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Ferrer M, Pham AN, Waite TD. Kinetic Modeling Assisted Analysis of Vitamin C-Mediated Copper Redox Transformations in Aqueous Solutions. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:10663-10680. [PMID: 38081796 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c05736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The kinetics of oxidation of micromolar concentrations of ascorbic acid (AA) catalyzed by Cu(II) in solutions representative of biological and environmental aqueous systems has been investigated in both the presence and absence of oxygen. The results reveal that the reaction between AA and Cu(II) is a relatively complex set of redox processes whereby Cu(II) initially oxidizes AA yielding the intermediate ascorbate radical (A•-) and Cu(I). The rate constant for this reaction was determined to have a lower limit of 2.2 × 104 M-1 s-1. Oxygen was found to play a critical role in mediating the Cu(II)/Cu(I) redox cycle and the oxidation reactions of AA and its oxidized forms. Among these processes, the oxidation of the ascorbate radical by molecular oxygen was identified to play a key role in the consumption of ascorbic acid, despite being a slow reaction. The rate constant for this reaction (A • - + O 2 → DHA + O 2 • - ) was determined for the first time with a calculated value of 54 ± 8 M-1 s-1. The kinetic model developed satisfactorily describes the Cu/AA/O2 system over a range of conditions including different concentrations of NaCl (0.2 and 0.7 M) and pH (7.4 and 8.1). Appropriate adjustments to the rate constant for the reaction between Cu(I) and O2 were found to account for the influence of the chloride ions and pH on the kinetics of the process. Additionally, the presence of Cu(III) as the primary oxidant resulting from the interaction between Cu(I) and H2O2 in the Cu(II)/AA system was confirmed, along with the coexistence of HO•, possibly due to an equilibrium established between Cu(III) and HO•.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliano Ferrer
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - A Ninh Pham
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - T David Waite
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Rose GA, Davies RG, Appadurai IR, Williams IM, Bashir M, Berg RMG, Poole DC, Bailey DM. 'Fit for surgery': The relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and postoperative outcomes. Exp Physiol 2022; 107:787-799. [PMID: 35579479 PMCID: PMC9545112 DOI: 10.1113/ep090156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New Findings What is the topic of this review? The relationships and physiological mechanisms underlying the clinical benefits of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in patients undergoing major intra‐abdominal surgery. What advances does it highlight? Elevated CRF reduces postoperative morbidity/mortality, thus highlighting the importance of CRF as an independent risk factor. The vascular protection afforded by exercise prehabilitation can further improve surgical risk stratification and postoperative outcomes.
Abstract Surgery accounts for 7.7% of all deaths globally and the number of procedures is increasing annually. A patient's ‘fitness for surgery’ describes the ability to tolerate a physiological insult, fundamental to risk assessment and care planning. We have evolved as obligate aerobes that rely on oxygen (O2). Systemic O2 consumption can be measured via cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) providing objective metrics of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Impaired CRF is an independent risk factor for mortality and morbidity. The perioperative period is associated with increased O2 demand, which if not met leads to O2 deficit, the magnitude and duration of which dictates organ failure and ultimately death. CRF is by far the greatest modifiable risk factor, and optimal exercise interventions are currently under investigation in patient prehabilitation programmes. However, current practice demonstrates potential for up to 60% of patients, who undergo preoperative CPET, to have their fitness incorrectly stratified. To optimise this work we must improve the detection of CRF and reduce potential for interpretive error that may misinform risk classification and subsequent patient care, better quantify risk by expressing the power of CRF to predict mortality and morbidity compared to traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and improve patient interventions with the capacity to further enhance vascular adaptation. Thus, a better understanding of CRF, used to determine fitness for surgery, will enable both clinicians and exercise physiologists to further refine patient care and management to improve survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Rose
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK
| | - Richard G Davies
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK.,Department of Anaesthetics, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ian R Appadurai
- Department of Anaesthetics, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ian M Williams
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK.,Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Mohammad Bashir
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK.,Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ronan M G Berg
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Copenhagen - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Centre for Physical Activity Research, University Hospital Copenhagen - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David C Poole
- Departments of Kinesiology, Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, USA
| | - Damian M Bailey
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK
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3
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Gao L, Chong E, Pendharkar S, Phillips A, Ke L, Li W, Windsor JA. The Challenges and Effects of Ascorbic Acid Treatment of Acute Pancreatitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Front Nutr 2021; 8:734558. [PMID: 34765629 PMCID: PMC8576576 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.734558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis (AP), and ascorbic acid (AA), as an important endogenous antioxidant substance, has been shown to reduce AP severity in preclinical studies. However, the effects of AA supplementation in clinical settings remain controversial. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and SCOPUS databases were searched, and both preclinical and clinical studies were included. For clinical trials, the primary outcome was incidence of organ failure, and for preclinical studies, the primary outcome was histopathological scores of pancreatic injuries. Results: Meta-analysis of clinical trials showed that compared with controls, AA administration did not reduce the incidence of organ failure or mortality during hospitalization but was associated with significantly reduced length of hospital stay. Meta-analysis of preclinical studies showed that AA supplementation reduced pancreatic injury, demonstrated as decreased histological scores and serum amylase, lipase levels. Conclusion: AA administration has no effect on survival or organ failure in patients with AP but may reduce the length of hospital stay. However, the evidence to date remains sparse, scattered, and of suboptimal quality, making it difficult to draw any firm conclusion on the clinical benefits of AA in AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Gao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Center of Severe Acute Pancreatitis (CSAP), Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Applied Surgery and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Eric Chong
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Surgical and Translational Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sayali Pendharkar
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Surgical and Translational Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anthony Phillips
- Applied Surgery and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Surgical and Translational Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lu Ke
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Center of Severe Acute Pancreatitis (CSAP), Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiqin Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Center of Severe Acute Pancreatitis (CSAP), Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - John Albert Windsor
- Applied Surgery and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Surgical and Translational Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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4
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Superoxide Dismutase Predicts Persistent Circulation Failure and Mortality in the Early Stage of Acute Pancreatitis. Dig Dis Sci 2020; 65:3551-3557. [PMID: 31997054 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06069-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oxidative stress is an important event in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. Superoxide dismutase is a major antioxidant enzyme in the body. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in superoxide dismutase activity early in the onset of acute pancreatitis and its value in predicting the risk of organ failure and mortality. METHODS Data for 2549 patients hospitalized from 2013 to 2017 were extracted from the prospective database, and we selected 854 adult patients who were admitted within 24 h of disease onset with complete data. Serum superoxide dismutase activities on the first, second, and third days of hospital admission for patients with different severities, organ failure, and mortality were compared. The areas under the curve for the prediction of organ failure, pancreatic necrosis, and mortality were estimated using receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS Among the 854 adult patients, superoxide dismutase activities were significantly different among patients with mild acute pancreatitis, moderately severe acute pancreatitis, and severe acute pancreatitis (P = 0.005). Superoxide dismutase activity was significantly decreased in patients with persistent renal failure (77.8 ± 37.2), persistent circulatory failure (66.2 ± 14.9), and mortality (64.3 ± 16.0). The accuracy of superoxide dismutase with regard to predicting persistent circulatory failure and mortality was high, and the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves were 0.83 and 0.84, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Superoxide dismutase activity was negatively correlated with the severity and clinical outcome of AP. Superoxide dismutase activity is highly accurate at predicting persistent circulation failure and mortality in the early stage of AP.
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Veres T, Petrovics L, Sárvári K, Vereczkei A, Jancsó G, Farkas KB, Takács I. The effect of laparoscopic pre- and postconditioning on pneumoperitoneum induced injury of the peritoneum. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2020; 73:565-577. [DOI: 10.3233/ch-190572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T.Gy. Veres
- Department of Surgical Research and Techniques, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - L. Petrovics
- Department of Surgical Research and Techniques, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - K. Sárvári
- Department of Surgical Research and Techniques, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - A. Vereczkei
- Surgery Clinic University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - G. Jancsó
- Department of Surgical Research and Techniques, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - K. Borbásné Farkas
- Institute of Bioanalysis, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - I. Takács
- Department of Surgical Research and Techniques, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
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6
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Dong Y, Liu Y, Shu Y, Chen X, Hu J, Zheng R, Ma D, Yang C, Guan X. Link between risk of colorectal cancer and serum vitamin E levels: A meta-analysis of case-control studies. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e7470. [PMID: 28682917 PMCID: PMC5502190 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000007470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of low serum vitamin E levels on the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains inconclusive. This meta-analysis aims to synthesize relevant studies to evaluate the association between serum vitamin E and the risk of CRC based on case-control studies. METHODS Potentially relevant studies were selected by searching PubMed, EMBASE, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The association between serum vitamin E levels and CRC was estimated by the weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was evaluated using Q test and I statistic. Subgroup analysis was conducted to explore sources of heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis was performed to reveal stability and reliability. RESULTS A total of 10 papers with 11 studies, including 6431 subjects with 520 CRC patients and 5981 controls, were included in this present meta-analysis. The results indicated that compared with healthy controls, patients with CRC showed lower concentrations of serum vitamin E (WMD = -2.994 μmol/L, 95% CI = -4.395 to -1.593). Ethnicity subgroup analysis indicated that the serum vitamin E levels were lower in European (WMD = -1.82 μmol/L, 95% CI = -3.00 to -0.65), but not in Asian. Control-source subgroup analysis revealed that a significant association was observed in subgroup with hospital-based controls (WMD = -3.43 μmol/L, 95% CI = -6.27 to -0.59), but not in those with population-based controls. Sensitivity analysis suggested no significant difference in the pooled estimates, indicating stable results. CONCLUSIONS CRC is associated with a lower concentration of serum vitamin E. However, necessary prospective cohort studies should be conducted to assess the effect of serum vitamin E on the risk of CRC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghai Dong
- Administration Office, Jiangxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Yun Liu
- Cadre Wards of Neurology Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital
| | - Yan Shu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Nanchang, Jiangxi Province
| | - Xiaodan Chen
- Department of Science and Education, Jiangxi Provincial Cancer Hospital
| | - Jilong Hu
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Nanchang
| | - Ruizhi Zheng
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou
| | - Dongyang Ma
- Department of Public Health, Nanhui Mental Health Center, Pudong New Area, Shanghai
| | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Health Education, Jiangxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Xihong Guan
- Remote Medical Consultation Center, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, China
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7
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Pan LL, Li J, Shamoon M, Bhatia M, Sun J. Recent Advances on Nutrition in Treatment of Acute Pancreatitis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:762. [PMID: 28713382 PMCID: PMC5491641 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common abdominal acute inflammatory disorder and the leading cause of hospital admission for gastrointestinal disorders in many countries. Clinical manifestations of AP vary from self-limiting local inflammation to devastating systemic pathological conditions causing significant morbidity and mortality. To date, despite extensive efforts in translating promising experimental therapeutic targets in clinical trials, disease-specific effective remedy remains obscure, and supportive care has still been the primary treatment for this disease. Emerging evidence, in light of the current state of pathophysiology of AP, has highlighted that strategic initiation of nutrition with appropriate nutrient supplementation are key to limit local inflammation and to prevent or manage AP-associated complications. The current review focuses on recent advances on nutritional interventions including enteral versus parenteral nutrition strategies, and nutritional supplements such as probiotics, glutamine, omega-3 fatty acids, and vitamins in clinical AP, hoping to advance current knowledge and practice related to nutrition and nutritional supplements in clinical management of AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Long Pan
- School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jiahong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Nutrition and Immunology Laboratory, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Muhammad Shamoon
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Nutrition and Immunology Laboratory, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Madhav Bhatia
- Inflammation Research Group, Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Jia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Nutrition and Immunology Laboratory, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Uçmak F, Ekin N, İbiloğlu İ, Arslan S, Kaplan İ, Şenateş E. Prophylactic Administration of Silybin Ameliorates L-Arginine-Induced Acute Pancreatitis. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:3641-3646. [PMID: 27725627 PMCID: PMC5070635 DOI: 10.12659/msm.898014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress have been shown to play a role in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential effect of silybin, a potent antioxidant, on L-arginine-induced acute pancreatitis in an experimental rat model. Material/Methods Forty female Wistar Albino rats were divided into 5 groups as follows: Group 1 (C): control group (n=8), Group 2 (SL): silybin group (n=8), Group 3 (LA): acute pancreatitis group (n=8), Group 4 (SLLA): prophylaxis group (n=8), and Group 5 (LASL): treatment group (n=8). Group C (control) received 2 intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of physiological saline at an interval of 1 h. Group SL received only a single i.p. injection of silybin. The SLLA group received a single i.p. injection of silybin before the induction of acute pancreatitis with L-arginine, whereas the LASL group received the same injection after the induction of acute pancreatitis with L-arginine. Pancreatic tissues were histopathologically examined. Levels of amylase and oxidative stress markers (total oxidant status and total anti-oxidant status) were determined in the blood samples. Oxidative stress index was calculated. Results In comparison to the LA, the prophylaxis and treatment groups showed significant improvements in serum oxidative stress parameters (p=0.001 and p=0.005, respectively). Histopathological analysis showed that the treatment group had significant improvements in edema scores only (p=0.006), whereas the prophylaxis group had the same improvements in inflammation and necrosis scores as well as in total scores (p=0.004, 0.006, and 0.004, respectively). Conclusions When used for prophylactic rather than therapeutic purposes, silybin ameliorates serum oxidative stress parameters and improves histopathological results via its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feyzullah Uçmak
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dicle University, School of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Nazım Ekin
- Gastroenterology Clinic, Gazi Yasargil Education and Research Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - İbrahim İbiloğlu
- Department of Pathology, Dicle University, School of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Serkan Arslan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dicle University, School of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Kaplan
- Department of Biochemistry, Dicle University, School of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Ebubekir Şenateş
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medeniyet University, School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
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Oskarsson V, Sadr-Azodi O, Orsini N, Andrén-Sandberg Å, Wolk A. Vegetables, fruit and risk of non-gallstone-related acute pancreatitis: a population-based prospective cohort study. Gut 2013; 62:1187-92. [PMID: 22740517 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2012-302521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association of vegetable and fruit consumption with the risk of non-gallstone-related acute pancreatitis. DESIGN A population-based prospective cohort of 80,019 women and men, aged 46-84 years, completed a food-frequency questionnaire at baseline and was followed up for incidence of non-gallstone-related acute pancreatitis from 1 January 1998 to 31 December 2009. Participants were categorised into quintiles according to consumption of vegetables and consumption of fruit. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate RRs and 95% CIs. RESULTS In total, 320 incident cases (216 men and 104 women) with non-gallstone-related acute pancreatitis were identified during 12 years of follow-up (891,136 person-years). After adjustment for potential confounders, the authors observed a significant inverse linear dose-response association between vegetable consumption and risk of non-gallstone-related acute pancreatitis; every two additional servings per day were associated with 17% risk reduction (RR=0.83; 95% CI 0.70 to 0.98; p=0.03). Among participants consuming >1 drink of alcohol per day and among those with body mass index ≥25 kg/m2, the RR for the highest compared with the lowest quintile of vegetable consumption was 0.29 (95% CI 0.13 to 0.67) and 0.49 (95% CI 0.29 to 0.85), respectively. Fruit consumption was not significantly associated with the risk of non-gallstone-related acute pancreatitis; the RR comparing extreme quintiles of consumption was 1.20 (95% CI 0.81 to 1.78). CONCLUSIONS Vegetable consumption, but not fruit consumption, may play a role in the prevention of non-gallstone-related acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Oskarsson
- Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Kučerová B, Krčmová L, Solichová D, Plíšek J, Solich P. Comparison of a new high-resolution monolithic column with core-shell and fully porous columns for the analysis of retinol and α-tocopherol in human serum and breast milk by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography†. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:2223-30. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Kučerová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University; Hradec Králové Czech Republic
- III. Internal Gerontometabolic Clinic; University Hospital; Hradec Králové Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Krčmová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University; Hradec Králové Czech Republic
- III. Internal Gerontometabolic Clinic; University Hospital; Hradec Králové Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Solichová
- III. Internal Gerontometabolic Clinic; University Hospital; Hradec Králové Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Plíšek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University; Hradec Králové Czech Republic
- III. Internal Gerontometabolic Clinic; University Hospital; Hradec Králové Czech Republic
| | - Petr Solich
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University; Hradec Králové Czech Republic
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11
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Du J, Cullen JJ, Buettner GR. Ascorbic acid: chemistry, biology and the treatment of cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2012; 1826:443-57. [PMID: 22728050 PMCID: PMC3608474 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 478] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of vitamin C, the number of its known biological functions is continually expanding. Both the names ascorbic acid and vitamin C reflect its antiscorbutic properties due to its role in the synthesis of collagen in connective tissues. Ascorbate acts as an electron-donor keeping iron in the ferrous state thereby maintaining the full activity of collagen hydroxylases; parallel reactions with a variety of dioxygenases affect the expression of a wide array of genes, for example via the HIF system, as well as via the epigenetic landscape of cells and tissues. In fact, all known physiological and biochemical functions of ascorbate are due to its action as an electron donor. The ability to donate one or two electrons makes AscH(-) an excellent reducing agent and antioxidant. Ascorbate readily undergoes pH-dependent autoxidation producing hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). In the presence of catalytic metals this oxidation is accelerated. In this review, we show that the chemical and biochemical nature of ascorbate contribute to its antioxidant as well as its prooxidant properties. Recent pharmacokinetic data indicate that intravenous (i.v.) administration of ascorbate bypasses the tight control of the gut producing highly elevated plasma levels; ascorbate at very high levels can act as prodrug to deliver a significant flux of H(2)O(2) to tumors. This new knowledge has rekindled interest and spurred new research into the clinical potential of pharmacological ascorbate. Knowledge and understanding of the mechanisms of action of pharmacological ascorbate bring a rationale to its use to treat disease especially the use of i.v. delivery of pharmacological ascorbate as an adjuvant in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Joseph J. Cullen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Garry R. Buettner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, USA
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12
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Esrefoglu M. Experimental and clinical evidence of antioxidant therapy in acute pancreatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:5533-41. [PMID: 23112545 PMCID: PMC3482639 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i39.5533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis (AP). Antioxidants, alone or in combination with conventional therapy, should improve oxidative-stress-induced organ damage and therefore accelerate the rate of recovery. In recent years, substantial amounts of data about the efficiency of antioxidants against oxidative damage have been obtained from experiments with rodents. Some of these antioxidants have been found beneficial in the treatment of AP in humans; however, at present there is insufficient clinical data to support the benefits of antioxidants, alone or in combination with conventional therapy, in the management of AP in humans. Conflicting results obtained from experimental animals and humans may represent distinct pathophysiological mechanisms mediating tissue injury in different species. Further detailed studies should be done to clarify the exact mechanisms of tissue injury in human AP. Herein I tried to review the existing experimental and clinical studies on AP in order to determine the efficiency of antioxidants. The use of antioxidant enriched nutrition is a potential direction of clinical research in AP given the lack of clues about the efficiency and safety of antioxidant usage in patients with AP.
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Szpetnar M, Matras P, Kiełczykowska M, Horecka A, Bartoszewska L, Pasternak K, Rudzki S. Antioxidants in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition after gastrointestinal cancer surgery. Cell Biochem Funct 2011; 30:211-6. [PMID: 22125185 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is essential for patients with postoperative impairing gastrointestinal function who are unable to receive and absorb oral/enteral feeding for at least 7 days. Oxidative stress plays a major role in the ethiopathogenesis of cancers. In this study, total antioxidant status (TAS), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde and ascorbic acid were studied in patients operated because of small intestine, colorectal or pancreatic cancer and subsequently receiving TPN in comparison with patients receiving standard nutrition after the operation. TAS level and GPx activity were decreased in patients with small intestine cancer but did not differ in patients with colorectal and pancreatic cancer before and after surgery. In all patient groups receiving TPN, superoxide dismutase activity after the surgery was kept at the same level as before. On the fifth day after the surgery, malondialdehyde concentration in each group was restored to the value observed before surgery. On the fifth day of TPN treatment, ascorbic acid concentration was increased in every group of patients. TPN applied during the postoperative period alleviates oxidative stress resulting from surgery. In the case of small intestine cancer, the addition of vitamins and antioxidants to the nutrition mixture seems to result in depletion of antioxidant enzymes' activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Szpetnar
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
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Arsalani-Zadeh R, Ullah S, Khan S, MacFie J. Oxidative stress in laparoscopic versus open abdominal surgery: a systematic review. J Surg Res 2011; 169:e59-68. [PMID: 21492871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2011.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Any form of trauma, including surgery, is known to result in oxidative stress. Increased intra-abdominal pressure during pneumoperitoneum and inflation-deflation may cause ischemia reperfusion and, hence, oxidative stress may be greater during laparoscopic surgery. The aim of this study was to systemically review the literature to compare oxidative stress in laparoscopic and open procedures. METHODS A systematic search of the Medline, Pub Med, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases was performed with the following keywords: pneumoperitoneum AND surger $ OR laparoscop $ AND oxida $. The search was limited to articles published between 1980 and August 2010. RESULTS The initial search identified 197 papers. After review of the abstracts, 17 papers met the inclusion criteria. Six more papers were identified through the reference lists. It was not possible to perform a meta-analysis due to heterogeneity of patient data, patient selection criteria, and diversity of biomarkers used. The majority of studies demonstrated greater immediate oxidative stress after open surgery. There was, however, a paucity of studies comparing open versus laparoscopic surgery with regards to tissue oxidative stress. CONCLUSION Laparoscopic surgery seems to produce less systemic oxidative stress. However the effect of pneumoperitoneum on local oxidative stress and tissue hypoxia and its clinical significance need further investigation.
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Puchau B, Zulet MA, Hermsdorff HHM, Navarro-Blasco I, Martínez JA. Nail antioxidant trace elements are inversely associated with inflammatory markers in healthy young adults. Biol Trace Elem Res 2010; 133:304-12. [PMID: 19582378 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-009-8443-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2009] [Accepted: 06/23/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidant intake may be linked to a reduction of the chronic low-grade inflammatory state related to obesity and several accompanying disorders such as insulin resistance, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic syndrome. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential associations between nail trace elements and several indicators in healthy young adults, emphasizing on the putative effect of antioxidant trace element intake on inflammation-related marker concentrations. This study enrolled 149 healthy young adults, whose anthropometrical and blood pressure values as well as lifestyle features were analyzed. Fasting blood samples were collected for the biochemical and inflammation-related measurements (C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-18, and homocysteine). Nail samples were collected for the analysis of selenium, zinc, and copper concentrations. Our results showed that nail selenium was negatively associated with IL-18; nail zinc concentrations were inversely related to circulating IL-6, IL-18, and TNF-alpha, whereas nail copper (Cu) and Cu/selenium values were negatively correlated with homocysteine levels and the Cu/zinc ratio was unaffected. In conclusion, nail content on some trace elements related to antioxidant defense mechanisms seems to be associated with several inflammation-related markers linked to chronic diseases in apparently healthy young adults, which is of interest to understand the role of antioxidant intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Puchau
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Physiology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Calle Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
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Puchau B, Zulet MA, Urtiaga G, Navarro-Blasco I, Martínez JA. Asymmetric dimethylarginine association with antioxidants intake in healthy young adults: a role as an indicator of metabolic syndrome features. Metabolism 2009; 58:1483-8. [PMID: 19586644 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2008] [Accepted: 04/10/2009] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential associations between serum asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and several anthropometric, biochemical, and lifestyle features in healthy young adults, emphasizing on the putative effects of the antioxidant intake on ADMA concentrations. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements as well as lifestyle features and antioxidant intake were analyzed in 93 healthy young adults aged 18 to 34 years. Fasting blood samples were collected for the measurement of glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triacylglycerols, and ADMA concentrations, as well as erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity. Nail samples were collected for the analysis of selenium and zinc concentrations. Values of body mass index (P = .004), waist circumference (P = .008), waist-to-height ratio (P = .046), systolic blood pressure (P < .001), serum glucose (P < .001), and nail selenium (P = .004) and zinc (P = .018) were significantly different between subjects with serum ADMA higher and lower than the median (cutoff, 458 nmol/L). Furthermore, ADMA showed a positive association with several adiposity markers such as body weight (P < .001), body mass index (P < .001), waist circumference (P = .006), waist-to-height ratio (P = .020), body fat mass (P = .001), systolic blood pressure (P = .001), and serum glucose (P < .001), whereas erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity (P = .021) and nail selenium (P = .040) and zinc values (P = .013) were statistically significant negative predictors of ADMA concentrations. In conclusion, ADMA seems to be related with selenium and zinc status and several anthropometric and biochemical measurements linked to metabolic syndrome in apparently healthy young adults. These findings support a role for antioxidant/trace element intake in the modulation of ADMA, whose assessment may be a marker of metabolic syndrome manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Puchau
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Physiology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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Antioxidant activity of sulfur and selenium: a review of reactive oxygen species scavenging, glutathione peroxidase, and metal-binding antioxidant mechanisms. Cell Biochem Biophys 2009; 55:1-23. [PMID: 19548119 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-009-9054-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that oxidation caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a major cause of cellular damage and death and has been implicated in cancer, neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular diseases. Small-molecule antioxidants containing sulfur and selenium can ameliorate oxidative damage, and cells employ multiple antioxidant mechanisms to prevent this cellular damage. However, current research has focused mainly on clinical, epidemiological, and in vivo studies with little emphasis on the antioxidant mechanisms responsible for observed sulfur and selenium antioxidant activities. In addition, the antioxidant properties of sulfur compounds are commonly compared to selenium antioxidant properties; however, sulfur and selenium antioxidant activities can be quite distinct, with each utilizing different antioxidant mechanisms to prevent oxidative cellular damage. In the present review, we discuss the antioxidant activities of sulfur and selenium compounds, focusing on several antioxidant mechanisms, including ROS scavenging, glutathione peroxidase, and metal-binding antioxidant mechanisms. Findings of several recent clinical, epidemiological, and in vivo studies highlight the need for future studies that specifically focus on the chemical mechanisms of sulfur and selenium antioxidant behavior.
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Abstract
Reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic pancreatitis. Clinical and basic science studies have indicated that ROS/RNS formation processes are intimately linked to the development of the inflammatory disorders. The detrimental effects of highly reactive ROS/RNS are mediated by their direct actions on biomolecules (lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids) and activation of proinflammatory signal cascades, which subsequently lead to activation of immune responses. The present article summarizes the possible sources of ROS/RNS formation and the detailed signaling cascades implicated in the pathogenesis of pancreatic inflammation, as observed in acute and chronic pancreatitis. A therapeutic ROS/RNS-scavenging strategy has been advocated for decades; however, clinical studies examining such approaches have been inconsistent in their results. Emerging evidence indicates that pancreatitis-inducing ROS/RNS generation may be attenuated by targeting ROS/RNS-generating enzymes and upstream mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po Sing Leung
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
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Puchau B, Zulet MA, González de Echávarri A, Navarro-Blasco I, Martínez JA. Selenium intake reduces serum C3, an early marker of metabolic syndrome manifestations, in healthy young adults. Eur J Clin Nutr 2008; 63:858-64. [PMID: 18985060 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2008.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the associations between serum complement factor 3 (C3) and several anthropometrical, biochemical and lifestyle features in healthy young adults, emphasizing on the putative effect of selenium intake on C3 concentrations. METHODS This study enrolled 100 healthy young adults aged 18-34 years. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements and lifestyle features were analyzed. Fasting blood samples were collected for the measurement of glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerols and C3 concentrations. Nail samples were collected for the analysis of selenium concentrations. RESULTS Values of BMI (P=0.034), sum of skinfold thicknesses (STs) (P=0.021), body fat mass (BFM) (P=0.023), percentage of overweight subjects (P=0.007), serum triacylglycerols (P=0.012) and nail selenium (P=0.001) were significantly different between subjects above and below the median of serum C3 concentrations. The following correlations with serum C3 were identified tricipital ST (P=0.033), sum of STs (P=0.012), BMI (P=0.008), BFM (P=0.018), waist-to-height ratio (P=0.016), serum glucose (P=0.045), serum triacylglycerols (P=0.001) and nail selenium (P=0.006). Circulating C3 showed a positive association with several adiposity markers such as BMI (P=0.001), waist circumference (P=0.006), waist-to-height ratio (P=0.002), BFM (P=0.025), as well as serum glucose (P=0.027) and triacylglycerols (P<0.001), whereas nail selenium was a statistically significant negative predictor of C3 concentrations (P=0.018). CONCLUSIONS C3 seems to be related with selenium status and several anthropometrical and biochemical measurements linked to metabolic syndrome in apparently healthy young adults. These findings suggest a possible role for selenium intake in the modulation of C3, whose assessment may be an early marker of metabolic syndrome manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Puchau
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Physiology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
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N/A, 孙 丹, 房 静. N/A. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2006; 14:1502-1506. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v14.i15.1502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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