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Kraus JEM, Busengdal H, Kraus Y, Hausen H, Rentzsch F. Doublecortin-like kinase is required for cnidocyte development in Nematostella vectensis. Neural Dev 2024; 19:11. [PMID: 38909268 PMCID: PMC11193195 DOI: 10.1186/s13064-024-00188-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The complex morphology of neurons requires precise control of their microtubule cytoskeleton. This is achieved by microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) that regulate the assembly and stability of microtubules, and transport of molecules and vesicles along them. While many of these MAPs function in all cells, some are specifically or predominantly involved in regulating microtubules in neurons. Here we use the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis as a model organism to provide new insights into the early evolution of neural microtubule regulation. As a cnidarian, Nematostella belongs to an outgroup to all bilaterians and thus occupies an informative phylogenetic position for reconstructing the evolution of nervous system development. We identified an ortholog of the microtubule-binding protein doublecortin-like kinase (NvDclk1) as a gene that is predominantly expressed in neurons and cnidocytes (stinging cells), two classes of cells belonging to the neural lineage in cnidarians. A transgenic NvDclk1 reporter line revealed an elaborate network of neurite-like processes emerging from cnidocytes in the tentacles and the body column. A transgene expressing NvDclk1 under the control of the NvDclk1 promoter suggests that NvDclk1 localizes to microtubules and therefore likely functions as a microtubule-binding protein. Further, we generated a mutant for NvDclk1 using CRISPR/Cas9 and show that the mutants fail to generate mature cnidocytes. Our results support the hypothesis that the elaboration of programs for microtubule regulation occurred early in the evolution of nervous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna E M Kraus
- Michael Sars Centre, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgt 55, Bergen, 5006, Norway
| | - Henriette Busengdal
- Michael Sars Centre, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgt 55, Bergen, 5006, Norway
| | - Yulia Kraus
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Leninskiye gory 1/12, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Harald Hausen
- Michael Sars Centre, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgt 55, Bergen, 5006, Norway
- Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, Bergen, 5007, Norway
| | - Fabian Rentzsch
- Michael Sars Centre, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgt 55, Bergen, 5006, Norway.
- Department for Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgate 53, Bergen, 5006, Norway.
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2
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Amygdala DCX and blood Cdk14 are implicated as cross-species indicators of individual differences in fear, extinction, and resilience to trauma exposure. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:956-966. [PMID: 34728797 PMCID: PMC9058038 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01353-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Doublecortin (DCX) has long been implicated in, and employed as a marker for, neurogenesis, yet little is known about its function in non-neurogenic brain regions, including the amygdala. This study sought first to explore, in rodents, whether fear learning and extinction modulate amygdala DCX expression and, second, to assess the utility of peripheral DCX correlates as predictive biomarkers of trauma response in rodents and humans. Pavlovian conditioning was found to alter DCX protein levels in mice 24 h later, resulting in higher DCX expression associated with enhanced learning in paradigms examining both the acquisition and extinction of fear (p < 0.001). This, in turn, is associated with differences in freezing on subsequent fear expression tests, and the same relationship between DCX and fear extinction was replicated in rats (p < 0.001), with higher amygdala DCX levels associated with more rapid extinction of fear. RNAseq of amygdala and blood from mice identified 388 amygdala genes that correlated with DCX (q < 0.001) and which gene ontology analyses revealed were significantly over-represented for neurodevelopmental processes. In blood, DCX-correlated genes included the Wnt signaling molecule Cdk14 which was found to predict freezing during both fear acquisition (p < 0.05) and brief extinction protocols (p < 0.001). High Cdk14 measured in blood immediately after testing was also associated with less freezing during fear expression testing (p < 0.01). Finally, in humans, Cdk14 expression in blood taken shortly after trauma was found to predict resilience in males for up to a year post-trauma (p < 0.0001). These data implicate amygdala DCX in fear learning and suggest that Cdk14 may serve as a predictive biomarker of trauma response.
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3
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Lynch EM, Robertson S, FitzGibbons C, Reilly M, Switalski C, Eckardt A, Tey SR, Hayakawa K, Suzuki M. Transcriptome analysis using patient iPSC-derived skeletal myocytes: Bet1L as a new molecule possibly linked to neuromuscular junction degeneration in ALS. Exp Neurol 2021; 345:113815. [PMID: 34310943 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neuromuscular disease in which patients gradually become paralyzed due to loss of motor function. Many genetically inheritable mutations have been linked to ALS; however, the majority of ALS patients are considered sporadic. Therefore, there is a need for a common therapy that is effective for all ALS patients. Although there is evidence of the disease beginning in the periphery at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), the specific processes involved in skeletal muscle and at the NMJ are still largely unknown. To study common disease mechanisms in ALS skeletal muscle, we performed RNA sequencing of skeletal myocytes differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from familial ALS (with C9ORF72, SOD1, or TARDBP mutations) and sporadic ALS patients. Compared to healthy control lines, the myocytes from all ALS lines showed downregulation of four genes: BET1L, DCX, GPC3, and HNRNPK. We next measured the expression levels of these four genes in hind limb muscle samples from a rat model of familial ALS (SOD1G93A transgenic) and found that only the Bet1L gene, which encodes Bet1 Golgi Vesicular Membrane Trafficking Protein Like, was commonly downregulated. Bet1L protein appeared to be localized to the basal lamina of the NMJ, with decreased expression over time in SOD1G93A transgenic rats. Importantly, the expression levels began to decrease early in the disease process. Our results indicate that loss of Bet1L at the NMJ could be of interest for better understanding ALS disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen M Lynch
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Samantha Robertson
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Claire FitzGibbons
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Megan Reilly
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Colton Switalski
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Adam Eckardt
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sin-Ruow Tey
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Koji Hayakawa
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Suzuki
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA; Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA.
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Takamori M. Myasthenia Gravis: From the Viewpoint of Pathogenicity Focusing on Acetylcholine Receptor Clustering, Trans-Synaptic Homeostasis and Synaptic Stability. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:86. [PMID: 32547365 PMCID: PMC7272578 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a disease of the postsynaptic neuromuscular junction (NMJ) where nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptors (AChRs) are targeted by autoantibodies. Search for other pathogenic antigens has detected the antibodies against muscle-specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK) and low-density lipoprotein-related protein 4 (Lrp4), both causing pre- and post-synaptic impairments. Agrin is also suspected as a fourth pathogen. In a complex NMJ organization centering on MuSK: (1) the Wnt non-canonical pathway through the Wnt-Lrp4-MuSK cysteine-rich domain (CRD)-Dishevelled (Dvl, scaffold protein) signaling acts to form AChR prepatterning with axonal guidance; (2) the neural agrin-Lrp4-MuSK (Ig1/2 domains) signaling acts to form rapsyn-anchored AChR clusters at the innervated stage of muscle; (3) adaptor protein Dok-7 acts on MuSK activation for AChR clustering from “inside” and also on cytoskeleton to stabilize AChR clusters by the downstream effector Sorbs1/2; (4) the trans-synaptic retrograde signaling contributes to the presynaptic organization via: (i) Wnt-MuSK CRD-Dvl-β catenin-Slit 2 pathway; (ii) Lrp4; and (iii) laminins. The presynaptic Ca2+ homeostasis conditioning ACh release is modified by autoreceptors such as M1-type muscarinic AChR and A2A adenosine receptors. The post-synaptic structure is stabilized by: (i) laminin-network including the muscle-derived agrin; (ii) the extracellular matrix proteins (including collagen Q/perlecan and biglycan which link to MuSK Ig1 domain and CRD); and (iii) the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex. The study on MuSK ectodomains (Ig1/2 domains and CRD) recognized by antibodies suggested that the MuSK antibodies were pathologically heterogeneous due to their binding to multiple functional domains. Focussing one of the matrix proteins, biglycan which functions in the manner similar to collagen Q, our antibody assay showed the negative result in MG patients. However, the synaptic stability may be impaired by antibodies against MuSK ectodomains because of the linkage of biglycan with MuSK Ig1 domain and CRD. The pathogenic diversity of MG is discussed based on NMJ signaling molecules.
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Nestin Selectively Facilitates the Phosphorylation of the Lissencephaly-Linked Protein Doublecortin (DCX) by cdk5/p35 to Regulate Growth Cone Morphology and Sema3a Sensitivity in Developing Neurons. J Neurosci 2020; 40:3720-3740. [PMID: 32273484 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2471-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nestin, an intermediate filament protein widely used as a marker of neural progenitors, was recently found to be expressed transiently in developing cortical neurons in culture and in developing mouse cortex. In young cortical cultures, nestin regulates axonal growth cone morphology. In addition, nestin, which is known to bind the neuronal cdk5/p35 kinase, affects responses to axon guidance cues upstream of cdk5, specifically, to Sema3a. Changes in growth cone morphology require rearrangements of cytoskeletal networks, and changes in microtubules and actin filaments are well studied. In contrast, the roles of intermediate filament proteins in this process are poorly understood, even in cultured neurons. Here, we investigate the molecular mechanism by which nestin affects growth cone morphology and Sema3a sensitivity. We find that nestin selectively facilitates the phosphorylation of the lissencephaly-linked protein doublecortin (DCX) by cdk5/p35, but the phosphorylation of other cdk5 substrates is not affected by nestin. We uncover that this substrate selectivity is based on the ability of nestin to interact with DCX, but not with other cdk5 substrates. Nestin thus creates a selective scaffold for DCX with activated cdk5/p35. Last, we use cortical cultures derived from Dcx KO mice to show that the effects of nestin on growth cone morphology and on Sema3a sensitivity are DCX-dependent, thus suggesting a functional role for the DCX-nestin complex in neurons. We propose that nestin changes growth cone behavior by regulating the intracellular kinase signaling environment in developing neurons. The sex of animal subjects is unknown.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Nestin, an intermediate filament protein highly expressed in neural progenitors, was recently identified in developing neurons where it regulates growth cone morphology and responsiveness to the guidance cue Sema3a. Changes in growth cone morphology require rearrangements of cytoskeletal networks, but the roles of intermediate filaments in this process are poorly understood. We now report that nestin selectively facilitates phosphorylation of the lissencephaly-linked doublecortin (DCX) by cdk5/p35, but the phosphorylation of other cdk5 substrates is not affected. This substrate selectivity is based on preferential scaffolding of DCX, cdk5, and p35 by nestin. Additionally, we demonstrate a functional role for the DCX-nestin complex in neurons. We propose that nestin changes growth cone behavior by regulating intracellular kinase signaling in developing neurons.
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Cho HK, Kim W, Lee KY, Ahn JO, Choi JH, Hwang IK, Chung JY. Beta-nerve growth factor gene therapy alleviates pyridoxine-induced neuropathic damage by increasing doublecortin and tyrosine kinase A in the dorsal root ganglion. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:162-168. [PMID: 31535665 PMCID: PMC6862420 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.264472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta-nerve growth factor (β-NGF) is known to be a major leading cause of neuronal plasticity. To identify the possible action mechanisms of β-NGF gene therapy for sciatic nerve recovery, experimental dogs were randomly divided into control, pyridoxine, and pyridoxine + β-NGF groups. We observed chronological changes of morphology in the dorsal root ganglia in response to pyridoxine toxicity based on cresyl violet staining. The number of large neurons positive for cresyl violet was dramatically decreased after pyridoxine intoxication for 7 days in the dorsal root ganglia and the neuron number was gradually increased after pyridoxine withdrawal. In addition, we also investigated the effects of β-NGF gene therapy on neuronal plasticity in pyridoxine-induced neuropathic dogs. To accomplish this, tyrosine kinase receptor A (TrkA), βIII-tubulin and doublecortin (DCX) immunohistochemical staining was performed at 3 days after the last pyridoxine treatment. TrkA-immunoreactive neurons were dramatically decreased in the pyridoxine group compared to the control group, but strong TrkA immunoreactivity was observed in the small-sized dorsal root ganglia in this group. TrkA immunoreactivity in the dorsal root ganglia was similar between β-NGF and control groups. The numbers of βIII-tubulin- and DCX-immunoreactive cells decreased significantly in the pyridoxine group compared to the control group. However, the reduction of βIII-tubulin- and DCX-immunoreactive cells in the dorsal root ganglia in the β-NGF group was significantly ameliorated than that in the pyridoxine group. These results indicate that β-NGF gene therapy is a powerful treatment of pyridoxine-induced neuropathic damage by increasing the TrkA and DCX levels in the dorsal root ganglia. The experimental protocol was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of Seoul National University, South Korea (approval No. SNU-060623-1, SNU-091009-1) on June 23, 2006 and October 9, 2009, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Kee Cho
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Woosuk Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwon-Young Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Jin-Ok Ahn
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Choi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, South Korea
| | - In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Young Chung
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, South Korea
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Correction of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β in Myotonic Dystrophy 1 Reduces the Mutant RNA and Improves Postnatal Survival of DMSXL Mice. Mol Cell Biol 2019; 39:MCB.00155-19. [PMID: 31383751 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00155-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a multisystem neuromuscular disease without cure. One of the possible therapeutic approaches for DM1 is correction of the RNA-binding proteins CUGBP1 and MBNL1, misregulated in DM1. CUGBP1 activity is controlled by glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), which is elevated in skeletal muscle of patients with DM1, and inhibitors of GSK3 were suggested as therapeutic molecules to correct CUGBP1 activity in DM1. Here, we describe that correction of GSK3β with a small-molecule inhibitor of GSK3, tideglusib (TG), not only normalizes the GSK3β-CUGBP1 pathway but also reduces the mutant DMPK mRNA in myoblasts from patients with adult DM1 and congenital DM1 (CDM1). Correction of GSK3β in a mouse model of DM1 (HSALR mice) with TG also reduces the levels of CUG-containing RNA, normalizing a number of CUGBP1- and MBNL1-regulated mRNA targets. We also found that the GSK3β-CUGBP1 pathway is abnormal in skeletal muscle and brain of DMSXL mice, expressing more than 1,000 CUG repeats, and that the correction of this pathway with TG increases postnatal survival and improves growth and neuromotor activity of DMSXL mice. These findings show that the inhibitors of GSK3, such as TG, may correct pathology in DM1 and CDM1 via several pathways.
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8
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Zhao G, Oztan A, Ye Y, Schwarz TL. Kinetochore Proteins Have a Post-Mitotic Function in Neurodevelopment. Dev Cell 2019; 48:873-882.e4. [PMID: 30827899 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The kinetochore is a complex of proteins, broadly conserved from yeast to man, that resides at the centromere and is essential for chromosome segregation in dividing cells. There are no known functions of the core complex outside of the centromere. We now show that the proteins of the kinetochore have an essential post-mitotic function in neurodevelopment. At the embryonic neuromuscular junction of Drosophila melanogaster, mutation or knockdown of many kinetochore components cause neurites to overgrow and prevent formation of normal synaptic boutons. Kinetochore proteins were detected in synapses and axons in Drosophila. In post-mitotic cultured hippocampal neurons, knockdown of mis12 increased the filopodia-like protrusions in this region. We conclude that the proteins of the kinetochore are repurposed to sculpt developing synapses and dendrites and thereby contribute to the correct development of neuronal circuits in both invertebrates and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoli Zhao
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Asli Oztan
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yingzhi Ye
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thomas L Schwarz
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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9
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Kim H, Chadwick L, Alzaidi Y, Picker J, Poduri A, Manzi S. HLA-A*31:01 and Oxcarbazepine-Induced DRESS in a Patient With Seizures and Complete DCX Deletion. Pediatrics 2018; 141:S434-S438. [PMID: 29610167 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2017-1361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxcarbazepine is an antiepileptic drug (AED) commonly used as a first-line treatment option for focal epilepsy. Several AEDs, including carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, and phenytoin are associated with various delayed-hypersensitivity reactions such as drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, or toxic epidermal necrolysis. The Food and Drug Administration-approved label for oxcarbazepine currently presents information regarding a pharmacogenomic association with the HLA antigen allele HLA-B*15:02 and hypersensitivity reactions in certain ancestry groups with a high incidence of this allele. However, unlike carbamazepine, screening for the presence of this allele is not routinely recommended before administration of oxcarbazepine. In practice, even with carbamazepine, HLA antigen testing is not always performed before initiating treatment because of lack of physician awareness of the recommendations and because of the desire to initiate treatment without delay. We present the clinical course of a pediatric patient with focal epilepsy refractory to several AEDs who developed drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms after oxcarbazepine administration. The pharmacogenomic testing for various HLA antigen alleles was performed post hoc, and results were evaluated for structural similarities between AEDs and their molecular associations with HLA antigen proteins. In addition, we review the population-wide prevalence of various hypersensitivity reactions to AEDs and associated HLA antigen alleles. Finally, we discuss the potential utility of preemptive pharmacogenomic screening of patients before pharmacological treatment of epilepsy to assess the risk of developing hypersensitivity reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Kim
- Clinical Pharmacogenomics Service.,Departments of Pharmacy and.,School of Pharmacy, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences University, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Laura Chadwick
- Clinical Pharmacogenomics Service.,Departments of Pharmacy and
| | - Yasir Alzaidi
- School of Pharmacy, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences University, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Jonathan Picker
- Clinical Pharmacogenomics Service.,Division of Genetics and Genomics, and.,Departments of Pediatrics and
| | - Annapurna Poduri
- Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shannon Manzi
- Clinical Pharmacogenomics Service, .,Departments of Pharmacy and
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10
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Wei C, Stock L, Valanejad L, Zalewski ZA, Karns R, Puymirat J, Nelson D, Witte D, Woodgett J, Timchenko NA, Timchenko L. Correction of GSK3β at young age prevents muscle pathology in mice with myotonic dystrophy type 1. FASEB J 2018; 32:2073-2085. [PMID: 29203592 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700700r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a progressive neuromuscular disease caused by expanded CUG repeats, which misregulate RNA metabolism through several RNA-binding proteins, including CUG-binding protein/CUGBP1 elav-like factor 1 (CUGBP1/CELF1) and muscleblind 1 protein. Mutant CUG repeats elevate CUGBP1 and alter CUGBP1 activity via a glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β)-cyclin D3-cyclin D-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) signaling pathway. Inhibition of GSK3β corrects abnormal activity of CUGBP1 in DM1 mice [human skeletal actin mRNA, containing long repeats ( HSALR) model]. Here, we show that the inhibition of GSK3β in young HSALR mice prevents development of DM1 muscle pathology. Skeletal muscle in 1-yr-old HSALR mice, treated at 1.5 mo for 6 wk with the inhibitors of GSK3, exhibits high fiber density, corrected atrophy, normal fiber size, with reduced central nuclei and normalized grip strength. Because CUG-GSK3β-cyclin D3-CDK4 converts the active form of CUGBP1 into a form of translational repressor, we examined the contribution of CUGBP1 in myogenesis using Celf1 knockout mice. We found that a loss of CUGBP1 disrupts myogenesis, affecting genes that regulate differentiation and the extracellular matrix. Proteins of those pathways are also misregulated in young HSALR mice and in muscle biopsies of patients with congenital DM1. These findings suggest that the correction of GSK3β-CUGBP1 pathway in young HSALR mice might have a positive effect on the myogenesis over time.-Wei, C., Stock, L., Valanejad, L., Zalewski, Z. A., Karns, R., Puymirat, J., Nelson, D., Witte, D., Woodgett, J., Timchenko, N. A., Timchenko, L. Correction of GSK3β at young age prevents muscle pathology in mice with myotonic dystrophy type 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Wei
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Lauren Stock
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Leila Valanejad
- Department of Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Zachary A Zalewski
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rebekah Karns
- Department of Bioinformatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jack Puymirat
- Centre Hospitalier-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Quebéc, Canada
| | - David Nelson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David Witte
- Department of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; and
| | - Jim Woodgett
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nikolai A Timchenko
- Department of Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Lubov Timchenko
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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11
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Takamori M. Synaptic Homeostasis and Its Immunological Disturbance in Neuromuscular Junction Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040896. [PMID: 28441759 PMCID: PMC5412475 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the neuromuscular junction, postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) clustering, trans-synaptic communication and synaptic stabilization are modulated by the molecular mechanisms underlying synaptic plasticity. The synaptic functions are based presynaptically on the active zone architecture, synaptic vesicle proteins, Ca2+ channels and synaptic vesicle recycling. Postsynaptically, they are based on rapsyn-anchored nAChR clusters, localized sensitivity to ACh, and synaptic stabilization via linkage to the extracellular matrix so as to be precisely opposed to the nerve terminal. Focusing on neural agrin, Wnts, muscle-specific tyrosine kinase (a mediator of agrin and Wnts signalings and regulator of trans-synaptic communication), low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (the receptor of agrin and Wnts and participant in retrograde signaling), laminin-network (including muscle-derived agrin), extracellular matrix proteins (participating in the synaptic stabilization) and presynaptic receptors (including muscarinic and adenosine receptors), we review the functional structures of the synapse by making reference to immunological pathogenecities in postsynaptic disease, myasthenia gravis. The synapse-related proteins including cortactin, coronin-6, caveolin-3, doublecortin, R-spondin 2, amyloid precursor family proteins, glia cell-derived neurotrophic factor and neurexins are also discussed in terms of their possible contribution to efficient synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaharu Takamori
- Neurological Center, Kanazawa-Nishi Hospital, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-0025, Japan.
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12
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Belle M, Godefroy D, Couly G, Malone SA, Collier F, Giacobini P, Chédotal A. Tridimensional Visualization and Analysis of Early Human Development. Cell 2017; 169:161-173.e12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Regulation of neuroendocrine cells and neuron factors in the ovary by zinc oxide nanoparticles. Toxicol Lett 2016; 256:19-32. [PMID: 27215404 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The pubertal period is an important window during the development of the female reproductive system. Development of the pubertal ovary, which supplies the oocytes intended for fertilization, requires growth factors, hormones, and neuronal factors. It has been reported that zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) cause cytotoxicity of neuron cells. However, there have been no reports of the effects of ZnO NPs on neuronal factors and neuroendocrine cells in the ovary (in vivo). For the first time, this in vivo study investigated the effects of ZnO NPs on gene and protein expression of neuronal factors and the population of neuroendocrine cells in ovaries. Intact NPs were detected in ovarian tissue and although ZnO NPs did not alter body weight, they reduced the ovary organ index. Compared to the control or ZnSO4 treatments, ZnO NPs treatments differentially regulated neuronal factor protein and gene expression, and the population of neuroendocrine cells. ZnO NPs changed the contents of essential elements in the ovary; however, they did not alter levels of the steroid hormones estrogen and progesterone. These data together suggest that intact ZnO NPs might pose a toxic effect on neuron development in the ovary and eventually negatively affect ovarian developmental at puberty.
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Yoshihara SI, Takahashi H, Tsuboi A. Molecular Mechanisms Regulating the Dendritic Development of Newborn Olfactory Bulb Interneurons in a Sensory Experience-Dependent Manner. Front Neurosci 2016; 9:514. [PMID: 26793053 PMCID: PMC4709855 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory interneurons in the olfactory bulb are generated continuously throughout life in the subventricular zone and differentiate into periglomerular and granule cells. Neural circuits that undergo reorganization by newborn olfactory bulb interneurons are necessary for odor detection, odor discrimination, olfactory memory, and innate olfactory responses. Although sensory experience has been shown to regulate development in a variety of species and in various structures, including the retina, cortex, and hippocampus, little is known about how sensory experience regulates the dendritic development of newborn olfactory bulb interneurons. Recent studies revealed that the 5T4 oncofetal trophoblast glycoprotein and the neuronal Per/Arnt/Sim domain protein 4 (Npas4) transcription factor regulate dendritic branching and dendritic spine formation, respectively, in olfactory bulb interneurons. Here, we summarize the molecular mechanisms that underlie the sensory input-dependent development of newborn interneurons and the formation of functional neural circuitry in the olfactory bulb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sei-Ichi Yoshihara
- Laboratory for the Molecular Biology of Neural Systems, Advanced Medical Research Center, Nara Medical University Kashihara, Japan
| | - Hiroo Takahashi
- Laboratory for the Molecular Biology of Neural Systems, Advanced Medical Research Center, Nara Medical University Kashihara, Japan
| | - Akio Tsuboi
- Laboratory for the Molecular Biology of Neural Systems, Advanced Medical Research Center, Nara Medical University Kashihara, Japan
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