1
|
Sila S, Niseteo T, Hojsak I. Importance of dietary fiber in children. Minerva Pediatr (Torino) 2024; 76:679-689. [PMID: 37310770 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5276.23.07211-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dietary fibers (DFs) are essential components of human nutrition and are principally defined as non-digestible carbohydrates (oligosaccharides and polysaccharides) usually classified by their physicochemical and physiological characteristics (water solubility, viscosity, fermentability, and bulking effect). Unfortunately, there is limited information on dietary fiber recommendations for children, and the evidence on their effect on health and symptom control is mainly available for the adult population. Therefore, this review aims to give a comprehensive overview of the characteristics and dietary sources of dietary fiber and their potential health benefits in healthy children but also their potential use in the treatment of sick children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sila
- Referral Center for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tena Niseteo
- Referral Center for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Iva Hojsak
- Referral Center for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia -
- University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University J.J. Strossmayer, Osijek, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Alkhatib B, Al Hourani H, Al-Shami IK, Al-Jawaldeh A. Food consumption and adherence to dietary guidelines among Jordanian children and adolescents. F1000Res 2024; 12:1094. [PMID: 39296353 PMCID: PMC11409655 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.138866.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Early-life food consumption patterns may affect children's health by increasing susceptibility to developing non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) in adulthood. Aims To evaluate Jordanian children and adolescents' energy and macronutrient intake and how closely they adhere to dietary recommendations. Methods This cross-sectional study used data from Jordan's Population-based Food Consumption Survey, a household population-based study conducted in Jordan between 2021 and 2022 (561 children and adolescents 8-19 years). Dietary intake was assessed using the two non-consecutive 24-hour dietary recall methods (24-h DR). The estimated food group and nutrient intakes were compared to nutritional recommendations, including MyPlate dietary guidelines. Results The prevalence of overweight/obese individuals based on body mass index (BMI) was 44%, and the average waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) was 24.7%. Compared to MyPlate dietary guidelines, children and adolescents had a higher added sugar intake (57g/day). Also, consuming vegetables, fruits, and dairy fell short of MyPlate dietary guidelines. The total discretionary calorie intake in children and adolescents was approximately one-third of the total energy intake. Conclusion The food consumption of Jordanian children and adolescents includes high intakes of discretionary calories, with a low intake of fruits, vegetables, and dairy products. The prevalence of overweight/obesity was elevated compared to international norms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Buthaina Alkhatib
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Huda Al Hourani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Islam K. Al-Shami
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Ayoub Al-Jawaldeh
- Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Committee for World Health Organization, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Leo M, D'Angeli F, Genovese C, Spila A, Miele C, Ramadan D, Ferroni P, Guadagni F. Oral Health and Nutraceutical Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9733. [PMID: 39273680 PMCID: PMC11395598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral health is essential for both overall health and quality of life. The mouth is a window into the body's health, and nutrition can strongly impact the state of general and oral health. A healthy diet involves the synergistic effect of various nutraceutical agents, potentially capable of conferring protective actions against some inflammatory and chronic-degenerative disorders. Nutraceuticals, mostly present in plant-derived products, present multiple potential clinical, preventive, and therapeutic benefits. Accordingly, preclinical and epidemiological studies suggested a protective role for these compounds, but their real preventive and therapeutic effects in humans still await confirmation. Available evidence suggests that plant extracts are more effective than individual constituents because they contain different phytochemicals with multiple pharmacological targets and additive/synergistic effects, maximizing the benefits for oral health. Moreover, nutritional recommendations for oral health should be personalized and aligned with valid suggestions for overall health. This review is aimed to: introduce the basic concepts of nutraceuticals, including their main food sources; examine the logic that supports their relationship with oral health, and summarize and critically discuss clinical trials testing the utility of nutraceuticals in the prevention and treatment of oral diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariantonietta Leo
- Department of Promotion of Human Sciences and Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Floriana D'Angeli
- Department of Promotion of Human Sciences and Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, "Kore" University of Enna, Contrada Santa Panasia, 94100 Enna, Italy
| | - Carlo Genovese
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, "Kore" University of Enna, Contrada Santa Panasia, 94100 Enna, Italy
- Nacture S.r.l., Spin-Off University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Antonella Spila
- Department of Promotion of Human Sciences and Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
- InterInstitutional Multidisciplinary Biobank (BioBIM), IRCCS San Raffaele, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Miele
- Department of Promotion of Human Sciences and Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Dania Ramadan
- Department of Promotion of Human Sciences and Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ferroni
- Department of Promotion of Human Sciences and Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
- InterInstitutional Multidisciplinary Biobank (BioBIM), IRCCS San Raffaele, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorella Guadagni
- Department of Promotion of Human Sciences and Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
- InterInstitutional Multidisciplinary Biobank (BioBIM), IRCCS San Raffaele, 00166 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Afolayan FID, Odeyemi RA, Salaam RA. In silico and in vivo evaluations of multistage antiplasmodial potency and toxicity profiling of n-Hexadecanoic acid derived from Vernonia amygdalina. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1445905. [PMID: 39234111 PMCID: PMC11371785 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1445905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the widely reported potentials of n-Hexadecanoic acid (HA) as a bioactive, its multi-stage antiplasmodial activity and toxicity profiles remain largely unknown. Methodology Thus, this study uses a combination of in silico approaches and in vivo studies to assess the inhibitory activities of HA at different stages of the Plasmodium lifecycle, antiplasmodial performance, and toxicity profiles. The HA was retrieved from the PubChem database, while antiplasmodial target proteins from different stages of the Plasmodium falciparum life cycle were collated from the Protein Databank (PDB). Molecular Docking and Visualization were conducted between the compound and target proteins using AutoVina PyRx software and Biovia Discovery Studio, respectively. Also, the AdmetLab 3.0 algorithm was used to predict the absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity (ADMET) profiles of HA. Based on a 4-day suppressive test, the antiplasmodial activity against the Plasmodium berghei ANKA strain in mice was evaluated. Furthermore, subacute toxicity and micronucleus assays were used for further toxicity assessment. Results The molecular docking analysis indicates multi-stage, multi-target potentials of HA with favourable ligand-receptor complexes across the four Plasmodium falciparum stages. Meanwhile, the mice administered with 100 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, and 10 mg/kg of HA demonstrated considerable chemosuppression in a dose-dependent manner of 89.74%, 83.80%, and 71.58% percentage chemosuppression, respectively, at p < 0.05. The ADMET prediction, histopathological tests, and micronucleus assays show that HA is safer at a lower dose. Conclusion This study showed that n-Hexadecanoic acid is a potential drug candidate for malaria. Hence, it is recommended for further molecular and biochemical investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F I D Afolayan
- Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - R A Odeyemi
- Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - R A Salaam
- Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Alkhaldy AA, Aljaadi AM, Jalil AMM, Alyoubi DA, Saleemani HH, Eid RH, Almohmadi NH, Al-Otaibi HH, Ajabnoor SM. Cross-continental national nutrition surveys: a narrative review. BMC Nutr 2024; 10:63. [PMID: 38649978 PMCID: PMC11034115 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-024-00868-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Many countries use national nutrition surveys (NNSs) to assess their population's health and nutrition needs. However, NNS aims, approaches, tools, and measurements vary among countries. To date, there has been no review evaluating the NNSs and their practices worldwide to help conduct future NSSs. Therefore, this narrative review was conducted to 1) explore and tabulate current NNSs in five continents (Asia, Europe, Africa, North America, and Australia) and 2) help lay the foundation for establishing clear guidelines for future NNSs. The NNSs were identified using two approaches. First, an electronic database search was conducted with key terms in PubMed database. Second, a general web-based search on the survey webpages of governmental organizations was conducted using the same key terms to identify eligible surveys. The review included general adult population (≥ 18 years) with a cross-sectional design, excluding NNSs related to household-only surveys, specific age groups, or insufficient sample sizes. A total of 41 NNSs were identified in 37 countries across four continents: Asia (n = 15), Europe (n = 21), North America (n = 3), and Australia (n = 2). Broad differences between the surveys were identified, including survey purposes and designs, definitions of geographic areas and target groups, and dietary assessments. Currently, there are 26 ongoing NNSs, while 15 have ended. Among the ongoing NNSs, the cycles of the surveys were either at regular intervals (n = 8) or irregular intervals (n = 8). Of the 41 surveys, 24-h dietary recalls were used in 27 surveys, while only 6 surveys used diet diaries and 8 surveys relied on FFQs. Some surveys (n = 17) utilized multiple tools to assess dietary intake. Most of the surveys that assessed biochemical status (n = 12) focused on blood glucose, haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and lipid status, whereas some surveys (n = 6) tested for vitamin and mineral status in blood and/or urine samples. The review identified key characteristics, time frames, sampling methods, and dietary and physical assessment methods obtained from different surveys worldwide. The information organized in this review will be important for researchers, policymakers, and public health programme developers in developing and improving NNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Areej A Alkhaldy
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80215, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abeer M Aljaadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abbe M Mhd Jalil
- School of Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, 21300, Malaysia
| | - Doaa A Alyoubi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80215, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haneen H Saleemani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80215, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ruba H Eid
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najlaa H Almohmadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala H Al-Otaibi
- Department of Food and Nutrition Science, College of Agricultural and Food Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah M Ajabnoor
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80215, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Food, Nutrition and Lifestyle Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Modena A, Casiraghi MC, Erba D. Dietary intake and adherence to the Mediterranean diet in semi-professional female soccer players: a cross-sectional study. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1378365. [PMID: 38706566 PMCID: PMC11066240 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1378365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Adequate energy and nutrient intakes in athletes contribute to optimal performance and recovery, decrease the risk of injury, and help preserve athletes' health. The Mediterranean diet (MD) is considered suitable for covering the nutritional needs of athletes, while contributing to improve eating habits. The aim of the present study was to investigate the energy and nutrient intakes of semi-professional female soccer players and their adherence to the MD, during the competitive season. Methods A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on twenty-three female soccer players, who were invited to fill in a 3-day food diary twice, one month apart, to assess their energy and nutrient intakes and a validated questionnaire (MEDI-LITE) to evaluate their adherence to MD. Exercise energy expenditure during three training and match-play days was monitored by GPS. Results On average, the participants consumed 1,981 kcal/day, with 44% of their energy deriving from carbohydrates, 21% from protein, and 34% from fat; the mean MD adherence score was 10.1 ± 1.8, corresponding to a good MD adherence. A substantial percentage of athletes were at risk of insufficient nutrient intakes for vitamin D (100%), iodine (87%), potassium (87%), vitamin E (39%), iron and zinc (17 and 30%, respectively). Conclusion The evaluation of the dietary intake in female soccer players showed energy deficiency in relation to training level, mainly due to the insufficient intake of carbohydrates, and micronutrient deficiencies. The technical staff should promote adequate consumption of starchy foods in female athletes and emphasize the importance of a proper distribution of energy intake among different eating occasions, including snacks. Periodic monitoring of the nutritional status of micronutrients (vitamin D and some minerals) could help reduce deficiency risk. Over all, nutrition education to improve eating habits of athletes seems worthy of attention, in order to preserve athletes' health and performance.
Collapse
|
7
|
Walsh NM, Flynn A, Walton J, Kehoe L. Optimal growth and development: are teenagers getting enough micronutrients from their diet? Proc Nutr Soc 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38433580 DOI: 10.1017/s002966512400017x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The teenage years represent a crucial period of physical and cognitive growth and development with sufficient micronutrient intakes necessary to meet high nutritional requirements. This review examines current micronutrient intakes in teenagers in the Western world in the context of public health implications including the prevalence of inadequate intakes and risk of excessive intakes. Intakes of vitamins A, D, E and C, folate, calcium, iron, magnesium, zinc and potassium in teenagers are low when compared to generally accepted recommendations, while there is little risk of excessive micronutrient intakes based on current dietary patterns. Therefore, strategies should focus on increasing micronutrient intakes in order to decrease the risk of negative impacts resulting from these low intakes. These strategies should be mindful of guidance towards an environmentally sustainable diet whilst ensuring that nutrient intakes in teenagers are not further negatively impacted. In order to identify, implement and monitor the effectiveness of such strategies, intakes of micronutrients should be continually monitored in nationally representative samples of the population for all age groups including this vulnerable cohort of teenagers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niamh M Walsh
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Cork, Republic of Ireland
| | - Albert Flynn
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland
| | - Janette Walton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Cork, Republic of Ireland
| | - Laura Kehoe
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Cork, Republic of Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mattavelli E, Piperni E, Asnicar F, Redaelli L, Grigore L, Pellegatta F, Nabinejad A, Tamburini S, Segata N, Catapano AL, Baragetti A. High dietary inflammatory index associates with inflammatory proteins in plasma. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2024; 16:50. [PMID: 38409061 PMCID: PMC10895728 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-024-01287-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Unhealthy dietary habits and highly caloric foods induce metabolic alterations and promote the development of the inflammatory consequences of obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Describing an inflammatory effect of diet is difficult to pursue, owing lacks of standardized quali-quantitative dietary assessments. The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) has been proposed as an estimator of the pro- or anti-inflammatory effect of nutrients and higher DII values, which indicate an increased intake of nutrients with pro-inflammatory effects, relate to an increased risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases and we here assessed whether they reflect biologically relevant plasmatic variations of inflammatory proteins. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, seven days dietary records from 663 subjects in primary prevention for cardiovascular diseases were analyzed to derive the intake of nutrients, foods and to calculate DII. To associate DII with the Normalized Protein eXpression (NPX), an index of abundance, of a targeted panel of 368 inflammatory biomarkers (Olink™) measured in the plasma, we divided the population by the median value of DII (1.60 (0.83-2.30)). RESULTS 332 subjects with estimated DII over the median value reported a higher intake of saturated fats but lower intakes of poly-unsaturated fats, including omega-3 and omega-6 fats, versus subjects with estimated dietary DII below the median value (N = 331). The NPX of 61 proteins was increased in the plasma of subjects with DII > median vs. subjects with DII < median. By contrast, in the latter group, we underscored only 3 proteins with increased NPX. Only 23, out of these 64 proteins, accurately identified subjects with DII > median (Area Under the Curve = 0.601 (0.519-0.668), p = 0.035). CONCLUSION This large-scale proteomic study supports that higher DII reflects changes in the plasmatic abundance of inflammatory proteins. Larger studies are warranted to validate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Mattavelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", University of Milan, Milano, Italy
- SISA Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Piperni
- Department CIBIO, Trento University, Trento, Italy
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Laura Redaelli
- SISA Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Amir Nabinejad
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabrina Tamburini
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University, Venice, Italy
| | - Nicola Segata
- Department CIBIO, Trento University, Trento, Italy
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberico Luigi Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", University of Milan, Milano, Italy
- IRCCS MultiMedica Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Baragetti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", University of Milan, Milano, Italy.
- IRCCS MultiMedica Hospital, Milano, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Martinez CF, Ruggiero E, Di Castelnuovo A, Esposito S, Costanzo S, Cerletti C, Donati MB, de Gaetano G, Iacoviello L, Bonaccio M. Breakfast quality and its sociodemographic and psychosocial correlates among Italian children, adolescents, and adults from the Italian Nutrition & HEalth Survey (INHES) study. Nutr J 2024; 23:20. [PMID: 38369481 PMCID: PMC10875855 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-024-00924-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breakfast quality, together with regularity of breakfast, has been suggested to be associated with cardiometabolic health advantages. We aimed to evaluate the quality of breakfast and its socioeconomic and psychosocial correlates in a large sample of the Italian population. METHODS Cross-sectional analyses on 7,673 adult and 505 children/adolescent regular breakfast eaters from the Italian Nutrition & Health Survey (INHES; 2010-2013). Dietary data were collected through a single 24-h dietary recall. Breakfast quality was assessed through the Breakfast Quality Index (BQI) combining intake of ten food groups, energy, and nutrients of public health concern, and potentially ranging from 0 to 10. The association of sociodemographic and psychosocial factors with BQI were analyzed by multivariable-adjusted linear regression models. RESULTS The average BQI was 4.65 (SD ± 1.13) and 4.97 (SD ± 1.00) in adults and children/adolescents, respectively. Amongst adults, older age (β = 0.19; 95%CI 0.06 to 0.31 for > 65 vs. 20-40 years) and having a high educational level (β = 0.13; 0.03 to 0.23; for postsecondary vs. up to elementary) were independent predictors of better breakfast quality, while men reported lower BQI (β = -0.08; -0.14 to -0.02 vs. women). Perceived stress levels at home and work and financial stress were inversely associated with BQI. Children/adolescents living in Central and Southern Italian regions had lower BQI compared to residents in Northern Italy (β = -0.55; -0.91 to -0.19 and β = -0.24; -0.47 to -0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In adults, breakfast quality was associated with age, sex, and educational level. Perceived stress levels were inversely associated with the quality of breakfast. In children/adolescents, a north-south gradient in breakfast quality was observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Francisca Martinez
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Via Dell'Elettronica, Pozzilli, IS, 86077, Italy
| | - Emilia Ruggiero
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Via Dell'Elettronica, Pozzilli, IS, 86077, Italy
| | | | - Simona Esposito
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Via Dell'Elettronica, Pozzilli, IS, 86077, Italy
| | - Simona Costanzo
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Via Dell'Elettronica, Pozzilli, IS, 86077, Italy
| | - Chiara Cerletti
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Via Dell'Elettronica, Pozzilli, IS, 86077, Italy
| | - Maria Benedetta Donati
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Via Dell'Elettronica, Pozzilli, IS, 86077, Italy
| | - Giovanni de Gaetano
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Via Dell'Elettronica, Pozzilli, IS, 86077, Italy
| | - Licia Iacoviello
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Via Dell'Elettronica, Pozzilli, IS, 86077, Italy.
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University "Giuseppe Degennaro", Casamassima, BA, Italy.
| | - Marialaura Bonaccio
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Via Dell'Elettronica, Pozzilli, IS, 86077, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Capra ME, Biasucci G, Banderali G, Vania A, Pederiva C. Diet and Lipid-Lowering Nutraceuticals in Pediatric Patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:250. [PMID: 38397362 PMCID: PMC10887291 DOI: 10.3390/children11020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia is a genetically determined disease characterized by elevated plasma total and LDL cholesterol levels from the very first years of life, leading to early atherosclerosis. Nutritional intervention is the first-line treatment, complemented with nutraceuticals and drug therapy when necessary. Nutraceuticals with a lipid-lowering effect have been extensively studied in the past few decades, and have been recently included in international guidelines as a complement to nutritional and pharmacological treatment in subjects with dyslipidemia. In this review, we explore current nutritional interventions for dyslipidemia in childhood, with a specific focus on the main nutraceuticals studied for treating severe dyslipidemia in pediatric patients. Additionally, we briefly describe their primary mechanisms of action and highlight the advantages and risks associated with the use of lipid-lowering nutraceuticals in childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Capra
- Centre for Pediatric Dyslipidemias, Pediatrics and Neonatology Unit, University of Parma, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, 29121 Piacenza, Italy; (M.E.C.); (G.B.)
- Department of Translational Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Giacomo Biasucci
- Centre for Pediatric Dyslipidemias, Pediatrics and Neonatology Unit, University of Parma, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, 29121 Piacenza, Italy; (M.E.C.); (G.B.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Banderali
- Clinical Service for Dyslipidemias, Study and Prevention of Atherosclerosis in Childhood, Pediatrics Unit, ASST-Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142 Milan, Italy; (G.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Andrea Vania
- Independent Researcher, Member of SINUPE (Italian Society of Pediatric Nutrition) Directory Board, 00162 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Pederiva
- Clinical Service for Dyslipidemias, Study and Prevention of Atherosclerosis in Childhood, Pediatrics Unit, ASST-Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142 Milan, Italy; (G.B.); (C.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Papatesta EM, Kanellou A, Peppa E, Trichopoulou A. Is Dietary (Food) Supplement Intake Reported in European National Nutrition Surveys? Nutrients 2023; 15:5090. [PMID: 38140349 PMCID: PMC10871081 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary (food) supplements (DSs) have seen a sharp increase in use and popularity in recent years. Information on DS consumption is vital for national nutrition monitoring. The objective of this study was to investigate whether DS intake was reported in the National Nutrition Surveys (NNSs) in all European countries. NNSs reporting DS use were retrieved via literature review (i.e., PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus), scientific and organizational publications (EFSA), or open-published government and other official reports. Included were the European NNSs referring to adults, published in English, French, or German, post-2000. Out of the 53 European countries, 30 recorded DS intake. Among them, related findings on the percentage of DS intake were published in 21 cases, 5 of them written in the local language. DS use varied by nation, with Finland and Denmark having the greatest (over 50%) and Italy having the lowest percentage (5%). In terms of comprehensive reported data on DS consumption in Europe and the investigation of the contribution of DSs to total nutrient intake, there is a need for improvement. Common DS categories should be defined upon agreement among the involved scientific parties to allow for comparable data and estimations between surveys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Maria Papatesta
- Center for Public Health Research and Education, Academy of Athens, Alexandroupoleos 23, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.M.P.); (A.K.); (E.P.)
| | - Anastasia Kanellou
- Center for Public Health Research and Education, Academy of Athens, Alexandroupoleos 23, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.M.P.); (A.K.); (E.P.)
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of West Attica (UniWA), 28 Agiou Spyridonos Str., 12243 Egaleo-Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Peppa
- Center for Public Health Research and Education, Academy of Athens, Alexandroupoleos 23, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.M.P.); (A.K.); (E.P.)
| | - Antonia Trichopoulou
- Center for Public Health Research and Education, Academy of Athens, Alexandroupoleos 23, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.M.P.); (A.K.); (E.P.)
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., 11527 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Di Nucci A, Pilloni S, Scognamiglio U, Rossi L. Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and Food Neophobia Occurrence in Children: A Study Carried out in Italy. Nutrients 2023; 15:5078. [PMID: 38140336 PMCID: PMC10746015 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Food Neophobia (FN), defined as the reluctance to eat new or unfamiliar foods, mainly concerns fruit, vegetables, and legumes, typical of the Mediterranean Diet (MD). Considering these premises, this study aimed to clarify the relationship between FN and AMD in a sample of Italian children and their association with some socio-demographic factors and children's nutritional status. A sample of 288 children aged 3-11 years participated in an assessment carried out with a questionnaire evaluating FN and AMD, respectively, with the Child Food Neophobia Scale (CFNS) and the KIDMED test. Most of the sample showed an intermediate (67.3%) or high level of FN (18.1%), with high rates among 6-11-year-old children (63.9%) and especially in those who were the only child (50%). The AMD was mostly low (29.5%) or medium (54.8%) and reached lower levels among higher neophobic children (51.9%; p value < 0.05). The present results confirm the study hypothesis that FN is a driver of MD abandonment and shows the positive effects on children's eating habits and siblings. Finally, this study proves the relevance of adopting effective feeding strategies against FN to avoid its maintenance in adulthood and the detrimental effects on future overall health and well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Di Nucci
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Simone Pilloni
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, 00178 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (U.S.)
| | - Umberto Scognamiglio
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, 00178 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (U.S.)
| | - Laura Rossi
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, 00178 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (U.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Carta G, Murru E, Trinchese G, Cavaliere G, Manca C, Mollica MP, Banni S. Reducing Dietary Polyunsaturated to Saturated Fatty Acids Ratio Improves Lipid and Glucose Metabolism in Obese Zucker Rats. Nutrients 2023; 15:4761. [PMID: 38004155 PMCID: PMC10674282 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the influence of varying dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)/saturated fatty acids (SFA) ratios on insulin resistance (IR), fatty acid metabolism, N-acylethanolamine (NAE) bioactive metabolite levels, and mitochondrial function in lean and obese Zucker rats in a model designed to study obesity and IR from overnutrition. We provided diets with 7% fat (w/w), with either a low PUFA/SFA ratio of 0.48, predominantly comprising palmitic acid (PA), (diet-PA), or the standard AIN-93G diet with a high PUFA/SFA ratio of 3.66 (control, diet-C) over eight weeks. In obese rats on diet-PA versus diet-C, there were reductions in plasma triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose, insulin concentrations and improved muscle mitochondrial function, inflammatory markers and increased muscle N-oleoylethanolamine (OEA), a bioactive lipid that modulates lipid metabolism and metabolic flexibility. Elevated palmitic acid levels were found exclusively in obese rats, regardless of their diet, implying an endogenous production through de novo lipogenesis rather than from a dietary origin. In conclusion, a reduced dietary PUFA/SFA ratio positively influenced glucose and lipid metabolism without affecting long-term PA tissue concentrations. This likely occurs due to an increase in OEA biosynthesis, improving metabolic flexibility in obese rats. Our results hint at a pivotal role for balanced dietary PA in countering the effects of overnutrition-induced obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranca Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (E.M.); (C.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Elisabetta Murru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (E.M.); (C.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Giovanna Trinchese
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Gina Cavaliere
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Claudia Manca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (E.M.); (C.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Sebastiano Banni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (E.M.); (C.M.); (S.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Massimino E, Izzo A, Castaldo C, Amoroso AP, Rivellese AA, Capaldo B, Della Pepa G. Dietary micronutrient adequacies and adherence to the Mediterranean diet in a population of older adults with type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 57:337-345. [PMID: 37739677 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There are few data on micronutrient intake in older adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and their adherence to the Mediterranean diet, a dietary pattern rich in micronutrients. In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated the prevalence of adequacy in micronutrient intake according to the recommendations, and the adherence to the Mediterranean diet in older adults with T2D. METHODS One hundred thirty-eight patients (47 women and 91 men) with T2D aged over 65 years were included. Dietary habits were assessed by three 24-h dietary recalls. The micronutrient intake, expressed as mean daily intake, and adequacy were compared with the dietary recommendations proposed by the Italian Society of Human Nutrition (LARN) and the European Food Safety Agency (EFSA). Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was evaluated by the MEDI-quest score. RESULTS An extremely low proportion of participants (∼1%) adhered to the recommendations for potassium and vitamin D intake. A low proportion of participants adhered to the recommendations for calcium (∼23%), magnesium (∼16%), selenium (∼17%), vitamin E (∼14%), riboflavin (∼28%), vitamin B6 (∼29%), folate (∼25%), and niacin (∼27%) intake. More than 60% of the population adhered to the recommendations for iron, copper, vitamin A and B12 intake. Only 53% of the population showed high adherence to the Mediterranean diet. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that a very low proportion of older adults with T2D meet the recommendations for ten micronutrients (calcium, potassium, magnesium, selenium, vitamin D, vitamin E, riboflavin, vitamin B6, folate, and niacin) with an unsatisfactory adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Nutritional approaches aimed at favoring adherence to dietary recommendations and increasing the consumption of foods rich in micronutrients should be implemented in older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Massimino
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Izzo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Carmen Castaldo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Paola Amoroso
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Albarosa Rivellese
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Brunella Capaldo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Della Pepa
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council-CNR, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Al Hourani H, Alkhatib B, Al-Shami I, Olaimat AN, Al-Holy M, Al-Awwad NJ, Abughoush M, Saleh NA, AlHalaika D, Alboqai O, Al-Jawaldeh A. Energy and macronutrient intakes in Jordan: a population study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12736. [PMID: 37543630 PMCID: PMC10404255 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39900-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Jordan has never conducted a nutrition survey to determine nutrient and energy intakes. The current study aimed to describe the energy and macronutrient consumed by the Jordanian population. A cross-sectional food consumption study was conducted, including a sample of Jordanians using two non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls (24-h DR) between October 2021 and March 2022. A total of 2145 males and females aged 8 to 85 years old living in households were studied. The average of two 24-h DRs for each individual was converted into energy and nutrient intakes. After measuring weight, height, and waist circumference, the body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were calculated. The percentage of under-reporters was higher in women than men (58.2% vs. 45.9%). Adults and older adult women had the highest prevalence of obesity (29.6%), while adults and older adult men had the highest prevalence of overweight (41.4%). There is a significant increase in energy intake in children, boys, and all adults, compared to the recommended calories. The mean energy percentage (E %) of total fat was 38%, exceeding the upper limit of the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR). At the same time, the mean daily dietary fiber intake fell below the recommended levels (ranging from 13.5 g in children to 19.5 g in older adults). The study population consumes more fat and less fiber than the recommended levels. Actions must be taken across all age groups to correct the deviation of energy and macronutrient intakes from the recommended dietary allowances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huda Al Hourani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan.
| | - Buthaina Alkhatib
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Islam Al-Shami
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Amin N Olaimat
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Murad Al-Holy
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Narmeen Jamal Al-Awwad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Mahmoud Abughoush
- Science of Nutrition and Dietetics Program, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, 64141, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nada A Saleh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Dima AlHalaika
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Omar Alboqai
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Sciences, Jerash University, Jerash, Jordan
| | - Ayoub Al-Jawaldeh
- Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, World Health Organization, Cairo, 7608, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Walton J, Bell H, Re R, Nugent AP. Current perspectives on global sugar consumption: definitions, recommendations, population intakes, challenges and future direction. Nutr Res Rev 2023; 36:1-22. [PMID: 34369326 DOI: 10.1017/s095442242100024x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there is considerable emphasis on the relationship between dietary sugar consumption and various health outcomes, with some countries and regions implementing national sugar reduction campaigns. This has resulted in significant efforts to quantify dietary sugar intakes, to agree on terms to describe dietary sugars and to establish associated recommendations. However, this information is infrequently collated on a global basis and in a regularised manner. The present review provides context regarding sugar definitions and recommendations. It provides a global review of the available data regarding dietary sugar intake, considering forms such as total, free and added sugars. A comprehensive breakdown of intakes is provided by age group, country and sugar form. This analysis shows that free sugar intakes as a percentage of total energy (%E) are the highest for children and adolescents (12-14%E) and the lowest for older adults (8%E). This trend across lifecycle stages has also been observed for added sugars. The available data also suggest that, while some reductions in sugar intake are observed in a few individual studies, overall intakes of free/added sugars remain above recommendations. However, any wider conclusions are hampered by a lack of detailed high-quality data on sugar intake, especially in developing countries. Furthermore, there is a need for harmonisation of terms describing sugars (ideally driven by public health objectives) and for collaborative efforts to ensure that the most up-to-date food composition data are used to underpin recommendations and any estimates of intake or modelling scenarios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janette Walton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Cork, Republic of Ireland
| | | | | | - Anne P Nugent
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
- Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Polese B, Carabotti M, Rurgo S, Ritieni C, Sarnelli G, Barbara G, Pace F, Cuomo R, Annibale B. Patients with Diverticular Disease Have Different Dietary Habits Compared to Control Subjects: Results from an Observational Italian Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:2119. [PMID: 37432301 PMCID: PMC10180998 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of dietary habits as risk factor for the development of diverticular complications has strongly emerged in the last years. We aimed to evaluate possible differences in dietary habits between patients with diverticular disease (DD) and matched controls without diverticula. Dietary habits were obtained from standardized food frequency questionnaires collected at entry to the Diverticular Disease Registry (REMAD). We compared controls (C) (n = 119) with asymptomatic diverticulosis (D) (n = 344), symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease (SUDD) (n = 154) and previous diverticulitis (PD) (n = 83) patients, in terms of daily calories, macro and micronutrients and dietary vitamins. Daily kcal intake and lipids, both saturated and unsaturated, were significantly lower in patients with DD than C. Total protein consumption was lower in PD than D, with differing consumption of unprocessed red meat, white meat and eggs between groups. Consumption of fibre, both soluble and insoluble, was lower in patients with PD compared to patients with SUDD, D and C, whereas dietary vitamins A, C, D and E and Oxygen Radical Adsorbance Capacity index were lower in all DD groups compared to C. This observational study showed that DD patients have different dietary habits, mainly in terms of caloric, fat, fibre and vitamin intake, compared to control subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Polese
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (B.P.); (S.R.); (G.S.)
| | - Marilia Carabotti
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University, 00189 Rome, Italy; (C.R.); (B.A.)
| | - Sara Rurgo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (B.P.); (S.R.); (G.S.)
| | - Camilla Ritieni
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University, 00189 Rome, Italy; (C.R.); (B.A.)
| | - Giovanni Sarnelli
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (B.P.); (S.R.); (G.S.)
| | - Giovanni Barbara
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Fabio Pace
- Complex Operative Unit (UOC) of Gastroenterology, Bolognini Hospital, 24068 Seriate, Italy;
| | - Rosario Cuomo
- UOC of Gastroenterology, AORN Sant’Anna e San Sebastiano, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
| | - Bruno Annibale
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University, 00189 Rome, Italy; (C.R.); (B.A.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bonaccio M, Ruggiero E, Di Castelnuovo A, Martínez CF, Esposito S, Costanzo S, Cerletti C, Donati MB, de Gaetano G, Iacoviello L. Association between Late-Eating Pattern and Higher Consumption of Ultra-Processed Food among Italian Adults: Findings from the INHES Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061497. [PMID: 36986227 PMCID: PMC10058735 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Late eating is reportedly associated with adverse metabolic health, possibly through poor diet quality. We tested the hypothesis that meal timing could also be linked to food processing, an independent predictor of health outcomes. We analysed data on 8688 Italians (aged > 19years) from the Italian Nutrition & HEalth Survey (INHES) established in 2010-2013 throughout Italy. Dietary data were collected through a single 24 h dietary recall, and the NOVA classification was used to categorize foods according to increasing levels of processing: (1) minimally processed foods (e.g., fruits); (2) culinary ingredients (e.g., butter); (3) processed foods (e.g., canned fish); (4) ultra-processed foods (UPFs; e.g., carbonated drinks, processed meat). We then calculated the proportion (%) of each NOVA group on the total weight of food eaten (g/d) by creating a weight ratio. Subjects were classified as early or late eaters based on the population's median timing for breakfast, lunch and dinner. In multivariable-adjusted regression models, late eaters reported a lower intake of minimally processed food (β = -1.23; 95% CI -1.75 to -0.71), a higher intake of UPF (β = 0.93; 0.60 to 1.25) and reduced adherence to a Mediterranean Diet (β = -0.07; -0.12 to -0.03) as compared to early eaters. Future studies are warranted to examine whether increased UPF consumption may underpin the associations of late eating with adverse metabolic health reported in prior cohorts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marialaura Bonaccio
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Emilia Ruggiero
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | | | | | - Simona Esposito
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Simona Costanzo
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Chiara Cerletti
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni de Gaetano
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Licia Iacoviello
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Galeazzi T, Quattrini S, Pjetraj D, Gatti S, Monachesi C, Franceschini E, Marinelli L, Catassi GN, Lionetti E, Catassi C. Vitamin D status in healthy Italian school-age children: a single-center cross-sectional study. Ital J Pediatr 2023; 49:27. [PMID: 36814347 PMCID: PMC9945672 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-023-01422-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D is involved in calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism, although its extra-skeletal actions are also well-known. Low serum 25(OH)D levels are common both in adults and children worldwide. METHODS The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine the distribution of 25(OH)D levels in a cohort of healthy Italian school-age children, aged 5-10 years, in relationship to determinants of vitamin D deficiency such as season, BMI, gender, age and ethnicity. RESULTS The mean serum 25(OH) D level was 28.2 ng/mL; the prevalence of 25(OH)D sufficiency (> 30 ng/mL), insufficiency (20-30 ng/mL), deficiency (10-20 ng/mL) and severe deficiency (< 10 ng/mL) was 36%, 37%, 21% and 6% of the study-group population, respectively. The lower serum 25(OH)D values were observed during winter (21.6 ng/mL) and spring (22.9 ng/mL), as compared to summer (46.7 ng/mL) (p < 0.001). Higher BMI z-scores were associated with lower 25(OH)D level while no statistical difference was observed as related to gender and age groups. CONCLUSIONS Healthy Italian schoolchildren show low 25(OH)D levels, particularly during winter and spring time. Seasonality, ethnicity and overweight/obesity were confirmed to influence the vitamin D status, thus indicating the need for effective initiatives to support adequate vitamin D status in this population group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Galeazzi
- Department of Pediatrics, Marche Polytechnic University, 60123, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Sara Quattrini
- Department of Pediatrics, Marche Polytechnic University, 60123, Ancona, Italy
| | - Dorina Pjetraj
- Department of Pediatrics, Marche Polytechnic University, 60123, Ancona, Italy
| | - Simona Gatti
- Department of Pediatrics, Marche Polytechnic University, 60123, Ancona, Italy
| | - Chiara Monachesi
- Department of Pediatrics, Marche Polytechnic University, 60123, Ancona, Italy
| | - Elisa Franceschini
- Department of Pediatrics, Marche Polytechnic University, 60123, Ancona, Italy
| | - Luisita Marinelli
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria delle Marche, 60123, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giulia N Catassi
- Department of Pediatrics, University La Sapienza, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Lionetti
- Department of Pediatrics, Marche Polytechnic University, 60123, Ancona, Italy
| | - Carlo Catassi
- Department of Pediatrics, Marche Polytechnic University, 60123, Ancona, Italy
- Center for Celiac Research, Mass General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Piro MC, Muylle H, Haesaert G. Exploiting Rye in Wheat Quality Breeding: The Case of Arabinoxylan Content. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:737. [PMID: 36840085 PMCID: PMC9965444 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Rye (Secale cereale subsp. cereale L.) has long been exploited as a valuable alternative genetic resource in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding. Indeed, the introgression of rye genetic material led to significant breakthroughs in the improvement of disease and pest resistance of wheat, as well as a few agronomic traits. While such traits remain a high priority in cereal breeding, nutritional aspects of grain crops are coming under the spotlight as consumers become more conscious about their dietary choices and the food industry strives to offer food options that meet their demands. To address this new challenge, wheat breeding can once again turn to rye to look for additional genetic variation. A nutritional aspect that can potentially greatly benefit from the introgression of rye genetic material is the dietary fibre content of flour. In fact, rye is richer in dietary fibre than wheat, especially in terms of arabinoxylan content. Arabinoxylan is a major dietary fibre component in wheat and rye endosperm flours, and it is associated with a variety of health benefits, including normalisation of glycaemic levels and promotion of the gut microbiota. Thus, it is a valuable addition to the human diet, and it can represent a novel target for wheat-rye introgression breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Piro
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Caritasstraat 39, 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - Hilde Muylle
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Caritasstraat 39, 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rossi L, Ferrari M, Ghiselli A. The Alignment of Recommendations of Dietary Guidelines with Sustainability Aspects: Lessons Learned from Italy's Example and Proposals for Future Development. Nutrients 2023; 15:542. [PMID: 36771249 PMCID: PMC9921064 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this paper is to describe the process of the inclusion of sustainability in the Italian Dietary Guidelines (IDGs). In the IDGs' sustainability chapter, particular emphasis was put on the selection of foods, recommending a plant-based diet with a large quota of vegetable proteins. Advice was also given on the selection of local seasonal products, with low growth input, such as fertilizers, artificial light and heating. Reduction of animal food was recommended, to be substituted with lower impact foods (poultry, milk, eggs and Mediterranean fish including aquaculture). Food waste was largely addressed. Recommendations were made for food purchase planning, food storage and the reuse of leftovers as strategies to reduce waste and save money. The IDGs sustainability recommendations were related to the 16 guiding principles of a sustainable healthy diet and their contribution to the achievement of the Sustainable Developing Goals was provided. The inclusion of sustainability in dietary guidelines requires a multidisciplinary approach to cover the wide range of aspects of a sustainable diet. In the IDGs, it was possible to show that practical recommendations for improving sustainability behavior can be passed on to consumers. Methodological aspects for developing recommendations are not definitive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rossi
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Food and Nutrition (CREA–Food and Nutrition), Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Marika Ferrari
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Food and Nutrition (CREA–Food and Nutrition), Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Ghiselli
- Italian Society of Food Science and Nutrition, Via Bu Meliana, 00195 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Di Nucci A, Scognamiglio U, Grant F, Rossi L. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on food habits and neophobia in children in the framework of the family context and parents' behaviors: A study in an Italian central region. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1070388. [PMID: 36570161 PMCID: PMC9772991 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1070388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This paper aims to evaluate whether changes in lifestyle and eating habits resulting from the Covid-19 emergency have influenced the post-pandemic level of food neophobia and in children living in an Italian central region. Methods A sample of 99 children took part in a retrospective assessment carried out with a self-administrated questionnaire. Pre and post-pandemic evaluation of eating habits, physical activity, and lifestyle indicators was carried out. Food neophobia was evaluated following the Child Food Neophobia Scale (CFNS). Descriptive statistics were produced. A contingency analysis was performed to check associations between variables. Results For a large part of the sample (97%) the selective food refusal did not change during the pandemic period. About 70% of participants did not change their eating habits, with some subgroups reporting an increase in the consumption of fruits (22.2%), vegetables (19.2%), and legumes (21.2%). Relevantly the impact of the pandemic on the sedentary attitude passed from 25.3 to 70.7%. Neophobia was not associated with ponderal status (p-value 0.5). However, in normal-weight children, a high prevalence of intermediate-level neophobia (78.4%) was found. 39.4% of the studied children were involved in meal preparation during social isolation, with an increase in the proportion of children that shared all meals with their family (32.3% vs. 78.8%). Non-coercive parent behaviors in reaction to food refusal were associated with low levels of neophobia (p-value < 0.05). Discussion In this sample, for the effect of parents' attitudes, the pandemic positively affected children's food habits and, consequently, the level of neophobia after the social restrictions. The main implication of the study is the importance of capitalizing on the period of restrictions in order to involve children in meal sharing and food preparation.
Collapse
|
23
|
Romero-Gómez M, Aller R, Martín-Bermudo F. Dietary Recommendations for the Management of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): A Nutritional Geometry Perspective. Semin Liver Dis 2022; 42:434-445. [PMID: 36307105 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Diet could be both culprit and solution of NAFLD. Dietary modifications have been associated with histological features improvement in NAFLD. The Western diet was related to a greater risk of disease progression while the Mediterranean diet (MD) could promote regression of histological lesions. Modifications in the nutrient composition seems to have lesser impact on NAFLD than dietary modifications. An intrinsic interaction between nutrients in the diet support a specific effect not seen when added separately. Dietary modifications should focus on promoting weight loss but also look for patterns that are able to promote histological improvement. Although several micronutrients' deficit has been related to NAFLD progression, prescribing these micronutrients' supplementation did not reach a positive impact. However, an enriching diet with specific nutrients could be useful, like olive oil supplemented in MD. Geometry of nutrition defines a framework to better understand the interaction between nutrients, foods, and dietetic pattern in the model of diseases and how we could approach taking into consideration the interaction between meals and disease features. After analyzing baseline diet and histological lesions, we could calculate the distance to optimal diet and to promote changes in lifestyle to reach all these goals. A standard MD menu would be recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Romero-Gómez
- Digestive Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, SeLiver Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla (HUVR/CSIC/US), University of Seville, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Aller
- Gastroenterology Department, Centro de Investigación de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Centro de Investigación Biomédoca en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINF), Facultad de Medicina, University of Valladolid, Hospital Clínico de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Franz Martín-Bermudo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Sevilla, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Rosi A, Biasini B, Monica E, Rapetti V, Deon V, Scazzina F. Nutritional Composition and Environmental Impact of Meals Selected in Workplace Canteens before and after an Intervention Promoting the Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214456. [PMID: 36364719 PMCID: PMC9656980 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancing healthy and sustainable food systems is one of the key goals of the current European Commission policy. In this light, the creation of a food environment where people are properly informed about the healthiness and sustainability of food choices is essential. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional profile and the environmental impact of meals consumed in a workplace canteen in Italy in the presence of a nudge (i.e., the Double Pyramid logo) combined with a web-based application promoting the Mediterranean Diet. Energy and nutrient contents and the carbon, water, and ecological footprints of 29,776 meals were compared across three subsequent periods (from June to April) through one-way ANOVA. Although the choice of dishes labelled with the Double Pyramid logo was comparable across periods, the selection of fish- and plant-based dishes increased from +2% (fish, vegetables) up to +17% (whole-grain cereals), with a concurrent reduction of meat-based options (−2%). Although the consumption of healthy items increased (p < 0.001), they were not added as a replacement for alternative options, leading to a higher content in energy (p < 0.001) and nutrients (p < 0.001) and worse environmental footprints, contrarily to what was observed when data were adjusted for energy. The intervention significantly improved food choices; however, as the higher selection of desired dishes was not adequately compensated for, it was not fully effective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Rosi
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0521-903913
| | - Beatrice Biasini
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Elisa Monica
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Valeria Rapetti
- Global Nutrition & Wellbeing Unit, Research, Development & Quality Group, Barilla G. e R. Fratelli, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Valeria Deon
- Global Nutrition & Wellbeing Unit, Research, Development & Quality Group, Barilla G. e R. Fratelli, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Scazzina
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Rekha K, Venkidasamy B, Samynathan R, Nagella P, Rebezov M, Khayrullin M, Ponomarev E, Bouyahya A, Sarkar T, Shariati MA, Thiruvengadam M, Simal-Gandara J. Short-chain fatty acid: An updated review on signaling, metabolism, and therapeutic effects. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:2461-2489. [PMID: 36154353 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2124231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids are good energy sources (9 kcal per gram) that aerobic tissues can use except for the brain (glucose is an alternative source). Apart from the energy source, fatty acids are necessary for cell signaling, learning-related memory, modulating gene expression, and functioning as cytokine precursors. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are saturated fatty acids arranged as a straight chain consisting minimum of 6 carbon atoms. SCFAs possess various beneficial effects like improving metabolic function, inhibiting insulin resistance, and ameliorating immune dysfunction. In this review, we discussed the biogenesis, absorption, and transport of SCFA. SCFAs can act as signaling molecules by stimulating G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and suppressing histone deacetylases (HDACs). The role of SCFA on glucose metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and its effect on the immune system is also reviewed with updated details. SCFA possess anticancer, anti-diabetic, and hepatoprotective effects. Additionally, the association of protective effects of SCFA against brain-related diseases, kidney diseases, cardiovascular damage, and inflammatory bowel diseases were also reviewed. Nanotherapy is a branch of nanotechnology that employs nanoparticles at the nanoscale level to treat various ailments with enhanced drug stability, solubility, and minimal side effects. The SCFA functions as drug carriers, and nanoparticles were also discussed. Still, much research was not focused on this area. SCFA functions in host gene expression through inhibition of HDAC inhibition. However, the study has to be focused on the molecular mechanism of SCFA against various diseases that still need to be investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaliaperumal Rekha
- Department of Environmental and Herbal Science, Tamil University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Baskar Venkidasamy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Praveen Nagella
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Maksim Rebezov
- Department of Scientific Research, V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Scientific Research, Russian State Agrarian University-Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Scientific Research, K. G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies and management (The First Cossack University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Mars Khayrullin
- Department of Scientific Research, K. G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies and management (The First Cossack University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny Ponomarev
- Department of Scientific Research, K. G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies and management (The First Cossack University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Tanmay Sarkar
- Department of Food Processing Technology, Malda Polytechnic, West Bengal State Council of Technical Education, Government of West Bengal, Malda, West Bengal, India
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- Department of Scientific Research, Russian State Agrarian University-Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Scientific Research, K. G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies and management (The First Cossack University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Analytical Chemistry and Food Science Department, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Ourense, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Benvenuti L, De Santis A, Ferrari M, Martone D, Rossi L. The carbon footprint of Italian schools meals: An optimal choice of dishes in vegan, vegetarian, and omnivorous menus. Front Nutr 2022; 9:854049. [PMID: 36118761 PMCID: PMC9470960 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.854049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to assess the carbon footprint associated with vegan, vegetarian, and omnivorous menus for primary school lunches in Italy. For this purpose, healthy and acceptable menus with minimal greenhouse gas emissions have been designed by a binary linear programming model. The results show that the adoption of a specific diet may help in reducing the carbon footprint of menus, but it is the optimal selection of dishes that ultimately makes the difference. Interestingly enough, the optimal choice of dishes and the restriction of meat consumption in omnivorous menus can lead up to a 40% emission reduction compared to the current school lunch menu of the municipality of Rome. Moreover, the optimal choice of dishes in vegan menus provides the menu with the lowest carbon footprint among all kinds of diets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Benvenuti
- Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto De Santis
- Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marika Ferrari
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Deborah Martone
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Rossi
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Rossi L, Martone D, Piccinelli R, Buonocore P, Ghiselli A. Considerations for the translation of nutrient recommendations as dietary plans for infants, children, and adolescents as reported in Italian Guidelines for healthy eating. Front Nutr 2022; 9:935963. [PMID: 36091229 PMCID: PMC9452650 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.935963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy eating in childhood and adolescence is important for proper growth and development and to establish a healthy foundation for future dietary habits. This paper aims to describe the elaboration of dietary plans for pediatric ages highlighting critical points related to the application of the Italian nutrient recommendations. National databases on food composition data were used to compile the dietary plans. Starting from the definition of serving size for adults, the suggested portion size for pediatric ages was shaped to produce appropriate dietary plans according to the different classes of age. Items from “cereals and derivatives,” “milk,” “fruit,” “vegetables,” “olive oil,” and “water” groups were included daily. Pizza was included once a week. Sweets and snacks were gradually introduced, once a week in infants and up to five times a week in adolescents. Legumes were provided three times a week, as a source of vegetable and sustainable proteins. The main critical aspect of the dietary plans was related to the monotony, especially for snacks and breakfasts. This work demonstrated the limits of the translation of Italian nutrient recommendations into dietary plans for pediatric age groups. Keeping the protein intake in the recommended range of 8–12% of daily energy resulted in inadequate provision of calcium and iron. Other critical points were the reference values for body weight and physical activity. The proposed dietary plans are adequate with regard to food composition, the intake of energy and several nutrients, and in terms of food selection. However, their implementations require action, information, and advocacy.
Collapse
|
28
|
Dokova KG, Pancheva RZ, Usheva NV, Haralanova GA, Nikolova SP, Kostadinova TI, Egea Rodrigues C, Singh J, Illner AK, Aleksandrova K. Nutrition Transition in Europe: East-West Dimensions in the Last 30 Years—A Narrative Review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:919112. [PMID: 35873435 PMCID: PMC9301044 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.919112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The current review aims to summarize published research on nutrition transition patterns (depicting changes in dietary consumption) in European populations over the last three decades (1990–2020), with a focus on East-West regional comparisons. Pubmed and Google-Scholar databases were searched for articles providing information on repeated dietary intakes in populations living in countries across Europe, published between January 1990 and July 2021. From the identified 18,031 articles, 62 were found eligible for review (17 from Eastern and 45 from Western European populations). Overall, both in Eastern and Western Europe, there have been pronounced changes in dietary consumption patterns over the last three decades characterized by reductions in average reported intakes of sugar, carbohydrates and saturated fats and increases in reported fruit and vegetable consumption. There has also been a tendency toward a reduction in traditional foods, such as fish, observed in some Mediterranean countries. Overall, these data suggests that European countries have undergone a nutrition transition toward adopting healthier dietary behaviors. These processes occurred already in the period 1990–2000 in many Western European, and in the last decades have been also spreading throughout Eastern European countries. Firm conclusions are hampered by the lack of standardized methodologies depicting changes in dietary intakes over time and the limited coverage of the full variety of European populations. Future studies based on standardized dietary assessment methods and representative for the whole range of populations across Europe are warranted to allow monitoring trends in nutrition transition within and among European countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klara G. Dokova
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Care Organization, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University Prof. Dr P. Stoyanov, Varna, Bulgaria
- *Correspondence: Krasimira Aleksandrova
| | - Rouzha Z. Pancheva
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University Prof. Dr P. Stoyanov, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Natalya V. Usheva
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Care Organization, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University Prof. Dr P. Stoyanov, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Galina A. Haralanova
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Care Organization, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University Prof. Dr P. Stoyanov, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Silviya P. Nikolova
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Care Organization, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University Prof. Dr P. Stoyanov, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Todorka I. Kostadinova
- Department of Economics and Health Care Management, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University Prof. Dr P. Stoyanov, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Caue Egea Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jessica Singh
- Cancer Research and Clinical Trials, Ballarat Health Services, Ballarat, VIC, Australia
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Krasimira Aleksandrova
- Department Epidemiological Methods and Etiological Research, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology -BIPS, Bremen, Germany
- Faculty of Human and Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Klara G. Dokova
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lisso F, Massari M, Gentilucci M, Novielli C, Corti S, Nelva Stellio L, Milazzo R, Troiano E, Schaefer E, Cetin I, Mandò C. Longitudinal Nutritional Intakes in Italian Pregnant Women in Comparison with National Nutritional Guidelines. Nutrients 2022; 14:1944. [PMID: 35565911 PMCID: PMC9101748 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutritional quality during pregnancy is crucial for mother and child health and their short/long-term outcomes. The aim of this study is to evaluate the adherence to nutritional recommendations in Italy during the three pregnancy trimesters in Normal Weight (NW) and Over Weight (OW) women. METHODS Data from a multicenter randomized controlled trial included 176 women (NW = 133; OW = 43) with healthy singleton pregnancies enrolled within 13 + 6 weeks of gestation. Dietary intake was assessed every trimester by a Food Frequency Questionnaire. RESULTS OW and NW had similar gestational weight gain. However, as Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommend lower gestational weight gain (GWG) for OW, they exceeded the suggested range. In both groups, caloric intake during the three trimesters never met recommendations. Protein intake in first and second trimester was higher than recommendations, as was sugars percentage. Dietary fiber intake was lower in OW. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, calcium, iron and folic acid requirements were never satisfied, while sodium intake exceeded recommendations. CONCLUSIONS NW and OW women in Italy do not adhere to nutritional recommendations during pregnancy, with lower caloric intake, protein and sugars excess and inadequacies in micronutrients intake. Pregnant women in Italy should be provided with an adequate counseling and educational intervention as well as supplementation when indicated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizia Lisso
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (F.L.); (C.N.); (I.C.)
| | - Maddalena Massari
- Department of Woman, Mother and Neonate, “V. Buzzi” Children Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (S.C.); (L.N.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Micaela Gentilucci
- Department of Woman, Mother and Neonate, “L. Sacco” Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20157 Milan, Italy;
| | - Chiara Novielli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (F.L.); (C.N.); (I.C.)
| | - Silvia Corti
- Department of Woman, Mother and Neonate, “V. Buzzi” Children Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (S.C.); (L.N.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Leonardo Nelva Stellio
- Department of Woman, Mother and Neonate, “V. Buzzi” Children Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (S.C.); (L.N.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Roberta Milazzo
- Department of Woman, Mother and Neonate, “V. Buzzi” Children Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (S.C.); (L.N.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Ersilia Troiano
- Nutrition and Dietetics Technical Scientific Association-ASAND, 90144 Palermo, Italy;
| | | | - Irene Cetin
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (F.L.); (C.N.); (I.C.)
- Department of Woman, Mother and Neonate, “V. Buzzi” Children Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (S.C.); (L.N.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Chiara Mandò
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (F.L.); (C.N.); (I.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Inhibition of palmitic acid induced adipogenesis by natural polyphenols in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2022; 58:396-407. [PMID: 35678984 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-022-00689-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Dietary free fatty acids induce preadipocyte differentiation in the presence of a hormonal cocktail in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Plant polyphenols are curb adipocyte differentiation and protect from metabolic stress. In the present study, we examined the effects of the saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid (PA) in presence of flavonoids, chrysin (CR) and hesperidin (HD) and phenolic acid, syringic acid (SYA) and sinapic acid (SIA). Adipocytes were incubated for 10 d with 100 μmol of PA along with 10-100 µmol CR/HD and 100-1000 µmol SYA/SIA. PA induced clonal expansion of preadipocytes, differentiation and oxidative stress in 3T3-L1 cells following 10 d of differentiation. Adipocytes treated with PA exhibited an increase of 300% in clonal population, 110% lipid and 172% reactive oxygen species accumulation. But treatment with CR, HD, SYA and SIA in the presence of PA concentration-dependent effect was observed. Concentrations of CR/HD and SYA/SIA inhibited PA-induced mRNA expression of PPARγ, C/EBPα, SREBP-1c, FAS and NOX4. Moreover, CR, HD, SYA and SIA did not exhibit toxicity in Drosophila DNA. In summary, these results suggest that dietary fatty acids act directly on adipocytes and addition of CR, HD, SYA and SIA resulted in reduction of PA-induced negative effects on 3T3-L1 adipocytes. HIGHLIGHTS: • Palmitic acid, the common dietary free fatty acid, is known to induce adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. • Treatment of differentiating adipocytes with flavonoids and phenolic acids reduced palmitic acid-induced clonal expansion of preadipocytes. • Phytocompounds reduced lipid accumulation and triglyceride production as well as ROS accumulation. • Thus, the phytocompounds showed effective anti-adipogenic activity even in palmitic acid challenged environment in adipocytes.
Collapse
|
31
|
Rossi L, Berni Canani S, Censi L, Gennaro L, Leclercq C, Scognamiglio U, Sette S, Ghiselli A. The 2018 Revision of Italian Dietary Guidelines: Development Process, Novelties, Main Recommendations, and Policy Implications. Front Nutr 2022; 9:861526. [PMID: 35399680 PMCID: PMC8990302 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.861526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The fourth edition of the Italian Dietary Guidelines (IDGs) for Healthy Eating was published in 2019. The objective of this paper is to describe the developmental process of IDGs, the main recommendations, the differences with previous revisions, and the concordance and differences with international guidance on a healthy diet. A National Commission oversaw IDG development. A Scientific Dossier (SD), including analysis on nutrition, health, and risk factors status in Italy, was the reference for IDGs preparation. The IDGs are based on the principles of the Mediterranean Diet and are mainly aimed to prevent obesity and nutrition-related non-communicable diseases. The IDGs included 13 directives that were divided into four conceptual blocks: i) how to balance weight; ii) foods to be promoted; iii) foods to be limited; and iv) how to ensure a varied and sustainable diet. Each directive has a box summarizing the key recommendation, myths lists, and false beliefs to be dispelled. The topics of sustainability and the correct approach to food supplementation and weight-loss diet were introduced in the present edition of IDGs. This paper contributes to the debate on the complexity of derivation of Dietary Guidelines and their adaptation to the national context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rossi
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Center for Food and Nutrition (CREA - Food and Nutrition), Rome, Italy
| | - Sibilla Berni Canani
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Center for Food and Nutrition (CREA - Food and Nutrition), Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Censi
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Center for Food and Nutrition (CREA - Food and Nutrition), Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Gennaro
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Center for Food and Nutrition (CREA - Food and Nutrition), Rome, Italy
| | - Catherine Leclercq
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Center for Food and Nutrition (CREA - Food and Nutrition), Rome, Italy
| | - Umberto Scognamiglio
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Center for Food and Nutrition (CREA - Food and Nutrition), Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Sette
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Center for Food and Nutrition (CREA - Food and Nutrition), Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Ghiselli
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Center for Food and Nutrition (CREA - Food and Nutrition), Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Murru E, Manca C, Carta G, Banni S. Impact of Dietary Palmitic Acid on Lipid Metabolism. Front Nutr 2022; 9:861664. [PMID: 35399673 PMCID: PMC8983927 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.861664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Palmitic acid (PA) is ubiquitously present in dietary fat guaranteeing an average intake of about 20 g/d. The relative high requirement and relative content in the human body, which accounts for 20–30% of total fatty acids (FAs), is justified by its relevant nutritional role. In particular physiological conditions, such as in the fetal stage or in the developing brain, the respectively inefficient placental and brain blood–barrier transfer of PA strongly induces its endogenous biosynthesis from glucose via de novo lipogenesis (DNL) to secure a tight homeostatic control of PA tissue concentration required to exert its multiple physiological activities. However, pathophysiological conditions (insulin resistance) are characterized by a sustained DNL in the liver and aimed at preventing the excess accumulation of glucose, which result in increased tissue content of PA and disrupted homeostatic control of its tissue concentration. This leads to an overaccumulation of tissue PA, which results in dyslipidemia, increased ectopic fat accumulation, and inflammatory tone via toll-like receptor 4. Any change in dietary saturated FAs (SFAs) usually reflects a complementary change in polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) intake. Since PUFA particularly n-3 highly PUFA, suppress lipogenic gene expression, their reduction in intake rather than excess of dietary SFA may promote endogenous PA production via DNL. Thereby, the increase in tissue PA and its deleterious consequences from dysregulated DNL can be mistakenly attributed to dietary intake of PA.
Collapse
|
33
|
Cormick G, Gibbons L, Belizán JM. Impact of water fortification with calcium on calcium intake in different countries: a simulation study. Public Health Nutr 2022; 25:344-357. [PMID: 32744224 PMCID: PMC8883601 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020002232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To simulate the impact - effectiveness and safety - of water fortification with different concentrations of Ca using the Intake Modelling, Assessment and Planning Program. DESIGN This is a secondary analysis of national or sub-national dietary intake databases. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Uganda, Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR), Bangladesh, Zambia, Argentina, USA and Italy. RESULTS We found that for dietary databases assessed from low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), the strategy of fortifying water with 500 mg of Ca/l would decrease the prevalence of low Ca intake in all age groups. We also found that this strategy would be safe as no group would present a percentage of individuals exceeding the upper limit in >2 %, except women aged 19-31 years in Lao PDR, where 6·6 % of women in this group would exceed the upper limit of Ca intake. The same strategy would lead to some groups exceeding the upper limit in USA and Italy. CONCLUSIONS We found that for most LMIC countries, water fortified with Ca could decrease the prevalence of Ca intake inadequacy without exceeding the upper levels of Ca intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Cormick
- Department of Mother and Child Health Research, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy (IECS-CONICET), Buenos Aires1414, Argentina
- Departamento de Salud, Universidad Nacional de La Matanza, San Justo1754, Argentina
| | - Luz Gibbons
- Department of Mother and Child Health Research, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy (IECS-CONICET), Buenos Aires1414, Argentina
| | - Jose M Belizán
- Department of Mother and Child Health Research, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy (IECS-CONICET), Buenos Aires1414, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Nutraceuticals in Paediatric Patients with Dyslipidaemia. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030569. [PMID: 35276928 PMCID: PMC8840379 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the main cause of death and morbidity in the world. Childhood is a critical period during which atherosclerosis may begin to develop; in the presence of familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH), the lifelong elevation of LDL cholesterol levels greatly accelerates atherosclerosis. Lowering LDL-C levels is associated with a well-documented reduction in cardiovascular disease risk. Current guidelines support the dietary and lifestyle approach as the primary strategy of intervention in children and adolescents with FH. Nutraceuticals (functional foods or dietary supplements of plant or microbial origin) are included in the EU guidelines as lifestyle interventions and may provide an additional contribution in reducing LDL levels when pharmacological therapy is not yet indicated. Meta-analyses of randomised clinical trials have demonstrated that the same nutraceuticals improve lipid profile, including lowering LDL-C, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels. In this narrative review, starting from current scientific evidence, we analyse the benefits and limitations of the nutraceuticals in children and adolescents with dyslipidaemia, and we try to evaluate their use and safety in clinical practice.
Collapse
|
35
|
Adherence to Dietary Recommendations of 7-Year-Old Children from a Birth Cohort in Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italy. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030515. [PMID: 35276874 PMCID: PMC8838727 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Few Italian and European studies have assessed adherence to dietary recommendations in primary school children using dietary records. No Italian studies have provided an index-based nutritional adequacy assessment. We provided a comprehensive overview of dietary intake in 381 7-year-old children from NAC-II cohort study, Friuli Venezia Giulia (Italy). Energy, macro-, and micronutrient intakes were derived from 3-day dietary records. Standard (median and percentage) and index-based (Nutrient Adequacy Ratio (NAR) and Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR)) approaches were used to evaluate adequacy to Italian dietary reference values at nutrient- and overall-diet-level. Percentage contribution of macronutrients to energy intake (%En) was unbalanced towards total fats and protein. In 25% of children, total fats intake exceeded the reference intake upper limit. In ~63% of children, protein intake was at least doubled in their child-specific population reference intake. Median intakes of sodium (1.7 g/day), saturated fatty acids (12.2 %En), and soluble carbohydrates (19.4 %En) exceeded the suggested dietary target in most (65–84%) children. Inadequacy was also observed for micronutrients, with median NARs ranging from 0.11 (vitamin D) to 0.90 (zinc). The median MAR was 0.75 (0.69–0.79), with 1 indicating optimal overall dietary intake. In conclusion, the enrolled children showed suboptimal intakes of several macro- and micronutrients, in line with Italian and European studies on primary school children. Based on the current findings, public health interventions may be targeted to specific nutrients or subpopulations.
Collapse
|
36
|
Labriola F, Marcato C, Zarbo C, Betti L, Catelli A, Valerii MC, Spisni E, Alvisi P. Dietary Habits of a Group of Children with Crohn’s Disease Compared to Healthy Subjects: Assessment of Risk of Nutritional Deficiencies through a Bromatological Analysis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030499. [PMID: 35276858 PMCID: PMC8839990 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet is a matter of interest in the pathogenesis and management of Crohn’s Disease (CD). Little is known about CD children’s dietary habits. Our aim was assessing the quality and the amount of nutrient intake in a group of CD pediatric patients. Data were compared with those of healthy subjects (HS). In total, 20 patients (13 males) and 48 HS (24 males) aged 4–18 years were provided with a food diary to fill out for one week. Winfood software performed the bromatological analysis, providing data about intakes of proteins and amino acids, fatty acids, carbohydrates, cholesterol, fibers, minerals, vitamins, and polyphenols. Estimates of the antioxidant activity of foods and of the dietetic protein load were also calculated. The diet of CD patients was poorer in fibers, polyphenols, vitamin A, beta-carotene, and fatty acids, and richer in animal proteins, vitamin B12, and niacin. PRAL was higher in CD patients’ diets, while ORAC was higher in HS. No significant differences were observed in carbohydrate and other macro- and micronutrient consumptions. CD dietary habits seem to reflect the so-called Western diet, possibly involved in CD pathogenesis. Furthermore, analysis of dietary habits allows for prevention of nutritional deficiencies and timely correction through education and supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Labriola
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Maggiore Hospital, Largo Bartolo Nigrisoli, 2, 40133 Bologna, Italy; (C.M.); (C.Z.); (P.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Caterina Marcato
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Maggiore Hospital, Largo Bartolo Nigrisoli, 2, 40133 Bologna, Italy; (C.M.); (C.Z.); (P.A.)
| | - Chiara Zarbo
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Maggiore Hospital, Largo Bartolo Nigrisoli, 2, 40133 Bologna, Italy; (C.M.); (C.Z.); (P.A.)
| | - Ludovica Betti
- Specialty School of Pediatrics—Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (L.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Arianna Catelli
- Specialty School of Pediatrics—Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (L.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Maria Chiara Valerii
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.C.V.); (E.S.)
| | - Enzo Spisni
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.C.V.); (E.S.)
| | - Patrizia Alvisi
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Maggiore Hospital, Largo Bartolo Nigrisoli, 2, 40133 Bologna, Italy; (C.M.); (C.Z.); (P.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Cairoli E, Aresta C, Giovanelli L, Eller-Vainicher C, Migliaccio S, Giannini S, Giusti A, Marcocci C, Gonnelli S, Isaia GC, Rossini M, Chiodini I, Di Stefano M. Dietary calcium intake in a cohort of individuals evaluated for low bone mineral density: a multicenter Italian study. Aging Clin Exp Res 2021; 33:3223-3235. [PMID: 33909280 PMCID: PMC8668846 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-021-01856-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background A low calcium intake is a well-known factor that influences the bone mineral density (BMD) maintenance. In the presence of inadequate calcium intake, secondary hyperparathyroidism develops, leading to an increased bone turnover and fracture risk. Aims To assess the dietary calcium intake in relation with osteoporosis and fragility fracture in a cohort of Italian individuals evaluated for low BMD. Methods A 7-day food-frequency questionnaire was administered to 1793 individuals, who were consecutively referred at the Centers of the Italian Society for Osteoporosis, Mineral Metabolism and Skeletal Diseases (SIOMMMS) for low BMD. Results In 30.3% and 20.9% of subjects, the calcium intake was inadequate (< 700 mg/day) and adequate (> 1200 mg/day), respectively. As compared with patients with adequate calcium intake, those with inadequate calcium intake were younger (65.5 ± 10.8 vs 63.9 ± 11.5 years, p = 0.03) and they more frequently reported adverse reactions to food (3.2% vs 7.2% p = 0.01) and previous major fragility fractures (20.8% vs 27.0%, p = 0.03). Patients with calcium intake < 700 mg/day showed a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus, idiopathic hypercalciuria and food allergy/intolerance (8.1%, 5.1%, 7.2%, respectively) than patients with calcium intake > 700 mg/day (5.3%, 3.0%, 4.1%, respectively, p < 0.04 for all comparisons), also after adjusting for age, gender and body mass index. In 30.3% of fractured subjects, the calcium intake was < 700 mg/day. Discussion In Italy, a low calcium intake is highly prevalent in individuals at risk for low BMD. Importantly, an inadequate calcium intake is highly prevalent even in patients with history of fragility fractures. Conclusions Only about a fifth of patients being assessed for low BMD in an Italian SIOMMMS referral Centre have an adequate calcium intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Cairoli
- Unit for Bone Metabolism Disease and Diabetes and Lab of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Via Magnasco 2, 20149, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carmen Aresta
- Unit for Bone Metabolism Disease and Diabetes and Lab of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Via Magnasco 2, 20149, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Giovanelli
- Unit for Bone Metabolism Disease and Diabetes and Lab of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Via Magnasco 2, 20149, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Migliaccio
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Sandro Giannini
- Department of Medicine, Medical Clinic 1, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Giusti
- Unit of Rheumatology, ASL3-Liguria Region, Genoa, Italy
| | - Claudio Marcocci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Gonnelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Le Scotte University Hospital, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Gian Carlo Isaia
- Department of Medical Science, Section of Gerontology and Bone Metabolic Disease, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maurizio Rossini
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Iacopo Chiodini
- Unit for Bone Metabolism Disease and Diabetes and Lab of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Via Magnasco 2, 20149, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Marco Di Stefano
- Department of Medical Science, Section of Gerontology and Bone Metabolic Disease, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ruggiero E, Esposito S, Costanzo S, Di Castelnuovo A, Cerletti C, Donati MB, de Gaetano G, Iacoviello L, Bonaccio M. Ultra-processed food consumption and its correlates among Italian children, adolescents and adults from the Italian Nutrition & Health Survey (INHES) cohort study. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:6258-6271. [PMID: 34289922 PMCID: PMC11148574 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021002767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and its socio-demographic, psychosocial and behavioural correlates in a general population of Italian children, adolescents and adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional telephone-based survey. SETTING Italy, 2010-2013. PARTICIPANTS In total, 9078 participants (5-97 years) from the Italian Nutrition & Health Survey. Dietary intakes were collected by a 1-d 24-h dietary recall. UPF was defined by the NOVA classification and expressed as percentage of total energies. RESULTS Average energy intake from UPF (95 % CI) was 17·3 % (17·1 %, 17·6 %) among adults and 25·9 % (24·8 %, 27·0 %) in children/adolescents. Top sources of UPF were processed meats (32·5 %) and bread substitutes (16·7 %). Among adults, age (β = -3·10; 95 % CI (-4·40, -1·80) for >65 years v. 20-40 years; βs are dimensionless) and residing in Southern Italy (β = -0·73; 95 % CI (-1·32, -0·14) v. Northern) inversely associated with UPF. Screen view during meals was directly linked to UPF, as well as poor self-rated health (β = 5·32; 95 % CI (2·66, 7·99)), adverse life events (β = 2·33; 95 % CI (1·48, 3·18)) and low sleep quality (β = 2·34; 95 % CI (1·45, 3·23)). Boys consumed two-point percent more UPF of the total energy than girls (β = 2·01; 95 % CI (0·20, 3·82)). For all ages, a Mediterranean diet was inversely associated with UPF (β = -4·86; 95 % CI (-5·53, -4·20) for good v. poor adherence in adults and (β = -5·08; 95 % CI (-8·38, -1·77) for kids). CONCLUSIONS UPF contributes a modest proportion of energy to the diets of Italian adults while being one-quarter of the total energies in children/adolescents. UPF was associated with several psychosocial factors and eating behaviours. Increased adherence to Mediterranean diet would possibly result in lower UPF consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Ruggiero
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Via dell'Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Simona Esposito
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Via dell'Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Simona Costanzo
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Via dell'Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | | | - Chiara Cerletti
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Via dell'Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Maria Benedetta Donati
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Via dell'Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Giovanni de Gaetano
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Via dell'Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Licia Iacoviello
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Via dell'Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), University of Insubria, Varese-Como, Italy
| | - Marialaura Bonaccio
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Via dell'Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Manzi P, Di Costanzo MG, Ritota M. Content and Nutritional Evaluation of Zinc in PDO and Traditional Italian Cheeses. Molecules 2021; 26:6300. [PMID: 34684881 PMCID: PMC8540438 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential mineral which plays a key role in several important biological processes in the human body. The determination of its level in food matrices can contribute to the food quality characterization and to the adequacy of the diet. Animal food products generally have a higher zinc content compared to vegetables. Among them, dairy products consumption can provide a great contribution to the zinc reference intakes. In this study, different Italian cheeses (38 Protected Denomination of Origin and 9 Traditional) were evaluated for their zinc content. Cow cheeses generally showed the highest zinc content (1.83-7.75 mg/100 g cheese), followed by sheep cheeses (1.34-3.69 mg/100 g), and cheeses from mixed milk (0.39-4.54 mg/100 g). The only cheese from buffalo milk (Mozzarella di Bufala Campana PDO) showed a zinc content of 2.14 mg/100 g. The great variability in the zinc content observed among the samples is the result of the influence of several factors, such as the feeding system, the species (cow, sheep, goat, and buffalo), and the cheese-making. Most of the samples resulted in a great contribution (>10%) to the zinc Daily Reference Intake set by EU (10 mg/day), with only two samples contributing to less than 4%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Manzi
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L’analisi Dell’economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca Alimenti e Nutrizione, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy; (M.G.D.C.); (M.R.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sapienza S, Vedder A. Principle-based recommendations for big data and machine learning in food safety: the P-SAFETY model. AI & SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00146-021-01282-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBig data and Machine learning Techniques are reshaping the way in which food safety risk assessment is conducted. The ongoing ‘datafication’ of food safety risk assessment activities and the progressive deployment of probabilistic models in their practices requires a discussion on the advantages and disadvantages of these advances. In particular, the low level of trust in EU food safety risk assessment framework highlighted in 2019 by an EU-funded survey could be exacerbated by novel methods of analysis. The variety of processed data raises unique questions regarding the interplay of multiple regulatory systems alongside food safety legislation. Provisions aiming to preserve the confidentiality of data and protect personal information are juxtaposed to norms prescribing the public disclosure of scientific information. This research is intended to provide guidance for data governance and data ownership issues that unfold from the ongoing transformation of the technical and legal domains of food safety risk assessment. Following the reconstruction of technological advances in data collection and analysis and the description of recent amendments to food safety legislation, emerging concerns are discussed in light of the individual, collective and social implications of the deployment of cutting-edge Big Data collection and analysis techniques. Then, a set of principle-based recommendations is proposed by adapting high-level principles enshrined in institutional documents about Artificial Intelligence to the realm of food safety risk assessment. The proposed set of recommendations adopts Safety, Accountability, Fairness, Explainability, Transparency as core principles (SAFETY), whereas Privacy and data protection are used as a meta-principle.
Collapse
|
41
|
Monnard C, Fleith M. Total Fat and Fatty Acid Intake among 1-7-Year-Old Children from 33 Countries: Comparison with International Recommendations. Nutrients 2021; 13:3547. [PMID: 34684548 PMCID: PMC8537778 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This work reviews available data on dietary intakes of total fat, saturated fatty acids (SFA) and individual polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in children in different countries worldwide and for the first time, compares them with recent international recommendations. Studies published before June 2021 reporting total fat, total SFA and individual PUFA intakes in children aged 1-7 y were included. Observed intakes were evaluated against FAO/WHO and EFSA recommendations. 65 studies from 33 countries were included. Fat intake was too low in 88% of studies in young children (1-3 y). SFA intake was >10%E in 69-73% of children, especially in Europe. Linoleic acid intake was <3%E in 24% of studies in 1-2 y olds and within FAO/WHO recommendations among all other ages. Alpha-linolenic acid intake was <0.5%E in almost half of studies. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or eicosapentaenoic acid + DHA intakes were below recommendations in most studies. In summary, while total fat intake was too low among younger children, SFA intake was above, especially in Europe and n-3 PUFA intake, especially DHA, were below recommendations for all ages. Intake of n-3 PUFA, especially DHA, is generally suboptimal. More data, particularly from developing countries, are required to refine these findings and guide implementation of adapted nutrition policies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cathriona Monnard
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Rondanelli M, Tartara A, Fossari F, Vecchio V, Faliva MA, Naso M, Perna S, Nichetti M, Peroni G. Adequate intake and supplementation of B vitamins, in particular folic acid, can play a protective role in bone health. Curr Aging Sci 2021; 15:110-120. [PMID: 34610784 DOI: 10.2174/1874609814666211005101730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In vitro and animal model studies have shown that B vitamins (VB) deficiency have negative consequences on bone, as a result of direct or mediated activity of hyperhomocysteinemia. However, there are still no precise indications regarding a possible VB role in order to maintain bone health. So, the aim of this narrative review was to consider the state of the art on correlation between VB dietary intake, blood levels and supplementation and bone health (bone mineral density (BMD), bone turnover markers and fractures risk) in humans. This review included 29 eligible studies. Considering VB blood levels, the 14 studies considered have shown that low serum folate can be a factor risk for reduced BMD and fractures in elderly, particularly women; no independent association was found for other VB. Studies that evaluate relationship between VB dietary intake and BMD are only 2; one, conducted on 1869 women, demonstrated a positive effect of folate intake on BMD, another demonstrated a dose-dependent inverse relationship between vitamin B6 dietary intake and risk of hip fracture, but only for 35298 female participants. Regarding the relationship between BV supplementation and bone health (9 studies with only VB and 4 with other nutrients), all studies that considered patients with hyperhomocysteinemia or with low folate blood levels, are in agreement in demonstrating that folate supplementation (500mcg-5mg) is useful in improving BMD. In conclusion, a request for folate and homocysteine blood levels in elderly patients with osteopenia/osteoporosis is mandatory. For patients with hyperhomocysteinemia or with low folate blood levels, folate supplementation (500mcg-5mg) is crucial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alice Tartara
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona ''Istituto Santa Margherita'', University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Federica Fossari
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona ''Istituto Santa Margherita'', University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Viviana Vecchio
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona ''Istituto Santa Margherita'', University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Milena Anna Faliva
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona ''Istituto Santa Margherita'', University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Maurizio Naso
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona ''Istituto Santa Margherita'', University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Simone Perna
- Department of Biology, University of Bahrain, College of Science, Sakhir Campus P. O. Box 32038. Bahrain
| | - Mara Nichetti
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona ''Istituto Santa Margherita'', University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Gabriella Peroni
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona ''Istituto Santa Margherita'', University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Boukid F, Carini E, Curti E, Diantom A, Corte R, Vittadini E. Can a structured emulsion (fat in water‐fibre system) substitute saturated fat in cookies without hampering their quality? Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Boukid
- Department of Food and Drug University of Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 47/a Parma 43124 Italy
| | - Eleonora Carini
- Department of Food and Drug University of Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 47/a Parma 43124 Italy
| | - Elena Curti
- Department of Food and Drug University of Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 47/a Parma 43124 Italy
| | - Agoura Diantom
- Department of Food and Drug University of Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 47/a Parma 43124 Italy
| | - Roberto Corte
- Department of Food and Drug University of Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 47/a Parma 43124 Italy
| | - Elena Vittadini
- Department of Food and Drug University of Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 47/a Parma 43124 Italy
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
The presence of antibiotic residue in eggs is a current issue due to the increasingly important phenomenon of antibiotic resistance. A multiclass, confirmatory method for the determination of seventy-three antimicrobial agents (amphenicols, cephalosporins, diaminopyrimidines, lincosamides, macrolides, penicillins, pleuromutilins, quinolones, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines) with liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry was applied to 200 egg samples collected from 119 Italian farms during the years 2018–2021.
Collapse
|
45
|
Dwyer J, Saldanha L, Bailen R, Durazzo A, Le Donne C, Piccinelli R, Andrews K, Pehrsson P, Gusev P, Calvillo A, Connor E, Goshorn J, Sette S, Lucarini M, D’Addezio L, Camilli E, Marletta L, Turrini A. Commentary: An impossible dream? Integrating dietary supplement label databases: needs, challenges, next steps. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.103882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
46
|
Carcelli A, Suo X, Boukid F, Carini E, Vittadini E. Semi‐solid fibre syrup for sugar reduction in cookies. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Carcelli
- Department of Food and Drug University of Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 47/a Parma 43124 Italy
- HI‐FOOD S.p.A. Parco Area delle Scienze Pad. 27 Parma 43124 Italy
| | - Xinying Suo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine University of Camerino via Gentile III da Varano Camerino, Macerata 62032 Italy
- School of Food and Bioengineering Collaborative Innovation Centre of Food Production and Safety Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou China
| | - Fatma Boukid
- Institute of Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (IRTA) Food Safety and Functionality Programme Food Industry Area, Finca Camps i Armet s/n Monells Catalonia 17121 Spain
| | - Eleonora Carini
- Department of Food and Drug University of Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 47/a Parma 43124 Italy
| | - Elena Vittadini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine University of Camerino via Gentile III da Varano Camerino, Macerata 62032 Italy
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Association of Daily Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour with Protein Intake Patterns in Older Adults: A Multi-Study Analysis across Five Countries. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082574. [PMID: 34444732 PMCID: PMC8398631 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity and protein intake are associated with ageing-related outcomes, including loss of muscle strength and functional decline, so may contribute to strategies to improve healthy ageing. We investigated the cross-sectional associations between physical activity or sedentary behaviour and protein intake patterns in community-dwelling older adults across five countries. Self-reported physical activity and dietary intake data were obtained from two cohort studies (Newcastle 85+ Study, UK; LiLACS, New Zealand Māori and Non-Māori) and three national food consumption surveys (DNFCS, The Netherlands; FINDIET, Finland; INRAN-SCAI, Italy). Associations between physical activity and total protein intake, number of eating occasions providing protein, number of meals with specified protein thresholds, and protein intake distribution over the day (calculated as a coefficient of variance) were assessed by regression and repeated measures ANOVA models adjusting for covariates. Greater physical activity was associated with higher total protein intake and more eating occasions containing protein, although associations were mostly explained by higher energy intake. Comparable associations were observed for sedentary behaviour in older adults in Italy. Evidence for older people with higher physical activity or less sedentary behaviour achieving more meals with specified protein levels was mixed across the five countries. A skewed protein distribution was observed, with most protein consumed at midday and evening meals without significant differences between physical activity or sedentary behaviour levels. Findings from this multi-study analysis indicate there is little evidence that total protein and protein intake patterns, irrespective of energy intake, differ by physical activity or sedentary behaviour levels in older adults.
Collapse
|
48
|
Iacone R, Iaccarino Idelson P, Campanozzi A, Rutigliano I, Russo O, Formisano P, Galeone D, Macchia PE, Strazzullo P. Relationship between salt consumption and iodine intake in a pediatric population. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:2193-2202. [PMID: 33084957 PMCID: PMC8137629 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02407-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The World Health Organization recommends reduction of salt intake to < 5 g/day and the use of iodized salt to prevent iodine deficiency states. A high prevalence of excess salt consumption and an inadequate iodine intake has been previously shown in an Italian pediatric population. It was appropriate, therefore, to analyse in the same population the relationship occurring between salt consumption and iodine intake. METHODS The study population was made of 1270 children and adolescents. Estimates of salt consumption and iodine intake were obtained by measuring 24 h urinary sodium and iodine excretion. RESULTS The iodine intake increased gradually across quartiles of salt consumption independently of sex, age and body weight (p < 0.001). Median iodine intake met the European Food Safety Authority adequacy level only in teenagers in the highest quartile of salt consumption (salt intake > 10.2 g/day). We estimated that approximately 65-73% of the total iodine intake was derived from food and 27-35% from iodized salt and that iodized salt made actually only 20% of the total salt intake. CONCLUSION In this pediatric population, in face of an elevated average salt consumption, the use of iodized salt was still insufficient to ensure an adequate iodine intake, in particular among teenagers. In the perspective of a progressive reduction of total salt intake, the health institutions should continue to support iodoprophylaxis, in the context of the national strategies for salt reduction. In order for these policies to be successful, in addition to educational campaigns, it is needed that the prescriptions contained in the current legislation on iodoprophylaxis are made compelling through specific enforcement measures for all the involved stakeholders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Iacone
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples Medical School, Naples, Italy.
| | - Paola Iaccarino Idelson
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples Medical School, Naples, Italy
| | - Angelo Campanozzi
- Pediatrics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia Medical School, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Irene Rutigliano
- Pediatrics, IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Ornella Russo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples Medical School, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Formisano
- Translational Medical Science, Federico II University of Naples Medical School, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Galeone
- Italian Ministry of Health, Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Emidio Macchia
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples Medical School, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Strazzullo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples Medical School, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
TESTINO G, PELLICANO R. Body Mass Index, dental health status and alcohol consumption. GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA ARCHIVIO PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE 2021. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.20.04474-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
50
|
Cormick G, Betran AP, Romero IB, García‐Casal MN, Perez SM, Gibbons L, Belizán JM. Impact of flour fortification with calcium on calcium intake: a simulation study in seven countries. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1493:59-74. [PMID: 33432622 PMCID: PMC9290501 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Calcium intake is low in many countries, especially in low-income countries. Our objective was to perform a simulation exercise on the impact, effectiveness, and safety of a flour fortification strategy using the Intake Modelling, Assessment, and Planning Program. Modeling of calcium fortification scenarios was performed with available dietary intake databases from Argentina, Bangladesh, Italy, the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), Uganda, Zambia, and the United States. This theoretical exercise showed that simulating a fortification with 156 mg of calcium per 100 g of flour would decrease the prevalence of low calcium intake, and less than 2% of the individuals would exceed the recommended calcium upper limit (UL) in Argentina, Italy, Uganda, and Zambia. Bangladesh and the Lao PDR showed little impact, as flour intake is uncommon. By contrast, in the United States, this strategy would lead to some population groups exceeding the UL. This exercise should be replicated and adapted to each country, taking into account the updated prevalence of calcium inadequacy, flour consumption, and technical compatibility between calcium and the flour-type candidate for fortification. A fortification plan should consider the impact on all age groups to avoid the risk of exceeding the upper levels of calcium intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Cormick
- Department of Mother and Child Health ResearchInstitute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy (IECS‐CONICET)Buenos AiresArgentina
- Departamento de SaludUniversidad Nacional de La Matanza (UNLAM)San JustoArgentina
| | - Ana Pilar Betran
- UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and ResearchWorld Health OrganizationGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Iris B. Romero
- Departamento de SaludUniversidad Nacional de La Matanza (UNLAM)San JustoArgentina
| | | | - Surya M. Perez
- Departamento de SaludUniversidad Nacional de La Matanza (UNLAM)San JustoArgentina
| | - Luz Gibbons
- Department of Mother and Child Health ResearchInstitute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy (IECS‐CONICET)Buenos AiresArgentina
| | - José M. Belizán
- Department of Mother and Child Health ResearchInstitute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy (IECS‐CONICET)Buenos AiresArgentina
| |
Collapse
|