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Zhang Y, Sun T, Jiang C. Biomacromolecules as carriers in drug delivery and tissue engineering. Acta Pharm Sin B 2018; 8:34-50. [PMID: 29872621 PMCID: PMC5985630 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural biomacromolecules have attracted increased attention as carriers in biomedicine in recent years because of their inherent biochemical and biophysical properties including renewability, nontoxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, long blood circulation time and targeting ability. Recent advances in our understanding of the biological functions of natural-origin biomacromolecules and the progress in the study of biological drug carriers indicate that such carriers may have advantages over synthetic material-based carriers in terms of half-life, stability, safety and ease of manufacture. In this review, we give a brief introduction to the biochemical properties of the widely used biomacromolecule-based carriers such as albumin, lipoproteins and polysaccharides. Then examples from the clinic and in recent laboratory development are summarized. Finally the current challenges and future prospects of present biological carriers are discussed.
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Key Words
- ABD, albumin binding domain
- ACM, aclacinomycin
- ACS, absorbable collagen sponge
- ADH, adipic dihydrazide
- ART, artemisinin
- ASF, Antheraea mylitta silk fibroin
- ATRA, all-trans retinoic acid
- ATS, artesunate
- BCEC, brain capillary endothelial cells
- BMP-2, bone morphogenetic protein-2
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- BSF, Bombyx mori silk fibroin
- Biomacromolecule
- CC-HAM, core-crosslinked polymeric micelle based hyaluronic acid
- CD, cyclodextrin
- CD-NPs, amphiphilic MMA–tBA β-CD star copolymers that are capable of forming nanoparticles
- CD-g-CS, chitosan grafted with β-cyclodextrin
- CD/BP, cyclodextrin–bisphosphonate complexes
- CIA, collagen-induced arthritis
- CM, collagen matrices
- CMD-ChNP, carboxylmethyl dextran chitosan nanoparticle
- DHA, dihydroartesunate
- DOXO-EMCH, (6-maleimidocaproyl)hydrazone derivative of doxorubicin
- DOX–TRF, doxorubincin–transferrin conjugate
- DTX-HPLGA, HA coated PLGA nanoparticulate docetaxel
- Drug delivery
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EMT, epithelial mesenchymal transition
- EPR, enhanced permeability and retention
- FcRn, neonatal Fc receptor
- GAG, glycosaminoglycan
- GC-DOX, glycol–chitosan–doxorubicin conjugate
- GDNF, glial-derived neurotrophic factor
- GO, grapheme oxide
- GSH, glutathione
- Gd, gadolinium
- HA, hyaluronic acid
- HA-CA, catechol-modified hyaluronic acid
- HCF, heparin-conjugated fibrin
- HDL, high density lipoprotein
- HEK, human embryonic kidney
- HSA, human serum albumin
- IDL, intermediate density lipoprotein
- INF, interferon
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- LDLR, low density lipoprotein receptor
- LDV, leucine–aspartic acid–valine
- LMWH, low molecular weight heparin
- MSA, mouse serum albumin
- MTX–HSA, methotrexate–albumin conjugate
- NIR, near-infrared
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- OP-Gel-NS, oxidized pectin-gelatin-nanosliver
- PEC, polyelectrolyte
- PTX, paclitaxel
- Polysaccharide
- Protein
- RES, reticuloendothelial system
- RGD, Arg–Gly–Asp peptide
- SF, silk fibroin
- SF-CSNP, silk fibroin modified chitosan nanoparticle
- SFNP, silk fibroin nanoparticle
- SPARC, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine
- TRAIL, tumor-necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand
- Tf, transferrin
- TfR, transferrin receptor
- Tissue engineering
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- VLDL, very low density lipoprotein
- pDNA, plasmid DNA
- rHDL, recombinant HDL
- rhEGF-2/HA, recombinant human fibroblast growth factor type 2 in a hyaluronic acid carrier
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Pant K, Pufe J, Zarschler K, Bergmann R, Steinbach J, Reimann S, Haag R, Pietzsch J, Stephan H. Surface charge and particle size determine the metabolic fate of dendritic polyglycerols. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:8723-8739. [PMID: 28616954 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr01702b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic polyglycerols (dPG) are water soluble, polyether-based nanomaterials which hold great potential in diagnostic as well as therapeutic applications. In order to translate them for in vivo applications, a systematic assessment regarding their cell and tissue interactions as well as their metabolic fate in vivo is a crucial step. Herein, we explore the structure-activity relationship of three different sizes (ca. 3, 5, and 10 nm) of neutral dendritic polyglycerol (dPG) and their corresponding negatively charged sulfate analogs (dPGS) on their in vitro and in vivo characteristics. Cellular metabolic activity was studied in A431 and HEK293 cells. Biomolecular corona formation was determined using an electrophoretic mobility shift assay, which showed an increased protein binding of the dPGS even with serum concentrations as low as 20%. An in situ technique, microscale thermophoresis, was employed to address the binding affinities of these nanomaterials with serum proteins such as serum albumin, apo-transferrin, and fibrinogen. In addition, nanoparticle-cell interactions were studied in differentiated THP-1 cells which showed a charge dependent scavenger receptor-mediated uptake. In line with this data, detailed biodistribution and small animal PET imaging studies in Wistar rats using 68Ga-labeled dPG-/dPGS-NOTA conjugates showed that the neutral dPG-NOTA conjugates were quantitatively excreted via the kidneys with a subsequent hepatobiliary excretion with an increase in their size, whereas the polysulfated analogs (dPGS-NOTA) were sequestered preferentially in the liver and kidneys irrespective of their size. Taken together, this systematic study accentuates that the pharmacokinetics of dPGs is critically dependent on the overall size and charge and can be, fine-tuned for the intended requirements in nano-theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritee Pant
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany.
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Pietzsch J, Laube M, Bechmann N, Pietzsch FJ, Kniess T. Protective effects of 2,3-diaryl-substituted indole-based cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors on oxidative modification of human low density lipoproteins in vitro. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2017; 61:615-32. [PMID: 25547413 DOI: 10.3233/ch-141923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
It has been suggested that 2,3-diaryl-substituted indole-based cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors (2,3-diaryl-indole coxibs) do not only appear as potent anti-inflammatory agents but also show the ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS). This led to the hypothesis that 2,3-diaryl-indole coxibs also may act as potent inhibitors of oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), which is considered a key factor in atherogenesis. The aim of this study was to explore i) the reactivity of a series of new synthesized 2,3-diaryl-indoles with several well characterized LDL oxidation systems and ii) subsequent effects on an inflammatory/atherogenic microenvironment. The results demonstrate that under the present experimental conditions 2,3-diaryl-indoles showed potent ROS scavenging activity and were able to markedly inhibit LDL oxidation. Subsequently, this led to a substantial decrease of modified LDL uptake by scavenger receptors in THP-1 macrophages in vitro and in rats in vivo. Moreover, modified LDL-mediated monocyte/neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells, macrophage NFκB activation, as well as macrophage and endothelial cell cytokine release was diminished in vitro. The reduction of modified LDL-induced atherogenic effects by antioxidant 2,3-diaryl-indole coxibs may widen the therapeutic window of COX-2 targeted treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Pietzsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Dresden, Germany
| | - Markus Laube
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nicole Bechmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Dresden, Germany
| | - Franz-Jacob Pietzsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Centre for Translational Bone, Joint, and Soft Tissue Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Torsten Kniess
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Dresden, Germany
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Thaxton CS, Rink JS, Naha PC, Cormode DP. Lipoproteins and lipoprotein mimetics for imaging and drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 106:116-131. [PMID: 27133387 PMCID: PMC5086317 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lipoproteins are a set of natural nanoparticles whose main role is the transport of fats within the body. While much work has been done to develop synthetic nanocarriers to deliver drugs or contrast media, natural nanoparticles such as lipoproteins represent appealing alternatives. Lipoproteins are biocompatible, biodegradable, non-immunogenic and are naturally targeted to some disease sites. Lipoproteins can be modified to act as contrast agents in many ways, such as by insertion of gold cores to provide contrast for computed tomography. They can be loaded with drugs, nucleic acids, photosensitizers or boron to act as therapeutics. Attachment of ligands can re-route lipoproteins to new targets. These attributes render lipoproteins attractive and versatile delivery vehicles. In this review we will provide background on lipoproteins, then survey their roles as contrast agents, in drug and nucleic acid delivery, as well as in photodynamic therapy and boron neutron capture therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Shad Thaxton
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Simpson Querrey Institute for Bionanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jonathan S Rink
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Simpson Querrey Institute for Bionanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pratap C Naha
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, 1 Silverstein, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David P Cormode
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, 1 Silverstein, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, 1 Silverstein, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cardiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, 1 Silverstein, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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5
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Laube M, Tondera C, Sharma SK, Bechmann N, Pietzsch FJ, Pigorsch A, Köckerling M, Wuest F, Pietzsch J, Kniess T. 2,3-Diaryl-substituted indole based COX-2 inhibitors as leads for imaging tracer development. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra05650g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of 2,3-diaryl-substituted indoles containing a fluorine or methoxy group was synthesized via Fischer indole synthesis, McMurry cyclization, or Bischler–Möhlau reaction to identify potential leads for PET radiotracer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Laube
- Department Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
- 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry
| | - Christoph Tondera
- Department Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
- 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry
| | - Sai Kiran Sharma
- Department of Oncology
- Cross Cancer Institute
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton, Canada T6G 1Z2
| | - Nicole Bechmann
- Department Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
- 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry
| | - Franz-Jacob Pietzsch
- Department Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
- 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint, and Soft Tissue Research
| | - Arne Pigorsch
- Department of Inorganic Solid State Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Rostock
- 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Martin Köckerling
- Department of Inorganic Solid State Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Rostock
- 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Frank Wuest
- Department of Oncology
- Cross Cancer Institute
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton, Canada T6G 1Z2
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Department Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
- 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry
| | - Torsten Kniess
- Department Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
- 01328 Dresden, Germany
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Harisa GI, Alanazi FK. Low density lipoprotein bionanoparticles: From cholesterol transport to delivery of anti-cancer drugs. Saudi Pharm J 2013; 22:504-15. [PMID: 25561862 PMCID: PMC4281595 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2013.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review article, we highlight the importance of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and its implications in the field of drug delivery to cancer cells. LDL is naturally occurring bionanoparticles (BNP) with a size of 18–25 nm. These BNPs specifically transport cholesterol to cells expressing the LDL receptors (LDLRs). Several tumors overexpress LDLRs, presumably to provide cholesterol for sustaining a high rate of membrane synthesis. LDL BNPs are biocompatible and biodegradable, favorably bind hydrophobic and amphiphilic drugs, are taken up by a receptor-mediated mechanism, have a half-life of 2–4 days, and can be rerouted. Drugs can be loaded onto LDL BNPs by surface loading, core loading, and apoprotein interaction. LDL may be used as a drug carrier for treatment of atherosclerosis, cancer, and in photodynamic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamaleldin I Harisa
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industry, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia ; Department of Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University (Boys), Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fars K Alanazi
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industry, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Uchida Y, Maezawa Y, Uchida Y, Hiruta N, Shimoyama E. Molecular imaging of low-density lipoprotein in human coronary plaques by color fluorescent angioscopy and microscopy. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50678. [PMID: 23209809 PMCID: PMC3509017 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is an important risk factor for coronary artery disease. However, its localization in human coronary plaques is not well understood. The present study was performed to visualize LDL in human coronary artery wall. Methods (1) The fluorescence characteristic of LDL was investigated by color fluorescent microscopy (CFM) with excitation at 470-nm and emission at 515-nm using Nile blue dye (NB) as a biomarker. (2) Native LDL in 40 normal segments, 42 white plaques and 35 yellow plaques (20 with necrotic core) of human coronary arteries was investigated by color fluorescent angioscopy (CFA) and CFM. Results (1) NB elicited a brown, golden and red fluorescence characteristic of LDL, apolipoprotein B-100, and lysophosphatidylcholine/triglyceride, respectively. (2) The % incidence of LDL in normal segments, white, and yellow plaques was 25, 38 and 14 by CFA and 42, 42 and 14 by CFM scan of their luminal surface, respectively, indicating lower incidence (p<0.05) of LDL in yellow plaques than white plaques, and no significant differences in detection sensitivity between CFA and CFM. By CFM transected surface scan, LDL deposited more frequently and more diffusely in white plaques and yellow plaques without necrotic core (NC) than normal segments and yellow plaques with NC. LDL was localized to fibrous cap in yellow plaques with NC. Co-deposition of LDL with other lipid components was observed frequently in white plaques and yellow plaques without NC. Conclusions (1) Taken into consideration of the well-known process of coronary plaque growth, the results of the present study suggest that LDL begins to deposit before plaque formation; increasingly deposits with plaque growth, often co-depositing with other lipid components; and disappears after necrotic core formation. (2) CFA is feasible for visualization of LDL in human coronary artery wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumi Uchida
- Japanese Foundation for Cardiovascular Research, Funabashi, Japan.
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Bouvet V, Wuest M, Wuest F. Copper-free click chemistry with the short-lived positron emitter fluorine-18. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:7393-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06034a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Modified natural nanoparticles as contrast agents for medical imaging. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2010; 62:329-38. [PMID: 19900496 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2009.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2009] [Accepted: 10/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel and effective contrast agents is one of the drivers of the ongoing improvement in medical imaging. Many of the new agents reported are nanoparticle-based. There are a variety of natural nanoparticles known, e.g. lipoproteins, viruses or ferritin. Natural nanoparticles have advantages as delivery platforms such as biodegradability. In addition, our understanding of natural nanoparticles is quite advanced, allowing their adaptation as contrast agents. They can be labeled with small molecules or ions such as Gd(3+) to act as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging, (18)F to act as positron emission tomography contrast agents or fluorophores to act as contrast agents for fluorescence techniques. Additionally, inorganic nanoparticles such as iron oxide, gold nanoparticles or quantum dots can be incorporated to add further contrast functionality. Furthermore, these natural nanoparticle contrast agents can be re-routed from their natural targets via the attachment of targeting molecules. In this review, we discuss the various modified natural nanoparticles that have been exploited as contrast agents.
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Cai J, Bhatnagar A, Pierce WM. Protein modification by acrolein: formation and stability of cysteine adducts. Chem Res Toxicol 2009; 22:708-16. [PMID: 19231900 DOI: 10.1021/tx800465m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The toxicity of the ubiquitous pollutant and endogenous metabolite, acrolein, is due in part to covalent protein modifications. Acrolein reacts readily with protein nucleophiles via Michael addition and Schiff base formation. Potential acrolein targets in protein include the nucleophilic side chains of cysteine, histidine, and lysine residues as well as the free amino terminus of proteins. Although cysteine is the most acrolein-reactive residue, cysteine-acrolein adducts are difficult to identify in vitro and in vivo. In this study, model peptides with cysteine, lysine, and histidine residues were used to examine the reactivity of acrolein. Results from these experiments show that acrolein reacts rapidly with cysteine residues through Michael addition to form M+56 Da adducts. These M+56 adducts are, however, not stable, even though spontaneous dissociation of the adduct is slow. Further studies demonstrated that when acrolein and model peptides are incubated at physiological pH and temperature, the M+56 adducts decreased gradually accompanied by the increase of M+38 adducts, which are formed from intramolecular Schiff base formation. Adduct formation with the side chains of other amino acid residues (lysine and histidine) was much slower than cysteine and required higher acrolein concentration. When cysteine residues were blocked by reaction with iodoacetamide and higher concentrations of acrolein were used, adducts of the N-terminal amino group or histidyl residues were formed, but lysine adducts were not detected. Collectively, these data demonstrate that acrolein reacts avidly with protein cysteine residues and that the apparent loss of protein-acrolein Michael adducts over time may be related to the appearance of a novel (M+38) adduct. These findings may be important in identification of in vivo adducts of acrolein with protein cysteine residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
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Lipoprotein nanoplatform for targeted delivery of diagnostic and therapeutic agents. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2008; 645:227-39. [PMID: 19227476 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-85998-9_35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) provides a highly versatile natural nanoplatform for delivery of optical and MRI contrast agents, photodynamic therapy agents and chemotherapeutic agents to normal and neoplastic cells that over express LDL receptors (LDLR). Extension to other lipoproteins ranging in diameter from approximately 5-10 nm (high density lipoprotein, HDL) to over a micron (chilomicrons) is feasible. Loading of contrast or therapeutic agents has been achieved by covalent attachment to protein side chains, intercalation into the phospholipid monolayer and extraction and reconstitution of the triglyceride/cholesterol ester core. Covalent attachment of folate to the lysine side chain amino groups was used to reroute the LDL from its natural receptor (LDLR) to folate receptors and could be utilized to target other receptors. A semi-synthetic nanoparticle has been constructed by coating magnetite iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONs) with carboxylated cholesterol and overlaying a monolayer ofphospholipid to which Apo A1, Apo E or synthetic amphoteric alpha-helical polypeptides were adsorbed for targeting HDL, LDL or folate receptors, respectively. These particles can be utilized for in situ loading of magnetite into cells for MRI monitored cell tracking or gene therapy.
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Wuest F, Köhler L, Berndt M, Pietzsch J. Systematic comparison of two novel, thiol-reactive prosthetic groups for 18F labeling of peptides and proteins with the acylation agent succinimidyl-4-[18F]fluorobenzoate ([18F]SFB). Amino Acids 2008; 36:283-95. [PMID: 18414978 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-008-0065-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2008] [Accepted: 03/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A systematic comparison of 4-[18F]fluorobenzaldehyde-O-(2-{2-[2-(pyrrol-2,5-dione-1-yl)ethoxy]-ethoxy}-ethyl)oxime ([18F]FBOM) and 4-[18F]fluorobenzaldehyde-O-[6-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-pyrrol-1-yl)-hexyl]oxime ([18F]FBAM) as prosthetic groups for the mild and efficient 18F labeling of cysteine-containing peptides and proteins with the amine-group reactive acylation agent, succinimidyl-4-[18F]fluorobenzoate ([18F]SFB), is described. All three prosthetic groups were prepared in a remotely controlled synthesis module. Synthesis of [18F]FBOM and [18F]FBAM was accomplished via oxime formation through reaction of appropriate aminooxy-functionalized labeling precursors with 4-[18F]fluorobenzaldehyde. The obtained radiochemical yields were 19% ([18F]FBOM) and 29% ([18F]FBAM), respectively. Radiolabeling involving [18F]FBAM and [18F]FBOM was exemplified by the reaction with cysteine-containing tripeptide glutathione (GSH), a cysteine-containing dimeric neurotensin derivative, and human native low-density lipoprotein (nLDL) as model compounds. Radiolabeling with the acylation agent [18F]SFB was carried out using a dimeric neurotensin derivative and nLDL. Both thiol-group reactive prosthetic groups show significantly better labeling efficiencies for the peptides in comparison with the acylation agent [18F]SFB. The obtained results demonstrate that [18F]FBOM is especially suited for the labeling of hydrophilic cysteine-containing peptides, whereas [18F]FBAM shows superior labeling performance for higher molecular weight compounds as exemplified for nLDL apolipoprotein constituents. However, the acylation agent [18F]SFB is the preferred prosthetic group for labeling nLDL under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Wuest
- Research Center Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Radiopharmacy, PF 510 119, 01314 Dresden, Germany.
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Glickson JD, Lund-Katz S, Zhou R, Choi H, Chen IW, Li H, Corbin I, Popov AV, Cao W, Song L, Qi C, Marotta D, Nelson DS, Chen J, Chance B, Zheng G. Lipoprotein Nanoplatform for Targeted Delivery of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Agents. Mol Imaging 2008. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2008.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jerry D. Glickson
- From the Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, and Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Joseph Stokes Jr. Research Institute, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Johnson Research Foundation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Division of Biophysics and Bioimaging, Ontario
| | - Sissel Lund-Katz
- From the Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, and Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Joseph Stokes Jr. Research Institute, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Johnson Research Foundation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Division of Biophysics and Bioimaging, Ontario
| | - Rong Zhou
- From the Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, and Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Joseph Stokes Jr. Research Institute, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Johnson Research Foundation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Division of Biophysics and Bioimaging, Ontario
| | - Hoon Choi
- From the Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, and Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Joseph Stokes Jr. Research Institute, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Johnson Research Foundation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Division of Biophysics and Bioimaging, Ontario
| | - I-Wei Chen
- From the Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, and Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Joseph Stokes Jr. Research Institute, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Johnson Research Foundation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Division of Biophysics and Bioimaging, Ontario
| | - Hui Li
- From the Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, and Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Joseph Stokes Jr. Research Institute, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Johnson Research Foundation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Division of Biophysics and Bioimaging, Ontario
| | - Ian Corbin
- From the Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, and Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Joseph Stokes Jr. Research Institute, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Johnson Research Foundation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Division of Biophysics and Bioimaging, Ontario
| | - Anatoliy V. Popov
- From the Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, and Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Joseph Stokes Jr. Research Institute, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Johnson Research Foundation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Division of Biophysics and Bioimaging, Ontario
| | - Weiguo Cao
- From the Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, and Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Joseph Stokes Jr. Research Institute, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Johnson Research Foundation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Division of Biophysics and Bioimaging, Ontario
| | - Liping Song
- From the Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, and Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Joseph Stokes Jr. Research Institute, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Johnson Research Foundation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Division of Biophysics and Bioimaging, Ontario
| | - Chenze Qi
- From the Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, and Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Joseph Stokes Jr. Research Institute, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Johnson Research Foundation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Division of Biophysics and Bioimaging, Ontario
| | - Diane Marotta
- From the Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, and Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Joseph Stokes Jr. Research Institute, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Johnson Research Foundation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Division of Biophysics and Bioimaging, Ontario
| | - David S. Nelson
- From the Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, and Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Joseph Stokes Jr. Research Institute, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Johnson Research Foundation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Division of Biophysics and Bioimaging, Ontario
| | - Juan Chen
- From the Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, and Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Joseph Stokes Jr. Research Institute, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Johnson Research Foundation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Division of Biophysics and Bioimaging, Ontario
| | - Britton Chance
- From the Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, and Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Joseph Stokes Jr. Research Institute, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Johnson Research Foundation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Division of Biophysics and Bioimaging, Ontario
| | - Gang Zheng
- From the Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, and Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Joseph Stokes Jr. Research Institute, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Johnson Research Foundation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Division of Biophysics and Bioimaging, Ontario
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14
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Hoppmann S, Haase C, Richter S, Pietzsch J. Expression, purification and fluorine-18 radiolabeling of recombinant S100 proteins--potential probes for molecular imaging of receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) in vivo. Protein Expr Purif 2007; 57:143-52. [PMID: 18039581 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2007.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2007] [Revised: 09/27/2007] [Accepted: 10/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Data concerning the pathophysiological role of the interaction of circulating S100 proteins, a multigenic family of Ca(2+)-modulated proteins, with the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) in cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory processes, and tumorigenesis in vivo are scarce. One reason is the shortage of suitable radiotracer methods. We report a novel methodology using recombinant human S100A1, S100B, and S100A12 as potential probes for molecular imaging of this interaction. Therefore, human S100 proteins were cloned as GST fusion proteins in the bacterial expression vector pGEX-6P-1 and expressed in E. coli strain BL21. Purified recombinant human S100 proteins were radiolabeled with the positron emitter fluorine-18 ((18)F) by conjugation with N-succinimidyl-4-[(18)F]fluorobenzoate ([(18)F]SFB). The radiolabeled recombinant S100 proteins ((18)F-S100) were used in biodistribution experiments and small animal positron emission tomography (PET) studies in rats. The tissue-specific distribution of (18)F-S100 proteins in vivo correlated well with the anatomical localization of RAGE, e.g., in lungs and in the vascular system. These findings indicate circulating S100A1, S100B, and S100A12 proteins to be ligands for RAGE in rats in vivo. The approach allows the use of small animal PET and provides novel probes to delineate functional expression of RAGE under normal and pathophysiological conditions in rodent models of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Hoppmann
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmacy, Research Center Dresden-Rossendorf, 01314 Dresden, Germany
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15
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Frias JC, Lipinski MJ, Lipinski SE, Albelda MT. Modified lipoproteins as contrast agents for imaging of atherosclerosis. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2007; 2:16-23. [PMID: 17318917 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The ability to detect and characterize atherosclerosis with targeted contrast agents may enable initiation of therapy for atherosclerotic lesions prior to becoming symptomatic. Since lipoproteins such as high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) play a critical role in the regulation of plaque biology through the transport of lipids into and out of atherosclerotic lesions, modifying HDL and LDL with radioisotopes for nuclear imaging, chelates for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or other possible contrast agents for computed tomography imaging techniques may aid in the detection and characterization of atherosclerosis. This review focuses on the literature employing lipoproteins as contrast agents for imaging atherosclerosis and the feasibility of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Frias
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMOL), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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16
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Berndt M, Pietzsch J, Wuest F. Labeling of low-density lipoproteins using the 18F-labeled thiol-reactive reagent N-[6-(4-[18F]fluorobenzylidene)aminooxyhexyl]maleimide. Nucl Med Biol 2006; 34:5-15. [PMID: 17210457 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2006.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2005] [Revised: 09/04/2006] [Accepted: 09/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The novel thiol-group-selective bifunctional 18F-labeling agent N-[6-(4-[18F]fluoro-benzylidene)aminooxyhexyl]maleimide ([18F]FBAM) has been developed. The bifunctional labeling precursor N-(6-aminoxyhexyl)maleimide containing a thiol-reactive maleimide group and a carbonyl-group-reactive aminooxy group was prepared in only three steps in a total chemical yield of 59%. Subsequent radiolabeling with 4-[18F]fluorobenzaldehyde gave the bifunctional 18F-labeling agent [18F]FBAM in a radiochemical yield of 29%. In a typical experiment, 3.88 GBq of [18F]fluoride could be converted into 723 MBq of [18F]FBAM within 69 min. Conjugation of [18F]FBAM with thiol groups was exemplified with the cysteine-containing tripeptide glutathione and with various apolipoproteins of human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) subfractions. The latter was evaluated with respect to the uptake of [18F]FBAM-LDL subfractions in human hepatoma cells (HepG2) in vitro. In vivo biodistribution studies in rats revealed high stability for [18F]FBAM-LDL subfractions. Moreover, the metabolic fate of [18F]FBAM-LDL subfractions in vivo was delineated by dynamic positron emission tomography studies using a dedicated small animal tomograph. Data were compared to former studies that used the NH2-reactive 18F-labeling agent N-succinimidyl-4-[18F]fluorobenzoate. The compound [18F]FBAM can be considered as an excellent prosthetic group for the selective and mild 18F labeling of thiol-group-containing biomolecules suitable for subsequent investigations in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Berndt
- Institute of Radiopharmacy, Research Center Rossendorf, POB 51 01 19, D-01314 Dresden, Germany
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17
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Derdau V, Atzrodt J, Markó IE, Harwood SJ, Moenius T, Salter R, Wietfeld B, Burtscher P, Zueger C, Clayden J, Salter R, Bordeaux K, Burtscher P, Metz Y, Moenius T, Rodriguez I, Ruetsch R, Voges R, Zueger C, Gardiner JM, Stimpson W, Panchal N, Herbert J, Ellames GJ, Beller M, Kozempel J, Kadeřávek J, Lešetický L, Lebeda O, Wähälä K, Kiuru P, Leppälä E, Pohjoispää M, Parikka K, Raffaelli B, Herbert JM, Janssen CGM, Verluyten WLM, Vliegen M, Mäding P, Füchtner F, Bergmann R, Pietzsch J, Hultsch C, Wüst F, Scheunemann M, Vercouillie J, Fischer S, Sorger D, Großmann U, Schliebs R, Sabri O, Steinbach J. 13th Workshop of the Central European Division e.V. of the International Isotope Society. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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18
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Pietzsch J, Bergmann R, Wuest F, Pawelke B, Hultsch C, van den Hoff J. Catabolism of native and oxidized low density lipoproteins: in vivo insights from small animal positron emission tomography studies. Amino Acids 2005; 29:389-404. [PMID: 16012780 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-005-0203-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2004] [Accepted: 02/07/2005] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The human organism is exposed to numerous processes that generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS may directly or indirectly cause oxidative modification and damage of proteins. Protein oxidation is regarded as a crucial event in the pathogenesis of various diseases ranging from rheumatoid arthritis to Alzheimer's disease and atherosclerosis. As a representative example, oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) is regarded as a crucial event in atherogenesis. Data concerning the role of circulating oxidized LDL (oxLDL) in the development and outcome of diseases are scarce. One reason for this is the shortage of methods for direct assessment of the metabolic fate of circulating oxLDL in vivo. We present an improved methodology based on the radiolabelling of apoB-100 of native LDL (nLDL) and oxLDL, respectively, with the positron emitter fluorine-18 ((18)F) by conjugation with N-succinimidyl-4-[(18)F]fluorobenzoate ([(18)F]SFB). Radiolabelling of both nLDL and oxLDL using [(18)F]SFB causes neither additional oxidative structural modifications of LDL lipids and proteins nor alteration of their biological activity and functionality, respectively, in vitro. The method was further evaluated with respect to the radiopharmacological properties of both [(18)F]fluorobenzoylated nLDL and oxLDL by biodistribution studies in male Wistar rats. The metabolic fate of [(18)F]fluorobenzoylated nLDL and oxLDL in rats in vivo was further delineated by dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) using a dedicated small animal tomograph (spatial resolution of 2 mm). From this study we conclude that the use of [(18)F]FB-labelled LDL particles is an attractive alternative to, e.g., LDL iodination methods, and is of value to characterize and to discriminate the kinetics and the metabolic fate of nLDL and oxLDL in small animals in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pietzsch
- Positron Emission Tomography Center, Institute of Bioinorganic and Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, Research Center Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.
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