feature or as consequence of the pathological process, neuronal damage is accompanied by dysregulated mitochondrial homeostasis, oxidative stress, or metabolic reprogramming. Modulating NAD+ availability appears to have a protective effect against such changes observed in acute neuronal damage and age-related neurological disorders. Such beneficial effects could be, at least in part, due to the activation of NAD+-dependent signaling processes. Future Directions: While in many instances the protective effect has been ascribed to the activation of sirtuins, approaches that directly test the role of sirtuins or that target the NAD+ pool in a cell-type-specific manner may be able to provide further mechanistic insight. Likewise, these approaches may afford greater efficacy to strategies aimed at harnessing the therapeutic potential of NAD+-dependent signaling in neurological disorders. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 39, 1150-1166.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Bresque
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Daniel Esteve
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mariana Pehar
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Geriatric Research Education Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Marcelo R. Vargas
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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2
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Wang Z, Balembois L, Rančić M, Billaud E, Le Dantec M, Ferrier A, Goldner P, Bertaina S, Chanelière T, Esteve D, Vion D, Bertet P, Flurin E. Single-electron spin resonance detection by microwave photon counting. Nature 2023; 619:276-281. [PMID: 37438594 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06097-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Electron spin resonance spectroscopy is the method of choice for characterizing paramagnetic impurities, with applications ranging from chemistry to quantum computing1,2, but it gives access only to ensemble-averaged quantities owing to its limited signal-to-noise ratio. Single-electron spin sensitivity has, however, been reached using spin-dependent photoluminescence3-5, transport measurements6-9 and scanning-probe techniques10-12. These methods are system-specific or sensitive only in a small detection volume13,14, so that practical single-spin detection remains an open challenge. Here, we demonstrate single-electron magnetic resonance by spin fluorescence detection15, using a microwave photon counter at millikelvin temperatures16. We detect individual paramagnetic erbium ions in a scheelite crystal coupled to a high-quality-factor planar superconducting resonator to enhance their radiative decay rate17, with a signal-to-noise ratio of 1.9 in one second integration time. The fluorescence signal shows anti-bunching, proving that it comes from individual emitters. Coherence times up to 3 ms are measured, limited by the spin radiative lifetime. The method has the potential to be applied to arbitrary paramagnetic species with long enough non-radiative relaxation times, and allows single-spin detection in a volume as large as the resonator magnetic mode volume (approximately 10 μm3 in the present experiment), orders of magnitude larger than other single-spin detection techniques. As such, it may find applications in magnetic resonance and quantum computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Wang
- Quantronics group, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, SPEC, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
- Département de Physique et Institut Quantique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - L Balembois
- Quantronics group, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, SPEC, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - M Rančić
- Quantronics group, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, SPEC, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - E Billaud
- Quantronics group, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, SPEC, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - M Le Dantec
- Quantronics group, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, SPEC, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - A Ferrier
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, Paris, France
| | - P Goldner
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, Paris, France
| | - S Bertaina
- CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, IM2NP (UMR 7334), Institut Matériaux Microélectronique et Nanosciences de Provence, Marseille, France
| | - T Chanelière
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, Grenoble, France
| | - D Esteve
- Quantronics group, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, SPEC, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - D Vion
- Quantronics group, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, SPEC, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - P Bertet
- Quantronics group, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, SPEC, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - E Flurin
- Quantronics group, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, SPEC, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
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3
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Muñoz-Rojas G, García-Lorenzo B, Esteve D, Trias S, Caellas D, Sanz M, Mellado R, Peix T, Sampietro-Colom L, Pou N, Martínez-Pallí G, Ferrando C. Implementing a Rapid Response System in a tertiary-care hospital. A cost-effectiveness study. J Clin Monit Comput 2022; 36:1263-1269. [PMID: 35460504 DOI: 10.1007/s10877-022-00859-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The occurrence of adverse events (AE) in hospitalized patients substancially increases the risk of disability or death, having a major negative clinical and economic impact on public health. For early identification of patients at risk and to establish preventive measures, different healthcare systems have implemented rapid response systems (RRS). The aim of this study was to carry out a cost-effectiveness analysis of implementing a RRS in a tertiary-care hospital. METHODS We included all the patients admitted to Hospital Clínic de Barcelona from 1 to 2016 to 31 December 2016. The cost-effectiveness analysis was summarized as the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (incremental cost divided by the incremental effectiveness of the two alternatives, RRS versus non-RRS). The effectiveness of the RRS, defined as improvements in health outcomes (AE, cardiopulmonary arrest and mortality), was obtained from the literature and applied to the included patient cohort. A budget impact analysis on the implementation of the RRS from a hospital perspective was performed over a 5-year time horizon. RESULTS 42,409 patients were included, and 448 (1.05%) had severe AE requiring ICU admission. The cost-effectiveness analysis showed an incremental cost (savings) of EUR - 1,471,101 of RRS versus the non-RRS. The budgetary impact showed a cost reduction of EUR 896,762.00 in the first year and EUR 1,588,579.00 from the second to the fifth year. CONCLUSIONS The present analysis shows the RRS as a dominant, less costly and more effective structure compared to the non-RRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Muñoz-Rojas
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut D'investigació August Pi i Sunyer, C/ Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - B García-Lorenzo
- Assessment of Innovations and New Technologies Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Kronikgune Institute for Health Services Research, Barakaldo, Basque Country, Spain
| | - D Esteve
- Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Trias
- Surgical Area Management, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Caellas
- Information Systems Management, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Sanz
- Infrastructure Management, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Mellado
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut D'investigació August Pi i Sunyer, C/ Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER (Center of Biomedical Research in Respiratory Diseases), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - T Peix
- Surgical Area Management, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Sampietro-Colom
- Assessment of Innovations and New Technologies Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Pou
- Surgical Area Management, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Martínez-Pallí
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut D'investigació August Pi i Sunyer, C/ Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER (Center of Biomedical Research in Respiratory Diseases), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Ferrando
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut D'investigació August Pi i Sunyer, C/ Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER (Center of Biomedical Research in Respiratory Diseases), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Lloret A, Esteve D, Lloret MA, Cervera-Ferri A, Lopez B, Nepomuceno M, Monllor P. When Does Alzheimer's Disease Really Start? The Role of Biomarkers. Focus (Am Psychiatr Publ) 2021; 19:355-364. [PMID: 34690605 DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.19305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
(Appeared originally in Int J Mol Sci 2019, 20 5536).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lloret
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Health Research Institute INCLIVA, Avda. Blasco Ibanez, 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Department of Clinic Neurophysiology. University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibanez, 19, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Department of Human Anatomy and Embriology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Department of Neurology. University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibanez, 19, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel Esteve
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Health Research Institute INCLIVA, Avda. Blasco Ibanez, 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Department of Clinic Neurophysiology. University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibanez, 19, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Department of Human Anatomy and Embriology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Department of Neurology. University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibanez, 19, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria-Angeles Lloret
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Health Research Institute INCLIVA, Avda. Blasco Ibanez, 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Department of Clinic Neurophysiology. University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibanez, 19, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Department of Human Anatomy and Embriology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Department of Neurology. University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibanez, 19, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Cervera-Ferri
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Health Research Institute INCLIVA, Avda. Blasco Ibanez, 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Department of Clinic Neurophysiology. University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibanez, 19, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Department of Human Anatomy and Embriology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Department of Neurology. University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibanez, 19, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Begoña Lopez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Health Research Institute INCLIVA, Avda. Blasco Ibanez, 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Department of Clinic Neurophysiology. University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibanez, 19, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Department of Human Anatomy and Embriology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Department of Neurology. University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibanez, 19, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Mariana Nepomuceno
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Health Research Institute INCLIVA, Avda. Blasco Ibanez, 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Department of Clinic Neurophysiology. University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibanez, 19, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Department of Human Anatomy and Embriology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Department of Neurology. University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibanez, 19, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Paloma Monllor
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Health Research Institute INCLIVA, Avda. Blasco Ibanez, 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Department of Clinic Neurophysiology. University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibanez, 19, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Department of Human Anatomy and Embriology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Department of Neurology. University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibanez, 19, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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5
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Monllor P, Cervera-Ferri A, Lloret MA, Esteve D, Lopez B, Leon JL, Lloret A. Electroencephalography as a Non-Invasive Biomarker of Alzheimer's Disease: A Forgotten Candidate to Substitute CSF Molecules? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10889. [PMID: 34639229 PMCID: PMC8509134 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis are crucial in clinical practice. They should be objective and quantifiable and respond to specific therapeutic interventions. Optimal biomarkers should reflect the underlying process (pathological or not), be reproducible, widely available, and allow measurements repeatedly over time. Ideally, biomarkers should also be non-invasive and cost-effective. This review aims to focus on the usefulness and limitations of electroencephalography (EEG) in the search for Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers. The main aim of this article is to review the evolution of the most used biomarkers in AD and the need for new peripheral and, ideally, non-invasive biomarkers. The characteristics of the EEG as a possible source for biomarkers will be revised, highlighting its advantages compared to the molecular markers available so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Monllor
- CIBERFES, Department of Physiology, Institute INCLIVA, Faculty of Medicine, Health Research University of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibanez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (P.M.); (D.E.)
| | - Ana Cervera-Ferri
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Maria-Angeles Lloret
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibanez, 19, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Daniel Esteve
- CIBERFES, Department of Physiology, Institute INCLIVA, Faculty of Medicine, Health Research University of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibanez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (P.M.); (D.E.)
| | - Begoña Lopez
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibanez, 19, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Jose-Luis Leon
- Ascires Biomedical Group, Department of Neuroradiology, Hospital Clinico Universitario, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Ana Lloret
- CIBERFES, Department of Physiology, Institute INCLIVA, Faculty of Medicine, Health Research University of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibanez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (P.M.); (D.E.)
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6
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Lloret A, Esteve D, Lloret MA, Monllor P, López B, León JL, Cervera-Ferri A. Is Oxidative Stress the Link Between Cerebral Small Vessel Disease, Sleep Disruption, and Oligodendrocyte Dysfunction in the Onset of Alzheimer's Disease? Front Physiol 2021; 12:708061. [PMID: 34512381 PMCID: PMC8424010 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.708061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an early occurrence in the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and one of its proposed etiologic hypotheses. There is sufficient experimental evidence supporting the theory that impaired antioxidant enzymatic activity and increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) take place in this disease. However, the antioxidant treatments fail to stop its advancement. Its multifactorial condition and the diverse toxicological cascades that can be initiated by ROS could possibly explain this failure. Recently, it has been suggested that cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) contributes to the onset of AD. Oxidative stress is a central hallmark of CSVD and is depicted as an early causative factor. Moreover, data from various epidemiological and clinicopathological studies have indicated a relationship between CSVD and AD where endothelial cells are a source of oxidative stress. These cells are also closely related to oligodendrocytes, which are, in particular, sensitive to oxidation and lead to myelination being compromised. The sleep/wake cycle is another important control in the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of oligodendrocytes, and sleep loss reduces myelin thickness. Moreover, sleep plays a crucial role in resistance against CSVD, and poor sleep quality increases the silent markers of this vascular disease. Sleep disruption is another early occurrence in AD and is related to an increase in oxidative stress. In this study, the relationship between CSVD, oligodendrocyte dysfunction, and sleep disorders is discussed while focusing on oxidative stress as a common occurrence and its possible role in the onset of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lloret
- INCLIVA, CIBERFES, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel Esteve
- INCLIVA, CIBERFES, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Angeles Lloret
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Paloma Monllor
- INCLIVA, CIBERFES, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Begoña López
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Luis León
- Departament of Neuroradiology, Ascires Biomedical Group, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Cervera-Ferri
- Department of Anatomy and Human Embryology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Villafranca-Faus M, Vila-Martín ME, Esteve D, Merino E, Teruel-Sanchis A, Cervera-Ferri A, Martínez-Ricós J, Lloret A, Lanuza E, Teruel-Martí V. Integrating pheromonal and spatial information in the amygdalo-hippocampal network. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5286. [PMID: 34489431 PMCID: PMC8421364 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25442-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Vomeronasal information is critical in mice for territorial behavior. Consequently, learning the territorial spatial structure should incorporate the vomeronasal signals indicating individual identity into the hippocampal cognitive map. In this work we show in mice that navigating a virtual environment induces synchronic activity, with causality in both directionalities, between the vomeronasal amygdala and the dorsal CA1 of the hippocampus in the theta frequency range. The detection of urine stimuli induces synaptic plasticity in the vomeronasal pathway and the dorsal hippocampus, even in animals with experimentally induced anosmia. In the dorsal hippocampus, this plasticity is associated with the overexpression of pAKT and pGSK3β. An amygdalo-entorhino-hippocampal circuit likely underlies this effect of pheromonal information on hippocampal learning. This circuit likely constitutes the neural substrate of territorial behavior in mice, and it allows the integration of social and spatial information.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Villafranca-Faus
- Neuronal Circuits Laboratory, Dept. of Anatomy and Human Embriology, Faculty of Medicine, University de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Esteban Vila-Martín
- Neuronal Circuits Laboratory, Dept. of Anatomy and Human Embriology, Faculty of Medicine, University de València, Valencia, Spain
- Laboratori de Neuranatomia Funcional, Dept. de Biologia Cel·lular, Fac. CC. Biològiques, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel Esteve
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Health Research Institute INCLIVA, CIBERFES, Valencia, Spain
| | - Esteban Merino
- Neuronal Circuits Laboratory, Dept. of Anatomy and Human Embriology, Faculty of Medicine, University de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Anna Teruel-Sanchis
- Neuronal Circuits Laboratory, Dept. of Anatomy and Human Embriology, Faculty of Medicine, University de València, Valencia, Spain
- Laboratori de Neuranatomia Funcional, Dept. de Biologia Cel·lular, Fac. CC. Biològiques, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Cervera-Ferri
- Neuronal Circuits Laboratory, Dept. of Anatomy and Human Embriology, Faculty of Medicine, University de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Joana Martínez-Ricós
- Neuronal Circuits Laboratory, Dept. of Anatomy and Human Embriology, Faculty of Medicine, University de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Lloret
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Health Research Institute INCLIVA, CIBERFES, Valencia, Spain
| | - Enrique Lanuza
- Neuronal Circuits Laboratory, Dept. of Anatomy and Human Embriology, Faculty of Medicine, University de València, Valencia, Spain.
- Laboratori de Neuranatomia Funcional, Dept. de Biologia Cel·lular, Fac. CC. Biològiques, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Vicent Teruel-Martí
- Neuronal Circuits Laboratory, Dept. of Anatomy and Human Embriology, Faculty of Medicine, University de València, Valencia, Spain.
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8
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Probst S, Zhang G, Rančić M, Ranjan V, Le Dantec M, Zhang Z, Albanese B, Doll A, Liu R, Morton J, Chanelière T, Goldner P, Vion D, Esteve D, Bertet P. Hyperfine spectroscopy in a quantum-limited spectrometer. Magn Reson (Gott) 2020; 1:315-330. [PMID: 37904823 PMCID: PMC10500700 DOI: 10.5194/mr-1-315-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
We report measurements of electron-spin-echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) performed at millikelvin temperatures in a custom-built high-sensitivity spectrometer based on superconducting micro-resonators. The high quality factor and small mode volume (down to 0.2 pL) of the resonator allow us to probe a small number of spins, down to 5 × 10 2 . We measure two-pulse ESEEM on two systems: erbium ions coupled to 183 W nuclei in a natural-abundance CaWO 4 crystal and bismuth donors coupled to residual 29 Si nuclei in a silicon substrate that was isotopically enriched in the 28 Si isotope. We also measure three- and five-pulse ESEEM for the bismuth donors in silicon. Quantitative agreement is obtained for both the hyperfine coupling strength of proximal nuclei and the nuclear-spin concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Probst
- Quantronics group, SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France
| | - Gengli Zhang
- Department of Physics and The Hong Kong Institute of Quantum Information Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Miloš Rančić
- Quantronics group, SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France
| | - Vishal Ranjan
- Quantronics group, SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France
| | - Marianne Le Dantec
- Quantronics group, SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France
| | - Zhonghan Zhang
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Bartolo Albanese
- Quantronics group, SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France
| | - Andrin Doll
- Laboratory of nanomagnetism and oxides, SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France
| | - Ren Bao Liu
- Department of Physics and The Hong Kong Institute of Quantum Information Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - John Morton
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, UK
| | - Thierry Chanelière
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Philippe Goldner
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Denis Vion
- Quantronics group, SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France
| | - Daniel Esteve
- Quantronics group, SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France
| | - Patrice Bertet
- Quantronics group, SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France
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9
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Ranjan V, O'Sullivan J, Albertinale E, Albanese B, Chanelière T, Schenkel T, Vion D, Esteve D, Flurin E, Morton JJL, Bertet P. Multimode Storage of Quantum Microwave Fields in Electron Spins over 100 ms. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:210505. [PMID: 33274991 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.210505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report long coherence times (up to 300 ms) for near-surface bismuth donor electron spins in silicon coupled to a superconducting microresonator, biased at a clock transition. This enables us to demonstrate the partial absorption of a train of weak microwave fields in the spin ensemble, their storage for 100 ms, and their retrieval, using a Hahn-echo-like protocol. Phase coherence and quantum statistics are preserved in the storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Ranjan
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, SPEC, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - J O'Sullivan
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom
| | - E Albertinale
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, SPEC, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - B Albanese
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, SPEC, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - T Chanelière
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - T Schenkel
- Accelerator Technology and Applied Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D Vion
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, SPEC, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - D Esteve
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, SPEC, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - E Flurin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, SPEC, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - J J L Morton
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom
| | - P Bertet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, SPEC, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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10
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Roumiguie M, Toulet A, Esteve D, Manceau C, Mlilhas D, Malavaud B, Muller C. Excessive ectopic accumulation of adipose tissue around the prostate: New risk factor for prostate cancer aggressiveness. EUR UROL SUPPL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(20)33012-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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11
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Ranjan V, Probst S, Albanese B, Doll A, Jacquot O, Flurin E, Heeres R, Vion D, Esteve D, Morton JJL, Bertet P. Pulsed electron spin resonance spectroscopy in the Purcell regime. J Magn Reson 2020; 310:106662. [PMID: 31837553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2019.106662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In EPR, spin relaxation is typically governed by interactions with the lattice or other spins. However, it has recently been shown that given a sufficiently strong spin-resonator coupling and high resonator quality factor, the spontaneous emission of microwave photons from the spins into the resonator can become the main relaxation mechanism, as predicted by Purcell. With increasing attention on the use of microresonators for EPR to achieve high spin-number sensitivity it is important to understand how this novel regime influences measured EPR signals, for example the amplitude and temporal shape of the spin-echo. We study this regime theoretically and experimentally, using donor spins in silicon, under different conditions of spin-linewidth and coupling homogeneity. When the spin-resonator coupling is distributed inhomogeneously, we find that the effective spin-echo relaxation time measured in a saturation recovery sequence strongly depends on the parameters for the detection echo. When the spin linewidth is larger than the resonator bandwidth, the different Fourier components of the spin echo relax with different characteristic times - due to the role of the resonator in driving relaxation - which results in the temporal shape of the echo becoming dependent on the repetition time of the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Ranjan
- Quantronics Group, SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - S Probst
- Quantronics Group, SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - B Albanese
- Quantronics Group, SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - A Doll
- Laboratoire Nanomagnétisme et Oxydes, SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - O Jacquot
- Quantronics Group, SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - E Flurin
- Quantronics Group, SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - R Heeres
- Quantronics Group, SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - D Vion
- Quantronics Group, SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - D Esteve
- Quantronics Group, SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - J J L Morton
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom
| | - P Bertet
- Quantronics Group, SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
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12
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Probst S, Ranjan V, Ansel Q, Heeres R, Albanese B, Albertinale E, Vion D, Esteve D, Glaser SJ, Sugny D, Bertet P. Shaped pulses for transient compensation in quantum-limited electron spin resonance spectroscopy. J Magn Reson 2019; 303:42-47. [PMID: 31003062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In high sensitivity inductive electron spin resonance spectroscopy, superconducting microwave resonators with large quality factors are employed. While they enhance the sensitivity, they also distort considerably the shape of the applied rectangular microwave control pulses, which limits the degree of control over the spin ensemble. Here, we employ shaped microwave pulses compensating the signal distortion to drive the spins faster than the resonator bandwidth. This translates into a shorter echo, with enhanced signal-to-noise ratio. The shaped pulses are also useful to minimize the dead-time of our spectrometer, which allows to reduce the wait time between successive drive pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Probst
- Quantronics Group, SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Vishal Ranjan
- Quantronics Group, SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Quentin Ansel
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, CNRS UMR 6303, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Reinier Heeres
- Quantronics Group, SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Bartolo Albanese
- Quantronics Group, SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Emanuele Albertinale
- Quantronics Group, SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Denis Vion
- Quantronics Group, SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Daniel Esteve
- Quantronics Group, SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Steffen J Glaser
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany; Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstr. 4, D-80799 Munchen, Germany
| | - Dominique Sugny
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, CNRS UMR 6303, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Patrice Bertet
- Quantronics Group, SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
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13
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Lloret A, Monllor P, Esteve D, Cervera-Ferri A, Lloret MA. Obesity as a Risk Factor for Alzheimer's Disease: Implication of Leptin and Glutamate. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:508. [PMID: 31191220 PMCID: PMC6540965 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is known to induce leptin and insulin resistance. Leptin is a peptide hormone synthesized in adipose tissue that mainly regulates food intake. It has been shown that insulin stimulates the production of leptin when adipocytes are exposed to glucose to encourage satiety; while leptin, via a negative feedback, decreases the insulin release and enhances tissue sensitivity to it, leading to glucose uptake for energy utilization or storage. Therefore, resistance to insulin is closely related to leptin resistance. Obesity in middle age has also been related to Alzheimer's disease (AD). In recent years, the relation between impaired leptin signaling pathway and the onset of AD has been studied. In all this context the role of the blood brain barrier (BBB) is crucial. Slow excitotoxicity happens in AD due to an excess of the neurotransmitter glutamate. Since leptin has been shown to regulate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, we want to review the link between these pathological pathways, and how they are affected by other AD triggering factors and its role in the onset of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lloret
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Health Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Paloma Monllor
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Health Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel Esteve
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Health Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Cervera-Ferri
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria-Angeles Lloret
- Department of Clinic Neurophysiology, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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14
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Rolland C, Peugeot A, Dambach S, Westig M, Kubala B, Mukharsky Y, Altimiras C, le Sueur H, Joyez P, Vion D, Roche P, Esteve D, Ankerhold J, Portier F. Antibunched Photons Emitted by a dc-Biased Josephson Junction. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:186804. [PMID: 31144884 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.186804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We show experimentally that a dc biased Josephson junction in series with a high-enough-impedance microwave resonator emits antibunched photons. Our resonator is made of a simple microfabricated spiral coil that resonates at 4.4 GHz and reaches a 1.97 kΩ characteristic impedance. The second order correlation function of the power leaking out of the resonator drops down to 0.3 at zero delay, which demonstrates the antibunching of the photons emitted by the circuit at a rate of 6×10^{7} photons per second. Results are found in quantitative agreement with our theoretical predictions. This simple scheme could offer an efficient and bright single-photon source in the microwave domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rolland
- DSM/IRAMIS/SPEC, CNRS UMR 3680, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - A Peugeot
- DSM/IRAMIS/SPEC, CNRS UMR 3680, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - S Dambach
- Institute for Complex Quantum Systems and IQST, University of Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - M Westig
- DSM/IRAMIS/SPEC, CNRS UMR 3680, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - B Kubala
- Institute for Complex Quantum Systems and IQST, University of Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Y Mukharsky
- DSM/IRAMIS/SPEC, CNRS UMR 3680, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - C Altimiras
- DSM/IRAMIS/SPEC, CNRS UMR 3680, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - H le Sueur
- DSM/IRAMIS/SPEC, CNRS UMR 3680, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - P Joyez
- DSM/IRAMIS/SPEC, CNRS UMR 3680, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - D Vion
- DSM/IRAMIS/SPEC, CNRS UMR 3680, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - P Roche
- DSM/IRAMIS/SPEC, CNRS UMR 3680, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - D Esteve
- DSM/IRAMIS/SPEC, CNRS UMR 3680, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - J Ankerhold
- Institute for Complex Quantum Systems and IQST, University of Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - F Portier
- DSM/IRAMIS/SPEC, CNRS UMR 3680, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
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15
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Parlavecchio O, Altimiras C, Souquet JR, Simon P, Safi I, Joyez P, Vion D, Roche P, Esteve D, Portier F. Erratum: Fluctuation-Dissipation Relations of a Tunnel Junction Driven by a Quantum Circuit [Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 126801 (2015)]. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:049901. [PMID: 29437444 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.049901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.126801.
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16
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Westig M, Kubala B, Parlavecchio O, Mukharsky Y, Altimiras C, Joyez P, Vion D, Roche P, Esteve D, Hofheinz M, Trif M, Simon P, Ankerhold J, Portier F. Emission of Nonclassical Radiation by Inelastic Cooper Pair Tunneling. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 119:137001. [PMID: 29341699 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.137001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We show that a properly dc-biased Josephson junction in series with two microwave resonators of different frequencies emits photon pairs in the resonators. By measuring auto- and intercorrelations of the power leaking out of the resonators, we demonstrate two-mode amplitude squeezing below the classical limit. This nonclassical microwave light emission is found to be in quantitative agreement with our theoretical predictions, up to an emission rate of 2 billion photon pairs per second.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Westig
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - B Kubala
- Institute for Complex Quantum Systems and IQST, University of Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - O Parlavecchio
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Y Mukharsky
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C Altimiras
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - P Joyez
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Vion
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - P Roche
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Esteve
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M Hofheinz
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M Trif
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - P Simon
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - J Ankerhold
- Institute for Complex Quantum Systems and IQST, University of Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - F Portier
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Bienfait A, Pla JJ, Kubo Y, Stern M, Zhou X, Lo CC, Weis CD, Schenkel T, Thewalt MLW, Vion D, Esteve D, Julsgaard B, Mølmer K, Morton JJL, Bertet P. Reaching the quantum limit of sensitivity in electron spin resonance. Nat Nanotechnol 2016; 11:253-257. [PMID: 26657787 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2015.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The detection and characterization of paramagnetic species by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy is widely used throughout chemistry, biology and materials science, from in vivo imaging to distance measurements in spin-labelled proteins. ESR relies on the inductive detection of microwave signals emitted by the spins into a coupled microwave resonator during their Larmor precession. However, such signals can be very small, prohibiting the application of ESR at the nanoscale (for example, at the single-cell level or on individual nanoparticles). Here, using a Josephson parametric microwave amplifier combined with high-quality-factor superconducting microresonators cooled at millikelvin temperatures, we improve the state-of-the-art sensitivity of inductive ESR detection by nearly four orders of magnitude. We demonstrate the detection of 1,700 bismuth donor spins in silicon within a single Hahn echo with unit signal-to-noise ratio, reduced to 150 spins by averaging a single Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill sequence. This unprecedented sensitivity reaches the limit set by quantum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field instead of thermal or technical noise, which constitutes a novel regime for magnetic resonance. The detection volume of our resonator is ∼ 0.02 nl, and our approach can be readily scaled down further to improve sensitivity, providing a new versatile toolbox for ESR at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bienfait
- Quantronics Group, SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - J J Pla
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, UK
| | - Y Kubo
- Quantronics Group, SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M Stern
- Quantronics Group, SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Quantum Nanoelectronics Laboratory, BINA, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - X Zhou
- Quantronics Group, SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- ISEN Department, Institute of Electronics Microelectronics and Nanotechnology, CNRS UMR 8520, Avenue Poincaré, CS 60069, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex 59652, France
| | - C C Lo
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, UK
| | - C D Weis
- Accelerator Technology and Applied Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - T Schenkel
- Accelerator Technology and Applied Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M L W Thewalt
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - D Vion
- Quantronics Group, SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Esteve
- Quantronics Group, SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - B Julsgaard
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, Aarhus C DK-8000, Denmark
| | - K Mølmer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, Aarhus C DK-8000, Denmark
| | - J J L Morton
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, UK
| | - P Bertet
- Quantronics Group, SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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18
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Janvier C, Tosi L, Bretheau L, Girit ÇÖ, Stern M, Bertet P, Joyez P, Vion D, Esteve D, Goffman MF, Pothier H, Urbina C. Coherent manipulation of Andreev states in superconducting atomic contacts. Science 2015; 349:1199-202. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aab2179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Janvier
- Quantronics Group, Service de Physique de l’État Condensé, CNRS UMR 3680, IRAMIS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - L. Tosi
- Quantronics Group, Service de Physique de l’État Condensé, CNRS UMR 3680, IRAMIS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, 8400 Bariloche, Argentina
| | - L. Bretheau
- Quantronics Group, Service de Physique de l’État Condensé, CNRS UMR 3680, IRAMIS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ç. Ö. Girit
- Quantronics Group, Service de Physique de l’État Condensé, CNRS UMR 3680, IRAMIS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M. Stern
- Quantronics Group, Service de Physique de l’État Condensé, CNRS UMR 3680, IRAMIS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - P. Bertet
- Quantronics Group, Service de Physique de l’État Condensé, CNRS UMR 3680, IRAMIS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - P. Joyez
- Quantronics Group, Service de Physique de l’État Condensé, CNRS UMR 3680, IRAMIS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D. Vion
- Quantronics Group, Service de Physique de l’État Condensé, CNRS UMR 3680, IRAMIS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D. Esteve
- Quantronics Group, Service de Physique de l’État Condensé, CNRS UMR 3680, IRAMIS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M. F. Goffman
- Quantronics Group, Service de Physique de l’État Condensé, CNRS UMR 3680, IRAMIS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - H. Pothier
- Quantronics Group, Service de Physique de l’État Condensé, CNRS UMR 3680, IRAMIS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C. Urbina
- Quantronics Group, Service de Physique de l’État Condensé, CNRS UMR 3680, IRAMIS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Barat L, Esteve D, Ventron M, Dettori I, Ferrera-Tourenc V, Chiaroni J. Hémorragie aiguë massive : la délivrance de plasma par décongélation rapide dès la première ligne transfusionnelle est possible. Méthode, retour d’expérience et perspectives. Transfus Clin Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2015.06.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Parlavecchio O, Altimiras C, Souquet JR, Simon P, Safi I, Joyez P, Vion D, Roche P, Esteve D, Portier F. Fluctuation-dissipation relations of a tunnel junction driven by a quantum circuit. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 114:126801. [PMID: 25860764 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.126801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We derive fluctuation-dissipation relations for a tunnel junction driven through a resonator displaying strong quantum fluctuations. We find that the fluctuation-dissipation relations derived for classical external drives hold, provided the effect of the circuit's quantum fluctuations is incorporated into the modified nonlinear current voltage characteristics. We also demonstrate that all quantities measured under a time dependent bias can be reconstructed from their values measured under a dc bias using photoassisted tunneling relations. We confirm these predictions by implementing the circuit and measuring the dc current through the junction, its high frequency admittance, and its current noise at the frequency of the resonator.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Parlavecchio
- SPEC (UMR 3680 CEA-CNRS), CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C Altimiras
- SPEC (UMR 3680 CEA-CNRS), CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - J-R Souquet
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - P Simon
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - I Safi
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - P Joyez
- SPEC (UMR 3680 CEA-CNRS), CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Vion
- SPEC (UMR 3680 CEA-CNRS), CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - P Roche
- SPEC (UMR 3680 CEA-CNRS), CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Esteve
- SPEC (UMR 3680 CEA-CNRS), CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - F Portier
- SPEC (UMR 3680 CEA-CNRS), CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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21
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Stern M, Catelani G, Kubo Y, Grezes C, Bienfait A, Vion D, Esteve D, Bertet P. Flux qubits with long coherence times for hybrid quantum circuits. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:123601. [PMID: 25279628 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.123601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present measurements of superconducting flux qubits embedded in a three dimensional copper cavity. The qubits are fabricated on a sapphire substrate and are measured by coupling them inductively to an on-chip superconducting resonator located in the middle of the cavity. At their flux-insensitive point, all measured qubits reach an intrinsic energy relaxation time in the 6-20 μs range and a pure dephasing time comprised between 3 and 10 μs. This significant improvement over previous works opens the way to the coherent coupling of a flux qubit to individual spins.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Stern
- Quantronics Group, SPEC, IRAMIS, DSM, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - G Catelani
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-2), 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Y Kubo
- Quantronics Group, SPEC, IRAMIS, DSM, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C Grezes
- Quantronics Group, SPEC, IRAMIS, DSM, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A Bienfait
- Quantronics Group, SPEC, IRAMIS, DSM, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Vion
- Quantronics Group, SPEC, IRAMIS, DSM, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Esteve
- Quantronics Group, SPEC, IRAMIS, DSM, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - P Bertet
- Quantronics Group, SPEC, IRAMIS, DSM, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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22
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Altimiras C, Parlavecchio O, Joyez P, Vion D, Roche P, Esteve D, Portier F. Dynamical Coulomb blockade of shot noise. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:236803. [PMID: 24972223 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.236803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We observe the suppression of the finite frequency shot noise produced by a voltage biased tunnel junction due to its interaction with a single electromagnetic mode of high impedance. The tunnel junction is embedded in a λ/4 resonator containing a dense SQUID array providing it with a characteristic impedance in the kΩ range and a resonant frequency tunable in the 4-6 GHz range. Such high impedance gives rise to a sizable Coulomb blockade on the tunnel junction ( 30% reduction in the differential conductance) and allows an efficient measurement of the spectral density of the current fluctuations at the resonator frequency. The observed blockade of shot noise is found in agreement with an extension of the dynamical Coulomb blockade theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Altimiras
- Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé (CNRS URA 2464), IRAMIS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Olivier Parlavecchio
- Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé (CNRS URA 2464), IRAMIS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Philippe Joyez
- Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé (CNRS URA 2464), IRAMIS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Denis Vion
- Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé (CNRS URA 2464), IRAMIS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Patrice Roche
- Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé (CNRS URA 2464), IRAMIS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Daniel Esteve
- Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé (CNRS URA 2464), IRAMIS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Fabien Portier
- Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé (CNRS URA 2464), IRAMIS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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23
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Pothier H, Guéron S, Birge NO, Esteve D, Devoret MH. Erratum to: Energy distribution of electrons in an out-of-equilibrium metallic wire. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s002570050435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Veis M, Zahradnik M, Antos R, Visnovsky S, Lecoeur P, Esteve D, Autier-Laurent S, Renard JP, Beauvillain P. Interface effects and the evolution of ferromagnetism in La 2/3Sr 1/3MnO 3 ultrathin films. Sci Technol Adv Mater 2014; 15:015001. [PMID: 27877643 PMCID: PMC5090604 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/15/1/015001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Pulse laser deposited La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 ultrathin films on SrTiO3 substrates were characterized by polar and longitudinal Kerr magneto-optical spectroscopy. Experimental data were confronted with theoretical simulations based on the transfer matrix formalism. An excellent agreement was achieved for a 10.7 nm thick film, while a distinction in the Kerr effect amplitudes was obtained for a 5 nm thick film. This demonstrated the suppression of ferromagnetism due to the layer/substrate interface effects. A revised, depth-sensitive theoretical model with monolayer resolution described the experimental data well, and provided clear cross-section information about the evolution of ferromagnetism inside the film. It was found that the full restoration of the double-exchange mechanism, responsible for the ferromagnetic ordering in La2/3Sr1/3MnO3, occurs within the first nine monolayers of the film. Moreover, all the studied films exhibited magneto-optical properties similar to bulk crystals and thick films. This confirmed a fully developed perovskite structure down to 5 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Veis
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Ke Karlovu 3, 12116, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - M Zahradnik
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Ke Karlovu 3, 12116, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - R Antos
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Ke Karlovu 3, 12116, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - S Visnovsky
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Ke Karlovu 3, 12116, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Ph Lecoeur
- d'Electronique Fondamentale, IEF/UMR 862, Université Paris Sud XI, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - D Esteve
- d'Electronique Fondamentale, IEF/UMR 862, Université Paris Sud XI, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - S Autier-Laurent
- d'Electronique Fondamentale, IEF/UMR 862, Université Paris Sud XI, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - j-p Renard
- d'Electronique Fondamentale, IEF/UMR 862, Université Paris Sud XI, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - P Beauvillain
- d'Electronique Fondamentale, IEF/UMR 862, Université Paris Sud XI, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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25
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Bretheau L, Girit ÇÖ, Pothier H, Esteve D, Urbina C. Erratum: Exciting Andreev pairs in a superconducting atomic contact. Nature 2014. [DOI: 10.1038/nature12934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Crattelet J, Ghnimi S, Debreyne P, Zaid I, Boukabache A, Esteve D, Auret L, Fillaudeau L. On-line local thermal pulse analysis sensor to monitor fouling and cleaning: Application to dairy product pasteurisation with an ohmic cell jet heater. J FOOD ENG 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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27
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Mejhert N, Wilfling F, Esteve D, Galitzky J, Pellegrinelli V, Kolditz CI, Viguerie N, Tordjman J, Näslund E, Trayhurn P, Lacasa D, Dahlman I, Stich V, Lång P, Langin D, Bouloumié A, Clément K, Rydén M. Semaphorin 3C is a novel adipokine linked to extracellular matrix composition. Diabetologia 2013; 56:1792-801. [PMID: 23666167 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-2931-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Alterations in white adipose tissue (WAT) function, including changes in protein (adipokine) secretion and extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, promote an insulin-resistant state. We set out to identify novel adipokines regulated by body fat mass in human subcutaneous WAT with potential roles in adipose function. METHODS Adipose transcriptome data and secretome profiles from conditions with increased/decreased WAT mass were combined. WAT donors were predominantly women. In vitro effects were assessed using recombinant protein. Results were confirmed by quantitative PCR/ELISA, metabolic assays and immunochemistry in human WAT and adipocytes. RESULTS We identified a hitherto uncharacterised adipokine, semaphorin 3C (SEMA3C), the expression of which correlated significantly with body weight, insulin resistance (HOMA of insulin resistance [HOMAIR], and the rate constant for the insulin tolerance test [KITT]) and adipose tissue morphology (hypertrophy vs hyperplasia). SEMA3C was primarily found in mature adipocytes and had no direct effect on human adipocyte differentiation, lipolysis, glucose transport or the expression of β-oxidation genes. This could in part be explained by the significant downregulation of its cognate receptors during adipogenesis. In contrast, in pre-adipocytes, SEMA3C increased the production/secretion of several ECM components (fibronectin, elastin and collagen I) and matricellular factors (connective tissue growth factor, IL6 and transforming growth factor-β1). Furthermore, the expression of SEMA3C in human WAT correlated positively with the degree of fibrosis in WAT. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION SEMA3C is a novel adipokine regulated by weight changes. The correlation with WAT hypertrophy and fibrosis in vivo, as well as its effects on ECM production in human pre-adipocytes in vitro, together suggest that SEMA3C constitutes an adipocyte-derived paracrine signal that influences ECM composition and may play a pathophysiological role in human WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mejhert
- Department of Medicine, Lipid Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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28
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Ong FR, Boissonneault M, Mallet F, Doherty AC, Blais A, Vion D, Esteve D, Bertet P. Quantum heating of a nonlinear resonator probed by a superconducting qubit. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:047001. [PMID: 25166193 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.047001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We measure the quantum fluctuations of a pumped nonlinear resonator using a superconducting artificial atom as an in situ probe. The qubit excitation spectrum gives access to the frequency and amount of excitation of the intracavity field fluctuations, from which we infer its effective temperature. These quantities are found to be in agreement with theoretical predictions; in particular, we experimentally observe the phenomenon of quantum heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- F R Ong
- Quantronics group, Service de Physique de l'État Condensé (CNRS URA 2464), IRAMIS, DSM, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France and Institute for Quantum Computing, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - M Boissonneault
- Département de Physique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1 and Calcul Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - F Mallet
- Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS (UMR 8551), Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - A C Doherty
- Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - A Blais
- Département de Physique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1
| | - D Vion
- Quantronics group, Service de Physique de l'État Condensé (CNRS URA 2464), IRAMIS, DSM, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Esteve
- Quantronics group, Service de Physique de l'État Condensé (CNRS URA 2464), IRAMIS, DSM, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - P Bertet
- Quantronics group, Service de Physique de l'État Condensé (CNRS URA 2464), IRAMIS, DSM, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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29
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Bourennane W, Charlon Y, Bettahar F, Chan M, Esteve D, Campo E. Ambient Intelligence for Monitoring Alzheimer Patients. International Journal of E-Health and Medical Communications 2013. [DOI: 10.4018/jehmc.2013010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Distributed sensors allow people to be followed in independent living situations. In this paper, the authors present a multisensor system which allows monitoring elderly people in hospital environment. The system is composed of motion infrared sensors installed in the ceiling, presence sensor in bed and ZigBee tags embedded on the person. From data collected on locations and movements of people, the system determines, through learning, the behavior model and lifestyle. Analysis and decision algorithm in integrated systems provide the functionality to choose actions in order to alert surveillance team and help them by providing historical events record. A web application is also set up to display results of data processing allowing caregivers to monitor patient behavior. Here, they present the system architecture, the technology used, and some preliminary results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Bourennane
- Laboratory for Analysis and Architecture of Systems, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Yoann Charlon
- Laboratory for Analysis and Architecture of Systems, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Fehd Bettahar
- Laboratory for Analysis and Architecture of Systems, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Chan
- Laboratory for Analysis and Architecture of Systems, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Daniel Esteve
- Laboratory for Analysis and Architecture of Systems, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Campo
- Laboratory for Analysis and Architecture of Systems, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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30
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Goujon Y, Baron B, Esteve D, Faye MJ, Minaro L, Pommereau P, Rindel D, Talavera MP, Pommereau A. Surveillance des biomarqueurs d’atteinte rénale des salariés exposés à un agent chimique néphrotoxique : étude de faisabilité. ARCH MAL PROF ENVIRO 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.admp.2012.03.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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31
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Dewes A, Ong FR, Schmitt V, Lauro R, Boulant N, Bertet P, Vion D, Esteve D. Characterization of a two-transmon processor with individual single-shot qubit readout. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:057002. [PMID: 22400953 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.057002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report the characterization of a two-qubit processor implemented with two capacitively coupled tunable superconducting qubits of the transmon type, each qubit having its own nondestructive single-shot readout. The fixed capacitive coupling yields the sqrt[iSWAP] two-qubit gate for a suitable interaction time. We reconstruct by state tomography the coherent dynamics of the two-bit register as a function of the interaction time, observe a violation of the Bell inequality by 22 standard deviations after correcting readout errors, and measure by quantum process tomography a gate fidelity of 90%.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dewes
- Quantronics group, Service de Physique de l'État Condensé (CNRS URA 2464), IRAMIS, DSM, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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32
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Kubo Y, Grezes C, Dewes A, Umeda T, Isoya J, Sumiya H, Morishita N, Abe H, Onoda S, Ohshima T, Jacques V, Dréau A, Roch JF, Diniz I, Auffeves A, Vion D, Esteve D, Bertet P. Hybrid quantum circuit with a superconducting qubit coupled to a spin ensemble. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:220501. [PMID: 22182018 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.220501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report the experimental realization of a hybrid quantum circuit combining a superconducting qubit and an ensemble of electronic spins. The qubit, of the transmon type, is coherently coupled to the spin ensemble consisting of nitrogen-vacancy centers in a diamond crystal via a frequency-tunable superconducting resonator acting as a quantum bus. Using this circuit, we prepare a superposition of the qubit states that we store into collective excitations of the spin ensemble and retrieve back into the qubit later on. These results constitute a proof of concept of spin-ensemble based quantum memory for superconducting qubits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kubo
- Quantronics group, SPEC (CNRS URA 2464), IRAMIS, DSM, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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33
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Zgirski M, Bretheau L, Le Masne Q, Pothier H, Esteve D, Urbina C. Evidence for long-lived quasiparticles trapped in superconducting point contacts. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 106:257003. [PMID: 21770665 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.257003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We have observed that the supercurrent across phase-biased, highly transmitting atomic size contacts is strongly reduced within a broad phase interval around π. We attribute this effect to quasiparticle trapping in one of the discrete subgap Andreev bound states formed at the contact. Trapping occurs essentially when the Andreev energy is smaller than half the superconducting gap Δ, a situation in which the lifetime of trapped quasiparticles is found to exceed 100 μs. The origin of this sharp energy threshold is presently not understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zgirski
- Quantronics Group, Service de Physique de l'État Condensé, CNRS, URA 2464, IRAMIS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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34
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Hofheinz M, Portier F, Baudouin Q, Joyez P, Vion D, Bertet P, Roche P, Esteve D. Bright side of the Coulomb blockade. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 106:217005. [PMID: 21699333 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.217005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We explore the photonic (bright) side of the dynamical Coulomb blockade (DCB) by measuring the radiation emitted by a dc voltage-biased Josephson junction embedded in a microwave resonator. In this regime Cooper pair tunneling is inelastic and associated with the transfer of an energy 2eV into the resonator modes. We have measured simultaneously the Cooper pair current and the photon emission rate at the resonance frequency of the resonator. Our results show two regimes, in which each tunneling Cooper pair emits either one or two photons into the resonator. The spectral properties of the emitted radiation are accounted for by an extension to DCB theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hofheinz
- Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé (CNRS URA 2464), IRAMIS, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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35
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Ong FR, Boissonneault M, Mallet F, Palacios-Laloy A, Dewes A, Doherty AC, Blais A, Bertet P, Vion D, Esteve D. Circuit QED with a nonlinear resonator: ac-Stark shift and dephasing. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 106:167002. [PMID: 21599402 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.167002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We have performed spectroscopic measurements of a superconducting qubit dispersively coupled to a nonlinear resonator driven by a pump microwave field. Measurements of the qubit frequency shift provide a sensitive probe of the intracavity field, yielding a precise characterization of the resonator nonlinearity. The qubit linewidth has a complex dependence on the pump frequency and amplitude, which is correlated with the gain of the nonlinear resonator operated as a small-signal amplifier. The corresponding dephasing rate is found to be close to the quantum limit in the low-gain limit of the amplifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- F R Ong
- Service de Physique de l'État Condensé (CNRS URA 2464), IRAMIS, DSM, CEA-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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36
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Campo E, Chan M, Bourennane W, Esteve D. Behaviour monitoring of the elderly by trajectories analysis. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2010; 2010:2230-3. [PMID: 21096792 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2010.5627371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a way to keep the elderly autonomous in their daily activities. The principle is to monitor their behaviour and more specifically their trajectories of movement in the living area. Two methods have been developed and compared: supervised and unsupervised classification. Some results from data collected in a long-stay setting are shown. They highlight the possibility of determining normal trajectory classes, and by comparison with the usual situation, to trigger alarms when the trajectories are unusual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Campo
- LAAS-CNRS Laboratoire d'Analyse et d'Architecture des Systèmes, Toulouse, France.
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37
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Kubo Y, Ong FR, Bertet P, Vion D, Jacques V, Zheng D, Dréau A, Roch JF, Auffeves A, Jelezko F, Wrachtrup J, Barthe MF, Bergonzo P, Esteve D. Strong coupling of a spin ensemble to a superconducting resonator. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:140502. [PMID: 21230818 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.140502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report the realization of a quantum circuit in which an ensemble of electronic spins is coupled to a frequency tunable superconducting resonator. The spins are nitrogen-vacancy centers in a diamond crystal. The achievement of strong coupling is manifested by the appearance of a vacuum Rabi splitting in the transmission spectrum of the resonator when its frequency is tuned through the nitrogen-vacancy center electron spin resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kubo
- Quantronics group, SPEC (CNRS URA 2464), IRAMIS, DSM, CEA, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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38
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Le Masne Q, Pothier H, Birge NO, Urbina C, Esteve D. Asymmetric noise probed with a josephson junction. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 102:067002. [PMID: 19257625 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.067002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Fluctuations of the current through a tunnel junction are measured using a Josephson junction. The current noise adds to the bias current of the Josephson junction and affects its switching out of the supercurrent branch. The experiment is carried out in a regime where switching is determined by thermal activation. The variance of the noise results in an elevated effective temperature, whereas the third cumulant, related to its asymmetric character, leads to a difference in the switching rates observed for opposite signs of the current through the tunnel junction. Measurements are compared quantitatively with recent theoretical predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Le Masne
- Quantronics group, Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé (CNRS URA 2464), CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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39
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le Sueur H, Joyez P, Pothier H, Urbina C, Esteve D. Phase controlled superconducting proximity effect probed by tunneling spectroscopy. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:197002. [PMID: 18518479 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.197002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Using a dual-mode STM-AFM microscope operating below 50 mK we measured the local density of states along small normal wires connected at both ends to superconductors with different phases. We observe that a uniform minigap can develop in the whole normal wire and in the superconductors near the interfaces. The minigap depends periodically on the phase difference. The quasiclassical theory of superconductivity applied to a simplified 1D model geometry accounts well for the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- H le Sueur
- Quantronics Group, Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé (CNRS URA 2464), CEA-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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40
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Nguyen F, Boulant N, Ithier G, Bertet P, Pothier H, Vion D, Esteve D. Current to frequency conversion in a Josephson circuit. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:187005. [PMID: 17995431 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.187005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The voltage oscillations which occur in an ideally current-biased Josephson junction were proposed to make a current standard for metrology. We demonstrate similar oscillations in a more complex Josephson circuit derived from the Cooper pair box: the quantronium. When a constant current I is injected in the gate capacitor of this device, oscillations develop at the frequency f(B)=I/2e, with e the electron charge. We detect these oscillations through the sidebands induced at multiples of f(B) in the spectrum of a microwave signal reflected on the circuit, up to currents I exceeding 100 pA. We discuss the potential interest of this current-to-frequency conversion experiment for metrology.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Nguyen
- Quantronics Group, Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé (CNRS URA 2464), DSM/DRECAM/SPEC, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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41
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Della Rocca ML, Chauvin M, Huard B, Pothier H, Esteve D, Urbina C. Measurement of the current-phase relation of superconducting atomic contacts. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:127005. [PMID: 17930546 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.127005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We have probed the current-phase relation of an atomic contact placed with a tunnel junction in a small superconducting loop. The measurements are in quantitative agreement with the predictions of a resistively shunted SQUID model in which the Josephson coupling of the contact is calculated using the independently determined transmissions of its conduction channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Della Rocca
- Quantronics group, Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé (CNRS URA 2464) DSM/DRECAM, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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42
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Chauvin M, vom Stein P, Esteve D, Urbina C, Cuevas JC, Yeyati AL. Crossover from Josephson to multiple Andreev reflection currents in atomic contacts. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:067008. [PMID: 17930862 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.067008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2006] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The basic current-carrying mechanism through a superconducting weak link embedded in a resistive environment undergoes a continuous crossover, as the voltage increases, from Josephson Cooper pair transfer exciting electromagnetic modes in the environment to multiple Andreev reflections leading to the creation of quasiparticles. We corroborate these ideas through measurements of the dc current-voltage characteristics of superconducting atomic contacts containing channels of arbitrary and adjustable transmission. We present a simple model, in the spirit of the classical resistively shunted junction model, that accounts well for the observed characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chauvin
- Quantronics Group, Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé (CNRS URA 2464), DSM/DRECAM/SPEC, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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43
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Chauvin M, vom Stein P, Pothier H, Joyez P, Huber ME, Esteve D, Urbina C. Superconducting atomic contacts under microwave irradiation. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 97:067006. [PMID: 17026194 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.067006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We have measured the effect of microwave irradiation on the dc current-voltage characteristics of superconducting atomic contacts. The interaction of the external field with the ac supercurrents leads to replicas of the supercurrent peak, the well-known Shapiro resonances. The observation of supplementary fractional resonances for contacts containing highly transmitting conduction channels reveals their nonsinusoidal current-phase relation. The resonances sit on a background current which is itself deeply modified, as a result of photon-assisted multiple Andreev reflections. The results provide firm support for the full quantum theory of transport between two superconductors based on the concept of Andreev bound states.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chauvin
- Quantronics Group, Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé (CNRS URA 2464), DSM/DRECAM, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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44
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Huard B, Anthore A, Birge NO, Pothier H, Esteve D. Effect of magnetic impurities on energy exchange between electrons. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 95:036802. [PMID: 16090763 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.036802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In order to probe quantitatively the effect of Kondo impurities on energy exchange between electrons in metals, we have compared measurements on two silver wires with dilute magnetic impurities (manganese) introduced in one of them. The measurement of the temperature dependence of the electron phase coherence time on the wires provides an independent determination of the impurity concentration. Quantitative agreement on the energy exchange rate is found with a theory by Göppert et al. that accounts for Kondo scattering of electrons on spin-1/2 impurities.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Huard
- Quantronics Group, Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé, DRECAM, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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45
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Ithier G, Collin E, Joyez P, Vion D, Esteve D, Ankerhold J, Grabert H. Zener enhancement of quantum tunneling in a two-level superconducting circuit. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 94:057004. [PMID: 15783681 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.057004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the macroscopic quantum tunneling (MQT) of the phase across a Josephson junction embedded in a superconducting circuit. This system is equivalent to a spin 1/2 particle in a potential energy well. The MQT escape rate of such a particle was recently predicted to be strongly modified when a crossing of its inner Zeeman levels occurs while tunneling. In this regime, we observe a significant enhancement of the MQT rate and compare it to theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ithier
- Quantronics group, Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé, DSM/DRECAM, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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46
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Siddiqi I, Vijay R, Pierre F, Wilson CM, Frunzio L, Metcalfe M, Rigetti C, Schoelkopf RJ, Devoret MH, Vion D, Esteve D. Direct observation of dynamical bifurcation between two driven oscillation states of a Josephson junction. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 94:027005. [PMID: 15698220 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.027005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We performed a novel phase-sensitive microwave reflection experiment which directly probes the dynamics of the Josephson plasma resonance in both the linear and the nonlinear regime. When the junction was driven below the plasma frequency into the nonlinear regime, we observed for the first time the transition between two different dynamical states predicted for nonlinear systems. In our experiment, this transition appears as an abrupt change in the reflected signal phase at a critical excitation power. This controlled dynamical switching can form the basis of a sensitive amplifier, in particular, for the readout of superconducting qubits.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Siddiqi
- Departments of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8284, USA
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47
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Collin E, Ithier G, Aassime A, Joyez P, Vion D, Esteve D. NMR-like control of a quantum bit superconducting circuit. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 93:157005. [PMID: 15524928 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.157005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Coherent superpositions of quantum states have already been demonstrated in different superconducting circuits based on Josephson junctions. These circuits are now considered for implementing quantum bits. We report on experiments in which the state of a qubit circuit, the quantronium, is efficiently manipulated using methods inspired from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR): multipulse sequences are used to perform arbitrary operations, to improve their accuracy, and to fight decoherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Collin
- Quantronics group, Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé, DSM/DRECAM, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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48
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Van Meer F, Esteve D. Microtechnology applications for medical instrumentation. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2004; 50:301-8. [PMID: 15209352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The recent progresses in microtechnologies open new possibilities in terms of design, cost reductions, improve performances and, moreover, open new fields of applications in surgical instrumentation. Microtechnology techniques will lead to reconsider the design of medical instrumentation. Surgical tools should not be thought as mechanical systems but as surgical components ("surgical chips") designed with micro-technologies and including microsensors/microactuactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Van Meer
- Laboratoire d'Analyse et d'Architecture des Systèmes (CNRS), 7 avenue du Colonel Roche, 31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France.
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49
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Abstract
We have measured the tunneling density of states (DOS) in a superconductor carrying a supercurrent or exposed to an external magnetic field. The pair correlations are weakened by the supercurrent, leading to a modification of the DOS and to a reduction of the gap. As predicted by the theory of superconductivity in diffusive metals, we find that this effect is similar to that of an external magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Anthore
- Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé, Direction des Sciences de la Matière, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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50
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Anthore A, Pierre F, Pothier H, Esteve D. Magnetic-field-dependent quasiparticle energy relaxation in mesoscopic wires. Phys Rev Lett 2003; 90:076806. [PMID: 12633262 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.90.076806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In order to find out if magnetic impurities can mediate interactions between quasiparticles in metals, we have measured the effect of a magnetic field B on the energy distribution function f(E) of quasiparticles in two silver wires driven out of equilibrium by a bias voltage U. In a sample showing sharp distributions at B=0, no magnetic field effect is found, whereas, in the other sample, rounded distributions at low magnetic field get sharper as B is increased, with a characteristic field proportional to U. Comparison is made with recent calculations of the effect of magnetic-impurities-mediated interactions taking into account Kondo physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Anthore
- Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé, Direction des Sciences de la Matière, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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