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Li Z, Zeng S, Xie Y, Li X, Huang S, Zhao H, Cao W, Liu L, Wang M, Gong Q, Liu J, Rong P, Zhang R. Genetic and clinical profile of 15 Chinese families with GDAP1-related Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and identification of H256R as a frequent mutation. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2024; 29:232-242. [PMID: 38705839 DOI: 10.1111/jns.12628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Mutations in ganglioside-induced differentiation-associated protein 1 (GDAP1) cause axonal or demyelinating Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) with autosomal dominant or recessive inheritance. In this study, we aim to report the genotypic and phenotypic features of GDAP1-related CMT in a Chinese cohort. METHODS Clinical, neurophysiological, genetic data, and available muscle/brain imaging information of 28 CMT patients with GDAP1 variants were retrospectively collected. RESULTS We identified 16 GDAP1 pathogenic variants, among which two novel variants c.980dup(p.L328FfsX25) and c.480+4T>G were first reported. Most patients (16/28) presented with AR or AD CMT2K phenotype. Clinical characteristics in our cohort demonstrated that the AR patients presented earlier onset, more severe phenotype compared with the AD patients. Considerable intra-familial phenotypic variability was observed among three AD families. Muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration in the lower extremity were detected by Muscle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans in four patients. MRI showed two AR patients showed more severe muscle involvement of the posterior compartment than those of the anterolateral compartment in the calf. One patient carrying Q38*/H256R variants accompanied with mild periventricular leukoaraiosis. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we conducted an analysis of clinical features of the GDAP1-related CMT patients, expanded the mutation spectrum in GDAP1 by reporting two novel variants, and presented the prevalent occurrence of the H256R mutation in China. The screening of GDAP1 should be particularly emphasized in Chinese patients with CMT2, given the incomplete penetrance and pathogenic inheritance patterns involving dominant and recessive modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzheng Li
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sen Zeng
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongzhi Xie
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shunxiang Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huadong Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wanqian Cao
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengli Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiaoyu Gong
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pengfei Rong
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ruxu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Manzoor U, Ali A, Ali SL, Abdelkarem O, Kanwal S, Alotaibi SS, Baazeem A, Baiduissenova A, Yktiyarov A, Hajar A, Olzhabay A. Mutational screening of GDAP1 in dysphonia associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease: clinical insights and phenotypic effects. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:119. [PMID: 37966693 PMCID: PMC10651813 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00568-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mutations in GDAP1 (Ganglioside-induced differentiation-associated protein 1) gene are linked to Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), a Heterogenous group of disorders with multiple phenotypes, characterized by peripheral nerve dysfunction that can lead to vocal cord paralysis and diaphragmatic dysfunction. MAIN BODY All three affected children of this chosen family have manifested the same clinical symptoms with progressive weakness, mild sensory impairment, and absent tendon reflexes in their early years. Electrodiagnostic analysis displayed an axonal type of neuropathy in affected patients. Sequencing of the GDAP1 gene was requested for all members of the family. Diagnostic assessments included pulmonary and vocal cord function tests, as well as phrenic and peripheral nerve conduction studies. Pathogenicity of GDAP1 variant p.Pro419Leu with axonal CMT2 and autosomal recessive inheritance was confirmed via in silico analysis. Patients with GDAP1 mutations showed dysphonia, speech difficulties, and the characteristic symptoms of CMT. The severity of symptoms correlated with the presence of a type of GDAP1 mutation. Patients with normal vocal cords and pulmonary function exhibited milder symptoms compared to those with GDAP1 mutations. Our study provides clinical insights into the phenotypic effects of GDAP1 mutations in CMT patients. The findings highlight the adverse clinical course and severe disability associated with GDAP1 mutations, including weak limb and laryngeal muscles. CONCLUSION Patients with GDAP1 mutations and autosomal recessive neuropathy present with dysphonia and require interventions such as surgery, braces, physical therapy, and exercise. Early diagnosis and comprehensive clinical evaluations are crucial for managing CMT patients with GDAP1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Manzoor
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Sahiwal, Pakistan.
| | - Awais Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - S Luqman Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Omneya Abdelkarem
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sumaira Kanwal
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Saqer S Alotaibi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O.Box 11099, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Baazeem
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aliya Baiduissenova
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Astana Medical University, Astana City, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Ayaz Yktiyarov
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Astana Medical University, Astana City, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Azraida Hajar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Abay Olzhabay
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Astana Medical University, Astana City, 010000, Kazakhstan
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3
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Masingue M, Perrot J, Carlier RY, Piguet-Lacroix G, Latour P, Stojkovic T. WES homozygosity mapping in a recessive form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy reveals intronic GDAP1 variant leading to a premature stop codon. Neurogenetics 2018; 19:67-76. [PMID: 29396836 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-018-0539-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) refers to a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous inherited neuropathies. Ganglioside-induced differentiation-associated protein 1 GDAP1-related CMT has been reported in an autosomal dominant or recessive form in patients presenting either axonal or demyelinating neuropathy. We report two Sri Lankan sisters born to consanguineous parents and presenting with a severe axonal sensorimotor neuropathy. The early onset of the disease, the distal and proximal weakness and atrophy leading to major disability, along with areflexia, and, most notably, vocal cord and diaphragm paralysis were highly evocative of a GDAP1-related CMT. However, sequencing of the coding regions of the gene was normal. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed and revealed that the largest region of homozygosity was around GDAP1 with several variants, mostly in non-coding regions. In view of the high clinical suspicion of GDAP1 gene involvement, we examined the variants in this gene and this, along with functional studies, allowed us to identify an alternative splicing site revealing a cryptic in-frame stop codon in intron 4 responsible for a severe loss of wild-type GDAP1. This work is the first to describe a deleterious mutation in GDAP1 gene outside of coding sequences or intronic junctions and emphasizes the importance of interpreting molecular analysis, and in particular WES results, in light of the clinical and electrophysiological phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Masingue
- Centre de Référence de pathologie neuromusculaire Paris-Est, Institut de Myologie, GHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
| | - Jimmy Perrot
- Department of Neurobiology, Centre de Biologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Robert-Yves Carlier
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hôpitaux universitaires Paris Ile-de-France Ouest, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France
| | | | - Philippe Latour
- Department of Neurobiology, Centre de Biologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Tanya Stojkovic
- Centre de Référence de pathologie neuromusculaire Paris-Est, Institut de Myologie, GHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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4
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Pakhrin PS, Xie Y, Hu Z, Li X, Liu L, Huang S, Wang B, Yang Z, Zhang J, Liu X, Xia K, Tang B, Zhang R. Genotype–phenotype correlation and frequency of distribution in a cohort of Chinese Charcot–Marie–Tooth patients associated with GDAP1 mutations. J Neurol 2018; 265:637-646. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-018-8743-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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5
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Thulaseedharan NK, Geetha P, Arathi N, Shameer VK, Jayachandran NV, Subramaniam G, Narayanan S. An unusual cause of orthopnoea-hashimoto's thyroiditis presenting as bilateral diaphragmatic palsy. Respir Med Case Rep 2017; 21:132-134. [PMID: 28480162 PMCID: PMC5407574 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of 36 yr old male without any comorbidities, who presented with a history of gradually progressive dyspnoea and orthopnoea for 6 months. Physical examination revealed bradycardia, paradoxical respiration suggestive of bilateral diaphragmatic palsy. Fluoroscopy demonstrated the presence of bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis. Etiological work up showed evidence of autoimmune hypothyroidism due to hashimoto's thyroiditis. Other possibilities were ruled out with appropriate tests. He was started on thyroxine and showed symptomatic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P Geetha
- Department of Medicine, Govt. Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | - N Arathi
- Department of Medicine, Govt. Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | - V K Shameer
- Department of Medicine, Govt. Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | - N V Jayachandran
- Department of Medicine, Govt. Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | - Gomathy Subramaniam
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Govt. Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
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6
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Zambon AA, Natali Sora MG, Cantarella G, Cerri F, Quattrini A, Comi G, Previtali SC, Bolino A. Vocal cord paralysis in Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 4b1 disease associated with a novel mutation in the myotubularin-related protein 2 gene: A case report and review of the literature. Neuromuscul Disord 2017; 27:487-491. [PMID: 28190646 PMCID: PMC5425401 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Vocal cord paralysis is a relevant symptom of Charcot–Marie–Tooth type 4B1. Patients harboring MTMR2 mutations should be investigated for laryngeal function. A new mutation in the MTMR2 gene is described. The frequency of vocal cord paralysis in early-onset CMT subtypes is explored.
Charcot–Marie–Tooth type 4B1 (CMT4B1) is an autosomal recessive motor and sensory demyelinating neuropathy characterized by the association of early-onset neurological symptoms and typical histological findings. The natural history and the clinical variability of the disease are still poorly known, thus further clarification of the different phenotypes is needed. We report on the case of a Pakistani girl born to consanguineous parents harboring a novel mutation in the MTMR2 gene. When aged 18 months, reduced limb tone, muscle wasting associated with proximal and distal weakness prevalent in lower limbs, absence of tendon reflexes, hoarseness and inspiratory stridor were detected. Vocal cord palsy was diagnosed shortly after. We suggest that laryngeal involvement might be a relevant and initial feature of early-onset CMT4B1 neuropathy. Thus, affected patients should undergo early laryngological evaluation in order to prompt an appropriate management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Andrea Zambon
- Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Maria Grazia Natali Sora
- Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cantarella
- Otolaryngology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Cerri
- Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy; Experimental Neuropathology Unit, INSPE and Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Quattrini
- Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy; Experimental Neuropathology Unit, INSPE and Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Comi
- Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Carlo Previtali
- Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy; Neuromuscular Repair Unit, INSPE and Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bolino
- Human Inherited Neuropathies Unit, INSPE and Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
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7
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Chen HY, Chen HC, Lin MC, Liaw MY. Bilateral Diaphragmatic Paralysis in a Patient With Critical Illness Polyneuropathy: A Case Report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1288. [PMID: 26252301 PMCID: PMC4616567 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis (BDP) manifests as respiratory muscle weakness, and its association with critical illness polyneuropathy (CIP) was rarely reported. Here, we present a patient with BDP related to CIP, who successfully avoided tracheostomy after diagnosis and management.A 71-year-old male presented with acute respiratory failure after sepsis adequately treated. Repeated intubation occurred because of carbon dioxide retention after each extubation. After eliminating possible factors, septic shock-induced respiratory muscle weakness was suspected. Physical examination, a nerve conduction study, and chest ultrasound confirmed our impression.Pulmonary rehabilitation and reconditioning exercises were arranged, and the patient was discharged with a diagnosis of BDP.The diagnosis of BDP is usually delayed, and there are only sporadic reports on its association with polyneuropathy, especially in patients with preserved limb muscle function. Therefore, when physicians encounter patients that are difficult to wean from mechanical ventilation, CIP associated with BDP should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Yu Chen
- From the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H-YC), Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine (M-YL), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung University College of Medicine; and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (H-CC, M-CL), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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8
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Pareyson D, Saveri P, Sagnelli A, Piscosquito G. Mitochondrial dynamics and inherited peripheral nerve diseases. Neurosci Lett 2015; 596:66-77. [PMID: 25847151 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerves have peculiar energetic requirements because of considerable length of axons and therefore correct mitochondria functioning and distribution along nerves is fundamental. Mitochondrial dynamics refers to the continuous change in size, shape, and position of mitochondria within cells. Abnormalities of mitochondrial dynamics produced by mutations in proteins involved in mitochondrial fusion (mitofusin-2, MFN2), fission (ganglioside-induced differentiation-associated protein-1, GDAP1), and mitochondrial axonal transport usually present with a Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) phenotype. MFN2 mutations cause CMT type 2A by altering mitochondrial fusion and trafficking along the axonal microtubule system. CMT2A is an axonal autosomal dominant CMT type which in most cases is characterized by early onset and rather severe course. GDAP1 mutations also alter fission, fusion and transport of mitochondria and are associated either with recessive demyelinating (CMT4A) and axonal CMT (AR-CMT2K) and, less commonly, with dominant, milder, axonal CMT (CMT2K). OPA1 (Optic Atrophy-1) is involved in fusion of mitochondrial inner membrane, and its heterozygous mutations lead to early-onset and progressive dominant optic atrophy which may be complicated by other neurological symptoms including peripheral neuropathy. Mutations in several proteins fundamental for the axonal transport or forming the axonal cytoskeleton result in peripheral neuropathy, i.e., CMT, distal hereditary motor neuropathy (dHMN) or hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy (HSAN), as well as in hereditary spastic paraplegia. Indeed, mitochondrial transport involves directly or indirectly components of the kinesin superfamily (KIF5A, KIF1A, KIF1B), responsible of anterograde transport, and of the dynein complex and related proteins (DYNC1H1, dynactin, dynamin-2), implicated in retrograde flow. Microtubules, neurofilaments, and chaperones such as heat shock proteins (HSPs) also have a fundamental role in mitochondrial transport and mutations in some of related encoding genes cause peripheral neuropathy (TUBB3, NEFL, HSPB1, HSPB8, HSPB3, DNAJB2). In this review, we address the abnormalities in mitochondrial dynamics and their role in determining CMT disease and related neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Pareyson
- Clinic of Central and Peripheral Degenerative Neuropathies Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences - IRCCS Foundation, "C. Besta" Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Paola Saveri
- Clinic of Central and Peripheral Degenerative Neuropathies Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences - IRCCS Foundation, "C. Besta" Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Sagnelli
- Clinic of Central and Peripheral Degenerative Neuropathies Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences - IRCCS Foundation, "C. Besta" Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Piscosquito
- Clinic of Central and Peripheral Degenerative Neuropathies Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences - IRCCS Foundation, "C. Besta" Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
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9
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Hsu AK, Rosow DE, Wallerstein RJ, April MM. Familial congenital bilateral vocal fold paralysis: a novel gene translocation. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 79:323-7. [PMID: 25617187 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES True vocal fold (TVF) paralysis is a common cause of neonatal stridor and airway obstruction, though bilateral TVF paralysis is seen less frequently. Rare cases of familial congenital TVF paralysis have been described with implied genetic origin, but few genetic abnormalities have been discovered to date. The purpose of this study is to describe a novel chromosomal translocation responsible for congenital bilateral TVF immobility. METHODS The charts of three patients were retrospectively reviewed: a 35 year-old woman and her two children. The mother had bilateral TVF paralysis at birth requiring tracheotomy. Her oldest child had a similar presentation at birth and also required tracheotomy, while the younger child had laryngomalacia without TVF paralysis. Standard karyotype analysis was done using samples from all three patients and the parents of the mother, to assess whether a chromosomal abnormality was responsible. RESULTS Karyotype analysis revealed the same balanced translocation between chromosomes 5 and 14, t(5;14) (p15.3, q11.2) in the mother and her two daughters. No other genetic abnormalities were identified. Neither maternal grandparent had the translocation, which appeared to be a spontaneous mutation in the mother with autosomal dominant inheritance and variable penetrance. CONCLUSIONS A novel chromosomal translocation was identified that appears to be responsible for familial congenital bilateral TVF paralysis. While there are other reports of genetic abnormalities responsible for this condition, we believe this is the first describing this particular translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy K Hsu
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - David E Rosow
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.
| | - Robert J Wallerstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, CA, United States
| | - Max M April
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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Charcot–Marie–Tooth diseases. Neurogenetics 2012. [DOI: 10.1017/cbo9781139087711.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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11
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Zimoń M, Baets J, Fabrizi GM, Jaakkola E, Kabzińska D, Pilch J, Schindler AB, Cornblath DR, Fischbeck KH, Auer-Grumbach M, Guelly C, Huber N, De Vriendt E, Timmerman V, Suter U, Hausmanowa-Petrusewicz I, Niemann A, Kochański A, De Jonghe P, Jordanova A. Dominant GDAP1 mutations cause predominantly mild CMT phenotypes. Neurology 2011; 77:540-8. [PMID: 21753178 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e318228fc70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ganglioside-induced differentiation associated-protein 1 (GDAP1) mutations are commonly associated with autosomal recessive Charcot-Marie-Tooth (ARCMT) neuropathy; however, in rare instances, they also lead to autosomal dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth (ADCMT). We aimed to investigate the frequency of disease-causing heterozygous GDAP1 mutations in ADCMT and their associated phenotype. METHODS We performed mutation analysis in a large cohort of ADCMT patients by means of bidirectional sequencing of coding regions and exon-intron boundaries of GDAP1. Intragenic GDAP1 deletions were excluded using an allele quantification assay. We confirmed the pathogenic character of one sequence variant by in vitro experiments assaying mitochondrial morphology and function. RESULTS In 8 Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) families we identified 4 pathogenic heterozygous GDAP1 mutations, 3 of which are novel. Three of the mutations displayed reduced disease penetrance. Disease onset in the affected individuals was variable, ranging from early childhood to adulthood. Disease progression was slow in most patients and overall severity milder than typically seen in autosomal recessive GDAP1 mutations. Electrophysiologic changes are heterogeneous but compatible with axonal neuropathy in the majority of patients. CONCLUSIONS With this study, we broaden the phenotypic and genetic spectrum of autosomal dominant GDAP1-associated neuropathies. We show that patients with dominant GDAP1 mutations may display clear axonal CMT, but may also have only minimal clinical and electrophysiologic abnormalities. We demonstrate that cell-based functional assays can be reliably used to test the pathogenicity of unknown variants. We discuss the implications of phenotypic variability and the reduced penetrance of autosomal dominant GDAP1 mutations for CMT diagnostic testing and counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zimoń
- VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
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12
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Fusco C, Ucchino V, Barbon G, Bonini E, Mostacciuolo ML, Frattini D, Pisani F, Giustina ED. The homozygous ganglioside-induced differentiation-associated protein 1 mutation c.373C > T causes a very early-onset neuropathy: case report and literature review. J Child Neurol 2011; 26:49-57. [PMID: 21212451 DOI: 10.1177/0883073810373142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the ganglioside-induced differentiation-associated protein 1 (GDAP1) gene may cause severe early-onset inherited neuropathies. Here, the authors report a clinical and neurophysiological follow-up of a Pakistani child with a very early-onset neuropathy carrying a novel homozygous mutation in the GDAP1gene. They discuss the relationship between the several forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease presenting in the first months of life and focus on the literature of GDAP1-associated early-onset neuropathy. This case further expands on the clinical spectrum and the genetic heterogeneity of early-onset inherited neuropathy due to GDAP1 gene mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Fusco
- Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
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13
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Cassereau J, Chevrollier A, Gueguen N, Desquiret V, Verny C, Nicolas G, Dubas F, Amati-Bonneau P, Reynier P, Bonneau D, Procaccio V. Mitochondrial dysfunction and pathophysiology of Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease involving GDAP1 mutations. Exp Neurol 2011; 227:31-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2010.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Revised: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zimoń M, Baets J, Auer-Grumbach M, Berciano J, Garcia A, Lopez-Laso E, Merlini L, Hilton-Jones D, McEntagart M, Crosby AH, Barisic N, Boltshauser E, Shaw CE, Landouré G, Ludlow CL, Gaudet R, Houlden H, Reilly MM, Fischbeck KH, Sumner CJ, Timmerman V, Jordanova A, Jonghe PD. Dominant mutations in the cation channel gene transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 cause an unusual spectrum of neuropathies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 133:1798-809. [PMID: 20460441 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awq109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary neuropathies form a heterogeneous group of disorders for which over 40 causal genes have been identified to date. Recently, dominant mutations in the transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 gene were found to be associated with three distinct neuromuscular phenotypes: hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy 2C, scapuloperoneal spinal muscular atrophy and congenital distal spinal muscular atrophy. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 encodes a cation channel previously implicated in several types of dominantly inherited bone dysplasia syndromes. We performed DNA sequencing of the coding regions of transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 in a cohort of 145 patients with various types of hereditary neuropathy and identified five different heterozygous missense mutations in eight unrelated families. One mutation arose de novo in an isolated patient, and the remainder segregated in families. Two of the mutations were recurrent in unrelated families. Four mutations in transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 targeted conserved arginine residues in the ankyrin repeat domain, which is believed to be important in protein-protein interactions. Striking phenotypic variability between and within families was observed. The majority of patients displayed a predominantly, or pure, motor neuropathy with axonal characteristics observed on electrophysiological testing. The age of onset varied widely, ranging from congenital to late adulthood onset. Various combinations of additional features were present in most patients including vocal fold paralysis, scapular weakness, contractures and hearing loss. We identified six asymptomatic mutation carriers, indicating reduced penetrance of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 defects. This finding is relatively unusual in the context of hereditary neuropathies and has important implications for diagnostic testing and genetic counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zimoń
- Neurogenetics Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
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L239F founder mutation in GDAP1 is associated with a mild Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 4C4 (CMT4C4) phenotype. Neurogenetics 2010; 11:357-66. [PMID: 20232219 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-010-0237-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Over 40 mutations in the GDAP1 gene have been shown to segregate with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT). Among these, only two mutations, i.e., S194X and Q163X have been reported in a sufficient number of CMT families to allow for the construction of reliable phenotype-genotype correlations. Both the S194X and Q163X mutations have been shown to segregate with an early-onset and severe neuropathy resulting in loss of ambulance at the beginning of the second decade of life. In this study, we identified the L239F mutation in the GDAP1 gene in one Bulgarian and five Polish families. We hypothesized that the L239F mutation may result from a founder effect in the European population since this mutation has previously been reported in Belgian, Czech, and Polish patients. In fact, we detected a common disease-associated haplotype within the 8q13-q21 region in the Polish, German, Italian, Czech, and Bulgarian CMT families. Like the previously detected "regional" S194X and Q163X mutations, respectively present in Maghreb countries and in patients of Spanish descent, the L239F mutation seems to be the most common GDAP1 pathogenic variant in the Central and Eastern European population. Given the likely presence of a common ancestor harboring the L239F mutation, we decided to compare the phenotypes of the CMT (L239F) patients collected in this study with those of previously reported cases. In contrast to CMT4A caused by the S194X and Q163X mutations, the CMT phenotype resulting from the L239F substitution represents a milder clinical entity with a long-preserved period of ambulance at least until the end of the second decade of life.
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Pons Odena M, Piqueras Marimbaldo I, Colomer Oferil J, Segura Matute S, Palomeque Rico A. [Respiratory disease and diaphragm paralysis in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease]. An Pediatr (Barc) 2010; 72:267-71. [PMID: 20138600 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2009.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2009] [Revised: 11/17/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diaphragmatic bilateral palsy is uncommon in children. The most important etiologies are thoracic surgery and obstetric trauma. Respiratory muscle impairment is a rare phenomenon in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT). However, it can be associated with restrictive pulmonary impairment, phrenic nerve dysfunction or thoracic cage abnormalities. We report two paediatric cases of CMT disease with type 2 respiratory failure due to diaphragmatic dysfunction. In both cases treatment with non-invasive mechanical ventilation resulted in satisfactory clinical improvement. Evidence of phrenic damage was the main clue in one patient in order to obtain an accurate diagnostic of her disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pons Odena
- Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, España
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17
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Sahin-Calapoglu N, Soyoz M, Calapoglu M, Ozcelik N. Genetic study of demyelinating form of autosomal-recessive Charcot-Marie-tooth diseases in a Turkish family. Int J Neurosci 2010; 119:1179-89. [PMID: 19922348 DOI: 10.1080/00207450902869906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of inherited peripheral motor and sensory neuropathies characterized by distal muscle weakness atrophy predominantly in the lower extremities, diminished or absent deep tendon reflexes, distal sensory loss and skeletal deformities. Mode of inheritance could be either autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked. The autosomal-recessive subgroup of CMT (AR-CMT) neuropathies is heterogeneous as well. To date, nine demyelinating loci have been implicated in CMT4 and seven genes have been identified. It has been screened in this study for the presence of mutations in the coding region of GDAP1 and genetic linkage analyses of CMT4B1, CMT4B2, CMT4C, CMT4D, CMT4E, and CMT4F loci were tested in a Turkish family presenting recessively inherited form of CMT disease characterized by severe motor weakness. We did not find any mutations in GDAP1 and genetic linkage excluded for the six demyelinating genes loci (CMT4B1, CMT4B2, CMT4C, CMT4D, CMT4E, and CMT4F). Our findings indicate that another locus may be associated with AR-CMT disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilufer Sahin-Calapoglu
- Department of Medical Biology, Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey.
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18
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Benson B, Sulica L, Guss J, Blitzer A. Laryngeal neuropathy of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease: Further observations and novel mutations associated with vocal fold paresis. Laryngoscope 2009; 120:291-6. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.20685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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19
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Novel GDAP1 Mutation in a Turkish Family with CMT2K (CMT2K with Novel GDAP1 Mutation). Neuromolecular Med 2009; 11:106-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s12017-009-8062-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2009] [Accepted: 04/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Sevilla T, Jaijo T, Nauffal D, Collado D, Chumillas MJ, Vilchez JJ, Muelas N, Bataller L, Domenech R, Espinos C, Palau F. Vocal cord paresis and diaphragmatic dysfunction are severe and frequent symptoms of GDAP1-associated neuropathy. Brain 2008; 131:3051-61. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awn228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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21
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Auer-Grumbach M, Fischer C, Papić L, John E, Plecko B, Bittner RE, Bernert G, Pieber TR, Miltenberger G, Schwarz R, Windpassinger C, Grill F, Timmerman V, Speicher MR, Janecke AR. Two novel mutations in the GDAP1 and PRX genes in early onset Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome. Neuropediatrics 2008; 39:33-8. [PMID: 18504680 PMCID: PMC3272394 DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1077085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal recessive Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome (AR-CMT) is often characterised by an infantile disease onset and a severe phenotype. Mutations in the ganglioside-induced differentiation-associated protein 1 (GDAP1) gene are thought to be a common cause of AR-CMT. Mutations in the periaxin (PRX) gene are rare. They are associated with severe demyelination of the peripheral nerves and sometimes lead to prominent sensory disturbances. To evaluate the frequency of GDAP1 and PRX mutations in early onset CMT, we examined seven AR-CMT families and 12 sporadic CMT patients, all presenting with progressive distal muscle weakness and wasting. In one family also prominent sensory abnormalities and sensory ataxia were apparent from early childhood. In three families we detected four GDAP1 mutations (L58LfsX4, R191X, L239F and P153L), one of which is novel and is predicted to cause a loss of protein function. In one additional family with prominent sensory abnormalities a novel homozygous PRX mutation was found (A700PfsX17). No mutations were identified in 12 sporadic cases. This study suggests that mutations in the GDAP1 gene are a common cause of early-onset AR-CMT. In patients with early-onset demyelinating AR-CMT and severe sensory loss PRX is one of the genes to be tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Auer-Grumbach
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Graz, Austria
,Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
,Centre for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - C. Fischer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Graz, Austria
,Centre for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - L. Papić
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Graz, Austria
,Centre for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - E. John
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Graz, Austria
,Centre for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - B. Plecko
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - R. E. Bittner
- Neuromuscular Research Department, Centre of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
| | - G. Bernert
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - T. R. Pieber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - G. Miltenberger
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - R. Schwarz
- Landes Frauen- und Kinderklinik, Linz, Austria
| | - C. Windpassinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - F. Grill
- Orthopaedic Hospital of Vienna, Speising, Austria
| | - V. Timmerman
- VIB – Department of Molecular Genetics, Peripheral Neuropathy Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - M. R. Speicher
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - A. R. Janecke
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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22
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A novel GDAP1 Q218E mutation in autosomal dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. J Hum Genet 2008; 53:360-364. [DOI: 10.1007/s10038-008-0249-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2007] [Accepted: 01/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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23
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Braathen GJ, Sand JC, Bukholm G, Russell MB. Two novel connexin32 mutations cause early onset X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. BMC Neurol 2007; 7:19. [PMID: 17620124 PMCID: PMC1999495 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2377-7-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2007] [Accepted: 07/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND X-linked Charcot-Marie Tooth (CMT) is caused by mutations in the connexin32 gene that encodes a polypeptide which is arranged in hexameric array and form gap junctions. METHODS We describe two novel mutations in the connexin32 gene in two Norwegian families. RESULTS Family 1 had a c.225delG (R75fsX83) which causes a frameshift and premature stop codon at position 247. This probably results in a shorter non-functional protein structure. Affected individuals had an early age at onset usually in the first decade. The symptoms were more severe in men than women. All had severe muscle weakness in the legs. Several abortions were observed in this family. Family 2 had a c.536 G>A (C179Y) transition which causes a change of the highly conserved cysteine residue, i.e. disruption of at least one of three disulfide bridges. The mean age at onset was in the first decade. Muscle wasting was severe and correlated with muscle weakness in legs. The men and one woman also had symptom from their hands. The neuropathy is demyelinating and the nerve conduction velocities were in the intermediate range (25-49 m/s). Affected individuals had symmetrical clinical findings, while the neurophysiology revealed minor asymmetrical findings in nerve conduction velocity in 6 of 10 affected individuals. CONCLUSION The two novel mutations in the connexin32 gene are more severe than the majority of previously described mutations possibly due to the severe structural change of the gap junction they encode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir J Braathen
- Faculty Division Akershus University Hospital, University of Oslo, 1474 Nordbyhagen, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for clinical epidemiology and molecular biology (Epi-Gen), Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Genetic section, Telemark Hospital, 3710 Skien, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jette C Sand
- Institute for clinical epidemiology and molecular biology (Epi-Gen), Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Bukholm
- Faculty Division Akershus University Hospital, University of Oslo, 1474 Nordbyhagen, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for clinical epidemiology and molecular biology (Epi-Gen), Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research and Development, Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael B Russell
- Faculty Division Akershus University Hospital, University of Oslo, 1474 Nordbyhagen, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research and Development, Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Oslo, Norway
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24
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Georgiou DM, Nicolaou P, Chitayat D, Koutsou P, Babul-Hirji R, Vajsar J, Murphy J, Christodoulou K. A novel GDAP1 mutation 439delA is associated with autosomal recessive CMT disease. Can J Neurol Sci 2007; 33:311-6. [PMID: 17001820 DOI: 10.1017/s0317167100005199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is the most common form of inherited motor and sensory neuropathy. Based on neurophysiological and neuropathological criteria CMT has been sub-classified into two main types: demyelinating and axonal. Furthermore, it is genetically heterogeneous with autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive (AR) and X-linked modes of inheritance. Thus far, seven genes have been identified in association with the demyelinating AR-CMT disease. We hereby report our clinical and molecular genetic findings in a consanguineous family with AR-CMT. METHODS Two young sisters with AR-CMT and other non-affected family members were clinically and electrophysiologically evaluated and then molecular genetic investigation was carried out in order to identify the pathogenic mutation. RESULTS Following an initial indication for linkage of the family to the CMT4A locus on chromosome 8, we sequenced the Ganglioside-induced differentiation-associated protein 1 (GDAP1) gene and identified a single nucleotide deletion in exon 3 that is associated with AR-CMT in the family. CONCLUSIONS We identified a novel GDAP1 439delA mutation that is associated with AR-CMT in a consanguineous family of Iranian descent with two affected young girls and a history in other members of the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domna-Maria Georgiou
- Molecular Genetics Department D, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
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25
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Baránková L, Vyhnálková E, Züchner S, Mazanec R, Sakmaryová I, Vondrácek P, Merlini L, Bojar M, Nelis E, De Jonghe P, Seeman P. GDAP1 mutations in Czech families with early-onset CMT. Neuromuscul Disord 2007; 17:482-9. [PMID: 17433678 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2007.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2006] [Revised: 02/15/2007] [Accepted: 02/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the ganglioside-induced differentiation associated protein-1 gene (GDAP1) cause autosomal recessive (AR) demyelinating or axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy (CMT). In order to establish the spectrum and frequency of GDAP1 mutations in Czech population, we sequenced GDAP1 in 74 Czech patients from 69 unrelated families with early-onset demyelinating or axonal CMT compatible with AR inheritance. We identified three isolated patients with GDAP1 mutations in both alleles. In one additional sporadic and one familial case, the second pathogenic mutation remained unknown. Overall, we detected two different mutations, a novel R191X nonsense and a L239F missense mutation. L239F previously described in a German-Italian family is a prevalent mutation in Czech population and we give evidence for its common ancestral origin. All Czech GDAP1 patients developed involvement of all four limbs evident by the end of second decade, except for one isolated patient showing very slow disease progression. All patients displayed axonal type of neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Baránková
- Department of Neurology, 2nd School of Medicine, Charles University Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
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26
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Bernard R, De Sandre-Giovannoli A, Delague V, Lévy N. Molecular genetics of autosomal-recessive axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathies. Neuromolecular Med 2007; 8:87-106. [PMID: 16775369 DOI: 10.1385/nmm:8:1-2:87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2005] [Revised: 12/13/2005] [Accepted: 12/21/2005] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal-recessive forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth (ARCMT) account for less than 10% of the families with CMT. On the other hand, in countries with a high prevalence of consanguinity this mode of inheritance accounts, likely, for the vast majority of CMT phenotypes. Like dominant forms, autosomal-recessive forms are generally subdivided into demyelinating forms (autosomal-recessive CMT1: ARCMT1 or CMT4) and axonal forms (ARCMT2). Until now, demyelinating ARCMT were more extensively studied at the genetic level than the axonal forms. Although the latter are undoubtedly the rarest forms among the heterogeneous group of CMT, three distinct forms have been genetically mapped and recent studies in the past 4 yr provided evidence that their respective causing genes have been characterized. Indeed, gene defects in encoding A-type lamins (LMNA), encoding Ganglioside-induced Differentiation-Associated Protein-1 (GDAP1) and encoding the mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription, subunit 25 homolog (MED25) have been identified in ARCMT2 subtypes. Given the clinical, electrophysiological and histological heterogeneity of CMT2, it is likely that unreported forms of ARCMT2, related to novel genes, remain to be discovered, leading to an even more complex classification. However, our goal in this review is to provide the reader with a clear view on the known genes and mechanisms involved in ARCMT2 and their associated phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaëlle Bernard
- Departement de Genetique Medicale Hopital d'enfants de la Timone, Marseille, France
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27
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Aboussouan LS, Lewis RA, Shy ME. Disorders of pulmonary function, sleep, and the upper airway in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Lung 2007; 185:1-7. [PMID: 17294338 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-006-0053-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie Tooth disease (CMT) encompasses several inherited peripheral motor-sensory neuropathies and is one of the most common inherited neuromuscular diseases. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease can be associated with several disorders that may be encountered by the pulmonary physician, including restrictive pulmonary impairment, sleep apnea, restless legs, and vocal cord dysfunction. Restrictive pulmonary impairment has been described in association with phrenic nerve dysfunction, diaphragm dysfunction, or thoracic cage abnormalities. Central sleep apnea may be associated with diaphragm dysfunction and hypercapnia, whereas obstructive sleep apnea has been reported as possibly due to a pharyngeal neuropathy. Restless legs and periodic limb movement during sleep are found in a large proportion of patients with CMT2, a type of CMT associated with prominent axonal atrophy. Vocal cord dysfunction, possibly due to laryngeal nerve involvement, is found in association with several CMT types and can often mimic asthma. There may be special therapeutic considerations for the treatment of those conditions in individuals with CMT. For instance, bi-level positive airway pressure may be more appropriate than continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for the treatment of sleep apnea in the individual with concomitant restrictive pulmonary impairment. The prominence of peripheral neuropathy as a cause of the restless legs syndrome in CMT may justify treatment with neuropathic medications as opposed to the more commonly recommended dopaminergic agents. The risk of progression to bilateral vocal cord dysfunction in CMT and the risk of aspiration with laryngeal neuropathy may limit the therapeutic options available for vocal cord paralysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loutfi S Aboussouan
- Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 26900 Cedar Road, Suite 325-S, Beachwood, OH 44122, USA.
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28
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Ouvrier R, Geevasingha N, Ryan MM. Autosomal-recessive and X-linked forms of hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy in childhood. Muscle Nerve 2007; 36:131-43. [PMID: 17410579 DOI: 10.1002/mus.20776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies (HMSNs, Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathies) are the most common degenerative disorders of the peripheral nervous system. In recent years a dramatic expansion has occurred in our understanding of the molecular basis and cell biology of the recessively inherited demyelinating and axonal neuropathies, with delineation of a number of new neuropathies. Mutations in some genes cause a wide variety of clinical, neurophysiologic, and pathologic phenotypes, rendering diagnosis difficult. The X-linked forms of HMSN represent at least 10%-15% of all HMSNs and have an expanded disease spectrum including demyelinating, intermediate, and axonal neuropathies, transient central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction, mental retardation, and hearing loss. This review presents an overview of the recessive and X-linked forms of HMSN observed in childhood, with particular reference to disease phenotype and neurophysiologic and pathologic abnormalities suggestive of specific diagnoses. These findings can be used by the clinician to formulate a differential diagnosis and guide targeted genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ouvrier
- TY Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.
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Abstract
Phenotypic variability and likely extensive genetic heterogeneity have been confounding the search for the causes of schizophrenia since the inception of the diagnostic category. The inconsistent results of genetic linkage and association studies using the diagnostic category as the sole schizophrenia phenotype suggest that the current broad concept of schizophrenia does not demarcate a homogeneous disease entity. Approaches involving subtyping and stratification by covariates to reduce heterogeneity have been successful in the genetic study of other complex disorders, but rarely applied in schizophrenia research. This article reviews past and present attempts at delineating schizophrenia subtypes based on clinical features, statistically derived measures, putative genetic indicators, and intermediate phenotypes, highlighting the potential utility of multidomain neurocognitive endophenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jablensky
- Centre for Clinical Research in Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
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30
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Züchner S, Vance JM. Mechanisms of Disease: a molecular genetic update on hereditary axonal neuropathies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 2:45-53. [PMID: 16932520 DOI: 10.1038/ncpneuro0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2005] [Accepted: 10/11/2005] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary axonal peripheral neuropathies comprise a genetically heterogeneous group of disorders that are clinically subsumed under the name of Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease type 2 (CMT2). Historically, two classes of CMT have been differentiated: demyelinating forms of CMT (CMT1), in which nerve conduction velocities are decreased, and the axonal CMT2 forms, in which nerve conduction velocities are preserved. Recently, a number of genes that are defective in patients with the main forms of CMT2 have been identified. The molecular dissection of cellular functions of the related gene products has only just begun, and detailed pathophysiological models are still lacking. The known CMT2-related genes represent key players in these pathways, however, and are likely to provide powerful tools for identifying targets for future therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Züchner
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Human Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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31
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Tarin TT, Martinez JA, Shapiro NL. Familial bilateral abductor vocal cord paralysis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2005; 69:1693-6. [PMID: 15978674 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2005.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2005] [Accepted: 03/25/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Familial bilateral abductor vocal cord paralysis is a rare entity with few prior descriptions in the literature. Modes of inheritance include X-linked, autosomal recessive, and autosomal dominant. A case of this condition in a father and son is presented. Signs and symptoms at presentation, diagnosis, therapeutic considerations, and modes of inheritance are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas T Tarin
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, UCLA School of Medicine, 62-158 CHS, 10833 Leconte Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to assist neurologists, paediatricians and other interested readers in following the expanding volume of information relating to the hereditary peripheral neuropathies of childhood. RECENT FINDINGS During the last year, an exciting new potential therapy for hereditary sensory and motor neuropathy has been reported, and there has been a rapid expansion in our understanding of the genetic basis of a number of dominantly and recessively inherited neuropathies of childhood, most particularly in forms with pure motor or sensory and autonomic involvement. SUMMARY Advances in our understanding of the molecular basis of the inherited neuropathies of childhood may provide greater insight into the pathogenesis of these disorders, hopefully identifying new therapeutic strategies for these lifelong conditions.
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