1
|
Patrick MB, Preveza NJ, Kincaid SE, Setenet G, Abraham JR, Cummings A, Banani S, Ray WK, Helm RF, Trask S, Jarome TJ. Dysregulation of baseline and learning-dependent protein degradation in the aged hippocampus. Brain Res Bull 2024; 215:111015. [PMID: 38879089 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) controls the majority of protein degradation in cells and dysregulation of the UPS has been implicated in the pathophysiology of numerous neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. Further, strong evidence supports a critical role for the UPS in synaptic plasticity and memory formation. However, while proteasome function is known to decrease broadly in the brain across the lifespan, whether it changes in the hippocampus, a region critical for memory storage and among the first impacted in Alzheimer's disease, at rest and following learning in the aged brain remains unknown. Further, which proteins have altered targeting for protein degradation in the aged hippocampus has yet to be explored and whether learning in advanced age interacts with changes in ubiquitin-proteasome function across the lifespan remains unknown. Here, using proteasome activity assays and unbiased proteomic analyses, we report age-dependent changes in proteasome activity and degradation-specific K48 polyubiquitin protein targeting in the hippocampus and retrosplenial cortex of male and female rats across the lifespan. In the hippocampus, the targets of altered protein degradation were involved in transcription and astrocyte structure or G-protein and Interferon signaling in males and females, respectively. Importantly, we found that contextual fear conditioning led to an increase in proteasome activity and K48 polyubiquitin protein targeting in the hippocampus of aged male rats, a result in direct contrast to what was previously reported in young adult animals. Together, these data suggest that changes in protein degradation in the hippocampus across the lifespan may be contributing to age-related memory loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan B Patrick
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Natalie J Preveza
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Shannon E Kincaid
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Gueladouan Setenet
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Jennifer R Abraham
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Adam Cummings
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Shifa Banani
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - W Keith Ray
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Richard F Helm
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Sydney Trask
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Timothy J Jarome
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA; School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Aerts T, Boonen A, Geenen L, Stulens A, Masin L, Pancho A, Francis A, Pepermans E, Baggerman G, Van Roy F, Wöhr M, Seuntjens E. Altered socio-affective communication and amygdala development in mice with protocadherin10-deficient interneurons. Open Biol 2024; 14:240113. [PMID: 38889770 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.240113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental conditions associated with deficits in social interaction and communication, together with repetitive behaviours. The cell adhesion molecule protocadherin10 (PCDH10) is linked to ASD in humans. Pcdh10 is expressed in the nervous system during embryonic and early postnatal development and is important for neural circuit formation. In mice, strong expression of Pcdh10 in the ganglionic eminences and in the basolateral complex (BLC) of the amygdala was observed at mid and late embryonic stages, respectively. Both inhibitory and excitatory neurons expressed Pcdh10 in the BLC at perinatal stages and vocalization-related genes were enriched in Pcdh10-expressing neurons in adult mice. An epitope-tagged Pcdh10-HAV5 mouse line revealed endogenous interactions of PCDH10 with synaptic proteins in the young postnatal telencephalon. Nuanced socio-affective communication changes in call emission rates, acoustic features and call subtype clustering were primarily observed in heterozygous pups of a conditional knockout (cKO) with selective deletion of Pcdh10 in Gsh2-lineage interneurons. These changes were less prominent in heterozygous ubiquitous Pcdh10 KO pups, suggesting that altered anxiety levels associated with Gsh2-lineage interneuron functioning might drive the behavioural effects. Together, loss of Pcdh10 specifically in interneurons contributes to behavioural alterations in socio-affective communication with relevance to ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tania Aerts
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Division of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Lab of Developmental Neurobiology, KU Leuven , Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Anneleen Boonen
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Division of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Lab of Developmental Neurobiology, KU Leuven , Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Lieve Geenen
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Division of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Lab of Developmental Neurobiology, KU Leuven , Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Anne Stulens
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Division of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Lab of Developmental Neurobiology, KU Leuven , Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Luca Masin
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Division of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Lab of Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven , Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Anna Pancho
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Division of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Lab of Developmental Neurobiology, KU Leuven , Leuven 3000, Belgium
- Developmental Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel , Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Annick Francis
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Division of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Lab of Developmental Neurobiology, KU Leuven , Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Elise Pepermans
- Centre for Proteomics, University of Antwerp , Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Geert Baggerman
- Centre for Proteomics, University of Antwerp , Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Computer Science, University of Antwerp , Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Frans Van Roy
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology; Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent University , Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG) 9000, Belgium
| | - Markus Wöhr
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Research Unit Brain and Cognition, Laboratory of Biological Psychology, Social and Affective Neuroscience Research Group, KU Leuven , Leuven 3000, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute , Leuven 3000, Belgium
- Faculty of Psychology, Experimental and Biological Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience, Philipps-University of Marburg , Marburg 35032, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps-University of Marburg , Marburg 35032, Germany
| | - Eve Seuntjens
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Division of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Lab of Developmental Neurobiology, KU Leuven , Leuven 3000, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute , Leuven 3000, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Leuven Institute for Single Cell Omics , Leuven 3000, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Navabpour S, Farrell K, Kincaid SE, Omar N, Musaus M, Lin Y, Xie H, Jarome TJ. Monoubiquitination of histone H2B is a crucial regulator of the transcriptome during memory formation. Learn Mem 2024; 31:a053912. [PMID: 38580378 PMCID: PMC11000578 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053912.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Posttranslational modification of histone proteins is critical for memory formation. Recently, we showed that monoubiquitination of histone H2B at lysine 120 (H2Bub) is critical for memory formation in the hippocampus. However, the transcriptome controlled by H2Bub remains unknown. Here, we found that fear conditioning in male rats increased or decreased the expression of 86 genes in the hippocampus but, surprisingly, siRNA-mediated knockdown of the H2Bub ligase, Rnf20, abolished changes in all but one of these genes. These findings suggest that monoubiquitination of histone H2B is a crucial regulator of the transcriptome during memory formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Navabpour
- Translational Biology, Medicine and Health Graduate Program, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Kayla Farrell
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Shannon E Kincaid
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Nour Omar
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Madeline Musaus
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Yu Lin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Hehuang Xie
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
- Fralin Life Science Institute at Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Timothy J Jarome
- Translational Biology, Medicine and Health Graduate Program, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bonanno GR, Met Hoxha E, Robinson PK, Ferrara NC, Trask S. Fear Reduced Through Unconditional Stimulus Deflation Is Behaviorally Distinct From Extinction and Differentially Engages the Amygdala. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 3:756-765. [PMID: 37881558 PMCID: PMC10593882 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Context fear memory can be reliably reduced by subsequent pairings of that context with a weaker shock. This procedure shares similarities with extinction learning: both involve extended time in the conditioning chamber following training and reduce context-elicited fear. Unlike extinction, this weak-shock exposure has been hypothesized to engage reconsolidation-like processes that weaken the original memory. Methods We directly compared the weak-shock procedure with extinction using male and female Long Evans rats. Results Both repeated weak-shock exposure and extinction resulted in decreased context freezing relative to animals that received context fear conditioning but no subsequent context exposure. Conditioning with the weak shock was not enough to form a persistent context-shock association on its own, suggesting that the weak-shock procedure does not create a new memory. Weak-shock exposure in a new context can still reduce freezing elicited by the training context, suggesting that it reduces responding through a different process than extinction, which does not transcend context. Finally, reduced fear behavior produced through both extinction and weak-shock exposure was mirrored by reduced zif268 expression in the basolateral amygdala. However, only the weak-shock procedure resulted in changes in lysine-48 polyubiquitin tagging in the synapse of the basolateral amygdala, suggesting that this procedure produced long-lasting changes in synaptic function within the basolateral amygdala. Conclusions These results suggest that the weak-shock procedure does not rely on the creation of a new inhibitory memory, as in extinction, and instead may alter the original representation of the shock to reduce fear responding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Erisa Met Hoxha
- Purdue University Department of Psychological Sciences, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Payton K. Robinson
- Purdue University Department of Psychological Sciences, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Nicole C. Ferrara
- Purdue University Department of Psychological Sciences, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science Discipline of Physiology and Biophysics, North Chicago, Illinois
- Center for Neurobiology of Stress Resilience and Psychiatric Disorders, North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sydney Trask
- Purdue University Department of Psychological Sciences, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, West Lafayette, Indiana
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Patrick MB, Omar N, Werner CT, Mitra S, Jarome TJ. The ubiquitin-proteasome system and learning-dependent synaptic plasticity - A 10 year update. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105280. [PMID: 37315660 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Over 25 years ago, a seminal paper demonstrated that the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) was involved in activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. Interest in this topic began to expand around 2008 following another seminal paper showing that UPS-mediated protein degradation controlled the "destabilization" of memories following retrieval, though we remained with only a basic understanding of how the UPS regulated activity- and learning-dependent synaptic plasticity. However, over the last 10 years there has been an explosion of papers on this topic that has significantly changed our understanding of how ubiquitin-proteasome signaling regulates synaptic plasticity and memory formation. Importantly, we now know that the UPS controls much more than protein degradation, is involved in plasticity underlying drugs of abuse and that there are significant sex differences in how ubiquitin-proteasome signaling is used for memory storage processes. Here, we aim to provide a critical 10-year update on the role of ubiquitin-proteasome signaling in synaptic plasticity and memory formation, including updated cellular models of how ubiquitin-proteasome activity could be regulating learning-dependent synaptic plasticity in the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan B Patrick
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Nour Omar
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Craig T Werner
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA; National Center for Wellness and Recovery, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA.
| | - Swarup Mitra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA.
| | - Timothy J Jarome
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA; School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Farrell K, Musaus M, Auerbach A, Navabpour S, Ray WK, Helm RF, Jarome TJ. Proteasome-independent K63 polyubiquitination selectively regulates ATP levels and proteasome activity during fear memory formation in the female amygdala. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:2594-2605. [PMID: 37198264 PMCID: PMC10615704 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02112-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Females are more likely than males to develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, the neurobiological mechanisms responsible for these sex differences remain elusive. The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is involved in fear memory formation and implicated in PTSD development. Despite this, proteasome-independent functions of the UPS have rarely been studied in the brain. Here, using a combination of molecular, biochemical, proteomic, behavioral, and novel genetic approaches, we investigated the role of proteasome-independent lysine-63 (K63)-polyubiquitination, the second most abundant ubiquitin modification in cells, in the amygdala during fear memory formation in male and female rats. Only females had increased levels of K63-polyubiquitination targeting in the amygdala following fear conditioning, which targeted proteins involved in ATP synthesis and proteasome function. CRISPR-dCas13b-mediated knockdown of K63-polyubiquitination in the amygdala via editing of the K63 codon in the major ubiquitin gene, Ubc, impaired fear memory in females, but not males, and caused a reduction in learning-related increases in ATP levels and proteasome activity in the female amygdala. These results suggest that proteasome-independent K63-polyubiquitination is selectively involved in fear memory formation in the female amygdala, where it is involved in the regulation of ATP synthesis and proteasome activity following learning. This indicates the first link between proteasome-independent and proteasome-dependent UPS functions in the brain during fear memory formation. Importantly, these data are congruent with reported sex differences in PTSD development and may contribute to our understanding of why females are more likely to develop PTSD than males.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Farrell
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Madeline Musaus
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Aubrey Auerbach
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Shaghayegh Navabpour
- Translational Biology, Medicine and Health Graduate Program, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - W Keith Ray
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Richard F Helm
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Timothy J Jarome
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
- Translational Biology, Medicine and Health Graduate Program, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, VA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Farrell K, McFadden T, Jarome TJ. Neuronal and astrocytic protein degradation are critical for fear memory formation. Learn Mem 2023; 30:70-73. [PMID: 36921984 PMCID: PMC10027238 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053716.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Strong evidence has implicated proteasome-mediated protein degradation in the memory consolidation process. However, due to the use of pharmacological approaches, the cell type specificity of this remains unknown. Here, we used neuron-specific and novel astrocyte-specific CRISPR-dCas9-KRAB-MECP2 plasmids to inhibit protein degradation in a cell type-specific manner in the amygdala of male rats. We found that while inhibition of neuronal, but not astrocytic, protein degradation impaired performance during the training session, both resulted in impaired contextual fear memory retention. Together, these data provide the first evidence of a cell type-specific role for protein degradation in the memory consolidation process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Farrell
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Taylor McFadden
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Timothy J Jarome
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Milton AL, Das RK, Merlo E. The challenge of memory destabilisation: From prediction error to prior expectations and biomarkers. Brain Res Bull 2023; 194:100-104. [PMID: 36708846 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The re-ignition of memory reconsolidation research sparked by Karim Nader in the early 2000s led to great excitement that 'reconsolidation-based' interventions might be developed for mental health disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder and substance use disorder. Two decades on, it is clear that reconsolidation-based interventions have been more challenging to translate to the clinic than initially thought. We argue that this challenge could be addressed with a better understanding of how prior expectations interact with information presented in a putative memory reactivation / cue reminder session, and through the identification of non-invasive biomarkers for memory destabilisation that would allow reminder sessions to be 'tuned' to enhance memory lability in an ad hoc manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Milton
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Ravi K Das
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | - Emiliano Merlo
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Farrell K, Auerbach A, Musaus M, Jarome TJ. The epigenetic role of proteasome subunit RPT6 during memory formation in female rats. Learn Mem 2022; 29:256-264. [PMID: 36206393 PMCID: PMC9488026 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053498.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Reports of sex differences in the neurobiology of memory formation are becoming more prevalent. Despite this, much remains unknown about the role of sex in this process. We previously reported the first evidence of a novel epigenetic role for proteasome subunit RPT6 during memory formation in the hippocampus of male rodents whereby it associated with monoubiquitinated histone H2B (H2Bubi). Here, we used molecular, biochemical, and behavioral approaches to investigate whether RPT6 has a similar epigenetic role during memory formation in female rats. Following contextual fear conditioning, we found that RPT6 levels and DNA binding at regions coding for c-fos, the previously identified target of RPT6 in males, were unchanged in the hippocampus of females and that loss of RPT6 did not alter learning-induced increases in c-fos However, RPT6 was in complex with H2Bubi in the female hippocampus and this association increased with fear conditioning, suggesting that it could still retain an epigenetic function. Consistent with this, hippocampal siRNA-mediated knockdown of the RPT6-coding gene, Psmc5, impaired memory in females. These results suggest that while RPT6 does associate with epigenetic H2Bubi during memory formation in both males and females, it has sex-specific gene targets during the memory consolidation process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Farrell
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Aubrey Auerbach
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Madeline Musaus
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Timothy J Jarome
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Beamish SB, Gross KS, Anderson MM, Helmstetter FJ, Frick KM. Sex differences in training-induced activity of the ubiquitin proteasome system in the dorsal hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex of male and female mice. Learn Mem 2022; 29:302-311. [PMID: 36206392 PMCID: PMC9488027 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053492.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is a primary mechanism through which proteins are degraded in cells. UPS activity in the dorsal hippocampus (DH) is necessary for multiple types of memory, including object memory, in male rodents. However, sex differences in DH UPS activation after fear conditioning suggest that other forms of learning may also differentially regulate DH UPS activity in males and females. Here, we examined markers of UPS activity in the synaptic and cytoplasmic fractions of DH and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) tissue collected 1 h following object training. In males, training increased phosphorylation of proteasomal subunit Rpt6, 20S proteasome activity, and the amount of PSD-95 in the DH synaptic fraction, as well as proteasome activity in the mPFC synaptic fraction. In females, training did not affect measures of UPS or synaptic activity in the DH synaptic fraction or in either mPFC fraction but increased Rpt6 phosphorylation in the DH cytoplasmic fraction. Overall, training-induced UPS activity was greater in males than in females, greater in the DH than in the mPFC, and greater in synaptic fractions than in cytosol. These data suggest that object training drives sex-specific alterations in UPS activity across brain regions and subcellular compartments important for memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah B Beamish
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, USA
| | - Kellie S Gross
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, USA
| | - McKenna M Anderson
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, USA
| | - Fred J Helmstetter
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, USA
| | - Karyn M Frick
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gustin A, Navabpour S, Farrell K, Martin K, DuVall J, Keith Ray W, Helm RF, Jarome TJ. Protein SUMOylation is a sex-specific regulator of fear memory formation in the amygdala. Behav Brain Res 2022; 430:113928. [PMID: 35597476 PMCID: PMC10431910 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Strong evidence has implicated ubiquitin signaling in the process of fear memory formation. While less abundant than ubiquitination, evidence suggests that protein SUMOylation may also be involved in fear memory formation in neurons. However, the importance of amygdala protein SUMOylation in fear memory formation has never been directly examined. Furthermore, while recent evidence indicates that males and females differ significantly in the requirement for ubiquitin signaling during fear memory formation, whether sex differences also exist in the importance of protein SUMOylation to this process remains unknown. Here we found that males and females differ in the requirement for protein SUMOylation in the amygdala during fear memory formation. Western blot analysis revealed that while females had higher resting levels of SUMOylation, both sexes showed global increases following fear conditioning. However, SUMOylation-specific proteomic analysis revealed that only females have increased targeting of individual proteins by SUMOylation following fear conditioning, some of which were heat shock proteins. This suggests that protein SUMOylation is more robustly engaged in the amygdala of females following fear conditioning. In vivo siRNA mediated knockdown of Ube2i, the coding gene for the essential E2 ligase for SUMOylation conjugation, in the amygdala impaired fear memory in males without any effect in females. Importantly, higher siRNA concentrations than what was needed to impair memory in males reduced Ube2i levels in the amygdala of females but resulted in an increase in SUMOylation levels, suggesting a compensatory effect in females that was not observed in males. Collectively, these data reveal a novel, sex-specific role for protein SUMOylation in the amygdala during fear memory formation and expand our understanding of how ubiquitin-like signaling regulates memory formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aspen Gustin
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Shaghayegh Navabpour
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Kayla Farrell
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Kiley Martin
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Jessica DuVall
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - W Keith Ray
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Richard F Helm
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Timothy J Jarome
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA; Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, VA, USA; School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jardine KH, Huff AE, Wideman CE, McGraw SD, Winters BD. The evidence for and against reactivation-induced memory updating in humans and nonhuman animals. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 136:104598. [PMID: 35247380 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Systematic investigation of reactivation-induced memory updating began in the 1960s, and a wave of research in this area followed the seminal articulation of "reconsolidation" theory in the early 2000s. Myriad studies indicate that memory reactivation can cause previously consolidated memories to become labile and sensitive to weakening, strengthening, or other forms of modification. However, from its nascent period to the present, the field has been beset by inconsistencies in researchers' abilities to replicate seemingly established effects. Here we review these many studies, synthesizing the human and nonhuman animal literature, and suggest that these failures-to-replicate reflect a highly complex and delicately balanced memory modification system, the substrates of which must be finely tuned to enable adaptive memory updating while limiting maladaptive, inaccurate modifications. A systematic approach to the entire body of evidence, integrating positive and null findings, will yield a comprehensive understanding of the complex and dynamic nature of long-term memory storage and the potential for harnessing modification processes to treat mental disorders driven by pervasive maladaptive memories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen H Jardine
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - A Ethan Huff
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Cassidy E Wideman
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Shelby D McGraw
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Boyer D Winters
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Farrell K, Musaus M, Navabpour S, Martin K, Ray WK, Helm RF, Jarome TJ. Proteomic Analysis Reveals Sex-Specific Protein Degradation Targets in the Amygdala During Fear Memory Formation. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:716284. [PMID: 34658783 PMCID: PMC8511838 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.716284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-proteasome mediated protein degradation has been widely implicated in fear memory formation in the amygdala. However, to date, the protein targets of the proteasome remain largely unknown, limiting our understanding of the functional significance for protein degradation in fear memory formation. Additionally, whether similar proteins are targeted by the proteasome between sexes has yet to be explored. Here, we combined a degradation-specific K48 Tandem Ubiquitin Binding Entity (TUBE) with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS) to identify the target substrates of the protein degradation process in the amygdala of male and female rats following contextual fear conditioning. We found that males (43) and females (77) differed in the total number of proteins that had significant changes in K48 polyubiquitin targeting in the amygdala following fear conditioning. Many of the identified proteins (106) had significantly reduced levels in the K48-purified samples 1 h after fear conditioning, suggesting active degradation of the substrate due to learning. Interestingly, only 3 proteins overlapped between sexes, suggesting that targets of the protein degradation process may be sex-specific. In females, many proteins with altered abundance in the K48-purified samples were involved in vesicle transport or are associated with microtubules. Conversely, in males, proteins involved in the cytoskeleton, ATP synthesis and cell signaling were found to have significantly altered abundance. Only 1 protein had an opposite directional change in abundance between sexes, LENG1, which was significantly enhanced in males while lower in females. This suggests a more rapid degradation of this protein in females during fear memory formation. Interestingly, GFAP, a critical component of astrocyte structure, was a target of K48 polyubiquitination in both males and females, indicating that protein degradation is likely occurring in astrocytes following fear conditioning. Western blot assays revealed reduced levels of these target substrates following fear conditioning in both sexes, confirming that the K48 polyubiquitin was targeting these proteins for degradation. Collectively, this study provides strong evidence that sex differences exist in the protein targets of the degradation process in the amygdala following fear conditioning and critical information regarding how ubiquitin-proteasome mediated protein degradation may contribute to fear memory formation in the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Farrell
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Madeline Musaus
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Shaghayegh Navabpour
- Department of Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Kiley Martin
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - W Keith Ray
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Richard F Helm
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Timothy J Jarome
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States.,School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States.,Department of Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, VA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Martin K, Musaus M, Navabpour S, Gustin A, Ray WK, Helm RF, Jarome TJ. Females, but not males, require protein degradation in the hippocampus for contextual fear memory formation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 28:248-253. [PMID: 34266989 PMCID: PMC8284313 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053429.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Strong evidence supports a role for protein degradation in fear memory formation. However, these data have been largely done in only male animals. Here, we found that following contextual fear conditioning, females, but not males, had increased levels of proteasome activity and K48 polyubiquitin protein targeting in the dorsal hippocampus, the latter of which occurred at chaperones or RNA processing proteins. In vivo CRISPR–dCas9-mediated repression of protein degradation in the dorsal hippocampus impaired contextual fear memory in females, but not males. These results suggest a sex-specific role for protein degradation in the hippocampus during the consolidation of a contextual fear memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiley Martin
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Madeline Musaus
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Shaghayegh Navabpour
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, Virginia 24016, USA
| | - Aspen Gustin
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - W Keith Ray
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Richard F Helm
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Timothy J Jarome
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA.,Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, Virginia 24016, USA.,Department of Animal and Poultry Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Musaus M, Farrell K, Navabpour S, Ray WK, Helm RF, Jarome TJ. Sex-Specific Linear Polyubiquitination Is a Critical Regulator of Contextual Fear Memory Formation. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:709392. [PMID: 34305548 PMCID: PMC8298817 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.709392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Strong evidence supports that protein ubiquitination is a critical regulator of fear memory formation. However, as this work has focused on protein degradation, it is currently unknown whether polyubiquitin modifications that are independent of the proteasome are involved in learning-dependent synaptic plasticity. Here, we present the first evidence that atypical linear (M1) polyubiquitination, the only ubiquitin chain that does not occur at a lysine site and is largely independent of the proteasome, is critically involved in contextual fear memory formation in the amygdala in a sex-specific manner. Using immunoblot and unbiased proteomic analyses, we found that male (49) and female (14) rats both had increased levels of linear polyubiquitinated substrates following fear conditioning, though none of these protein targets overlapped between sexes. In males, target protein functions involved cell junction and axonal guidance signaling, while in females the primary target was Adiponectin A, a critical regulator of neuroinflammation, synaptic plasticity, and memory, suggesting sex-dependent functional roles for linear polyubiquitination during fear memory formation. Consistent with these increases, in vivo siRNA-mediated knockdown of Rnf31, an essential component of the linear polyubiquitin E3 complex LUBAC, in the amygdala impaired contextual fear memory in both sexes without affecting memory retrieval. Collectively, these results provide the first evidence that proteasome-independent linear polyubiquitination is a critical regulator of fear memory formation, expanding the potential roles of ubiquitin-signaling in learning-dependent synaptic plasticity. Importantly, our data identify a novel sex difference in the functional role of, but not a requirement for, linear polyubiquitination in fear memory formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Musaus
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Kayla Farrell
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Shaghayegh Navabpour
- Department of Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - W. Keith Ray
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Richard F. Helm
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Timothy J. Jarome
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- Department of Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, VA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dulka BN, Trask S, Helmstetter FJ. Age-Related Memory Impairment and Sex-Specific Alterations in Phosphorylation of the Rpt6 Proteasome Subunit and Polyubiquitination in the Basolateral Amygdala and Medial Prefrontal Cortex. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:656944. [PMID: 33897408 PMCID: PMC8062735 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.656944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is marked by an accumulation of damaged and modified brain proteins, and the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is important for cellular protein degradation. Recent work has established a critical role for the UPS in memory and synaptic plasticity, but the role of the UPS in age-related cognitive decline remains poorly understood. We trained young, middle-aged, and aged male and female rats using trace fear conditioning (TFC) to investigate the effects of age and sex on memory. We then measured markers of UPS-related protein degradation (phosphorylation of the Rpt6 proteasome regulatory subunit and K48-linked polyubiquitination) using western blots. We found that aged males, but not aged females, showed behavioral deficits at memory retrieval. Aged males also displayed reduced phosphorylation of the Rpt6 proteasome subunit and accumulation of K48 in the basolateral amygdala, while aged females displayed a similar pattern in the medial prefrontal cortex. These findings suggest that markers of UPS function are differentially affected by age and sex in a brain region-dependent manner. Together these results provide an important step toward understanding the UPS and circuit-level differences in aging males and females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brooke N Dulka
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Sydney Trask
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Fred J Helmstetter
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Devulapalli R, Jones N, Farrell K, Musaus M, Kugler H, McFadden T, Orsi SA, Martin K, Nelsen J, Navabpour S, O'Donnell M, McCoig E, Jarome TJ. Males and females differ in the regulation and engagement of, but not requirement for, protein degradation in the amygdala during fear memory formation. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2021; 180:107404. [PMID: 33609735 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2021.107404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, strong evidence has emerged that protein degradation mediated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system is critical for fear memory formation in the amygdala. However, this work has been done primarily in males, leaving unanswered questions about whether females also require protein degradation during fear memory formation. Here, we found that male and female rats differed in their engagement and regulation of, but not need for, protein degradation in the amygdala during fear memory formation. Male, but not female, rats had increased protein degradation in the nuclei of amygdala cells after fear conditioning. Conversely, females had elevated baseline levels of overall ubiquitin-proteasome activity in amygdala nuclei. Gene expression and DNA methylation analyses identified that females had increased baseline expression of the ubiquitin coding gene Uba52, which had increased DNA 5-hydroxymethylation (5hmc) in its promoter region, indicating a euchromatin state necessary for increased levels of ubiquitin in females. Consistent with this, persistent CRISPR-dCas9 mediated silencing of Uba52 and proteasome subunit Psmd14 in the amygdala reduced baseline protein degradation levels and impaired fear memory in male and female rats, while enhancing baseline protein degradation in the amygdala of both sexes promoted fear memory formation. These results suggest that while both males and females require protein degradation in the amygdala for fear memory formation, they differ in their baseline regulation and engagement of this process following learning. These results have important implications for understanding the etiology of sex-related differences in fear memory formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Devulapalli
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Natalie Jones
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Kayla Farrell
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Madeline Musaus
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Hannah Kugler
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Taylor McFadden
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Sabrina A Orsi
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Kiley Martin
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Jacob Nelsen
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Shaghayegh Navabpour
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Madison O'Donnell
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Emmarose McCoig
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Timothy J Jarome
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA; Department of Animal and Poultry Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA; Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, VA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Remodeling without destruction: non-proteolytic ubiquitin chains in neural function and brain disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:247-264. [PMID: 32709994 PMCID: PMC9229342 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0849-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a fundamental posttranslational protein modification that regulates diverse biological processes, including those in the CNS. Several topologically and functionally distinct polyubiquitin chains can be assembled on protein substrates, modifying their fates. The classical and most prevalent polyubiquitin chains are those that tag a substrate to the proteasome for degradation, which has been established as a major mechanism driving neural circuit deconstruction and remodeling. In contrast, proteasome-independent non-proteolytic polyubiquitin chains regulate protein scaffolding, signaling complex formation, and kinase activation, and play essential roles in an array of signal transduction processes. Despite being a cornerstone in immune signaling and abundant in the mammalian brain, these non-proteolytic chains are underappreciated in neurons and synapses in the brain. Emerging studies have begun to generate exciting insights about some fundamental roles played by these non-degradative chains in neuronal function and plasticity. In addition, their roles in a number of brain diseases are being recognized. In this article, we discuss recent advances on these nonconventional ubiquitin chains in neural development, function, plasticity, and related pathologies.
Collapse
|
19
|
Seo JH, Kim TY, Kim SJ, Choi JH, So HS, Kang JI. Possible Association of Polymorphisms in Ubiquitin Specific Peptidase 46 Gene With Post-traumatic Stress Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:663647. [PMID: 34456759 PMCID: PMC8385240 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.663647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Dynamic proteolysis, through the ubiquitin-proteasome system, has an important role in DNA transcription and cell cycle, and is considered to modulate cell stress response and synaptic plasticity. We investigated whether genetic variants in the ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 46 (USP46) would be associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with exposure to combat trauma using a case-control candidate gene association design. Methods: Korean male veterans exposed to the Vietnam War were grouped into those with (n = 128) and without (n = 128) PTSD. Seven tagging SNPs of USP46 were selected, and single-marker and haplotype-based association analyses were performed. All analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic factors and levels of combat exposure severity and alcohol problem. Results: One single-marker (rs2244291) showed nominal evidence of association with PTSD status and with the "re-experiencing" cluster, although the association was not significant after Bonferroni correction. No significant association with the other SNPs or the haplotypes was detected. Conclusion: The present finding suggests preliminarily that genetic vulnerability regarding the ubiquitin-proteasome system may be related to fear memory processes and the development of PTSD symptoms after trauma exposure. Further studies with a larger sample size will be needed to examine the role of the ubiquitin-proteasome system including USP46 in PTSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ho Seo
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine and Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Yong Kim
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine and Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se Joo Kim
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine and Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Hee Choi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyung Seok So
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jee In Kang
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine and Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Navabpour S, Rogers J, McFadden T, Jarome TJ. DNA Double-Strand Breaks Are a Critical Regulator of Fear Memory Reconsolidation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238995. [PMID: 33256213 PMCID: PMC7730899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that following retrieval, a previously consolidated memory requires increased transcriptional regulation in order to be reconsolidated. Previously, it was reported that histone H3 lysine-4 trimethylation (H3K4me3), a marker of active transcription, is increased in the hippocampus after the retrieval of contextual fear memory. However, it is currently unknown how this epigenetic mark is regulated during the reconsolidation process. Furthermore, though recent evidence suggests that neuronal activity triggers DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in some early-response genes, it is currently unknown if DSBs contribute to the reconsolidation of a memory following retrieval. Here, using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analyses, we report a significant overlap between DSBs and H3K4me3 in area CA1 of the hippocampus during the reconsolidation process. We found an increase in phosphorylation of histone H2A.X at serine 139 (H2A.XpS139), a marker of DSB, in the Npas4, but not c-fos, promoter region 5 min after retrieval, which correlated with increased H3K4me3 levels, suggesting that the two epigenetic marks may work in concert during the reconsolidation process. Consistent with this, in vivo siRNA-mediated knockdown of topoisomerase II β, the enzyme responsible for DSB, prior to retrieval, reduced Npas4 promoter-specific H2A.XpS139 and H3K4me3 levels and impaired long-term memory, indicating an indispensable role of DSBs in the memory reconsolidation process. Collectively, our data propose a novel mechanism for memory reconsolidation through increases in epigenetic-mediated transcriptional control via DNA double-strand breaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Navabpour
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Translational Biology, Medicine & Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA;
| | - Jessie Rogers
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
| | - Taylor McFadden
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
| | - Timothy J. Jarome
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Translational Biology, Medicine & Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA;
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-540-231-3520
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Vaverková Z, Milton AL, Merlo E. Retrieval-Dependent Mechanisms Affecting Emotional Memory Persistence: Reconsolidation, Extinction, and the Space in Between. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:574358. [PMID: 33132861 PMCID: PMC7550798 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.574358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Maladaptive emotional memories contribute to the persistence of many mental health disorders, and therefore the prospect of disrupting these memories to produce long-term reductions in relapse is of great clinical appeal. Reducing the impact of maladaptive emotional memories on behaviour could be achieved by two retrieval-dependent manipulations that engage separate mnemonic processes: "reconsolidation disruption" and "extinction enhancement." Extinction occurs during a prolonged re-exposure session in the absence of the expected emotional outcome and is widely accepted as reflecting the formation of a new, inhibitory memory that prevents behavioural expression of the original trace. Reconsolidation, by contrast, involves the destabilisation of the original memory, allowing for subsequent updating and restabilisation in specific brain regions, unless the re-stabilization process is prevented through specific pharmacological or behavioural interventions. Both destabilisation of the original memory and memory extinction require that re-exposure induces prediction error-a mismatch between what is expected and what actually occurs-but the parameters that allow reconsolidation and extinction to occur, and control the transition between them, have not been well-characterised. Here, we review what is known about the induction of memory destabilisation and extinction, and the transition period that separates these mnemonic processes, drawing on preclinical and clinical examples. A deeper understanding of the processes that determine the alternative routes to memory persistence or inhibition is critical for designing new and more reliable clinical treatments targeting maladaptive emotional memories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Vaverková
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Amy L Milton
- Department of Psychology, Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Emiliano Merlo
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Musaus M, Navabpour S, Jarome TJ. The diversity of linkage-specific polyubiquitin chains and their role in synaptic plasticity and memory formation. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2020; 174:107286. [PMID: 32745599 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2020.107286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 20 years, a number of studies have provided strong support for protein degradation mediated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system in synaptic plasticity and memory formation. In this system, target substrates become covalently modified by the small protein ubiquitin through a series of enzymatic reactions involving hundreds of different ligases. While some substrates will acquire only a single ubiquitin, most will be marked by multiple ubiquitin modifications, which link together at specific lysine sites or the N-terminal methionine on the previous ubiquitin to form a polyubiquitin chain. There are at least eight known linkage-specific polyubiquitin chains a target protein can acquire, many of which are independent of the proteasome, and these chains can be homogenous, mixed, or branched in nature, all of which result in different functional outcomes and fates for the target substrate. However, as the focus has remained on protein degradation, much remains unknown about the role of these diverse ubiquitin chains in the brain, particularly during activity- and learning-dependent synaptic plasticity. Here, we review the different types and functions of ubiquitin chains and summarize evidence suggesting a role for these diverse ubiquitin modifications in synaptic plasticity and memory formation. We conclude by discussing how technological limitations have limited our ability to identify and elucidate the role of different ubiquitin chains in the brain and speculate on the future directions and implications of understanding linkage-specific ubiquitin modifications in activity- and learning-dependent synaptic plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Musaus
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Shaghayegh Navabpour
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Timothy J Jarome
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA; Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, VA, USA; Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Dysregulation of protein degradation in the hippocampus is associated with impaired spatial memory during the development of obesity. Behav Brain Res 2020; 393:112787. [PMID: 32603798 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that long-term exposure to high fat and other obesogenic diets results in insulin resistance and altered blood brain barrier permeability, dysregulation of intracellular signaling mechanisms, changes in DNA methylation levels and gene expression, and increased oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus, all of which are associated with impaired spatial memory. The ubiquitin-proteasome system controls the majority of protein degradation in cells and is a critical regulator of synaptic plasticity and memory formation. Yet, whether protein degradation in the hippocampus becomes dysregulated following weight gain and is associated with obesity-induced memory impairments is unknown. Here, we used a high fat diet procedure in combination with behavioral and subcellular fractionation protocols and a variety of biochemical assays to determine if ubiquitin-proteasome activity becomes altered in the hippocampus during obesity development and whether this is associated with impaired spatial memory. We found that only 6 weeks of exposure to a high fat diet was sufficient to impair performance on an object location task in rats and resulted in dynamic dysregulation of ubiquitin-proteasome activity in the nucleus and cytoplasm of cells in the hippocampus. Furthermore, these changes in the protein degradation process extended into cortical regions also involved in spatial memory formation. Collectively, these results indicate that weight gain-induced memory impairments may be due to altered ubiquitin-proteasome signaling that occurs during the early stages of obesity development.
Collapse
|
24
|
Shaler T, Lin H, Bakke J, Chen S, Grover A, Chang P. Particle radiation-induced dysregulation of protein homeostasis in primary human and mouse neuronal cells. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2020; 25:9-17. [PMID: 32414496 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Space particle radiations may cause significant damage to proteins and oxidative stress in the cells within the central nervous system and pose a potential health hazard to humans in long-term manned space explorations. Dysregulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system as evidenced by abnormal accumulation of polyubiquitin (pUb) chain linkages has been implicated in several age-related neurodegenerative disorders by mechanisms that may involve the inter-neuronal spread of toxic misfolded proteins, the induction of chronic neuroinflammation, or the inappropriate inhibition or activation of key enzymes, which could lead to dysfunction in, for example, proteolysis, or the accumulation of post-translationally-modified substrates.In this study, we employed a quantitative proteomics method to evaluate the impact of particle-radiation induced alterations in three major pUb-linked chains at lysine residues Lys-48 (K-48), Lys-63 (K-63), and Lys-11 (K-11), and probed for global proteomic changes in mouse and human neural cells that were irradiated with low doses of 250 MeV proton, 260 MeV/u silicon or 1 GeV/u iron ions. We found significant accumulation in K-48 linkage after 1 Gy protons and K-63 linkage after 0.5 Gy iron ions in human neural cells. Cells derived from different regions of the mouse brain (cortex, striatum and mesencephalon) showed differential sensitivity to particle radiation exposure. Although none of the linkages were altered after proton exposure, both K-48 and K-63 linkages in mouse striatal neuronal cells were elevated after 0.5 Gy of silicon or iron ions. Changes were also seen in proteins commonly used as markers of neural progenitor and stem cells, in DNA binding/damage repair and cellular redox pathways. In contrast, no significant changes were observed at the same time point after proton irradiation. These results suggest that the quality of the particle radiation plays a key role in the level, linkage and cell type specificity of protein homeostasis in key populations of neuronal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Shaler
- SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Park, CA 94025 United States
| | - Hua Lin
- SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Park, CA 94025 United States
| | - James Bakke
- SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Park, CA 94025 United States
| | - Sophia Chen
- SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Park, CA 94025 United States
| | - Amber Grover
- SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Park, CA 94025 United States
| | - Polly Chang
- SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Park, CA 94025 United States.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Dulka BN, Pullins SE, Cullen PK, Moyer JR, Helmstetter FJ. Age-related memory deficits are associated with changes in protein degradation in brain regions critical for trace fear conditioning. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 91:160-166. [PMID: 32280031 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Brain aging is accompanied by an accumulation of damaged proteins, which results from deterioration of cellular quality control mechanisms and decreased protein degradation. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is the primary proteolytic mechanism responsible for targeted degradation. Recent work has established a critical role of the UPS in memory and synaptic plasticity, but the role of the UPS in age-related cognitive decline remains poorly understood. Here, we measured markers of UPS function and related them to fear memory in rats. Our results show that age-related memory deficits are associated with reductions in phosphorylation of the Rpt6 proteasome regulatory subunit and corresponding increases in lysine-48 (K48)-linked ubiquitin tagging within the basolateral amygdala. Increases in K48 polyubiquitination were also observed in the medial prefrontal cortex and dorsal hippocampus. These data suggest that protein degradation is a critical component of age-related memory deficits. This extends our understanding of the relationship between the UPS, aging, and memory, which is an important step toward the prevention and treatment of deficits associated with normal cognitive aging and memory-related neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brooke N Dulka
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Shane E Pullins
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Patrick K Cullen
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - James R Moyer
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Fred J Helmstetter
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hippocampal HECT E3 ligase inhibition facilitates consolidation, retrieval, and reconsolidation, and inhibits extinction of contextual fear memory. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2019; 167:107135. [PMID: 31821882 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2019.107135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is involved in synaptic plasticity and memory, but the involvement of HECT E3 ligases in these processes has not yet been established. Here, we bilaterally infused heclin, a specific inhibitor of some of these ligases, into the dorsal hippocampus of male Wistar rats that were trained in a contextual fear conditioning. Heclin improved short-term memory, consolidation, retrieval, and reconsolidation when administered immediately post training, prior to testing, or after memory reactivation, respectively. In addition, it impaired memory extinction when administered prior to a long reactivation session. Heclin infusion was also tested for locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior in a circular arena, but no effect was seen. Taken together, these results indicate that HECT E3 ligases are involved in the modulation of fear memory.
Collapse
|
27
|
Devulapalli RK, Nelsen JL, Orsi SA, McFadden T, Navabpour S, Jones N, Martin K, O'Donnell M, McCoig EL, Jarome TJ. Males and Females Differ in the Subcellular and Brain Region Dependent Regulation of Proteasome Activity by CaMKII and Protein Kinase A. Neuroscience 2019; 418:1-14. [PMID: 31449987 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) controls the degradation of ~90% of short-lived proteins in cells and is involved in activity- and learning-dependent synaptic plasticity in the brain. Calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and Protein Kinase A (PKA) can regulate activity of the proteasome. However, there have been a number of conflicting reports regarding under what conditions CaMKII and PKA regulate proteasome activity in the brain. Furthermore, this work has been done exclusively in males, leaving questions about whether these kinases also regulate the proteasome in females. Here, using subcellular fractionation protocols in combination with in vitro pharmacology and proteasome activity assays, we investigated the conditions under which CaMKII and PKA regulate proteasome activity in the brains of male and female rats. In males, nuclear proteasome chymotrypsin activity was regulated by PKA in the amygdala but CaMKII in the hippocampus. Conversely, in females CaMKII regulated nuclear chymotrypsin activity in the amygdala, but not hippocampus. Additionally, in males CaMKII and PKA regulated proteasome trypsin activity in the cytoplasm of hippocampal, but not amygdala cells, while in females both CaMKII and PKA could regulate this activity in the nucleus of cells in both regions. Proteasome peptidylglutamyl activity was regulated by CaMKII and PKA activity in the nuclei of amygdala and hippocampus cells in males. However, in females PKA regulated nuclear peptidylglutamyl activity in the amygdala, but not hippocampus. Collectively, these results suggest that CaMKII- and PKA-dependent regulation of proteasome activity in the brain varies significantly across subcellular compartments and between males and females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rishi K Devulapalli
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Jacob L Nelsen
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Sabrina A Orsi
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Taylor McFadden
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Shaghayegh Navabpour
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Natalie Jones
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Kiley Martin
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Madison O'Donnell
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Emmarose L McCoig
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Timothy J Jarome
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA; Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA; Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Roanoke, VA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hansen N. Memory Reinforcement and Attenuation by Activating the Human Locus Coeruleus via Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation. Front Neurosci 2019; 12:955. [PMID: 30686963 PMCID: PMC6333671 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Niels Hansen
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|