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Kubeil M, Neuber C, Starke M, Arndt C, Rodrigues Loureiro L, Hoffmann L, Feldmann A, Bachmann M, Pietzsch J, Comba P, Stephan H. 64Cu tumor labeling with hexadentate picolinic acid-based bispidine immunoconjugates. Chemistry 2024:e202400366. [PMID: 38506263 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Discussed are two picolinate appended bispidine ligands (3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane derivatives) in comparison with an earlier described bis-pyridine derivative, which are all known to strongly bind CuII. The radiopharmacological characterization of the two isomeric bispidine complexes includes quantitative labeling with 64CuII at ambient conditions with high radiochemical purities and yields (molar activities >200 MBq/nmol). Challenge experiments in presence of EDTA, cyclam, human serum and SOD demonstrate high stability and inertness of the 64Cu-bispidine complexes. Biodistribution studies performed in Wistar rats indicate a rapid renal elimination for both 64Cu-labeled chelates. The bispidine ligand with the picolinate group in N7 position was selected for further biological experiments, and its backbone was therefore substituted with a benzyl-NCS group at C9. Two tumor target modules (TMs), targeting prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA), overexpressed in prostate cancer, and the fibroblast activation protein (FAP) in fibrosarcoma, were selected for thiourea coupling with the NCS-functionalized ligand and lysine residues of TMs. Small animal PET experiments on tumor-bearing mice showed specific accumulation of the 64Cu-labeled TMs in PSCA- and FAP-overexpressing tumors (standardized uptake value (SUV) for PC3: 2.7±0.6 and HT1080: 7.2±1.25) with almost no uptake in wild type tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manja Kubeil
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christin Neuber
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Miriam Starke
- Universität Heidelberg, Anorganisch-Chemisches, Institut INF 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Arndt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universiät Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Liliana Rodrigues Loureiro
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lydia Hoffmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Feldmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases Dresden (NCT/UCC), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Bachmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases Dresden (NCT/UCC), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter Comba
- Universität Heidelberg, Anorganisch-Chemisches, Institut INF 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Universität Heidelberg, Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, INF 205, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Holger Stephan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
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Ramogida C, Price E. Transition and Post-Transition Radiometals for PET Imaging and Radiotherapy. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2729:65-101. [PMID: 38006492 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3499-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Radiometals are an exciting class of radionuclides because of the large number of metallic elements available that have medically useful isotopes. To properly harness radiometals, they must be securely bound by chelators, which must be carefully matched to the radiometal ion to maximize radiolabeling performance and the stability of the resulting complex. This chapter focuses on practical aspects of radiometallation chemistry including chelator selection, radiolabeling procedures and conditions, radiolysis prevention, purification, quality control, requisite equipment and reagents, and useful tips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Ramogida
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Eric Price
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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3
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Ma X, Cheng Z. Rapid Radiolabeling for Peptide Radiotracers. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2729:103-115. [PMID: 38006493 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3499-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Peptide-based radiopharmaceuticals (PRPs) have been developed and introduced into research and clinic diagnostic imaging and targeted radionuclide therapy for more than two decades. In order to efficiently prepare PRPs, some rapid radiolabeling methods have been demonstrated. This chapter presents six common approaches for PRPs radiolabeling with metallic radioisotopes and Fluorine-18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Ma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong, China.
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Dobrucki IT, Miskalis A, Nelappana M, Applegate C, Wozniak M, Czerwinski A, Kalinowski L, Dobrucki LW. Receptor for advanced glycation end-products: Biological significance and imaging applications. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 16:e1935. [PMID: 37926944 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE or AGER) is a transmembrane, immunoglobulin-like receptor that, due to its multiple isoform structures, binds to a diverse range of endo- and exogenous ligands. RAGE activation caused by the ligand binding initiates a cascade of complex pathways associated with producing free radicals, such as reactive nitric oxide and oxygen species, cell proliferation, and immunoinflammatory processes. The involvement of RAGE in the pathogenesis of disorders such as diabetes, inflammation, tumor progression, and endothelial dysfunction is dictated by the accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) at pathologic states leading to sustained RAGE upregulation. The involvement of RAGE and its ligands in numerous pathologies and diseases makes RAGE an interesting target for therapy focused on the modulation of both RAGE expression or activation and the production or exogenous administration of AGEs. Despite the known role that the RAGE/AGE axis plays in multiple disease states, there remains an urgent need to develop noninvasive, molecular imaging approaches that can accurately quantify RAGE levels in vivo that will aid in the validation of RAGE and its ligands as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona T Dobrucki
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Carle-Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Academy of Medical and Social Applied Sciences, Elblag, Poland
| | - Angelo Miskalis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael Nelappana
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Catherine Applegate
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Marcin Wozniak
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Division of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics-Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Andrzej Czerwinski
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Leszek Kalinowski
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Division of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics-Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- BioTechMed Centre, Department of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Lawrence W Dobrucki
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Carle-Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Division of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics-Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Toczek J, Gona K, Liu Y, Ahmad A, Ghim M, Ojha D, Kukreja G, Salarian M, Luehmann H, Heo GS, Guzman RJ, Ochoa Chaar CI, Tellides G, Hassab AH, Ye Y, Shoghi KI, Zayed MA, Gropler RJ, Sadeghi MM. Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Vessel Wall Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2023; 16:e014615. [PMID: 36649454 PMCID: PMC9858355 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.122.014615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a key role in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Imaging aortic MMP activity, especially using positron emission tomography to access high sensitivity, quantitative data, could potentially improve AAA risk stratification. Here, we describe the design, synthesis, characterization, and evaluation in murine AAA and human aortic tissue of a first-in-class MMP-targeted positron emission tomography radioligand, 64Cu-RYM2. METHODS The broad spectrum MMP inhibitor, RYM2 was synthetized, and its potency as an MMP inhibitor was evaluated by a competitive inhibition assay. Toxicology studies were performed. Tracer biodistribution was evaluated in a murine model of AAA induced by angiotensin II infusion in Apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. 64Cu-RYM2 binding to normal and aneurysmal human aortic tissues was assessed by autoradiography. RESULTS RYM2 functioned as an MMP inhibitor with nanomolar affinities. Toxicology studies showed no adverse reaction in mice. Upon radiolabeling with Cu-64, the resulting tracer was stable in murine and human blood in vitro. Biodistribution and metabolite analysis in mice showed rapid renal clearance and acceptable in vivo stability. In vivo positron emission tomography/computed tomography in a murine model of AAA showed a specific aortic signal, which correlated with ex vivo measured MMP activity and Cd68 gene expression. 64Cu-RYM2 specifically bound to normal and aneurysmal human aortic tissues in correlation with MMP activity. CONCLUSIONS 64Cu-RYM2 is a first-in-class MMP-targeted positron emission tomography tracer with favorable stability, biodistribution, performance in preclinical AAA, and importantly, specific binding to human tissues. These data set the stage for 64Cu-RYM2-based translational imaging studies of vessel wall MMP activity, and indirectly, inflammation, in AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Toczek
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (USA)
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (USA)
| | - Kiran Gona
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (USA)
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (USA)
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (USA)
| | - Azmi Ahmad
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (USA)
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (USA)
| | - Mean Ghim
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (USA)
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (USA)
| | - Devi Ojha
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (USA)
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (USA)
| | - Gunjan Kukreja
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (USA)
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (USA)
| | - Mani Salarian
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (USA)
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (USA)
| | - Hannah Luehmann
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (USA)
| | - Gyu Seong Heo
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (USA)
| | - Raul J. Guzman
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (USA)
| | - Cassius I. Ochoa Chaar
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (USA)
| | - George Tellides
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (USA)
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (USA)
| | | | - Yunpeng Ye
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (USA)
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (USA)
| | | | - Mohamed A. Zayed
- Department of Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (USA)
| | | | - Mehran M. Sadeghi
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (USA)
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (USA)
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Damuka N, Bashetti N, Mintz A, Bansode AH, Miller M, Krizan I, Furdui C, Bhoopal B, Gollapelli KK, Shanmukha Kumar JV, Deep G, Dugan G, Cline M, Solingapuram Sai KK. [ 18F]KS1, a novel ascorbate-based ligand images ROS in tumor models of rodents and nonhuman primates. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113937. [PMID: 36411624 PMCID: PMC11017304 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Over production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by altered redox regulation of signaling pathways is common in many types of cancers. While PET imaging is recognized as the standard tool for cancer imaging, there are no clinically-approved PET radiotracers for ROS-imaging in cancer diagnosis and treatment. An ascorbate-based radio ligand promises to meet this urgent need. Our laboratory recently synthesized [18F] KS1, a fluoroethoxy furanose ring-containing ascorbate derivative, to track ROS in prostate tumor-bearing mice. Here we report cell uptake assays of [18F]KS1 with different ROS-regulating agents, PET imaging in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) mice, and doxorubicin-induced rats; PET imaging in healthy and irradiated hepatic tumor-bearing rhesus to demonstrate its translational potential. Our preliminary evaluations demonstrated that KS1 do not generate ROS in tumor cells at tracer-level concentrations and tumor-killing properties at pharmacologic doses. [18F]KS1 uptake was low in HNSCC pretreated with ROS blockers, and high with ROS inducers. Tumors in high ROS-expressing SCC-61 took up significantly more [18F]KS1 than rSCC-61 (low-ROS expressing HNSCC); high uptake in doxorubicin-treated rats compared to saline-treated controls. Rodent biodistribution and PET imaging of [18F]KS1 in healthy rhesus monkeys demonstrated its favorable safety, pharmacokinetic properties with excellent washout profile, within 3.0 h of radiotracer administration. High uptake of [18F]KS1 in liver tumor tissues of the irradiated hepatic tumor-bearing monkey showed target selectivity. Our strong data in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo here supports the high translational utility of [18F]KS1 to image ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Damuka
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Nagaraju Bashetti
- Department of Chemistry, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Akiva Mintz
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Avinash H Bansode
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Mack Miller
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Ivan Krizan
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Cristina Furdui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Bhuvanachandra Bhoopal
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | | | - J V Shanmukha Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Gagan Deep
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Greg Dugan
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Mark Cline
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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Chelation of Theranostic Copper Radioisotopes with S-Rich Macrocycles: From Radiolabelling of Copper-64 to In Vivo Investigation. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134158. [PMID: 35807404 PMCID: PMC9268100 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper radioisotopes are generally employed for cancer imaging and therapy when firmly coordinated via a chelating agent coupled to a tumor-seeking vector. However, the biologically triggered Cu2+-Cu+ redox switching may constrain the in vivo integrity of the resulting complex, leading to demetallation processes. This unsought pathway is expected to be hindered by chelators bearing N, O, and S donors which appropriately complements the borderline-hard and soft nature of Cu2+ and Cu+. In this work, the labelling performances of a series of S-rich polyazamacrocyclic chelators with [64Cu]Cu2+ and the stability of the [64Cu]Cu-complexes thereof were evaluated. Among the chelators considered, the best results were obtained with 1,7-bis [2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl]-4,10,diacetic acid-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (DO2A2S). DO2A2S was labelled at high molar activities in mild reaction conditions, and its [64Cu]Cu2+ complex showed excellent integrity in human serum over 24 h. Biodistribution studies in BALB/c nude mice performed with [64Cu][Cu(DO2A2S)] revealed a behavior similar to other [64Cu]Cu-labelled cyclen derivatives characterized by high liver and kidney uptake, which could either be ascribed to transchelation phenomena or metabolic processing of the intact complex.
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8
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Csupász T, Lihi N, Fekete Z, Nagy A, Botár R, Forgács V, Szikra D, May N, Tircsó G, Kálmán FK. Exceptionally fast formation of stable rigidified cross-bridged complexes formed with Cu(II) isotopes for Molecular Imaging. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi01526e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
64Cu is considered to be one of the most promising radioisotope in radiotheragnostics (combining therapeutics with diagnostics) because its positron emission is suitable for PET imaging while the combination of...
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9
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Design, Synthesis, and Cytotoxicity Assessment of [ 64Cu]Cu-NOTA-Terpyridine Platinum Conjugate: A Novel Chemoradiotherapeutic Agent with Flexible Linker. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11092154. [PMID: 34578470 PMCID: PMC8469169 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Maximum benefits of chemoradiation therapy with platinum-based compounds are expected if the radiation and the drug are localized simultaneously in cancer cells. To optimize this concomitant effect, we developed the novel chemoradiotherapeutic agent [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-C3-TP by conjugating, via a short flexible alkyl chain spacer (C3), a terpyridine platinum (TP) moiety to a NOTA chelator complexed with copper-64 (64Cu). The decay of 64Cu produces numerous low-energy electrons, enabling the 64Cu-conjugate to deliver radiation energy close to TP, which intercalates into G-quadruplex DNA. Accordingly, the in vitro internalization kinetic and the cytotoxic activity of [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-C3-TP and its derivatives were investigated with colorectal cancer (HCT116) and normal human fibroblast (GM05757) cells. Radiolabeling by 64Cu results in a >55,000-fold increase of cytotoxic potential relative to [NatCu]Cu-NOTA-C3-TP at 72 h post administration, indicating a large additive effect between 64Cu and the TP drug. The internalization and nucleus accumulation of [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-C3-TP in the HCT116 cells were, respectively, 3.1 and 6.0 times higher than that for GM05757 normal human fibroblasts, which is supportive of the higher efficiency of the [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-C3-TP for HCT116 cancer cells. This work presents the first proof-of-concept study showing the potential use of the [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-C3-TP conjugate as a targeted chemoradiotherapeutic agent to treat colorectal cancer.
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10
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Wang Y, Huynh TT, Cho HJ, Wang YC, Rogers BE, Mirica LM. Amyloid β-Binding Bifunctional Chelators with Favorable Lipophilicity for 64Cu Positron Emission Tomography Imaging in Alzheimer's Disease. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:12610-12620. [PMID: 34351146 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a new series of bifunctional chelators (BFCs) with a high affinity for amyloid aggregates, a strong binding affinity toward Cu(II), and favorable lipophilicity for potential blood-brain barrier penetration. The alkyl carboxylate ester pendant arms offer up to 3 orders of magnitude higher binding affinity toward Cu(II) and enable the BFCs to form stable 64Cu-radiolabeled complexes. Among the five compounds tested, the 64Cu-YW-7 and 64Cu-YW-10 complexes exhibit strong and specific staining of amyloid plaques in ex vivo autoradiography studies. Importantly, these BFCs have promising partition coefficient (log Doct) values of 0.91-1.26 and show some brain uptake in biodistribution studies using CD-1 mice. Overall, these BFCs could serve as lead compounds for the development of positron emission tomography imaging agents for AD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujue Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Truc T Huynh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Hong-Jun Cho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yung-Ching Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Buck E Rogers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, United States
| | - Liviu M Mirica
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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11
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A A, Fletcher NL, Houston ZH, Thurecht KJ, Grøndahl L. Evaluation of the in vivo fate of ultrapure alginate in a BALB/c mouse model. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 262:117947. [PMID: 33838824 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The linear anionic polysaccharide alginate (ALG) has been comprehensively studied for biomedical applications, yet thus far the in vivo fate of this polymer has not been explored in detail. The current study therefore evaluates the biodistribution of ultrapure ALG (M/G ratio ≥ 0.67 with a measured Mw of 530 kg/mol and polydispersity index; PDI of 1.49) over a 14-day period in BALB/c mice. The biodistribution pattern over 2-days after sample administration using PET imaging with 64Cu-labelled ALG showed liver and spleen uptake. This was confirmed by the 14-day biodistribution profile of cyanine 5-labelled ALG from in vivo and ex vivo fluorescence imaging. Using MacGreen mice confirmed the uptake of the ALG by macrophages in the spleen at the 2-day time point. This extended biodistribution study confirmed the clearance of only a portion of the administered ALG biopolymer, but also uptake by macrophage populations in the spleen over a 14-day period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anitha A
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Nicholas L Fletcher
- Centre for Advanced Imaging (CAI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia; Australian Institute for Bioengineering & Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology and ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Zachary H Houston
- Centre for Advanced Imaging (CAI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia; Australian Institute for Bioengineering & Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology and ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Kristofer J Thurecht
- Centre for Advanced Imaging (CAI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia; Australian Institute for Bioengineering & Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology and ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Lisbeth Grøndahl
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia; Australian Institute for Bioengineering & Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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Aghevlian S, Wu B, Raie MN, Tumbale SK, Kare AJ, Seo JW, Ferrara KW. Pre-clinical evaluation of immunoPET imaging using agonist CD40 monoclonal antibody in pancreatic tumor-bearing mice. Nucl Med Biol 2021; 98-99:8-17. [PMID: 33962357 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A novel [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-aCD40 immunoPET tracer was developed to image a CD40+ pancreatic tumor model in C57BL/6 mice and to study the biodistribution profile of the agonist CD40 (aCD40) monoclonal antibody (mAb) alone or combined with other mAbs. PROCEDURES Copper-64 ([64Cu]Cu) labeled NOTA-aCD40 and NOTA-IgG (10 μg; 7 MBq) were injected intravenously into C57BL/6 mice with subcutaneous mT4 tumors to assess specificity 48 h post injection (p.i.) through positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging and biodistribution studies (n = 5). [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-aCD40 was injected alone or simultaneously in combination with a therapeutic mass of cold aCD40 (100 μg), aPD-1 (200 μg) and aCTLA-4 (200 μg) mAbs. A group of mice with or without tumor received the second round of injections 1 or 3 weeks apart, respectively. PET/CT imaging and biodistribution studies were performed at 48 h p.i. The organ dose for [64Cu]Cu was estimated based on biodistribution studies with 2 μg [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-aCD40 (corresponds to 5 mg patient dose) in non-tumor bearing mice. RESULTS [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-aCD40 accumulation was 2.3- and 7.8-fold higher than [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-IgG in tumors and spleen, respectively, indicating the specificity of aCD40 mAb in a mouse pancreatic tumor model. Tumor accumulation of [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-aCD40 was 21.2 ± 7.3%ID/g at 48 h after injection. Co-injection of [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-aCD40 with cold aCD40 mAb alone or with PD-1 and CTLA-4 mAbs reduced both spleen and tumor uptake, whereas liver uptake was increased. With the second round of injections, the liver was the only organ with substantial uptake. With a 2 μg administered dose of [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-aCD40 in a dosimetry study, the liver to spleen ratio was greater compared to the 10 μg dose (2.8 vs 0.37; respectively). The human equivalent for the highest dose organ (liver) was 198 ± 28.7 μSv/MBq. CONCLUSIONS A CD40-immunoreactive [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-aCD40 probe was developed. The ratio of spleen to liver accumulation exceeded that of the IgG isotype and was greatest with a single small, injected mass. The safety of human patient imaging with [64Cu]Cu was established based on extrapolation of the organ specificity to human imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Aghevlian
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marina Nura Raie
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Spencer K Tumbale
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Aris J Kare
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jai W Seo
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Katherine W Ferrara
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Lee I, Lim I, Byun BH, Kim BI, Choi CW, Woo SK, Kim KI, Lee KC, Kang JH, Seong MK, Kim HA, Noh WC, Lim SM. A preliminary clinical trial to evaluate 64Cu-NOTA-Trastuzumab as a positron emission tomography imaging agent in patients with breast cancer. EJNMMI Res 2021; 11:8. [PMID: 33475899 PMCID: PMC7818354 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-021-00746-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate both the biodistribution and safety of 64Cu-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (NOTA)-Trastuzumab, a novel 64Cu-labeled positron emission tomography (PET) tracer for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in patients with breast cancer. METHODS PET images at 1, 24, and 48 h after 296 MBq of 64Cu-NOTA-Trastuzumab injection were obtained from seven patients with breast cancer. Both the primary tumors' and metastatic lesions' maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) was evaluated. The mean SUVmax (SUVmean) was evaluated in the other organs, including the blood pool, liver, kidney, muscle, spleen, bladder, and the lungs, as well as the bones. Moreover, the internal radiation dosimetry was calculated using the OLINDA/EXM software. Safety was assessed based on feedback regarding adverse reactions and safety-related issues within 1 month after 64Cu-NOTA-Trastuzumab administration. RESULTS 64Cu-NOTA-Trastuzumab PET images showed that the overall SUVmean values in each organ negatively correlated with time. The liver's average SUVmean values were measured at 5.3 ± 0.7, 4.8 ± 0.6, and 4.4 ± 0.5 on 1 h, 24 h, and 48 h after injection, respectively. The average SUVmean blood values were measured at 13.1 ± 0.9, 9.1 ± 1.2, and 7.1 ± 1.9 on 1 h, 24 h, and 48 h after injection, respectively. The SUVmax of HER2-positive tumors was relatively higher than HER2-negative tumors (8.6 ± 5.1 and 5.2 ± 2.8 on 48 h after injection, respectively). Tumor-to-background ratios were higher in the HER2-positive tumors than in the HER2-negative tumors. No adverse events related to 64Cu-NOTA-Trastuzumab were reported. The calculated effective dose with a 296 MBq injection of 64Cu-NOTA-Trastuzumab was 2.96 mSv. The highest absorbed dose was observed in the liver (0.076 mGy/MBq), followed by the spleen (0.063 mGy/MBq), kidney (0.044 mGy/MBq), and heart wall (0.044 mGy/MBq). CONCLUSIONS 64Cu-NOTA-Trastuzumab showed a specific uptake at the HER2-expressing tumors, thus making it a feasible and safe monitoring tool of HER2 tumor status in patients with breast cancer. TRIAL REGISTRATION CRIS, KCT0002790. Registered 02 February 2018, https://cris.nih.go.kr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inki Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Korea Cancer Centre Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 75, Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ilhan Lim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Korea Cancer Centre Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 75, Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Byung Hyun Byun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Korea Cancer Centre Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 75, Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Il Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Korea Cancer Centre Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 75, Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Woon Choi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Korea Cancer Centre Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 75, Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Keun Woo
- Division of Applied RI, Research Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Korea Institutes of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Il Kim
- Division of Applied RI, Research Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Korea Institutes of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyo Chul Lee
- Division of Applied RI, Research Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Korea Institutes of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Kang
- Division of Applied RI, Research Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Korea Institutes of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Ki Seong
- Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Centre Hospital, Korea Institutes of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 75, Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ah Kim
- Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Centre Hospital, Korea Institutes of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 75, Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Chul Noh
- Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Centre Hospital, Korea Institutes of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 75, Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Sang Moo Lim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Korea Cancer Centre Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 75, Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Korea
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Zhou H, Zhang Q, Cheng Y, Xiang L, Shen G, Wu X, Cai H, Li D, Zhu H, Zhang R, Li L, Cheng Z. 64Cu-labeled melanin nanoparticles for PET/CT and radionuclide therapy of tumor. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 29:102248. [PMID: 32574686 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Melanin is a group of natural pigments found in living organism. It can be used for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging due to its inherent chelating ability to radioactive cupric ion. This study was to prepare 64Cu-labeled PEGylated melanin nanoparticles (64Cu-PEG-MNPs), and to further take advantage of the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect of radiolabeled nanoparticles to realize the integration of tumor diagnosis and treatment. We successfully synthesized PEG-MNPs. Saline and serum stability experiments demonstrated good stability. PET/CT showed high tumor aggregation. Moreover, 64Cu-PEG-MNPs resulted in a therapeutic effect on the A431 tumor-bearing mice in the treatment group. The pathological results further confirmed that the therapeutic doses of 64Cu-PEG-MNPs cause pathological changes of tumor tissues while showing minimal toxicity to normal tissues. Our data successfully demonstrate the good imaging performance of 64Cu-PEG-MNPs on A431 tumors and further proved its therapeutic effect, highlighting a great potential in targeted radionuclide therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Qing Zhang
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lili Xiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Forth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guohua Shen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoai Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huawei Cai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Daifeng Li
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiping Zhang
- The Affiliated Shanxi Bethune Hospital of Shanxi Medical University; The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Carlos Dos Santos J, Beijer B, Bauder-Wüst U, Schäfer M, Leotta K, Eder M, Benešová M, Kleist C, Giesel F, Kratochwil C, Kopka K, Haberkorn U, Mier W. Development of Novel PSMA Ligands for Imaging and Therapy with Copper Isotopes. J Nucl Med 2019; 61:70-79. [PMID: 31541034 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.119.229054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-binding tracers have been shown to be promising agents for the specific targeting of prostate tumors. On labeling with the short-lived isotopes 18F and 68Ga, excellent molecular imaging performance is achieved. This potential could be further exploited using long-lived isotopes. Because of the favorable half-life of 64Cu, tracers labeled with this PET nuclide could solve logistic problems. Moreover, this isotope provides a theranostic pair with the therapeutic copper isotope 67Cu. Hence, 9 novel tracers that combine dedicated copper chelators with the PSMA-specific urea-based binding motif were developed. Methods: The precursors were obtained by solid-phase synthesis. The purity and molecular weight of the PSMA ligands were confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The compounds were labeled with 64Cu, with a radiolabeling yield of more than 99%. Competitive cell binding assays and internalization assays were performed with C4-2 cells, a subline of the PSMA-positive cell line LNCaP (human lymph node carcinoma of the prostate). In vitro serum stability, the stability of 64Cu-CA003 in blood, and the in vivo fate of neat 64Cu-chloride or 64Cu-CA003 were determined to prove whether the stability of the radiolabeled compounds is sufficient to ensure no significant loss of copper during the targeting process. For PET imaging and biodistribution studies, a C4-2 tumor-bearing mouse model was used. Results: The radiolabeled 64Cu-PSMA ligands showed high serum stability. All PSMA ligands showed high inhibition potencies, with equilibrium inhibition constants in the low nanomolar range. 64Cu-CA003 and 64Cu-CA005 showed high internalization ratios (34.6% ± 2.8 and 18.6% ± 4.4, respectively). Both the in vitro serum stability determination and the in vivo characterization of the main radiolabeled compounds confirmed that, except for 64Cu-PSMA-617, all compounds showed high serum stability within the observation period of 24 h. Small-animal PET imaging demonstrated high tumor uptake within 20 min. Organ distribution studies confirmed high specific uptake in the tumor, with 30.8 ± 12.6 percentage injected dose (%ID)/g at 1 h after injection. Rapid clearance from the kidneys was observed-a decrease from 67.0 ± 20.9 %ID/g at 1 h after injection to 7.5 ± 8.51 %ID/g at 24 h after injection (in the case of CA003). The performance of CA003, the compound with the best preclinical properties, was assessed in a first patient. In line with its preclinical data, PET imaging resulted in clear visualization of the cancer lesions, with high contrast. Conclusion: The 64Cu-labeled PSMA ligands are promising agents to target PSMA and visualize PSMA-positive tumor lesions as shown in preclinical evaluation by small-animal PET studies, organ distribution, and a patient application. Most importantly, the images obtained at 20 h enabled delineation of unclear lesions, showing that the compounds fulfill the prerequisite for dosimetry in the course of therapy planning with 67Cu. Thus, we suggest clinical use of copper-labeled CA003 for diagnostics and radiotherapy of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbro Beijer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Bauder-Wüst
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Schäfer
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karin Leotta
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Eder
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Development, German Cancer Consortium Freiburg, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; and
| | - Martina Benešová
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Kleist
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frederik Giesel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Clemens Kratochwil
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe Haberkorn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walter Mier
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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Zhu X, Miao X, Qin X, Zhu X. Design of immunogens: The effect of bifunctional chelator on immunological response to chelated copper. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 174:263-269. [PMID: 31181489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
To produce specific antibodies for the detection and quantification of copper ions, bifunctional chelators (BFCs) are commonly applied in the preparation of copper conjugates. However, some copper-chelator complexes exhibit limited stability under in vivo conditions. In this study, Cu2+ was coupled with carrier proteins via three different macrocyclic BFCs: p-SCN-Bn-DOTA, p-SCN-Bn-NOTA, and p-SCN-Bn-TETA. The stability in plasma and the immunogenicity of three copper immunoconjugates were compared. The chelators other than p-SCN-Bn-DOTA were very stable in plasma, with <9% dissociation of Cu2+ over 96 h. The immune response varied depending on the choice of chelator; notably, antisera from the Cu2+-NOTA-KLH conjugate demonstrated the best reactivity toward chelated Cu2+. p-SCN-Bn-NOTA, which showed significant advantages over the other chelators, was used for antibody production. The efficiency of immune-positive hybridoma production was satisfactory, and the resultant monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) 4B7 showed sensitivity (half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 8.9 ng/mL) to chelated Cu2+, with a working range from 1.21 to 48.9 ng/mL. The recovery of Cu2+ from water samples was 85.7-108%, and the intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were 4.0-10.1% and 7.1-11.4%, respectively. Compared with previously reported McAb specific to Cu2+, DF4, the sensitivity of the newly developed assay was improved 100-fold. The results of this study indicate the utility of NOTA for the efficient generation of highly sensitive McAbs against Cu2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Zhu
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, No.9 Seyuan Road Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China.
| | - Xiaye Miao
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, No.9 Seyuan Road Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China
| | - Xinyue Qin
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, No.9 Seyuan Road Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Division 2nd, the Third People's Hospital of Nantong, Jiangsu, 226006, China.
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Yang CT, Ghosh KK, Padmanabhan P, Langer O, Liu J, Eng DNC, Halldin C, Gulyás B. PET-MR and SPECT-MR multimodality probes: Development and challenges. Theranostics 2018; 8:6210-6232. [PMID: 30613293 PMCID: PMC6299694 DOI: 10.7150/thno.26610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET)-magnetic resonance (MR) or single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)-MR hybrid imaging is being used in daily clinical practice. Due to its advantages over stand-alone PET, SPECT or MR imaging, in many areas such as oncology, the demand for hybrid imaging techniques is increasing dramatically. The use of multimodal imaging probes or biomarkers in a single molecule or particle to characterize the imaging subjects such as disease tissues certainly provides us with more accurate diagnosis and promotes therapeutic accuracy. A limited number of multimodal imaging probes are being used in preclinical and potential clinical investigations. The further development of multimodal PET-MR and SPECT-MR imaging probes includes several key elements: novel synthetic strategies, high sensitivity for accurate quantification and high anatomic resolution, favourable pharmacokinetic profile and target-specific binding of a new probe. This review thoroughly summarizes all recently available and noteworthy PET-MR and SPECT-MR multimodal imaging probes including small molecule bimodal probes, nano-sized bimodal probes, small molecular trimodal probes and nano-sized trimodal probes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive overview of all PET-MR and SPECT-MR multimodal probes. Since the development of multimodal PET-MR and SPECT-MR imaging probes is an emerging research field, a selection of 139 papers were recognized following the literature review. The challenges for designing multimodal probes have also been addressed in order to offer some future research directions for this novel interdisciplinary research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Tong Yang
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology and Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, P.R. China, 315201
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Radiological Sciences Division, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore 169608
| | - Krishna K. Ghosh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921
| | - Parasuraman Padmanabhan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921
| | - Oliver Langer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Health and Bioresources, Biomedical Systems, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Jiang Liu
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology and Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, P.R. China, 315201
| | - David Ng Chee Eng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Radiological Sciences Division, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore 169608
- Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857
| | - Christer Halldin
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, S-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Balázs Gulyás
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, S-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
Nuclear medicine is composed of two complementary areas, imaging and therapy. Positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon imaging, including single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), comprise the imaging component of nuclear medicine. These areas are distinct in that they exploit different nuclear decay processes and also different imaging technologies. In PET, images are created from the 511 keV photons produced when the positron emitted by a radionuclide encounters an electron and is annihilated. In contrast, in single-photon imaging, images are created from the γ rays (and occasionally X-rays) directly emitted by the nucleus. Therapeutic nuclear medicine uses particulate radiation such as Auger or conversion electrons or β- or α particles. All three of these technologies are linked by the requirement that the radionuclide must be attached to a suitable vector that can deliver it to its target. It is imperative that the radionuclide remain attached to the vector before it is delivered to its target as well as after it reaches its target or else the resulting image (or therapeutic outcome) will not reflect the biological process of interest. Radiochemistry is at the core of this process, and radiometals offer radiopharmaceutical chemists a tremendous range of options with which to accomplish these goals. They also offer a wide range of options in terms of radionuclide half-lives and emission properties, providing the ability to carefully match the decay properties with the desired outcome. This Review provides an overview of some of the ways this can be accomplished as well as several historical examples of some of the limitations of earlier metalloradiopharmaceuticals and the ways that new technologies, primarily related to radionuclide production, have provided solutions to these problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Boros
- Department of Chemistry , Stony Brook University , Stony Brook , New York 11794 , United States
| | - Alan B Packard
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology , Boston Children's Hospital , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States.,Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
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Konopka CJ, Wozniak M, Hedhli J, Ploska A, Schwartz-Duval A, Siekierzycka A, Pan D, Munirathinam G, Dobrucki IT, Kalinowski L, Dobrucki LW. Multimodal imaging of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products with molecularly targeted nanoparticles. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:5012-5024. [PMID: 30429883 PMCID: PMC6217059 DOI: 10.7150/thno.24791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) is central to multiple disease states, including diabetes-related conditions such as peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Despite RAGE's importance in these pathologies, there remains a need for a molecular imaging agent that can accurately assess RAGE levels in vivo. Therefore, we have developed a multimodal nanoparticle-based imaging agent targeted at RAGE with the well-characterized RAGE ligand, carboxymethyllysine (CML)-modified human serum albumin (HSA). Methods: A multimodal tracer (64Cu-Rho-G4-CML) was developed using a generation-4 (G4) polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer, conjugated with both rhodamine and copper-64 (64Cu) chelator (NOTA) for optical and PET imaging, respectively. First, 64Cu-Rho-G4-CML and its non-targeted analogue (64Cu-Rho-G4-HSA) were evaluated chemically using techniques such as dynamic light scattering (DLS), electron microscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The tracers' binding capabilities were examined at the cellular level and optimized using live and fixed HUVEC cells grown in 5.5-30 mM glucose, followed by in vivo PET-CT imaging, where the probes' kinetics, biodistribution, and RAGE targeting properties were examined in a murine model of hindlimb ischemia. Finally, histological assessment of RAGE levels in both ischemic and non-ischemic tissues was performed. Conclusions: Our RAGE-targeted probe demonstrated an average size of 450 nm, a Kd of 340-390 nM, rapid blood clearance, and a 3.4 times greater PET uptake in ischemic RAGE-expressing hindlimbs than their non-ischemic counterpart. We successfully demonstrated increased RAGE expression in a murine model of hindlimb ischemia and the feasibility for non-invasive examination of cellular, tissue, and whole-body RAGE levels with a molecularly targeted tracer.
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Ahmedova A, Todorov B, Burdzhiev N, Goze C. Copper radiopharmaceuticals for theranostic applications. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 157:1406-1425. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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21
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Jensen AI, Severin GW, Hansen AE, Fliedner FP, Eliasen R, Parhamifar L, Kjær A, Andresen TL, Henriksen JR. Remote-loading of liposomes with manganese-52 and in vivo evaluation of the stabilities of 52Mn-DOTA and 64Cu-DOTA using radiolabelled liposomes and PET imaging. J Control Release 2018; 269:100-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Mansour N, Paquette M, Ait-Mohand S, Dumulon-Perreault V, Guérin B. Evaluation of a novel GRPR antagonist for prostate cancer PET imaging: [ 64 Cu]-DOTHA 2 -PEG-RM26. Nucl Med Biol 2018; 56:31-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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23
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Bandara N, Sharma AK, Krieger S, Schultz JW, Han BH, Rogers BE, Mirica LM. Evaluation of 64Cu-Based Radiopharmaceuticals that Target Aβ Peptide Aggregates as Diagnostic Tools for Alzheimer's Disease. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:12550-12558. [PMID: 28823165 PMCID: PMC5677763 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agents that detect amyloid plaques containing amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide aggregates in the brain of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients have been successfully developed and recently approved by the FDA for clinical use. However, the short half-lives of the currently used radionuclides 11C (20.4 min) and 18F (109.8 min) may limit the widespread use of these imaging agents. Therefore, we have begun to evaluate novel AD diagnostic agents that can be radiolabeled with 64Cu, a radionuclide with a half-life of 12.7 h, ideal for PET imaging. Described herein are a series of bifunctional chelators (BFCs), L1-L5, that were designed to tightly bind 64Cu and shown to interact with Aβ aggregates both in vitro and in transgenic AD mouse brain sections. Importantly, biodistribution studies show that these compounds exhibit promising brain uptake and rapid clearance in wild-type mice, and initial microPET imaging studies of transgenic AD mice suggest that these compounds could serve as lead compounds for the development of improved diagnostic agents for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilantha Bandara
- Mallinckrodt
Institute of Radiology, Washington University
School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Department
of Radiation Oncology, Washington University
School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, United States
| | - Anuj K. Sharma
- Department
of Chemistry, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Stephanie Krieger
- Department
of Radiation Oncology, Washington University
School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, United States
| | - Jason W. Schultz
- Department
of Chemistry, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Byung Hee Han
- Department
of Pharmacology, A.T. Still University of
Health Sciences, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kirksville, Missouri 63501, United States
| | - Buck E. Rogers
- Mallinckrodt
Institute of Radiology, Washington University
School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Department
of Radiation Oncology, Washington University
School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, United States
| | - Liviu M. Mirica
- Department
of Chemistry, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
- Hope
Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington
University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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24
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Sai KKS, Sattiraju A, Almaguel FG, Xuan A, Rideout S, Krishnaswamy RS, Zhang J, Herpai DM, Debinski W, Mintz A. Peptide-based PET imaging of the tumor restricted IL13RA2 biomarker. Oncotarget 2017; 8:50997-51007. [PMID: 28881623 PMCID: PMC5584224 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides that target cancer cell surface receptors are promising platforms to deliver diagnostic and therapeutic payloads specifically to cancer but not normal tissue. IL13RA2 is a tumor-restricted receptor found to be present in several aggressive malignancies, including in the vast majority of high-grade gliomas and malignant melanoma. This receptor has been successfully targeted for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes using modified IL-13 ligand and more recently using a specific peptide, Pep-1L. In the current work, we establish the in vitro and in vivo tumor binding properties of radiolabeled Pep-1L, designed for tumor imaging. We radiolabeled Pep-1L with Copper-64 and demonstrated specific cell uptake in the IL13RA2-over expressing G48 glioblastoma cell line having abundant IL13RA2 expression. [64Cu]Pep-1L binding was blocked by unlabeled ligand, demonstrating specificity. To demonstrate in vivo tumor uptake, we intravenously injected into tumor-bearing mice and demonstrated that [64Cu]Pep-1L specifically bound tumors at 24 hours, which was significantly blocked (3-fold) by pre-injecting unlabeled peptide. To further demonstrate specificity of Pep-1L towards IL13RA2 in vivo, we exploited an IL13RA2-inducible melanoma tumor model that does not express receptor at baseline but expresses abundant receptor after treatment with doxycycline. We injected [64Cu]Pep-1L into mice bearing IL13RA2-inducible melanoma tumors and performed in vivo PET/CT and post-necropsy biodistribution studies and found that tumors that were induced to express IL13RA2 receptor by doxycycline pretreatment bound radiolabeled Pep-1L 3-4 fold greater than uninduced tumors, demonstrating receptor specificity. This work demonstrates that [64Cu]Pep-1L selectively binds hIL13RA2-expressing tumors and validates Pep-1L as an effective platform to deliver diagnostics and therapeutics to IL13RA2-expressing cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anirudh Sattiraju
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Frankis G Almaguel
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Ang Xuan
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Stephanie Rideout
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - JoAnn Zhang
- MicroPET/CT Imaging Section, TriFoil Imaging, Chatsworth, CA, USA
| | - Denise M Herpai
- Department of Cancer Biology, Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Waldemar Debinski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Akiva Mintz
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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25
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Bandara N, Zheleznyak A, Cherukuri K, Griffith DA, Limberakis C, Tess DA, Jianqing C, Waterhouse R, Lapi SE. Evaluation of Cu-64 and Ga-68 Radiolabeled Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists as PET Tracers for Pancreatic β cell Imaging. Mol Imaging Biol 2016; 18:90-8. [PMID: 25987465 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-015-0861-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Copper-64 (Cu-64) and Galium-68 (Ga-68) radiolabeled DO3A and NODA conjugates of exendin-4 were used for preclinical imaging of pancreatic β cells via targeting of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R). PROCEDURES DO3A-VS- and NODA-VS-tagged Cys(40)exendin-4 (DO3A-VS-Cys(40)-exendin-4 and NODA-VS-Cys(40)-exendin-4, respectively) were labeled with Cu-64 and Ga-68 using standard techniques. Biodistribution and dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) were carried out in normal Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Ex vivo autoradiography imaging was conducted with freshly frozen pancreatic thin sections. RESULTS DO3A-VS- and NODA-VS-Cys(40)-exendin-4 analogues were labeled with Cu-64 and Ga-68 to a specific activity of 518.7 ± 3.7 Ci/mmol (19.19 ± 0.14 TBq/mmol) and radiochemical yield above 98 %. Biodistribution data demonstrated pancreatic uptake of 0.11 ± 0.02 %ID/g for [(64)Cu]DO3A-VS-, 0.14 ± 0.02 %ID/g for [(64)Cu]NODA-VS-, 0.11 ± 0.03 for [(68)Ga]DO3A-VS-, and 0.26 ± 0.03 for [(68)Ga]NODA-VS-Cys(40)-exendin-4. Excess exendin-4 and exendin-(9-39)-amide displaced all four Cu-64 and Ga-68 labeled exendin-4 derivatives in blocking studies. CONCLUSIONS [(64)Cu]/[(68)Ga]DO3A-VS-Cys(40)- and [(64)Cu]/[(68)Ga]NODA-VS-Cys(40)-exendin-4 can be used as PET imaging agents specific for GLP-1R expressed on β cells. Here, we report the first evidence of pancreatic uptake visualized with exendin-4 derivative in a rat animal model via in vivo dynamic PET imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilantha Bandara
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Alex Zheleznyak
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Kaavya Cherukuri
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - David A Griffith
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Chris Limberakis
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, CT, 06340, USA
| | - David A Tess
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Chen Jianqing
- Clinical and Translational Imaging, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Rikki Waterhouse
- Clinical and Translational Imaging, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Suzanne E Lapi
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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26
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Gai Y, Sun L, Hui W, Ouyang Q, Anderson CJ, Xiang G, Ma X, Zeng D. New Bifunctional Chelator p-SCN-PhPr-NE3TA for Copper-64: Synthesis, Peptidomimetic Conjugation, Radiolabeling, and Evaluation for PET Imaging. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:6892-901. [PMID: 27347690 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bifunctional chelators play an important role in developing metallic radionuclide-based radiopharmaceuticals. In this study, a new bifunctional ligand, p-SCN-PhPr-NE3TA, was synthesized and conjugated to a very late antigen-4 targeting peptidomimetic, LLP2A, for evaluating its application in (64)Cu-based positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. The new ligand exhibited strong selective coordination of Cu(II), leading to a robust Cu complex, even in the presence of 10-fold Fe(III). The LLP2A conjugate of p-SCN-PhPr-NE3TA was prepared and successfully labeled with (64)Cu under mild conditions. The conjugate (64)Cu-NE3TA-PEG4-LLP2A showed significantly higher specific activity, compared with (64)Cu-NOTA-PEG4-LLP2A, while maintaining comparable serum stability. Subsequent biodistribution studies and PET imaging in mice bearing B16F10 xenografts confirmed its favorable in vivo performance and high tumor uptake with low background, rendering p-SCN-PhPr-NE3TA a promising bifunctional chelator for (64)Cu-based radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Gai
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.,Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - Lingyi Sun
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - Wenqi Hui
- College of Pharmacy, The Third Military Medical University , Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qin Ouyang
- College of Pharmacy, The Third Military Medical University , Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Carolyn J Anderson
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States.,Departments of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology and Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - Guangya Xiang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiang Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Dexing Zeng
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
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27
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Wu N, Kang CS, Sin I, Ren S, Liu D, Ruthengael VC, Lewis MR, Chong HS. Promising bifunctional chelators for copper 64-PET imaging: practical (64)Cu radiolabeling and high in vitro and in vivo complex stability. J Biol Inorg Chem 2016; 21:177-84. [PMID: 26666778 PMCID: PMC5116241 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-015-1318-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) using copper-64 is a sensitive and non-invasive imaging technique for diagnosis and staging of cancer. A bifunctional chelator that can present rapid radiolabeling kinetics and high complex stability with (64)Cu is a critical component for targeted PET imaging. Bifunctional chelates 3p-C-NE3TA, 3p-C-NOTA, and 3p-C-DE4TA were evaluated for complexation kinetics and stability with (64)Cu in vitro and in vivo. Hexadentate 3p-C-NOTA and heptadentate 3p-C-NE3TA possess a smaller TACN-based macrocyclic backbone, while nonadentate 3p-C-DE4TA is constructed on a larger CYCLEN-based ring. The frequently explored chelates of (64)Cu, octadentate C-DOTA and hexadentate C-NOTA were also comparatively evaluated. Radiolabeling kinetics of bifunctional chelators with (64)Cu was assessed under mild conditions. All bifunctional chelates instantly bound to (64)Cu in excellent radiolabeling efficiency at room temperature. C-DOTA was less efficient in binding (64)Cu than all other chelates. All (64)Cu-radiolabeled bifunctional chelates remained stable in human serum without any loss of (64)Cu for 2 days. When challenged by an excess amount of EDTA, (64)Cu complexes of C-NOTA, 3p-C-NE3TA and 3p-C-NOTA were shown to be more stable than (64)Cu-C-DOTA and (64)Cu-3p-C-DE4TA. (64)Cu complexes of the new chelates 3p-C-NE3TA and 3p-C-NOTA displayed comparable in vitro and in vivo complex stability to (64)Cu-C-NOTA. In vivo biodistribution result indicates that the (64)Cu-radiolabeled complexes of 3p-C-NOTA and 3p-C-NE3TA possess excellent in vivo complex stability, while (64)Cu-3p-C-DE4TA was dissociated as evidenced by high renal and liver retention in mice. The results of in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that the bifunctional chelates 3p-C-NE3TA and 3p-C-NOTA offer excellent chelation chemistry with (64)Cu for potential PET imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningjie Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St, LS 182, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Chi Soo Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St, LS 182, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Inseok Sin
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St, LS 182, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Siyuan Ren
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St, LS 182, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Dijie Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Varyanna C Ruthengael
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Michael R Lewis
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Hyun-Soon Chong
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St, LS 182, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA.
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28
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Kang CS, Wu N, Chen Y, Sun X, Bandara N, Liu D, Lewis MR, Rogers BE, Chong HS. Transferrin conjugates of triazacyclononane-based bifunctional NE3TA chelates for PET imaging: Synthesis, Cu-64 radiolabeling, and in vitro and in vivo evaluation. J Inorg Biochem 2015; 154:60-6. [PMID: 26583705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Three different polyaminocarboxylate-based bifunctional NE3TA (7-[2-[carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl]-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4-diacetic acid) chelating agents were synthesized for potential use in copper 64-PET imaging applications. The bifunctional chelates were comparatively evaluated using transferrin (Tf) as a model targeting vector that binds to the transferrin receptor overexpressed in many different cancer cells. The transferrin conjugates of the NE3TA-based bifunctional chelates were evaluated for radiolabeling with (64)Cu. In vitro stability and cellular uptake of (64)Cu-radiolabeled conjugates were evaluated in human serum and prostate (PC-3) cancer cells, respectively. Among the three NE3TA-Tf conjugates tested, N-NE3TA-Tf was identified as the best conjugate for radiolabeling with (64)Cu. N-NE3TA-Tf rapidly bound to (64)Cu (>98% radiolabeling efficiency, 1min, RT), and (64)Cu-N-NE3TA-Tf remained stable in human serum for 2days and demonstrated high uptake in PC-3 cancer cells. (64)Cu-N-NE3TA-Tf was shown to have rapid blood clearance and increasing tumor uptake in PC-3 tumor bearing mice over a 24h period. This bifunctional chelate presents highly efficient chelation chemistry with (64)Cu under mild condition that can be applied for radiolabeling of various tumor-specific biomolecules with (64)Cu for potential use in PET imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Soo Kang
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ningjie Wu
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yunwei Chen
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Xiang Sun
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Nilantha Bandara
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Dijie Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Michael R Lewis
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, United States; Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Buck E Rogers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Hyun-Soon Chong
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, United States.
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29
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Chong HS, Chen Y, Kang CS, Sun X, Wu N. Novel (64)Cu-radiolabeled bile acid conjugates for targeted PET imaging. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:1082-5. [PMID: 25661712 PMCID: PMC4706377 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A promising bifunctional chelate (N-NE3TA) was conjugated to bile acids, cholic acid (CA), deoxycholic acid (DCA), and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) as tumor targeting vectors. Bile acid conjugates of N-NE3TA (CA-N-NE3TA, DCA-N-NE3TA, and CDCA-N-NE3TA) were comparatively evaluated for complexation with (64)Cu, an imaging probe for positron emission tomography (PET). N-NE3TA-bile acid conjugates were evaluated for radiolabeling kinetics with (64)Cu, and the corresponding (64)Cu-radiolabeled conjugates were screened for complex stability in human serum and EDTA solution. The NE3TA-bile acid conjugates instantly bound to (64)Cu with excellent radiolabeling efficiency at room temperature. All NE3TA-bile acid conjugates radiolabeled with (64)Cu remained inert in human serum for 2days without releasing a considerable amount of the radioactivity. The (64)Cu-radiolabeled complexes were further challenged by EDTA in a 100-fold molar excess. Bile acid-N-NE3TA conjugates radiolabeled with (64)Cu were quite stable with a minimal transfer of (64)Cu to EDTA at 4h time point. The in vitro data indicate that the bile acid-N-NE3TA conjugates deserve further biological evaluation for (64)Cu-based targeted PET imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Soon Chong
- Chemistry Division, Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St., LS 182, Chicago, IL 60616, United States.
| | - Yunwei Chen
- Chemistry Division, Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St., LS 182, Chicago, IL 60616, United States
| | - Chi Soo Kang
- Chemistry Division, Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St., LS 182, Chicago, IL 60616, United States
| | - Xiang Sun
- Chemistry Division, Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St., LS 182, Chicago, IL 60616, United States
| | - Ningjie Wu
- Chemistry Division, Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St., LS 182, Chicago, IL 60616, United States
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30
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Understanding the pharmacological properties of a metabolic PET tracer in prostate cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:7254-9. [PMID: 24785505 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1405240111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Generally, solid tumors (>400 mm(3)) are inherently acidic, with more aggressive growth producing greater acidity. If the acidity could be targeted as a biomarker, it would provide a means to gauge the pace of tumor growth and degree of invasiveness, as well as providing a basis for predicting responses to pH-dependent chemotherapies. We have developed a (64)Cu pH (low) insertion peptide (pHLIP) for targeting, imaging, and quantifying acidic tumors by PET, and our findings reveal utility in assessing prostate tumors. The new pHLIP version limits indiscriminate healthy tissue binding, and we demonstrate its targeting of extracellular acidification in three different prostate cancer models, each with different vascularization and acid-extruding protein carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) expression. We then describe the tumor distribution of this radiotracer ex vivo, in association with blood perfusion and known biomarkers of acidity, such as hypoxia, lactate dehydrogenase A, and CAIX. We find that the probe reveals metabolic variations between and within tumors, and discriminates between necrotic and living tumor areas.
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31
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Sin I, Kang CS, Bandara N, Sun X, Zhong Y, Rogers BE, Chong HS. Novel hexadentate and pentadentate chelators for ⁶⁴Cu-based targeted PET imaging. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:2553-62. [PMID: 24657050 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of new hexadentate and pentadentate chelators were designed and synthesized as chelators of (64)Cu. The new pentadentate and hexadentate chelators contain different types of donor groups and are expected to form neutral complexes with Cu(II). The new chelators were evaluated for complex kinetics and stability with (64)Cu. The new chelators instantly bound to (64)Cu with high labeling efficiency and maximum specific activity. All (64)Cu-radiolabeled complexes in human serum remained intact for 2 days. The (64)Cu-radiolabeled complexes were further challenged by EDTA in a 100-fold molar excess. Among the (64)Cu-radiolabeled complexes evaluated, (64)Cu-complex of the new chelator E was well tolerated with a minimal transfer of (64)Cu to EDTA. (64)Cu-radiolabeled complex of the new chelator E was further evaluated for biodistribution studies using mice and displayed rapid blood clearance and low organ uptake. (64)Cu-chelator E produced a favorable in vitro and in vivo complex stability profiles comparable to (64)Cu complex of the known hexadentate NOTA chelator. The in vitro and in vivo data highlight strong potential of the new chelator E for targeted PET imaging application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inseok Sin
- Chemistry Division, Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60616, United States
| | - Chi Soo Kang
- Chemistry Division, Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60616, United States
| | - Nilantha Bandara
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Xiang Sun
- Chemistry Division, Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60616, United States
| | - Yongliang Zhong
- Chemistry Division, Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60616, United States
| | - Buck E Rogers
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States; Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Hyun-Soon Chong
- Chemistry Division, Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60616, United States.
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32
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Chong HS, Sun X, Zhong Y, Bober K, Lewis MR, Liu D, Ruthengael VC, Sin I, Kang CS. Synthesis and Evaluation of an Enantiomerically Enriched Bifunctional Chelator for64Cu-Based Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Imaging. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Zhao Y, Sultan D, Detering L, Cho S, Sun G, Pierce R, Wooley KL, Liu Y. Copper-64-Alloyed Gold Nanoparticles for Cancer Imaging: Improved Radiolabel Stability and Diagnostic Accuracy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201308494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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34
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Zhao Y, Sultan D, Detering L, Cho S, Sun G, Pierce R, Wooley KL, Liu Y. Copper-64-Alloyed Gold Nanoparticles for Cancer Imaging: Improved Radiolabel Stability and Diagnostic Accuracy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 53:156-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201308494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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35
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Yim CB, Mikkola K, Fagerholm V, Elomaa VV, Ishizu T, Rajander J, Schlesinger J, Roivainen A, Nuutila P, Solin O. Synthesis and preclinical characterization of [64Cu]NODAGA-MAL-exendin-4 with a Nε-maleoyl-l-lysyl-glycine linkage. Nucl Med Biol 2013; 40:1006-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2013.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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