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Yao Y, Chen Q, Zhou H. Virulence Factors and Pathogenicity Mechanisms of Acinetobacter baumannii in Respiratory Infectious Diseases. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1749. [PMID: 38136783 PMCID: PMC10740465 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12121749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) has become a notorious pathogen causing nosocomial and community-acquired infections, especially ventilator-associated pneumonia. This opportunistic pathogen is found to possess powerful genomic plasticity and numerous virulence factors that facilitate its success in the infectious process. Although the interactions between A. baumannii and the pulmonary epitheliums have been extensively studied, a complete and specific description of its overall pathogenic process is lacking. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the antibiotic resistance and virulence factors of A. baumannii, specifically focusing on the pathogenic mechanisms of this detrimental pathogen in respiratory infectious diseases. An expansion of the knowledge regarding A. baumannii pathogenesis will contribute to the development of effective therapies based on immunopathology or intracellular signaling pathways to eliminate this harmful pathogen during infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hua Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (Y.Y.); (Q.C.)
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Bagińska N, Harhala MA, Cieślik M, Orwat F, Weber-Dąbrowska B, Dąbrowska K, Górski A, Jończyk-Matysiak E. Biological Properties of 12 Newly Isolated Acinetobacter baumannii-Specific Bacteriophages. Viruses 2023; 15:231. [PMID: 36680270 PMCID: PMC9866556 DOI: 10.3390/v15010231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections with the opportunistic Gram-negative bacterium Acinetobacter baumannii pose a serious threat today, which is aggravated by the growing problem of multi-drug resistance among bacteria, caused by the overuse of antibiotics. Treatment of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant A. baumannii strains with the use of phage therapy is not only a promising alternative, but sometimes the only option. Therefore, phages specific for clinical multi-drug resistant A. baumannii were searched for in environmental, municipal, and hospital wastewater samples collected from different locations in Poland. The conducted research allowed us to determine the biological properties and morphology of the tested phages. As a result of our research, 12 phages specific for A. baumannii, 11 of which turned out to be temperate and only one lytic, were isolated. Their lytic spectra ranged from 11 to 75%. The plaques formed by most phages were small and transparent, while one of them formed relatively large plaques with a clearly marked 'halo' effect. Based on Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), most of our phages have been classified as siphoviruses (only one phage was classified as a podovirus). All phages have icosahedral capsid symmetry, and 11 of them have a long tail. Optimal multiplicity of infections (MOIs) and the adsorption rate were also determined. MOI values varied depending on the phage-from 0.001 to 10. Based on similarities to known bacteriophages, our A. baumannii-specific phages have been proposed to belong to the Beijerinckvirinae and Junivirinae subfamilies. This study provides an additional tool in the fight against this important pathogen and may boost the interest in phage therapy as an alternative and supplement to the current antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Bagińska
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marek Adam Harhala
- Laboratory of Phage Molecular Biology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Martyna Cieślik
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Filip Orwat
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Beata Weber-Dąbrowska
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
- Phage Therapy Unit, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Krystyna Dąbrowska
- Laboratory of Phage Molecular Biology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Górski
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
- Phage Therapy Unit, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
- Infant Jesus Hospital, The Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Jończyk-Matysiak
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
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Wei C, Chen J, Anwar TM, Huang L, Yang W, Dong X, Chen Q, Yue M, Yu D. Genomic Determinants of Pathogenicity and Antimicrobial Resistance of Nosocomial Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical Isolates of Hospitalized Patients (2019-2021) from a Sentinel Hospital in Hangzhou, China. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:2939-2952. [PMID: 37201122 PMCID: PMC10187652 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s407577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii or AB) is one of the most opportunistic, nosocomial pathogens threatening public healthcare across countries. A. baumannii has become a primary growing concern due to its exceptional ability to acquire antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to multiple antimicrobial agents which is increasingly reported and more prevalent every year. Therefore, there is an urgent need to evaluate the AMR knowledge of A. baumannii for effective clinical treatment of nosocomial infections. This study aimed to investigate the clinical distribution AMR phenotypes and genotypes, and genomic characteristics of A. baumannii isolates recovered from hospitalized patients of different clinical departments of a sentinel hospital to improve clinical practices. Methods A total of 123 clinical isolates were recovered from hospitalized patients of different clinical departments during 2019-2021 to analyze AMR patterns, and further subjected to whole-genome sequencing (WGS) investigations. Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), as well as the presence of antimicrobial-resistant genes (ARGs), virulence factor genes (VFGs) and insertion sequences (ISs) were also investigated from WGS data. Results The results highlighted that A. baumannii clinical isolates had shown a high AMR rate, particularly from the intensive care unit (ICU), towards routinely used antimicrobials, ie, β-lactams and fluoroquinolones. ST2 was the most prevalent ST in the clinical isolates, it was strongly associated to the resistance of cephalosporins and carbapenems, with blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-66 being the most frequent determinants; moreover, high carrier rate of VFGs was also observed such as all strains containing the ompA, adeF, pgaC, lpsB, and bfmR genes. Conclusion Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates are mostly ST2 with high rates of drug resistance and carrier of virulence factors. Therefore, it requires measurements to control its transmission and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxing Wei
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tanveer Muhammad Anwar
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingling Huang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Yang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueyan Dong
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Yue
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, People’s Republic of China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Min Yue; Daojun Yu, Email ;
| | - Daojun Yu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People’s Republic of China
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Rudenko N, Karatovskaya A, Zamyatina A, Shepelyakovskaya A, Semushina S, Brovko F, Shpirt A, Torgov V, Kolotyrkina N, Zinin A, Kasimova A, Perepelov A, Shneider M, Knirel Y. Immune Response to Conjugates of Fragments of the Type K9 Capsular Polysaccharide of Acinetobacter baumannii with Carrier Proteins. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0167422. [PMID: 35980044 PMCID: PMC9602423 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01674-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The clonal bacterial species Acinetobacter baumannii is an emerging multidrug-resistant pathogen which causes high-lethality infections. Cells of A. baumannii are surrounded by the type-specific capsular polysaccharide (CPS), which provides resistance to the protective mechanisms of the host and is considered a target for immunization. The conjugates of three inert carrier proteins and A. baumannii type K9 CPS fragments, which contained various numbers of oligosaccharide repeats (K-units), were synthesized by periodate oxidation and squaric acid chemistry. The conjugates were applied to immunize mice, and chemical synthesis by squaric acid was shown to significantly improve the immunogenic properties of glycoconjugate. In BALB/c mice, IgG antibodies were predominant among type K9 CPS reactive antibodies, and their total content was several times higher than that of IgM. Immune sera were characterized by their opsonization ability during practically the entire lives of the experimental mice. The sera were cross-reactive, but the highest specificity was observed against the antigen (type K9 CPS) used for immunization. The immunization of BALB/c and ICR-1 mice with a glycoconjugate without adjuvants led to varying degrees of stimulation of IL-10, IL-17A, and TNF-α production, but not IL-4 production in the ICR-1 mice. This is in contrast to the BALB/c mice, in which γ-IFN production was also activated. The protective effectiveness of the glycoconjugates obtained by squaric acid chemistry was demonstrated by experiments that involved challenging immunized and nonimmunized animals with a lethal dose of A. baumannii K9. IMPORTANCE Immunization by glycoconjugates with A. baumannii type K9 CPS fragments induced a high level of antibodies (predominantly IgG) in sera, which reacted specifically with the CPS of A. baumannii type K9, as well as a long immunological memory. The sera of immunized animals efficiently opsonized A. baumannii type K9. Immunization resulted in the balanced production of pro/anti-inflammatory lymphokines and protective antibodies to ensure the survival of the mice infected with A. baumannii. The level of specific antibodies was sufficient to provide protective immunity against the challenge by A. baumannii, making this approach applicable in the development of vaccine preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Rudenko
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Pushchino Branch, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Anna Karatovskaya
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Pushchino Branch, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Anna Zamyatina
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Pushchino Branch, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Anna Shepelyakovskaya
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Pushchino Branch, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Svetlana Semushina
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Pushchino Branch, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Fedor Brovko
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Pushchino Branch, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Anna Shpirt
- Laboratory of Carbohydrates and Biocides, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Torgov
- Laboratory of Carbohydrates and Biocides, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Kolotyrkina
- Laboratory of Carbohydrates and Biocides, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandr Zinin
- Laboratory of Carbohydrates and Biocides, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasiya Kasimova
- Laboratory of Carbohydrates and Biocides, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei Perepelov
- Laboratory of Carbohydrates and Biocides, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Shneider
- Laboratory of Molecular Bioengineering, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuriy Knirel
- Laboratory of Carbohydrates and Biocides, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Kadhom HA, Ali MR. Epidemiological Molecular Analysis of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates using a multilocus sequencing typing and Global lineage. BIONATURA 2022. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/2022.07.01.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Multilocus sequence typing MLST method was used to recognize outbreaks of hospitals distinct clonal lineages of A. baumannii; these schemes appeared to provide largely concordant classifications that have been tools to evaluate the population structures of bacterial pathogens. One hundred fifty samples were collected from different specimens of patients within Baghdad hospitals (blood 40%, CSF 5%, urine 5%) between July 2019 to February 2020. Then identification all isolated as phenotypic detection and performed using PCR amplification of 16srRNA and blaOXA-51-like as genotypic detections. According to clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI) guidelines, Susceptibility testing was performed. Clonally analysis was performed by global lineage ICs correlated with multilocus sequence typing (MLST) when our data showed a very high rate of antimicrobial resistance in all hospital isolates, especially against colistin (8%) which determined the PDR isolates from other types also recorded 70% of isolates standing for carbapenems antibiotics (IMI 32%, MER70%& DOR 64%). Then already clustered into four groups according to multiplex PCR for two groups of three genes (ompA, csuE & blaOXA-51-like) where IC II was predominant in Iraq but in our strains founding ICI (38%) more prevalence one followed by IC0 (26%) then ICII and ICIII (20% &16% respectively). MLST used for detected the common sequence types (STs) of our selected 8 A. baumannii strains (IC0/A11, ICI/A6,48, ICII/A33,50,19 and ICIII/A1,36) were performed by using 7 housekeeping genes than were submitted in the MLST Pasteur scheme dataset (ID 5098, 5099, 5100, 5101, 5102, 5103, 5482 & 5483) followed by statistical eBurst analysis was done to study Clonal complexes (CCs). Identified 5 new STs (8, 444, 346, 1587 & 621) within Iraq and new one ST (1830) worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba A. Kadhom
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Munim R. Ali
- College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
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Borgio JF, Rasdan AS, Sonbol B, Alhamid G, Almandil NB, AbdulAzeez S. Emerging Status of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria and Fungi in the Arabian Peninsula. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10111144. [PMID: 34827138 PMCID: PMC8614875 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The incidence and developing status of multidrug-resistant bacteria and fungi, as well as their related mortality, is reviewed by a systematic published literature search from nine countries in the Arabian Peninsula. In order to analyse the emerging status and mortality, a total of 382 research articles were selected from a comprehensive screening of 1705 papers. More than 850 deaths reported since 2010 in the Arabian Peninsula due to the infection of multidrug-resistant bacteria and fungi. Multidrug-resistant bacteria Acinetobacter baumannii, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus, and fungi Candida auris are the most prevalent and causing high deaths. To control these infections and associated deaths in the Arabian Peninsula, continuous preventive measures, accurate methods for early diagnosis of infection, active surveillance, constant monitoring, developing vaccines, eradicating multidrug resistance modulators, and data sharing among countries are required. Abstract We aimed to identify the prevalence and emerging status of multidrug-resistant bacteria and fungi and their associated mortality in nine countries in the Arabian Peninsula. Original research articles and case studies regarding multidrug-resistant bacteria and fungi in the Arabian Peninsula, published during the last 10 years, were retrieved from PubMed and Scopus. A total of 382 studies were included as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria, as well as the PRISMA guidelines, from a thorough screening of 1705 articles, in order to analyse the emerging status and mortality. The emerging nature of >120 multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria and fungi in the Arabian Peninsula is a serious concern that requires continuous monitoring and immediate preventive measures. More than 50% (n = 453) of multidrug-resistant, microbe-associated mortality (n = 871) in the Arabian Peninsula was due to MDR Acinetobacter baumannii, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Staphylococcus aureus infection. Overall, a 16.51% mortality was reported among MDR-infected patients in the Arabian Peninsula from the 382 articles of this registered systematic review. MDR A. baumannii (5600 isolates) prevailed in all the nine countries of the Arabian Peninsula and was one of the fastest emerging MDR bacteria with the highest mortality (n = 210). A total of 13,087 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were reported in the region. Candida auris (580 strains) is the most prevalent among the MDR fungal pathogen in the Arabian Peninsula, having caused 54 mortalities. Active surveillance, constant monitoring, the development of a candidate vaccine, an early diagnosis of MDR infection, the elimination of multidrug resistance modulators and uninterrupted preventive measures with enhanced data sharing are mandatory to control MDR infection and associated diseases of the Arabian Peninsula. Accurate and rapid detection methods are needed to differentiate MDR strain from other strains of the species. This review summarises the logical relation, prevalence, emerging status and associated mortality of MDR microbes in the Arabian Peninsula.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Francis Borgio
- Department of Epidemic Diseases Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.R.); (B.S.); (G.A.)
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +966-013-3330864
| | - Alia Saeed Rasdan
- Department of Epidemic Diseases Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.R.); (B.S.); (G.A.)
| | - Bayan Sonbol
- Department of Epidemic Diseases Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.R.); (B.S.); (G.A.)
| | - Galyah Alhamid
- Department of Epidemic Diseases Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.R.); (B.S.); (G.A.)
| | - Noor B. Almandil
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sayed AbdulAzeez
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
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Antimicrobial resistance and molecular epidemiology of virulence genes among multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates in Iran. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Syzygium aromaticum Extracts as a Potential Antibacterial Inhibitors against Clinical Isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii: An In-Silico-Supported In-Vitro Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10091062. [PMID: 34572644 PMCID: PMC8472170 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10091062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Imipenem is the most efficient antibiotic against Acinetobacter baumannii infection, but new research has shown that the organism has also developed resistance to this agent. A. baumannii isolates from a total of 110 clinical samples were identified by multiplex PCR. The antibacterial activity of Syzygium aromaticum multiple extracts was assessed following the GC-Mass spectra analysis. The molecular docking study was performed to investigate the binding mode of interactions of guanosine (Ethanolic extract compound) against Penicillin- binding proteins 1 and 3 of A. baumannii. Ten isolates of A. baumannii were confirmed to carry recA and iutA genes. Isolates were multidrug-resistant containing blaTEM and BlaSHV. The concentrations (0.04 to 0.125 mg mL-1) of S. aromaticum ethanolic extract were very promising against A. baumannii isolates. Even though imipenem (0.02 mg mL-1) individually showed a great bactericidal efficacy against all isolates, the in-silico study of guanosine, apioline, eugenol, and elemicin showed acceptable fitting to the binding site of the A. baumannii PBP1 and/or PBP3 with highest binding energy for guanosine between -7.1 and -8.1 kcal/mol respectively. Moreover, it formed π-stacked interactions with the residue ARG76 at 4.14 and 5.6, Å respectively. These findings might support the in vitro study and show a substantial increase in binding affinity and enhanced physicochemical characteristics compared to imipenem.
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Phenotypic and Genotypic Evaluation of Antibiotic Resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii Bacteria Isolated from Surgical Intensive Care Unit Patients in Pakistan. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.113008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) is a significant nosocomial pathogen, causing serious threats concerning community-wide outbreaks globally, as well as in Pakistan. Antimicrobial resistance in A. baumannii is increasing day by day. Objectives: The study aimed to find out the antibiotic resistance (AMR) patterns and evaluate the AMR genes in clinical isolates from patients admitted to the surgical Intensive Care units (ICUs) at different hospitals in Lahore, Pakistan. Methods: A total of 593 clinical specimens were collected from patients admitted to the surgical ICUs of three different local hospitals in Lahore, Pakistan. From these samples, a total of 90 A. baumannii isolates were identified and further investigated to observe phenotypic resistance patterns and detect carbapenemases resistance genes. Results: The results showed that phenotypic resistance against amikacin was 27.2%, ceftriaxone 100%, ceftazidime 27.2%, cefepime 63.3%, ciprofloxacin and co-trimoxazole 100%, gentamicin 40%, imipenem 22.2%, meropenem 21.1%, piperacillin-tazobactam 27.2%, tigecycline 27.2%, and tetracycline 63.3%. All A. baumannii isolates were found to be sensitive to colistin (CT), polymixin-B (PB), and tobramycin (TOB). The PCR amplification of carbapenemases genes revealed the prevalence of blaOXA-23, blaOXA-51, and blaOXA-40 in 73, 90, and 64.4% of the isolates, respectively, along with blaNDM1 (92.2%), blaVIM (40%), blaIMP (90%), ISAba1 (85.5%), sul1 (16.6%), sul2 (20%), armA (32.2%), and PER-1 (12%) while the blaOXA-24 and blaOXA-58 genes were not detected in the isolates. The sequence analysis of the blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-51 genes showed 98% and 95% similarity with previously reported sequences in the GenBank database. Conclusions: The present study indicated that the emergence of high carbapenem resistance in CRAB isolates has increased, which may pose serious limitations in the choice of drugs for nosocomial infections.
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Mobilized colistin resistance (mcr) genes from 1 to 10: a comprehensive review. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:2897-2907. [PMID: 33839987 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06307-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
At the present time, the polymyxin antibiotic colistin is considered a last-line treatment option for severe human infections caused by multi-drug and carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Lately, the vast spread of colistin resistance among bacteria has got great attention worldwide due to its significant role as the last refuge in treating diseases caused by the resistant infectious agents. Therefore, the discovery of plasmid-mediated mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes raised global public health concerns as they can spread by horizontal transfer and have chances of global dissemination. To date, ten slightly different variants of the mcr-1 gene (mcr-1 to mcr-10) have been identified in different bacteria isolated from animals, foods, farms, humans, and the environment. Therefore, the issue of mcr spread is growing and worsening day after day. In this backdrop, the current article presents an overview of mcr variants, their spread, and the resistance mechanisms they confer. Hence, this paper will advance our knowledge about colistin resistance while supporting the efforts toward better stewardship and proper usage of antimicrobials.
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Molecular Epidemiology of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates from Northern Africa and the Middle East. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10030291. [PMID: 33799540 PMCID: PMC8002098 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10030291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
At the Bundeswehr Hospitals of Hamburg and Westerstede, patients repatriated from subtropical war and crisis zones of Northern Africa and the Middle East were medically treated, including microbiological assessment. Within a six-year interval, 16 Acinetobacter spp. strains, including 14 Acinetobacter baumannii (Ab) isolates with resistance against carbapenems and origins in Afghanistan (n = 4), Iraq (n = 2), Libya (n = 2), and Syria (n = 8) were collected. While clonal relationships of Libyan and Syrian strains had been assessed by superficial next generation sequencing (NGS) and “DiversiLab” repetitive elements sequence-based (rep-)PCR so far, this study provides core genome-based sequence typing and thus more detailed epidemiological information. In detail, sequencing allowed a definitive species identification and comparison with international outbreak-associated Ab strains by core genome multi locus sequence typing (cgMLST) and the identification of MLST lineages, as well as the identification of known resistance genes. The sequence analysis allowed for the confirmation of outbreak-associated clonal clusters among the Syrian and Afghan Ab isolates, indicating likely transmission events. The identified acquired carbapenem resistance genes comprised blaOXA-23, blaOXA-58, blaNDM-1, and blaGES-11, next to other intrinsic and acquired, partly mobile resistance-associated genes. Eleven out of 14 Ab isolates clustered with the previously described international clonal lineages IC1 (4 Afghan strains), IC2 (6 Syrian strains), and IC7 (1 Syrian strain). Identified Pasteur sequence types of the 14 Ab strains comprised ST2 (Syrian), ST25 (Libyan), ST32 (Iraqi), ST81 (Afghan), ST85 (Libyan), and ST1112 (Syrian), respectively. In conclusion, the study revealed a broad spectrum of resistance genes in Ab isolated from war-injured patients from Northern Africa and the Middle East, thereby broadening the scarcely available data on locally abundant clonal lineages and resistance mechanisms.
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Colistin Dependence in Extensively Drug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Strain Is Associated with IS Ajo2 and IS Aba13 Insertions and Multiple Cellular Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020576. [PMID: 33430070 PMCID: PMC7827689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The nosocomial opportunistic Gram-negative bacterial pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii is resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents and an emerging global health problem. The polymyxin antibiotic colistin, targeting the negatively charged lipid A component of the lipopolysaccharide on the bacterial cell surface, is often considered as the last-resort treatment, but resistance to colistin is unfortunately increasing worldwide. Notably, colistin-susceptible A. baumannii can also develop a colistin dependence after exposure to this drug in vitro. Colistin dependence might represent a stepping stone to resistance also in vivo. However, the mechanisms are far from clear. To address this issue, we combined proteogenomics, high-resolution microscopy, and lipid profiling to characterize and compare A. baumannii colistin-susceptible clinical isolate (Ab-S) of to its colistin-dependent subpopulation (Ab-D) obtained after subsequent passages in moderate colistin concentrations. Incidentally, in the colistin-dependent subpopulation the lpxA gene was disrupted by insertion of ISAjo2, the lipid A biosynthesis terminated, and Ab-D cells displayed a lipooligosaccharide (LOS)-deficient phenotype. Moreover, both mlaD and pldA genes were perturbed by insertions of ISAjo2 and ISAba13, and LOS-deficient bacteria displayed a capsule with decreased thickness as well as other surface imperfections. The major changes in relative protein abundance levels were detected in type 6 secretion system (T6SS) components, the resistance-nodulation-division (RND)-type efflux pumps, and in proteins involved in maintenance of outer membrane asymmetry. These findings suggest that colistin dependence in A. baumannii involves an ensemble of mechanisms seen in resistance development and accompanied by complex cellular events related to insertional sequences (ISs)-triggered LOS-deficiency. To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating the involvement of ISAjo2 and ISAba13 IS elements in the modulation of the lipid A biosynthesis and associated development of dependence on colistin.
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Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii as an emerging concern in hospitals. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:6987-6998. [PMID: 34460060 PMCID: PMC8403534 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06690-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii has become a major concern for scientific attention due to extensive antimicrobial resistance. This resistance causes an increase in mortality rate because strains resistant to antimicrobial agents are a major challenge for physicians and healthcare workers regarding the eradication of either hospital or community-based infections. These strains with emerging resistance are a serious issue for patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Antibiotic resistance has increased because of the acquirement of mobile genetic elements such as transposons, plasmids, and integrons and causes the prevalence of multidrug resistance strains (MDR). In addition, an increase in carbapenem resistance, which is used as last line antibiotic treatment to eliminate infections with multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, is a major concern. Carbapenems resistant A. baumannii (CR-Ab) is a worldwide problem. Because these strains are often resistant to all other commonly used antibiotics. Therefore, pathogenic multi-drug resistance A. baumannii (MDR-Ab) associated infections become hard to eradicate. Plasmid-mediated resistance causes outbreaks of extensive drug-resistant. A. baumannii (XDR-Ab). In addition, recent outbreaks relating to livestock and community settings illustrate the existence of large MDR-Ab strain reservoirs within and outside hospital settings. The purpose of this review, proper monitoring, prevention, and treatment are required to control (XDR-Ab) infections. Attachment, the formation of biofilms and the secretion of toxins, and low activation of inflammatory responses are mechanisms used by pathogenic A. baumannii strain. This review will discuss some aspects associated with antibiotics resistance in A. baumannii as well as cover briefly phage therapy as an alternative therapeutic treatment.
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Govender R, Amoah ID, Kumari S, Bux F, Stenström TA. Detection of multidrug resistant environmental isolates of acinetobacter and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: a possible threat for community acquired infections? JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2020; 56:213-225. [PMID: 33378222 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2020.1865747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Acinetobacter spp. and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia are bacteria commonly associated with infections at the clinical settings. Reports of infections caused by environmental isolates are rare. Therefore, this study focused on determination of the antibiotic resistance patterns, antibiotic resistance genes, efflux pumps and virulence signatures of Acinetobacter spp. and S. maltophilia recovered from river water, plant rhizosphere and river sediment samples. The isolates were identified and confirmed using biochemical tests and PCR. The antimicrobial resistance profiles of the isolates were determined using Kirby Bauer disk diffusion assay and presence of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes were detected using PCR. S. maltophilia was more frequent in plant rhizosphere and sediment samples than the water samples. Acinetobacter spp. were mostly resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (96% of isolates), followed by polymyxin b (86%), cefixime (54%), colistin (42%), ampicillin (35%) and meropenem (19%). The S. maltophilia isolates displayed total resistance (100%) to trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole, meropenem, imipenem, ampicillin and cefixime, while 80% of the isolates were resistant to ceftazidime. Acinetobacter spp. contained different antibiotic resistance genes such as sul1 (24% of isolates), sul2 (29%), blaOXA 23/51 (21%) and blaTEM (29%), while S. maltophilia harbored sul1 (8%) and blaTEM (20%). Additionally, efflux pump genes were present in all S. maltophilia isolates. The presence of multidrug resistant Acinetobacter spp. and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in surface water raises concerns for community-acquired infections as this water is directly been used by the community for various purposes. Therefore, there is the need to institute measures aimed at reducing the risks of these infections and the resulting burden this may have on the health care system within the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshme Govender
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Isaac D Amoah
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sheena Kumari
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Faizal Bux
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Thor A Stenström
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
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Hassan PA, Khider AK. Correlation of biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance among clinical and soil isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii in Iraq. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2020; 67:161-170. [PMID: 31833386 DOI: 10.1556/030.66.2019.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen that is reported as a major cause of nosocomial infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the biofilm formation by A. baumannii clinical and soil isolates, to display their susceptibility to 11 antibiotics and to study a possible relationship between formation of biofilm and multidrug resistance. During 8 months period, from June 2016 to January 2017, a total of 52 clinical and 22 soil isolates of A. baumannii were collected and identified through conventional phenotypic, chromo agar, biochemical tests, API 20E system, and confirmed genotypically by PCR for blaOXA-51-like gene. Antibiotic susceptibility of isolates was determined by standard disk diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute. The biofilm formation was studied using Congo red agar, test tube, and microtiter plate methods. The clinical isolates were 100% resistance to ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, piperacillin, 96.15% to gentamicin, 96.15% to imipenem, 92.31% to meropenem, and 78.85% to amikacin. The soil A. baumannii isolates were 100% sensitive to imipenem, meropenem, and gentamicin, and 90.1% to ciprofloxacin. All A. baumannii isolates (clinical and soil) were susceptible to polymyxin B. The percentage of biofilm formation in Congo red agar, test tube, and microtiter plate assays was 10.81%, 63.51%, and 86.48%, respectively. More robust biofilm former population was mainly among non-MDR isolates. Isolates with a higher level of resistance tended to form weaker biofilms. The soil isolates exhibited less resistance to antibiotics than clinical isolates. However, the soil isolates produce stronger biofilms than clinical isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pakhshan A. Hassan
- 1 Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Adel K. Khider
- 2 Department of Biology, College of Education, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq
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AL Marjani MF, Ali FS, Authman SH, AL Kadmy IM, Abdul Amir RM. Identification of novel 1, 3-oxazole and imidazole-5-one that inhibits bacterial biofilm formation of Acinetobacter baumannii. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Al-Kadmy IM. Manufacturing silver nano-coating currencies to prevent the bacteria growing on the surface of currency. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Seasonal Shift in Physicochemical Factors Revealed the Ecological Variables that Modulate the Density of Acinetobacter Species in Freshwater Resources. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17103606. [PMID: 32455589 PMCID: PMC7277360 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Certain environmental variables are responsible for the survival of microorganisms in aquatic environments. The influence of these environmental factors in each season (winter, autumn, spring and summer) of the year can be used to track changes in a microbial population in freshwater resources. In this study, we assessed the effect of seasonal shifts in environmental variables including temperature, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and turbidity (TBS) among others on the density of Acinetobacter species in the Great Fish, Keiskamma and Tyhume rivers in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Water samples and values of the environmental factors were taken from the rivers for 12 months. The density of presumptive Acinetobacter species was estimated from the culture of water samples on a CHROMagar selective medium, while the Acinetobacter-specific recA gene was targeted for the identification of Acinetobacter species using PCR assay. The multivariate relationship between seasons and changes in variables was created using PCA, while the effect of seasonal shifts in the environmental variables on the density of Acinetobacter species was evaluated using correlation test and topological graphs. Positive association patterns were observed between the seasons, environmental factors and the bacterial density in the rivers. In addition, temperature, TBS, TSS and BOD tended to influence the bacterial density more than other physicochemical factors in the rivers across the seasons. Of the total 1107 presumptive Acinetobacter species, 844 were confirmed as Acinetobacter species. Therefore, these findings suggested that the rivers contain Acinetobacter species that could be useful for basic and applied study in ecology or biotechnology, while their clinical relevance in causing diseases cannot be underestimated.
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Madaha EL, Gonsu HK, Bughe RN, Fonkoua MC, Ateba CN, Mbacham WF. Occurrence of blaTEM and blaCTXM Genes and Biofilm-Forming Ability among Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8050708. [PMID: 32403300 PMCID: PMC7285512 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8050708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PSA) and Acinetobacter baumannii (ACB) are non-fermentative bacteria mostly associated with nosocomial infections in humans. Objective: This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial resistance profiles and virulence gene of PSA and ACB previously isolated from humans in selected health facilities in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Methods: A total of 77 and 27 presumptive PSA and ACB isolates, respectively, were collected from the Yaoundé teaching hospital. These isolates were previously isolated from various samples including pus, blood and broncho-alveolar lavage. The identities of the isolates were determined through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of PSA and ACB specific sequences. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was performed using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. Phenotypical expression of AmpC β-lactamases (AmpC), extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and metallo β-Lactamases (MBLs) were determined using the combined disc method. Bacterial genomes were screened for the presence of β-lactamases blaTEM and blaCTXM genes using specific PCR. The pathogenicity of PSA and ACB was assessed through amplification of the lasB, exoA, pslA and exoS as well as OmpA and csuE virulence genes, respectively. Results: Of the 77 presumptive PSA isolates, a large proportion (75 to 97.4%) were positively identified. All (100%) of the presumptive 27 ACB harbored the ACB-specific ITS gene fragment by PCR. Twenty five percent of the PSA isolates produced ESBLs phenotypically while more than 90% of these isolates were positive for the lasB, exoA, pslA and exoS genes. A large proportion (88%) of the ACB isolates harboured the OmpA and csuE genes. blaTEM and blaCTXM were detected in 17 and 4% of PSA, respectively, while a much higher proportion (70 and 29%) of the ACB isolates possessed these resistance determinants respectively. Conclusion: Our findings reveal the occurrence of both virulence and drug-resistant determinants in clinical PSA and ACB isolates from patients in health care settings in Yaoundé, Cameroon, thus suggesting their role in the pathological conditions in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Longla Madaha
- Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon; (E.L.M.); (R.N.B.)
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon;
- Department of Disease, Epidemics and Pandemics Control, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Bacteriology Service, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaoundé, Cameroon;
- Antibiotic Resistance and Phage Biocontrol Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Hortense Kamga Gonsu
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon;
- Department of Disease, Epidemics and Pandemics Control, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Rhoda Nsen Bughe
- Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon; (E.L.M.); (R.N.B.)
| | | | - Collins Njie Ateba
- Antibiotic Resistance and Phage Biocontrol Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
- Correspondence: (C.N.A.); (W.F.M.); Tel.: +27-183-892-247/+27-783-344-878 (C.N.A.); +23-76-7757-9180 (W.F.M.); Fax: +27-183-862-686 (C.N.A.); 22-237-429 (W.F.M.)
| | - Wilfred Fon Mbacham
- Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon; (E.L.M.); (R.N.B.)
- Correspondence: (C.N.A.); (W.F.M.); Tel.: +27-183-892-247/+27-783-344-878 (C.N.A.); +23-76-7757-9180 (W.F.M.); Fax: +27-183-862-686 (C.N.A.); 22-237-429 (W.F.M.)
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Khazaal SS, Al-Kadmy IM, Aziz SN. Mechanism of pathogenesis in multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from intensive care unit. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2019.100557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Genetic Diversity of OXA Producing Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii from Environment of Tertiary Hospitals in Central Iran. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020. [DOI: 10.5812/archcid.95602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Al-Kadmy IMS, Ibrahim SA, Al-Saryi N, Aziz SN, Besinis A, Hetta HF. Prevalence of Genes Involved in Colistin Resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii: First Report from Iraq. Microb Drug Resist 2019; 26:616-622. [PMID: 31816255 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2019.0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Colistin is increasingly being used as a "last-line" therapy to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii isolates, when essentially no other options are available in these days. The aim of this study was to detect genes associated with colistin resistance in A. baumannii. Methods: One hundred twenty-one isolates of A. baumannii were collected from clinical and environmental samples during 2016 to 2018 in Baghdad. Isolates were diagnosed as A. baumannii by using morphological tests, Vitek-2 system, 16SrRNA PCR amplification, and sequencing. Antibiotic susceptibility test was carried out using disk diffusion method. Phenotypic detection of colistin resistance was performed by CHROMagar™ COL-APSE medium and broth microdilution method for the determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration. Molecular detection of genes responsible for colistin resistance in A. baumannii was performed by PCR. Results: Ninety-two (76%) of the 121 A. baumannii isolates were colistin resistant. Twenty-six (21.5%) of the 121 isolates showed positive growth on CHROMagar Acinetobacter base for MDR. PCR detected mcr-1, mcr-2, and mcr-3 genes in 89 (73.5%), 78 (64.5%), and 82 (67.8%) A. baumannii isolates, respectively. Seventy-eight (64.5%) of the 121 isolates harbored the integron intI2 gene and 81 (66.9%) contained intI3 gene. Moreover, 60 (49.6%) of the 121 isolates were positive for the quorum sensing lasI gene. Conclusion: The presence of a large percentage of colistin-resistant A. baumannii strains in Baghdad may be due to the presence of mobile genetic elements, and it is urgent to avoid unnecessary clinical use of colistin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israa M S Al-Kadmy
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom.,Department of Biology, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Susan A Ibrahim
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Nadal Al-Saryi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Sarah Naji Aziz
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Alexandros Besinis
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Helal F Hetta
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Virulence genes profile and biofilm formation ability of Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from inpatients of a tertiary care hospital in southwest of Iran. GENE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2019.100481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Salisbury AM, Mullin M, Chen R, Percival SL. Efficacy of Poloxamer-Based Wound Dressings on Acinetobacter baumanni Biofilms. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2019; 8:463-468. [PMID: 31456903 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2018.0854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study evaluated the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of a concentrated surfactant gel preserved with antimicrobials and a concentrated surfactant gel with 1% silver sulfadiazine (SSD) against 12 clinical strains of Acinetobacter baumannii and the type strain A. baumannii ATCC 19606. Approach: The biofilm-forming potential of the A. baumannii isolates was investigated using a crystal violet assay and classifying the isolates as "non-adherent," "weak," "moderate," or "strong" biofilm formers. The antimicrobial activity was determined using the zone of inhibition (ZOI) method. The antibiofilm activity was evaluated against A. baumannii ATCC 19606 using the Center for Disease Control bioreactor model. Results: A. baumannii readily forms biofilms with 8 out of the 12 clinical isolates being classified as strong biofilm formers (OD570 > 0.4). The concentrated surfactant gel with 1% SSD demonstrated antimicrobial activity against all isolates with a ZOI of 7.2-14 mm. Antibiofilm activity against a 24 h biofilm of A. baumannii ATCC 19606 was found, with a ≥7 log decrease in bacterial cell density following 24 h treatment with the concentrated surfactant gel with 1% SSD. The concentrated surfactant gel preserved with antimicrobials also showed some biofilm disruption with ∼3 log decrease in bacterial cell density being found. Innovation: The concentrated surfactant gel with 1% SSD used in this study showed antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against A. baumannii. Conclusion: The concentrated surfactant gel with 1% SSD used in this study showed efficacy against A. baumannii, a common cause of wound infections, and should be considered for treatment of wounds infected with A. baumannii in health care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Salisbury
- 5D Health Protection Group Ltd., Centre of Excellence in Biofilm Science, Liverpool Bio-Innovation Hub, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Mullin
- 5D Health Protection Group Ltd., Centre of Excellence in Biofilm Science, Liverpool Bio-Innovation Hub, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Rui Chen
- 5D Health Protection Group Ltd., Centre of Excellence in Biofilm Science, Liverpool Bio-Innovation Hub, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Steven L. Percival
- 5D Health Protection Group Ltd., Centre of Excellence in Biofilm Science, Liverpool Bio-Innovation Hub, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Occurrence of Metallo-β-lactamase Genes among Acinetobacter baumannii Isolated from Different Clinical Samples. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.13.2.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Bergonzi C, Schwab M, Naik T, Elias M. The Structural Determinants Accounting for the Broad Substrate Specificity of the Quorum Quenching Lactonase GcL. Chembiochem 2019; 20:1848-1855. [PMID: 30864300 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Quorum quenching lactonases are enzymes capable of hydrolyzing lactones, including N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs). AHLs are molecules known as signals in bacterial communication dubbed quorum sensing. Bacterial signal disruption by lactonases was previously reported to inhibit behavior regulated by quorum sensing, such as the expression of virulence factors and the formation of biofilms. Herein, we report the enzymatic and structural characterization of a novel lactonase representative from the metallo-β-lactamase superfamily, dubbed GcL. GcL is a broad spectrum and highly proficient lactonase, with kcat /KM values in the range of 104 to 106 m-1 s-1 . Analysis of free GcL structures and in complex with AHL substrates of different acyl chain length, namely, C4-AHL and 3-oxo-C12-AHL, allowed their respective binding modes to be elucidated. Structures reveal three subsites in the binding crevice: 1) the small subsite where chemistry is performed on the lactone ring; 2) a hydrophobic ring that accommodates the amide group of AHLs and small acyl chains; and 3) the outer, hydrophilic subsite that extends to the protein surface. Unexpectedly, the absence of structural accommodation for long substrate acyl chains seems to relate to the broad substrate specificity of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Bergonzi
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics Department and, BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Michael Schwab
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics Department and, BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Tanushree Naik
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics Department and, BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Mikael Elias
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics Department and, BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
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Combined influence of nitric oxide and surface roughness in biofilm reduction across bacteria strains. Biointerphases 2019; 14:021004. [PMID: 30947504 DOI: 10.1116/1.5089246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective use of medical device implants is often hindered by infection, which may cause the device to be rejected from the body and seriously endanger health. Such infections are often a result of biofilm formation or microbial colonies collecting on a surface. Therefore, a challenge in the medical field is to mitigate the impact of biofilm formation in order to save thousands of lives and millions of healthcare dollars annually. The proposed strategy is to target the attachment phase of the biofilm lifecycle to try to prevent the formation of antimicrobial resistant biofilms. Prevention of bacterial attachment may be induced through the introduction of nitric oxide (NO), a small biological signaling molecule known for its antibacterial properties. NO may be delivered via release from a donating molecule incorporated in the polymer composing the medical device. The NO donor S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) was utilized in this study because it is a relatively stable small molecule that naturally exists in the body, therefore negating possible adverse reactions when it is introduced to the body. Tygon®, a polymer commonly found in Food and Drug Administration approved medical devices such as catheters, was utilized as a platform for the inhibition of biofilms. To study the necessary amount of released NO needed to cause a reduction in attachment across varying strains, different concentrations of GSNO were applied. Two Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii) and two Gram-positive species (Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus), all strong biofilm formers listed as urgent threats by the Center for Disease Control, illustrated different responses to NO. Gram-positive species showed a decrease in viability over 80% with an average total NO release of 2.01 ± 2.11 × 10 - 4 μmols, while Gram-negative response was less, with viability decreasing to 38% (P. aeruginosa) and 71% (A. baumannii) with 1.25 ± 1.63 × 10-4 μmols NO. Further studies utilizing glutathione surface roughness controls highlight that increasing the surface roughness of the polymer platform produces no statistically significant difference in viability compared to the Tygon-only negative control in all strains except P. aeruginosa. Developing a quantitative understanding of how NO release and platform surface roughness impact biofilm attachment across Gram strains is key to reducing the incidence and impact of medical device associated infections.
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