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Zhong D, Cheng H. Application of Mendelian randomization in the discovery of risk factors for coronary heart disease from 2009 to 2023: A bibliometric review. Clin Cardiol 2024; 47:e24154. [PMID: 37724687 PMCID: PMC10765999 DOI: 10.1002/clc.24154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a life-threatening condition that poses a significant risk to individuals. Mendelian randomization (MR) is an emerging epidemiological research method that offers substantial advantages in identifying risk factors for diseases. Currently, there are ongoing CHD-related MR studies. To gain comprehensive insights into the focal areas and trends of CHD-related MR research, this study utilizes bibliometrics to conduct an in-depth analysis of CHD-related MR articles published in the core database of Web of Science (WOS) from 2009 to 2023. A search was performed to identify CHD-related MR articles published between 2009 and 2023 in WOS. The data, including publication countries, research institutions, journals, citations, and keywords, were analyzed using the Bibliometrix R-4.0 software package. A total of 111 articles published in 71 journals were included in the analysis. The journal with the highest impact factor (IF) was the New England Journal of Medicine. The articles were distributed across 24 categories within the 71 journals, with the highest number of publications falling under Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems, Medicine, General & Internal, and Genetics & Heredity. Among the articles, 57 were published in Q1 journals, 42 in Q2 journals, 9 in Q3 journals, and 2 in Q4 journals. The most frequently published journals on CHD-related MR were Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, Frontiers in Genetics, and the Journal of the American College of Cardiology. A total of 963 authors participated in the 111 articles, with the majority affiliated with institutions in the United Kingdom, the US, and China. The national cooperation network revealed close collaborations between the UK and the US, as well as between the UK and China. The publication of the 111 articles involved 453 research institutions, with Oxford University, Bristol University, and Cambridge University being the most frequently involved institutions. Out of the 111 articles, only 62 were directly related to CHD and MR, with CHD being the outcome factor in 61 of them. These 61 articles investigated 47 exposure factors across eight categories. Among these factors, 10 had been studied in more than 2 articles. The findings concerning the impact of serum uric acid and omega-6 fatty acids on CHD risk were not entirely consistent. Research in MR related to CHD has been gradually gaining recognition, with an increase in both its academic credibility and collaborative efforts within this field. Indeed, MR has facilitated the identification of risk factors associated with CHD. However, the relationship between these disease risk factors and CHD requires further investigation for clarification. Future MR studies on CHD could prioritize the elucidation and validation of contentious disease risk factors, thereby paving the way for a more comprehensive exploration of additional factors contributing to the onset of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayuan Zhong
- Nanhai Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinan UniversityFoshanChina
| | - Hui Cheng
- Nanhai Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinan UniversityFoshanChina
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Georgiou AN, Zagkos L, Markozannes G, Chalitsios CV, Asimakopoulos AG, Xu W, Wang L, Mesa‐Eguiagaray I, Zhou X, Loizidou EM, Kretsavos N, Theodoratou E, Gill D, Burgess S, Evangelou E, Tsilidis KK, Tzoulaki I. Appraising the Causal Role of Risk Factors in Coronary Artery Disease and Stroke: A Systematic Review of Mendelian Randomization Studies. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e029040. [PMID: 37804188 PMCID: PMC7615320 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.029040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mendelian randomization (MR) offers a powerful approach to study potential causal associations between exposures and health outcomes by using genetic variants associated with an exposure as instrumental variables. In this systematic review, we aimed to summarize previous MR studies and to evaluate the evidence for causality for a broad range of exposures in relation to coronary artery disease and stroke. METHODS AND RESULTS MR studies investigating the association of any genetically predicted exposure with coronary artery disease or stroke were identified. Studies were classified into 4 categories built on the significance of the main MR analysis results and its concordance with sensitivity analyses, namely, robust, probable, suggestive, and insufficient. Studies reporting associations that did not perform any sensitivity analysis were classified as nonevaluable. We identified 2725 associations eligible for evaluation, examining 535 distinct exposures. Of them, 141 were classified as robust, 353 as probable, 110 as suggestive, and 926 had insufficient evidence. The most robust associations were observed for anthropometric traits, lipids, and lipoproteins and type 2 diabetes with coronary artery; disease and clinical measurements with coronary artery disease and stroke; and thrombotic factors with stroke. CONCLUSIONS Despite the large number of studies that have been conducted, only a limited number of associations were supported by robust evidence. Approximately half of the studies reporting associations presented an MR sensitivity analysis along with the main analysis that further supported the causality of associations. Future research should focus on more thorough assessments of sensitivity MR analyses and further assessments of mediation effects or nonlinearity of associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea N. Georgiou
- Department of Hygiene and EpidemiologyUniversity of Ioannina School of MedicineIoanninaGreece
| | - Loukas Zagkos
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Georgios Markozannes
- Department of Hygiene and EpidemiologyUniversity of Ioannina School of MedicineIoanninaGreece
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Christos V. Chalitsios
- Department of Hygiene and EpidemiologyUniversity of Ioannina School of MedicineIoanninaGreece
| | | | - Wei Xu
- Centre for Global Health, Usher InstituteThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Centre for Global Health, Usher InstituteThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | | | - Xuan Zhou
- Centre for Global Health, Usher InstituteThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Eleni M. Loizidou
- Department of Hygiene and EpidemiologyUniversity of Ioannina School of MedicineIoanninaGreece
- Biobank Cyprus Center of Excellence in Biobanking and Biomedical ResearchUniversity of CyprusNicosiaCyprus
| | - Nikolaos Kretsavos
- Department of Hygiene and EpidemiologyUniversity of Ioannina School of MedicineIoanninaGreece
| | - Evropi Theodoratou
- Centre for Global Health, Usher InstituteThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and CancerThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Dipender Gill
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Stephen Burgess
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Evangelos Evangelou
- Department of Hygiene and EpidemiologyUniversity of Ioannina School of MedicineIoanninaGreece
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Biomedical Research, Institute of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyFoundation for Research and Technology‐HellasIoanninaGreece
| | - Konstantinos K. Tsilidis
- Department of Hygiene and EpidemiologyUniversity of Ioannina School of MedicineIoanninaGreece
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Ioanna Tzoulaki
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
- Centre for Systems Biology, Biomedical Research FoundationAcademy of AthensAthensGreece
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Maloberti A, Mengozzi A, Russo E, Cicero AFG, Angeli F, Agabiti Rosei E, Barbagallo CM, Bernardino B, Bombelli M, Cappelli F, Casiglia E, Cianci R, Ciccarelli M, Cirillo M, Cirillo P, Desideri G, D'Elia L, Dell'Oro R, Facchetti R, Ferri C, Galletti F, Giannattasio C, Gesualdo L, Iaccarino G, Lippa L, Mallamaci F, Masi S, Masulli M, Mazza A, Muiesan ML, Nazzaro P, Parati G, Palatini P, Pauletto P, Pontremoli R, Pugliese NR, Quarti-Trevano F, Rattazzi M, Reboldi G, Rivasi G, Salvetti M, Tikhonoff V, Tocci G, Ungar A, Verdecchia P, Viazzi F, Volpe M, Virdis A, Grassi G, Borghi C. The Results of the URRAH (Uric Acid Right for Heart Health) Project: A Focus on Hyperuricemia in Relation to Cardiovascular and Kidney Disease and its Role in Metabolic Dysregulation. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2023; 30:411-425. [PMID: 37792253 PMCID: PMC10600296 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-023-00602-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between Serum Uric Acid (UA) and Cardiovascular (CV) diseases has already been extensively evaluated, and it was found to be an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality but also acute coronary syndrome, stroke and heart failure. Similarly, also many papers have been published on the association between UA and kidney function, while less is known on the role of UA in metabolic derangement and, particularly, in metabolic syndrome. Despite the substantial number of publications on the topic, there are still some elements of doubt: (1) the better cut-off to be used to refine CV risk (also called CV cut-off); (2) the needing for a correction of UA values for kidney function; and (3) the better definition of its role in metabolic syndrome: is UA simply a marker, a bystander or a key pathological element of metabolic dysregulation?. The Uric acid Right for heArt Health (URRAH) project was designed by the Working Group on uric acid and CV risk of the Italian Society of Hypertension to answer the first question. After the first papers that individuates specific cut-off for different CV disease, subsequent articles have been published responding to the other relevant questions. This review will summarise most of the results obtained so far from the URRAH research project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Maloberti
- Cardiology IV, "A.De Gasperis" Department, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mengozzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology (CTEC), University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Russo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico SanMartino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Arrigo Francesco Giuseppe Cicero
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Research Group, Department of Medical and Surgical Science, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, IRCCS AOU S. Orsola di Bologna, Pad. 25 - 1st Floor, Via Massarenti, 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Fabio Angeli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, Maugeri Care and Research Institutes, IRCCS Tradate, Varese, Italy
| | - Enrico Agabiti Rosei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Carlo Maria Barbagallo
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Bruno Bernardino
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Michele Bombelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Milan, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pio XI Hospital of Desio, ASST Brianza, Desio, Italy
| | - Federica Cappelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Rosario Cianci
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Ciccarelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Massimo Cirillo
- Department of Public Health, ''Federico II'' University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Cirillo
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, ''Aldo Moro'' University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovambattista Desideri
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Lanfranco D'Elia
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, ''Federico II'' University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaella Dell'Oro
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Milan, Italy
- Clinica Medica, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Rita Facchetti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Ferri
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Galletti
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, ''Federico II'' University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina Giannattasio
- Cardiology IV, "A.De Gasperis" Department, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Milan, Italy
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, ''Aldo Moro'' University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Guido Iaccarino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, ''Federico II'' University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Luciano Lippa
- Italian Society of General Medicine (SIMG), Avezzano, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesca Mallamaci
- Reggio Cal Unit, Clinical Epidemiology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, CNR-IFC, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Stefano Masi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Masulli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Alberto Mazza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Santa Maria della Misericordia General Hospital, AULSS 5 Polesana, Rovigo, Italy
| | - Maria Lorenza Muiesan
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Pietro Nazzaro
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Parati
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Milan, Italy
- Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Palatini
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Paolo Pauletto
- Medicina Interna I, Ca' Foncello University Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - Roberto Pontremoli
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico SanMartino, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Fosca Quarti-Trevano
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Milan, Italy
- Clinica Medica, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | | | - Gianpaolo Reboldi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Perugia, 06100, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giulia Rivasi
- Department of Geriatric and Intensive Care Medicine, Careggi Hospital and University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Massimo Salvetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Giuliano Tocci
- Hypertension Unit, Division of Cardiology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Ungar
- Department of Geriatric and Intensive Care Medicine, Careggi Hospital and University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Viazzi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico SanMartino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Massimo Volpe
- Hypertension Unit, Division of Cardiology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | - Agostino Virdis
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Guido Grassi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Milan, Italy
- Clinica Medica, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Claudio Borghi
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Research Group, Department of Medical and Surgical Science, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, IRCCS AOU S. Orsola di Bologna, Pad. 25 - 1st Floor, Via Massarenti, 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
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